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ORCHIDS 
1. Aganisia tricolor. — 2. Coryanthes macrantha. — 3. Miltonia Blunti. — 4. Nanodes Medusae. 
— 5. Dendrobium Brymerianum. — 6. Brassia caudata var. hieroglyphica. — 7. Cattleya Trianae 
var. purpurata. — 8. Masdevallia spectrum. — 9. Laelia elegans var. Houtteana. — 10. Coelogyne 
pandurata. — 11. Taphinia Randi. 




CHERRIES 
1. Large Gobet. — 2. Hedelfinger Giant. — 3. Spanish Sour. — 4. Royal Am arelle. — 5. Coburg Ma: 
heart. — 6. Buttner's Late Red, hard. — 7. Winkler's White Heart. — 8. Ostheimer Common. — 9. Re 
May. — 10. Kruger's Heart. — 11. Lucien. — 12. Sweet Early Common. — 13. Duchess of Angouleme. 
— " een Hortense. — 15. Late Amarelle. — 16. Red Muscatel. — 17. Large Long Dark Red.— 

Princess. — 19. Donissen's Golden, hard. — 20. Large Black, hard. 



A 




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mtmmm 






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1-2. 



14 15 

AMARANT-CONIFER. TIMBER 

(Longitudinal and Cross Sections) 
Common Box. — 3. Cedar.— 7. Bird's-eye Maple.— 8. Curly Amboyna.— 9. 
13. Padok (island) Mahogany.— 14. Olive.— 15. Rosewood. 



Arbor Vitae. 



Triana 
..oelogyne 



16 



4. Coral. — 5. New Guinea. 

garian Curly Ash. — 16. Violet-wood 



17 
AMARANT-CONIFER. TIMBER 

(Longitudinal and Cross Sections) 
. Royal Wood or Brown Ebony.- 



18 



-17. 



or Brown Ebony. — 10. Sycamore. — 11-12. Hun- 
Blue Ebony or Palisander- wood. — 18. Sandal-wood. 




PLUMAGE 
lab. Horned Belt. — 2 a, b. Red Starred Blue-Throated Warbler. — 3 a, b. Dominican Widow. 
— 4 a, b. Teal. — 5 a, b. Running Game Cock. — 6. Golden Snipe Hen.— 7 a. Prairie Hen. — 
8 a, b. Crested Auk.— 9 a, b. Crested Grebe.— 10 a. Temminck Tragopan (Asiatic game bird), 
with inflated throat-sac and erect horns, (a, female; b, male.) 








BIRDS OF PARADISE 
1. Most beautiful type. — 2. Six-threaded or Golden. — 3. King. 




Copyright, Underwood & Underwood. 

CANADIAN SCENES. 
1. Grain field, Manitoba. 2. Timber, Saskatchewan. 3. Eishing Village, New- 
foundland. 4. Coal Mines, Nova Scotia. 5. Parliament Building, Ottawa, r 




1. Short-haired English greyhound. — 2. Long-haired Eussian greyhound. 

— 3. Coarse-haired Scotch greyhound. — 4. English foxhound. — 5. Fox 

terrier. — 6. Short-haired badger-dog. — 7. Long-haired badger-dog. — 

8. Black field-spaniel. • 




1, 2. Bloodhounds. — 3. English pointer. — 4. Irish Setter. — 5. English 
Setter. — 6. Short-haired pointer. — 7. Wire-haired pointer. — 8. Long-haired 

pointer. 




1. Belgian work horse. — 2. Shetland pony. — 3. Scotch work horse 
(Clydesdale). 




Copyright, Underwood & Underwood. 

SHEEP RAISING IN THE WEST. 




1 Copyright, Underwood & Underwood. 

SILK CULTURE AT BEOUSSA, TURKEY. 




Copyright, Underwood & Underwood. 

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. 
First Wireless School in the United States opened in New York. 




Photo, by Underwood & Underwood. 
WOOLWORTH BUILDING, NEW YORK. 
Highest building in the world. Height, 53 stories, 
or 750 feet. 



THIS DICTIONARY IS NOT PUBLISHED BY 

THE ORIGINAL PUBLISHERS OF WEBSTER'S DICTIONARY 

OR BY THEIR SUCCESSORS 



THE NEW SUPREME 



&&f 



WEBSTER 
DICTIONARY 



SELF - PRONOUNCING 



Based upon the broad foundation laid by Noah 
Webster, LL.D., and other recognized lexico- 
graphers. Enlarged, revised and modernized by 
The American Board of Lexicography. 



Editor-in-Chief 

GEORGE J. HAGAR 

Editor of Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History; one of 
the revisers of the Columbian, Johnson's, People's, Americana, 
New International, New Standard, Standard American, and Every* 
body's Encyclopedias, and the compiler of the chronology of the 
world in the New Standard Dictionary. 



ADAIR & PETTY 

NEW YORK 



Copyright 1917, 1919, by 
ADAIR & PETTY 



!3i9 



©CLA525710 



HOW OUR LANGUAGE GREW 

by 
Leading American Authorities 



STANDARD ENGLISH 

By Prof. Percy W. Long, Ph.D., Department of English, 
Harvard University; Secretary of the American Dialect Society; 
member of the Editorial Staff of Webster's "New International 
* Dictionary." 

PRACTICAL SYNTAX 

By Prof. Forrest S. Lunt, M.A., Instructor of English, 
Horace Mann School, Teachers College, Columbia University. 

ETYMOLOGY 

By Prof. Clark S. Northup, Ph.D., Department of Eng- 
lish, Cornell University. * 

PUNCTUATION 

By Prof. Morris W. Croll, Ph.D., Department of English, 
Princeton University. 

THE EVOLUTION OF ENGLISH DICTIONARIES 

By Prof. John C. Rolfe, Ph.D., Department of Latin, 
University of Pennsylvania. 



HMH 



A GUIDE TO CORRECT USE OF 
TO-DAY'S ENGLISH 



THIS New Dictionary is designed to meet the demand 
among the masses of the people for a dictionary that shall 
be, accurate in its definitions, and contain the latest and 
newest words whose general usage warrants their incorporation 
into a dictionary designed primarily for the people. 

The orthography and pronunciations in this work are in 
accordance with the leading authorities in America and England 
and have been prepared with painstaking care. 

The words in the vocabulary have been so arranged in alpha- 
betical order that reference to any one of them is a matter of the 
greatest ease and convenience. The type has been chosen with 
much care and deliberation, and its size is the largest and clearest 
permissible in a single volume of this scope. 

The pronunciation of each word is plainly and accurately indi- 
cated by phonetic spelling and the proper diacritical marks. 

The definitions, while necessarily in concise form, have been 
prepared by experts in lexicography so as to include the most 
recent distinctions and shades of meaning. 

The entire work is printed from new type, on good, strong 
paper, handsomely and durably bound, and with ordinary care 
will last many years. 

It is believed that this Dictionary embraces all the words 
that will ever be needed by the ordinary reader, student or in- 
vestigator. At the same time the scientific student or scholar 
will find words in this volume that are not to be found in any 
other dictionary in the English language. 

The recent and numerous discoveries in science, the European 
"War, the vast strides being made in sociology, political economy 



A Guide to Correct Use of To-day's English {Continued) 

and metaphysics, as well as the marvelous advance in every direc- 
tion by the peoples of the world of today, and the consequent 
coinage of new words in every sphere of knowledge, render a work 
of this kind absolutely necessary. 

The editors, after careful deliberation, have concluded to 
leave out many current words of coarseness and vulgarity, be- 
lieving their present vogue to be merely ephemeral. Those words 
of slang, however, that have become, by long usage, a part of our 
literature and speech, have been included. 

The twenty-five Supplementary Dictionaries that are encom- 
passed have been prepared with the utmost care from the leading 
authorities on the various subjects by experts in their respective 
fields. "The information contained in these supplementary divi- 
sions will be found of unusual practical value and in many 
instances not to be obtained elsewhere. The division entitled 
"Facts Worth Knowing " will be found a miniature encyclopedia. 
in the scope of variety, value and completeness of its contents. 

All in all, this New Dictionary is the latest and best work of 
its kind that has ever been published in the English language 
and is so conceded by the authorities in lexicography to whom 
it has been submitted. 

For general use among the masses of the people, as well as 
the students, teachers and members of the learned professions, the 
publishers predict, with the utmost confidence, that it cannot be 
excelled. It is with this belief that they offer it for the approval 
of the public, for whose use and information it has been compiled. 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

Color Plates 

Gorgeous Fishes of the Southern Seas. 

Orchids. 

Cherries. 

Timber. 

Plumage. 

Birds of Paradise. 

Pheasants. 



Duotones 



Canadian Scenes, 

Dogs, Types of 

Horses, Types of 

Naval Guns, 

Photography, 

Pulmotor, 

SheeL Raising in the West, 

Silk Culture at Broussa, Turkey, 

Submarine, 

"Wireless, 

Woolworth Building, 



INDEX 



Abbreviations, Classical, Dic- 
tionary of 832 

Abbreviations, Most Common, 

Dictionary of 912 

Address, Forms of, Dictionary 

of 895 

Adjectives 790 

Adverbs 792 

Americanisms, Dictionary of 804 

Apostrophe, The 800 

Atomic Weights, Dictionary 

of 808 

Automobile, Dictionary of the 809 

Aviation, Dictionary of 813 

Baseball, Dictionary of 817 

Bracket, The 801 

Canada : 

Population of, 1665-1911.. 1011 
Population by Divisions, 

1911 1011 

Population of Cities, etc.. 1015 

Capital Letters, Use of 802 

Changes in Form and Mean- 
ing of Words 795 

Christian Names, Dictionary 

of 822 

Colon, The 800 

Color Plates, List of 6 

Comma, The 799 

Commerce and Law, Diction- 
ary of 836 

Cunjunctions 792 

Dash, The 801 

Derivation, Principles of . . . . 797 
Dictionaries, Evolution of 

English : 779 

Dictionaries, Supplementary: 
Abbreviations, Classical. . . 832 
Abbreviations, Most Com- 
mon 912 

Address, Forms of 895 

Americanisms 804 

Atomic Weights 808 

Automobile, The 809 

Aviation 813 

Baseball 817 



Christian Names 822 

Commerce and Law 836 

Everyday Allusions 854 

Football 878 

Foreign Words and Phrases 882 

Golf 899 

Lacrosse : . . 902 

Lawn Tennis 905 

Military and Naval Terms. 908 

Music 939 

Noted Characters in Litera- 
ture 943 

Photography 957 

Polo 961 

State Names and Meanings. 964 

Wireless Telegraphy 965 

Words of Like and Opposite 

Meaning 969 

Yachting 998 

Duotones, List of 6 

Earth, Facts about the 1020 

E^ments of Words, The 794 

Figlish, Standard 784 

etymology 793 

Everyday Allusions, Diction- 
ary of r 854 

Everyone His Own Weather 

Prophet 1019 

Evolution of English Diction- 
aries 779 

Exclamation Point, The 800 

Facts about the Earth 1020 

Facts Worth Knowing 1001 

Flowers, Language of 1018 

Flowers, State 1023 

Football, Dictionary of 878 

Foreign Coins, Value of.... 1017 
Foreign Words and Phrases, 

Dictionary of 882 

Form and Meaning of Words, 

Changes in 795 

Forms of Address, Dictionary 

of 895 

Golf, Dictionary of 899 

Guide to Correct Use of To- 
day's English 4 



INDEX (Continued) 



How Our Language Grew.. 3 Prepositions 792 

Hyphen, The 801 Principles of Derivation, The 797 

Illustrations, List of 6 .Pronouns 790 

Lacrosse, Dictionary of 902 Punctuation 798 

Language of the Flowers 1018 Question Mark, The 800 

Lawn Tennis, Dictionary of. 905 Quotation Marks, The 801 



Meaning of Words, Changes 



Semi-colon, The 799 



in Form and 795 Sources of Our Vocabulary. . 793 



Metric System of Weights and 

Measures 1021 

Military and Naval Terms, 



Standard English 784 

State Names and Meanings, 
Dictionary of 964 



Dictionary of 908 Syntax, Practical 788 

Music, Dictionary of 939 Time and Its Variations.... 1022 

National Parks in the U. S.. 1024 United States: 



Noted Characters in Litera- 
ture, Dictionary of 943 

Nouns, Uses of 789 

Parenthesis, The 801 

Period, The 798 



Population of the 1002 

Congressional Representa- 
tion 1004 

Principal Cities, etc 1005 

Rank of the States 1003 



Photography, Dictionary of . . 957 Value of Foreign Coins 1017 

Polo, Dictionary of 961 Verbs 791 



Population, United States, 



Vocabulary 776 



1910 1002 Vocabulary, Sources of Our. 



Congressional Representa- 
tion 1004 



Wireless Telegraphy, Diction- 
ary of 



Principal Cities, etc 1005 Words, Changes in Form and 



Rank of the States. 



1003 



Meaning of . . 



793 
965 
795 



Population, Canada, 1911 1011 Words, Elements of 794 

Political Divisions 1011 Words of Like and Opposite 

Principal Cities, etc 1015 Meaning, Dictionary of... 969 

Practical Syntax 788 Yachting, Dictionary of . . . . 998 



A 



A (5 or a), usually the first letter in the 
alphabets of the world. 

a (a or a), indef. art. (contraction of 
an), one; any; used before words be- 
ginning with a consonant or the 
sound of h. 

aback (a-bak'), adv. backward; pressed 
back against the mast: said of sails; 
by surprise. 

abacus (ab'a-kus), n. a contrivance 
of beads or balls strung upon rods or 
wires: used for arithmetical compu- 
tation; the slab crowning a column 
or pillar. 

abaft (a-baff), adv. & prep, at, toward, 
or in the direction of the stern of a 
ship; astern. 

abalone (ab-a-lo'ne), n. an ear-shaped 
gastropod. 

abandon (a-ban'dun), v.t. to give up; 
desert or forsake utterly; give up 
all claim to; yield one's self. 

a-bas (a-ba/), [French] down with. 

abase (a-bas 7 ), v.t. to humble or de- 
grade; debase morally; dishonor. 

abash (a-bash'), v.t. to put to con- 
fusion; confound or make ashamed 
by consciousness of guilt or error. 

abasia (a-ba/si-a), n. incapacity to 
walk because of muscular defects. 

abatable (a-ba/ta-bl), adj. that may 
be abated. 

abate (a-baf), v.t. to lessen; suppress: 
v.i. to decrease; moderate; subside. 

abatis, abattis (English ab'a-tis; 
French a-ba-te'), n. a barricade 
composed of felled trees with the 
branches pointing outward. 

abattoir (a-bat-twar'), n. a public 
slaughter-house. 

abb (ab), n. the yarn of the warp in 
weaving. 



abbacy (ab'a-si), n. the office and 
jurisdiction of an abbot. 

abbe (a-ba'), n. an ecclesiastic devoted 
to literature. 

abbess (ab'es), n. the lady-superior 
of a convent or nunnery. 

abbey (ab'i), n. [pi. abbeys (-iz)], an 
establishment for religious devotees 
of either sex, renounced to celibacy 
and seclusion from the world. 

abbot (ab'ut), n. the superior or 
head of an abbey. 

abbreviate (ab-bre'vi-at), v.t. to 
shorten, as by contraction of a word, 
or the omission of words in a sen- 
tence; reduce a quantity to its lowest 
terms. 

abbreviation (ab-bre'vi-a'shun), ra- 
the act of shortening or abbreviat. 
ing; the state of being abbreviated; 
the word, phrase, or title so con- 
tracted, as M.D. for Doctor of Medi- 
cine. 

abbreviator (ab-bre'vi-a-ter), n. one 
who shortens or abbreviates. 

abbreviature (ab-bre'vi-a-tur), n. 
the sign, letter, or character used 
for contraction; a compendium or 
abridgment. 

abdicate (ab'di-kat), v.t. renounce, 
give up, or withdraw from; to re- 
linquish the crown in favor of a 
successor. 

abdication (ab-di-ka'shun), n. the 
act of relinquishment or resignation. 

abdicator (ab'di-ka-ter), n. one who 
abdicates or resigns. 

abdomen (ab'do-men), n. the belly; 
the cavity containing the digestive 
apparatus or viscera; the posterior 
segment or third division of the body 
of an insect. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 
(9) 



ABDOMINAL 



10 



ABLAUT 



abdominal (ab-dom'i-nal), adj. per- 
taining to the abdomen. 

abduce (ab-dus'), v.t. to draw away 
by persuasion or argument; draw 
aside by an abductor muscle. 4 

abduct (ab-dukf), v.t. to carry off by 
stealth or force; kidnap. 

abduction (ab-duk'shun), n. the act 
of abducting or kidnapping. 

abductor (ab-duk'ter), n. one who, 
or that which, abducts; a muscle 
moving certain parts from the axis 
of a limb. 

abeam (a-bem'), adv. at right angles 
to the keel of a ship. 

abecedarian (a-be-se-da'ri-an), or 
abecedary, adj. belonging to the 
alphabet: n. one teaching or learn- 
ing the alphabet. 

abed (a-bed'), adv. in bed; to bed. 

aberrant (ab-er'ant), adj. departing 
from the usual path, type, or stand- 
ard. 

aberration (ab-er-ra/shun), n. the 
act of departing from the usual 
path, type, or standard; mental de- 
rangement; the unequal refraction 
of rays of light from a lens so that 
they do not converge to a single 
point. 

abet (a-bet'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. abetted, 
p.pr. abetting], to encourage; to aid 
or assist in the performance of an 
act ; usually to a criminal nature; 
to incite, or instigate. 

abetter or abettor (a-bet'er), n. one 
who aids or abets in the commission 
of a crime; one who protects a 
criminal or assists him to escape 
from justice. 

abeyance (a-ba/ans), n. held or kept 
back; held over; a state of suspen- 
sion. 

abhor (ab-h6r')» v.t. {p.t. & p.p. ab- 
horred, p.pr. abhorringjj to hate, 
loathe, execrate, abominate; be 
strongly averse to; shrink or recoil 
from with horror, dread, or disgust. 

abhorrence (ab-hor'rens), n. detes- 
tation; extreme hatred; that which 
excites a feeling of strong repug- 



abhorrer (ab-hor'rer), n. one who 
abhors or detests. 

abide (a-bid'), [p-t. & p.p. abode, 
p.pr. abiding], v.t. to await, endure, 
withstand, tolerate: v.i. to dwell, re- 
side, continue, stand firm. 

abigail (ab'i-gal), n. a waiting-maid, 
so called from Abigail, "thine hand- 
maid" (I Sam. xxv. 2-41). 

ability (a-bil'i-ti), n. power to per- 
form; skill to achieve; capability 
for carrying out; capacity to devise, 
receive, retain, or make use of; 
physical or moral strength; talents 
or gifts, in a special or general de- 
gree; wealth; means. 

abintestate (ab-in-tes'tat), adj. suc- 
ceeding to the estate of a person 
dying without a will. 

abiogenesis (ab-i-o-jen'e-sis), w. spon- 
taneous generation. 

abiology (ab-i-ol'o-ji), n. the study 
of non-living things; in contra- 
distinction to biology or the study 
of living things. 

abion (ab'i-on), n. non-living things 
in the aggregate, as contrasted with 
living. 

abject (ab'jekt), adj. m worthless; 
mean; low; despicable; in a sunken 
or degraded condition. 

abjection (ab-jek'shun), n. the act 
of being cast down; castaway; deg- 
radation. 

abjuration (ab-ju-ra'shun), n. an 
oath of renunciation, as of allegi- 
ance; the act of renouncing. 

abjure (ab-jur'), v.t. to renounce 
upon oath; forswear allegiance to; 
repudiate or recant. 

ablactation (ab-lak-ta'shun), n. the 
act of weaning a child from the 
breast. 

ablation (ab-la'shun), n. the act of 
removal or carrying away. 

ablative (ab'la-tiv), n. one of the 
cases of Latin nouns, expressing 
chiefly separation and instrumental- 
ity. 

ablaut (ablout), n. the changing of 
a vowel in the root of a word, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ABLAZE 



11 



ABRASION 



indicating modification of meaning 
or use, as get, got. 

ablaze (a-blaz'), adv. or adj t on fire; 
well alight; in a blaze; eager; in- 
flamed with desire; resplendent. 

able (a / bl), adj. possessed of power, 
means, or ability; qualified, compe- 
tent; bodily or mentally strong; 
legally authorized or entitled. 

ablegate (ab'le-gat) ? n. the envoy 
sent by the Pope with insignia, &c, 
to newly-appointed cardinals. 

abloom (a-bloom'), adv. & adj. in 
bloom. 

abluent (ab'lu-ent), adj. cleansing: 
n. that which cleanses; a substance 
which purifies the blood. 

ablution (ab-lu'shun), n. a washing 
or cleansing of the body by water; 
moral purification. 

ablutionary (ab-lu'shun-a-ri), adj. 
pertaining to cleansing. 

abnegate (ab'ne-gat), v.t. to refuse 
or deny to one's self. 

abneural (ab-nu'ral), a. relating to 
the side of the body farthest from 
the neural or nervous axis; this 
being, in higher organisms, the 
abdominal surface. 

abnormal (ab-nor'mal), adj. irregu- 
lar; deformed; unnatural; depart- 
ing from a type, standard, or rule, 
exceptional; out of the common. 

abnormality (ab-n6r-mari-ti), n. [pi. 
abnormalities (-tiz) ], the state or 
condition of being abnormal or 
irregular; difference or departure 
from a regular type or rule. 

abnormity (ab-n6r'mi-ti), n. [pi, 
abnormities (-tiz) ], deformity; ir- 
regularity. 

aboard (a-bord'), adv. on or within 
a vessel: prep, into a ship. 

abode (a-bod'), n. a place of contin- 
ued residence; a dwelling; a hab- 
itation; residence generally. 

abolish (a-bol'ish), v.t. to efface; do 
away with: put an end to. 

abolition (ab-5-lish'un), n. the act 
of abolishing; the state of being 
abolished; the annulment or abro- 
gation of decrees, rites, customs, &c. 



abolitionism (ab-6-lish'un-izm), n. 
the doctrine or principles of those 
advocating the abolition of certain 
laws or customs, as the traffic in 
drink, slaves, &c. _ _ - 

aboma (a-bo'm&), n. the" name of a 
large species of boa or anaconda of 
tropical America. 

abominable (a-bom'i-na-bl), adj. 
hateful; odious; offensive; unclean. 

abominate (a-bom'i-nat), v.t. to ab- 
, hor; regard with feelings of disgust 
or hatred. 

abomination (a-bom-i-na'shun), n. 
excessive hatred; the act of abomi- 
nating; the thing abominated; de- 
filement; pollution. 

aboriginal (ab-6-rij'i-nal), adj. orig- 
inal; primitive; existing from the 

. beginning: n. the species of animals 
or plants presumed to have orig- 
inated within a given area. 

aborigines (ab-o-rij'i-nez), n.pl. the 
first or primitive inhabitants of a 
country; the native or indigenous 
animate or plants of any geograph- 
ical area. 

abort (a-b6rt')>. v.i. to miscarry in 
birth; to remain undeveloped. 

abortion (a-bor'shun), n. untimely 
birth; miscarriage; that which falls 
short of maturity by arrest of de- 
velopment. 

abortionist (a-bor'shun-ist), n. one 
who is guilty of the crime of pro- 
curing a criminal abortion, or who 
induces abortion. 

abortive (a-bor'tiv), adj. born im- 
perfect; arrested in development; 
without issue or result. 

abound (a-bound'), v.i. to have in 
plenty or abundance; to exist in 
great numbers or quantity (followed 
by in or with). 

abradant (ab-ra/dant), adj/ having 
the property of rubbing away: n. 
substance employed for abrading or 
scouring. 

abrade (ab-rad'), v.t. to wear or rub 
away j to remove as by friction or 
abrasion; to corrode, as by acids. 

abrasion (ab-ra/zhun), n. the act of 



Ete, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ABREAST 



12 



ABSORPTION-LINES 



wearing or rubbing away; a chafe. 

abreast (a-bresf), adv. side by side; 
in line with; opposite to; at the 
same level. 

abridge (a-brij'), v.t. to curtail, 
shorten, condense, epitomize. 

abridgment (a-brij 'ment), n. the 
state of being contracted or cur- 
tailed; an epitome. 

abroach (a-broch'), adv. & adj. letting 
out; placed in position for yielding 
the contents. 

abroad (a-brawd'), adv. widely; ex- 
pansively; beyond the limits of 
house or country; wide of the mark. 

abrogate (ab'ro-gat), v.t. to abolish, 
annul, or repeal by authority. 

abrogation (ab-ro-ga/shun), n. the 
act of abrogating; the repeal or an- 
nulling of a law. 

abrogator (ab'ro-ga-ter), n. one who 
repeals by authority. 

abrupt (ab-rupf), adj. broken; ter- 
minating suddenly; steep; precip- 
itous; rough; unceremonious. 

abruption (ab-rup'shun), n. a sep- 
aration with violence; a sudden or 
abrupt termination. — 

abscess (ab'ses), n. [pi. abscesses 
(-ez) ], a collection of morbid mat- 
ter or pus in the tissues of the body. 

abscission (ab-sizh'un), n. the act of 
severance; the breaking off in a 
sentence, leaving the rest to be im- 
plied. 

abscond (ab-skond'), v.i. to flee or 
retire in haste from the place of 
one's residence or post of duty; quit 
the country in secret. 

absence (ab'sens), n. the state of 
being absent; the period of being 
absent. 

absent (ab'sent), adj. not present; 
away; wanting; regardless; ab- 
stracted. 

absent (ab-sentOi v.t, to retire or 

keep away from. 
absentee (ab-sen-te'), n. one who is 

absent or absents himself purposely 

from home or duty. 
absenteeism (ab-sen-te'izm), n. the 



state or custom of living away from 
one's country or estate. 

absently (ab'sent-li), adv. in an ab- 
stracted manner. 

absinthe (English ab'sinth; French 
ab-sangt'), n. wormwood; a bitter 
aromatic liqueur compounded of 
brandy and wormwood, formerly 
largely drunk in France. 

absolute (ab'so-lut), adj. free as to 
condition; perfect in itself; unlim- 
ited in power; fixed; irrevocable; 
despotic; positive: n. the will or 
power of the Almighty. 

absolution (ab-so-lu'shun), n. the 
act of absolving from the conse- 
quences of sin. 

absolutism (ab'so-lu-tizm), n. the 
state of being absolute; the principle 
or system of absolute government. 

absolutory (ab-sol'u-to-ri), adj. ab- 
solving; capable of absolving. 

absolvatory (ab-sorva-to-ri), adj. 
containing or conferring absolution; 
having power to pardon or absolve. 

absolve (ab-solv'), 9.t. to release or 
set free; clear of crime or guilt; to 
forgive or remit. * ■ 

absorb (ab-s6rb / ), v.t. to drink in; 
imbibe; suck or swallow up; en- 
gross or engage wholly. 

absorbable (ab-sorb'a-bl), adj. cap- 
able of being absorbed. 

absorbency (ab-s6rb / en-si) f ». ca- 
pacity for absorbing. 

absorbent (ab-sorb'ent), adj. ab- 
sorbing: n. the capacity for absorb- 
ing; anything which absorbs or 
takes in nutritive matter; a vessel 
in the body; a substance capable of 
absorbing or withdrawing gases or 
moisture from the air. 

absorption (ab-sorp'shun), n. the 
process or act of absorbing; the 
state of being absorbed; entire oc- 
cupation of the mind. 

absorption-bands (-banz), n.pl. the 
dark bands in the spectrum, more 
or less wide, and not usually sharply 
defined. 

absorption-lines (-lins), n.pl. dark 
lines in the spectrum produced by 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ABSORPTIVE 



13 



ACADEMICIAN 



i. the absorption of cool vapors through 
which the light has passed. 

absorptive (ab-sorp'tiv), adj. having 
power or capacity for absorption. 

absorptivity (ab-s6rp-tiv'i-ti), ». the 
power of absorption. 

abstain (ab-stan'), v.t. to forbear; 
refrain; hold aloof; keep away from. 

abstainer (ab-stan'er), n. one who 
abstains, especially from intoxicants. 

abstemious (ab-ste'mi-us), adj. 
moderate and sparing in the use of 
food and drink; non-indulgent. 

abstention (ab-sten'shun), n. the act 
of holding off or abstaining. 

abstentious (ab-sten'shus), adj. char- 
acterized by abstention. 

abstergent (ab-ster'jent), adj. pos- 
sessing cleansing or purging proper- 
ties: n. that which cleanses or 
purges; a detergent. 

abstersion (ab-ster-shun), n. the act 
of wiping clean; the act of cleans- 
ing by the use of abstergents. 

abstersive (ab-ster'siv), adj. cleans- 
ing; of the nature or quahty of an 
abstergent: n. that which cleanses 
or purifies. 

abstinence (ab'sti-nens), n. the act 
or practice of abstaining; self- 
denial; partial or total forbearance 
from the use of food or drink. 

abstinent (ab'sti-nent), adj. refrain- 
ing from over-indulgence, especially 
with regard to food and drink; n. 
an abstainer. 

abstract (ab-strakf), v.t. to take or 
draw away; separate; purloin or 
steal; epitomize; separate from and 
consider apart. 

abstract (ab'-strakt), n. an epitome; 
a summary or abstract comprising 
the essence or principal parts of a 

m larger work: adj. considered or con- 
ceived apart from its concrete or 
material nature; abstract noun, 
». the name of a state or quahty 
considered apart from the object to 
which it belongs.* 

abstraction (ab-strak'shun), n. the 
act of separating or drawing away; 
the state of being withdrawn or ab- 



stracted; concentration of mind or 

attention, 
abstrahent (ab'stra-hent), adj. ab- 
stract; eliminating from unessential 

or foreign elements. 
abstruse (ab-str6os')> adj. obscure; 

hidden; difficult of comprehension; 

profound. 
absurd (ab-serd'), adj. contrary to 

reason or sense; ridiculous. 
absurdity (ab-serd'i-ti), n. [pi. ab- 

>f I 



surdities, (-tiz) ] the state of 
absurd; that which is absurd. 

abundance (a-bun'dans), n. in great 
plenty; an over-flowing quantity; 
affluence. 

abundant (a-bun'dant), adj. plenti- 
ful; fully sufficient; abounding. 

abuse (a-biiz'), v.t. to use ill; treat 
rudely or wrongfully; to defile or 
violate; use violent or abusive lan- 
guage toward; vituperate. 

abuse (a-biis'), n. ill-treatment; the 
excessive or injudicious use of any- 
thing; insult; violation. 

abusive (a-bu r siv), adj. practicing 
or containing abuse. 

abut (a-but'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. abut- 
ted, p.pr. abutting], to border upon; 
touch at one end; terminate. (Used 
with on, upon, against.) 

abuzz (a-buz'), adv. filled with buzz- 
ing sounds. 

abysm (a-bizm'), n. an abyss, a gulf . 

abysmal (a-biz'm&l), adj. pertaining 
to an abyss; bottomless. 

abyss (a-bis'), n. a bottomless gulf; 
that which is unfathomable; hell. 

acacia (a-ka'-shi-a), n. a plant of the 
genus of same name. 

academic (ak-a-dem'ik), or aca- 
demical (-al), n. a college student 
or member of a university: adj. be- 
longing or appertaining to a college 
or university. 

academicals (ak-a-dem'i-kals), n.pl. 
the costume worn by graduates and 
undergraduates at a university or a 
college. 

academician (ak-a-de-mish'an), n. 
a member of an academy or society 



Lte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ACADEMY 



14 



ACCIDENCE 



for promoting the arts, sciences, and 
literature. 

academy (a-kad'e-mi), n. a private 
school or seminary for the teaching 
of the higher branches of education; 
a school for instruction in special 
subjects; an association or society 
of men eminent in literature, 
science, and art; a building devoted 
to academic purposes. 

acanthus (a-kan'thus), n. a plant 
having sharp-toothed leaves; orna- 
mentation adopted in the capitals of 
the Corinthian and Composite 
orders, and resembling the foliage of 
the acanthus. 

accede (ak-sed')> v.i. to come or at>- 
tain to; to agree or yield to. 

accelerando (ak-chel-e-ran'do). A 
musical term indicating faster tempo. 

accelerate (ak-sel'er-at), v.t. to 
hasten; to cause to move or pro- 
gress faster; quicken the SDeea of; 
bring nearer in time. 

accelerative (ak-sel'er-a-tiv), adj. 
hastening; tending to increase ve- 
locity. 

accelerator (ak-sel'er-a-ter), n. that 
which quickens or accelerates; any 
method in photography by which a 
sensitized or chemical plate is ex- 
posed for a less time to the light. 

accent (ak'sent), n. the stress laid by 
the voice upon a particular syl- 
lable of a word, so as to render it 
more prominent than the rest; 
the mark or character used in 
writing and printing to express the 
manner of pronouncing of a word. 

accentual (ak-sen'tu-al), ; adj. be- 
longing to accent; rhythmical. 

accentuate (ak-sen'tu-at), v.t. to 
speak, pronounce or mark with an 
accent; give prominence to in speak- 
ing or writing; lay stress upon. 

accept (ak-septO, v.t. to take or re- 
ceive with approbation; entertain; 
agree to, or acquiesce in; under- 
stand or receive in a particular 
sense; to agree or promise to pay. 

acceptable (ak-sep'ta-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of giving pleasure or gratification. 



acceptability (ak-sep'ta-bil'i-ti), or 
acceptableness (ak-sep'ta-bl-nes), 
n. the quality of being acceptable 
or agreeable. 

acceptance (ak-sep'tans), n. the act 
of accepting; the fact of being ac- 
cepted, or received with approba- 
tion; the subscription to a bill of 
exchange; the bill accepted or the 
sum contained in it. 

acceptation (ak-sep-ta'shun), n. the 
act of accepting, or state of being 
accepted or acceptable; the meaning 
or sense of a word or statement in 
which it is to be understood. 

accepter or acceptor (ak-sep'ter), n. 
one who accepts; the person who 
accepts a bill of exchange. 

access (ak'ses), n. admittance or ap- 
proach to a person or place; means 
of approach or admission; addition 
or increase; the recurrence of fits or 
paroxysms in diseases. 

accessibility (ak-ses-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
condition of being accessible. 

accessible (ak-ses'i-bl), adj. capable 
of being approached; easy of access; 
attainable. 

accession (ak-sesh'un), n. a coming 
to, as by succession or by right; 
entrance or attainment; the act of 
acceding by assent or agreement; in- 
crease or augmentation; the acquire- 
ment of property by improvement, 
growth, or labor expended; the at- 
tack or commencement of a disease. 

accessional (ak-sesh'un-al), adj. ad- 
ditional; pertaining to an accession. 

accessorial (ak-ses-6'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to an accessory, as acces- 
sorial guilt or agency. 

accessory ^ (ak-ses'o-ri), [pi. acces- 
sories (-riz) ], adj. aiding; contrib- 
uting to some result or effect: n. 
one who aids in the commission of 
a felony; an accomplice; that which 
is in the nature of an appendage. 

accidence (ak'si-dens), n. the por- 
tion of grammar which deals with 
the inflections of words; a book 
containing the rudiments of gram- 
mar; the rudiments themselves. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ACCIDENT 



15 



ACCORDANT 



accident (ak'si-dent), n. an event 
which is unexpected, or the cause of 
which was unforeseen; a contingen- 
cy, casualty, or mishap; a property 
of a thing which is not essential to 
it. 

accidental (ak-si-den'tal), adj. hap- 
pening by chance or unexpectedly; 
fortuitous; non-essential; connected 
with, but not necessarily belonging 
to: n. that which happens unex- 
pectedly; an adjunct, or non-essen- 
tial part or quality; a sharp, flat, or 
natural introduced into a piece of 
music to lower or raise the note be- 
fore which it is placed. 

acclaim (ak-klam'), v.i. to shout ap- 
plause: n. a shout of joy or praise; 
acclamation. 

acclamation (ak-kla-ma/shun) , n. a 
shout of applause, or other demon- 
stration of hearty approval; an out- 
burst of joy ; or praise; the adoption 
of a resolution viva voce; a mode of 
papal election. 

acclamatory (ak-klam'a-to-ri), adj. 
expressing joy or applause by ac- 
clamation. 

acclimate (ak-kli'mat), v.t. to accus- 
tom a person to a foreign climate. 

acclimation (ak-kli-ma'shun), n. the 
process of acclimatizing, or the state 
of being inured to a foreign climate; 
acclimatization. 

acclimatize (ak-kli'ma-tiz), v.t. & 
v.i. to accustom or become accus- 
tomed to a foreign climate; said of 
plants or animals. 

acclivity (ak-kliv'i-ti), n. [pi. ac- 
clivities (-tiz) ], an ascent or up- 
ward slope of the earth; the talus 
of a rampart. 

accolated (ak'ko-la-ted), p. adj. con- 
taining two or more profile heads, 
so arranged that one partially over- 
laps the next, as in the shilling of 
William III. and Mary. 

accolent (ak'o-lent), a. and n. dwel- 
ling in the same vicinity; one who 
dwells not far away. 

accommodate (ak-kom'mo-dat), v.t. 
to adapt or make fit or suitable; ad- 



just, settle; supply or furnish; do a 
favor to; lend money for the con- 
venience of a borrower: v.i. to be 
comformable to. 

a c c o m m o dia t i o n (ak-kom-mo-da/- 
shun), n. the act of accommodating; 
or the state of being accommodated; 
that which supplies a want or de- 
sire. 

accommodation-bill (-bil), n. a bill 
or note endorsed by one or more 
parties to enable the drawer to 
raise money upon it. 

accommodation-ladder (-lad'er), 
n. a ladder or stairway suspended at 
the gangway of a ship. 

accommodative (ak-kom'mo-da-tiv), 
adj. disposed or tending to accom- 
modate. 

accompaniment (ak-kum'pa-ni- 
ment), n. something which is added 
to, or attends the original or princi- 
pal thing by way of ornament, or 
for the sake of symmetry. 

accompanist (ak-kum'pa-nist), n. 
one who plays an accompaniment. 

accompany (ak-kum'pa-ni), v.t. to 
keep company with; escort; join in 
movement or action; perform the 
accompaniment in a composition for 
voice and instrument. 

accomplice (ak-kom'plis), n. an as- 
sociate or companion in crime. 

accomplish (ak-kom'plish), v.t. to 
bring to completion, or to an issue; 
fulfill; attain as the result of exer- 
tion. 

accomplishment (ak-kom'plish- 

ment), n. the completion of an act 
or undertaking; fulfillment; an ac- 
quirement or qualification in art or 
manners. 

accord (ak-k6rd'), v.t. & v.i. to be in 
agreement with; reconcile; agree; 
give; grant; concede; to adjust or 
bring to agreement; to be in corre- 
spondence or harmony; agree in 
pitch and tone: n. agreement; uni- 
son; concurrence of will or opinion; 
harmony. 

accordant (ak-k6rd'ant), adj. corre- 
sponding; of the same mind. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ACCORDING 



16 



ACCURSED 



according (ak-k6r<Ting), p. adj. agree- 
ing, harmonious: adv. in accordance 
{with) or agreeably (to). 

accordion (ak-kord'i-un), n. a small 
wind instrument, having keys and 
metallic reeds, and worked by means 
of a bellows, after the fashion of a 
concertina. 

accost (ak-kosf), v.t. to draw near, 
or come face to face with; speak 
to; salute: n. the act of accosting; 
manner. 

accouchement (ak-koosh'mong), n. 
delivery in child-bed; parturition; a 
lying-in. 

accoucheur (ak-koosh-er'), n. a 
medical man who attends confine- 
' ment cases. 

account (ak-kount'), v.t. to reckon 
or hold to be; compute; count: v.i, 
to assign an explanation [with for] ; 
take into consideration; relate: n 
a reckoning; a financial statement 
or memorandum; a narrative; any- 
thing in the form of a statement, 
written or verbal; reason or con- 
sideration; profit; advantage; esti- 
mation; consequence; importance. 

account-current (-kur'ent), n. the 
statement of account between two 
or more persons, drawn out in the 
form of debtor and creditor. 

accountability (ak-kount-a-bil'i-ti) , 
n. the state of being liable or ac- 
countable. 

accountable (ak-kount'a-bl), adj. 
answerable; responsible; liable to 
be called to account. 

accountably (-bli), adv. in an ac- 
countable manner. 

accountancy (ak-koun 'tan-si), n. the 
art or practice of an accountant. 

accountant (ak-koun 'tant), 'n. one 
skilled in the keeping or examina- 
tion of accounts: adj. giving ac- 
count; responsible. 

accoutre (ak-koo'ter), v.t. to dress; 
equip; to array in military dress; 
furnish with accoutrements. 

accoutrements (ak-koo'ter-ments), 
n.pl. equipage; dress; military 
equipments. 



accredit (ak-kred'it), v.t. to give 
credit to; have confidence in; au- 
thorize; stamp with authority; to 
believe and accept as true. 

accrescent (ak-kres'sent), adj. in- 
creasing; growing. 

accrete (ak-kret'), v.i. to adhere; be 
added: v.t. to cause to grow or 
unite. 

accretion (ak-kre'shun), n. increase 
by natural growth; the addition of 
external parts; the growing together 
of parts or members naturally sepa- 
rate. 

accretive (ak-kre'tiv), adj. adding 
to or increasing by growth. 

accroachment (ak-kroch'ment)^ n. 
the act of accroaching; usurpation. 

accrue (ak-kroo), v.i. to happen or to 
result naturally as an increment, as 
of profit or loss. 

accultural (a-kul'tu-ral), a. racial or 
communal improvement due to the 
adoption of foreign culture. 

acculture (a-kul'tur) n. culture ac- 
quired through the adoption of 
foreign habits or methods. 

accumbent (ak-kum'bent), adj. re- 
clining or recumbent. 

accumulate (ak-ku'mu-lat), v.t. to 
collect or bring together; amass; 
heap up: v.i. to increase in size, 
number, or quantity. 

accumulation (ak - kii - mu - la/shun) , 
n. the act of accumulating or amass- 
ing; the addition of interest to princi- 
pal; the mass accumulated. 

accumulative judgment (-juj'- 
ment), n. a second judgment which 
takes effect against a person after 
the first sentence has expired. 

accumulator (ak-ku'nm-la-ter), n. 
one who, or that which, accumu- 
lates; an apparatus for equalizing 
pressure; an electric storage battery. 

accuracy (ak'kti-ra-si), n. the qual- 
ity of being accurate; exactness or 
correctness. 

accurate (ak'kQ-rat), adj. in exact 
conformity with the truth; free from 
error;- precise. 

accursed (a-ker'sed), or accurst 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon* 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ACCUSABLE 



17 



ACIDULATE 



(a-kersf), p.adj. under or subject to 
a curse; doomed to destruction; de- 
testable; execrable. 

ace usable (ak-kuz'a-bl), adj. liable 
to be censured or accused. 

accusation (ak-ku-za'shun), n. a 
charge or imputation of wrong-doing; 
the act of accusing or imputing. 

accusatival (ak-ku-za-tlVal), adj. 
pertaining to the accusative case. 

accusative (ak-kti'za-tiv), adj. accus- 
ing: n. the objective case, denoting 
the object of the verb. 

accuse (ak-kuz'), v.t. to charge with 
guilt or blame; make or bring an 
imputation against. 

accuser (ak-kuz'er), n. one who ac- 
cuses; one who formally charges an 
offense against another. 

accustom (ak-kus'tum), v.t. to habit- 
uate or familiarize by custom or use. 

ace (as), n. [pi. aces (-ez) ], a unit; 
in playing cards and dice, a card 
or die marked with a single pip; an 
aviator destroying five enemy air- 
planes. 

ace-point (-'point), the single mark 
of the ace-card and of the die 
marked with one spot. 

acedia (a-se'di-a), n. an abnormal 
condition of the mind, characterized 
by lassitude, listlessness, and general 
indifference. 

acentric (a-sen'trik), adj. away from 
the center; having no center. 

acephalous (a-sef'a-lus), adj. head- 
less; without a leader; an ovary of 
a plant that has its style springing 
from the base instead of the apex. 

acerbity (a-ser'bi-ti), n. [pi. acerbi- 
ties (-tiz)], sourness; sharpness; 
harshness or severity of temper or 
expression. 

acetate (as'e-tat), n. a salt of acetic 
acid. 

acetic acid (a-se'tik & a-set'ik as'id), 
n. a clear liquid, with a strong acid 
taste and peculiar sharp smell. It 
is present in a dilute form in vinegar. 

acetify (a-set'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
acetified, p.pr. acetifying ], to turn 
into vinegar; make acetous. 



acetimeter (as-e-tim'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for gauging the strength 
or purity of vinegar or acetic acid 

acetylene (a-set'i-len), n. a brilliant 
iUurninating gas, produced by sub- 
jecting calcium-carbide to the action 
of water. 

ache (ak), n. pain, more or less con- 
tinuous: v.i. to suffer, or be in pain. 

achievable # (a-che'va-bl), adj. possi- 
ble to achieve; capable of being per- 
formed. 

achieve (a-chev), v.t. to perform, 
carry out, accomplish; to gain or 
bring to a successful issue by an ef- 
fort: v.i. to bring about a desired 
result. 

a chill es- tendon (a-kil'ez-ten'dun), 
the powerful tendon placed in, and 
moving, the heel. 

aching (a'king), p.adj. enduring or 
causing pain; painful: adv. with 
aching; painfully. 

achromatic (ak-ro-mat'ik), adj. free 
from coloration; transmitting light 
without decomposition. • 

achromatic-lens (-lenz), a lens free 
from chromatic aberration. 

achromatize (ak-ro'ma-tiz), v.t. to 
deprive of the power of transmitting 
color; to render achromatic. 

achromatous (ak-ro'ma-tus), adj. 
without color. 

acid (as'id), adj. sour and sharp or 
biting to the taste, as vinegar: n. 
anything sour; the name applied to 
a large number of compounds con- 
taining one or more atoms of hydro- 
gen which may be displaced by a 
metal. 

acidic (a-sid'ik), adj. containing a 
large proportion of the acid element; 
opposed to basic. 

acidify (a-sid'i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
acidified, p.pr. acidifying], to make 
acid; -convert into an acid; sour; 
embitter. 

acidity (a-sid'i-ti), n. the quality of 
being acid or sour. 

acidulate (a-sid'u-lat), v.t. to render 
slightly acid. 



ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ACIDULENT 



18 



ACQUITTANCE 



acidulent (a-sid'ii-lent), adj. some- 
what acid; tart; peevish. 

acidulous (a-sid'u-lus), adj. slightly 
sour; subacid. 

aciform (as'i-form), adj. needle- 
shaped. 

acinaceous (as-i-na"shus), adj. con- 
sisting of or full of kernels* as the 
grape, mulberry, &c. 

acknowledge (ak-nol'ej), v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. acknowledged, p.pr. acknowl- 
edging], to admit or own to be true; 
recognize, confess; admit the re- 
ceipt of. 

acknowledgment (ak-nol'ej-ment) 
n. the a t of acknowledging; the ad- 
mission or recognition of a truth 
confession; the expression of appre- 
ciation of a favor or benefit con- 
ferred; a receipt. 

aclinic (a-klin'ik), adj. without in- 
clination. 

aclinic-line (-lin), n. the imaginary 
point near the equator where the 
magnetic needle has no dip. 

acme (ak'me), n. the highest point; 
the utmost reach; the crisis of a 
disease. 

acne (ak'ne), n. a pustular eruption 
of the body, chiefly confined to the 
face, shoulders and chest. 

acock-bill (-bil), adv. with the ends 
directed upwards, as of an 1 anchor 
or yards of a shio. 

acology (a-koro-ji), n. the scie'nce of 
remedies. 

acolyte (ak'o-llt), or acolyth (ak'd- 
lith & -lith), n. the highest of 
the minor orders in the Roman 
Catholic Church, ranking next be- 
low the subdeacon. 

acomia (a-ko'mi-a), n. absence of 
hair, usually due to skin disease. 

aconite (ak'5-nit), n. the plant 
wolf's-bane or monk's-hood; the 
drug prepared from the plant. 

acorn (a/korn), n. the fruit of the 
oak; a corneal piece of wood affixed 
to the spindle above a vane, to 
keep the vane from being blown off. 

acotyledon (a-kot-i-le'dun), ». a 
plant whose seeds (spores) are not 



furnished with cotyledons (seed- 
lobes). 

acoumeter (a-kou'- & a-koo'me-ter), 
n. an instrument to test the power of 
hearing, or sensibility to sound. 

acoustics (a-kous'- & a-koos'tiks), 
the science of sound; the study of 
the effects of sound upon the organ 
of hearing. 

acoustometer (a-kos-tom'e-ter), n. 
an apparatus for testing the acoustic 
properties of an auditorium. 

acquaint (ak-kwanf), v.t f to famil- 
iarize or make one's self conversant 
with; furnish information. 

acquaintance (ak-kwant'ans), n. the 
state of being acquainted with a 
person or subject; personal knowl- 
edge less than friendship; a person 
with whom one is acquainted. 

acquiesce (ak-kwi-es')> v.i. to agree* 
comply passively; assent [followed 
usually by in], 

acquiescence (ak-kwi-es'ens), n. the 
act of submitting; silent assent; 
neglect to take legal proceedings, so 
as to imply consent. 

acquirable (ak-kwir'a-bl), adj. cap- 
able of being acquired. 

acquire (ak-kwir'), v.t. to gain or ob- 
tain possession of by one's own 
physical or intellectual exertions. 

acquisition (ak-kwi-zish'un). n. the 
act of acquiring; the object ac- 
quired. 

acquisitive (ak-kwiz'i-tiv), adj. hav- 
ing a propensity to acquire; greedily 



acquisitiveness (-nes), n. the pro* 
pensity to acquire. 

acquit (ak-kwitO, v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
acquitted, p.pr. acquitting], to re- 
lease; set free; discharge; to pro- 
nounce not guilty. 

acquittal (ak-kwit'al), n. the act of t 
releasing or acquitting; the state 
of being acquitted; the Judicial pro- 
nouncement of <4 not guilty." 

acquittance (ak-kwit'ans), n. a dis- 
charge or release from debt or other 
liability; a receipt barring a further 
demand. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ACRE 



19 



ACUPRESSURE 



sions of a drama; a thesis main- 
tained by a candidate for a degree 
at a university: v.t. to do; perform; 
play, as on the stage; set in motion: 
v.i. to exert force or energy. 
actinism (ak'tin-izm), n. that prop- 
erty of the sun's rays which pro- 
duces chemical action. -* 
acre-foot (a/ker-foot), n. a term used actionable (ak'shun-ll-bl), adj. giv- 

in practical irrigation, designating ing grounds for an action at law. 

the amount of water necessary to active (ak'tiv), adj. endowed with or 



cover one acre to the depth of one 
foot; equivalent to 43,560 cubic 
feet, or a cubic foot per second for 
twelve hours. 
acrid (ak'rid), adj. sharp or biting to 
the taste; pungent; irritating; sting- 
ing: n. an acrid or irritant poison. 



exercising the power or quality of 
action; constantly active; the per- 
formance and not the continuance 
of an action; lively, moving freely; 
acting quickly. 
activity (ak-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. activities 
(-tiz) ], energy; the state of action. 



acridity (ak-rid'i-ti), n. the quality actor ( a k'ter), n. one who acts or per 



of being acrid, 
acrimonious (ak-ri-mo'ni-us), 
bitter; caustic; stinging. 



forms; a stage-player; a proctor or 
*v' advocate in civil causes. 

actress (ak'tres), n. a female actor. 



acrimony (ak'ri-mo-m), n. sharp- actual (ak'tu-al), adj. real; existing; 
ness of temper; bitterness of ex- present. 



actuality (ak-tii-al'i-ti), n. [pi. actu- 
alities (-tiz) ], the state of being real 
or actual; that which is in full exis- 
tence. 



pression. 

acrobat (ak'ro-bat), n. a performer 
on the tight-rope; one who practices 
tumbling, vaulting, trapezing, &c. 

acrolith (ak'ro-Hth) n. a sculptured actualization (ak'tu-al-i-za'shun) 
figure, the head and extremities of making actual, 
which are of stone and the rest of 
wood. . 

acrophobia (ak'r5-fo'bi-a), n. mor- 
bid fear of being on an elevation, as 
at the top of a building. 

acropolis (a-krop'o-Iis), n. the high- 
est part or citadel of a Grecian 



actuary (ak'tu-a-ri), n. [pi. actuaries 
(-riz) ], a registrar or clerk of a 
court; one who is skilled in life as- 
surance and similar computations. 

actuate (ak'tu-at), v.t. to move or 
incite to action. 



city/as that of Athens, hence a cit- "X^JftS**** : ±J}j> 

adel. 
across (a-kros'), adv. & prep, from 

side to side; transversely; adverse- 
ly; athwart; intersecting at an 

angle. 
acrostic (a-kros'tik), n. a composition, 

usually in verse, in which the first 

or last letters of the lines, or other 



state of being actuated or impelled. 

aculeate (a-ktile-at), adj. equipped 
with a sting; having aculei or sharp 
prickles: n. certain insects furnished 
with stings, as the bee. 

acumen (a-ku'men), n. quickness of 
perception; penetration; insight; dis- 
crimination. 



letters, taken in order, form a motto, acuminate (a-ku'min-at), adj. end 



ing in a sharp point. 



phrase, name, or word. 
act (akt), n. an action; process of do- acupress (ak'u-pres), v.t. to 
ing; a decree, edict, or enactment; hemorrhage by acupressure 
the judgment of a court; a formal acupressure 
writing; one of the principal divi 



check 



(ak'u-presh'er), n. a 
method of checking hemorrhage in 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ACUTE 



20 



ADIEU 



arteries during amputations by nee- 
dles or wire. 

acute (a-kut'), adj. sharp-pointed; 
intellectually sharp; quick of per- 
ception; severe, as pain or symp- 
toms attending a disease; high in 
pitch; shrill. 

adage (ad'aj), n. an ancient proverb, 
or pithy saying. 

adagio (a-daj'i-o), a term in music, 
indicating a somewhat slower tempo. 

Adam's ale (ad'amz al), n. water. 

Adam's apple (ap-1), n. a lofty spe- 
cies of the banana; the prominence 
in front of the throat, especially con- 
spicuous in males. 

adamant (ad'a-mant) n. a substance 
of extreme hardness; the diamond: 
adj. formed of adamant; hard. 

adamantine (ad-a-man'tin), adj. 
made of adamant; impenetrable. 

adapt, (a-dapf), v.t. to make to cor- 
respond; fit by alteration or adapta- 
tion. 

adaptability (a-dap-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being adaptable. 

adaptation (ad-ap-ta/shun), n. the 
act of adjusting or adapting; the 
state of being adapted; that which 
is adapted. 

addendum (ad-den'dum), n. [pi. ad- 
denda (-da) ], an appendix. 

adder (ad'er), n. the popular name 
for the viper. 

addict (ad-dikf), v.t. to devote or 
give one's self up to; to practice 
sedulously (usually in a bad sense). 

addition (ad-dish'un), n. the act or 
process of adding together; increase; 
the result of addition; the thing 
added; the adding or uniting of two 
or more numbers in one sum; a title 
added to a name, denoting rank, as 
esquire; a dot placed at the side of a 
note to indicate the lengthening of 
the sound by one-half. 

additive (ad'di-tiv), adj. that may be, 
or is to be, added. 

addle (ad'l), n. & adj. rotten, as eggs 
that are barren or putrid; v.t. to 
make corrupt or putrid, as eggs: v.i. 
to become addled. 



addle-headed (adl-hed'ed), or addle- 
pated (ad-1-pa'ted), adj. stupid; 
weak-brained; muddled. 

address (ad-dres'), v.t. to straighten; 
to bring into line; to arrange, re- 
dress, as wrongs, &c; to direct; 
speak or write to; get ready; con- 
sign: n. a speech delivered or writ- 
ten; ^ manners and bearing; tact; 
adroitness; the attention of a lover. 

addressee (ad-dres-e'), n. one who is 
addressed. 

adduce (ad-dus'), v.t. to bring for- 
ward or cite in proof or substantia- 
tion of what is alleged. 

adducent (ad-du'sent), adj. bringing 
forward or together. 

adducible (ad-du'si-bl), adj. capable 
of being adduced. 

adductive (ad-duk'tiv), adj. bringing 
forward. 

adductor (ad-duk'ter), n. one who 
draws to. 

adductor muscles (mus'lz), n. pi. 
muscles which draw certain parts to 
a common center. 

adenoid (ad'e-noid), n. a swelling of 
the tissue in the roof of the naso- 
pharynx. 

adept (a-depf), adj. well skilled: n. 
one who is fully proficient or skilled 
in an art. 

adequacy (ad'e-kwa-si), n. sufficiency 
for a particular purpose. 

adequate (ad'e-kwat), adj. equal to 
requirement or occasion; fully suffi- 
cient. 

adhere (ad-her'), v.i. to stick fast; 
become firmly attached to. 

adherence (ad-her'ens), n. the act or 
state of adhering; unwavering at- 
tachment. 

adherent (ad-her'ent), adj. adher- 
ing; sticking: n. one who adheres; 
a follower of a party or leader. 

adhesion (ad-he'zhun), n. the state 
or act of adhering. 

adhesive - (ad-he'siv), adj. holding 
fast; gummed for use; sticky. 

adieu (a-du'), n. [pi. adieus, adieux 
(a-diizO], a farewell; good wishes 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ADIT 



21 



ADMISSIBLE 



at parting: interj. goodby; fare- 
well. 

adit (ad'it), n. an entrance or pas- 
sage; an entrance to a mine more 
or less horizontal. 

adjacency (ad-ja'sen-si), n. the 
state of being close or contiguous. 

adjacent (ad-ja'sent), adj. near; 
close to. 

adjectival (ad-jek-ti'val), adj. of the 
nature of an adjective. 

adjective (ad'jek-tiv), n. a word 
used with a substantive or noun to 
express the quality or attribute of 
the thing named, or to limit and de- 
fine a'thing as distinct from some- 
thing else. 

adjoin (ad-join 7 ), v.t. to unite or 
join: v.i. to He next to. 

adjourn (ad-jern'), v.t. to put off to 
another day. 

adjournment (ad-jern'ment), n. the 
act of adjourning; the postponement 
of a meeting. 

adjudge (ad-juj'), v.t. to determine 

in a controversy. 
adjudicate (ad-ju'di-kat), v.t. to try 

and determine a case as a court. 
adjudication (ad-ju'di-ka'shun), n. 

the act of determining judicially; a 

judicial sentence. 
adjudicator (a-ju'di-ka-ter), n. one 

who adjudicates. 
adjunct (ad'jungkt), n. something 

added to another thing, but not an 

essential part of it. 
adjunctive (ad-jungk'tiv), adj. hav- 
ing the quality of joining or uniting. 
adjunctly (ad-jungkt-li), adv. in 

connection with. 
adjuration (ad-ju-ra'shun), n. the 

solemn charging on oath; the form 

of an oath. 
adjure (ad-jur'), v.t to command on 

oath under pain of a penalty; to 

charge solemnly. 
adjust (ad-just 7 ), v.t. to fit, or make 

exact; to make correspondent; to 

make accurate. 
adjuster (ad-jus'ter), n. one who 

regulates or adjusts. 



adjutancy (ad'ju-t&n-si), n. the office 
of an adjutant. 

adjutant (ad'ju-tant), n. a regimen- 
tal staff-officer who assists the 
commanding officer. 

adjutant-general (-jen'er-al), . [pi. 
adjutants-general], the chief staff- 
officer of an army, through whom 
all orders, &c, are received and is- 
sued by the general commanding. 

admeasure (ad-mezh'ur), v.t. to 
measure dimensions; apportion. 

administer (ad-min'is-ter), v.t. to 
manage as chief agent or minister, as 
a king, president, or judge; direct 
the application of the laws; dispense; 
to cause to be taken, as medicine; to 
give, as an oath or a sacrament. 

administerial (ad - min - is - ter'i - al) , 
adj. pertaining to administration. 

administrate (ad-min'is-trlt-bl) , 
adj. capable of being administered. 

administration (ad-min-is-tra/- 
shun), n. the act of administering, 
as government, justice, medicine, a 
sacrament, or an intestate's estate; 
the ministry. 

administrative * (ad-mLu'is-tra-tiv), 
adj. pertaining to administration. 

admi nistrator (ad-min-is-tra/ter) , 
n. one who administers affairs; one 
who settles the estate of an intestate. 

administratrix (-tra'triks), n. a 
female administrator. 

admirable (ad'mi-ra-bl), adj. wor- 
thy of admiration; excellent. 

admiral (ad'mi-ral), n. the chief 
commander of a fleet; a naval offi- 
cer of the highest rank. 

Admiralty (ad'mi-ral-ti), n. [pi. 
Admiralties (-tiz)], the department 
of the English government having 
authority over naval affairs; the 
building in which British naval af- 
fairs are transacted; the office of an 
admiral. 

admiration (ad-mi-ra'shun), n. won- 
der excited by beauty or exellence 

admire (ad-mir'), v.t. to regard with 
strong approval. 

admissible (ad-mis'i-bl), adj. wor- 
thy of being admitted. 



;, £rm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ADMISSION 



22 



ADVENTITIOUS 



admission (ad-mish'un), n. the 
power or permission to enter; the 
granting of an argument. 

admit (ad-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ad- 
mitted, p.pr. admitting], to permit 
to enter; allow in argument; receive. 

admittance (ad-mit 'ans), n. the 
power or permission to enter. 

admix (ad-miks'), v.t. to mix with 
something else. 

admixture (ad-miks'tur), n. a com- 
pound of substances mixed together. 

admonish (ad-mon'ish), v.t. to re- 
prove gently; warn; instruct. 

admonition (ad-mo-nish'un), n. 
friendly reproof or warning. 

admonitory (ad-mon'i-to-ri), adj. 
conveying reproof or warning. 

adnascent (ad-nas'ent), adj. grow- 
ing upon something else. 

adnate (ad'nat), adj. with organic 
cohesion of unlike parts. 

ado (a-dooO, n. bustle; trouble. 

adobe (a-do'ba), n. unburnt brick 
dried in the sun, used for building 
in Central America and Mexico. 

adolescence (ad-6-les'ens), n. the 
period of life between puberty and 
maturity; youth. 

adolescent (ad-5-les'ent), adj. grow- 
ing to maturity. 

adopt (a-dopf), v.t. to choose or take 
to one's self, as a child, an opinion, 
or a course of action. 

adoption (a-dop'shun), n. the act of 
adopting; the state of being adopt- 
ed; voluntary acceptance; admis- 
sion into more intimate relations. 

adorable (a-dor'a-bl), adj. worthy of 
worship. 

adoration (ad-o-ra'shun), n. the act 
of worship. 

adore (a-dor), v.t. to pay divine 
honors to; honor highly; love in- 
tensely; admire greatly; v.i. to of- 
fer worship. 

adorn (a-d6rn), v.t. to beautify; dig- 
nify; ornament; embellish. 

adown (a-doun') , adv. & prep, down- 
ward; down. 

adrift (a-driff), adj. & adv. floating 
at random. 



adroit (a-droif), adj. exhibiting 
skill; dextrous. 

adulation (ad-u-la'shun), n. inter- 
ested praise; flattery. 

adulator (ad'u-la-ter), n. a flatterer. 

adulatory (ad'u-la-to-ri) , adj. flat- 
tering. 

adult (a-dultO, adj. grown up to full 
age, size, and strength; n. a man or 

a woman. 

adulterant (a-dul'ter-ant), adj. adult- 
terating: n. the person or thing that 
adulterates. 

adulterate (a-dul'ter-at), v.t. to cor- 
rupt by baser admixture: adj. cor- 
rupted by baser admixture. 

adulterator (a-dul'ter-a-ter), n. one 
who corrupts or adulterates. 

adulterer (a-dul'ter-er), n. a man 
who commits adultery. 

adulteress (-es), n. a woman who 
commits adultery. 

adulterous (a-dul'ter-us), adj. guilty 
of adultery. 

adultery (a-dul'ter-i) , n. [pi. adulteries 
(-iz)], violation of the marriage-bed. 

adumbrant (ad-um'brant) adj. shad- 
owing forth. 

adumbrate (ad-um'brat), v.t. to 
shadow forth; give a faint resem- 
blance of. 

adumbrative (ad-um'br&r-tiv), adj. 
faintly representing; typical. 

aduncous (ad-ung'kus), adj. hooked, 
as a parrot's bill. • 

advance (ad-vans') v.i. to go for- 
ward; v.t. to further; to make a 
payment of beforehand; n. improve- 
ment; an addition to or rise in 
value; an overture (usually used in 
pi.) ; a loan; payment beforehand. 

advantage (ad- van' taj), n. a state 
of advance or forwardness; a ben- 
efit; the first point gained after deuce. 

advantageous (ad-van-ta'jus), adj. 
of advantage; beneficial. 

advent (ad-vent) , n. a coming or ar- 
rival. 

Advent (ad'vent), n. the period in- 
cluding the four Sundays before 
Christmas. 

adventitious (ad-ven-tish'us), adj. 



fite, arm, ask. at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ADVENTUAL 



I tuitous; accidental; produced out 
I of normal and regular order. 

adventual (ad-ven'tti-al), adj. relat- 
* ing to the season of Advent. 

adventure (ad-ven'ttir), n. an event 
the issue of which is determined 1 by 
chance: v.t. to hazard or risk. 

adventurer (ad-ven'tur-er), n. one 
who undertakes adventures; a spec- 
ulator; one who seeks social distinc- 
tion by false or specious pretenses. 

adventuress ('tur-es), n. a female 
adventurer; (usually in a bad 
sense). 

adventuresome (ad-ven'tur-sum), or 
adventurous (ad-ven'tur-us), adj. 
inclined to incur risk; full of risk; 
daring. 

adverb (ad'verb), n. a word used to 
modify the sense of a verb or adjec- 
tive. 

adverbial (ad-verTn-al), adj. of the 
nature of an adverb. 

adversary (ad'ver-sar-i), n. [pi. ad- 
versaries (-iz)], an opponent. 

adversative (ad-ver'sa-tiv), adj. ex- 
pressing opposition. 

adverse (ad'vers), adj. opposed to: 
contrary; unfortunate; inimical. 

adversity (ad-ver'si-ti), n. a state 
of things adverse; the reverse of 
prosperity; misery. 

advert (ad-vert'), v.i. to turn one's 
attention to; refer. 

advertence (ad-ver'tens), n. attention. 

advertise (ad'ver-tiz), v.t. to turn the 

; attention of others to; announce; 
publish. 

advertisement (ad-ver'tiz-ment), n. 
a notice in a public print; an an- 
nouncement. 

advice (ad-vis 7 ), n. an opinion given 
for the practical direction of conduct; 
information given by letter; counsel. 

advisable (ad-vi'za-bl), adj. fit to be 
advised; prudent; expedient. 

advisability (ad-viz-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being advisable; desira- 
bility. 

advise (ad-viz'), v.t. to offer an opin- 
ion to; counsel; inform. 



23 



AERIFY 



advisory (ad-vi'zo-ri), adj. having 
power to advise; containing advice. 

advocacy (ad'vo-ka-si), n. the act of 
pleading for. 

advocate (ad'vo-kat), n. one called 
to the aid of another; one who 
pleads the cause of anothe 

advocator (ad'vo-ka-ter), n. an ad- 
vocate; a supporter. 

advolution (ad-vo-lii'shun), n. evo- 
lution philosophically considered 
with regard to its ultimate trend. 

advowee (ad-vou-e'), n. one who has 
an advowson; the patron of a living. 

advowson (ad-vou'zn), n. the right 
of presentation to a benefice. 

adynamia (a-din-a/mi-a), n. great 
debility; physical weakness. 

adze or adz (adz), n. a cutting tool 
having a curved blade at right an- 
gles to the handle, used for dressing 
timber by ships' carpenters, coopers, 
&c. adze-plane, a tool for molding 
and rabbeting. 

eedile or edile (e'dil), n. a Roman 
magistrate who exereised supervi- 
sion over the temples, public and 
private buildings, the markets, pub- 
lic games, sanitation, &c, hence a 
municipal officer. 

seolian harp (e-o'li-an harp), n. a 
stringed instrument, the wires of 
which are set in motion by air. 

aeon or eon (e'on), n. a period of im- 
mense duration; an age. 

aerate (a/er-at), v.t. to combine or 
charge with carbonic-acid gas, or 
with air. 

aerated bread (bred), n. bread raised 
by charging the dough with carbonic- 
acid gas. 

aeration (a-er-a'shun), n. the act of 
aerating; oxygenation of the blood 
by exposure to the air in respiration. 

aerial (a-e'ri-al), adj. belonging to 
the air. 

aeriform (a/er-i-form), adj. having 
the form of air; gaseous. 

aerify (a'er-i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. aeri- 
fied, p.pr. aerifying], to combine 
with air. 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



AERODROME 



24 



AFFIRMATIVE 



aerodrome (a'er-5-drom), n. a place 
to exhibit flying machines. 

aero-dynamics (a-er-6-di-nam'iks), 
n. the science which treats of air in 
motion. 

aerogram (a/er-o-gram), n. a wire- 
less telegraph message. 

aerolite (a/er-o-lit), n. a meteorite. 

aeronaut (a'er-o-nawt), n. an aerial 
navigator; a balloonist. 

aeronautics (a-er-o-naw'tiks), n. 
aerial navigation. 

aerophone (a'er-o-fon), n. an instru- 
ment invented by Edison for in- 
creasing the intensity of sound. 

aerophor (a'er-o-fer), n. an appara- 
tus used in spinning-factories to 
moisten the air, to counteract the 
electricity produced by the friction 
of the machinery. 

aerophyte (a'er-o-fit), n. an air- 
plant; a parasitical plant. 

aeroplane (a'er-o-plan), n. a flying 
machine, distinguished from an air- 
ship or balloon. 

aerostat (a'er-o-stat), n. a balloon; 
a flying machine. 

aerostatic (a-er-5-stat'ik), or aero- 
statical (-al), adj. pertaining to 
aerostatics. 

aerostatics (a-er-o-stat'iks), n. the 
science which treats of the equilib- 
rium of bodies sustained in air. 

aery (er-i), n. an eagle's nest; a 
brood of eagles or hawks. 

eestheticism (es-thet'i-sizm), n. love 
for, or devotion to, the beautiful. 

aesthetics or esthetics (es-thet'iks), n. 
the science or theory of the beautiful, 
in taste and art. 

aether. See ether. 

aethrioscope (eth'ri-o-skop), n. an 
instrument for measuring changes 
of temperature of the sky, as when 
clear or clouded. 

afar (a-far')> adv. at, to, or from, a 
distance. 

affability (af-a-bil'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being affable. 

affable (af'a-bl), adj. easy to be ad- 
dressed; courteous. 



affair (af-ar'), n. that which is done 
or is to be done; business. 

affect (af-fekf), v.t. to produce an 
effect upon; seek by natural affinity; 
assume the appearance of; pretend. 

affectation (af-ek-ta/shun), n. the 
assuming a manner which is not 
one's own. 

affecting (af-fek'ting), adj. having 
power to excite the emotions; pa- 
thetic. 

affection (af-fek'shun), n. having the 
feelings affected; inclination; attach- 
ment; fondness; disease. 

affectional (af-fek'shun-al), adj. re- 
lating to the affections. 

affectionate (af-fek'shun-at), adj. 
having affection; kind. 

afferent (af'fer-ent), adj. conveying 
inwards or to a part. 

affiance (af-fi'ans), n. trust; a mar- 
riage-contract; v.t. to betroth. 

affidavit (af-i-da/vit), n. a sworn 
statement in writing. 

affiliable (af-firi-a-bl), adj. capable 
of being affiliated. 

affiliate (af-fil'i-at), v.t. to assign a 
child to its father; connect with in 
origin; connect with a parent society: 
v.i. to be intimately connected or 
associated (followed by with). 

affiliation (af-fil-i-a/shun), n. assign- 
ment of a child to its father; connec- 
tion by way of descent. 

affinity (af-fin'i-ti), n. [pi. affinities 
(-tiz) ], nearness of kin. [Affinity is 
relationship by marriage; consan- 
guinity, relationship by blood.] Phys- 
ical or chemical attraction; a rela- 
tionship between species or groups 
depending on similarity of structure. 

affirm (afferm'), v.t. to assert strong- 
ly: v.i. to confirm, as a judgment, 
decree, or order, in an appellate 
court; aver. 

affirmance (af-fer'mans), n. confir- 
mation. 

affirmant (af-fer'mant), n. one who 
affirms; one who affirms instead of 
taking an oath. 

affirmative (af-fer'ma-tiv), n. that 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



AFFIX 



25 



AGILITY 



which affirms; adj. relating to, or 

containing, an affirmation; positive. 
affix (af-fix'), v.t. to fix to; attach: 

n. a letter or syllable added to the 

end of a word; a suffix. 
latus (af-fla/tus), n. a breath or 

blast of wind; inspiration 

lict (af-flikf), v.t. to cause prolonged 

pain to body or mind; distress. 

Miction (af-flik'shun), n. prolonged 

pain of body or mind; distress, 
iffluence (af'lu-ens), n. an abundant 

supply, as of thoughts, words, riches, 

wealth. 
lux (af'luks), n. an increase; an 

influx. 

Ford (af-ford'), v.t. to supply; pro- 
duce; j r ield; be capable of bearing 

the expense of. 
affranchise (af-fran'shiz), v.t. to 

make free; enfranchise. 
affray (af-fra/), n. the fighting of two 

or more persons in a public place to 

the terror of others. 
affright (af-frlf), v.t. to frighten; 

terrify; alarm; confuse. 
affront (af-frunf), v.t. to confront, 

oppose face to face; insult designedly. 
affusion (af-fu'zhun), n. the act of 

pouring upon. 
afghan (af'gan), n. a crocheted or 

knitted soft wool blanket or carriage- 
robe. 
afraid (a-frad'), adj. frightened. 
afresh (a-fresh'), adv. again; anew. 
African (af'rik'in), adj. pertaining 

to Africa; also Afric: n. a native 

of Africa. 
aft (aft'), adj,& adv. towards the stern. 
aftermath (-math), n. a second 

mowing in a season. 
again (I-gen'), adv. a second time; 

in return; further; anew. 
against (a-gensf), prep, opposite to; 

in opposition to; contrary to one's 

inclinations. 
agape (a-gap'), adj. & adv. gaping; 

with the mouth wide open in a state 

of expectation or astonishment. 
agate (ag'at), n. a precious stone, a 

variety of chalcedony; Scotch pebble. 
agave (a-ga/ve), n. a genus of 



amaryllidaceous plants of tropical 
and semi-tropical America of which 
the century plant, or American aloe, 
is the best known. 

agency (a'jen-si), n. operation; ac- 
tion; an establishment for the pur- 
pose of doing business for another. 

agent (a'jent), n. one who acts, espe- 
cially for another; an active power 
or cause. 

agglomerate (ag-glom'er-at), v.t. to 
gather into a heap; accumulate. 

agglomeration (ag-glom-er-a'shun) , 
n. a heap. 

agglomerative (ag-glom'er-a-tiv), adj. 
tending to gather together. 

agglutinant (ag-glu'ti-nant), adj. 
uniting: n. any sticky substance 
which causes bodies to adhere to- 
gether. 

agglutinate (ag-glu'ti-nat), v.t. to 
glue together: adj. glued together. 

aggrandize (ag'gran-diz), v.t. to make 
great or greater in power, rank, or 
riches; augment. 

aggravate (ag-gra-vat), v.t. to add to 
a load; be troublesome; intensify. 

aggravating (ag'gra-va-ting), p.adj. 
making worse or more heinous. 

aggregate (ag'gre-gat), v.t. to collect 
or bring together; gather into a 
mass or body; accumulate: n. total; 
mass; a mass formed by the union 
of similar particles : adj. formed into 
a mass or total. 

aggregative (ag'gre-ga-tiv), adj. 
collective; social. 

aggress (ag-gres'), v.i. to attack; 
begin a quarrel or controversy. 

aggression (ag-gresh'un), n. unpro- 
voked attack. 

aggressive (ag-gres'iv), adj. unjustly 
attacking. - 

aggressor (ag-gres'er), n. one who 
attacks 

aggrieve (ag-greV), v.t. to bear 
heavily upon; oppress. 

aghast (a-gasf), adj. struck with 
sudden astonishment, or terror. 

agile (aj'il), adj. easily driven about; 
active in body; nimble. 

agility (a-jil'i-ti), n. nimbleness. 



ate, arm. ask. at. awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



AGIO 



26 



AIDE-DE-CAMP 



agio (a'ji-6), n. [pi. agios (-5z)], 
the premium on money or foreign 
bills of exchange; discount. 

agiotage (aj'i-o-taj), n. exchange 
business; stock-jobbing. 

agitable (aj'i-ta-bl), adj. capable 
of being moved, or debated; debata- 
ble. 

agitate (aj'i-tat), v.t. to stir vio- 
lently j discuss; excite; revolve in 
the mind; disturb; keep constantly 
before the public. 

agitation (aj-i-ta/shun), n. the act 
of agitating; excitement; discus- 
sion. 

agitator (aj'i-ta-ter), n. one who 
starts or keeps up a political or 
other agitation; an implement for 
stirring. 

aglow (a-glo'), adj. & adv. in a glow; 
glowing. 

aglutition (ag-lu-tish'un), n. ina- 
bility to swallow. 

agnail (ag'nal), n. a sore under or 
near the nail; a whitlow. 

agnomen (ag-no'men), n. an addi- 
tional name or epithet, as Milton, 
the poet. 

agnostic (ag-nos'tik), n. one who 
denies that man possesses any 
knowledge of the ultimate nature of 
things; one who neither affirms nor 
denies the existence of a personal 
Deity: adj. pertaining to the agnos- 
tics or their teachings; expressing 
ignorance. 

agnosticism (ag-nos'ti-sizm„ n. the 
doctrines of the agnostics. 

ago (a-go'), adj. gone; past (used 
always after the noun): adv. in 
past time (used only in the phrase 
long ago). 

agog (a-gogO, adj. & adv. in agita- 
tion or expectation; eager. 

agoing (a-go'ing), adv. on the go- 
ing; in motion. 

agonistics (ag-o-nis'tiks), » the 
science of athletic combats. 

agonize (ag'-o-niz), v.i. to suffer 
anguish, make convulsive efforts: 
v.t. to torture. 



agony (ag'5-ni), n. [pi. agonies 
(-niz)], extreme pain; anguish. 

agrarian (a-gra/ri-an), adj. relating 
to land, or to land-tenure; growing 
wild in the fields: n. one who is in 
favor of a redistribution of land. 

agrarianism (a-gra/ri-an-ism), n. 
the principle of a uniform division 
of land; agitation with respect to 
land-tenure. 

agree (a-gre'), v.i. to harmonize phys- 
ically, mentally, or morally; to ac- 
cord. 

agreeability (a-gre-a-bil'i-ti), n. 



agreeable (a-gre'a-bl), adj. pleasing 
to the mind or senses. 

agreement (a-gre'ment), n. harmony 
of opinions or feelings; concord of 
one word with another in gender, 
number, case, or person; a com- 
pact; a contract; mutual under- 
standing. 

agricultural (ag-ri-kul'tur-al), adj. 
pertaining to tillage. 

agriculture (ag'ri-kul-tur), n. the 
science and art of cultivating fields 
by the plow, &c; tillage; farming. 

agriculturist (ag-ri-kul'tur-ist), n. 
one engaged in tillage; a farmer. 

agronomy (a-gron'o-mi), n. scien- 
tific agriculture, with particular 
reference to general farm crops. 

aground (a-ground'), adj. & adv. on 
the ground; the situation of a ship 
whose bottom touches the ground; 
stranded. 

ague (a/gu), n. an intermittent fever; 
the cold fit of the intermittent fever. 

ague-cake (-kak), n. an enlargement 
of the spleen produced by ague. 

aguish m (a'gu-ish), adj. having the 
qualities of an ague: producing 
ague; intermittent. 

ahoy (a-hoiO, inter j. a term used in 
hailing a vessel. 

ahull (a-huT), adv. with sails furled 
and helm lashed alee: said of a ship 
in a storm. 

aid (ad), v.t. to assist; support; n. 
help; assistance. 

aide-de-camp (ad'de-kong), n. [p. 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



AIGRET 



27 



ALBUMEN 



an officer who as- ait. See eyot. 

ajar (a-jar'), adj. & adv. slightly 
turned or opened, as a door. 

ajog (a-jog'), adv. on the jog; jog- 
ging. 

akimbo (k-khn'hd), adv. with the 
hands on the hips and the elbows 
turned outwards. 

akin (a-kin'), adj. & adv. of kin; re- 
lated by blood; allied by nature. 

alabaster (al'a-bas-ter), n. a white 

marble-like mineral; a box made of 

alabaster, in which the ancients held 

ointments. 

and lower planes, to steady the ma- alack (a-lak'), inter j. an exclamation 



chine. 

ailment (al'ment), n. a slight dis- 
order of the body; sickness. 

aim (am), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. 
-ing], to endeavor after; direct at 
something; seek: n. a purpose;, an 
endeavor. 

air-brake (ar-brak), n. an automatic 
brake invented by George Westing- 
house operated by a reduction in air 
pressure and hence coming into 
action whenever^ a break occurs in 
the pipe containing compressed air. 

air-gas (-gas), n. an illuminating 
gas made from air charged with the 
vapor of petroleum, naphtha, &c. 

air-gun (-gun), n. a gun discharged 
by the elastic force of condensed air. 

airily (ar'i-li), adv. in an airy man- 
ner; gaily. 

airiness (ar'i-nes), n. the state of 
being airy; gaiety. 

air-line (-lin), n. a straight line. 
Also called a bee-line. 

air-plant (-plant), n. a plant which 
derives its nourishment from the air. 

air-pump (-pump), n. a machine 
for exhausting the air from a re- 
ceiver; the pump used to exhaust 
the water and gases from the con- 
denser of a steam-engine. 

airship (ar'ship), n. a steerable bal- 
loon. 



expressive of blame, sorrow, or sur- 
prise. 

alacrity (a-lak'ri-tij, n. eager readi- 
ness; joyous activity^ briskness. 

alalia (a-la/li-a), n. loss of speech by 
paralysis of the muscles. 

alalus (al'a-lus), n. the hypothetical 
ape-man. 

alamode (a-la-mod'), adv. in the 
fashion: adj. fashionable: n. a thin 
light, glossy black silk. 

alar _ (a'lar), adj. pertaining to or 
having wings; wing-shaped. 

alarm (a-larm'), v.t. arouse to a 
sense of danger; strike with appre- 
hension of danger: n. a call to arms; 
a warning of danger; the apprehen- 
sion of danger. 

albatross (aTba-tros), n. a sea-bird 
allied to the petrel; also name of a 
1916 German aeroplane. 

albeit (awl-be'it), conj. although; 
even though; notwithstanding. 

albino (al-bi'no), n. a person with 
white skin and hair and pinkish 
eyes; a man, animal, or plant ab- 
normally white in color. 

albugineous (al-bu-jin'e-us), adj. of 
the nature of white-of-egg; albumi- 
nous. 

album (al'bum), n. a blank book in 
which to insert autographs, photo- 
graphs, stamps, &c. 



airy (ar'i), adj. exposed to or composed albumen (al-bti'men), n. the white 



of air; breezy; unsubstantial; gay. 
aisle (II), n. a passageway between 
rows of seats. 



of an egg; the nutritious farina- 
ceous matter stored up with the em- 
bryo of an animal or plant. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ALARY 



28 



ALIGHT 



alary (a-la-ri), adj. of or pertaining 
to wings; wing-shaped. 

alate (a'lat) or alated (-ed), adj. 
having wings or wing-like side-ap- 
pendages. 

alb (alb), w. a white priestly vest- 
ment worn at the celebration of the 
Eucharist in the Roman Catholic 
Church and in some Anglican 
churches. 

albumenize (al-bfi'men-Iz), V.t. in 
photography, to coat paper with an 
albuminous solution. 

albumin (al-bu'min), n. a variant of 
albumen. 

albuminous (al-bu'mi-nus) or al- 
buminose (-nos), adj. like, or con- 
taining albumen. 

albuminuria (al-bu'mi-nu'ri-a), n. 
the presence of albumen in the kid- 
neys and the urine. 

alburnum (al-ber'num), n. the white 
and softer part of wood between the 
bark and the heart-wood; sap wood. 

alcalde (al-kal'da), n. a magistrate 
or justice in Spain or Portugal. 

alchemist (arke-mist), n. one who 
studies or practices alchemy. 

alchemy (allce-mi), n< the chemistry 
of the Middle Ages; the professed 
art of transmuting the baser metals 
into gold. 

alcohol (al'ko-hol), n. pure or recti- 
fied spirits of wine; the spirituous 
or intoxicating element in ferment- 
ed liquors; rectified spirits; a class 
of compounds of the same type as 
spirits of wine. 

alcoholism (al'ko-hol-izm), n. a dis- 
eased condition produced by alcohol. 

alcoholization (al-ko-hol-i-za'shun) , 
n. subjection to the influence of 
alcohol. . 

Alcoran (al'ko-ran & al-ko-ran'), n. 

the Koran; the Mohammedan Bible. 
alcove (al-kov'), n. a recess in a 

room or a garden; a bower. 
alder (awl'der), n. a genus of plants 

growing in moist land and related 

to the birch. 
alderman (awl'der-man), n.' } pi. 



aldermen (-men), in many cities o 
the United States a member of the 
common council or legislative body, 
chosen by popular vote. 

ale (al), n. a liquor made from an 
infusion of malt by fermentation. 

alee (a-le'), adv. & adj. on the lee or 
sheltered side of the ship; opposite 
to aweather. 

alert (a-lerf), adj. on the watch; active: 
n. an alarm; a sudden attack, 

alexandrine (al-eks-an'drin), n. a 
kind of heroic verse of six iambic 
feet, or twelve syllables. 

alfalfa (al'fal'fa), n. [see lucerne]. 

algae (al'je), n.pl. one of the great 
divisions of cryptogamic plants, 
including seaweeds and kindred 
fresh-water plants. 

algebra _ (al'je-bra) the science of 
calculation by general symbols. 

algine (al'jin), n. a substance ob- 
tained from seaweed, and used in 
manufactures instead of horn. 

alias (a'li-as), adv. otherwise [named]: 
n. [pi. aliases (-ez)], another name; 
an assumed name. 

alibi (al'i-bl), n. the plea of having 
been elsewhere when the alleged 
act was committed. 

alien (a/hVen), adj. belonging to an- 
other: n. a foreign-born resident of 
a country in which he is not nat- 
uralized. 

alienable (ali-en-a-bl), adj. capable of 
alienation; salable. 

alienability (a-li-en-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being alienable; sala- 
bility. 

alienage (ali-en-aj), n. the state or 
Jegal status of an alien. 

alienate (a'li-en-at), v.t. to estrange, 
as the affections; transfer to an- 
other, as property. 

alienism (a/li-en-izm), n. the posi- 
tion of being an alien; the study 
and treatment of mental diseases. 

aliform (all-form), adj. wing-shaped. 

alight (a-litO, v.i. to dismount; to 
descend and settle; to come upon 
accidentally: adj. lighted; lighted- 
up; in a flame. 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






ALIGN 



29 



ALLEGORY 



align (a-lin'), same as aline. 

alignment (a-lin'ment), 
alinement. 

alike (a-lik'), adj. like one another: 
adv. in like manner; similar. 

aliment (al'i-ment), n. food; the 
necessaries of life generally; an al- 
lowance for support by degree of 
court: ^v.t. to make provision for 
the maintenance of; make provision 
for the support of parents or chil- 
dren respectively. 

aliment al (al-i-men'tal), adj. hav- 
ing the quality of, or supplying the 
materials for, nourishing. 

alimentary (al-i-men'ta-ri), adj. per- 
taining to food; nutritious 

alimentary canal (ka-nal'), n. the 
great duct which conveys food to 
the stomach and carries off solid 
excreta. 

alimentation (al-i-men-ta'shun), n. 
the act of giving nourishment; the 
function of the alimentary canal. 

alimentiveness (al-i-men'tiv-nes), n. 
the instinct for food. 

alimony (aTi-mon-i), n. means of 
living; an allowance made by decree 
of court to a wife out of her hus- 
band's estate < on separation, or 
pending an action for the same. 

alinement (a-lin'ment), n. the act 
of laying out or adjusting by a 
line; the ground-plan of a railway 
or road. 

aliquant (aTi-kwant), adj. being a 
part of a number which does not 
divide it without a remainder, as 8 
is an aliquant part of 25.^ 

aliquot (al'i-kwot), adj. being a part 
of a number or quantity which will 
divide it without a remainder, as 8 
is an aliquot part of 24. 

alkahest (alTta-hest), n. the pre- 
tended universal solvent of the al- 
chemists. 

alkali (alTka-li & -li), n. [pi. alkalis 
& -ies], one of a class of caustic 
bases, as soda, potash, having the 
common properties of being soluble 
in water and in alcohol, combining 
with fats to form soap, neutralizing 



acids and forming salts with them, 
and changing the tint of many vege- 
table coloring-matters. 

alkaline (al'ka-lin & -lin), adj. per- 
taining to, or having the properties 
of, an alkali. 

alkaloid (al'ka-loid), n. a body or 
s^ substance containing alkaline prop- 
erties; pi. nitrogenous compounds 
met with in plants in combination 
with organic acids: adj. resembling 
an alkali in its properties. 

All-hallows (hal'oz), n.pl. All Saints' 
Day, celebrated on the first of No- 
vember, in honor of all the saints. 

All Souls' Day (solz da), n.pl. the 
day, celebrated second of November 
by the Roman Catholic Church, in 
honor of the departed. 

Allah (alia), n. the Arabic name for 
the Supreme Being, in use among 
the Mohammedans. 

allay (al-la'), v.t. to quiet or calm; 
a:suage; appease; abate; mitigate; 
relieve; as pain or grief. 

allegation (al-e-ga'shun), n. the act 
of alleging; assertion; declaration; 
that which is asserted or alleged; 
that which is offered as a plea; an 
excuse or justification; the state- 
ment of a party to a suit of that 
which he is prepared to prove. 

allege (al-lej'), v.t. to produce or 
adduce as argument, plea, or excuse; 
affirm ; declare ; assert. 

allegeable (al-lej 'a-bl), adj. that may 
be alleged or affirmed. 

allegiance (al-le'jans), n. the tie or 
obligation of a subject to his sover- 
eign or government; fealty; fidelity 
to a cause or person. 

allegoric (al-e-gor'ik) or allegorical 
(al-e-gor'i-kal), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or in the nature of 
allegory; figurative. 

allegorize (al'e-go-riz), v.t. to turn 
into allegory j to treat allegorically; 
to interpret m an allegorical sense: 
v.i. to make use of, or indulge in, 
allegory. 

allegory m (al'e-go-ri), n. {pi. allego- 
ries (-riz) ], a figurative manner of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; Bote, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ALLEVIATE 



30 



ALLOY 



treating a subject by the use of 
other terms analogous in properties 
or circumstances; a figurative rep- 
resentation in which the meaning is 
conveyed symbolically. 

alleviate (al-le'vi-at), v.t. to lighten; 
lessen; make easier; mitigate. 

alleviation (al-le-vi-a/shun), n. the 
act of alleviating; that which lessens 
or lightens. 

alleviator (al-le'vi-a-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, alleviates. 

alley (al'i), n. [pi. alleys (-iz) J, a 
passage; a way (generally narrow); 
a lane. 

alliaceous (al-i-a/shus), adj. of the 
nature or property of garlic or the 
onion. 

alliance (al-li'ans), n. the state of 
being allied; relation or connection 
by birth or marriage; union be- 
tween nations. 

allegation (al-i-ga/shun), n. a rule 
for ascertaining the value or price 
of a compound by determining the 
relative proportions and prices of 
the ingredients. 

alligator (ari-ga-ter), n. the Ameri- 
can crocodile. 

alliteration (al-lit-e-ra'shun),.n. the 
repetition of the same initial letter 
in closely-succeeding^ words, or in 
words directly following each other, 
as "apt alliteration's artful aid." 

alliterative (al-Ut'e-ra-tiv), adj. per- 
taining to, or characterized by, allite- 
ration. 

allocate < (al'o-kat), v.t. to assign or 
allot; distribute, as in equal or pro- 
portionate parts or shares. 

allocation (al-o-ka/shun), n. the act 
of allotting, allocating, or assigning; 
an allotment or assignment; an al- 
lowance made on account. 

allocution (al-o-ku'shun), n. an ad- 
dress of a formal nature, as that 
delivered by the Pope to his clergy 
or to the Church generally. 

allodial (a-lo'di-al), adj. freehold; not 
feudal: n. land thus held. 

allodium (a-lo'di-um), n. [pi. allo- 
dia (-a) ], freehold estate. 



allograph (al'd-graf), n. a signature 
by one person in behalf of another: 
opposed to autograph. 

allomorphism (al-o-m6r , fizm), n. the 
property in certain substances of as- 
suming a different form while re- 
maining the same in constitution. 

allopathy (al-op'a-thi), n. a method 
of treating disease by inducing an 
action opposite to the disease it is 
sought to cure; opposed to homoeop- 
athy. 

alloquialism (a-lo'kwi-al-izm), n. a 
phrase or manner of speech used in 



allot (a-lof), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. allotted, 
p.pr. allotting], to distribute or di- 
vide, as by lot; apportion, as shares; 
assign or grant for a specific pur- 
pose. 

allotee (al-lofrte'), n. one to whom 
an allotment is made. 

allotropism (a-lot'ro-pizm), n. di- 
versity of molecular arrangement. 

allotropy (a-lot'ro-pi), n. the capa- 
bility shown by certain chemical 
elements to assume different forms, 
each characterized by peculiar qual- 
ities, as the occurrence of carbon in 
the form of the diamond, charcoal, 
and plumbago, respectively. 

allow m (a-louO, v.t. to grant, yield; 
admit; deduct; permit; approve: 
v.i. to make concession or provision 
(followed by for). 

allowable (a-lou'abl), adj. that may 
be m allowed; permissible; lawful; 
praiseworthy; acceptable. 

allowance (a-lou'ans), n. the act 
of allowing; admission; concession; 
a definite sum granted; sanction or 
approval; abatement or deduction: 
v.t. to put upon allowance; limit to 
a fixed expenditure or consumption 
of money or food. 

alloy (a-loi r ), v.t. to combine; to form 
a compound, by fusion, of two or 
more metals; reduce in standard or 
quality by mixture, as with a metal 
of baser value; debase: n. a com- 
pound or fusion of two or more 
metals; a mixture of two metals of 



Ste. arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ALLSPICE 



31 



ALPEN-HORN 



differing nature and value; an ad- 
mixture of evil with good. 

allspice (awl'spis)*, n. the. fruit or 
berry of the pimento; so named in 
allusion to its taste being supposed 
to combine the flavors of other spices. 

allude (a-lud'), v.t. to compare: v.u 
refer or make an allusion indirectly 
(with to). 

allure (a-lur'), v.t. to tempt by the 
offer of something good, real or ap- 
parent; entice; attract. 

allusion (a-hYzhun), n. a casual ref- 
erence; a comparison or reference by 
symbol or metaphor. 

allusive (a-lu'siv), adj. having refer- 
ence to something not definitely 
expressed. 

allusory (a-hVso-ri), adj. allusive. 

alluvial (a-lQ'vi-al), adj. pertaining 
to or composed of alluvium. 

alluvion (a-lu'vi-un), n. land added 
to a shore or river-bank by the 
action of water. ■ 

alluvium (a-lu'vi-um), n. [pi. allu- 
via (-a) ], a deposit of mingled sand 
and clay (mud), or of alternating 
layers of sand and clay, of river 
origin. 

ally (a-liO, v.t. \p.t. & p.p. allied, 
p.pr. alljdng], to unite by marriage, 
treaty, league or confederacy; bind 
or connect by friendship or resem- 
blance: n. [pi. allies (a-liz') ], one 
united, related, or associated by 
these means; a confederate. 

almadia (al-ma-de'a), n. an Indian 
river-boat, shuttle-shaped, about 80 
ft. in length, with a narrow beam; 
a small African bark-canoe. 

almagra (al-ma/gra) , n. a fine deep- 
red ochre used in India for staining 
the skin; used also as a paint and 
polish (Indian-red.). 

almanac (awl'ma-nak), n. a year- 
book or calendar giving the order 
of the days of the week and month, 
astronomical data, tide-tables, ec- 
clesiastical festivals and fasts, and 
other varied information. 

almighty (awl-mi'ti), adj. possessing 
all power; omnipotent. 



almightiness (-nes), n. omnipotence; 
infinite or boundless power. 

almond (a'mund & al'mund), n. the 
kernel of the fruit of the almond 
tree; anything resembling the al- 
mond in shape. 

almoner (al'mun-er), n. one who 
dispenses or distributes alms or 
charity; an alms-purse; a pouch or 
purse which in early times was sus- 
pended from the girdle. 

almonry _ (al'mun-ri), n. [pi. almon- 
ries (-riz) ], the residence of the 
almoner; the place where alms are 
dispensed. 

almost (awl'most), adv. nearly; very 
nearly; well-nigh; all but. 

alms (amz), n.sing. [used sometimes 
as n.pl.] the act of relieving by char- 
itable aid; that which is bestowed 
in or out of charity. 

alms-house (-hous), n. a house en- 
dowed by private or public charity 
and appropriated to the use of the 
poor. 

aloes (al'oz), n. a drug, the inspis- 
sated juice of several species of 
aloe, and obtained from the leaves; 
the fragrant resin or wood of the 
agallochum. 

alongshoreman (-sh5r'man), n. [pi. 
-men], a laborer employed at docks 
in loading and unloading vessels. 

alongside (-sid), adv. by the side; 
side by side. 

aloof (a-loof ), adv. at a moderate 
distance but within sight; purposely 
keeping apart. 

alopecia (al-6-pe'si-a) , or alopecy 
(al'S-pe-si) , n. baldness; loss of hair 
through skin disease. 

alpaca (al-pak'a), n. a mammal, 
closely allied to the llama, a native 
of the Andes of Chili and Peru; 
the fabric constructed from the 
long, soft, silky wool of the alpaca. 

alpen-glow (al'pen-glo), n. a pecul- 
iar purple glow on the snow on the 
Alps seen just before sunrise and 
after sunset. 

alpen-horn (-h6rn), n. a long and 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ALPEN-STOCK 



32 



ALTRUISM 



neariy straight horn used by the 
mountaineers of the Alps. 

alpen-stock (-stok), n. a stout staff, 
furnished with an iron spike, used 
by mountain-climbers. 

alphabet (al'fa-bet), ». the letters 
of a language arranged in the cus- 
tomary order; the first rudiments of 
any branch of knowledge; v.t. to 
arrange or classify in alphabetical 



by turns; cause to succeed by turns; 
exchange reciprocally: v.i. to take 

Elace by turns (followed with) : adj. 
y turns: following each other in 
reciprocal succession; succeeding 
each other by turns on opposite 
sides of a stem. 
alternate angles (ang'glz), n.pl. the 
internal angles made by two lines 



with a thirdf on opposite sides of it. 
sequence; mark by the letters of the alternative (al-ter'na-tiv), adj. giv- 
alphabet. . m g the choice of two things: n. the 

already (awl-red i), adj. quite ready; option or choice of two possibilities, 
fully prepared: adv. by, at, or be- ; so that if one be rejected the other 
fore, a specified tune. « mus t be accepted. 

altar (awl-tar), _ n. a raised place, alternator (al'ter-na-ter), n. an al- 



structure, or elevation, whether of 
earth or stone, for the offering of 
sacrifices or burning of incense; the 
Communion-table; a place of wor- 
ship. 

altazimuth (alt-az'i-muth), an in- 
strument employed to determine the 
altitudes and azimuths of the heav- 
enly bodies. 

alter (awl-ter), v.t. to effect some 
change in: modify or vary; change 
entirely or materially. 

alterable (awl'ter-a-ble), adj. capable 
of being changed. 

alterant (awl'ter-ant), adj. produc- 
ing or effecting change: n. a sub- 
stance used in dyeing to change or 
modify a color. 

alteration (awl-ter-a'shun), n. the 
act of altering or changing; the 
change or modification effected. 

alterative (awl'ter-a-tiv), adj. pro- 
ducing change; having' the power to 
alter: n. a medicine which restores 
the healthy functions of the body. 

altercate (awl'ter-kat), v.i. to con- 
tend in words; wrangle; dispute 
with anger or heat. 

altercation (awl-ter-ka'shun), n. the 
act of wrangling; warm contention 
in words; a dispute. 

alter ego (al'ter §'go), a second self; 
one's double: frequently applied to 
a person fully authorized to act for 
another. 

alternate (al'ter-nat), v.t. to perform 



ternating current dynamo. 

alt-horn (alt'horn), n. a musical in- 
strument of the sax-horn class, fre- 
quently used in military bands. 

altimeter (al-tim'e-ter), n. - j a in- 
strument for measuring altitudes 
trigonometricadly. » 

altiscope (al'tis-kop), n. an instru- 
ment consisting of mirrors and 
lenses by means ex which an object 
is brought to the view of the ob- 

1 server notwithstanding intervening 
obstacles; used to guide submarine 
boats. 

altisonant (al-tis'o-nant), adj. high- 
sounding; pompous in language. 

altitude (al'ti-tud), n. space ex- 
tended upward; height; highest 
point or degree; the elevation of a 
celestial body above the horizon; 
the perpendicular distance from the 
base of a figure to the summit or to 
the side parallel to the base. 

alto-relievo (al'to-re-le'vo), or alto- 
rilievo (al'to-re-le-a/vo), n. [pi. alto- 
relievos (-voz)], high relief; figures 
or other objects that stand out 
boldly from the background, and 
having more than half their thick- 
ness projecting. 

altropathy (al-trop'a-thi), n. sym- 
pathy for others. 

altruism (al'troo-izm), n. the prin- 
ciples inculcated by Comte, and in- 
volving the sacrifice of self in the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ALTRUIST 



33 



AMBASSADOR- 
EXTRAORDINARY 



interests of others: opposed to 
egoism. 

altruist (aTtroo-ist), n. one who ad- 
vocates or practices altruism. 

alum-root (-root), n. a popular 
name given to certain roots of an 
astringent nature belonging to the 



alumina (a-lu'mi-na), n. the single 
oxide of aluminum, the most abun- 
dant of the earths; a notable constit- 
uent of common clay. Alumina is 
largely used in dyeing and calico- 
printing as a mordant. 

aluminite (a-lu'mi-mt),^ n. the 
hydrous sulphate of aluminum. 

aluminous (a-lu'mi-nus), adj. per- 
taining to, or containing, alum or 
alumina. 

aluminum (a-lu'mi-num), or alu- 
minium (al-u-min'i-um), n. a blu- 
ish-white, light, sonorous, ductile, 
malleable metal. 

alumna (a-lum'na), n. [pi. alumnae 
(-ne)], a female graduate or pupil 
of a university or college. 

alumnus (a-lum'nus), n. [pi. alumni 
(-ni)], a pupil, more^ particularly 
the graduate of a university; one 
educated at a school, college, or 
university. 

alveola ted (al-ve'o-la-ted), adj. with 
deep pits or cells resembling the 
honeycomb. 

always (awl'waz), adv. constantly; 
ever; regularly at intervals; con- 
tinually. 

amain (a-man'), adv. with force or 
violence; suddenly; at once. 

amalgam m (a-mal'gam), n. any me- 
tallic mixture or alloy of which 
mercury is the chief constituent; a 
mixture or compound of different 
things. 

amalgamate (a-mal'ga-mat), v.t. to 
alloy mercury with another metal; 
mix to form a compound: v.i. to 
blend, combine, as one race with 
another. 

amanuensis (a-man-u-en'sis), ». [pi. 
amanuenses (-sez)], one who is 



employed to write at the dictation 
or direction of another; a secretary. 

amaranth (am'a-ranth), n. an im- 
aginary flower said by poets to be 
unfading; a plant of the genus am- 
arantus; a color-mixture in which 
magenta is the chief ingredient. 

amaranthine (am-a-ran'thin), adj. 
pertaining to the amaranth; never- 
fading, like amaranth; purplish. 

amass (a-mas'), v.t. to collect into a 
heap; gather together in great quan- 
tity or amount; accumulate. 

amassment (a-mas'ment), n. the act 
of amassing; a heap or accumula- 
tion; a great quantity or number 
brought together. 

amateur (am'a-tur & am-a-ter'), n. 
one who cultivates an art or pur- 
sues a study from love or attach- 
ment, and without reference to gain 
or emolument: adj. applied to the 
work or productions of an amateur 
as opposed to professional. 

amative (am'a-tiv), adj. amorous; 
full of love. 

amatorial (am-a-tor'i-al), adj. per- 
taining to love; amatory; pertain- 
ing to the oblique muscles of the eye 
used in ogling. 

amatory (am'a-to-ri), adj. relating 
to or expressive of love. 

amaurosis (am-aw-ro'sis), n. loss or 
decay of sight due to partial, period- 
ic, or complete paralysis of the optic 
nerve. 

amaurotic (am-aw-rot'ik), adj. re- 
lating to, or affected with, amaurosis, 

amaze (a-maz'), v.t. to confound or 
stun with fear, surprise, or won- 
der; astonish: n. astonishment; 
confusion; perplexity. 

ambassador (am-bas'a-der), n. an 
accredited representative of a .sov- 
ereign or state at the court of an- 
other; a diplomatic agent of high 
rank; a representative or agent of 
another charged with a special 
mission. 

ambassador-extraordinary (-eks>* 
tra-6r'din-a-ri), n. an ambassador 
sent on a special mission. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



AMBASSADOR- 
PLENIPOTENTIARY 



34 



AMEND 



ambassador-plenipotentiary (-plen- 
i-po-ten'shi-a-ri), n. an ambassador 
sent with full powers to make a 
treaty. 

ambassadorial (am-bas-a-dor'i-al) , 
adj. belonging to an ambassador, or 
to his office. 

ambassadress (am-bas'a-dres), n. 
the wife of an ambassador; a fe- 
male ambassador. 

amber (am'ber), n. a yellowish fos- 
sil resin found on the shores of the 
Baltic: adj. made of amber; amber- 
colored. 

ambergris (am'ber-gres) ; n. a mor- 
bid secretion from the intestines of 
the sperm-whale, usually found 
floating in tropical seas: used in 
perfumery. 

ambidexter (am-bi-deks'ter), adj. 
using both hands equally: n. a man 
of unusual dexterity. 

ambidextrous (am-bi-deks'trus), 

adj. able to use both hands alike; 
unusually clever. 

ambient (am'bi-ent), adj. surround- 
ing; investing. 

ambiguity (am-bi-gu'i-ti), n. [pi, 
ambiguities (-tiz)], double or du- 
bious signification; vagueness. 

ambiguous (am-big'u-us), adj. 
doubtful; equivocal. 

ambit (am'bit), n. a circuit or com- 
pass; the line or sum of the lines 
by which a figure is bounded; the 
perimeter. 

ambition (am-bish'un), n. a seeking 
for preferment; a consuming desire 
to achieve some object or purpose, 
as to gain distinction, influence, &c. 

ambitious (am-bish'us), adj. having 
ambition; aspiring. 

amble . (am'bl), v.i. to move with a 
peculiar pace, as a horse, by lifting 
the two feet on one side together: n. 
at an easy pace. 

amblyopia (am'bli-o-pi-a) or am- 
blyopy (-pi), n. dimness of vision. 

ambrosia (am-bro'-zhi-a), n. any- 
thing exquisitely pleasing to taste 
or smell; a genus of weeds allied to 
wormwood. 



ambrosial (am-bro'zhi-al), 'adj. di- 
vinely delicious; fragrant. 

ambrotype (am'brS-tip), n. a pho- 
tographic process by which the light 
parts of a photograph are produced 
in silver, the dark parts showing as 
a background through the clear 
glass. 

ambulance (am'bu-lans), n. a field 
hospital; an ambulance cart or 
wagon for the conveyance of the 
sick and wounded. 

ambulant (am'bu-lant), adj. walking; 
moving about. 

ambulation # (am-bu-la'shun), n. the 
act of walking about. 

ambulator (am'bu-la-ter), n. a 
walker; a pedometer. 

ambulatory (am'bu-la-to-ri), adj. of 
or pertaining to walking; movable; 
temporary: n. a place for walking 
in; a covered way. 

ambuscade (am-bus-kad'), n. a 
strategic disposition of troops in 
ambush. 

ambush (am'boosh), n. a lying in 
wait to attack by surprise: v.t. to 
place in ambush to surprise an 
enemy; waylay: v.i. to lie in wait 
for the purpose of attacking by 
surprise. 

ameer (a-meV), n. a prince; govern- 
or; the Mohammedan ruler of Af- 
ghanistan. Also written amir, emir. 

ameliorable (a-me'h-or-a-bl), adj. 
capable of improvement. 

ameliorate (a-me'li-or-at), v.t. to 
make better: v.i. to grow better; 
improve. 

amelioration (a-me-li-or-a'shun), n. 
the making or growing better; im- 
provement. 

amen (a-men' & a/men'), adv. verily; 
inter j. so be it. 

amenability (a-me-na-bil'i-ti) or 
amenableness (a-me'na-bl-nes), n. 
liability to answer (to a charge, &c); 
tractableness; responsibility. 

amenable (a-me'na-bl), adj. easy to 
lead; submissive; liable. 

amend (a-mend'), v.t. to free fro 
fault; improve; correct. 



■ 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



AMENDATORY 



35 



AMOUR 






amendatory (a-men'da-tor-i), n.adj. 
tending to amend. 

amende-honorable (a-mangd-on'or- 
a-bl), n, a public apology and, repa- 
ration; a punishment formerly in- 
flicted in France on traitors and the 
sacrilegious. 

amendment (a-mend'ment), n. the 
removal of faults; the alteration of 
a bill before a body;* a counter- 
motion at a public meeting. 

amends (a-mendz')» n.pl. compensa- 
tion for loss or injury; reparation. 

amenity (a-men'i-ti), n. [pi. amenities 
(-tiz)], pleasantness, as of climate or 
demeanor; geniality. 

amenorrhoea _ (a-men-or-re'a), n. en- 
tire or partial suppression of the 
menses. 

amentia (a-men'shi-a), n. want of 
reason; mental imbecility. 

amerce m (a-mers'), v.t. to punish by 
an arbitrary fine. 

amerceable (a-mer'sa-bl), adj. liable 
to be amerced. 

amercement (a-mers'ment), n. an 
arbitrary fine left to the discretion 
of a court. • 

Americanism (a-mer'i-kan-izm), n. a 
form of expression peculiar to the 
United States; a custom peculiar 
to the United ' States or America; 
attachment to the United States. 

Americanize (a-mer'i-kan-iz), v.t. to 
render American; assimilate to the 
political institutions of the United 
States. 

amethyst (am'e-thist), n. a violet- 
purple variety of quartz or rock- 
crystal 

amethystine (am-e-this'tin), adj. 
containing, composed of, or colored, 
like amethyst. 

amiability (a-ini-a-bil'i-ti), n. ami- 
ableness; excellence of disposition; 
lovableness. 

amiable (a/mi-a-Dl), adj, friendly; 
worthy of love; lovable. 

amicable (am'i-ka-bl), adj, friendly; 
peaceable. 

amice (am'is), n. a square of white 
linen formerly worn on the head, 



but now worn about the neck and 
shoulders, by celebrant priests while 
saying Mass. 

amid (a-mid'), or amidst ('st), prep. 
in the middle of; among. 

amidships (a-mid'ships), adv. in the 
middle of a ship. 

amir. See ameer. 

amiss (a-mis'), adj. wrong; faulty: 
adv. wrongly; that misses the mark. 

amity (am'i-ti), n. friendly relations; 
friendship. 

ammonia (a-mo'ni-a), ». a trans- 
parent, pungent, volatile gas, used in 
medicine and the arts; spirits of 
hartshorn. 

ammonite (am'on-It), n. a fossil 
shell, twisted like a ram's horn; 
snake-stone. 

ammunition (am-u-nish'un), n. pow- 
der, balls, &c, used in charging fire- 
arms of all kinds; military stores: 
adj. supplied to troops as equip- 
ment, &c. 

amnesia (am-ne'si-a), n. loss of mem- 
ory. 

amnesty (am'nes-ti), n. an act of 
oblivion for political offenses; a gen- 
eral pardon: v.t, [p.t. & p.p. amnes- 
tied, p.pr. amnestying,] to grant par- 
don to. 

amoeba (a-me'ba), n. {pi, amcebas 
('baz) & -bae ('be) ], a genus of mi- 
croscopic organisms, consisting of a 
mass of protoplasm which moves 
about in fresh-water ponds by 
means of finger-like processes with 
which it grasps its food. 

amorous (am'or-us), adj. fond of the 
opposite sex: loving. 

amorphism (a-m6r'fizm), n. want of 
regular form; without crystalline 
structure 

amorphous (a-m6r'fus), adj. form- 
less; irregularly shaped; uncrystal- 
lized; anomalous; unorganized. 

amortize (a-mor'tiz), v.t. to extinguish 
a debt by means of a sinking fund. 

amount (a-mount'), v.i. to mount up 
to; be equivalent or equal to: n. the 
totality; sum. 

amour (a-moor'), n, a love-intrigue. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



_ 



AMPERE 



36 



ANAGRAMMATIC 



ampere (am-par), n. the unit of 

. measurement of the strength of an 
electrical current. 

Amphibia (am-fib'i-a), n.pl. the 
fourth division of vertebrates, in- 
termediate between fishes and rep- 
tiles, which in their early state 
breathe by gills. 

amphibious (am-fib'i-us), adj. hav- 
ing the power of living both on land 
and in water. 

amphitheater, -re (am-fi-the'a-ter) 
n. a double theater; a theater with 
seats all round the arena; a circus. 

amphitype (am'fi-tip), n. a photo- 
graphic process which simultaneous- 
ly produces negatives and positives. 

amphora (am'for-a), n. [pi. am- 
phorae (-re) ], a two-handled vessel 
of oblong shape, used by the an- 
cients for holding wine, &c; a 
Greek and Roman liquid measure, 
the former = 9 gals., the latter = 6 
gals. * 

ample (am'pl), adj. full; large; abun- 
dant. 

ampliative (am'pli-a-tiv), adj. en- 
larging; synthetic. 

amplification (am-pli-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act of amplifying or expanding; 
enlargement. 

amplify (am'pli-fl), vi,' [p.t. & p.p. 
amplified, p.pr. amplifying], to make 
large: v.i. to speak or write diffuse- 
ly; expand. 

amplitude (am'pli-tud), n. the angu- 
lar distance of a celestial body at 
rising or setting from the eastern 
or western points of the horizon; an 
angle on which the value of some 
mathematical function depends; the 
distance which a particle moves in 
performing a complete vibration. 

amply (-li), adv. in an ample man- 
ner; liberally. 

ampulla (am-pul'la), n. [pi. am- 
pullae (-le)], an ancient vessel which 
contained unguents for the bath; 
a drinking vessel; a vessel for con- 
secrated oil or chrism used in church 
rites, and at the coronation of 
sovereigns. 



amputate (am'pu-tat), v.t. to lop off 
in pruning; to cut off a limb; dis- 
member. 

amuck (a-muk'), adj. or adv. (used 
only in the phrase, to run amuck) 
running about armed, in a state of 
frenzy, attacking all that come in 
the way, or committing indiscrimi- 
nate slaughter. 

amulet (am'u-let), n. a charm worn 
to protect against evil; a talisman. 

amuse (a-mtiz'), v.t. to occupy the 
attention pleasantly; beguile; en- 
tertain; divert. 

ana (a'na), [pi. anas ('naz) ], a col- 
lection of notable sayings, literary 
gossip, anecdotes, &c, as Shakes- 
periana, boxiana. 

anachronism (an-ak'ron-izm), n. an 
error in the order of time, hence 
any error in the misplacement of 
persons or events in point of time. 

anaconda (an-a-kon'da), n. the spe- 
cific name of a large South Amer- 
ican boa, and loosely applied to any 
large snake which crushes its prey. 

anacrusis (an-a-kru'sis), n. a stroke 
in music, slanting upward. 

anadromous (a-nad'ro-mus), adj. as- 
cending from the sea to fresh-water 
rivers to deposit spawn, as the 
salmon, &c; tending upwards: said 
of ferns. 

anaemia, anemia (a-ne'mi-a), n. de- 
ficiency or low condition of the blood. 

anaesthesia, anesthesia (an-es- 
the'si-a), n. a condition of insensi- 
bility to pain, combined with loss of 
the sense of touch, produced by 
anaesthetics. 

anaesthetic. See anesthetic. 

anaglyph (an'a-glif), n. a work of 
art carved in relief, as distinguished 
from intaglio. 

anagram (an'a-gram), n. a word or 
a sentence constructed out of anoth- 
er by the transposition of the letters 
contained in the second; a word ob- 
tained by reading the letters of an- 
other word backwards* 

anagrammatic (an-a-gram-mat'ik) 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ANAL 



37 



ANASTIGMAT 



or anagrammatical ('i-k&l), adj. 
relating to, or forming an anagram. 

anal (a/nal), adj. relating to the 
anus; situated near to the anal ori- 
fice. 

analect (an'a-lekt), -«. [pi. analects 
(-lekts) & analecta (-ta) ], a pas- 
sage or extract from a published 
work: pi. a collection of such ex- 
tracts from different authors. 

analectic (an-a-lek'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or composed of, selections 
from other works. 

analgesia (an-al-je'si-a), n. the in- 
sensibility to pain in any part of the 
body. Called also analgia. 

analgesic (an-al-jes'ik), adj. that al- 
lays pain: n. an anodyne. 

analgetic (an-al-jet'ik) 2 adj. per- 
taining to analgesia; insensible to* 
pain; painless. 

analogical (an-a-Ioj'i-kal), adj. bear- 
ing reference; having relation or j£- 
semblance. 

analogism (a-nal'o-jism), n. a reason- 
ing from the cause to the effect; 
study and examination of matters 
and things by reference to their 
analogies. 

analogize (a-nal'o-jiz), v.t. to reason 
or expound by reference to analogy: 
v.i. to treat or investigate by use of 
analogy. 

analogous (a-nal'6-gus), adj. pos- 
sessing points of analogy; linked by 
resemblance; similar. 

analogue (an'a-log), n. an object 
which bears analogy to something 
else; a part which corresponds with 
another in structure, function, or 
other relations. 

analogy (a-nal'o-ji), n. {pi. analo- 
gies (-jiz) ], agreement, resemblance, 
or correspondence in relations be- 
tween different objects; the infer- 
ence as to general agreement which 
is derived from similarity in certain 
essential particulars; equality of 
mathematical ratios; conformity of 
its parts to the general rules and 
structures of a language. 
lysis (a-nal'i-sis), n. [pi. analy- 




ses (-sez) ], the resolution of a com- 
pound into its constituent parts; the 
method of determining the nature 
of a compound by resolution into its 
constituent parts; < the resolving of 
problems by reducing the conditions 
that are in them to equations; a 
synopsis. 

analyst (an'a-list), n. one who is 
skilled in analysis; one skilled in 
the resolution of chemical com- 
pounds. 

analytic (an-a-lit'ik) or analytical 
(-i-kal), adj. relating to, or charac- 
terized by, the method of analysis. 

analytics (an-a-lit'iks), n. pi. the 
science of analysis. 

analyzable (an'a-li-za-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of being resolved by, or that may 
be subjected to, analysis. 

analyze (an'a-liz), v.t. to separate or 
resolve; determine the nature of a 
compound by resolution of its con- 
stituent parts. 

anapest or anapaest (an'a-pest), n. 
a foot comprising two short syllables 
and one long syllable. 

anaphrodisiac (an-af-ro-diz'-i-ak), n. 
a drug or treatment to lessen sexual 
desire. 

anaplasty (an-a-plas'ti), n. the re- 
pairing of wounds by the trans- 
plantation of adjacent healthy tis- 
sue. 

anarchic (an-ar'kik), or anarchical 
(-al), adj. of or pertaining to anarchy, 
or the theory of anarchism. 

anarchism (an'ar-kizm), n. lawless- 
ness; confusion; anarchy; the doc- 
trines of the anarchists. 

anarchist (an'ar-kist), n. one who 
supports or promotes a scheme for 
anarchy, or upholds anarchy as a 
social theory. 

anarchy (an'ar-ki), n. non-existence 
or incapability of governmental rule; 
a lawless condition of society; the 
theory of individual liberty. 

anarthrous (an-ar'thrus), adj. with- 
out the article; destitute of joints; 
without articulated limbs. 

anastigmat (an-as'tig-mat), n. a 



, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite; mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then, f 



ANASTROPHE 



38 



ANCILLARY 



combination of lenses used in photog- 
raphy to overcome distortion of the 
image and obtain a flat field. 

anastrophe or anastrophy (a-nas'- 
tro-fe), n. an inversion of the se- 
quence of words in a sentence, as 
"echoed the hills," for "the hills 
echoed." 

anathema (a-nath'e-ma), n. [pi. 
anathemas (-maz)], the curse ac- 
companying excommunication pro- 
nounced by a religious assembly or 
convocation; an imprecation or 
curse; the thing or person held to be 
accursed. 

anathematize (a-nath'e-ma-tiz), v.l. 
to pronounce a decree of excommuni- 
cation against: v.i. to curse. 

anatomical (an-a-tom'i-kal), adj. re- 
lating to, or according to, the laws 1 
of anatomy. 

anatomism (a-nat'o-mizm), n. ana- 
tomical analysis or structure; anat- 
omy as the basis of life of organized 
bodies; the explanation of vital phe- 
nomena by anatomical structure; the 
application of the principles of anat- 
omy, as in art. 

anatomist (a-nat'o-mist), n. one 
possessing a knowledge of anatomy 
derived from dissection. 

anatomize (a-nat'o-miz), v.t. to sep- 
arate by dissection and exhibit the 
relative position p and structure of 
the parts of an animal or plant. 

anatomy (a-nat'o-mi), n. [pi. anato- 
mies (-miz)], separation by dissec- 
tion of the various partsof a body, 
with a wvie to the examination and 
determination of their structure and 
relations; the art or science of dis- 
section; a descriptive account of the 
parts of an organic body; a with- 
ered or emaciated person. 

anatripsis (an-a-trip'sis), n. mas- 



ancestor (an'sesHGer,, n. a forefather 
or progenitor, on the side of father 
or mother, from whom one is de- 
scended in direct line; one who held 
previous possession. 



ancestral (an-ses'tral), adj. belonging 
to, or connected with, one's ances- 
tors; derived from one's progenitors; 
lineal. 

ancestress (an'ses-tres), n. a female 
ancestor. 

ancestry (anses-tri), n. the line of 
one's descent traced from a period 
more or less remote; the personages 
comprising such lineage^ lineage. 

anchor (ang'ker), n. an iron imple- 
ment of varying form, but generally 
having two curved and pointed arms 
terminating one end of a shank, to 
the other extremity of which is af- 
fixed a cable, used to secure a float- 
ing vessel to the bottom; that on 
which dependence is placed for se- 
curity or stability; a metallic clamp 
securing a tie-rod connecting oppo- 
site walls: v.t. to affix by an an- 
chor; grapple; hold fast. 

anchor-ice (ang'ker-is), n. ground-ice. 

anchorage (ang'ker-aj), n. a suita- 
ble or customary place for the an- 
choring of vessels; the hold attained 
by an anchor; harbor-dues for an- 
chorage in a port. 

anchoret (ang'kor-et) or anchorite 
(-It), n. one who voluntarily se- 
cludes himself from society and 
lives a solitary life devoted to re- 
ligious or philosophic meditation; a 

. recluse; a hermit. 

anchovy (an-cho'vi), n. [pi. ancho- 
vies (-viz)], a diminutive fish abound- 
ing in the Mediterranean, and esp 
cially esteemed for its peculi; 
flavor, used for pickling and as 
sauce. 

ancient (an'shent), adj. of or per- 
taining to the early history of the 
world; of past times or remote 
ages; of great age or antiquity: n. 
one who lived in ancient times; pi. 
the people of classic times; the Jew- 
ish elders; the governing body of 
an Inn of Court: n. formerly a flag 
or ensign; a ship's pennant. 

ancillary (an'sil-ar-i), adj. attendant 
upon; accessory; subservient. 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; thinks then 






ANCIPITAL 



39 



ANGIOLOGY 



ancipital (an-sip'i-tal), adj. two- 
edged and sharp. 

ancon (ang'kon), n. [pi. ancones 
(-ez) ], the upper extremity of the 
forearm or ulna; the elbow; a 

• bracket or projection for the sup- 
port of a cornice. 
ancus (ang'kus), n. an elephant goad 
formed of metal. 

andirons (and'i-ernz), n.pl. metal 
standards used for open fires, to 
support the logs; fire-dogs. 

androcephalus (an-dro-sef'a-lus), 
adj. m having a human head, as a 
sphinx, &c. 

androgynous (an-drSj'i-nous), adj. 
combining both sexes, or bearing 
both maleand female organs; her- 
maphroditical. 

androsphinx (an'dro-sfingks), n. a 
sphinx with the" body of a lion and 
the head of a man. 

anecdotal (an'ek-do-tal), adj. relat- 
ing to, or consisting of, anecdotes. 

anecdote (an'ek-dot) ? n. a brief nar- 
rative of an entertaining character; 
a terse and pithy account of some 
detached incident, chiefly personal 
or biographical. 

nelectric (an-e-lek'trik), adj. with- 
out the properties of electricity; 
non-electric: n. a conductor in con- 
tradistinction to an insulator. 
nelectrode (an-e-lek'trod), n. the 
positive pole of a galvanic battery, 
lemia. See anaemia, 
nemograph (a-nem'o-graf), n. an 
instrument for registering the force 
or direction of the wind. 
emometer (an-e-mom'e-ter), n. a 
wind-gauge; an instrument which 
indicates the pressure of the wind. 
nemone (a-nem'o-ne),^. [pi. anem- 
ones (-nez) ], the wind-flower or 
wood-anemone; a sea-anemone, a 
marine zoophyte. 

anemoscope (a-nem'o-sk6p), n. an 
apparatus for exhibiting the direc- 
tion of the wind. 

aneroid (an'e-roid), adj. having no 
liquid, as quicksilver: n. a barometer 
shaped like a watch, the action 



depending on the varying pressure 
. of the atmosphere on the top of an 
elastic metal box. 

anesthesia. See anaesthesia. 

anesthetic or anaesthetic (an-es- 
thet'ik), adj. pertaining to loss of 
the sense of feeling'* n. a drug 
which produces insensibihty. 

aneurism (an'u-rizm), n. a local 
swelling or dilation 01 an artery at 
a point where the coat is thinned or 
weakened by disease. 

angel (an'jel), n. a messenger of 
God; one of an order of spiritual 
attendants who form a connection 
between heaven and earth, as from 
God to mankind; a spirit of evil, as 
a fallen angel; the presbyter in the 
early Christian Church residing in 
some particular city (Rev. ii. 8) ; 
an English gold coin, value about 
10s., struck in the reign of Edward 
IV., and impressed with the figure 
of the archangel Michael. 

angel-fish (-fish), n. a species of 
shark with large pectoral fins, which 
give to it a winged appearance. 

angelic (an-jel'ik) ^or angelical 
(1-kal), adj. belonging to or re- 
sembling an angel in nature or func- 
tion. 

angelus (an'je-lus), n. a devotional 
exercise in commemoration of the 
Incarnation, during which the Ave 
Maria is twice repeated: said morn- 
ing, noon, and night; the bell which 
is rung to announce the time of 
such devotions. 

anger (ang'ger), n. excessive emotion or 
passion aroused by a sense of injury 
or wrong; wrath: v.t. to provoke to 
resentment; excite to wrath; enrage. 

angina (an-ji'na & an'ji-na), n. an 
inflamed condition of the throat, as 
in quinsy, &c. 

angina pectoris (pek'to-ris), n. a 
muscular spasin of the chest, very 
often accompanied by an affection 
of the heart, and frequently fatal. 

angiology (an-ji-ol'o-ji), n. that 
branch of anatomy which treats of 
the blood-vessels and lymphatics. 



_ 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ANGLE 



40 



ANILISM 



angle (ang'gl), n. the inciosed space 
near the point where two lines meet; 
a sharp or projecting corner; the 
inclination of two lines which meet 
at a point (the vertex). 

angler (ang'gler), n. one who fishes 
with rod and line; # piscator; the 
name of a fish furnished with fila- 
mentary appendages, which by their 
movement attract smaller fish^ on 
which it feeds. Also called fishing- 
frog and sea-devil. 

anglican (ang'gli-kan), adj. pertain- 
,ing to England as a nation; per- 
taining to the Church of England 
and churches in other countries in 
accord with it, and (popularly) to 
the High or Ritualistic section of 
the Anglican Church: n. a member 
of the Anglican Church; a Ritualist. 

anglice (ang'gli-se), adv. according to 
the English language or manner. 

anglicism (ang'gli-sizm), n. a form 
of speech; a principle or mannerism 
peculiar to England. 

anglicize (ang'gli-siz), v.t. to make 
or to render into English; accord 
with English manners and customs. 

angling (ang'gling), n. the piscato- 
rial art; the act of fishing with rod 
and line. 

Anglo-American i^ang'glo-a-mer'i- 
kan), adj. pertaining to England 
and the United States conjointly, 
as to commerce or population: n. an 
American citizen of English descent. 

Anglomania (ang'glo-man'i-a), n. 
a predilection carried to excess for 
everything # that is English, in the 
sense of being peculiar to England. 

Anglophobia (-fo'bi-a), n. an intense 
aversion for or fear of everything 
English. 

Anglo-Saxon (-saks'un), adj. per- 
taining to the Saxon settlers in 
England prior to. the Conquest, or 
to their language: n. one of the 
Saxon settlers in England as dis- 
tinguished from those on the Conti- 
nent: pi. the English race. 

angora (ang-go'ra), n. cloth made 
from Angora-wool. 



angora-cat (-kat), n. a cat of the 
domestic kind with long handsome 
hair. 

angora goat (-got), n. a breed of goats 
native to the province of Angora, 
Asia Minor; now raised in other 
countries, and especially in the U. S. 
See also mohair. 

angora-wool (-wool), n. the coat of 
the Angora goat ; much esteemed for 
its long silky hair. 

angostura-bark (ang-gos-tii'ra bark), 
n. a bitter aromatic bark used for 
medicinal purposes. 

angry (ang'gri), adj. inflamed with 
anger; provoked* feeling resentment; 
wrathful; showing anger; fierce; 
inflamed. 

angrily ('gri-li), adv. in an angry 
manner. 

angriness (-ness), b. the state of 
being angry. 

anguish (ang'gwish), n. intense pain 
or grief; acute suffering, bodily or 
mental. 

angular (ang'gu-lar), adj. possessing 
an angle or angles; sharp, bent, or 
cornered; pointed, or full of points. 

angularity (ang-gu-lar'i-ti), n. [pi. 
angularities (-tiz) ], the quality of 
being angular in any sense. 

angulate (ang'gfi-lat), adj. construct- 
ed of angles; having the form of an 
angle. 

angustate (ang-gus'tat), adj. narrow 
at the base and expanded at the 
top. 

anhydrous (an-hi'drus), adj. with- 
out water: applied to minerals in 
which the water of crystallization 
is not present. 

anil (an'il), n. the indigo plant. 

anile (an'il & 'II), adj. resembling 
an old woman; aged; old-womanish. 

aniline (an'i-lin), n. a base^ used in 
the formation of many rich dyes 
obtained from coal-tar, but more ex- 
tensively from benzole: adj. of or 
pertaining to aniline. 

anilism (an'il-izm), n. aniline poison- 
ing, caused by the inhalation of 
aniline vapors. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ANILITY 



41 



ANNIHILATION 



anility (a-niTi-ti), n. the state of 
being anile; a condition of dotage. 

animadversion (an-i-mad-ver 'shun) , 
n. the act of observing; capacity for 
perception; censure; criticism; 
stricture. 

animadversive (an-i-mad-ver'siv), 
adj. possessing the faculty of obser- 
vation. 

animadvert (an-i-mad-vert'), v.i. to 
give the mind to; pass comment or 
stricture upon; criticise. 

animal (an'i-nial), w. an organized 
living body, sentient, mobile, and 
locomotive; an inferior being; a 
brute: adj. of- or belonging to ani- 
mals. 

animal-magnetism (an'i-mal-mag'- 
net-izm), n. another name for mes- 
merism. 

animalcular (an-i-mallcu-Iar) or 
animal culine (-lin), adj. of or re- 
lating to animalcules. 

animalcule (an-i-mal'kul), n. one 
of a class of minute or microscopic 
organisms abounding in water and 
infusions; an infusorian. 

animal cul is t (an-i-mal'kii-list), n. 
a specialist of animalcules. 

animalculum (an-i-mal'ku-lum), n. 
[pi. animalcula m (-la) J, a minute 
organism; an animalcule. 

animalia m (an'i-ma-li-a), n.pl. the 
animal kingdom. 

animalism (an'i-mal-izm), n. the 
state of being animal, or actuated 
by animal instincts or appetites; 
the theory which regards mankind 
as merely animal^ sensuality. 

animalistic (an-i-mal-is'tik), adj. 
characterized by animal or sensual 
instincts. 

animality (an-i-mal'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being an animal, or 
possessing animal characteristics. 

animate (an'i-mat), v.t. to impart 
life to; to inspire with energy or 
action; enliven: adj. endowed with 
animal life; full of spirit and vigor. 

animation (an'i-ma'shun), n. the 
act of giving life or spirit j the state 
of being animated; vivacity. 



animism (an'i-mizm), n. the theory 
of the existence of an immaterial 
principle or force inseparable from 
matter to which all life and action 
are attributable. 

animosity (an-i-mos'i-ti), n. [pi. 
animosities (-tiz) ], hostility; ha- 
tred; active enmity. 

animus (an'i-mus), n. intention, tem- 
per, spirit or purpose; hostility. 

anise (an'is), n. the common name 
for a plant (indigenous in Egypt) 
yielding the aniseed of commerce. 

ankle (ang'kl), n. the joint or articu- 
lation connecting the foot with the 
leg. 

anklet (ang'klet), n. a diminutive 
ankle; an ornament or support for 
the ankle; a fetter or shackle. 

ankylose (angTd-los), v.t. to consoti- 

„ date or join by bony growth; stiffen 
as a joint: v.i. to grow together; 
become stiff. 

ankylosis (ang'ki-lo-sis), n. the join- 
ing or consolidation of parts for- 
merly or normally separate or mova- 
ble by means of bony growth. 

annalist (an'al-ist), n. a compiler of 
annals. 

annals (an'alz), n.pl. a # description, 
history, or chronicle issued from 
time td time, and comprising the 
events of each year in order of 
sequence; chronicles. 

anneal (an-neT), v.t. to heat or fix by 
heat; temper and render malleable; 
bake or fuse. 

annex (an-neks')> ?•£• to add or affix 
at the end; subjoin or connect; pur- 
loin: n. (an-neks' & an'neks), that 
which is added; an addition. 

annexation (an-eks-a/shun),™. the act 
of annexing; that which is annexed. 

annexationist (an-eks-a/shun-ist), n. 
an advocate for, or promoter of, 
annexation. 

annihilable (an-ni'hi-la-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of annihilation. 

annihilate (an-nilii-lat), v.t. to re- 
duce to nothing; wipe out of exist- 
ence; destroy. 

annihilation (an-ni-hi-la'shun), n. 



. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ANNIHILATIONIST 



42 



ANOINT 



the act of annihilating; non-exist- 
ence. 

annihilation! st (an-ni-hi-la/shun- 
ist), n. one who believes that eternal 
punishment consists of annihilation. 

anniversary (an-i-ver'sa-ri), n. [pi. 
anniversaries (-riz) ], the recurrence 
in each year of the date of an event; 
the annual commemoration of an 4 
event: adj. recurring once in every 
twelve months; yearly. 

annotate (an'6-tat), v.t. to mark or 
note by way of explanation or criti- 
cism, as a book. 

annotation (an-o-ta'shun), n. the 
act of noting or commenting upon; 
a note, remark, or criticism made 
in a book. 

annotator (an'o-ta-ter), n. one who 
annotates or writes remarks by way 
of comment or criticism upon the 
works of authors. 

announce (an-nouns'), v.t. to pro- 
claim or make known, formally, or 
in a public manner; pronounce by 
judicial sentence; proclaim. 

annoy (an-noi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, 
p.pr. -ing], to vex or trouble by 
repeated acts; harass or discompose 
by petty injury or opposition: v.i. 
to be troubled, vexed: n. the feeling 
of discomfort caused by an injury or 
vexation. * v 

annoyance (an-noi'ans), n. the act 
of annoying or. causing vexation; 
the state of being annoyed; the 
thing or act which annoys. 

annoy ingly (an-noi 'ing-H), adv. in 
a vexatious manner. 

annual (an'ti-al), adj. once in twelve 
months; yearly; of or belonging to 
a year; published once a year; com- 
pleted in a year; lasting or living 
only for a year or season, as an 
annual plant: n. an anniversary 
mass said for a deceased person; 
the fee paid for such a mass. 

annually (-li), adv. yearly; happen- 
ing, returning, or completed year by 
year. 

annuitant (an-nu'i-tant), n. one who 



is in receipt of, or is entitled to 
receive, an annuity. 

annuity (an-nii'i-ti), n. [pi. annuities 
(-tiz) ], the payment of a sum of 
money by periodical or yearly 
installments. 

annul (an-nul'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. an- 
nulled, p.pr. annulling], to make 
void, abolish, or obliterate, as a law, 
decree, or compact. 

annular (an'u-lar), adj. ring-like; in 
the form of a ring or annulus: n. 
the ring of light „ surrounding the 
moon's body, in an annular eclipse 
of the sun. 

annulate (an'u-lat), adj. ringed; hav- 
ing ring-like bands or circles. 

annulation (an-u-la/shun), n. a ring- 
like formation. 

annulet (an'u-let), n. a little ring; 
a small fillet encircling a column. 

annulment _ (an-nul'ment), n. the 
act of reducing to nothing; abolition; 
invalidation. 

annulosa (an-u-lo'sa), n. the annu- 
lose animals, as crustaceans, insects, 
worms. 

annulose (an'ii-los), adj. composed 
of a succession of rings. 

annunciate (an-nun'si-at), v.t. to 
make known officially or publicly; 
announce. 

Annunciation (an-nun-si-a/shun), n 
the church festival (Lady-day 
Mar. 25) commemorating the inti 
mation of the Incarnation made b 
the angel Gabriel to the Virgin 
Mary (Luke i. 28-33.). 

annunciator (an-nun'shi-a-ter), n. 
a signaling apparatus; an indicator 
used in hotels, and connected with 
the bells and telephones, to show in 
which room attendance is required 

anode > (an'od), n. the path of the 
electric current from the positive to 
the negative pole; the positive pole. 

anodyne (an'o-dln), adj. assuaging 
pain: n. a drug which relieves pain. 

anoint (a-noint'), v.t. to pour oil 
upon, in a religious ceremony; con- 
secrate. 



i 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ANOMALISTIC 



43 



ANTENNA 



' 



anomalistic (a-nom-a-lis'tik), adj. 
pertaining to the anomaly or angular 
distance of a planet from its perihe- 
lion. 

anomalous (a-nom'a-lus) , adj. de- 
viaang from the common order; ab- 
normal. 

anomaly (a-nom'a-li), n. deviation 
from the natural order; the angular 
distance of a planet from its peri- 
helion. 

anon (a-non'), adv. soon; straight- 
way; again. 

anonym (an'o-nim), n. a person who 
remains nameless; a pseudonym. 

anonymity l (an-o-mm'i-ti), n. the 
state of being anonymous. 

anonymous (a-hon'i-mus), adj. bear- 
ing no author's name; nameless. 

anopheles (an-of'e-les), n. a genus 
of the mosquito family transmitting 
to human beings the germ of malaria. 

anserine (an'ser-In), adj. relating to or 
resembling a goose; stupid as a goose. 

answer (an'ser), v.t. to swear in op- 
position to; to reply to a charge; a 
counterstatement: n. a response or 
rejoinder; a reply to a charge; a solu- 
tion, as of a mathematical problem. 

answerable (an'ser-a-bl), adj. liable 
to give answer; responsible. 

ant-bear ('bar), n. the name- some- 
times given (from its likeness to a 
bear) to the great ant-eater of 
America; the Cape ant-eater of 
South Africa. 

ant-eater ('e-ter), a name applied 
to a group of quadrupeds which 
feed upon ants. 

ant-lion ('li-un), n. a neuropterous 
insect whose. larva constructs a pit- 
fall for ants and other insects. 

antacid (ant-as'id), adj. counteract- 
ing acidity: n. a medicine which 
counteracts the formation of acids 
in the system. 

antagonism (an-tag'o-nizm), n. the 
active opposition of two opponents 
or opposing forces; hostility. 

antagonist (an-tag'6-nist), n. a com- 
petitor in any sphere of action; an 
opponent. 



antagonize (an-tag'6-niz), v.t. to op- 
pose; hinder; counteract; contend 
against; compete with: v.i. to act 
in opposition; neutralize. 

antarctic (ant-ark'tik), adj. opposite 
to arctic^ pertaining to the south- 
polar uegions; southern. 

antecede (an-te-sed'), v.t. to precede 
or go before in time or space. 

antecedence (an-te-se'dens) or an- 
tecedency ('den-si), n. preced- 
ence; the act or state of going be- 
fore; priority. 

antecedent (an-te-se'dent), adj. pre- 
ceding: n, the substantive or noun 
to which a relative or other pro- 
noun refers; the part of a condi- 
tional proposition upon which the 
other depends: pi. the previous 
events of a person's life. 

antecessor (an-te-ses'er), n. one 
who goes before (in office). 

antechamber (an'te-cham-ber), n. 
an apartment next the principal 
room, where persons wait for audi- 
ence; an outer room. 

antedate (an'te-dat), v.t. to carry- 
back to an earlier period; antici- 
• pate: n. a date earlier than the ac- 
tual date. 

antediluvian (an-te-di-lti'vi-an), adj. 
of or pertaining to the world before 
the Flood; belonging to very ancient 
times; antiquated: n. one who 
lived before the Flood. 

antelope (an'te-lop), n. the name 
given to numerous species of deer- 
like ruminants, intermediate be- 
tween the deer and the goat, with 
cylindrical ringed horns. 

antemeridian (an-te-me-rid'i-an), 

- adj. preceding noon. 

antemetic (ant-e-met'ik), ad;, allaying 
vomiting: n. a medicine possessing 
this property. 

antemundane (an-te-mun'dan), adj. 
before the creation of the world. 

antenatal (an-te-na'tal), adj. before 
birth. 

antenna (an-ten'a), n. [pi. antennae 
('e) ], the jointed horns or feelers 



te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ANTENUPTIAL 



44 



ANTHROPOZOIC 



upon the heads of insects and Crus- 
tacea. 

antenuptial (an-te-nup'shal), adj. 
before marriage. 

antepaschal (an-te-pasldil), adj. 
before Easter; preceding the Jewish 
Passover. 

antepenult (ari-te-pe-nult') or an- 
tepenultima (an-te-pe-nul'ti-ma)^. 
the last syllable but two of a word.^ 

antepenultimate (an-te-pe-nul'ti- 
mat), adj. pertaining to the last but 
two: n. that which is last but two. 

anteprandial (an-te-pran'di-al), adj. 
before dinner. 

anterior (an-ter'i-er), adj. more to 
the front; former. 

anteriority (an-ter-i-or'i-ti), n. the 
cniality of being anterior, especially 
-in order of time; priority. 

anteroom (an'te-room), n. a room 
before, or forming an entrance to, 
another; an antechamber. 

ante temple (an'te-tem-pl), n. the 
portico of an ancient temple or 
church; the narthex. 

anthelion (ant-he'- or an-theTi-on), 
n. [pi. anthelia (-a) ], a halo or a 
colored ring or rings, opposite the 
sun, formed around the shadow of 
the head of the observer, as pro- 
jected on a cloud or moist surface. 

anthem (an'them), n. a composition 
from the Scriptures or liturgy set to 
sacred music. 

anther (an'ther), n. the summit of 
the stamen of a flower containing 
the pollen or fertilizing dust. 

antheroid (an'ther-oid), adj. having 
the form of an anther. 

anthocarpous (an-tho-kar'pus), adj. 
having a fruit formed from the 
ovaries of several flowers, as the 
pineapple. 

anthological (an-tho-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to an anthology; consist- 
ing of beautiful extracts, more es- 
pecially of those from the poets. 

anthology (an-thol'o-ji), n. a collec- 
tion of choice poems, epigrams, and 
fugitive pieces by various authors; 
a hymnal. 



anthracite (an'thra-sit), n. a non- 
bituminous coal which burns with- 
out smoke; blind-coal; glance-coal; 
stone-coal; hard-coal. 

anthrax (an'thraks), -n. [pi. anthra- 
ces (-sez) ], a carbuncle, or malig- 
nant boil; the splenic fever of sheep 
and cattle, caused by the presence 
of a bacillus in the blood and tis- 
sues; the carbuncular disease caused 
in man by inoculation from affected 
sheep and cattle. 

anthropography (an-thro-pog'ra-fi), 
». that branch of anthropology 
which treats of the actual geograph- 
ical distribution of the human race, 
and the local variations of its dif- 
ferent divisions. 

anthropoid (an'thro-poid), adj. re- 
sembling man: n. one of the higher 
apes resembling man. 

Anthropoidea (an-thro-poi'de-a), n. 
pi. a sub-order of primate mammals, 
including man, the apes, and 
monkeys. 

anthropological (an-thro-po-loj'i- 
kal), adj. relating to anthropology. 

anthropologist (an-thrS-pol'o-jist), 
n. a student of anthropology. 

anthropology (an-thro-poro-ji), n. 
the science of man, considered zo- 
ologically or ethnographically. 

anthropometric (an-thro-po-mef- 
rik), adj. relating to the measure- 
ment or proportions of the human 
body. 

anthropometry (an-thro-pom'e-tri), 
n. the measurement of the human 
body; the department of anthropol- 
ogy relating to such measurement 
of persons at various ages, and in 
different tribes, races, occupations, 
&c. 

anthropomorphism (an-thro-po- 
mor-fizm), n. the ascription of a 
human form and attributes to the 
Deity, or to supernatural beings. 

anthropophagi (an-thro-pof'a-ji), 
n.pl. man-eaters; cannibals. 

anthropozoic (an'thro-po-z5'ik), a. 
pertaining to the time during whicl 
man has existed on the earth; tl 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; booi 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ANTIC 



45 



ANTIPHONETIC 



most) recent period in a geological 



antic (an'tik), adj. grotesque: n. a 
clown; a trick; a grotesque gesture. 

Antichrist (an'ti-krist), n. an op- 
ponent of Christ, especially the great 
personal opponent expected to ap- 
pear before the end of the world [I 
John ii. 22]. 

anticipant (an-tis'i-pant), adj. that 
which operates beforehand: n. one 
who looks forward. 

anticipate (an-tis'i-pat), v.t. to take 

beforehand j use in advance; look 

•for as certain; deal with beforehand: 

v.i. to treat of something before the 

proper time. 

anticipation (an-tis-i-pa'shun), n. the 
act of taking beforehand; expecta- 
tion; hope; preconception. 

anticipative (an-tis'i-pa-tiv), or 
anticipatory (-to-ri), adj. taking 
beforehand; anticipating. 

anticlimax (an'ti-kll-maks), tt. a 
luditrou descent in thought and 
expression; bathos. 

anticyclone (an'ti-si-klon), ». a me- 
teorological condition in which the 
ordinary features of a cyclone are 
reversed, i.e. the winds, which are 
light, flow from instead of toward 
the center. 

antidotal (an'ti-do-tal), adj. of the 
nature or quality of an antidote. 

antidote (an'ti-dot), n. a substance 
which acts medicinally as a counter- 
active to the effects of poison or 
disease; that which annuls or tends 
to prevent the evil effects of any- 
thing else; a remedy. 

ant if at (an'ti-fat), adj. available for 
preventing or reducing fatness: n. 
a remedy against fatness. 

antifebrile (an-ti-feb'ril), adj. capa- 
ble of allaying fever: n. a fever med- 
icine or antipyretic. 

antimask (an'ti-mask), n. a species 
of drollery introduced as interlude 
between acts of more serious nature. 
Written also antimasque. 

antimasonic (an-ti-ma-son'ik), adj. 



opposed to the principles of free- 
masonry. 

antimonarchical (an-ti-mo-narld- 
kal), adj. opposed to monarchy. 

antimonial (an-ti-mo'ni-al), adj. per- 
taining to antimony ; composed of, or 
possessing the qualities of, antimony. 

antimonic (an-ti-mon'ik), or anti- 
monious (an-ti-mo'ni-us), adj. re- 
lating to, composed of, or obtained 
from antimony. 

antimony (an'ti-mo-ni), n. a white 
lustrous metal, entering largely into 
medicinal preparations and various 
important alloys. 

antinomianism (an-ti-n5'mi-an-izm), 
n. the doctrine that faith frees one 
from the moral law. 

antinomy (an-tin'o-mi), n. [pi. an- 
tinomies (-miz)], the opposition of 
one law or part of a law to another. 

antiparallel (an-ti-par'a-lel), adj. 
running parallel, but in an opposite 
direction: n. one of two or more 
lines making equal angles with two 
other lines, but in contrary order. 

antipathetic (an-ti-p&-thet'ik), or 
antipathetical ('i-kal), adj. pos- 
sessing a natural antipathy or aver- 
sion [with to]. 

antipathic (an-ti-path'-ik), adj. per- 
taining to antipathy; adverse; op- 
posite. 

antipathy (an-tip'a-thi), n. [pi. an- 
tipathies (-thiz)J, natural aversion; 
an instinctive dislike; the object of 
aversion (followed in composition 
by to, against, between, and for). 

antiperiodic (an-ti-pe-ri-od'ik), adj. 
preventive of return in periodic or 
intermittent diseases: n. a medicine 
for periodic diseases. 

antiphlogistic (an-ti-flo-jis'tik), adj. 
efficacious in counteracting fever 
or inflammation: n. any remedy 
which serves to check inflammatory 
symptoms. 

antiphon (an'ti-fon), or antiphone 
(-fon), n. a chant or hymn rendered 
alternately by two choirs, as in 
English cathedral services. 

antiphonetic (an-ti-fd-net'ik), adj. 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; mS, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



<* 



ANTIPHONY 46 ANTITHETIC 

similar in Bound; applied to words something of great age; a relic of 

which rhyme. antiquity. 

antiphony (an-tif'o-ni), n. [pi. an- antiquenesa (-nes), n. the quality 

tiphonies (-niz)], the alternate or 01 being ancient, or having the ap- 

responsive rendering of psalms or pearance of antiquity. 

chants by a dual choir; a musical antiquity (an-tik'wi-ti), n. \jpl. an- 

setting of sacred verses arranged tiquities (-tiz) ], great age; ancient- 

for alternate singing. ness; early ages; the people or races 

antiphrasis (an-tif'ra-sis), n. the of ancient times; that which be- 

employment of a word, or words, in longed to, or survives from, ancient 

a sense contrary to its, or their, true times; a relic. 

meaning. antiscorbutic (an-ti-sk6r-bu'tik), adj. 

antipodal (an-tip'o-dal), adj. per- & n. counteractant or remedial to 

taming to the antipodes; opposite scurvy. 

or extreme. . anti-Semite (an-ti-sem'it). n. one 

antipode (an'ti-pod), n. [pi. antip- who favors the. social ana political 



odes (an-tip'o-dez)], one who re- persecution of Jews, 
sides on the opposite \ side of the antisepsis (an-ti-sep'sis), n. the ex- 
earth; that which is directly oppo- elusion of bacteria from wounds, 
site to another. < &c, by the use of antiseptics. 

antipodean (an-tip-5-de'an), adj. be- antiseptic (an-ti-sep'tik), adj. de- 
longing to the antipodes: n. one who structive to the germs of disease or 
resides on the opposite side of the putrefaction: n. sl substance that 
earth. acts as a preventive to putrefaction. 

antipodes (an-tip'o-dez), n. pi. those antislavery (an-ti-sla'ver-i); adj. 

who, residing at opposite sides of opposed to slavery: n. opposition to 

the globe, have their feet directly slavery. 

opposed; the two portions of the antispasmodic ■ (an-ti-spaz-mod'ik), 

earth's surface which are exactly adj. counteractive to, or curative of, 

opposite to each other; the direct spasms: ». a medicine having such 

opposite of a person or thing. an effect. 

antipyretic (an-ti-pi-ret'ik), adj. pre- antisplenetic (an-ti-sple-net'ik), adj. 

Ventive of, or remedial to, fever: ». of use remedially in diseases of the 

a remedy of such nature. spleen: n. a medicine for spleen 

antiquarian (an-ti-kwar'i-an), adj. diseases, 

pertaining to antiquaries or to an- antistrophe (an-tis'tro-fe), n. in the 

tiquity: n. an antiquary. ancient Greek chorus, the alternat- 

antiquarianism (an-ti-kwar'i-an- ing part immediately following the 

izm), n. the attachment to what is strophe and sung in moving to the 

old or antiquated which character- right, the strophe having been sung 

izes the antiquary; the study or col- when moving to the left, 

lecting of antiquities. antithermic (an-ti-ther'mik), a. tend- 

antiquary (an'ti-kwar-i), n. one who ing to reduce the bodily temperature; 

is attached to ancient things, and same as antipyretic. 

is learned in their history; one who antithesis (an-tith'e-sis), (n. [pi. an- 

collects antiquities for the pur- titheses (-sez) ], opposition; contrast; 

pose of study. expression by contrast or opposition 

antiquated (an'ti-kwa-ted), p. adj. of words or sentiments, 
grown old; old-fashioned; obsolete; antithetic (an-ti-thet'ik), or anti- 
ancient, thetical (-al), adj. pertaining to, of 

antique (an-tek'), adj. of or belong- the nature of, or containing anti- 

ing to a former age; ancient: n. thesis. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ANTITOXIN 



„..„ 

used hypodermically as a preventive 
of, or cure for, certain diseases. 

antitrade (an'ti-trad), n. a tropical 
wind blowing steadily in an opposite 
direction to the trade wind. 

anti-trust (an'ti-trust), a. antagonistic 
to trusts or corporations formed to 
control trade, industries, &c. 

antitype (an'ti-tip), n. that which 
preceded the type, and of which the 
type is the prefigurement or repre- 
sentation. 

antizymotic (an-ti-zi-mot'ik) , adj. 
preventing fermentation: n. the 
agent so used. 

antler (ant'ler), n. the individual 
branches of a stag's horns; the 
horn in its complete condition. 

antonym (an'to-nym), n. a word 
meaning the opposite of some other 
word; as unhappy is the antonym 
of happy. 

anurous (a-nu'rus), adj. having the 
character of the Anura, as the frogs 
and toads, which are tailless when 
adult. 

anus (a'nus), n. the terminal portion 
of the rectum; the excremental ori- 
fice. 

anvil (an'vil), n. an iron block used 
for the hammering and shaping of 
metals. 

anxiety (ang-zi'e-ti), n. [pi. anxieties 
(-tiz) ], a condition of mental uneasi- 
ness arising from fear or solicitude. 

anxious (ang'shus), adj. deeply con- 
cerned; very solicitous; apprehen- 
sive. 

aorta (a-or'ta), n. [pi. aortae (-te) ], 
the chief artery or main trunk of the 
arterial system, opening from the left 
ventricle of the heart and supplying 
all parts of the body, excepting the 
lungs, with arterialized blood. 

apace (a-paV), adv. quickly; at a 
quick pace; speedily. 

Apache (a-pa'che), n. an American 
Indian; a Parisian ruffian. 

apart (a-part'), adv. separately; aside; 
asunder. 



47 



APHRODISIAC 



apartment (a-part 'ment), n. a room 
or part of a divided building: pi. 
a set or suite or two or more rooms 
of a house set apart as lodgings. 

apathetic (ap-a-thet'ik), or apa- 
thetical (-al), adj. devoid of, or 
insensible to, feeling or emotion. 

apathy (ap'a-thi), n. [pi. apathies 
(-thiz) ], lack of feeling; want of 
passion or emotion; indifference. 

apeak (a-pek'), adv. nearly vertical 
in position. 

aperient (a-per'i-ent), adj. > gently 
laxative; opening the bowels: n. a 
mild laxative medicine. 

aperiodic (a-per-i-od'ik), adj. without 
periodicity. 

aperitive (a-per'i-tiv), adj.', n. same as,' 
aperient. 

aperture (ap'er-tur), n. an opening, 
a perf oration^ or passage; the space 
between two intersecting right lines; 
the diameter of the exposed part of 
the object-glass of a telescope or 
other optical instrument. 

apetalous (a-pet'a-lus), adj. without 
petals or corolla. 

apex (a'peks), n. [pi. apices (ap'i- 
sez), & apexes (a/pek-sez) ], the 
point, tip, or summit of anything. 

aphagia (a-fa'ji-a), n. inability to 
swallow. 

aphasia (a-fa/zi-a), n. loss of the 
power of speech, or the appropriate 
use of words, due to disease or injury 
of the brain. 

aphelion (a-fe'li-on), n. [pi. aphelia 
(-a) ], that point in the orbit of a 
planet or a comet which is farthest 
from the sun. 

aphid (af'id), n. a plant-louse be- 
longing to the genus Aphis. 

aphides, pi. of Aphis. 

Aphis (a'fis), n. [pi. Aphides (af'i- 
dez) ], the genus of plant-suckers, 
to which the aphides belong; a 
member of the genus. 

aphorism (af'o-rizm), n. a concise 
and pithy statement of a rule or 
precept; a maxim. 

aphrodisiac (af-ro-diz'i-ac), n. a drug 
exciting sexual desire. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



APHTHONG 



48 



APOSTLE 



aph thong (af'th6ng), n. a letter or 
letters not sounded in a word. 

apiary (a/pi-a-ri), n. [pi. apiaries 
(-riz) ], a place where bees are kept; 
a bee-house. 

apiece (a-pes'), adv. to or for each; 
each; severally. 

apish (a/pish), adj. resembling an 
ape in manners; foppish; foolish. 

aplomb (a-plong')> n. self-possession; 
assurance. 

Apocalypse (a-pok'a-lips), n. the last 
book of the New Testament. 

Apocalyptic (a-pok-a-lip'tik), or 
Apocalyptical ('ti-kal), adj. per- 
taining to or containing the Apoca- 
lypse. 

apocope (a-pok'o-pe), n. the cutting 
off or deletion of the last letter or 
syllable of a word. 

apocrypha (a-pok'ri-fa), n.pl. used 
as a sing, with pi. apocryphas, 
(-faz), a writing, or something, of 
doubtful authorship; certain writ- 
ings received by some Christians as 
an authentic part of the Holy Scrip- 
tures, but rejected by others, as 
Ecclesiasticus. 

apod (ap'od), n. an animal without 
feet. 

apodictic (ap-o-dik'-tik), adj. absolute 
certainty. 

apodosis (a-pod'o-sis), n. the lat- 
ter portion, or consequent clause, of 
a conditional sentence. 

apogean (ap-o-je'an), or apogeic 
('ik), adj. pertaining to the apogee. 

apogee (ap'o-je), n. that point in the 
orbit of a planet which is most dis- 
tant from the earth. 

apologetic (a-pol-o-jet'ik), or apol- 
ogetical ('i-kal), adj. in the way 
of defense or apology. 

apologetics (a-pol-o-jet'iks), n. the 

defense. 

apologia (ap-o-lo'gi-a), n. an argu- 
ment in defense of one's actions or 
principles. 

apologist (a-pol'o-jist), or apolo- 
gizer (-ji-zer), n. one who apolo- 
gizes; one who pleads in extenua- 



tion or defense of the actions or 
principles of another. 

apologize (a-pol'o-jiz), v.i. to make 
an apology or excuse; to express re- 
gret or make amends for anything 
said or done, on one's own behalf or 
that of another: v.t. to write a de- 
fense of; to defend. 

apologue (ap'o-log), n. a moral 
fable; a fiction or allegory embody- 
ing a moral application, as iEsop's 
fables. 

apology (a-pol'o-ji), n. [pi. apolo- 
gies (-jiz) ], a vindication or ex- 
cuse; something spoken, written, or 
offered in defense or extenuation; 
an explanation by way of amends. 

apophthegm. See apothegm. 

apoplectic (ap-o-plek'tik), or apo- 
plectical ('ti-k&l), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, apoplexy; 
afflicted with apoplexy. 

apoplexy (ap'o-plek-si), n. the sud- 
den loss of consciousness and mo- 
tive power, resulting from cere- 
bral rupture. 

aport (a-port'), adv. on or towards 
the port or left side of a ship. 

apostasy (§,-pos'ta-si), n. [pi. apos- 
tasies (-siz) ], the forsaking or 
abandonment of what one has hith- 
erto professed or adhered to, as 
faith, principles, or party. 

apostate (a-pos'tat), n. one who has 
-forsaken or apostatized his faith or 
party; one who renounces his pro- 
fession after having been in holy 
orders: adj. false; traitorous; rene- 
gade. 

apostatical (ap-os-tat 'i-kal), adj. re- 
bellious, in the manner of apostasy; 
apostate. 

apostatize (a-pos'ta-tiz), v.i. to 
abandon one's faith, church, or 
party; change one's religion for an- 
other. 

a posteriori (a-pos-te-ri-6'ri), reason- 
ing founded on observation of facts, 
effects, or consequences, by means 
of which the causes are reached. 

apostle (a-pos'l), n. one charged 
with *a high mission; one of the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not: boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 









APOSTLES' CREED 



49 



APPEARANCE 



twelve persons specially selected by 
Christ to propagate His gospel 
(Luke vi. 13) ; one who performed 
apostolic functions, as St. Paul (I 
Cor. i. 1) ; the first missionary who 
plants the Christian faith in any 
region; one who labors with special 
success as a moral or social re- 
former. 

Apostles' Creed (kred), n. the 
shortest of the three creeds, so 
named as containing a summary of 
apostolical doctrine. 

apostolate (a-pos'to-lat), n. apostle- 
ship (now restricted to the dignity 
or office of the Pope). 

apostolic (ap-os-tol'ik), or apos- 
tolical • (-'i-kal), adj. & n. of or 
pertaining to an apostle or apostles, 
and their age, doctrine, or practice; 
papal. 

apostolical succession (suk-sesh' 
un), n. the regular and uninterrupted 
transmission of ministerial author- 
ity by bishops from the Apostles. 

apostrophe (a-pos'tro-f e), n. a break- 
ing off in a speech to address directly 
a person or persons who may or may 
not be present; the omission from a 
word of one or more letters, such 
omission being indicated by the sign 
O; the sign (') so employed in writ- 
ing or printing. 

apostrophize (a-pos'tro-fiz), v.t. to 
address by apostrophe; omit a let- 
ter or letters; mark an omission by 
the sign (') : v.i. to make an apos- 
trophe or short digressive address in 
speaking. 

apothecary (a-poth'e-ka-ri), n. [pi. 
apothecaries (-riz)], one who pre- 
pares and dispenses medicines and 
drugs for profit; one who is licensed 
to prescribe; a pharmacist. 

apothecaries' weight (wat), n. the 
weight used for dispensing drugs, 
and comprising the pound (12 oz.), 
the ounce \ (8 drachms), the drachm 
(3 scruples), the scruple (20 grs.), 
and the grain. 

apothegm (ap'o-them), n. a pithy say- 
ing, embodying a wholesome truth 



or precept. Also spelt apophthegm. 

apotheosis (ap-o-the'o-sis), n. [pi. 
apotheoses (-sez)], deification; the 
god-like personification bestowed up- 
on deceased emperors under the 
Roman Empire; excessive honor paid 
to a distinguished person; canon- 
ization. 

apotheosize (ap-o-the-o'slz), v.t. to 
exalt to the rank of a God; deify. 

appal (ap-pawl'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ap- 
palled, p. pr. appalling], to fright; 
depress or discourage by fear; dis- 
may; terrify. 

apparatus (ap-a-ra'tus), n. sing. & 
pi. an outfit of tools, utensils, or in- 
struments adapted to the accom- 
plishment of any branch of work, 
or for the performance of an ex- 
periment or operation; a set of such 
appliances,^ a group or set of organs 
concerned in the performance of a 
single function. 

apparel (a-par'el), n. clothing; ves- 
ture; garb, or dress; the equipment 
of a vessel: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. appar- 
eled, p. pr. appareling], to clothe or 
adorn; furnish or fit out. 

apparent (ap-pax'ent), adj. open to 
view; capable of being readily per- 
ceived or understood; evident; seem- 
ing, but not real. 

apparition (ap-a-rish'un), n. a vis- 
ible object; an appearance of some- 
thing not real or tangible; a ghost 
or specter; the first appearance of 
a luminary after obscuration: op- 
posed to occultation. 

appeal (ap-pel'),t>.£. to transfer or 
refer to a superior court or judge; 
to refer to another person or tri- 
bunal; entreat, call for, or invoke 
aid, sympathy, or mercy. 

appear (ap-peV), v. i. to be or be- 
come visible; come before; seem. 

appearance (ap-per'ans), n. the act 
of becoming visible the object seen; 
a phenomenon; an apparition; sem- 
blance; outward show; the act of 
coming before the public; coming 
into court; look; bearing or aspect. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



APPEASABLE 



50 



APPLY 



appeasable (ap-pez-za-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being appeased. 

appease (ap-pez'), v.t. to allay; as- 
suage; quiet; satisfy; pacify. 

appeasive (ap-pe'ziv), adj.- of a na- 
ture to appease; that tends to quiet 
or assuage. 

appellant (ap-pel'ant), n. one who 
appeals to a higher court; one who 
appeals to a judge, or to any tri- 
bunal. 

appellate (ap-pel'at), adj. pertaining 
to appeals; having cognizance of 
appeals: n. the person appealed 
against or called upon to appear. 

appellation (ap-e-la'shun), n. the 
name, title, or designation by which 
a person or thing is called or known; 
the act of appealing. 

appellative (ap-pel'a-tiv), adj. serving 
to distinguish, as a name or denomi- 
nation of a group or class; common, 
as a noun: n. a common, as dis- 
tinguished from a proper, name; 
the designation of a class. 

appellee (ap-e-le'), n. the person ap- 
pealed against; the defendant in an 
appeal. 

append (ap-pend'), v.t. to attach, 
hang, or suspend; subjoin or add 
to, as an accessory part; annex. 

appendage (ap-pen'daj), n. some- 
thing appended or attached as a part 
of; something added as an adjunct. 

appendant (ap-pen'd&nt), or ap- 
pendent ('dent), adi. attached or 
annexed: n. that which is appended 
or added'. 

appendicitis (ap-pen-di-sf'tis), n. 
inflammation of the vermiform ap- 
pendix of the caecum. 

appendix (ap-pen'diks), n. [pi. ap- 
pendixes ('dik-sez) & appendices 
('di-sez) ], that which is added as 
supplemental. 

apperception (ap-per-sep'shun), n. 
perception involving self-conscious- 
ness. The relation of new ideas to 
old ideas. 

appertain (ap-er-tan'), v.i. to belong 
or pertain to, as by relation or 
custom. 



appetite (ap'e-tit), n. the desire for 
gratification of some want, craving, 
or passion that is natural or acquired ; 
the relish for food induced by keen- 
ness of stomach. 

appetizer (ap'e-ti-zer), n. something 
that excites or whets the appetite. 

applaud (ap-plawd'), v.t. to praise; 
express approval or approbation by 
clapping of the hands or acclama- 
tion. 

applause (ap-plawz'), n. the ex- 
pression of approval by clapping; 
approbation openly shown by ac- 
clamation. 

appliance (ap-pli'ans), n. the act of 
applying; that which is used with, 
or as a part of, something else. 

applicability (ap-li-ka-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being applicable. 

applicable (ap'li-ka-bl), adj. capable 
of being, or fit to be, applied. 

applicant (ap'li-kant), n. one who 
applies, or prefers a request for 
something; a petitioner. 

application (ap-li-ka/shun), n. the 
act of applying, putting to, or on; 
the thing applied; the applying or 
reducing to practice; the practical 
demonstration of a principle; the 
act of requesting; request; mental 
assiduousness. 

applicative (ap'li-ka-tiv), adj. capable 
of being applied. 

applicatory (ap'li-ka-to-ri),^^'. fitness 
to be applied: n. that which applies. 

applied (ap-plid'), p. adj. practical. 

applique (ap-li-ka/), n. a method of 
ornamentation in dress or uphol- 
stery in which portions or figures 
cut from other patterns are fixed or 
applied to a groundwork or founda- 
tion of any material. 

apply (ap-pli'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ap- 
plied, p.pr. applying], to place one 
to another; lay on; put into prac- 
tice; devote to a particular purpose; 
refer or ascribe as fitting to a per- 
son or thing; address or direct; fix 
the mind upon: v.i. to suit; have 
connection with or reference to; 
make application to. 



ate. arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



. 



APPOINT 



51 



APPROVABLE 



appoint (ap-poinf), v.t. to fix; settle; 
found; make fast; establish by 
decree; assign or ordain; fix the 
time and order of ; furnish or equip; 
v.i. to decree; ordain; determine. 

appointee (ap-poin-te'), n. one in 
whose favor an appointment is made. 

apportion (ap-por'shun), v.t . to assign 
by equal or proportionate division; 
distribute or set out in just propor- 
tions. 

apposite (ap'o-zit), adj. proper; fit; 
pertinent; well-adapted. 

apposition (ap-o-zish'un), n. the act 
of adding; addition by application, 
or pla 'ing together; the placing of a 
second noun in the same case in 
juxtaposition to the first, which it 
characterizes or explains, as St. 
Mark, the Evangelist. 

appositional (ap-o-zish'un-al), adj. 
belonging to apposition. 

appraisal (ap-pra/zal), n. the act of 
appraising, or putting a price upon 
with a view to sale. 

appraise (ap-praz'), v.t. to set a 
price upon; value; estimate the 
worth of, as by a licensed appraiser. 

appraiser (ap-pra/zer), n. one who 
appraises.; a person licensed and 



apprehensible (ap-re-hen'si-bl), adj. 
capable of being apprehended or 
conceived. 

apprehension (ap-re-hen'shun), n. 
the act of seizure or laying hold of; 
arrest; the act of conceiving; per- 
ception; anticipation of evil; fear 
or distrust of the future. 

apprehensive (ap-re-hen'siv), adj. 
capable of apprehending; quick to 
learn, or grasp; fearful of evil; 
anxious for the future. 

apprentice (a-pren'tis), n. one bound 
or articled by indenture to serve a 
certain number of years to learn 
some trade or craft; a novice or 
tyro; v.t. to put under the care of a 
master for instruction in some trade 
or craft. 

apprize (a-priz'), v.t. to give notice 
to; inform. 

approach (ap-pr5ch'), v.i. to draw 
or grow near; approximate: v.t. to 
resemble, come near to. 

approbate (ap'ro-bat), v.t. to express 
approval of; license or sanction. 

approbation (ap-ro-ba/shun), n. the 
act of approving; commendation. 

approbativeness (-nes), n. love of 
pra se or fame; ambition. 



sworn to estimate the value of goods approbatory (ap'ro-ba-to-ri), adj. con 



or estates. 

appreciable (ap-pre'shi-a-bl), adj. 
capable of being appreciated, per- 
ceived, or estimated. 

appreciate (ap-pre-shi-at), v.t. to 
value; estimate the worth of; es- 
teem highly; prize; be sensible of; 
raise in value. 

appreciation (ap-pre-shi-a'shun), n. 
the just valuation, or proper esti 
mate of worth or merit 
value. 

appreciative (ap-pre'shi-a-tiv), adj. 
exhibiting appreciation. 

appreciatory (ap-pr e'shi-a-to-ri) , 
adj. expressive of admiration. 

apprehend (ap-re-hend'), v.t. to take 
or lay hold of; seize; arrest; take 
a mental hold of; anticipate or ex- 
pect: v.i. to incline to belief; form 
a conception. 



taming or expressing approbation. 

appropriable (ap-pro'pri-a-bl), adj. 
capable of appropriation. 

appropriate (ap-pro'_pri-at), v.t. to 
take to one's self, in exclusion of 
others; claim or use, as by an ex- 
clusive right; set apart or assign to 
a particular use; annex a benefice to 
a religious corporation: adj. peculiar; 
fit; apt. 
a rise in appropriation (ap-pro-pri-a'shun), n. 
the act of assigning to one's self, 
or to a particular use or person; 
application to a special use or pur- 
pose; the annexation % of a benefice 
to a religious corporation. 

appropriator (ap-pro'pri-a-ter), n. 
one who appropriates; one who holds 
an appropriated benefice. 

approyable (ap-proo'va-bl), adj. de- 
serving of or meriting approval. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



APPROVAL 



52 



AQUATIC 



approval (ap-pr5ov'al), n. approba- 
tion; sanction; ratification; consent. 

approve (ap-proov'), v.t. to prove, 
test, or demonstrate; ratify; pro- 
nounce efficient or sufficient; be 
pleased or satisfied with; commend: 
v.i. to express approval (usually fol- 
lowed by of). 

approver (ap-prSo'ver), n. one who 
approves. 

approximate (ap-prok'si-mat), v.t. 
to bring or carry near; cause to ap- 
proach: v.i. to draw near; approach 
closely: adj. making approach to; 
near m resemblance or position. 

approximation (ap-prok-si-ma'- 
shun), n. the act of approximating: 
approach to anything as a standard; 
continual approach in exactness to 
the quantity sought, without actual- 
ly arriving at it; a value nearly but 
not quite correct. 

appulse (ap-puls'), or appulsion 
(-pul'shun), n. a coming toward; 
the near approach of a planet to a 
conjunction with the sun or any 
fixed star. , 

appurtenance (ap-per'te-nans), n. 
that which belongs or relates to 
something else; an adjunct or ap- 
pendage; that which belongs to, or is 
accessory to, an estate or property. 

appurtenant (ap-peVte-nant), adj. 
belonging or pertaining to; acces- 
sory. 

apricot (a'pri-kot & ap'ri-kot), n. the 
fruit of a tree, allied to the plum. 

April fool (fool), n. one who is im- 
posed upon or deceived in a jocular 
manner on April 1st, or All Fools' 
Day. 

a priori (a pri-5'ri), from something 
prnr; proceeding from antecedent 
to consequent. 

apron (a'prun), n. a portion of cloth, 
leather, or other material, worn as 
a protective or ornamental covering 
to the front of the person. 

apropos (a-pro-po'), adv. to the pur- 
pose; to the point; opportunely; in 
respect (followed by of) : adi. season- 
able; happy. Written also a propos. 



apse (aps), n. [pi. apses (-ez)], a 
polygonal or semicircular recess ter- 
minating the choir or other portion 
of a church. 

apsidal (ap'si-dal), adj. pertaining to 
the apsides. 

apsis (ap'sis), n. [pi. apsides ('si-dez)J, 
one of two points in the orbit of a 
planet situated at the furthest or 
the least distance from the central 
body or sun; the imaginary line con- 
necting these points. 

apt (apt), adj. suitable j pertinent; 
appropriate; liable; inclined; ready; 
expert; quick of apprehension. 

apteral (ap'te-ral),^'. without wings; 
without side-columns. 

apterous (ap'te-rus), adj. destitute 
of wings, or wing-like expansions. 

apteryx (ap'te-riks), n. a wingless and 
tailless bird peculiar to New Zealand. 

aptitude (ap'ti-tud), n. capacity for 
anything ; fitness; tendency; readi- 
ness in learning. 

aqua (a/kwa), n. a term much used 
in pharmacy in the abbreviated form 
of Aq. and denoting the addition of 
water. 

aqua ammonia? (am-mo'ni-e), water 
containing an infusion of ammonia- 
gas. 

aqua fort is (for 'tis), n. (strong wa- 
ter), impure nitric acid. 

aqua regia (a'kwa re'ji-a), n. (royal- 
water), a mixture of nitric and 
hydrochloric acids, capable of dis- 
solving gold. 

aqua vitae (a'kwa Vi'te), n. (water 
of life) unrectified alcohol; brandy 
and other ardent spirits. 

aquamarine (a'kwa-ma-ren')> n. a 
pale bluish-green variety of beryl; a 
color resembling the precious beryl. 

aquarium (a-kwar'i-um), n. [pi. 
aquaria (-a) & aquariums (-umz) ], 
a tank or globe for the keeping and 
cultivation of aquatic plants and ani- 
mals; a series of such receptacles. 

aquatic (a-kwat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to water; growing or living in or 
upon water; performed in or upon 
water, as sports: n. an animal or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; b56i 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



^ 



AQUATINT 



53 



ARCANUM 



\ 



plant inhabiting water: pi. aquatic 
sports. 

aquatint (a'kwa-tint), n. a species 
of etching resembling a water-color 
drawing in India ink or in sepia; an 
engraving produced by this process: 
v.t. to etch or engrave in aquatint. 

aqueduct (ak'we-dukt), n. a struc- 
ture in the form of a conduit or ar- 
tificial channel for conducting water 
from a source, as for the supply of 

large city. 
ueous (a/kwe-us), adj. of the nature 
of, or abounding in, water; watery; 
formed in or by means of water. 

aquiform (a-kwi-f6rm),ad/. having 
the form of water; liquid. 

aquiline (ak'wi-lin & -lin), adj. be- 
longing to or resembling an eagle; 
curved, as the beak of an eagle. 

Arab (ar'ab), n. a native of Arabia; 
a desert-dweller; one of the Arabic 
races spread over the African and 
Syrian deserts; a homeless street- 
urchin or outcast: adj. pertaining 
to Arabia or the Arabs. 

arabesque (ar-a-besk'), n. the style 
of Arabic decorative art, which con- 
sists of the painting, inlaying, or 
carving in low relief of figures of 
plants, fruits, flowers, and foliage, 
variously combined or fantastically 
grouped: adj. pertaining to or ex- 
hibiting the arabesque style of 
ornamentation: v.t. enrich with 
ornament in arabesque. 

Arabic numerals (-num'er-alz), n.pl. 
the figures 0, 1, 2, 3, &c, of Indian 
origin, used by the Arabs and 
introduced into Europe in the 
12th century. 

arable (ar'a-bl), adj. fit for the plow; 
suited to the purposes of cultivation. 

arbiter (ar'bi-ter), n. an umpire or 
judge; an arbitrator. 

arbitrament (ar-bit'ra-ment), n. the 
decision of arbitrators; an award. 

arbitrarily (-li), adv. in a capricious 

t manner; imperiously. 

arbitrary (ar'bi-trar-i), adj. depending 
on the will of the arbiter; discretion- 
ary; capricious; imperious. 



arbitrate (ar'bi-trat), v.i. to act as 
arbiter; to settle a dispute, as an 
umpire; mediate. 

arbitration (ar-bi-tra'shun), n. the set- 
tlement of a dispute by an umpire. 

arbitrator (ar'bi-tra-ter), n one 
chosen by the parties in a dispute to 
settle it; an umpire. 

arbor (arlDer), n. a bower; a shaded 
nook or walk. 

Arbor 'Day (arl)er da), a day legally 
set apart in certain states for plant- 
ing trees. 

arboraceous (ar-bo-ra'shus), adj. per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, a tree 
or trees; living on or among trees. 

arboreous (ar-bo're-us) or arboreal 
(-al), adj. pertaining to trees; 
wooded. 

arborescence (ar-bo-res'ens), w„ 
something having the shape of a. 
tree, as certain crystals. 

arboretum (ar-bo-re'tum), n. [pi. 
arboreta, (-ta) & arboretuma 
(-tumz) j, a place in which rare 
trees are cultivated and exhibited. 

arboriculture (ar-ber-i-kul'tur), n. 
the cultivation of trees. 

arborise (ar-ber-e-za'), adj. marked 
like the branching of trees, as agates, 
enamels, &c. 

arbor ous (ar^er-us), adj. having the 
appearance or nature of an arbor. 

arbor-vitae (ar-ber-vi'te), n. an ever- 
green tree extensively cultivated 
in gardens, &c. 

arc (ark), n. sl curved line or any 
part of a curve forming the segment 
of a circle; the portion of a circle 
described by the sun or any heavenly 
body in its apparent passage through 
the heavens. 

arc-light (-lit), a light produced by 
a current of electricity passing be- 
tween two carbon points placed a 
short distance from each other 

arcade (ar-kad'), n. a series of arches 
supported by pillars; an arched gal- 
lery, or promenade, lined with shops. 

arcadian (ar-ka'di-an), adj rurally 
simple. 

arcanum (ar-ka/num), n. [pi. arcana 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ARCH 



54 



ARCHITRAVE 



('na) ], a secret; a mystery; a val- 
uable elixir. 

arch (arch), n. structure of brick or 
masonry, the component wedge- 
shaped parts of which follow a 
curved line; any curvature having 
the form of an arch. 

archaeo logic (ar-ke-o-loj'ik) or 
archaeological ('i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to the study of antiquities. 

archaeologist or archeologist (ar- 
ke-ol'o-jist), n. one versed in the 
study of ancient things; an anti- 
quary. 

archaeology or archeology (ar-ke- 
ol'o-ji), n. the science of antiquities; 
the study of prehistoric remains, or 
the relics of the early races of 
mankind. 

archaic (ar-ka'ik) or archaical 
('i-kal), adj. pertaining to a remote 
period; characterized by antiquity; 
old-fashioned; antiquated. 

archaism (ar'ka-izm), n. antiquity 
of style or use; an antiquated, old- 
fashioned, or obsolete word, expres- 
sion, or idiom. 

archangel (ark-an'jel), ft. an angel 
of the highest order. 

archbishop (arch-bish'up), n. a chief 
bishop, one who supervises the 
bishops in his province, and also ex- 
ercises episcopal authority in his 
own diocese. 

archbishopric (arch-bish'up-rik), n. 
the jurisdiction, office, or see of an 
archbishop. 

archdeacon (arch-de'kn), n. digni- 
tary ranking next below a bishop, 
and who acts as his vicar or vice- 
regent. 

archducal (arch-du'kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to an archduke or an archduchy. 

archduchess (arch-duch'es); n. the 
wife of an archduke; a daughter of 
the Emperor of Austria. 

archduke (arch-duk'), n. .a prince of 
the imperial house of Austria. 

archebiosis (ar-ke-bi-o'sis), n. the 
origination of living from non-living 
matter; abiogenesis. 



archegony (ar-keg'o-ni), n. the doc- 
trine of the origin of life. 

archenemy (arch-en'e-mi), n. a princi- 
pal enemy; Satan. 

archer (ar'cher), n. a bowman; one 
skilled in the use of the bow and 
arrow. 

archer-fish (-fish), n. a scaly-finned 
fish of the Java seas, which catches 
insects by darting drops of water 
upon them. 

archery (ar'cher-i), n. the art, prac- 
tice, or skill of one who uses the 
bow and arrow. 

archetye (ar'ke-tip), n. the original 
type or pattern upon or after which 
a thing is made; a model; the orig- 
inal or fundamental iiype-structure 
from which a natural group of 
plants or animals are assumed to 
have descended. 

archetypic (ar-ke-tip'ik), arche- 
typal (-ti'pal), or archetypical 
(-tip'i-kal), adj. of or pertaining to 
an archetype. 

archibald (ar'chl-bald), n. a 1916 
type of British aeroplane, 

archiepiscopacy (ar-ki-e-pis'ko-pa- 
si), n. the rule or dignity of an 
archbishop. 

archipelago (ar-ki-pel'a-go), n. [pi. 
archipelagoes & -gos (-goz) ], any 
sea or body of salt water inter- 
spersed with numerous islands; the 
island-group itself. 

architect (ar'ki-tekt), n. one versed 
in the art of building and the vari- 
ous styles of architecture; one who 
plans or designs buildings and su- 
perintends their construction, hence 
one who forms or designs. 

architectonics (ar-ki-tek-ton'iks), 
n.pl. the science of architecture. 

architectural (ar-ki-tek'tii-ral), adj. 
pertaining to the art of building; in 
accordance with the rules of the 
building art. 

architecture (ar'ki-tek-tur), n. the 
science or art of building; the meth- 
od or style of building; construc- 
tion; workmanship. 

architrave (ar'ki-trav), n. the low- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ARCHIVAL 



55 



ARGOSY 



est division of an entablature, or 
that part which rests immediately 
on the column. 

archival (ar-ki'val & arlri-val), adj. 
pertaining to, or included in state 
records. 

archive (arTdv), n. [pi. archives 
(-kivz) ], a record preserved as evi- 
dence: pi. the place where public or 
state records are kept; state or pub- 
he documents, or records of histori- 
cal value pertaining to a nation or 
to a family. 

archness (-nes), n. shyness; coyness. 

archon (ar'kon), n. a chief magis- 
trate of ancient Athens; one of the 
nine chief magistrates chosen to su- 
perintend civil and religious matters. 

archpriest (arch'prest), n. a chief 
priest; a rural dean. 

archway (arch'wa), n. an opening or 
passage beneath an arched or vaulted 
roof. 

arcograph (ark'5-graf), n. an in- 
strument for drawing an arc with- 
out the use of a central point. 

arctic (ark'tik), adj. pertaining to 
the region of the north pole; polar; 
northern; frigid. 

arctic circle (seVkl), n, an imagin- 
ary circle parallel to the equator and 
distant 23° 28' from the north pole. 

ardent (ar'dent), adj. hot; burning; 
fiery; warm; glowing; passionate; 
eager; zealous; vehement. 

ardent spirits (spir'itz), n.pl. alco- 
holic beverages, as brandy, whiskey, 
&c. 

ardor (ar'der), n. heat in a physical 
sense; warmth of affection or pas- 
sion; eager desire; zeal. 

arduous (ar^du-us), adj. steep; hard 
to climb; attended with great labor 
or exertion; difficult. 

are (ax), n. the unit of French super- 
ficial or square measure containing 
100 sq. meters or 1076.44 English 
sq. ft. 

area (ar'e-a), n. [pi. areas (-az)], 
any plane surface haying bounds, 
whether natural or artificial, as the 
floor of a hall, &c; any defined ex- 



tent of land-surface; the sunken 
space situated at the base of a build- 
ing and separating it from the street; 
the superficial contents of any space 
or figure; extent; range; scope; a 
compass of ore allotted to miners. 

arena (a-re'na), n. [pi. arenas (-naz)J, 
the central enclosed space (usually 
strewn with sand) of a Roman am- 
phitheater, in which the gladiatorial 
combats took place; hence the scene 
or field for combat or exertion of any 
kind. 

arenaceous (ar-e-na'shus), adj. 
sandy; abounding in, or having the 
properties of, sand. 

Areopagus (ar-e-op'a-gus), n. the 
tribunal, or highest court, of ancient 
Athens, so named from its situation 
on the hill of Ares (Mars); hence 
any high court or tribunal. 

Argand lamp (lamp), n. a lamp hav- 
ing a hollow circular wick to permit 
the passage of air inside and outside 
the flame. 

argent (ar'jent), n. the silver of a 
coat of arms, represented in drawing 
or engraving by a plain white sur- 
face, symbolical of purity, beauty, 
&c. : adj. made of, or resembling, sil- 
ver; silvery white; bright like silver. 

argentite (ar'jen-tit), n. sulphide of 
silver of a lead-grey color. 

argentous (ar-jen'tus), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or containing, silver. 

argil (ar'jil), n. potters' clay or earth. 

argillaceous (ar-ji-la'shus), adj. of 
the nature of, or containing, clay; 
clayey. 

argillite (ar'ji-lit), n. clay-state. 

argol (ar'gol), n. crude tartar from 
which cream of tartar is prepared. 

argon (ar'gun), n. an element asso- 
ciated with nitrogen, and forming 
one of the constituents of the air. 

argonaut (ar'go-nawt), n. a cepha- 
lopod commonly known as the pa- 
per-nautilus, and paper-sailor of the 
Mediterranean. 

argosy (ar'go-^si), n. [pi. argosies 
(-siz)], a large richly-freighted mer- 
chant-vessel. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ARGOT 



56 



ARMATURE 



argot (ar'go), n. slang. 

arguable (ar'gti-a-bl), adj. capable 
of being disputed or discussed. 

argue (ar'gu), v.i. to show or offer 
reasons in support of, or in opposi- 
tion to, a proposition, opinion, or 
measure; to reason, dispute, discuss; 
contend in debate: v.t. to debate or 
discuss; prove or evince. 

argument (ar'gti-ment), n. that 
which is advanced in support or 
proof with a view to persuade or 
convince the mind; a discussion, 
controversy, or debate; the subject of 
a discourse or writing; an abstract 
or summary of a book. 

argumentation (ar-gu-men-ta'- 
shun), n. the act of arguing; discus- 
sion. 

argus-eyed (ar'gus-Id), adj. watch- 
ful; vigilant; extremely observant. 

aria (ar'e-a &* ar'-i-a), n. an air; a 
melody or tune for single voice with 
accompaniment; a solo part in a 
cantata or oratorio, &c. 

Arian (a/ri-an), adj. pertaining to 
the doctrines of the Arian sect. 

Arianism (a / ri-an-ism),the doctrine 
of the Arian sect, denying the divin- 
ity of Christ. 

arid (ar'id), adj. dry; parched up; 
barren. 

aridity (a-rid'i-ti) or aridness (ar'- 
id-nes), n. the state of being dry; 
dryness; want of life or interest. 

arietta (ar-e-et'ta), n. a short song 
or air. 

aright (a-rif), adv. rightly; in a right 
way or form; without sin or error. 

arise (a-rlz'), v.i. [p.t. arose, p.p. 
arisen, p. pr. arising], to mount up 
or ascend; to come into view; rise 
or get up; spring up; come into 
existence or action; originate. 

aristocracy (ar-is-tok'ra-si), n. [pi. 

• aristocracies (-siz) ], government by 
persons of the highest rank in a 
state; the nobility or chief persons 
in a state. 

aristocrat (ar'is-to-krat & a-ris'to- 
krat), n. a personage of rank and 
noble birth; one who upholds the 



aristocracy or favors government 
by the nobles; a person who pos- 
sesses traits supposed to charac- 
terize the nobility. 

aristocratism (ar'is-to-krat-izm & 
ar-is-tok'ra-tizm), n. the rank, con- 
dition, or privileges of one of noble 
birth; the principles of aristocracy. 

arithmetic (a-rith'me-tik), n. the 
science of numbers; the art of com- 
putation by figures. 

arithmetician (a-rith-me-tish'an), n. 
one skilled in the science of numbers. 

ark (ark), n. the repository of the 
Covenant, or tables of the Law, in 
the Jewish Tabernacle (Exod. xxv.), 
and subsequently placed in the Tem- 
ple of Solomon (I Kings viii.) ; the 
vessel in which Noah and his family 
were preserved during the Deluge, 
hence a place of safety or refuge; 
a large boat used for transporting 
produce on American rivers. 

armada (ar-ma/da), n. fleet of war 
vessels; especially the Spanish fleet 
sent against England in 1588, and 
destroyed off the English coast by 
the English fleet. 

arm-pit (arm'-pit), n. the cavity be- 
neath the shoulder; the axilla. 

armadillo (ar-ma-diro), n. [pi. ar- 
madillos ('oz) ], a South American 
quadruped, armed with a bony shell 
divided into belts consisting of nu- 
merous small plates, and resembling 
a coat of mail; an electric battery 
so named, worn round the body as 
a cure for nervous and other affec- 
tions. 

armageddon (ar-mag'ed-don), n. 
a mighty battle against evil, used 
figuratively. See Rev. 16: 16-20. 

armament (ar'ma-ment), n. a body 
of forces equipped for war, either 
military or naval; the cannon and 
small arms collectively of a warship 
or fortification; the number and 
weight of guns of a war-vessel. 

armature (ar'ma-tur), n. armor: 
that which serves as a means of de- 
fense; a piece of soft iron connecting 
the poles of a magnet, or elec- 



ate, arm, Lsk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5L, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



- 



ARMFUL 



57 



ARRANT 



tro-magnet, to preserve- and increase 
the magnetic force; iron bars or 
frame-work used to strengthen a 
building. 

armful (arm'fool), n. as much as can 
be compassed by the arms. 

armistice (ar'mis-tis), n. a tempo- 
rary cessation of hostilities agreed 
upon by opposing forces; a truce. 

armlet (arm'let), n. a small arm of 
the sea; a metal band for the arm 
used for ornament or for protection. 

armoire (ar-mwar'), n. a movable 
cupboard with doors. 

armor (ar'mer), n. defensive arms; 
protective covering for the body in 
battle ; the steel plating of a warship . 

armor-clad (-klad), adj. ironclad: 
n. a war vessel protected by steel 
plating. 

armor-grating (-gra/ting), n. deep 
iron gratings used to protect the 
boilers of ironclads from missiles 
during an engagement. 

armor-plate (-plat), n. a plate of 
iron or steel intended to be affixed 
to the side of a ship as part of a 
casing for protection against shell fire. 

armorer (ar'mor-er), n. formerly a 
maker of arms or armor, or one who 
had charge of the armor of another; 
the custodian of the arms of a troop 

, or battleship. 

armorial (ar-mo'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to armor or to the arms or es- 
cutcheon of a family: n. a book or 
dictionary of heraldic devices and 
the names of persons entitled to use 
. them. ' 

armory] (ar'mer-i), n. [pi. -ries, 
(-rizX], a place for arms or the as- 
sembly of soldiers; a manufactory 
of arms. 

arms (armz), n.pl. weapons of offense 
or defense; the military service; war 
as a profession; armorial bearings. 

army (ar'mi), n. [pi. armies (-miz) ], 
a body of men trained and equipped 
for war, and organized in regiments, 
brigades, or similar divisions under 
proper officers; a great number or 



multitude; an organized body of 
persons engaged in moral warfare. 

army-worm (-werm), n. the larva of 
a moth which devastates grain and 
other crops. 

arnica (ar'ni-ka), n. a genus of per- 
ennial herbs; the mountain tobac- 
co: from the roots or flowers of a 
species of this herb a valuable ex- 
ternal remedy for bruises is made. 

aroma (a-ro'ma), n. [pi. aromas 
('maz) ], the odor exhaled by plants 
or other substances, generally of an 
agreeable or spicy nature; perfume; 
fragrance. 

aromatic (ar-o-mat'ik) or aromat- 
ical ('i-kal), adj. giving out aro- 
ma; fragrant; spicy; odoriferous: 
n. a plant, herb, or drug yielding a 
fragrant smell. 

aromatic-vinegar (-vin'e-gar), n. 
a powerful perfume composed of 
strong acetic acid, the essential oils 
of lavender, camphor, &c. 

aromatous (a-ro'ma-tus), adj. full of 
fragrance; aromatic. 

arose (a-roz'), P-t. of arise. 

arousal (a-rou'zal), n. the act of 
awakening; the state of being awak- 
ened. 

arouse (a-rouz'), v.t. to excite or stir 
to action; put in motion that which 
is at rest; awaken from sleep or a 
state of inactivity; stimulate; ani- 
mate. 

arow (a-r6')i adv. in a row; in order; 
successively. 

arraign (a-ran')> v.t to summon or 
set, as a prisoner at the bar of a 
court to answer to a charge; cen- 
sure publicly; impeach; indict. 

arrangement (a-ranj'ment), n. the 
act of putting in proper form or or- 
der; that which is ordered or dis- 
posed; the method or style of dis- 
position; a preparatory measure; 
preparation; settlement; classifica- 
tion; adjustment; adaptation. 

arrant (ar'ant), adj. notorious; un- 
mitigated; thorough or downright 
(in a bad sense) ; shameless. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ARRAS 



58 



ART 



arras (ar'as), n. tapestry; hangings 
made of rich figured fabric. 

arrasene or arasene (ar-as-sen'), n. 
a kind of mixed thread of wool and 
silk used in raised embroidery. 

array (ar-ra'), n. order; the group- 
ing or arrangement of a body of men 
as drawn up for battle; an orderly 
collection or series of things impos 
ingly displayed; dress arranged on 
the person; apparel: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
-ed, p.pr. -ing], to place or dispose 
in order; marshal; deck or dress. 

arrayal (ar-ra/al), n. the process of 
arraying. 

arrear (ar-rer'), n. the state of being 
behind-hand; that which is not done, 
is outstanding, or unpaid. 

arrearage (ar-rer'aj), n. the state 
or condition of being in arrears; 
that which remains unpaid and 
overdue after a previous payment. 

arrest (ar-resf), v.t. to stop or stay; 
check or hinder the action or motion 
of; seize, take, or apprehend by le- 
gal authority; seize and fix, as the 
eye or attention: n. the act of seiz- 
ing; stoppage or holding back by 
force or restraint; the state of being 
seized or detained by legal au- 
thority. 

arriere-ban (ar-ri-yar'ban), n. reserve 
force of the French National Guard. 

arris (ar'is), n. the line or edge in 
which two curved or straight sur- 
faces of a body, forming an exterior 
angle, meet each other. 

arris-wise (-wiz), adv. diagonally 
laid, like tiles; ridge-wise. 

arrival (ar-ri-val), n. the act of com- 
ing to a place, or reaching a destina- 
tion from a distanee; attainment of 
any object; the person or thing ar- 
riving, or which has arrived. 

arrive (ar-riv'), v.i. to come to or 
reach, as a destination; reach a 
point or stage; gain or compass an 
object; attain to a state or result 
[with af\. 

arrogance (ar'ro-gans), n. an undue 
degree of self-importance; an exor- 
bitant claim to dignity, rank, or 



estimation; a lordly contempt of 
others. 

arrogant (ar'ro-gant), > adj. making 
exorbitant claims to dignity or esti- 
mation, by presuming upon one's self- 
importance; overbearingly haughty. 

arrogate (ar'ro-gat), v.t. to assume 
or lay claim to unduly, or with pre- 
sumptuous pride. 

arrogation (ar-ro-ga'shun), n. the 
act of arrogating. 

arrow (ar'ro), n. a slender, pointed 
missile weapon, usually feathered 
and barbed, made to be shot from a 
bow. 

arrow characters (kar'ak-ters) , n. 
pi. the arrow-headed (cuneiform or 
wedge-shaped) characters of the As- 
syrian inscriptions. 

arrowroot (ar'ro-root), n. a starch 
obtained from the rootstocks of sev- 

' eral species of West Indian plants. 

arroyo (a-roi'd), n. [pi. arroyos 
(-oz) ], a watercourse or rivulet; 
the dry bed of a small stream. 

arsenal (ar'se-nal), n. a magazine 
for the storage of arms and military 
stores for land or naval service, or 
their manufacture. 

arsenic (ar'se-nik), n. an element of 
steel-gray color and brilliant luster, 
and exceedingly brittle, occurring 
usually in combination. 

arsenious (ar-se'ni-us), adj. pertain- 
ing to or containing arsenic. 

arsis (ar'sis), n. that part of a foot 
where the metrical accent is placed. 

arson (ar'sn), n. the malicious firing 
of any building, agricultural pro.d- 
duce, ship, &c, belonging to anoth- 
er, or one's own property, with the 
intent to defraud an insurance office. 

art (art), n. the employment of 
means to the accomplishment of 
some end; the skilful adaptation 
and application to some purpose or 
use of knowledge or power acquired 
from Nature; a system of rules and 
established methods to facilitate the 
performance of certain actions; fa* 
miliarity with such principles, and 
skill in applying them to an end or 



ate, arm, ask, at. awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon; 
book; hue, hut; think, ther 



" 



ARTERIAL 



59 



ARTILLERY 



: 



purpose, as of a practical, useful, or 
technical character: opposed to sci- 
ence; one of the fine arts. 

arterial (ar-ter'i-al), adj. pertaining 
to an artery or the arteries; con- 
tained in an artery. 

arterialization (ar-ter-i-al-i-za'- 
shun), n. the process of converting 
venous blood into arterial blood. 

arterialize (ar-ter'i-al-iz), v.t. to con- 
vert venous blood into arterial 
blood by exposure to oxygen in the 
lungs. 

arteriology (ar-te'ri-ol'o-ji), n. that 
branch of anatomy which treats of 
the arteries. 

arteriosclerosis ^ (ar-te'ri-6-skle-ro'- 
sis), n. thickening of the walls of 
the arteries, with more or less hard- 
ening, due to defects of assimilation 
or to senility. 

arteriotomy (ar-ter-i-ot'o-mi), n. the 
opening of an artery; the part of 
anatomy treating of the dissection 
of the arteries. 

artery (ar'ter-i), n. [pi. arteries (-iz)J, 
one of a system of tubes or vessels 
which convey the blood from the 
heart to all parts of the body. 
rtesian well (ar-te'zhan wel), n. a 
well formed by boring, often to 
great depth, through strata the na- 
ture and arrangement of which 
permit of the permeation and accum- 
ulation of water; on being freed from 
constraint, the water rises by pres- 
sure in the tube and overflows at the 
surface. 

artful (art 'fool), adj. cunning; crafty. 

arthritis (ar-thri'tis), n. any inflam- 
mation of the joints; the gout. 

artichoke (ar'ti-chok), n. a plant 
with thistle-like foliage, and bearing 
large terminal flower-heads, the low- 
er portion of which, consisting of a 
fleshy receptacle covered with thick 
scales, is used as food; the tuberous 
root of an American sunflower 
(Helianthits tuberosis), used as a 
substitute for potatoes. 

article (ar'ti-kl), n. a distinct portion 
or member; a single clause, item, or 



particular, as in a formal agree- 
ment or treaty; a concise statement. 
a prose composition, complete, in 
itself, in a newspaper, magazine, or 
work of reference; a material thing, 
as one of a class; an item; a point of 
duty, faith, or doctrine; one of the 
words (an [a before consonant- 
sounds], the indefinite article, and 
the, the definite article [see a, an, & 
the]) used before nouns or substan- 
tives to define or limit their applica- 
tion; a jointed segment connecting 
two parts of a limb or body: v.t. to 
bind by articles of covenant or stip- 
ulation; specify. 

articular (ar-tik'ti-lar), adj. pertain- 
ing to the joints or to a joint. 

articulate (ar-tik'ii-lat), v.t. to joint; 
unite by means of a joint; to form 
words; utter in distinct syllables; 
speak as a human being: v.i. to 
unite or form an articulation (with) ; 
utter articmlate sounds; speak with 
distinctness: adj. jointed; formed 
with joints; segmented; character- 
ized by syllabic division; uttered 
with distinctness. 

articulator (ar-tik'ti-la-ter) , n. one 
Who . pronounces distinctly; an in- 
strument to cure stammering; an 
apparatus attached to a telephone 
to secure regularity of tone; one who 
mounts skeletons. 

tifice (ar'ti-fis), n. an artful or 
crafty device; an ingenious expedi- 
ent; a trick or stratagem; a ma- 
noeuvre. • 

artificer (ar-tif i-ser) , n. a skilled or 
artistic worker; a mechanic; a maker 
or constructor; an inventor. 

artificial (ar-ti-fish'al), adj. made or 
contrived by art; produced by hu- 
man skill or labor; feigned; unreal; 
assumed; affected; not genuine or 
natural. 

artillery (ar-tiller-i), n. cannon; great 
guns; ordnance of all kinds, with 
its equipment of carriages, men, 
and material; the officers and men 
forming the artillery division of 
an army; the science which treats 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ARTISAN 



60 



ASEXUAL 



of the use or management of ord- 
nance. 

artisan (ar'ti-zan), n. one skilled in 
any art or trade; a mechanic; a 
handicraftsman. 

artist (ar'tist), n. one skilled in any 
branch of high art; one professing 
or practicing one of the fine arts. 

artiste (ar-tesf), n. one who is an 
expert in any branch of professional 
art other than the fine arts, as a 
public singer, cook, &c. 

artistic (ar-tis'tik), or artist ical 
('ti-kal), adj. pertaining to art or 
to artists; characterized by sesthetic 
feelings or conformity to the princi- 
ples of a school of art or design. 

artistry (ar'tis-tri), n. the qualities 

- peculiar to an artist. 

artless (art'les), adj. lacking art; 
unskilful; devoid of cunning; simple; 
natural; undesigning; unaffected; 
ingenuous. 

Aryan (ar'yan), adj. pertaining to- 
the Aryans, or to their language. 

asafetida or asafcetida (as-a-fet'i- 
da), n. a fetid sap obtained from the 
roots of several large umbelliferous 
plants of Persia and Afghanistan. 

asbestine (as-bes'tin), adj. pertaming 
to or of the nature of, asbestos; 
incombustible. 

asbestos (as-bes'tos; or asbestus 
('tus), n. a fibrous^ variety of horn- 
blende, separable into flexible fila- 
ments of flax-like appearance and 
silky luster, _ and possessing the 
property of being incombustible. 

ascend (as-send'), v.i. to take an up- 
ward direction; mount ) go up; rise; 
to proceed from an inferior to a 
superior; rise from a lower to a higher 
pitch or tone: v.t. to go or move up- 
ward upon; climb; go upward along. 

ascendable (as-sen'da-bl) or as- 
cendible ('di-bl), adj. capable of 
being climbed or navigated. 

ascendancy (as-sen'dan-si) or as- 
cendency ('den-si), n. a govern- 
ing or controlling power or influ- 
ence; domination. 

ascendant (as-sen'dant) or ascend- 



ent ('dent), adj. rising; superior; 
predominant; above the horizon: 
n. superiority or commanding influ- 
ence; predominance; an ancestor, 
or one who precedes in genealogy 
or degrees of kindred: opposed to 
descendant: the particular zodiacal 
sign appearing above the horizon at 
the time of one's birth. 

ascension (as-sen'shun), n. the act 
of moving upward; a rising; the* 
ascent of our Lord to heaven; the 
rising of a star or point above the ce- 
lestial horizon. 

Ascension Day (da), n. a movable 
feast to commemorate Christ's as- 
cension into heaven, celebrated on 
the Thursday next but one before 
Whit-Sunday: also called Holy 
Thursday. 

ascent (as-sent'), n. the act of rising; 
an upward movement; the act of 
climbing; the way or means of 
reaching a height; an acclivity; an 
upward slope. 

ascertain (as-ser-tan'), v.t. to make 
certain; find out or determine defi- 
nitely by test or examination. 

ascetic (as-set 'ik), adj. exceedingly 
rigid in the exercise of religious du- 
ties and mortification of worldly 
desires: n. one who renounces the 
world and devotes himself to re- 
ligious exercises; one who subjects 
himself to severe disciplinary meth- 
ods of living; a hermit; a recluse. 

asceticism (as-set 'i-sizm), n. the 
condition or mode of life adopted by 
one who renounces worldly matters; 
austerity. 

ascribable (a-skrl'ba-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of being attributed or imputed. 

ascribe (a-skrib'), v.t. to attribute, 
impute, or refer; assign; attribute. 

ascription (a-skrip'shun), n. the act 
of attributing or imputing; that 
which is assigned. 

aseptic (a-sep'tik), adj. free from 
the germs of disease or putrefaction; 
not liable to putrefy: an aseptic sub- 
stance. 

asexual (a-seks'u-al), adj. not sex- 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ASHAMED 



61 



ASPIRE 



ual; produced by other than sexual 



ashamed (a-shamd'), p. adj. affected 
or touched by shame; cast down or 
dejected by conscious guilt; abashed 
by a sense of indecorum; reluctant 
through fear of shame (followed by 
an infinitive). 

ashen (ash'n), adj. pertaining to the 
ash-tree; made of ash; of the color of 
ashes; pale. 

ashore (a-shor'), adv. on shore; to 
the shore; on land. 

asinine (as'i-nm), adj. pertaining to 
the ass; having the nature or char- 
acteristics of an ass. 

asininity (as'i-nin'i-ti), n. the quality 
of being asinine; obstinate stupidity. 

askance (a-skans'), or askant (a- 
skant'), adv. sideways; obliquely; 
awry; irom the corner of the eye; 
aslant. 

askew (a-skii'), adv. o*bliquely; awry; 
out of position or arrangement. 

asp (asp), n. a small venomous snake 
of Egypt; the common viper, or 
adder, of Europe; a royal symbol 
of ancient Egypt. 

asparagus (as-par'a-gus), n. a plant 
having tender edible shoots. 

aspect (as'peckt), n. visual or mental 
appearance; look; mien; air; out- 
look or prospect; the relative posi- 
tion of the planets as viewed from 
the earth; appearance. 

aspen (as'pen), n. a species of poplar 
whose leaves have the property of 
trembling in the slightest breeze: 
adj. pertaining to the asp-tree; 
quivering like an aspen-leaf. 

asper (as'per), adj. rugged; hard; 
warlike: n. the mark (') in Greek, 
to indicate the rough breathing, or 
aspirate. ' 

asperity (as-per'i-ti), n. [pi. asperi- 
ties (-tiz)], roughness of surface; 
roughness or harshness of sound; 
sourness; bitterness of taste or tem- 
per. 

aspermous (a-sper'mus), adj. with- 
out seed; not producing seed. 

asperse (as-pers'), v.t. to besprinkle; 



injure in reputation by calumny; 
slander. 

aspersion (as-per'shun), n. a sprink- 
ling as of dust or water; injury by 
false and calumnious charges or re- 
ports; slander. 

asphalt (as'falt), n. a compact, brit- 
tle variety of native bitumen, em- 
ployed for the purpose of paving, 
roofing, and cementing: v.t. to lay 
down or cover with asphalt. 

asphodel (as'fo-del)^ n. the name of 
several plants of the liliaceous 
genus Asphodelus; the daffodil of the 
older English poets; the unfading 
plant of the dead, which covered 
the meadows of Hades. 

asphyxia (as-fik'si-li) or asphyxy 
('si), n. the condition of lifelessness 
occasioned by suspension or inter- 
ruption of respiration. 

asphyxiate (as-fik'si-at), v.t. to suf- 
focate; deprive of oxygen, and so 
cause death or dangerous symptoms. 

aspic (as'pik), n. a venomous asp; 
the great lavender; a side-dish com- 
posed- of game, fish, &c, encased in 
clear, savory meat-jelly. 

aspirant (as-pi 'rant), adj. aspiring; 
ambitious: n. one who seeks to at- 
tain, or aspires to, a high object or 
position. 

aspirate (as'pi-rat), v.t. to pronounce 
with a full breathing; to prefix the 
sound of the letter h: n. the sound 
of the letter h, as in horse; the mark 
or sign used to denote the sound: 
adj. pronounced with the audible 
breath. 

aspiration (as-pi-ra'shun), n. the 
act of aspirating; an aspirated 
sound; a breath; the yearning desire 
for something higher or better than 
that already possessed; ambition. 

aspiratory (as-pi'ra-to-ri), adj. per- 
taining to breathing; suited to the 
inhaling of air. 

aspire (as-pir'), v.i. to seek after or 
desire with longing; yearn for that 
which is better or nobler; rise or 
ascent; to soar: v.t. to breathe to, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ASQUINT 



62 



ASSETS 



or into; breathe forth; soar to; at- 
tain. 

asquint . (a-skwinf), adv. with a 
squint; to or out of the corner of 
the eye; obliquely. 

assail (as-saT), v.t. to fall upon or 
attack with vehemence; attack with 
argument or abuse. 

assailant (as-sa'lant), adj. assaulting; 
attacking: n. one who, or that 
which, assails. 

assassin (as-sas'sin), n. one who slays 
treacherously or by covert assault; 
one who kills, or attempts to kill, 
secretly as the agent of another or 
others, or for reward; formerly one 
of a band of Syrian fanatics. 

assassinate (as-sas'si-nat), v.t. to 
kill, or attempt to kill, by secret or 
treacherous means; slay suddenly or 
unawares; murder. 

assassination (as-sas-si-na'shun), n. 
the act of slaying in secret, or at 
the bidding or reward of others; 
murder. 

assault (as-sawlf), n. an attack with 
violence by physical means. 

assay (as-sa/), n. the act or process 
of determining by analysis the quan- 
tity or proportion of any one or 
more metals in a metallic compound, 
ore, or alloy, especially the standard 
purity of gold or silver coin or bul- 
lion; the substance or metal to be 
assayed: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p. pr. 
-ing], to subject to analysis; to de- 
termine the quantity or proportion 
of one or more of the constituents 
of a metal. 

assayer (as-sa'er), n. one who as- 
says; an officer of the mint appoint- 
ed to test the purity of bullion and 
coin. \ 

assemblage (as-sem'blaj), n. the act 
of assembling; the state of being 
assembled; a group or collection of 
persons or particular things. 

assemble (as-sem'bl)^ v.t. to collect 
or gather together in one place or 
body; congregate: v.i. to meet or 
come together; convene. * 

assembly (as-sem'bli), n. [pi. assem- 



blies (-bliz) ], a collection or com- 
pany of persons brought together in 
one place, and for a common object; 
a meeting; a congregation. 

assembly- man (-man), n. a mem- 
ber of a legislative assembly. 

assent (as-sent'), v.i. to admit aa 
true; concede; agree to; consent: n. 
the act of agreeing to; consent; ac- 
quiescence; approval: concurrence. 

assentation (as-sen-ta/shun), n. com- 
pliance with the opinion of another, 
in flattery or obsequiousness. 

assentient (as-sen'shi-ent), adj. as- 
senting: n. one who assents. 

assert (as-sert'), v.t. to maintain; 
declare positively, or with assur- 
ance; aver; affirm; defend or vin- 
dicate; declare. 

assertion ^ (as-ser'shun), n. the act 
of asserting; that which is assert- 
ed; positive declaration; allegation; 
maintenance or defense. 

assertor (as-ser'ter), n. one who as- 
serts; one who maintains or defends. 

assertory (as-ser'to-ri), adj. affirm- 
ing; supporting. 

assess (as-sea'), v.t. to fix or deter- 
mine, as damages; fix, rate, or set 
a certain charge upon, as a tax; 
estimate or value officially for the 
purpose of taxation. 

assessed taxes (taks'ez), n.pl. taxes 
levied on income, houaea, and prop- 
erty. 

assessment (aa-aea'ment), n.the act 
of assessing or determining an 
amount to be paid; an official valua- 
tion of property, or income, for the 
purpose of taxation ; the specific sum 
levied as tax, or assessed for damages. 

assessor (as-ses'er), n. one appointed 
to assess property or persons for 
taxation? 

assessor ial (as-ses-so'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to an aaaeasor. 

assets (as'sets), n.pl. the property, 
whether real or personal, of a de- 
ceased person which is subject by 
law to the discharge of his debts and 
legacies; the property or effects of 
an insolvent debtor which are avail- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



^ 



ASSEVERATE 



63 



ASSOCIATION 



able for the satisfaction of his cred- 
itors; the entire property of a 
trader or company of traders. 

asseverate (as-sev'er-at), v.t. to af- 
firm or aver positively, or with so- 
lemnity. 

asseveration (as-sev-er-a'shun), n. a 
solemn affirmation or declaration, as 
upon oath. 

assibilate (as-sib 'i-lat), v.t. to pro- 
nounce with a hissing sound; to 
alter to a sibilant. 

assibilation (as-sib-i-la'shun), n. pro- 
nunciation with a hissing sound; the 
change of a dental or guttural mute 
into a sibilant or a similar sound. 

assiduity (as-si-du'i-ti), n. [pi. assi- 
duities (-tiz) ], close application or 
unremitting attention to; diligence; 
pi. studied and persevering atten- 
tion to please. 

assiduous (as-sid'ii-us), adj. constant 
in application; devotedly attentive; 
perseveringly diligent. 

assign (as-sln'), v.t. to appoint, mark 
out, apportion, make over; fix; des- 
ignate for a specific purpose; jDoint 
out exactly; to transfer or make 
over to another, as for the benefit 
of creditors: n. an appurtenance; 
one to whom property or interest 
is assigned by will or deed. 

assignat j (as'ig-nat, French a-se-nya'), 
n. a money or currency bond issued 
by the French Revolutionary Gov- 
ernment (1789-96). 

assignation (as-ig-na'shun), n. the 
act of assigning; an appointment to 
meet [used chiefly of love-meetings 
and in a bad sense]; the transfer of 
title, or the deed of transferment. 

assignee (as-si-ne), n. one to whom 
an assignment of anything is made, 
either in trust or for his own use 
and enjoyment. 

assignment (as-sin'ment), n. a set- 
ting apart, allotment, or appoint- 
ment to some particular person or 
use; transfer of title or interest; 
the deed, of writing effecting such a 
transfer. 



assignor (as-si-nor'), n. one who as- 
signs or transfers an interest. 

assimilable (as-sim'i-la-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being assimilated. 

assimilate (as-sim'i-lat), v.t. to bring 
to conformity or agreement with 
something else; convert or incor- 
porate into organic substance; ab- 
sorb or appropriate, as nourishment : 
v.i. to be converted into or become 
incorporated with the substance 
of the animal body. 

assimilation (as-sim-i-la'shun), n. the 
act or process of assimilating; the 
state of being assimilated. 

assist (as-sisf), v.t. to help; aid; 
give support to; attend: v.i. to lend 
help or aid. 

assistance {as-sis'tans), n. help; fur- 
therance; aid; succor; support. 

assistant (as-sis'tant), adj. helping; 
lending aid; auxiliary: n. one who, 
or that which, assists; a helper; an 
auxiliary. 

assize (as-slz'), n. [pi. assizes ('ez)], a 
court or session of justice for the 
trial by jury of civil or criminal 
cases; the sessions held peroidically 
in each county of England by judges 
of the Supreme Court [usually in 
the pi.]; the time or place of hold- 
ing the assize [usually in the pi.]. 

assizer (as-si'zer) or assizor ('zer), 
n. a juror. 

associate (as-so'shi-at), v.t. to unite; 
join with; connect; accompany, as 
a companion, friend, or confederate; 
v.i. to unite in company; keep com- 
pany; unite in action: adj. joined 
in interest, object, or purpose; 
sharing office or employment, as a 
colleague or partner; connected by 
habit, function, or sympathy: n. a 
companion; a confederate; an ally; 
one belonging to a society or insti- 
tution, usually of a lower grade 
than a Member or Fellow. 

association (as-so-shi-a'shun), n. the 
act of associating or state of being 
associated: union; conjunction; an 
associate oody of persons formed 
for a common object; a society. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me v merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ASSONANCE 



64 



ASTHMA 



assonance (as's5-nans), n. resem- 
blance of sound; a species of rhyme 
which consists in the use of the 
same vowel-sound in the last sylla- 
ble of words having different conso- 
nants. 

assonant (as'so-nant), adj. having 
resemblance of sound; pertaining 
to, or possessing, assonance. ^ 

assort (as-sort'), v.t. to divide or 
separate into lots according to ar- 
rangement; to classify; arrange: 
v.i. to agree; suit; be in accordance 
with. 

assuade (as-swad'), v.t. to present, 
as advice; urge persuasively. 

assuage (as-swaj'), v.t. to soften; 
mitigate, allay, lessen, satisfy, or ap- 
pease. 

assume (as-sum')j v.t. to take to; 
take in or into; take' upon one's 
self; arrogate or appropriate; take 
for granted; take in appearance; 
pretend to possess: v.i. to be arro- 
gant; presume; claim more than is 
one's due; give a legal undertaking; 
pretend; usurp. 

assumpsit (as-sump'sit), n. a verbal 
or unsealed contract based on a con- 
sideration; an action to enforce 
such a contract. 

assumption (as-sump'shun), n. the 
act of assuming or taking to or 
upon one's self; taking for granted; 
the thing supposed; a postulate; the 
taking "up of a person to heaven; 
a verbal or unsealed contract. 

assumptive (as-sump'tiv), adj. as- 
sumed, or capable of assumption. 

assurable (a-shur'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being assured or insured. 

assurance (a-shur'ans), n. the act 
of assuring; an earnest or testimony 
intended or tending to elicit or in- 
spire confidence; certain expectation; 
confidence; self-possession; self-re- 
liance; impudence; a deed or other 
legal evidence of the conveyance of 
property; a security or contract to 
make good a loss, or pay oyer a 
sum at death or at some determinate 
age. 



assure (a-shur'), v.t. to make sure 
or certain; to inspire confidence by 
declaration or promise; secure to 
another; insure, or covenant for in- 
demnity in event of loss or death. 

Assyrian (as-sir'i-an), adj. pertaining 
to Assyria or to its inhabitants. 

Assyriology (as-sir-i-ord-ji), n. the 
science or study of the language and 
antiquities of Assyria. 

astatic (a-stat'ik), adj. without po- 
larity. 

astay (a-sta), adv. said of an anchor 
when on heaving it the cable makes 
an acute angle with the level of 
the water. 

Aster (as'ter), n. a genus of flower- 
ing-plants with rosette-shaped flow- 
ers, to which the Michaelmas-daisy 
belongs. 

asterial (as-te'ri-al), adj. connected 
with, or related to, the stars. 

aster iated (as-te'ri-a-ted), adj. ra- 
diated; having the form of a star. 

asterisk (as'ter-isk), n. the mark 
(*) used in printing as a reference 
to a marginal passage or footnote 
appended to the text, or to indicate 
letters or words omitted (***); v.t. 
to mark with an asterisk. 

aster ism (as'ter-izm), n. a group or 
cluster of stars; three asterisks 
placed in the form of a triangle 
[„.**„ or ***] to direct attention to 
a particular passage; the star-like 
appearance in certain crystals. 

astern (a-stern') adj. & adv. at or 
toward the hinder part of a ship; 
behind a ship. 

asternal (a-ster'nal), adj. not joined 
to the sternum or breastbone: said 
of ribs. 

asteroid (as'ter-oid), adj. star-like; 
star-shaped: n. one of the small 
planets whose orbits He between 
those of Mars and Jupiter; a minor 
planet. 

asthenia (as-the-ni'a), n. debility. 

asthenic (as-then-ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or characterized by, asthenia; 
feeble. 

asthma (ast'ma & as'ma), n. a respi- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ASTHMATIC 



65 



ASTRONOMER 



ratory disease, chronically recurrent 
and attended by difficulty of breath- 
ing, with a wheezing cough and a 
sense of constriction in the chest. 

asthmatic • (ast-mat'ik), or asth- 
matical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
to asthma; affected by asthma: n. 
a person suffering from the disease. 

astigmatic (as-tig-mat 'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, affected with, or curing 
astigmatism. 

astigmatism (as-tig'ma-tizm), or 
astigmism ('mizm), n. a defect 
in the structure of the eye causing 
variation of the focus of the crys- 
talline lens. 

astir (a-ster'), adv. or adj. on the 
move; active; stirring. 

astomatous (as-tom'a-tus), or as- 
tomous (as'to-mus), adj: destitute 
of a mouth; without breathing pores. 

astonish (as-ton'ish), v.t. to strike 
with sudden wonder ; surprise ; amaze. 

astonishment (as-ston'ish-ment), n. 
the state of being astonished; 
amazement. 

astound (as-tound'), v.t. to strike 
with amazement; shock; alarm; 
stun. 

astraddle (a-stradl), adv. with one 
leg on each side of something; 
astride. 

astragal (as'tra-gal), n. a small mold- 
ing or bead of semicircular form: 
called also a roundel; the astragalus; 
the circular molding near the mouth 
of a cannon. 

astragalus (as-trag'al-us), n. [pi. 
astragali (-11) ], the ball of the 
ankle-joint; the lower bone into 
which the tibia articulates. 

astrakhan (as'tra-kan), n. the skins 
of young lambs with curly wool, ob- 
tained from Astrakhan, a city in 
Russia; an imitation with a pile 
resembling this wool or fur. 

astral (as'tral), adj. pertaining to 
the stars; starry; star-shaped; per- 
taining to a super-sensible sub- 
stance presumed by occultists to 
pervade the regions of space' and to 



enter into the composition of all 
bodies. 

astral body (bod'i), n. a kind of 
ethereal body said by the occultists 
to be capable of projection to a dis- 
tance, and to possess the power of 
occupying two places at the same 
instant; a ghost or double. 

astral spirits (spir'itz), n.pl. spirits 
formerly supposed to inhabit the 
stars, and represented as fallen an- 
gels or spirits of fire. 

astray (a-stra/), adv. out of the 
right way; wandering. 

astride (a-strid'), adv. with the legs 
wide apart; astraddle. 

astringency (as-trin'j en-si), n. the 
quality of being astringent; harsh- 
ness; severity. 

astringent (as-trin'j ent), adj. bind- 
ing; contracting, opposed to laxa- 
tive: n. a substance or medicine 
that produces contraction of the 
tissues and checks discharges. 

astrolabe (as'tro-lab), n. an instru- 
ment formerly employed for taking 
the altitude of the sun or stars; a 
stereographic projection of the 
sphere on the plane of the equator 
or a meridian. 

astrologer (as'trol'5-jer), n. one who 
professes to forecast events by means 
of the stars. 

astrological (as-tro-loj 'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to astrology, or the prac- 
tice of astrology. 

astrology (as-trol'o-ji), n. predesti- 
nation by the stars; the art ancient- 
ly pursued of foretelling or fore- 
casting the future of mankind, by 
reference to the influence supposed 
to be exerted by the stars in their 
various aspects and relative posi- 
tions upon the course of human 
destiny. 

astrometer (as-trom'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for ascertaining and 
comparing the relative magnitude 
and luster of the stars. 

astronomer (as-tron'o-mer), n. one 
who studies, or is versed in, astron- 
omy. 



ate, arm, 






at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ASTRONOMER ROYAL 



ATLANTES 



Astronomer Royal (roi'al), to. the 
official title of the astronomer in 
charge of a royal observatory in 
Great Britain and Ireland. 

astronomical clock (klok), n. a 
clock which keeps sidereal time. 

astronomical signs (sinz), n.pl. the 
signs of the zodiac. 

astronomical year (yer), to. a year 
the length of which is determined 
by astronomical observations. 

astronomy (as-tron'o-mi), to. the 
study of the heavenly bodies; the 
science which treats of their mag- 
nitude, motions, relative positions, 
and all connective phenomena. 

astrophotography (as-tro-fo-tog'-ra- 
fi), to. photography apphed to the 
delineation of the heavenly bodies. 

astrophysical (as-tro-fiz'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to the physical structure 
of the stars. 

astute (as-tuf), adj. shrewd; keenly 
penetrating; sagacious; cunning; 
crafty. 

asunder (a-sun'der), adv. separately; 
apart; into parts. 

asylum (a-sllum), to. [pi. asylums 
('lumz) ], a sanctuary or place of 
refuge wherein formerly criminals 
and debtors might find immunity 
from arrest; an institution for the 
care or relief of the aged, destitute, 
or afflicted. 

asymmetrical (as-i-met'ri-kal), adj. 
not symmetrical; disproportionate. 

asymmetry (a-sim'e-tri), to. lack of 
symmetry or proportion between the 
parts of a thing. 

asyndeton (a-sin'de-ton), to. a figure 
of speech which omits connectives, 
as "I came, I saw, I conquered." 

atavism (at'a-vizm), to. the rever- 
sion, or tendency to revert, to the 
ancestral type of a species; resem- 
blance to a remote ancestor, ex- 
hibited by a certain organism; the 
recurrence of any peculiarity or dis- 
ease from which an ancestor in re- 
mote generations has suffered. 

atavistic (at-a-vis'tik), adj. of, or 
pertaining to, atavism. 



ataxia (a-tak'si-a), or ataxy ('si), n. 
irregularities in the functions of the 
body or in the course of a disease. 

ataxic fever (-f e'ver), w. typhus fever 
of a malignant type. 

ate (et & at), p.t. of eat. 

atelier (a'te-lya), w. a workshop; the 
studio of a painter or sculptor. 

atheism (a'the-izm), w. disbelief in 
the existence of a God. 

atheist (a/the-ist), to. one who dis- 
believes or denies the existence of a 
God. 

atheistic (a-the-is'tik), or atheis- 
tical ('ti-kal), adj. pertaining to, 
containing, or implying atheism. 

Athene (a-the'ne), to. a Greek god- 
dess; called by the Romans, Minerva. 

atheneum, athenaeum (ath-e-ne' 
urn), to. [pi. atheneums ('umz) & 
athenaea ('a) ], an institution, club, 
or building devoted to the purposes 
or study of literature, science and 
art. 

athermancy (a-ther'man-si), to. im- 
permeability to radiant heat. 

athirst (a-thersf), adj. in want of 
drink. 

athlete (athlet), to. a competitior for 
a prize in public games; one trained 
to contend in feats of physical 
prowess; one possessed of great 
physical strength. 

athletic (ath-let'ik), adj. pertaining 
to athletes, or their performances; 
strong; robust; vigorous; muscular. 

athletics (ath-let'iks), to. any sys- 
tem of athletic training by gymnas- 
tic exercises or outdoor sports; ath- 
letic exercises collectively. 

athwart (a-thwawrt'), prep, across; 
from side to side; adv. cross- wise; 
obliquely; across the course or di- 
rection of a ship. 

athwart-ships (-ships), adv. phr. 
across a ship from one side to the 
other. 

atilt (a-tilf), adv. & adj. in the posi- 
tion or witn the action of a person 
making a thrust; tilted. 

atlantes (at-lan'tez), n.pl. figures or 
half-figures of men, used in place of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ATLAS 



67 



ATTACK 



columns or pilasters to support an 
entablature. 

atlas (atlas), n. [pi. atlases ('ez) ], a 
collection of maps in a volume; a 
work in tabulated form; a large size 
of drawing-paper. 

atmology (at-mol'5-ji), n. the science 
of aqueous vapor, its laws and 
phenomena. 

atmosphere (at'mos-fer), n. the 
aeriform fluid surrounding the earth, 
composed of a mechanical mixture 
of 79 parts by volume of nitrogen 
with 21 parts of oxygen, and a trace 
of carbonic acid and argon, with a 
varying proportion of aqueous vapor, 
ammonia, ozone and organic matter; 
the gaseous envelope surrounding 
any of the heavenly bodies; the in- 
fluence, mental and moral, exerted 
on a person by his environments. 

atmospheric pressure (-presh'er), 
n. the pressure exerted in every di- 
rection upon a body by the atmos- 
phere; equivalent to 14 2-3 lb. on the 
sq. in., or 1,033 grams on the sq. 
centimeter. 

atoll (a-tol' & at'ol), n. a coral island 
having the form of an outer ring of 
coral surrounding a basin or lagoon. 

atom (at 'urn), n. an ultimate indi- 
visible particle of matter. 

atomic weight (a-tom'ik wat), n. 
the weight of the atom of any ele- 
ment as compared with another 
taken as a standard^ usually hydro- 
gen, taken as 1. 

atomicity (at-o-mis'i-ti), n. equiva- 
lence; the combining capacity of an 
element. 

atom is t (at'6-mist), n. one who be- 
lieves that the earth was formed by 
the coming together of atoms swirl- 
ing in space. 

atomize (at'um-Iz), v.t. to reduce to 
atoms or exceedingly fine particles. 

atonable (a-ton'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being atoned for. 

atone (a-ton'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. atoned, 
p.pr. atoning], to make reparation 
or amends, as for injury done or im- 



plied; expiate; make satisfaction for; 
reconcile. 

atonement (a-ton'ment), n. reparation 
or satisfaction offered or made in 
return for injury; expiation of wrong 
or sin by suffering; the recompense 
for sin typified by the sufferings and 
death or Christ; reconciliation. 

atonic (a-ton'ik), adj. wanting tone, 
or vital energy; unaccented: n. an 
unaccented word or syllable; a medi- 
cine to allay excitement. 

atony (at'o-ni), n. want of tone; de- 
bility: weakness of any organ. 

atrip (a-tripO, adv. just clear of the 
ground. 

atrium (a'tri-um), n. [pi. atria (-a) ], 
the square entrance-hall, lighted 
from above,^ constituting the chief 
apartment in an ancient Roman 
house; a hall or entrance-court; a 
portico; the auricular portion of the 
heart; a cavity. 

atrocious (a-tro'shus), adj. wicked in 
the highest degree; extremely crim- 
inal or cruel; outrageous; exhibiting 
or characterized by great atrocity; 



atrocity (a-tros'i-ti), n. [pi. atrocities 
(-tiz) ], enormous wickedness; abom- 
inable cruelty; an atrocious deed. 

atrophy (at'ro-fi), n. a wasting, or 
diminution in bulk, of the body, or 
any part of the body arising from 
lack of nourishment; the degenera- 
tion of an organ or part: v.i. [p.t. & 
p.p. atrophied, p.pr. atrophying], to 
waste away; to dwindle. 

atropism m (at'ro-pizm), n. poisoning 
by atropin or belladonna. 

attach (at-tach'), v.t. to fasten, or 
fix, to or on; bind; connect with or 
appoint to; connect by ties of affec- 
tion; to take, or seize, by legal 
authority: v.i. to adhere. 

attache (at-ta-sha), n. one who is 
attached to another, or as part of a 
suite or staff, as of an embassy or 
legation. 

attack (at-tak'), v.t. to assault; »all 
upon with force; assail with intent 
to overcome or to damage, discredit, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note. n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






ATTAIN 6 

or bring into ridicule; begin to af- 
fect or act upon, as disease: v.i. to 
make an onset or attack: n. the act 
of attacking in any sense of the 
word. 

attain (at-tan'), v.t. to achieve; 
gain; compass; accomplish: v.i. to 
reach; come, or arrive at. 

attainability (at-ta-na-bil'-i-ti), . n. 
attainableness. 

attainable (at-ta/na-bl), adj. capable 
of being attained. 

attainder (at-tan'der), n. the act of 

' attainting, or the state of being at- 
tainted; an act, formerly in opera- 
tion, for the deprivation of all civil 
rights and of power to inherit or 
transmit property: applied to per- 
sons under sentence of death or out- 
lawry for treason or felony. 

attaint (at-tant), v.t. to taint; cor- 
rupt; sully or stain by disgrace. 

attar of roses (at'ar of roz'ez), n. 
an essential oil expressed < from the 
petals of the rose. Written also 
atar, ottar, and otto. , 

attemper (at-tem'per), v.t. to re- 
duce, modify, or moderate by mix- 
ture; regulate; temper; ^ smooth, 
soften, or mollify; mix in proper 
proportion; fit or adapt. 

attempt (at-tempf), v.t. to make an 
effort to accomplish; try; endeavor 
or essay to perform; try to win or 
seduce; attack, or invade: n. atrial, 
essay, or endeavor; an effort to 
gain a point; an attack or assault. 

attend (at-tend'),. v -t- [?•*• & V-V> 
-ed, p.pr. -ing], to wait upon; ac- 
company or be present with; serve 
or look after in any capacity; be 
present at; accompany or follow: 
v.i. to pay heed or regard to; listen; 
be in attendance upon. 

attendance (at-ten'dans), n. the act 
of attending; waiting on; presence; 
the persons attending; retinue. 

attendant (at-ten'dant), n. one who 
attends or accompanies in service or 
train of another; one who _ is pres- 
ent; that which attends or is conse- 
quent upon anything else: adj. ac- 



ATTITUDE 



companymg; being present: con- 
nected or consequent upon; depend- 
ing on or owing duty or service to. 

attention (at-ten'shun), n. the act 
of applying the mind to anything; 
consideration or regard for any per- 
son or thing; a mark or act of civil- 
ity or courtesy; care for the com- 
fort of others; a military command 
(to assume the attitude of attention). 

attenuant (at-ten'Q-ant), adj. mak- 
ing thin, as fluids; diluting; dimin- 
ishing in denseness; n. a medicine 
which thins the fluids of the body; 
a diluent. 

attenuate (at-ten'u-at), v.t. to make 
thin or slender; weaken or reduce; 
thin out by dilution; rarefy: v.i. 
to become thin, slender, or fine; les- 
sen: adj. made thin; dilute; rare- 
fied; tapering; slender. 

attenuation (at -ten-u- a/shun), n. 
the act or process of making slender, 
or thinning out by dilution; the 
state of being slender. 

attest (at-tesf), v.t. to bear witness 
to; certify as being genuine or true, 
especially in an official sense; give 
proof of; manifest. 

attestation (at-tes-t a/shun), n. the 
act of attesting; testimony or evi- 
dence given on oath, or by official 
declaration; swearing in. 

attestor (at-tes'ter), n. one who attests. 

attic (at'tik), n. an uppermost room 
in a house immediately beneath the 
roof; a garret. 

Attic (at'tik), adj. pertaining to At- 
tica, in Greece; classical; elegant. 

Atticism (at'i-sizm) n. a peculiarity 
of style or idiom characterizing the 
Attic rendering of the Greek lan- 
guage; elegant manner of expression. 

attire (at-tir'), v.t. to dress; clothe; 
array; adorn: n. dress; clothes; 
habit; garb; the horns of a stag, 
employed as a heraldic bearing. 

attitude (at'ti-tud), n. bodily posi- 
tion or posture; the bearing as- 
sumed by a person or body of per- 
sons indicative of feeling, opinion, | 
&c. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ATTITUDINARIAN 



AUDIOMETER 



attitudinarian (at-ti-tu-di-na/ri- 

an), n. one who studies or affects 
attitudes. 

attorney (at-ter'ni), n. {pi. attor- 
neys (-nez)], one legally qualified 
to act for another in the transaction 
of private business, or in the man- 
agement, prosecution, or defense of 
actions at law. 

attorney-general (-jen'er-al), n. the 
chief law officer appointed to act 
for the government; the chief law 
officer of a state. 

attract (at-trakt'), v.t. to draw to 
or toward; cause to approach ; draw 
by moral influence; allure; entice. 

attractability (at-trak'ta-biTi-ti), n. 
the quality of being attractable; 
the power of attraction. 

attract ile (at-trak'til), adj. having 
the power to attract. 

attraction (at-trak'shun), n. the 
power or act of attracting; the 
force exerted by one body or mass 
upon or over the constituent par- 
ticles of another, by which it tends 
to overcome the resistance to mo- 
tion, and to draw them together; 
tendency to coherence. 
ttractive (at-trak'tiv), adj. having 
the power or tendency to attract; al- 
luring; inviting: n. that which at- 
tracts, allures, or charms. 
ttribu table (at-trib'ti-ta-bl), adj. 
capable of being attributed. 
ttribute (at-trib'ut), v.t. to ascribe, 
impute, assign: n. (at'tri-but), that 
which is attributed, as quality; 
trait; property; a characteristic; 
an attributive adjunct or adjective; 
that which may be predicated of any 
subject. 

tribution (at-tri-bu'shun), n. the 
act, of attributing; designation. 
:ributive (at-trib'u-tiv), adj. per- 
taining to, of the nature of, or ex- 
pressing, an attribute: n. a word 
denoting an attribute; a word joined 
to and describing a noun; an adjec- 
tive or adjective phrase. 

attrite (at-trif), adj. worn by fric* 



tion; repentant through fear of pun- 
ishment. 

attrition (at-trish'un), n. the act of 
wearing by rubbing; abrasion; the 
state of being worn; grief for sin 
arising only from fear of punish- 
ment. 

attune _ (at-tun'), v.t. to put in tune; 
bring into accordance or harmony. 

atypic (a-tip'ik), or atypical ('i- 
kal), adj. without definite typical 
character; not conformable to the 
type. 

auburn (aw^burn), adj. reddish- 
brown. 

auction (awk'shun), n. a public sale 
of property or effects conducted on 
the principle of the highest bidder 
becoming the purchaser of any par- 
ticular lot put up for sale; the 
property or effects offered 'for sale 
by auction: v.t. to sell by auction. 

auctioneer (awk-shun-er), n. one 
licensed to sell property or goods 
by public auction: v.i. to sell by 
auction. 

auction-pool (awk'shon pool), n. a 
guessing contest held on ship-board 
in which numbers representing the 
probable number of miles the ship 
will run in a day are sold at auction, 
the pool going wholly or in part to 
the holder of the successful number. 

audacious (aw-da/shus), adj. bold; 
daring; spirited; insolent: impu- 
dent; characterized- by shameless 
effrontery. 

audacity (aw-das'i-ti), n. [pi. audac- 
ities (-tiz)], boldness; daring; spir- 
it; presumptuousness; impudence; 
effrontery. 

audible (aw'di-bl), adj. capable of 
being heard. 

audience (aw'di-ens), n. the act of 
hearing; admittance to a hearing or 
formal interview with one of high 
position; an assembly of hearers. 

audient (aw'di-ent), adj. hearing; 
listening. 

audiometer (aw-di-om'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for gauging the power of 
hearing. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



AUDIPHONE 70 AUREOLA 

audi phone (aw'di-fon), n. an instru- which it is derived; opposed to di- 

ment constructed to assist the deaf minutive. 

by collecting the sound-waves and augur (aw'ger), n. one who officially 

conveying the vibrations to the predicted events by the observation 

auditory nerves through the medium and interpretation of natural signs 

of the teeth. or omens, the flight of birds, the in- 

audit (aw'dit), n. official examina- spection of the entrails of slaugh- 
tion and verification of claims or ac- tered victims, the occurrence of me- 
counts with vouchers and the at- teorological phenomena, &c. 
tendance of witnesses to effect a set- augury (aw'gu-ri), n. [pi. auguries 
tlement; a receipt of rent at stated (-riz)], the art or practice of fore- 
times: v.t. to examine and adjust, as telling events by reference to natural 
accounts or claims: v.i. to examine signs or omens; an omen; predic- 
an account; act as auditor. tion; presage. 

auditor (aw'di-ter), n. a hearer or august (aw-gusf), adj. grand; in- 

listener; a person appointed to ex- vested with grandeur and dignity; 

amine and verify accounts and majestic; of a nature to inspire awe 

claims; one who hears judicially, as and reverence, 

in an audience court. August (aw'gust), n. the eighth 

auditorium (aw-di-to'ri-um), n. [pi. month of the year. 

auditoria (-a), & auditoriums Augustan (aw-gus'tan), adj. resem- 

(-umz)], the space in a theater or bling the reign of the Roman Emperor 

other public building assigned to the Augustus; a period of munificence 

audience. and splendor; an age of liberality 

auditory (aw-di-to-ri), adj. pertain- toward literature and the fine arts, 

ing to hearing, or to the sense or auk (awk), n. the name given to the 

organs of hearing: n. an audience; members of a family of arctic diving 

a place or space allotted to hearers; birds. The Great Auk is now ex- 

an auditorium. tinct. Also spelled awk. 

auger (aw'ger), n. a tool for boring aulic (aw'lik), adj. pertaining to a 

holes. royal court. 

aught (awt), n. anything; any part: aunt (ant), n. the sister of one's 

adv. in any way; at all. father or mother. 

augment (awg-menf), v.t. to in- aura (aw'ra), n. a subtle, vaporous 

crease; to enlarge in size or ex- streaming, or exhalation, supposed 

tent; to add an augment to: v.i. to to emanate from a living body or 

grow larger; increase in size and substance, as aroma, effluvium, or 

strength: n. increase; enlargement; the subtle essence of its individual 

a vowel prefixed, or a lengthening nature; a sensation as of a stream 

of the initial vowel. of air rising from a part of the body 

augmentation (awg-men-ta/shun), toward the head, and preceding an 

n. increase; the increase in time- epileptic seizure or hysteria, 

value of the notes of a theme; an aural (aw'ral), adj. pertaining to the 

additional charge to a coat of arms air or to an aura; pertaining to the 

bestowed as a mark of honor; the ear, or to the sense of hearing.' 

period of increase in a fever before aureate (aw're-at), adj. golden; gild- 

the crisis is reached. ed; golden-yellow. 

augmentative (awg-men'ta-tiv), aurelia (aw-re'lya),. n. the pupa or 

adj. having the quality or power of chrysalis of an insect, 

augmenting: n. a word or affix aureola (aw-re'o-la), or aureole 

which expresses with greater force % (aw're-ol), n. a halo, radiance, or 

the idea conveyed by the term from luminous cloud encircling the figures 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



AURIC 



71 



AUTHORITY 



of Christ, the Virgin, and the saints 
as represented by the painters; any- 
thing resembling an aureola. . 

auric (aw'rik), adj. pertaining to gold. 

auricle (aw'ri-kl), n. the external 
ear; that part of the ear which pro- 
jects from the head; one of two 
chambers of the heart which receive 
the blood from the^ veins and trans- 
mit it to the ventricle or ventricles. 

auricular (aw-rik'u-lar), adj. per- 
taining to the ear or to the sense of 
hearing; privately addressed, as to 
the priest in the confessional; per- 
ceived by the ear; known by report; 
obtained by the ear; ear-shaped; 
pertaining to the auricles of the 
heart. 

auriculate (aw-rik'u-lat), or auric- 
ulated (-ed), adj. ear-shaped; hav- 
ing ears or ear-like appendages. 

auriferous (aw-rif'er-us), adj. gold- 
bearing; yielding or containing 
gold. 

auriform (aw'ri-f6rm), adj. ear- 
shaped; having the iorm of the 
human ear. 

auriscope (aw'ri-skop), n. an in- 
strument for examining the ear. 

aurist (aw'rist), n. one skilled in the 
treatment of ear disorders. 

aurochs (aw'roks), n. the European 
bison, now nearly extinct. 

aurora (aw-ro'ra), n. [pi. auroras 

- ('raz) & aurorae ('re)], the rising 
light or the morning; the dawn of 
dayspring. 

aurora borealis (b5-re-a'lis), n. the 
northern lights, a luminous meteoric 
phenomenon manifesting itself by 
streams of light ascending from the 
northern horizon toward the zenith, 
or assuming the form of an arc 
having its ends on the horizon. 
aurora australis (aw-stralis), n. a 
phenomenon of corresponding nature 
in the southern hemisphere. 

aurous (aw'rus), adj. pertaining to gold. 

auscultation (aws-kul-ta'shun), n. 

a method of detecting chest disease 

by observing the sounds arising in 

Nthe part, either by applying the ear 



directly to the chest or thorax, or by 
means of a stethoscope. 

auscultatory (aws-kul'ta-to-ri), adj. 
pertaining to auscultation. 

auspice (aws'pis), n. [pi. auspices 

(-ez)], an omen drawn from birds 
an omen; a prediction as to the 
future; protection; patronage; fa- 
voring influence (generally in pi.) 

auspicious (aws-pish/us), adj. hav- 
ing promise of success or happiness 
propitious; prosperous; fortunate. 

austere (aws-teV), adj. sour; harsh 
rough to the taste; severe; rigid in 
character or mode of living; severely 
simple. 

austerity (aws-ter'i-ti), n. severity 
of manner or life; harsh discipline; 
rigorous simplicity. 

austral (aws'tral), adj. southern. 

authentic (aw-then'tik), or au- 
thentical ('ti-kal), adj. genuine; 
original; duly authorized; true; 
trustworthy; vested with all due 
formalities, and legally attested. 

authenticate (aw-then'ti-katj, v.t. 
to make authentic; give authority to 
by accordance with legal formalities; 
to establish as genuine. 

authenticity (aw-then-tis'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being authentic; authority. 

author (aw'ther), n. the beginner or 
prime mover of anything; an ef- 
ficient cause; an originator; a 
creator; one who composes or writes 
a book; a composer. 

authoress (aw'ther-es), n. a female 
author. [The term author is now 
generally used without regard to sex.] 

authoritative (aw-thor'i-ta-tiv), adj. 
having due authority, or the air of 
being duly authorized; positive, dic- 
tatorial; magisterial; commanding. 

authority (aw-thor'i-ti), n. [pi. au- 
thorities (-tiz)], power or right to 
act or command; dominion; juris- 
diction; power derived from opinion, 
respect, # or reputation; influence; 
justification or support for state- 
ment or action; a person invested 
with power to act or command; one 
deserving of credit, to whom ap- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



AUTHORIZATION 



72 



AUTOMORPHISM 



peal or reference can be made; in 
pi. the government; the constituted 
authorities. 

authorization (aw-ther-i-za'shun), n. 
the act of authorizing; establish- 
ment by authority. 

authorize (aw'ther-Iz), v.t. to vest 
with authority; give a right to act 
or command; empower; legalize; 
establish or confirm by authority. 

auto, prefix meaning self; of one's 
self; of itself. 

autobiography (aw-t5-bI-og'ra-fi), n. 
[pi. autobiographies (-fiz)], a biogra- 
phy, account, or character-sketch of 
a person written by himself. 

autocar (aw'to-kar), n. a carriage 
containing within itself the machin- 
ery necessary for its own propulsion. 

autocracy (aw-tok'ra-si), n. [pi. 
autocracies (-siz)], absolute, uncon- 
trolled authority; supremacy; gov- 
ernment by one invested with ab- 
solute and uncontrolled authority; 
autonomy. 

autocrat (aw'to-krat)^ n. an abso- 
lute prince or sovereign; one who 
rules without restriction. 

autocycle (aw'to-sl-kl), n. a motor 
bicycle. 

autodynamic (aw-to-dl-nam'ik), adj. 
operating by its own force. 

autogenic (aw-toj'en-ik) or autog- 
enous (-us), adj. self -generated; 
produced independently. 

autograph (aw'to-graf), adj. self- 
written; in one's own handwriting: 
n. a person's own handwriting; an 
original manuscript or signature: 
v.t. to reproduce by autography; to 
sign or write one's autograph. 

autographic (aw-to-graf'ik), or au- 
tographical fi-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to an autograph or personal 
handwriting; relating to, or used in, 
the process of autography; self- 
recording. 

autography (aw-tog'ra-fi), n. the 
science of study of autographs; an 
original manuscript; a process in 
lithography by which copies of 



writings or drawings are reproduced 
in facsimile. 

autogravure (aw-to-grav-ur'), n. a 
process of photo-engraving. 

autohypnotic (aw-to-hip-not'ic), adj. 
producing in one's self a hypnotic 
state by one's own effort. 

auto-infection (aw'to-in-fek'shon), 
n. poisoning of the system through 
chemical changes within the body 
itself. 

auto-intoxication (aw'to-in-tok-si- 
ka/shon), n. a form of auto-infection 
usually due to imperfect digestion 
of food in which the waste products 
of digestion are absorbed into the 
blood, poisoning the system. 

autolatry (aw-tol'a-tri), n. self -wor- 
ship. 

autology (aw-tol'o-ji), n. the scien- 
tific study of one's self. 

automat (aw'to-mat), n. a earners, 
shutter operated by a pneumatic 
bulb; an apparatus for serving 
foods automatically in response to a 
coin dropped into a slot; also a res- 
taurant where this method- is used. 

automatism (aw-tom'a-tizm), n. au- 
tomatic action; the doctrine which 
assigns all animal functions to the 
active operation of physical laws. 

automaton (aw-tom'a-ton), n. [pi. 
automata (-ta), & automatons 
(-tonz), that which possesses the 
power of spontaneous movement 
without consciousness; a self-acting 
machine. 

automatous (aw-tom'a-tus), a<_ 
spontaneous; of the nature of an 
automaton. 

au tome try (aw-tom'e-tri), n. the es- 
timation, or measurement, of one's 
self. 

automobile (aw-to-mo'bil), adj. self- 
moving. 

automobile (aw-to-mo-bel' & aw-to- 
mo'bil), n. a self-moving vehicle; 
motor-carriage. 

automobilist (aw-to-mo^bil-ist), n. 
one who rides in and manages an 
automobile; a chauffeur. 

automorphism (aw-to-m6rf'ism), n. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



AUTOMOTOR 



73 



AVER 



the judgment of others by analogy 
from the knowledge of one's self. 

auto motor (aw'tor-mo-ter), n. a self- 
acting machine. 

autonomy (aw-ton'o-mi), n. [pi. au- 
tonomies (-miz) ], the power or 
right of self-government; the state 
of political independence. 

autonym (aw'to-nim), n. one's own 
name: opposed to pseudonym; a 
work published under the author's 
real name. 

autophon (aw'to-fon), n. a barrel- 
organ, the tunes of which are deter- 
mined by perforated mill-board. 

autoplasty (aw'to-plas-ti), n. the 
process of repairing lesions by ap- 
plication of tissue removed from an- 
other part. Called also rhinoplasty. 

auto-suggestion (aw-to-sug-j es'chun) 
n.^ self-suggestion; arising in one's 
mind without exterior cause. 

autopsy (aw'top-si), n. personal ob- 
servation; ocular demonstration; a 
post-mortem examination. 

autotoxic (aw-to-toks'ik), adj. self- 
poisoning. 

autotruck (aw'to-truk), n. a self- 
moving truck; motor truck. 

autotype (aw'to-tip), n. a facsimile; a 
photo-gelatine process of producing 
pictures. 

autumn (aw'tum), n. the season be- 
tween summer and winter, begin- 
ning astronomically at the autumnal 
equinox, about September 22nd, and 
ending at the winter solstice, about 
December 23rd; the period of de- 
cline or decay. 

autumnal (aw-tum'nal), adj. belong- 
ing or peculiar to autumn; pro- 
duced or gathered in autumn; per- 
taining to the period of life when 
middle age is past: n. a plant that 
flowers in autumn. 

autumnal equinox (e'kwi-noks), n. 
the time of the sun's southward 
passage across the equator, about 
September 22nd. 

auxiliary # (awg-zil'i-a-ri), adj. help- 
ing; aiding; assisting; subsidiary; 
n. [pi. auxiliaries (-riz) ], a helper; 



an assistant; a confederate or ally; 
aid of any kind; a verb which helps 
to form the moods and tenses of oth- 
er verbs: pi. foreign troops in the 
service of a nation at war. 

avail (a-val'), y.i. to be of use, value, 
or service; give profit: v.t. to turn 
to profit or advantage: n. use; 
means towards an end; advantage to 
an object: pi. proceeds or profits. 

availability (a-va'la-bil-i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being available. 

avalanche (av'a-lanch), n. the sud- 
den descent of a mass of compact 
snow or ice from the higher parts of 
a mountain; a fall of rocks or earth 
from the heights of a mountain; 
anything that overwhelms by sud- 
denness and irresistible force. 

avarice (av'a-ris), n. an inordinate 
or insatiable desire of gain; covet- 
ousness; cupidity; greediness. 

avaricious (av-a-rish'us), adj. im- 
pelled by avarice; greedy of gain; 
grasping. 

avast (a-vasf), inter j. stop! cease! 
hold! 

avatar (av-a-tar') or avatara (-ta'ra), 
n. the descent of a deity to earth in 
an incarnate form; a manifestation 
or embodiment. 

avaunt (a-vawnf & a-vant'), inter j. 
begone! depart! an exclamation of 
contempt or abhorrence. 

ave (a/ve & a/ve), inter j. hail! fare- 
well! n. an Ave Maria; a salutation. 

avenaceous (av-e-na/shus), adj. be- 
longing to or resembling oats. 

avenge (a-venj'), v.t. to exact pun- 
ishment or satisfaction for wrong or 
injury done to one's self or another: 
v.i. to execute vengeance; to receive 
satisfaction for injury by the pun- 
ishment of the offender. 

avenue (av'e-nu), n. a way or means 
of approach to a place, a passage- 
way, drive, or alley bordered by trees 
leading to a house; a broad road- 
way or street planted with trees. 

aver (a-ver), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. averred, 
p.pr. averring], to affirm positively; 
declare to be true; verify. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



AVERAGE 



74 



AWN 



average (av'er-aj), n. any charge ad- 
ditional to the cost of freightage: 
v.t. to find the mean, as of unequal 
sums or quantities; reduce to a 
mean; assign proportionately. 

averse (a-vers'), adj. unwilling; un- 
favorable; having a repugnance or 
disinclination to. 

aversion (a-ver'shun), n. opposition 
or repugnance of mind; antipathy; 
fixed dislike; hatred; the object or 
cause o dislike or repugnance. 

avert (a-verf), v.t. to turn aside or 
away; turn or ward off; prevent. 

avertible (a-vert'i-bl), adj. capable 
of being o warded off, or averted. 

Ayesta (a-ves'ta), n. the sacred writ- 
ings attributed to Zoroaster; the 
Zend-Avesta. 

avian (a'vi-an), adj. pertaining to 
birds. 

aviary (a'vi-a-ri), n. [pi. aviaries 
(-riz) ], a house, large cage, or in- 
closure for the keeping and rearing 
of birds in confinement. 

aviation (a'vi-a-shun), n. the art of 
flying. 

aviator (a/vi-a-ter), n. one who op- 
erates a flying machine. 

avicularium » (a-vik'u-lar-i-um), n. 
[pi. avicularia (-a) ], the small pre- 
hensile process, resembling the head 
of a bird with a movable mandible, 
which continually snaps. 

aviculture (a'vi-kul-tur),^. the breed- 
ing and rearing of birds. 

avidity (a-vid'i-ti), n. greediness; 
eagerness; strong appetite. 

avocation (av-o-ka'shun), n. a sub- 
ordinate or occasional occupation, as 
contradistinguished from vocation. 

avoid (a-void'), v.t. to keep away, 
shunning; the state of being vacant, 
make void: v.i. to become vacant or 
void. 

avoidance (a-voi'dans), n. the act of 
annulling or making void; the act of 
shunning; the state of being vacant. 

avoirdupois (av-er-du-poiz'), a sys- 
tem of weights in which one pound 
contains 16 ounces: used generally 



for all commodities except precious 
metals, gems and drugs. 

avouch (a-vouch'), v.t. to affirm open- 
ly; maintain; declare positively; 
vouch for; admit or confess. 

avow (a-vou'), v.t. to declare openly; 
acknowledge frankly; to admit and 
justify. 

avowal (a-vou'al), n. an open decla- 
ration; a frank acknowledgment; a 
confession. 

awabi (a-wa^e), n. an edible shell- 
fish found on the coast of Japan; 
the abalone. 

await (a-waf), v.t. to wait for; look 
for or expect; be ready for. 

awake (a-wak'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
awoke, awaked, p.pr. awaking], to 
arouse from sleep, or from any state 
resembling sleep; put into action; 
infuse new life into: v.i. to cease to 
sleep; bestir one's self: adj. not 
sleeping; roused from sleep or in- 
activity; in a state of vigilance or 
action. 

award (a-wawrd'), v.t, to adjudge; 
assign by judicial sentence, or arbi- 
tration; bestow in consideration of 
merit; to determine or make an 
award: n. a judgment; a decision; a 
sentence; the decision of arbitrators 
on points submitted to them; the 
document containing such decision; 
that which is awarded or assigned. 

aware (a-war'), adj. on guard; vig- 
ilant; watchful; apprised; cognizant; 
conscious. 

awash (a-wosh'), adj. & adv. on a 
level with the waves. 

awe (aw), n. reverential fear. 

awful (aw'ful), adj. inspiring or im- 
pressing with profound fear or rev- 
erence; of a dreadful or appalling 
nature; solemn. 

awk. See auk. 

awkward (awk'werd), adj. wanting 
dexterity; # unskilful; ungraceful or 
ungainly in shape, movement, or 
manners; clumsy. 

awl (awl), n. a pointed instrument 
for piercing. 

awn (awn), n. the beard or bristle- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, Men. 



AWNING 



75 



AZZIMINA 



like appendage of the outer glume of 
wheat, barley, and numerous grasses. 

awning (awn'ing), n. a covering of 
canvas or other cloth stretched upon 
a frame and used as a shelter from 
wind or sun. 

awny (aw'ni), adj. having bristles; 
bearded. 

awoke, p.t. of awake. 

awry (a-ri'), adj. or adv. turned or 
twisted toward one side; erroneous. 

axal. See axial. 

axe or ax (aks), n. a tool or instru- 
ment of steel, or iron with a steeled 
edge, attached to a handle, used for 
the hewing of timber and chopping 
of wood. m 

axial (aks'i-al), adj. pertaining to an 
axis in any sense of the word. 

axif erous (ak-sif 'e-rus), adj. consisting 
of stem or axis alone without leaves. 

axif or m (ak 'si-form), adj. in the 
form of an axis. 

axil (ak'sil), n. the angle formed by 
the upper side of an organ or branch 
with the stem or trunk to which it 
is attached. 

ax ile (ak'sil), adj. pertaining to the 
axis; situated or lying in the axis. 

axilla (ak-sil'a), n. [pi. axillas ('e) ], 
the armpit, or cavity in the junction 
of the arm and shoulder; the axil of 
a leaf. 

axillar (ak'si-lar), or axillary (-lari), 
adj. pertaining to the armpit; per- 
taining to, springing from, or sit- 
uated in, the axil. 

axiom (ak'si-um), n. an indisputable 
self-evident truth; a proposition em- 
bodying a truth at once obvious and 
incontrovertible; an established prin- 
ciple in an art or science. 

axiomatic (ak-si-o-mat'ik) or axio- 
matical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to, 
or of the nature of, an axiom. 

axis (ak'sis), n. [pi. axes ('sez) ], the 
straight line, real or imaginary, 
passing through a body, upon or 
around which such body revolves, or 
is supposed to revolve. 

axle (ak'sl), n. the spindle, or por- 



tion of the axle-tree, which is in- 
serted in the hub of the wheel, and 
on which the wheel revolves. 

axle-box (-boks), n. a bushing in 
the hub of a wheel through which 
the axle passes. 

axle-tree (-tre), n. a bar connecting 
the opposite wheels of a carriage, 
on the rounded ends of which the 
wheels revolve. 

ay or aye (a), adv. always; for ever; 
continually. 

aye or ay (a or I), adv. or inter j. 
yes; yea; even so; indeed: n. [pi. 
ayes (Iz)], the affirmative votes in 
a parliamentary division; the mem- 
bers so voting. 

Ayrshire (ar'shir), n. a fine breed of 
cattle from the county of Ayr, Scot- 
land, noted for their rich milk. 

Azalea (a-za'le-a), n. [pi. azaleas 
(-az)], a genus of plants, belonging 
to the rhododendron tribe, and re- 
markable for their showy flowers. 

azarine (az'a-rin), n. a bright red 
dye obtained from coal-tar. 

azimuth (az'i-muth), n. an arc of 
the horizon intercepted between the 
meridian of a place and the vertical 
circle passing through the center of 
a celestial body. 

azote (az'ot), n. the old name for 
nitrogen. 

Azrael (az'-ra-el), n. name given by 
the Mohammedans to the Angel 
of Death. 

Aztec (az'tek), adj. pertaining to the 
Aztec race. Also written Aztecan. 

azure (azh'ur & a/zhur), adj. like the 
blue of the sky; cerulean: n. the 
clear blue of the sky; any pigment 
of this color; the blue tint expressed 
in heraldry by horizontal shading. 

azure-stone (azh'ur-st5n), n. the 
lapis lazuli, irom which genuine ul- 
tramarine is made. 

azurine (azh'ur-in), n. a greyish-blue 
color. 

azzimina (at-si-me'na), a mode of 
decoration by damaskeening in gold 
and silver, <fcc. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






B 



b, the second letter in the alphabet of 
all European tongues, except the 
Russian and its derivatives. 

Baalism (ba/al-izm), n. the worship 
of Baal; gross idolatry. 

baba (ba'ba), n. an Eastern title of 
respect. 

Babbitt-metal (bab'it-met-al), n. an 
anti-friction alloy of copper, tin, 
and zinc, used in crank and axle 
bearings, &c. 

babble (bab^l), v.i. to utter indis- 
tinct or imperfect sounds; prattle; 
talk childishly; murmur continu- 
ously: v.t. to utter; prate; repeat 
unintelligently ; tell secrets: n. un- 
meaning or foolish talk; a confused 
murmur. 

babbler (bab'ler), n. one who bab- 
bles; a dog that gives tongue too 
frequently when on scent. 

baboon (ba-boon')^ n. the popular 
name of a large division of monkeys, 
which inhabit Africa and Arabia, 
and are characterized by a long dog- 
like snout, large canine teeth, great 
head, rudimentary tail, large callosi- 
ties on the hips, and capacious cheek 
pouches; an epithet of contempt. 

baby-farm (ba'bi-farm), n. a place 
where young children are put out 
for nursing. 

Babylonian (bab-i-lo'ni-an), adj. per- 
taining to Babylonia; magnificent; 
luxurious. Also Babylonish. 

bacca (bak'a), n. a berry; any fleshy 
fruit; a one-celled fruit with a soft 
outer envelope, and with naked 
seeds immersed in pulp. 

baccalaureate (bak-a-law're-at), n. 
the degree of Bachelor of Arts, Sci- 



ence, &c: adj. pertaining to the 
degree of Bachelor. 

baccarat (bak-a-ra'), n. a French 
card game played between a banker 
and an unlimited number of betters 
with one or more packs of cards. 

baccate (bak'at) or bacca ted (-ted), 
adj. having many berries. 

bacchanal (bak a-nal) or baccha- 
nalian (bak-a-na'li-an), adj. in- 
dulging in or characterized by 
drunken revelry; drunken: n. a vo- 
tary of Bacchus; a drunken rev- 
eler; a drunken feast. 

bacchante (bak-an'te), n. female 
votary of Bacchus. 

bacchantic (ba-kan'tik), adj. of or 
resembling a bacchanal; noisy; jo- 
vial. 

bacchic (bak'ik) or bacchical 
('i-kal), adj. pertaining to Bacchus 
or the feasts inhis honor; riotous, 
or mad with drink. 

bachelor (bach'el-er), 'n. one who 
has taken the lowest university de- 
gree in any faculty; an unmarried 
man. 

bachelorhood (bach'el-er-hood), n. 
state of an unmarried man. 

bachelor girl (bach-el-er gerl), n. a 
modernyoung woman who earns her 
own living and enjoys bachelor-like 
independence, usually keeping house 
by herself or with other bachelor girls. 

bachelor's buttons (bach'el-erz- 
but'unz), n.pl. the name popularly 
given to several flowering plants 
whose blossoms somewhat resemble 
buttons. 

bacillary (bas'i-la-ri), adj. consist- 
ing of bacilli. 

bacillian (ba-sil'i-an), adj. pertain- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

76 



BACILLICIDE 



77 



BACTERIOLOGICAL 



ing to, or of the nature of, a bacillus. 

bacillicide (ba-sil'i-sid), n. an agent 
employed for destroying bacilli. 

bacilliculture (ba-sil'i-kul-tur), n. 
the culture of bacilli in animal or 
vegetable infusions for* scientific 
research. 

bacillus (ba-sil'us), n. [pi. bacilli 
('i), a genus of microscopic vege- 
table organisms commonly known 
as bacteria, having slender rod-like 
jointed bodies or filaments, and pos- 
sessing, the power of constant move- 
ment, present in many ferments, in 
all stages of putrefaction, and asso- 
ciated with the earliest stages of ma- 
lignant or zymotic disease. 

back or bac (bak), n. a flat-bot- 
tomed ferry-boat, especially one 
adapted for carrying vehicles; a 
large cistern or vat used by brew- 
ers, &c, for liquids. 

back (bak), n. that which is opposed 
to the front; the rear or hinder part 
of anything. 

backfire (bak'fir), v.i. to fight forest 
or prairie fires by starting local 
fires that can be controlled or ex- 
tinguished, producing a burnt area 
that the original fire cannot cross. 

back-firing (bak-flr'ing), n. prema- 
ture ignition of the gas and air in the 
cylinder of an internal combustion 
. engine, due to a compression of the 
combustible mixture or to advanced- 
spark adjustment. 

back-rent (bak'rent), n. arrears of 
rent; rent paid after reaping the 
first crop by a tenant entering on 
a lease. 

backbite (bak'bit), v.t. [p.t. backbit, 
p.p. backbit & backbitten, p.pr. 
backbiting], to slander or speak evil 
of in absence: v.i. to censure absent 
persons. 

backboard (bak'bord), n. a board to 
support the back; a thin wooden 
backing used for picture frames, 
mirrors, &c. 

backbone (bak'bon), n. the bone of 
the back; the vertebral column of 
animals; that which serves as a 



backbone; hence, firmness or de- 
cision of character. 

backer (bak'er), n. one who sus- 
tains or abets another; especially 
one who bets in favor of a person 
or animal in a contest. 

backgammon (bak-gam'un), n. a 
game played by two persons upon 
a table or board made for the pur- 
pose, with fifteen pieces each, and 
dice-boxes, and dice. 

background (bak'ground), n. ground 
in the rear; the distant portion of 
a landscape; the portion of a pic- 
ture furthest from the spectator; 
that which is dimly seen; a subordi- 
nate position; a place of retirement 
or reserve. 

backhand (bak'hand), n. writing 
which slopes backward or to the 
left. 

backhanded (bak'han-ded), adj. with 
the hand turned backward; unfair; 
indirect; ambiguous; sloping back- 
ward. 

backing (bak'ing), n. something placed 
behind to support or strengthen; aid 
or support given to a person or cause. 

backstays (bak'staz), n.pl. long ropes 
extending from the masthead to the 
side of the ship, slanting a little aft, 
to assist the shrouds in supporting 
the mast. 

-backsword (bak'sord), n. a sword 
with one sharp edge; a stick with 
a basket handle used in the game 
of singlestick. 

backward (bak'werd) or back- 
wards (-werdz), adv. with the 
back foremost; toward the back; 
in a contrary or reverse manner, 
way, or direction; toward past 
times or events; from a better to 
a worse state. 

backwoodsman (bak-woodz'man), n. 
a dweller in forests; one who lives 
remote from villages or towns. 

bacon (ba/kn), n hog's flesh salted or 
pickled and dried, usually in smoke. 

bacteria (bak-te'ri-a), n.pl. of bac- 
terium. 

bacteriological (bak-te-ri-o-loj 'i-kal), 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BACTERIOLOGIST 



78 



BAIL 



adj. of or pertaining to bacteriology. 

bacteriologist (bak-te-ri-ol'o-jist), 
n. a student of bacteriology. 

bacteriology (bak-te-ri-ol'o-ji), n. 
the scientific investigation or study 
of bacteria. 

bacterioscopy (bak-te-ri-os'ko-pi), 
n. the examination of bacteria by 
the microscope. 

bacterium (bak-te'ri-um), n. [pi. 
bacteria (-a)], a microscopic or- 
ganism of various forms and shapes; 
a disease germ. 

bad form (bad'form), n. that which 
is bad; not very refined; somewhat 
vulgar. 

badder locks (bad'er-loks), n. a large 
dark green edible seaweed. 

badelaire (ba-de-laV), n. a curved 
sword used as a heraldic bearing. 

badge (baj), n. a mark, sign, or 
token, or cognizance, to denote the 
occupation, allegiance, association, 
or achievements of the person by 
whom it is displayed; the mark or 
token of anything; a carved orna- 
ment on the stern of a vessel. 

badger (baj'er), n. a plantigrade car- 
nivorous mammal, of nocturnal hab- 
its; an artist's brush of badger's 
hair: y.t. to worry or annoy, as a 
badger when baited; pester; per- 
sistently assail. 

badger-baiting (baj'er-ba'ting), n. 
a cruel sport formerly practiced of 
assailing a badger placed in a barrel 
with dogs. 

badger-dog (baj'er-dog), n. another 
name for the dachshund. 

badiaga (bad-i-a'ga), n. a seaweed, 
the powder of which is used for 
removing discoloration caused by 
bruises. 

badinage (bad'i-naj & ba-de-nazh'), 
n. light or playful raillery or banter. 

badly (bad'k), adv. wickedly; griev- 
ously; unskilfully; defectively; ill. 

badminton (bad'min-tun), n. an out- 
door game similar to tennis, but 
played with shuttlecocks; a land of 
claret-cup. 

baffle (baf'l), v.t. to elude or circum- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



vent by artifice or the interposition 
of obstacles; foil or check; defeat; 
frustrate; thwart; subject to indig- 
nities. 

bag (bag), n. a sack; a pouch 

bagasse (ba-gas'), n. sugar-cane 
refuse as delivered from the crush- 
ing mill. 

bagatelle (bag-a-tel'), n. a trifle; a 
game played on a nine-holed board, 
baized and cushioned, with a cue and 
nineballs. 

baggage (bag'aj), n. the tents, cloth- 
ing, utensils, &c, of an army or ex- 
peditionary force on the march; the 
trunks, bags, and other impedimenta 
or baggage of a traveler: n. an im- 
moral woman; a coquettish or frol- 
icsome girl. 

baggage-master (bag'aj-mas'ter), n. 
person in charge of receiving and 
forwarding baggage in railroad sta- 
tions. 

baggala (bag'a-la), n. Arab trading 
vessel with two masts. 

bagging (bag'ing), n. the act of put- 
ting into bags; coarse cloth or other 
material used for bags; filtration 
through canvas bags. 

baggy (bag'i), adj. having a loose or 
flabby appearance; swelled or puffed 
out. 

bagnio (ban'yo), n. a bath-house; a 
brothel; an oriental prison. 

bagpipe (bag'plp), n. a shrill-toned 
musical instrument, consisting of a 
leathern wind-bag from which air is 
forced by the performer's elbow into 
pipes, one (the chanter) giving the 
melody. [Commonly used in pi.] 

bah (ba), inter j. an exclamation ex- 
pressing incredulous contempt or 
disgust. 

bail (bal), v.t. to set free or liberate 
from arrest on security for reappear- 
ance; to deliver, as goods, in trust, 
on contract expressed or implied 
that the person entrusted shall re- 
turn or account for the sa,me:n. the 
person or persons who provide se- 
curity for the release of a prisoner; 
^he security tendered, or accepted. 



boon, 



BAIL 



79 



BALDERDASH 



bail (bal), v.t. to free from water by 
dipping; to lade out with a bucket 
or other utensil, as in a boat: n. 
a bent or arched handle of a pail or 
kettle; a half -hoop supporting the 
cover or tilt of a wagon; one of the 
two small sticks, 4 in. long, which are 
laid across the tops of cricket stumps. 

bailee (ba-le'), n. the person to whom 
goods are committed in trust. 

bailer. See bailor. 

bailiff (balif), n. a sheriff's officer 
who serves processes, &c; any 
subordinate civil officer; an overseer 
or under-steward on an estate. 

bailiwick (ba'M-wik)^ n. the district 
within which a bailiff has jurisdic- 
tion. 

bailment (baTment), n. a delivery 
of goods in trust to another; the 
action of becoming surety for one in 
custody. 

bailor (ba'ler) or bailer (ba/ler), 
n. one who delivers goods to another 
in bailment. 

bairn (barn), n. a child [Scotch]. 

bait (bat), v.t. to harass or provoke, 
as by the setting on of dogs; worry; 
torment, for sport; annoy persistent- 
ly; prepare a hook, trap, or snare 
by covering it with food or other 
substance; give food and drink to 
upon a journey: v.i. to take food or 
drink upon a journey: n. any sub- 
stance used to entice or allure fish 
or other animals with a view to cap- 
ture; an allurement; temptation; 
refreshment taken on a journey. 

baize (baz), n. a coarse woolen stuff, 
with a nap on one side. 

bakery (ba'ker-i), n. [pi. bakeries 
# (-iz)], a place used for bread-mak- 
ing; a baker's shop. 

baking # (ba'king), n. the quantity of 
anything baked at the same time; a 
batch. 

bakshish, bakhshish, or baksheesh 
(bak'shesh), n. an Eastern term for 
a present or gratuity. 

balance (bal 'Ins), n. an instrument 
for determining the weight of 
bodies; a pair of scales; a steel- 



yard; a spring balance; the act of 
weighing mentally; equilibrium; 
equipoise; equality. 

balance of power, n. a theory in di- 
plomacy that there should be a 
balance among nations, so that no 
single power should be overwhelm- 
ingly dominant, thus conserving 
peace. 

balance of trade (bal'ans of trad), 
n. the difference between the imports 
and exports of a country. 

balance-reef (bal'ans-ref), n. a reef- 
band crossing a sail diagonally. 

balance-sheet (bal'ans-shgt), n. a 
statement of the assets and liabili- 
ties of a business. 

balance-wheel (bal'ans-hwel), n. a 
wheel in a watch chronometer 
which regulates the beats. 

balancer (bal'an-ser), n. one who, 
or that which, keeps anything in 
equiHbrium; an acrobat: pi. the or- 
gans placed under the wings of cer- 
tain insects to balance the body. 

balata (ba-la'ta), n. the dried gum 
of the bully-tree, similar to india- 
rubber, and used for insulating elec- 
tric wires. 

balayeuse (bal-a-yez'), n. plaited 
muslin or lace inserted at the bot- 
tom of a dress to protect it from 
the ground. 

balconet (bal-ko-nef), n. a slightly 
projecting low ornamental railing 
to a door or window. 

balconied (bal'ko-nid), adj. having a 
projecting exterior platform or in- 
terior gallery. 

balcony (bal'ko-ni), n. [pi. balco- 
nies (-niz)], a platform or gallery 
projecting from the wall of a build- 
ing, enclosed by a balustrade or 
parapet. 

bald (bawld), adj. without the natu- 
ral or usual covering to the head or 
summit; unadorned; bare; literal; 
undisguised; having a white spot or 
patch on the head; bald-faced. 

bald-head (bawldlied), n. a man 
bald on the head. 

balderdash (bawl'der-dash), n. a 



ate, arm, 






:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BALDRIC 



80 



BALMY 



nonsensical jumble of words; silly 
talk or writing; a worthless mixture. 

baldric or baldrick (bawl'drik), n. 
a broad belt, often richly _ orna- 
mented, worn round the waist, or 
over one shoulder and across the 
breast. 

bale (bal), n. a large bundle or pack- 
age of goods; v.t. to make up into a 
bale or bales; to bale out as water. 

bale (bal), n. woe; calamity; mis- 
chief. 

baleen (ba-len'), n. whalebone in its 
natural condition; the horny elastic 
material fringing the jaws of right 
whales. 

bale-fire (baTfir), n. a beacon or 
signal-fire; a bonfire; a funeral pyre. 

baleful (bal 'fool), adj. replete with 
deadly _ or malign^ influence; full of 
woe; direful; predicative of disaster. 

balise or balize (ba-lez'), n. a sea- 
mark or beacon, consisting of a 
pole or buoy surmounted by a flag 
or other object. 

balk or baulk (bawk), n. a strip or 
ridge of land left unplowed; a thick 
heavy piece of timber; a barrier or 
check 

ball (bawl), n. a round body; any 
mass resembling a sphere; a spheri- 
cal body used for play; a bullet. 

ball (bawl), n. a dance; a social as- 
sembly of persons of both sexes for 
the purpose of dancing. 

ballad (bal'ad), n. a short narrative 
poem, adapted for reciting or singing. 

ballast (bal'ast), n. weighty material 
carried by a ship to ensure stability; 
sand carried in the car of a balloon 
to steady it; gravel or rubble filling 
the space between the sleepers of a 
railway; that which imparts stability 
to the character: v.t. to place ballast 
in or on; impart steadiness to. 

ballast age (bal'as-taj), n. a toll 
paid for leave to take ballast. 

ballast-tank (bal'ast-tank), n. one 
of a series of tanks in a ship designed 
to carry t water ballast when the 
cargo is light, being pumped out to 



give buoyancy when the ship is 
heavily laden. 

ballet (bal'a), n. a theatrical repre- 
sentation in which a story is told, 
and actions, characters, and pas- 
sions represented by gestures, ac- 
companied by music and dancing; 
the company of persons who per- 
form the ballet. 

ballistics (bal-is'tiks), n. the science 
of the motion of projectiles. 

ballon d'essai (ba-long da-se'), a 
balloon used to test the direction of 
air currents; hence a feeler to test 
public opinion. 

balloon (bal-loon'), n. a large bag 
of prepared silk or other material, 
which, when inflated by hydrogen 
gas or heated air, ascends and floats 
in the atmosphere; a round vessel 
with a short neck used in distillation. 

balloon- jib < (bal-loon'jib), n. a tri- 
angular sail used by yachts in a 
slight breeze. 

ballot (bal'ot), n. a ball, ticket, or 
paper by which a vote is registered; 
the system of secret voting by the 
use of balls, tickets, or papers; elec- 
tion by secret vote; also the total 
number of votes cast or recorded: 
v.i. to vote or decide by secret vote. 

ballot-box (bal'lot-boks), n. a recep- 
tacle for the deposit of ballots. 

balm (bam), n. the oily aromatic 
exudation of certain trees or shrubs, 
used for healing or soothing; bal- 
sam; anything which heals, or that 
soothes pain; an odoriferous tree or 
shrub yielding balm. 

balm of gilead (of gil'e-ad), n. the 
name of various kinds of fragrant 
resins, as that of the evergreen tere- 
binth tree of Arabia. 

balmily (bam'i-li), adv. in a soothing 
manner; fragrantly. 

bal moral (bal-mor'al), adj. & n. the 
name given to various strong arti- 
cles of dress, as a petticoat, or lace 
up boots. 

balmy (bam'i), adj. having the quali- 
ties of balm; soft; fragrant; refresh- 
ing. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BALSAM 



81 



BANDIT 



balsam (bawl'sam), n. an oily, aro- 
matic, resinous substance obtained 
from certain trees or shrubs, and 
used medicinally or in perfumery: 
balm; the name applied to several 
trees, shrubs, or plants yielding bal- 
sam, as the balsam-tree; anything 
soothing or healing. 

baluster (bal'us-ter), n. a small col- 
umn or pilaster to support the rail 
of a parapet or balustrade. 

balustrade (bal-us-trad'), n. a series 
of small columns or pilasters, sur- 
mounted by a top-rail or coping, 
serving as a parapet or protective 
railing, staircase, &c. 

balzarine (bal'zii-rin), n. a dress 
fabric of wool and cotton, 
wheedle: n. an imposition; a cheat; 
a hoax. 

bambino (bam-be'no), n. [pi. bam- 
bini ('ne)], a child or baby; a fig- 
ure of the infant Christ wrapped in 
swaddling clothes : exhibited in many 
Roman Catholic churches from 
Christmas to Epiphany. 

bamboo (barn-boo'), n. the name of 
certain tropical grasses having thick- 
jointed stems of exceeding hardness, 
and attaining to a height of from 20 
to 120 ft.; a stick or cane: v.t. to 
flog witlj^a bamboo rod. 

bamboozle (bam-boo'zl), v.t. to hoax; 
deceive by trickery; mystify; hum- 
bug: v.i. to practice cheating. 

ban (ban), n. in feudal times a public 
proclamation, or summons to arms; 
an edict of proscription or interdic- 
tion; prohibition; excommunica- 
tion; curse; anathema: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. banned; p.pr. banning], to 
curse; to interdict or prohibit; to 
place under a ban. 

ban (ban), n. the title of the gov- 
ernor of Croatia and Slavonia as 
viceroy of the Austrian emperor. 

banana (ba-na'na), n. a tropical her- 
baceous plant, closely allied to the 
plantain; its soft, luscious fruit, 
which furnishes a nutritious and 
important article of food in tropi- 
cal countries. 



banate (ban 'at), n. the territory 
ruled by a ban: the office itself. 

band (band), n. that which binds to- 
gether; that which connects; that 
which encircles, supports, or re- 
strains; a fillet; strap; tie; shackle 
or fetter; collar; ligature; a driving 
belt; a company of persons united 
by a common object 

bandage (ban'daj), n. a roller of 
cotton or other material used in 
dressing and binding up wounds, 
&c. ; a band or ligature: v.t. to dress 
or bind with a bandage. 

bandala (ban-da/la), n. manila white 
rope. 

bandana or bandanna (ban-dan'a), 
n. a large silk or cotton handker- 
chief, dyed red, blue, or yellow, with 
white or yellow; spots; a style of 
calico printing in imitation of the 
bandana. 

bandbcx (band'boks), n. a light box 
of pasteboard, &c, for holding bon- 
nets. 

bandeau (ban-do'), n. [pi. bandeaux 
(-doz')j, a ribbon worn over the 
forehead. 

banded (ban'ded), p. adj. allied; con- 
federated; having bands; marked 
'by stripes of different color or ma- 
terial; having a band differing in 
tincture from the garb. 

bandelet, same as bandlet. 

banderilla (ban-de-rel'ya), n. a dart, 
with a banderole attached, used in 
bull fights to exasperate the bull. 

banderillero (ban-der-il-ya'-ro), n. 
the person in bull fights who plants 
the dart or banderilla in the flesh of 
the bull. 

banderole (ban'de-rol), or banderol 
(-rol), n. a little flag or streamer; a 
small flag carried at the head of a 
lance or mast. 

bandicoot (ban'di-koot), n. a large 
rat, native of India and Ceylon, 
very destructive to rice fields and 
gardens; the name given to rat-like 
marsupials of several species found 
in Australia and Tasmania. 

bandit (ban'dit), n. [pi. bandits 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BANDLET 



82 



BANKRUPT 



('dits) & banditti (-dit'i)], an outlaw; 
a brigand; a robber; a highwayman. 

bandlet (band'let), n. a small band; 
a little band or flat molding encirc- 
ling a column. 

bandog (ban'dog), n. a large fierce 
kind of dog usually kept chained; a 
mastiff. 

bandoleer (ban-do-ler'), n. a broad 
leather belt, worn over the shoulder 
and across the breast, for holding 
ammunition. 

bandoline (ban'do-lin), n. a gummy 
perfumed substance used for im- 
parting a gloss to the hair or for 
fixing it in any position. 

bandore (ban-dor' & ban'dor), n. an 
ancient stringed instrument resem- 
bling a zither. 

bandsaw (band'saw), n. an endless 
steel saw running on pulleys. 

bandy (ban'di), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ban- 
died, p.pr. bandying], to throw or 
beat to and fro, as a ball in play; 
toss from one to another; give and 
take: v.i. to contend; strive: n. a club 
bent at the end for striking a ball; 
a hockey-stick; a game played with 
such a club, commonly called hockey: 
adj. bent; having a bend or crook 
outward. 

bane (ban), n. that which causes 
death, ruin, or destruction, hence a 
deadly poison, vice, or sin; a dis- 
ease (rot) in sheep. 

baneful (ban'fool), adj. poisonous; 
pernicious. 

bang (bang), v.t. to beat, as with a 
club or cudgel; thump; handle 
roughly; produce a loud sound by 
or from (as, bang the door). 

bangle (bang'gl), n. an ornamental 
ring worn upon the wrists and 
ankles in India and Africa; a ring- 
bracelet. 

banian or banyan (ban-yan'), n. a 
Hindu trader or merchant; a Ben- 
gali native who manages money af- 
fairs for Europeans; a loose gown for 
men, like that worn by the Hindus. 

banian-tree _ (-tre), n. the Indian 
fig-tree, which spreads over a large 



area by sending down shoots from 
its branches; these take root and 
become new trunks. 

banish (ban'ish), v.t. to condemn to 
exile; expel from the country as a 
punishment; drive away; dispel from 
the mind. 

banishment (ban'ish-ment), n. the 
act of expelling or driving away; the 
state of being expelled. 

banister or bannister (ban'is-ter), n. 
corrupt forms of baluster. 

banjo (ban'jo), n. a musical instru- 
ment, of from five to nine strings, 
having a neck like a guitar, and a 
circular body covered in front with 
tightly-stretched parchment. 

banjoist (ban'jo-ist), n. a performer 
on the banjo. 

bank-bill (bangk'bil), n. sl note or a 
bill of exchange of a bank payable 
on demand or at a future specified 
time. 

bank-book (bangk-book), n. the pass- 
book kept by a depositor, in 
which a cashier of the bank enters 
the debits and credits. 

bank-credit (bangk-kred'it), n. the 
amount a person, on giving proper 
security, is allowed to draw upon a 
bank. 

bank-note (bangk'not), n. a promis- 
sory note issued by a legally author- 
ized bank, payable on demand, and 
forming part of the money currency. 

bankable (banglta-bl), adj. receivable 
by a bank. 

banker (bangTser), n. one who keeps 
a bank; one who traffics in money, 
receives and remits money, nego- 
tiates bills of exchange, &c; a ves- 
sel employed in the cod-fishery on 
the banks of Newfoundland; the 
stone bench on which masons cut 
and square their work; a ditcher. 

banking (bang'king), n. the act of 
raising a mound or bank; fishing on 
the banks of Newfoundland; the 
loading of coals at the pit's mouth. 

bankrupt (bangk'rupt), n. a person 
legally declared to be unable to dis- 
charge his liabilities; an insolvent 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BANKRUPTCY 



83 



BARB 



debtor: adj. unable to meet one's 
obligations; insolvent; v.t. to make or 
render insolvent: v.i. to exhaust one's 
financial credit; become insolvent. 

bankruptcy (bangk'rupt-si), n. [pi. 
bankruptcies (-siz) ], the state of 
being legally insolvent, or unable to 
pay all debts; failure in trade. 

banner (ban'er), n. a piece of cloth 
or silk attached to a pole or staff, 
and usually worked with some device 
or motto, heraldic or emblematical; 
an ensign, standard, or flag of a 
country, state, or order. 

bannock (ban'uk), n. a thick *cake 
made of oatmeal, barley-meal, or 
pease-meal, and baked on an iron 
plate or griddle. 

banns (banz), n.pl. the proclamation 
in church of an intended marriage. 

banquet (bang'kwet), n. a sumptuous 
entertainment or feast: v.t. to treat 
with a^ feast or rich entertainment: 
v.i. to regale one's self sumptuously. 

banquet or banquette (bang-ket'), 
n. a bank running along the inside 
of a parapet, on which soldiers stand 
to fire upon the enemy; the footway 
of a bridge when raised above the 
carriage-way; a sidewalk. 

banshee (ban'she), benshie (ben' 
she), or benshi ('she), n. a kind 
of female fairy who, according to the 
belief of the peasantry of Ireland, 
and some parts of Scotland, attaches 
herself to a particular house, and 
foretells the death of any member of 
the family by an appearance. 

bantam (ban 'tarn), n. a diminutive 
breed of domestic fowl: adj. pertain- 
ing to the bantam; diminutive; con- 
sequential. 

banter (ban'ter), v.t. to rail at good- 
humoredly; attack jestingly; make 
fun of: n. humorous raillery. 

bantling (bant Ting), n. a young 
child. 

Bantu (ban'tti), n. a term sometimes 
used to designate the languages of 
South Africa. 

banyan or banyan-tree. See banian. 

banzai (ban-za'i), inter j. [lit. ten thou- 



sand years] the Japanese battle-cry; 
hurrah. 

baobab (ba/o-bab & ba'6-bab), n. an 
African tree of huge size, called the 
sour-gourd, or the cream-of-tartar 
tree, largely used as an article of 
food by the natives. 

baptism (bap'tizm), n. the applica- 
tion of water by an authorized ad- 
ministrator, in the name of the Holy 
Trinity, to a person, by sprinkling, 
effusion, or immersion, constituting 
the sacrament or rite by which he 
is initiated into the visible church of 
Christ. 

baptismal voap-tiz'mal), adj. per- 
taining to the ceremonial application 
of water or initiatory rite of the 
Christian Church. 

Baptist (bap'tist), n. one of a Chris- 
tian denomination who baptize adult 
believers only, and who maintain the 
necessity for immersion. 

baptistery (bap'tis-ter-i), or bap- 
tistry (-tri), n. [pi. baptisteries (-iz) 
-tries (-triz) ], a building or portion 
of a building in which the rite of 
baptism is administered. 

baptize (bap-tlz'), v.t. to administer 
the rite of baptism to; admit to the 
Christian Church by the ceremonial 
application of water; christen. 

bar (bar), n. a piece of wood, metal, 
or other solid matter, long in pro- 
portion to its thickness; anything 
which impedes or obstructs; a bank 
of sand, gravel, &c, obstructing 
navigation at the entrance to a har- 
bor or mouth of a river; the railing 
enclosing the space occupied by 
counsel in courts of justice. 

bar sinister (bar sin'is-ter), n. heral- 
dic term, meaning a bar drawn from 
the upper left corner of a shield to 
the lower right corner; usually in- 
dicating illegitimate birth. 

barb (barb), n. that which resembles 
a beard in lower animals; a hair or 
bristle ending in a double hook; the 
sharp point projecting backwards 
from the extremity of an arrow, fish- 
hook, &c. : v.t. to furnish with barbs. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BARBARIAN 



84 



BARILLA 



barbarian (bar'ba/ri-an), n. a for- 
eigner; a man in a rude, savage 
state; an uncivilized person; a cruel, 
savage, brutal man: adj. pertaining 
to savages; rude; uncivilized; inhu- 
man. 

barbaric (bar-bar 'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to or characteristic of savage or 
uncivilized people; rude; savage. 

barbarism (bar'ba-rizm), n. an of- 
fense against purity of style or lan- 
guage; an uncivilized state or condi- 
tion; a cruel or barbarous action; 
an outrage. 

barbarity (bar-bar 'i-ti), n. [pi. bar- 
barities (-tiz) ], the state of being 
uncivilized; cruelty; inhumanity; an 
act of savage cruelty. 

barbarize (bar'ba-riz), v.i. to adopt 
a foreign or barbarous mode of 
speech: v.t. to make barbarous. 

barbarous (bar'ba-rus), adj. uncivil- 
ized; rude and ignorant; contrary 
to pure idiom; savage; cruel; fero- 
cious; inhuman; wild. 

barbate (bar 'bat), or barbated ('ba- 
ted), adj. bearded; furnished with 
long and weak hairs. 

barbecue (bar'be-ku), n. a frame on 
which all kinds of meat or fish are 
roasted or smoke-dried; the carcass 
of an ox, hog, &c, roasted whole; 
a social or political entertainment 
at which animals are roasted whole, 
with appropriate surroundings: v.t. 
to dress and roast whole. 

barber (bar'ber), n. one whose occu- 
pation is to shave the beard and cut 
and dress the hair: v.t. to shave and 
dress the hair of. 

barbette (bar-bef), n. the platform 
or breastwork of a fortification, 
from which cannon may be fired 
over a parapet instead of through 
the embrasures. 

barbette-turret (bar-bet'tur'et), n. 
the rotary protected mechanism in 
which the heavy guns of modern 
battleships are commonly mounted. 

barbican (bar'bi-kan) , n. a tower or 
advanced work defending the en- 
trance to a castle or city. 



barbule (bar'bul), n. a very minute 
barb. 

barcarole or barcarolle (bar'ka-rol), 
n. a simple song or melody sung by 
Venetian gondoliers; a piece of 
music in imitation of such a song. 

bard (bard), n. a poet and singer. 

bard or barde (bard), n. one of the 
ornaments and housings of a horse; 
one of the pieces of defensive ar- 
mor of a mediaeval war-fyorse. 

bardic (bar'dik), adj. pertaining to 
bards or to their poetry. 

bardish (bar'dish), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, bards. 

bardism (bar'dizm), n. the methods, 
maxims, and sentiments of bards. 

bare (bar), adj. naked; with the head 
uncovered; unconcealed; simple; 
unfurnished; threadbare; poor; mere: 
v.t. to divest of covering. 

barefaced (bar'fast), adj. with the 
face uncovered; undisguised; shame- 
less; impudent. 

barege (ba-razh'), n. thin gauze-like 
fabric, usually of silk and worsted. 

bargain (bar'gan), n. an agreement 
or contract between two or more 
parties with reference to the sale 
or transfer of property; a compact 
or pledge mutually agreed upon; the 
thing purchased or stipulated for; 
that which is acquired or sold at a 
low price; an advantageous pur- 
chase: v.i. to make a contract or 
agreement: v.t. to sell or transfer 
for a consideration. 

bargainee (bar-ga-ne'), n. the party 
to whom a bargain and sale is made. 

bargainer or bargainor (bar'ga- 
ner), n. one who stipulates or con- 
tracts to sell or transfer to another 
for a consideration. 

barge (barj), n. a flat-bottomed ves- 
sel employed in loading and unload- 
ing ships, and for the conveyance of 
goods on rivers and canals; a vessel 
of state. 

barilla (ba-ril'a), n. an impure car- 
bonate and sulphate ' of soda im- 
ported from Spain and the Levant, 



ate, arm, 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BARILLET 



85 



BARONY 



and obtained from the alkaline ashes 
of certain plants. 

bar Met (bar'il-let), n. the cylindrical 
case containing the mainspring of a 
watch. 

baritone. See barytone. 

barium (ba/ri-um), n. one of the ele- 
mentary metals. 

bark (bark), v.i. to utter a sharp, 
short sound, as the cry of a dog; to 
cough: n. the sound or cry emitted 
by dogs. 

bark (bark), n. the exterior layer or 
rind of woody stems or trunks; 
Peruvian bark: v.t. to remove by 
stripping. 

bark or barque (bark), n. a three- 
masted vessel having the fore- and 
main-mast square-rigged, and the 
mizzen-mast fore-and-aft rigged. 

barkantine or barkentine (bar'- 
kan-ten), n. a three-masted vessel 
having the fore-mast square-rigged, 
and the main- and mizzen-mast 
fore-and-aft or schooner-rigged. 
Also barquantine. 

barker (bark'er), n. a person who 
stands outside of a side-show or 
place of amusement to attract at- 
tention of passers-by. 

barking (bar'king), n. a sharp sound 
like that of a dog; coughing: n. the 
process of stripping bark from trees; 
the process of tanning leather and of 
dyeing with bark. 

barky (bar'ki), adj. consisting of, or 
covered with bark. 

barley (bar'li), n. the grain grown 
and used chiefly for malting; the 
plant which yields the grain. 

barley-corn (bar'li-korn), n. a grain 
of barley; formerly a measure of 
length equal to the third part of 
an inch. 

Barleycorn, John (jon), n. a name 
sometimes jocularly given to whisky. 

barm (barm), n. the foam -rising 
upon beer or other malt liquors 
when fermenting, and used as leaven 
in bread-making; yeast. 

barmy (barm'i), adj. containing or 
consisting of yeast; frothy. 



barn (barn), n. a covered building for 
the storage of grain or other farm 
produce. 

barn-owl (barn'oul), n. the white 
or screech owl. 

barnacle (bar'na-kl), n. a species of 
wild goose, called barnacle or ber- 
nicle goose; a cirriped crustacean, 
found adhering in groups or clusters 
to rocks or to the bottoms of ships, 
&c; an official who holds tenacious- 
ly to his poet: n.pl. an instrument 
placed on a horse's nose to restrain 
him while being shod, bled, or 
dressed; a pair of spectacles. 

barograph (bar'o-graf), n. an in- 
strument recording automatically 
variations in atmospheric pressure. 

barology (ba-rol'o-gi), n. the science 
of weight or gravity. 

barometer (ba-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the weight 
or pressure of the atmosphere : used 
for indicating the various changes 
of weather, or to determine the alti- 
tude of a particular place. 

barometric (bar-o-met'rik), or bar- 
ometrical ('ri-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, made with, or indicated by, 
a barometer. 

baron (bar'un), n. the title of an 
English peer of the lowest rank, next 
below a viscount; formerly the title of 
the judges of the Court of Exchequer. 

baroness (bar'un-es), n. a baron's 
wife; a lady holding a baronial title 
in her own right. 

baronet (bar'un-et), n. a title of 
hereditary rank or degree of honor 
next below a baron and above a 
knight. 

baronetcy (bar'un-et-si), n. the title 
and dignity of a baronet. 

baronial (bar-6'ni-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a baron or a barony. 

barony (bar'un-i), n. [pi. baronies 
(-is)], the rank or dignity of a 
baron; the domain or lordship of a 
baron; a territorial division in Ire- 
land, corresponding nearly to the 
English hundred; a large freehold 
estate in Scotland. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BAROQUE 



86 



BASALT 



baroque (ba-rok'), adj. grotesque; in 
bad taste. 

baroscope (bar'o-skop), n. an in- 
strument for indicating variations in 
the pressure of the atmosphere with- 
out actual measurement of its 
weight; a storm- or weather-glass. 

barouche (ba-roosh'), n. a roomy, 
four-wheeled carriage with a folding 

. or falling top. 

barracan (bar'a-kan), n. a thick 
strong stuff made of camel's hair. 

barrack (bar'ak), n. a large build- 
ing, or series of buildings, for »the 
lodgment of soldiers and officers. 

barrage (bar-razh'), n. a barrier, cur- 
tain; an attack by a line of shell- 
fire prior to a drive against the 
enemy. 

barratry (bar'a-tri), n. the practice 
of vexatiously inciting and encourag- 
ing to lawsuits or litigation; the 
committal by a ship's master, officer, 
or mariner, of an act of fraud, or 
breach of duty, whereby the owners, 
freighters, or insurers of the vessel 
are defrauded or injured. 

barred (bard), p. adj. furnished with 
bars; obstructed; secured; striped. 

barrel (bar'el), n. a vessel or cask, 
cylindrical in form, bulging in the 
middle, made of wooden staves bound 
with hoops, and having flat ends or 
heads; the quantity which a barrel 
should contain; anything resembling 
a barrel in shape; a drum or cylin- 
der; a metallic tube. 

barren (bar'en), adj. incapable of 
producing its kind; unproductive; 
unfruitful; sterile; lacking; devoid; 
profitless; empty: n. an unproduc- 
tive tract of land. 

barricade (bar-ri-kad'), n- a forti- 
fication constructed in haste of such 
materials as are nearest to hand, 
and which will serve to obstruct the 
progress or attack of an enemy, or 
shield a besieged party; any bar or' 
obstruction: v.t. to obstruct or stop 
up; fortify or enclose by a barricade. 

barrier (bar'i-er), n. anothing which 
hinders or obstructs; an obstacle to 



progress, approach, or attack; an 
enclosing fence or boundary wall; a 
limit or boundary. 

barrier-reef (-ref), n. a reef of 
coral encircling an island, or skirt- 
ing the mainland, and enclosing an 
open channel or lagoon. 

barring (bar'ing), p.pr. as prep, ex- 
cepting; leaving out of account. 

barrister (bar'is-ter), n. in England, 
a member of the legal profession 
qualified to plead at the bar; in 
Scotland, an advocate; counselor at 
law. 

barrow (bar'6), n. a frame covered 
with boards, and furnished with 
handles at both ends, or with a pair 
of wheels and handles or shafts at 
one end; a hand-barrow; a shallow 
box, with a single wheel and handles 
and supports; a wheel-barrow; a 
mound of earth or heap of stones 
forming an ancient or prehistoric 
grave, constructed in various forms. 

bar-shot (bar'shot), n. double-head- 
ed shot. 

barter (bar'ter), v.i. to traffic or 
trade by exchanging one commodity 
for another: v.t. to give in exchange: 
n. trafficking by exchange of com- 
modities; the thing given in exchange. 

bartizan (bar'ti-zan), n. a small 
overhanging turret, with loopholes 
or embrasures, projecting from the 
top of a tower or wall. 

bar wise (bar'wiz), adv. horizontally. 

barwood (bar'wood), n. a red dye- 
wood. 

barytone or baritone (bar 1-ton), 
adj. intermediate between bass and 
tenor, as a male voice or instru- 
ment: n. a person with a voice hav- 
ing this range: adj. having the last 
syllable unaccented: v.t. to leave the 
last syllable unaccented. 

barytone-clef (-kief), n. the F clef 
on the middle line of the bass staff. 

basal (bas'al), adj. pertaining to or 
forming the base; fundamental: n. 
a basal part. 

basalt (ba-sawlt' & bas'awlt), n. an 
igneous rock of greenish black color, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then 



BASANITE 



87 



BASKING-SHARK 



and composed of feldspar, augite, 
titaniferous iron, and frequently 
olivine. 

basanite (bas'a-nit), n. a black sili- 
ceous rock or jasper; Lydian stone; 
touchstone. 

bas-bleu (ba-ble'), n. a bluestock- 
ing; a literary woman. 

bascule (bas'kul), n. a mechanical 
arrangement on the see-saw prin- 
ciple by which the lowering of one 
end raises the other. 

base (bas), adj. worthless; spurious; 
of mean spirit; morally abject; deep 
or grave in sound (commonly bass). 

base (bas), n. the part of a thing on 
which it rests; a foundation or 
groundwork; that which combines 
with an acid to form a salt; the line 
or surface forming that part of a 
figure on which it is supposed to 
stand; a fortified line from which 
the operations of an army proceed; 
a starting place; the lower part of a 
heraldic field: v.t.to lay a foundation. 

baseball (bas'bawl), a game of ball 
played by nine on a side; ball used 
in playing baseball. 

base-born (bas'born), adj. born out 
of wedlock; of low or mean paren- 
tage; mean. 

baseman (bas'man), n. [pi. basemen 
('men) ], a player placed at baseball 
at the first, second, and third bases, 
respectively. 

basement (bas'ment), n. the lowest 
part of a structure; the lowest story 
of a building. 

bash (bash), v.t. to strike heavily; to 
knock out of shape. 

bashaw (ba-shaw'), n. a pasha; a 
magnate or grandee; a bigwig. 

bashful (bash 'fool), adj. easily dis- 
concerted; modest to excess; diffi- 
dent; shy. 

bashi-bazouk (bash'i-ba-zook'), n. 
a volunteer or irregular in the Turk- 
ish army. 

basic (ba'sik), adj. pertaining to a 
base; fundamental; performing the 
office of a base in a salt. 

basil (baz'il), n. a sheepskin tanned 



with bark; the name given to several 
aromatic herbs used in cookery. 

basil (baz'il), n. the angle to which 
the cutting edge of a tool is ground: 
v.t. to grind or form the edge of to 
an angle. 

basilar (bas'i-lar), or basilary (-la- 
ri), adj. pertaining to, or situated at, 
the base. 

basilic (ba-zil'ik), or basilical ('i- 
kal), adj. kingly; royal; pertaining 
to a basilica: n. the middle vein of 
the arm. 

basilica (ba-zil'i-ka), n. [pi. basilicas 
(-kaz)], in ancient Rome, a public 
hall of rectangular shape used for 
judicial assemblies; a church built 
on such a plan. 

basilisk (bas'i-lisk), n. a fabulous 
creature, variously conceived as a 
kind of serpent, lizard, or dragon, 
and sometimes identified with the 
cockatrice; the name of a lizard 
with an inflatable crest: adj. per- 
taining to the basilisk; penetrating 
or malignant. 

basin (ba'sn), n. a circular vessel for 
holding water or other liquid; a 
pond, or dock, or other reservoir for 
water; the area drained by a river; 
a set of strata or stratified forma- 
tions occupying a basin-shaped de- 
pression in older rocks. 

basis (ba'sis), n. [pi. bases ('sez) ], a 
foundation; the groundwork or fun- 
damental principle of anything. 

bask (bask), v.i. to lie in warmth; 
be exposed to genial heat; be at ease 
and thriving under benign in- 
fluences: v.t. to warm by continued 
exposure to heat. 

basket (bas'ket), n. a vessel made of 
rushes, or other flexible material, 
plaited or interwoven; as much as a 
basket will hold. 

basket-ball (bas'ket-ball), n. an in- 
door or open-air game, the object 
being to toss a large inflated ball into 
a goal at either opposing ends of the 
floor or field. 

basking-shark (bas'king-shark), n. 
one of the largest of the sharks in- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BASQUE 



88 



BASUTO 



habiting the northern seas; it is 
harmless, and has the habit of bask- 
ing at the surface in the sun. 
Basque (bask), adj. of, or pertaining 
to, the Basque race or language. 



basso-relievo. See bas-relief 
bassorin (bas'o-rin), or bassorine 

(-rin), n. a substance extracted 
from gum tragacanth and some 
other gums 






basque (bask), n. a kind of a woman's bast (bast), n. the tough inner fibrous 



jacket with a short skirt. 

bas-relief (ba-re-lef), n. low relief; 
a form of relief in which the figures 
stand out very slightly from the 
ground. ^ Also spelled bass-relief, 
basso-relievo, & basso-rilievo. 

bass or basse (bas), n. the name of 
various edible fishes allied to the 
perch. 

bass (bas), adj. low; deep; grave: n. 
the lowest part in the harmony of a 
musical composition; the lowest 
male voice, ranging from D below 
the bass staff to D or E above it; 
one who sings bass. 



bark of various trees, especially of 
the lime; rope or matting made 
from this bark. 

bastard (bas'tard), n. a child be- 
gotten and born out of wedlock; 
an animal of inferior quality or 
breed; a kind of hawk formerly 
used in falconry; a coarse brown 
sugar made from syrup previously 
boiled: adj. begotten and born out 
of lawful matrimony; spurious; 
adulterate. 

bastardize (bas'tar-diz), v.t. to make 
or prove to be a bastard; declare 
to be illegitimate. 



bass-bar (bas'bar), n. a piece of wood bastardy (bas'tar-di), n. the state 
placed lengthwise inside stringed 
instruments to resist the pressure of 
the bridge. 

bass clef (bas'klef), n. the character 
placed at the beginning of the bass 
staff. 

bass horn (bas'horn), n. a modified 
form of a clarionet. 

bass staff (bas'staf), n. the staff on 
which the notes of the bass of a 
harmonized composition are written. 

bass viol' (bas'vil), n. a large 
stringed instrument of the violin 
class for playing bass. 

basset (bas'et), v.i. to crop out at the 
surface. 

basset-horn (bas'et-horn), n. an in- 
strument resembling a clarionet, but 
of greater compass. 

bassinet (bas'i-net), n. a wicker bas- 
ket with a hood at one end. 

basso (bas'o), adj. Italian for bass: 
n. one who sings bass. 

basso-profondo (-pro-fon'do), n. 
the lowest bass voice; a singer hav- 
ing such a voice. 

bassoon (bas-oon'), n. an instrument 
of the reed kind. 

bassoonist (bas-oon'ist), n. a per- 
former on the bassoon. 



of being illegitimate, or born out of 
lawful wedlock. 

baste (bast), v.t. to beat with a 
stick; to drip or pour melted fat or 
butter on meat while roasting; to 
sew slightly, or fasten with long 
stitches, as in dressmaking. 

bastile or bastille (bas-tel'), n. a 
tower or fortification used. for the 
defense or siege of a fortified place; 
an old castle in Paris used as a 
state prison, demolished by the pop- 
ulace in 1789. 

bastinado (bas-ti-na'do), n. an Orien- 
tal mode of punishment, consisting 
in beating an offender upon the soles 
of his feet with a stick or rod. Spelled 
also bastinade: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bas- 
tinadoed; p.pr. bastinadoing], to 
beat the soles of the feet with a 
stick or cudgel. 

bastion (bas'chun), n. an earthwork 
faced with brick or stone, projecting 
from the angles of a rampart, and 
having two flanks and two faces. 

basto (bas'to), n. the ace of clubs in 
the card games of quadrille and 
ombre. 

Basuto (bas'ii-to), n. a native of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BAT 



89 



BATTLEDORE 



Basutoland, a British possession in 
South Africa. 

bat (bat), n. a heavy stick or club; 
the flattened club used in cricket or 
similar games; a batsman. 

bat (bat), n. an insectivorous mam- 
mal furnished with wings formed 
by a membrane stretched between 
the elongated fingers, legs, and tail. 

batch (bach), n. the quantity of 
bread baked at one time; a quanti- 
ty of anything produced at one 
operation; a group or collection of 
similar things. 

bate (bat), v.t. to lessen or reduce; 
deduct. 

bateau or batteau (ba-to'), n. [pi. 
bateaux, batteaux (-toz)], a light 
boat used on Canadian rivers; a 
pontoon of a floating bridge. 

bateau-bridge (-brij), n. a floating 
bridge constructed on boats. 

bath (bath), n. [pi. baths, (b&thz)], 
the act of washing or immersing the 
body in water, or exposing it to any 
other fluid or vapor; a vessel holding 
water for bathing; a building fitted 
up for bathing purposes; a medium 
through which heat is applied to a 
body; a vessel containing a solution 
for treatment of an object by im- 
mersion. 

bathe (b&th), v.t. to subject to a 
bath; immerse in water or other 
liquid; to suffuse or moisten with a 
liquid; immerse or surround with 
anything analogous to water, as 
vapor or light: v.i. to take a bath. 

bathometer (ba-thom'e-ter), n. an 
apparatus for measuring depths. 

bathos (ba'thos), n. a ludicrous de- 
scent from the elevated to the com- 
monplace in writing or speech. 

bathymetry (ba-thim'e-tri), n. the 
art of sounding or of measuring sea 
depths. 

batiste (ba-tesf), n. a kind of cambric. 

baton (bat'un, French ba-tong'), n. a 
staff or truncheon used as a weapon, 
or as a mark or badge of office; the 
wand of an orchestral conductor; a 
heraldic mark indicating illegitimacy : 



v.t. to strike with a baton or trun- 
cheon. 

Batrachia (ba-tra'ki-a), n.pl. the 
order of Amphibia which includes 
the frogs and toads. 

batrachoid (bat'ra-koid), adj. having 
the form of a frog. 

batsman (bats'man), n. the man wield- 
ing the bat in baseball or cricket. 

battalion (ba-tal'yun), n. a body of 
infantry usually forming a division 
of a regiment. 

batten (bat'n), v.t. to make fat by 
plenteous living; fertilize or en- 
rich: v.i. to grow or become fat; 
thrive at the expense of others. 

batten (bat'n), n. a narrow strip or 
scantling of wood used for various 
purposes; a strip of wood used to 
fasten the edges of a tarpaulin to 
the deck of a ship: v.t. to fasten or 
. form with battens. 

batter (bat'er), v.t. strike with 

heavy, repeated blows, so as to 

bruise, shatter, or demolish; injure 

i or impair: v.i. to make an attack 

by heavy blows. 

batter (bat'er), n. sl mixture of sev- 
eral ingredients, as flour, eggs, &c, 
beaten together, used in cookery. 

battering-ram (bat'er-ing-ram), n. 
a military engine anciently used to 
beat down the walls of besieged 
places, and consisting of a large 
beam with a head of iron somewhat 
resembling the head of a ram. 

battery (bat'er-i), n. [pi. batteries 
(-iz) ], the act of battering or beat- 
ing; a body of cannon, with its com- 
plement of officers, men, and equip- 
ments, for field operations; any 
t raised work or parapet where guns 
' are mounted and gunners screened; 
a number of Ley den jars connected 
for charging and discharging sim- 
ultaneously; an apparatus for gen- 
erating voltaic electricity. 

battle (bat'l), n. a fight or encounter 
between opposing forces; a combat; 
a contest or struggle for mastery. 

battledore or battledoor (bat'l- 
dor), n. a kind of light racket used 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BATTLEMENT 



90 



BEACH 



for playing battledore and shuttle- 
cock. 

battlement (bat'1-ment) n. an in- 
dented parapet consisting of alter- 
nate solids and openings. 

battleship (bat'1-ship), n. a heavily- 
< armored warship, classed just below 
a modern dreadnaught. 

battue (bat-tti'), w. in shooting over 
cover, the method pursued by the 
beaters who surround the preserve 
and drive the game by beats and 
cries toward the sportsmen. 

bauble (baw'bl), n. a trifling piece 
of finery; anything showy or gay; 
a child's cheap trinket; n. the club 
or staff formerly carried by a court 
jester, or king's fool. 

bavin (bav'in), n. wood easily kin- 
dled. 

bawbee or baubee (baw-be'), n- 
originally a coin issued in 1542 by 
James V. of Scotland, of the value 
of 1 d., Scotch; now applied in 
Scotland to the halfpenny. 

bawble. Same as bauble. 

bawd (bawd), n. a person who keeps 
a house of prostitution; one who 
procures women for^ lewd purposes, 
or acts as agent in illicit inter- 
course. 

bawdiness ('i-nes), n. obscenity; 
lewdness. 

bawdry (bawd'ri), n. the business 
or practice of a procuress; illicit 
intercourse; obscenity; filthy lan- 
guage. _*~~- 

bawdy (bawd'i), adj. obscene; un- 
chaste. 

bawl (bawl), v.i. to cry out with a 
loud, full, and sustained sound; 
vociferate: v.t. to proclaim loudly: 
n. a loud prolonged cry. 

bay (ba), v.i. to bark as a dog, with 
a deep sound, as hounds in the 
chase; v.t. to bark at; to pursue 
with barking so as to bring to bay; 
n. the deep-toned prolonged bark of 
a dog. 

bay (ba), adj. red or reddish, ap- 
proaching to chestnut [applied to 
horses]: n. a horse of such color. 



bay (ba), n. a recess in the shore of 
a sea or lake; the expanse of water 
between two capes or headlands; a 
recess or opening in walls; a place 
or receptacle for depositing or stor- 
ing coal; the fore part of a ship 
between decks; the laurel-tree, 
noble laurel, or sweet-bay; an hon- 
orary garland or crown, composed 
of woven laurel leaves, bestowed as 
a prize upon successful poets and 
conquerors, hence [pi.] fame. 

bay-salt (ba/sawlt), n. salt resulting 
from the evaporation of seawater, 
and used for artificial seabaths. 

bay-window (ba'win'do), n. the 
window or windows forming a bay 
or recess in a room, and extending 
outwards from the wall, usually of 
a rectangular, semicircular, or 
polygonal shape. 

baya (ba/ya), n. the weaver-bird of 
the East Indies, resembling the bull- 
finch. 

bayadeer or bayadere (ba-ya-deV), n. 
a Hindu dancing girl. Also writ- 
ten bajadere. 

bayamo (ba-ya/mo), n. a violent 
tempest of wind with lightning. 

bayonet (ba/o-net), n. a short dag- 
ger-like instrument constructed to 
fix on to the barrel of a rifle: v.t. 
to stab or drive with a bayonet. 

bayou (bii'oo), n. [pi. bayous ('ooz) ], 
in the southern United States, the 
outlet of a lake, or one of the delta 
streams of a river; a sluggish water- 
course. 

bazaar or bazar (ba-zar 7 ), n. in the 
East, a market-place or exchange; 
a hall or series of rooms with stalls 
for the sale of goods; a sale of 
fancy articles in aid of some char- 
ity; a fancy fair. 

bdellium (del'yum), n. an aromatic 
gum-resin brought from Africa, In- 
dia and Persia, and used medici- 
nally and as a perfume. 

beach (bech), n. [pi. beaches ( f ez) 1, 
the portion of the shore of the sea 
or of a lake which is washed by the 
waves; the strand; shingle: v.t. to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BEACH-COMBER 



BEARD 



run or haul up (as a vessel or boat) 
upon the beach: v.i. to land on a 
beach. 

beach-comber (bech'kom-er), n. a 
long curling wave rolling in from 
the ocean; one who hangs about the 
shore on the look-out for wreckage 
or plunder. 

beachy (bech'i), adj. having a beach; 
covered with shingle. 

beacon (be'kn), n. a signal of warn- 
ing or guidance, on sea or land; for- 
merly a fire lighted on a hill or high 
tower to signal danger or assemble 
troops, &c: v.t. to light up, as a 
beacon; furnish with beacons: v.i. 
to serve as a beacon. 

bead (bed), n. a little perforated ball 
of any suitable material, intended to 
be strung with others and worn as 
an ornament or used to form a 
rosary; any small globular body; a 
drop or bubble; a small knob of 
metal at the end of a gun-barrel 
used as a sight; a narrow rounded 
molding; an astragal: v.t. to orna- 
ment with beads or beading. 

bead-roll (bed'rol), n. a list of per- 
sons for the repose of whose souls a 
certain number of prayers are as- 
signed to be repeated; a rosary. 

beadle (be'dl), n. a messenger or 
crier of a court; a parish officer 
with various subordinate duties con- 
nected with a church or vestry, &c. 

beagle (be'gl), n. a small hound, for- 
merly used for hunting hares. 

beak (bek), n. the bill of a bird; the 
horny jaws or mandibles of other 
animals; anything which is pointed 
or shaped like a beak; the metal- 
sheathed prow of an ancient galley 
intended to pierce the vessels of an 
enemy; the powerful appendage of 
steel forming part of the bow of 
modern war-vessels; a magistrate. 

beaker (be'ker), n. a large drinking 
cup or vessel with a wide mouth ; an 
open-mouthed glass vessel with a 
projecting lip. 

beam (bem), n. a long piece of tim- 
ber or iron used horizontally or ver- 



tically to support the rafters of a 
building; one of the principal hori- 
zontal timbers of a building or ship ; 
a collection of parallel rays of light 
emitted from the sun or other lumi- 
nous body: v.t. to send forth, as 
rays of light: v.i. to shine. 

beam-compass (bem-kum'pas), n. 
an instrument used for describing 
large circles. 

beam-feather (bem'fef/i-er), n. one 
of the long feathers in the wing of 
a bird. 

beamy (be^mi) adj. emitting rays of 
light resembling a beam in size and 
weight. 

bean (ben), n. the smooth, kidney- 
shaped seed of many leguminous 
plants; the plant itself; the popular 
name of other seeds or fruits re- 
sembling true beans. 

bear (bar), v.t. [p.t. bore, bare, p.p. 
borne, p.pr. bearing], to support, 
hold up; carry or convey; suffer 
or endure; be answerable for; pos- 
sess, wear, or use; have in or on; 
contain; cherish; carry in the mind. 

bear (bar), n. a plantigrade carniv- 
orous mammal, belonging to the 
genus Ursus, the three best known 
species of which are: the brown or 
black bear of Europe, the grizzly 
bear of North America, and the po- 
lar bear of arctic regions; the name 
of two constellations in the northern 
hemisphere, called the Great Bear 
and the Little Bear; one who at- 
tempts to depreciate the value of 
stock in order to buy cheap; opposed 
to a bull; a rude, uncouth, or brutal 
person: v.t. to endeavor to lower the 
price of. 

bear-baiting (bar'bat-ing), n. the 
illegal sport of setting dogs to fight 
with captive bears. 

bear-garden (bar'gar-dn), n. a place 
where bears are kept for sport; 
hence any scene or place of tumult 
or disorder. 

beard (berd), n. the hair that grows 
on the chin, lips, and adjacent parts 
of the human face; anything which 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BEARING 



92 



BEAVER 



resembles a beard; the awn of bar- 
ley and other grains; the barb of an 
arrow, fish-hook, &c. : v.t. to take by 
the beard; oppose to the face; set 
at defiance. 

bearing (bar'ing), n. the act of en- 
during with patience; carriage; be- 
havior; mutual relation of the parts 
of a whole; meaning or application; 
the act or power of producing; the 
part of a machine that bears the 
friction; the direction or point of 
the compass in which an object is 
seen; the position of one object with 
respect to another; the heraldic 
charges that fill the escutcheon. 

bearing-rein (-ran), n. a short rein 
for holding up the head of a horse. 

bearish (bar'ish), adj. resembling a 
bear in qualities; rude; surly. 

beast (best), n. any four-footed ani- 
mal, as distinguished from birds, 
insects, fishes, and man; an irra- 
tional animal; a person rude, coarse, 
or filthy, or whose actions degrade 
him below the level of a rational be- 
ing; a brute. 

beat (bet), v.t. [p.t. beat, p.p. beaten, 
beat, p.pr. beating], to strike with 
repeated blows; thrash; knock 
n. a recurring stroke; a pulsation; 
a throb; a footfall; a round or 
course which is frequently gone 
over; a place of habitual resort; 
the rise or fall of the hand or foot 
marking the divisions of time; 
the divisions of the measure so 
marked. 

beaten-work (-werk), n. meta. 
shaped by being beaten on an anvil 

beatific (be-a-tif'ik), adj. having 
power to bless or render perfectly 
happy; blissful. 

beatific-vision (-vizh'un), n. the 
direct vision of God, regarded as the 
bliss of the angels and saints. 

beatification (be-at-i-fi-ka/shun), n. 
the- act of blessing or the state of 
being blessed; the act of the Pope in 
declaring a deceased person to have 
attained the rank of "the blessed": 



usually the second step toward 
canonization. 

beatify (be-at'i-fi), v.t.^ [p.t. & p.p. 
beatified, p.pr. beatifying], to make 
happy; bless with the completion of 
celestial enjoyment; to declare by 
public decree that a deceased person 
has attained the rank of "the 
blessed." 

beatitude (be-at'i-ttid), n. felicity 
of the highest kind; consummate 
bliss. 

beau (bo), n. [pi. beaus or beaux 
(boz) ], one who dresses himself in 
strict accordance with the fashion; 
a ladies' man or suitor. 

beau-ideal (bo-I-de'al), n. ideal ex- 
cellence. 

beau monde (bo-mond'), n. the fash- 
ionable world. 

beauish (bo'ish), adj. like a beau; 
foppish. 

beauteous (bu'te-us), adj. possess- 
ing beauty. 

beautiful ^ (bfi'ti-ful), adj. possess- 
ing qualities which charm and de- 
light the senses; lovely. 

beautify (bu'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t.^ & p.p. 
beautified; p.pr. beautifying], to 
make or render beautiful; embel- 
lish: v.i. to grow beautiful. 

beauty (bii'ti), n. [pi. beauties 
('tiz) ], an .assemblage of graces or 
properties which command the ap- 
probation of the senses; those qual- 
ities which are most pleasing to the 
eye; a particular grace or charm; a 
beautiful woman. 

beauty-sleep (-slep), n. sleep taken 
before midnight, popularly supposed 
to be more restorative than that 
taken later. 

beauty-spot (-spot), n. a patch or 
spot placed on the face with intent 
to heighten beauty by contrast. 

beauty-wash (-wosh), n. a cosmetic. 

beaver (be'ver), n. a rodent quadruped 
of amphibious habits, and valued 
for its fur; the fur of the beaver; 
a hat formerly made of beaver fur. 

beaver (be'ver), n. the portion of ar- 
mor which served to protect the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon; 
b'ook; hue, hut; think, then. 



BEAVER-RAT 



BEERY 



lower part of the face, and could be 
raised or depressed. 

beaver-rat (be'ver-rat), n. a water 
rodent of Australia and Tasmania, 
similar in habit to the European 
water vole. 

beaver-tree (be'ver-tre), n. the 
sweet-bay, common in United States. 

beaverteen (be'ver-ten), n. a species 
of fustian. 

becalm (be-kam'), v.t. to make calm 
or still. 

because (be-kawz'), conj. by reason 
of; on account of the fact. 

bechamel (besh'a-mel), n. a fine 
white sauce thickened with cream. 

beche-de-mer (bash 'de-mar'), n. the 
trepang, a sea-slug dried and eaten 
by the Chinese. 

beck (bek), n. a nod, or other signifi- 
caat gesture. 

becket (bek'et), n. a contrivance in 
ships to confine small spars or loose 
ropes, &c. 

beckon (bek'n), v.i. to make a signal 
to another by a motion of the head 
or hand: v.t. summon or signal by 
signs. 

becloud. See cloud. 

becoming (be-kum'ing), p.adj. fit; 
suitable; seemly; proper; appropri- 
. ate; befitting. 

Becquerel rays (bek-rel'raz), n. pi. 
radio-active energy manifested by 
radium, polonium, and certain com- 
pounds of uranium. 

bed-tick (bed'tik), n. a bag or case 
of strong linen or cotton for con- 
taining the feathers or other ma- 
terials of a bed. 

bedding (bed'ing), n. a bed and its 
furniture; the materials of a bed, 
whether for man or beast ; stratifica- 
tion; occurrence in layers; a founda- 
tion, or bottom layer. 

bedevilment (be-dev'1-ment), n. the 
state of being vexatiously and be- 
wilderingly disordered or confused. 

bedew (be-dii'), v.t. to moisten with 
.dew. 

bedizen (be-diz'n & -dl'zn), v.t. to 



deck or adorn; trick out with vulgar 
finery. 

bedlam (bedlam), n. a madhouse; 
an asylum or hospital for lunatics; 
hence, any scene of uproar and con- 
fusion. 

bedlamite (bed'lam-it), n. a mad 
man; an inmate of Bethlehem Hos- 
pital or bedlam. 

Bedouin (bed'oo-in), n. a nomadic 
Arab or tent-dweller of Arabia, 
Syria, and northern Africa : adC. 
nomad. 

bedrid (bed'rid) or bedridden ('rid- 
n), adj. confined to bed by age or 
infirmity. 

bedrop (be-drop'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
bedropped, p.pr. bedropping], to 
sprinkle as with drops; bespatter. 

bee-bread (be'bred), n. a brown bit- 
ter substance consisting of the pol- 
len of flowers collected and stored 
by bees as food for their young. 

beech (bech), n. [pi. beeches ('ez)j, 
a tree of the genus Fagus, yielding 
a hard timber and edible triangular 
nuts. 

beechen (be'chen), adj. pertaining 
to, or made of the wood or bark of, 
the beech. 

bee-eater (be'et-er), n. one of the 
numerous species of bee-eating 
birds. 

beef (bef), n. the flesh of an ox, bull, 
or cow, when killed. 

beefeater ('e-ter), n. a yeoman of 
the English royal guard, attending 
the sovereign on state occasions. 

beehive (be'hiv), n. a box or other 
covering for a swarm of bees, and 
serving for the storage of honey. 

bee-line (be'lin), n. the straight 
course pursued by a bee returning 
laden to the hive: hence the most 
direct way from one point to an- 
other. 

bee-moth (be'moth), n. a moth 
which lays its eggs in beehives, and 
whose laryse feed upon the wax. 

beery (ber'i), adj. pertaining to beer; 
stained by beer; affected by beer; 
maudlin. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BEESTINGS 94 BEHOLDEN 

beestings (bes'tingz), n. the first beggar; extreme poverty; beggars 

milk given by a cow after calving. collectively. 

beeswing (bez'wing), n. a gauzy film beginner (be-gin'er), n. one who be- 

occurring in port and some other gins or originates; one who enters 

wines, indicative of age. upon anything for the first time ; a 

beet (bet), n. a biennial plant, culti- novice. 

vated for its edible succulent root, begonia (be-go'ni-a), n. a genus of 

and from which sugar is made. tropical plants, cultivated for their 

beetle (be'tl), n. a heavy wooden ornamental leaves and showy flow- 
mallet employed for driving wedges, ers. 

consolidating earth, &c; a club for beguile (be-gil'), v.t. to impose upon 

beating linen, &c, in washing: v.t. or delude by guile; deceive; cause 

to use a beetle on; beat with a to pass pleasantly; divert or entertain, 

heavy wooden mallet, as a substitute beguilement (be-gil'ment), n. the 

for mangling. act of beguiling; the state of being 

beetle (be'tl), n. any insect belonging beguiled. 

to the order of Coleoptera, having begum (be'gum), n. in the East In- 

four wings, the anterior or outer dies, a princess or lady of high rank, 

pair being hardened and serving as begun, p.p. of begin, 

a horny sheath to the inner pair. behalf (be-haf ), n. advantage; favor; 

beetle (be'tl), v.i. to be prominent; support; defense; stead; interest 

jut out; overhang, as a cliff. [governed always by the preposition 

beetling (bet'ling), adj. standing in, on, or upon]. 

out; overhanging. behave (be-hav'), v.t. to conduct, 

befall or befal (be-fawl'), v.t. [p.t. comport, demean, or acquit: v.i. to 

befell, p.p. befallen, p.pr. befalling], act; conduct one's self in a proper 

to happen or occur to: v.i. come to manner, 

pa^s. behavior (be-hav'yer), n. manner of 

befana (be-fa'na), n. a fairy sup- behaving, whether good or bad ; con- 
posed to reward children by presents duct; deportment; manners, 
of sweetmeats, &c, on Ephiphany- behead (be-hed'), v.t. to cut off the 
eve (Jan. 5th). head of. 

beget (be-gef), v.t. [p.t. begot, be- beheld (be-held'), P-t. & p.p. of be- 
gat, p.p. begotten, begot, p.pr. be- hold. 

getting], to procreate, as a father or behemoth (be-he'moth), n. an ani- 

sire, generate; produce; cause to exist. mal described in Job xl. 15-24, and 

begetter (be-get'ter), n. one who be- probably intended for the hippopota- 

gets. mus. 

beggable (beg'a-bl), adj. capable of behest (be-hesf), n. a command; pre- 

being solicited as gift or alms. cept. 

beggar (beg'er), n. one who entreats behind (be-hlnd'), prep, at the back 

or supplicates with humility; one of; in the rear of; remaining after; 

who makes it his business to beg or inferior to: adv. at the back; in the 

ask for alms; one who is reduced to rear; toward the back; out of 

extreme poverty: v.t. to exhaust the sight; past in point of time, 

resources of; outdo. behold (be-hold'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 

beggarliness (-nes), n. extreme pov- beheld, p.pr. beholding], to fix the 

erty; meanness. eyes upon; have in sight; look at; 

beggarly (beg'er-li), adj. like, or in observe with care: v.i. to look; di- 

the condition of, a beggar; poor; rect or fix the mind, 

mean; contemptible. beholden (be-hol'dn), p. adj. indebt- 

beggary (beg'er-i), n. the state of a ed; obliged; bound in gratitude. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BEHOOF 



95 



BELLIGERENT 



behoof (be-hoof), n. advantage; in- 
terest; profit; use; behalf. 

behoove or behove (be-hoov'), v.t. 
to be meet, necessary, or fit for. 

beige (bazh), adj. having its natural 
color, as a fabric of undyed wool. 

being (be'ing), n. existence, as op- 
posed to non-existence; that which 
exists in any form, whether actual 
or ideal. 

bejewel (be-jti'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
-ed, p.pr. ing], to ornament or fur- 
nish with jewels. 

bekko-ware (bek'o-war), n. an an- 
cient kind of Japanese pottery in 
imitation of tortoise-shell. 

belabor (be-la'ber), v.t. to beat 
soundly. 

belate (be-laf), v.t. to make late, or 
retard. 

belay (be-la'), v.t. make fast, as a 
rope, by winding round a pin, cleat, 
&c. J 

belaying pin (be-la'mg pin), n. a 
pin of wood or metal on which to 
fasten a rope. 

belch (belch), v.t. to eject with force 
or violence: v.i. to eject wind from 
the stomach: n. the act of ejecting 
wind forcibly. 

beldam (bel'dam) or beldame 
('dam), n. a grandmother; an ugly 
old woman. 

beleaguer (be-le'ger), v.t. to be- 
siege; surround with an army so as 
to preclude escape; blockade. 

belfry (bel'fri), n. a bell tower; that 
part of a steeple or tower in which 
a bell is hung. 

Belgravian (bel-gra'vi-an), adj. be- 
longing to Belgravia, a fashionable 
quarter of London: hence aristo- 
cratic; fashionable: n. an inhabi- 
tant of Belgravia; a member of the 
upper classes. 

belie (be-li'), v.t. to calumniate; 
slander by lies; give the lie to; show 
to be false. 

belief (be-lef), n. assent to anything 
proposed or declared, and its accept- 
ance as fact, by reason of the au- 
thority whence it proceeds, apart 



from personal knowledge; faith; the 
thing believed; the whole body of 
tenets held by the professors of any 
faith; a creed; a conviction. 

believable (be-le'va-bl), adj. capable 
of being accepted as truth; credible. 

believe (be-leV), v.t. to place cre- 
dence in and accept as true, upon the 
ground of authority, testimony, or 
logical inference apart from per- 
sonal knowledge; place confidence 
in; expect or hope: v.i. to have 
faith; be more or less firmly per- 
suaded of the truth of anything; 
think or suppose. 

believer (be-le'ver), n. one who ac- 
cepts as truth something not actu- 
ally demonstrated; one who adheres 
to a religious faith; a professor of 
Christianity. 

bellman (bel'man), n. pi. bellmen, 
one who uses a bell for public an- 
nouncement; a town-crier. 

bell-metal (bel-met'al), n. an alloy 
of copper and tin, used for the man- 
ufacture of bells. 

bell-punch (bel'punch), n. a punch 
with a signal bell used on tramcars 
for puncturing the tickets and 
checking the number of fares issued. 

bell-wether (bel'we^'er), n. a weth- 
er or sheep which leads the flock 
with a bell on his neck. 

belladonna (bel-a-don'a), n. the 
deadly nightshade, a poisonous plant 
used as medicine. 

belle (bel), n. a young and handsome 
lady; a reigning beauty. 

belles-lettres (bel-let'r), n.pl. polite or 
elegant literature; light literature. 

bellicose (bel'i-kos), adj. pugna- 
cious; contentious; warlike. 

bellied (bel'id), adj. having a belly; 
swelled out in the middle. 

belligerence (bel-ij'er-ens), or bel- 
ligerency (-en-si), n. the act or 
state of warfare. 

belligerent (bel-ij'er-ent), adj. waging 
war; pertaining to war or warfare; 
warlike; n. a power recognized as 
carrying on war; a person engaged 
in fighting. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon* 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BELLOW 



96 



BENEFICENT 



bellow (bel'6), v.i. to utter a full 
resonant sound, as a bull; bawl or 
vociferate; roar, as the sea in a 
tempest, or as the wind when vio- 
lent: v.t. to utter with a louc^ frll 
voice: n. the roar of a bull; a loud, 
resounding outcry. 

bellows (bel'oz), n. sing. & pi. an in- 
strument for producing a current of 
air, and used for various purposes, 
as blowing fires, or filling the pipes 
of an organ. 

belly (belli), n. [pi. bellies ('Hz)], 
that part of the human body which 
extends from the breast to the 
thighs, and contains the bowels; the 
abdomen; the corresponding part in 
the lower animals; the part of any- 
thing that swells out into a larger 
capacity: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. bellied: 
p.pr. bellying], to swell and become 
protuberant; bulge out: v.t. to 
cause to swell out, as sails. 

belly-band (beri-band), n. a band 
that encircles the belly of a horse; 
a saddle-girth. 

belonging (be-long'ing), n. that 
which belongs to one [generally used 
in the pi.]; qualities; endowments; 
property; possessions; appendages. 

beloved (be-luvd' & luv'ed), p.adj. 
greatly loved; dear to the heart: n. 
one who is greatly loved. 

below (be-io'), prep, under in place. 

belt (belt), n. a girdle or band. 

belted-cruiser (-kroS'zer), n. sl 
quick-sailing ship, having a broad 
band of armor-plating. 

belting (bel'ting), n. belts collective- 
ly; the material of which belts are 
made. 

beluga (be-lu'ga), n. the large white 
sturgeon from the roe of which 
caviare is made; the white whale of 
the Northern Seas. 

belvedere (bel-ve-der'), n. a pavilion 
or open structure raised upon the 
top of a house; a summer house built 
on an eminence. 

bemire (be-mir'), v.t. to soil by pass- 
ing through mire; to fix in the mire. 



bemoan (be-mon), v.t. to lament* 
bewail; pity; sympathize with. 

bench (bench), n. [pi. benches ('ez) ], 
a long seat; a strong table on which 
mechanics do their work; the scat 
where judges sit in court; the 
persons who sit as judges; the 
court: v.t. to furnish with benches. 

bench-warrant (bench- wor'ant), n. 
a warrant issued by a court or 
judge, as distinguished from a jus- 
tice's warrant issued by a magis- 
trate. 

bend (bend), v.t. to curve or make 
crooked; move or deflect out of a 
straight line. 

bends (bendz), n. a disease incident 
to caisson work, caused by sudden 
changes in atmospheric pressure 
affecting the heart. 

beneath (be-neth'),. prep, lower in 
place, with reference to something 
above; under the pressure of. 

benedict (ben'e-dikt), n. a newly 
married man, especially one who 
has previously ridiculed the idea of 
matrimony. From Benedick in 
Shakespeare's play "Much Ado 
about Nothing. 

benediction (ben-e-dik'shun), n. the 
act of blessing; a blessing or ex- 
pression of kind wishes solemnly or 
affectionately invoked; the short 
blessing pronounced at the close of 
public worship. 

benedictive (ben-e-dik'tiv) or bene- 
dictory ('to-ri), adj. tending to bless; 
conveying or expressing good wishes. 

benefaction (ben-e-fak'shun), n. the 
act of conferring a benefit; a benefit 
conferred; a charitable donation. 

benefactor (ben-e-fak'ter), n. one 
who confers a benefit. Benefac- 
tress, the feminine form of the word. 

benefice (ben'e-fis), n. a fief, or es- 
tate in lands; an ecclesiastical liv- 
ing; a church endowed with revenue; 
the revenue itself. 

beneficence (be-nef'i-sens), n. active 
goodness; a benefaction. 

beneficent (be-nef'i-sent), adj. chat' 
acterized by benevolence. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BENEFICIAL 



97 



BERGAMOT 



beneficial (ben-e-fish'al), adj. con- 
tributing to a valuable end; help- 
ful; profitable; conferring or having 
the right to benefit or user. 
beneficiary (ben-e-fish'i-a/ri), adj. 
holding office under another; con- 
nected with the receipt of benefits 
or profits; freely bestowed: n. one 
who holds a benefice; in feudal 
times a vassal; one who receives 
anything as a gift. 
benefit (ben'e-fit), n. an act of kind- 
ness; a favor conferred; whatever 
promotes the happiness and well- 
being of a person or thing, or adds 
to the value of property; a theatri- 
cal performance, the proceeds of 
which go to one of the actors, &c. : 
v.t. to do good to; be of service to: 
v.i. to gam advantage; make im- 
provement. 
benevolence (be-nev'o-lens), n. the 
disposition to do good; philanthro- 
py; good-will; an act of kindness; 
a royal tax formerly levied under 
the guise of a gratuity to the sov- 
ereign. 
benevolent (be-nev'o-lent), adj. kind: 

charitable; philanthropic. 
bengal (ben-gawl'), n. a thin stuff 

made of silk and hair. 
bengal light (lit), n. a firework, 
used also for signaling at sea, giving 
a steady bright blue light. Called 
also blue light. 
bengal-stripes (-strips), n. a kind 
of cotton cloth or gingham with 
colored stripes. 
Bengal tiger (ti'ger), n. the royal 

tiger. 
benign (be-nin'), adj. of a kind or 
gentle disposition; favorable; salu- 
tary; genial. 
benignant (be-nig'nant), adj. kind; 

gracious; favorable. 
benignity (be-nig'ni-ti), n. [pi. be- 
nignities (-tiz) ], kindness of nature; 
graciousness; gentleness; mildness. 
benison (ben'i-zn), n. a blessing. 
benitier (ba-ne'tia), n. a font for 

holy water. 
benne (ben'e), n . the Sesame, an 

ate, arm, 



East Indian annual, cultivated for 

its seeds, out of which a valuable 

oil is obtained. 

bent (bent), adj. curved; crooked. 

benumbment (be-num'ment), n. the 

act of stupefying; torpidity. 
benzene (ben'zen), n. a volatile 
highly inflammable liquid, obtained 
commercially by distillation from 
coal-tar. Also called benzole and 
benzoline. 
benzine (ben-zen'), n. a liquid com- 
pounded of the volatile hydrocar-' 
bons of petroleum, and obtained by 
distillation; used as a solvent and 
for the removal of grease, &c. 
benzoic acid (as'id), n. (flowers of 
benzoin), a peculiar vegetable acid 
obtained from benzoin and other 
balsams by sublimation or decoc- 
tion. 
benzoin (ben-zo'in) or benzoine 
('zoin), n. the resinous juice of 
Gum Benjamin, a tree of Sumatra, 
&c, used chiefly in cosmetics, per- 
fumes, and incense. 
bequeath (be-kweW), v.t. to give or 
leave by will; hand down; transmit, 
bequest (be-kwest'), n. the act of 
leaving by will; something left by 
will ; a legacy. 
berberine (ber'ber-in), n. an alkaloid 
obtained, as a bitter, yellow sub- 
stance, from the barberry and 
other plants; used in dyeing. 
berberry. Same as barberry. 
berceuse (bar-sez'), n. a cradle song; 
a tender or soothing musical com- 
position. 

bereave (be-reV), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
bereaved, bereft, p.pr. bereaving], 
to deprive; make destitute; strip; 

. rob [with of before the thing taken 
away]. 

berg^ (berg),n. a large floating mass 
of ice; an iceberg; a sharp pointed 
rock projecting from the sea. 

bergamot (ber'ga-mot), n. variety 
of lemon, the rind of which yields 
the volatile oil of bergamot, much 
used in perfumery; a variety of 



i, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boom 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



BERGMEHL 



98 



BESTIAL 



pear; a variety of mint; a coarse 
kind of tapestry. 

bergmehl (berg'mal), n. mountain- 
meal, a powdery substance com- 
posed of the siliceous skeletons of 
diatoms. 

beri-beri (ber'i-ber'i), n. a malignant 
disease occurring in Japan and 
India; usually caused by eating 
polished rice, the husks of the rice 
containing a substance called vita- 
mine which is essential to health. 

Bermuda grass (ber-mQ'da gras'), n. 
a valuable variety of pasture grass. 

Bermudian (ber-mu'di-an), adj. of or 
pertaining to the island of Bermuda. 

Bernese (ber-nez'), adj. pertaining 
to Berne in Switzerland, or its in- 
habitants. 

bernicle (ber'ni-kal), n. the bernicle 



beroon (be-roon'), n. the principal 
court of a Persian house. 

berry (ber'i), n. [pi. berries X'iz)], 
any small pulpy or succulent fruit, 
<is the strawberry, &c; anything re- 
sembling a berry in shape: v.i. [p.t. 
& p.p. berried, p.pr. berrying], to 
bear, produce, or gather berries. 

berth (berth), n. ample or adequate 
sea room; a station which a ship 
occupies at anchorage or port; a 
room in a vessel set apart for officers 
or seamen; a sleeping place for a 
passenger in a ship or railway car- 
riage; a situation or appointment: 
v.t. to allot an anchorage to; give 
space to lie in; allot a sleeping place 
to. 

bertha (ber'tha), n. a kind of lady's 
cape. 

berthage (ber'thaj), n. dues levied 
upon vessels using anchorage in 
harbor or dock ; the space for moor- 
ing vessels in harbor or dock. 

Ber til Ion-system (ber'tel-yun), n. 
a system of personal identification 
by recording the dimensions of the 
human body. 

beryl (ber'il), n. sl mineral of vary- 
ing colors, commonly green or 
greenish-blue. 



berylline (ber'i-lin), adj. like a beryl 
in color. 

beseech (be-sech'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
besought, p.pr. beseeching], to en- 
treat ; supplicate; implore; beg eager- 
ly for; solicit. 

beseem (be-sem'), v.i. & v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. -ed, p.pr. -ing], to be suitable or 
seemly; to become; to seem. 

beset (be-sef), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. beset, 
p.pr. besetting], to set or stud; dis- 
tribute over; surround ; besiege ; press 
upon on all sides; press hard on. 

beshrew (be-shroo'), v.t. to wish a 
curse to; execrate. 

besides (be-sldz'), adv. more than 
that; in addition; as well: prep. 
over and above; separate or dis- 
tinct from. 

besiege (be-sej'), v.t. to encompass 
with armed forces, in order to com- 
pel a foe to surrender; lay siege \o; 
beset or harass. 

besiegement (be-sej 'ment), n. the 
act of besetting; the state of being 
encompassed. 

beslaver (be-slav'er) v.t. to besmear 
with spittle; cover with fulsome 
praise. 

beslobber (be-slob'er), v.t. to smear 
with anything running from the 
mouth, as spittle; kiss effusively all 
over the mouth; to flatter ful- 
somely. 

besmirch (be-smerch'), v.t. to soil; 
discolor; sully or dishonor. 

besom (be'zum), n. a brush of twigs 
for sweeping; a broom. 

besot (be-sof), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. be- 
sotted, p.pr. besotting], to bestialize, 
as with drink; stupefy; infatuate. 

Bessemer steel (bes'em-er-stel), n. 
steel made by a process of forcing 
air into cast iron while in a molten 
state. 

best-man (best'man), n. the grooms- 
man or principal attendant on a 
bridegroom, at the wedding cere- 
mony. See brideman. 

bested or bestead (be-sted'), p.adj. 
situated; placed; circumstanced. 

bestial (bes'tial), adj. belonging to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon* 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BESTIALIZE 



99 



BEVEL-WHEEL 



a beast; animal; having the quali- 
ties of a beast; brutal; sensual; ob- 
scene. 

bestialize (bes'tial-iz), v.t. to make 
like a beast; degrade to the level 
of a brute. 

bestiality (bes-tial'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ities or nature of a beast. 

bestir (be-ster'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. be- 
stirred, p.pr. bestirring], to put into 
brisk or vigorous action. 

bestow (be-sto'), v.t. to lay up in 
store; deposit in safe keeping; use 
or apply; give or confer [followed 
by on or upon]. 

bestrew (be-stroo') or bestrow 
(-stro'), v.t. to strew or scatter over. 

bestride (be-strld'), v.t. [p.t. bestrode 
& bestrid, p.p. bestridden, bestrid, 
p.pr. m bestriding], to stand or sit 
on with the legs astride; embrace 
with the legs, as a horse. 

bet (bet), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bet and 
betted, p.pr. betting], to stake or 
pledge on the event of a future 
contingency. 

beta-rays (ba'ta-raz), n.pl. one of 
the three principal forms of rays 
given out by radio-active sub- 
stances, consisting of streams of 
electrons or unit particles of negative 
electricity. 

betel^ (be'tl), n. a species of pepper, 
native of the East Indies, the leaves 
of which are chewed with the betel- 
nut and a little lime. 

betel-nut (-nut), n. the nut-seed of 
the East Indian areca-palm. 

bete-noire (bat-nwar), n. bugbear; 
that which is especially repellent. 

bethel (beth'el), n. a hallowed spot; 
a dissenting chapel; a seaman's 
chapel. 

betide (be-tid'), v.t. to happen to; 
befall: v.i. to come to pass. 

betimes (be-tlmz'), adv. in good sea- 
son or time; before it is too late; 
early; soon. 

betoken (be-to'kn), v.t. to indicate 
by signs; serve as a sign or token 
of; foreshadow by what is visibly 
present. 



beton (bet'un, French ba-tdng'), n« 
a concrete composed of lime, sand, 
and gravel, used for submarine 
structures. 

betony (bet'5-ni), n. a common name 
for a woodland plant, with purple 
flowers, formerly used in medicine 
and as a dye. 

betray (be-tra'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
betrayed, p.pr. betraying], to de- 
liver into the hands of an enemy 
by treachery; violate by fraud or 
unfaithfulness; reveal in breach of 
confidence; disclose inadvertently; 
deceive; indicate or show. 

betrayal (be-tra'al), n. the act of 
betraying. 

betroth (be-troth'), v.t. to contract 
to give *. any one in marriage; af- 
fiance; plight or pledge one's troth 
to. 

betrothal (be-troth'al) or betroth- 
ment ('ment), n. the act of en- 
gaging to marry; the state of being 
engaged; an engagement to marry 
by mutual promise or otherwise, by 
parental agreement. 

better or bettor (bet'er), n. one 
who wagers or lays bets. 

betterment (bet'er-ment), n. a mak- 
ing better; the improvement of land 
or houses. 

betwixt (be-twikst')> prep, between; 
in the space which separates. 

bevel (bev'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, 
p.pr. -ing], to cut to a bevel-angle: 
v.i. to slant or incline off to a bevel- 
angle: n. an angle otherwise than 
a right angle (90°); the inclination 
which one surface makes with 
another when not at right angles; 
an instrument used for drawing 
angles: adj. having the form of a 
bevel; aslant. 

bevel-gear (ger), n. a species of 
wheel-work in which the axis or 
shaft of the driving-wheel forms an 
angle with the shaft of the wheel 
driven. 

bevel-wheel (hwel), n. a cog-wheel 
with its working face oblique to 
the axis. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BEVELMENT 



100 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



bevelment (bev'el-ment), n. the act 
or process of beveling. 

beverage (bev'er-aj), n. drink of 
any description; liquor for drinking. 

bevy (bev'i), a company or assembly 
of persons, especially of ladies; a 
flock of quails or larks. 

bewail (be-wal'), v.t. to mourn or 
weep aloud for; lament: v.i. to ex- 
press grief. 

beware (be-war'), v.i. to be on one's 
guard; be wary or cautious; take 
care. 

bewilder (be-wil'der), v.t. to lead 
into perplexity or confusion; puz- 
zle. 

bewitch (be-wich'), v.t. to cast a 
spell over; subject to witchcraft; 
charm beyond the powe* of resist- 
ance; fascinate. 

bewitchery (be-wich'er-i), n. witch- 
ery; fascination; charm. 

bewitching (be-wich'ing), adj. having 
power to fascinate; captivating; 
alluring. 

bewray (be-ra/), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
bewrayed, p.pr. bewraying], to ex- 
pose, reveal. 

bey (ba), n. a governor of a province 
or district in the Turkish dominions ; 
a Turkish title of respect; a beg. 

beylik (ba/lik), n. the territory ruled 
by a bey. 

beyond (be-yond'), prep, on the fur- 
ther side of; before; past. 

bezan (bez'an), n. a Bengal cotton cloth. 

bez-antler (bez-ant'ler), n. the sec- 
ond branch of a stag's horn next 
to the antler proper. 

bezel (bez'el), n. the slope at the 

edge of a cutting tool; the rim 

which encompasses and fastens a 

- gem in its setting; the groove in 

which the glass of a watch is fitted. 

bezetta (be-zet'ta), n. a dye obtained, 
by immersing coarse rags in a col- 
ored solution. 

bezique (be-zek'), n. a modern game 
of cards. 

bezoar (be'zor), n. a calcareous con- 
cretion found in the intestines of 
certain animals. 



bhang or b&ng (bang), n. an East- 
ern drug prepared from the dried 
leaves of the hemp plant, having 
strong narcotic and astringent qual- 
ities; hashish. 

biannual (bi-an'u-al), adj. occur- 
ring twice in a year. 

biarticulate (bi-ar-tik'u-lat), adj. 
having two joints. 

bias (bi'as), n. [pi. biases (-ez) ], a 
seam formed by uniting the edges 
of two pieces of cloth cut obliquely 
to the texture; a weight on the side 
of a bowl which causes it to turn 
from a straight line; prepossession 
or undue propensity for; prejudice: 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. -ing], to 
give a bias or particular direction 
to; incline to one side; influence; 
prejudice; prepossess: adv. in a 
slanting manner; obliquely. 

biauriculate (bi-aw-rik'u-lat) , adj. 
having two auricles, as the heart of 
the higher vertebrates; having two 
ear-like projections at the base, as 
a leaf. 

biaxial (bi-aks'i-al) or biaxal ('al), 
adj. having two axes. 

bib (bib), n. a piece of cloth placed 
under an infant's chin to protect its 
clothes. 

bibasic (bi-bas'ik) , adj. a term ap- 
plied to acids which combine with 
two equivalents of a base. 

bibber (bib'er), n. a tippler. 

Bible (bi'bl), n. the Book (or the 
Books) by pre-eminence; the writ- 
ings of the Old and New Testament, 
whether in the original tongue or 
translated. 

Biblical (bib'li-kal), adj. of or per- 
taining to the Bible; scriptural. 

Biblically (-li), adv. according to 
the Bible. 

Biblicist (bib'li-sist), n. one who 
adheres to the strict letter of the 
Bible. 

bibliographer (bib-li-og'rlt-fer), n. 
one who is versed in the making of 
books, or writes a history of their 
production. 

bibliography (bib-li-og'ra-n), n. the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






EIBLIOKLEPT 



101 



BICYCLING 



science or description of books; a 
list of authorities on any subject. 

biblioklept (bib'li-o-klept), n. a book 
stealer. 

bibliolater (bib-li-ol'a-ter) or bib- 
liolatrist (-trist), n. a book wor- 
shiper; one addicted to bibliolatry. 

bibliolatry (bib-li-ol'a-tri), n. book 
worship; excessive reverence for the 
letter of the Scriptures. 

bibliology (bib-li-ol'o-ii), n. an ac- 
count of books; Biblical literature 
or doctrine. 

bibliomania (bib-h-o-ma'ni-a), n. a 
mania for acquiring rare and curi- 
ous books. 

bibliopegy (bibTi-6-pe'ji), n. art of 
book-binding. 

bibliophile (bibli-o-fil), n. a lover 
of books. 

bibliopole (bibli-6-pol), n. a book- 
seller, especially one who deals in 
rare works. 

bibliotheca (bib-li-o-the'ka), n. a 
library. 

biblus (bib'lus), n. another name for 
the papyrus. 

bibulous (bib'u-lus), adj. readily ab- 
sorbing or imbibing fluids; spongy; 
addicted to drink. 

bicallose (bi-kal'os) or bicallous 
('us), adj. having two callosities. 

bicameral (bi-kam'e-ral), adj. per- 
taining to or consisting of two legis- 
lative chambers. 

bicarbonate (bl-kar'bon-at), n. a 
carbonate or salt containing two 
equivalents of carbonic acid to one 
of a base. 

bicarinate (bl-kar'i-nat), adj. hav- 
ing two keel-like projections. 

bicaudate (bi-kaw'dat), adj. fur- 
nished with or ending in two tails. 

bice or b'ise (bis), n. name given to 
two pigments used in painting, one 
blue and the other green, called blue 
bice and green bice respectively. 

bicentenary (bi-sen'te-na-ri), n. the 
two hundredth anniversary of any 
event, or its celebration: adj. per- 
taining to a bicentenary. 

bicentennial (bi-sen-ten'i-al), adj. 



comprising two hundred years: n. 
the two hundredth anniversary of 
an event, or its celebration. 

bicephalous (bl-sef'a-lus), adj. hav- 
ing two heads. 

biceps (bi'seps), n. a muscle having 
two heads; the large flexor muscle 
of the arm and thigh. 

bichloride (bl-kl5'rid or 'rid), n. a 
compound of two or more atoms of 
chlorine combined with a base. 

bichord (bl'kord), adj. having two 
chords. 

bichromate (bi-kro'mat), n. a salt 
having two parts of chromic acid to 
one of the base. 

bicipital (bi-sip'it-al) or bicipitous 
(-us), adj. having two heads; pertain- 
ing to a biceps muscle; dividing into 
two parts at either extremity. 

bicker (bik'er), v.i. to engage in 
petty altercation; move rapidly 
with a noise; quiver; flicker: n. a 
noisy wrangle. 

biconcave (bi-kon'kav), adj. hollow 
on both sides. 

biconjugate (bl-kon'ju-gat), adj. twice 
paired. 

biconvex (bi-kon'veks) , adj. rounded 
on both sides. 

bicorn (bi-korn) or bicornus ('us), 
adj. having two horns. 

bicorporal (bi-kor'po-ral) or bicor- 
porate (-rat), adj. having two bodies. 

bicuspid (bi-kus'pid) or bicuspi- 
date (-at), adj. having two points 
or prominences: n. one of the double- 
pointed teeth forming the first pair 
of molars on either side of the jaw, 
above and below. 

bicycle (bi'si-kl), n. a vehicular ma- 
chine of various forms, but consist- 
ing primarily of two wheels placed 
in line, connected by a fork and 
backbone, and supporting a saddle 
for the rider, the machine being 
propelled by means of treadles at- 
tached to cranks or levers: v.i. to 
ride on a bicycle. 

bicycling (bl'si-kling), or bicyclism 
(-klizm), n. the practice or art of 
riding a bicycle, (The abbreviation 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BICYCLIST 



102 



BILANDER 



cycling is now more generally though 
less accurately used.) 

bicyclist (bi'sik-list), n. one who rides 
a bicycle; a cyclist. 

biddable (bid'a-bl), adj. docile, 
obedient. 

bidder {bid'er), n. one who bids or 
offers a price, as at a sale or auction. 

biddery-ware (bid'er-i-war), n. in- 
laid work made from a metallic 
alloy. Called also bidhri-ware. 

bidding (bid'ing), n. an order; com- 
mand; proclamation; the act of 
offering a price at auction. 

biddy (bid'i), n.a fowl or chicken. 

bide (bid), v.i! [p.t. & p.p. bode, 
bided, p.pr. biding], inhabit; reside: 
v.t. to endure; suffer; wait for. 

bident (bi'dent), n. a two-pronged 
instrument. 

bidental (bl-den'tal) or bidentate 
('tat), adj. having two teeth, or 
two tooth-like processes. 

bidet (bi-def, French be-da'), n. a 
form of night commode; a portable 
bath; a sitz bath. 

bidhri-ware. See biddery-ware. 

biennial (bl-en'ni-al), adj. happen- 
ing once in two years; continuing 
or existing for two years, as plants: 
n. a plant which produces roots and 
leaves in the first year, and in the 
second flowers, fruit, and seed, after- 
ward perishing; something which is 
held once in two years. 

bier (ber), n. a frame or carriage on 
which a corpse is placed, or con- 
veyed to the grave; a tomb. 

bifacial (bl-fa'shi-al), adj. having 
two similar faces or the opposite 
surfaces alike. 

bifarious (bi-fa/ri-us), adj. two-fold; 
two-rowed; pointing in two ways. 

biferous (bif'er-us), adj. bearing 
flowers or fruit twice a year. 

bifid (bl'fid), adj. partially divided 
into two. 

bifilar (bl-fil'ar), adj. two-threaded; 
fitted with two threads. 

bifocal (bi-fo'kal), . adj. having two 
foci. 

bifold (bi'fold), adj. two-fold; double. 



bifoliate (bi-fo'li-at), adj. having two 
leaves. 

bifurcate (bi-fer'kat), v.i. to divide 
in two directions or branches. 

bifurcation (bi-fer-ka'shun), n. a 
forking or division into two branches. 

bighorn (big'horn), n. the wild sheep 
of the Rocky Mountains. 

bigamy (big'a-mi), n. the offense of 
contracting a second marriage during 
the existence of a former marriage. 

biga (bi'ga), n. a two-horse chariot. 

bigamist (big'a-mist), n. one guilty 
of bigamy. 

bigamous (big'IL-mus), adj. pertaining 
to and involving bigamy. 

bight (bit), n. a loop or bend of a 
rope, in distinction from the ends; 
a bend in a coast-line forming an 
open bay; a small bay between two 
headlands. 

Bignonia (big-no 'ni-a), n. a large 
genus of American tropical climbing 
plants, to which the trumpet- 
creeper belongs. 

bigot (big'ot), n. one who is unrea- 
sonably and blindly attached to a 
particular creed, church, of party; 
one who is intolerant of opinions 
which differ from his own; a fanatic; 
one illiberal, or hypocritically stub- 
born in creed. 

bigotry (big'ot-ri), n. [pi. _ bigotries 
(-riz) ], the state or condition of a 
narrow-minded, intolerant person; 
blind and obstinate attachment to a 
particular creed, party, or opinion; 
intolerance; fanaticism. 

bigwig (big 'wig), n. a person of 
importance; usually used ironically. 

bijou (be-zhoo'), n. [pi. bijoux 
(-zhooz) ], a jewel; any small and 
elegantly finished article. 

bijouterie (be-zhoo'tre), n. jewelry 
or other small articles of vertu. 

bike (bik), n. a bicycle: v.i. to ride 
a bicycle. 

bilabiate (bi-la'bi-at), adj. having 
two lips. 

bilander (bil'an- & bi'lan-der), n. a 
small two-masted Dutch vessel of 
the hoy class. 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






BILATERAL 



103 



BILL OF LADING 



bilateral (bi-lat'er-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or having two sides. 

bilberry (bil'ber-ri), n. [pi. bilberries 
(-riz)], the whortleberry. 

bilbo (bil'bo), n. [pi. bilboes ('boz)j, a 
rapier or sword; pi. a long bar of 
iron with sliding shackles for the 
feet, and a lock at the end, for- 
mery used as fetters. 

bile (bil), n. a yellow bitter fluid 
secreted by the liver from venous 
blood; ill-humor. 

bile-stone (-ston), n. a gall-stone. 

bilge (bilj), n. the bulging part of a 
bottom, on which the vessel rests 
when aground: v.i. to spring a leak 
by a fracture in the bilge: v.t. to 
stave, or break in, the bottom or 
bilge of a ship. 

bilge-board (-bord), n. one of the 
boards covering the timbers where 
the bilge-water accumulates. 

bilge-keel (-kel), n. a piece of timber 
secured edgewise under the bottom 
of a vessel to prevent heavy rolling. 

bilge-water (-waw-ter), n. water 
which accumulates in the bilge of 
a ship. 

bilge- ways (-waz), n.pl. the timber 
supporting the cradle of a vessel, 
which upholds it while being built, 
and in launching. 

biliary (bil'i-a-ri), adj. pertaining to 
the bile; conveying the bile. 

bilin (bi'lin), n. a yellow gummy 
substance precipitated from bile. 

bilingual (bi'ling'gwal), adj. written 
or expressed in two languages. 

bilious (bil'yus), adj. pertaining to 
the bile; having the system disorder- 
ed by derangement of the biliary 
function; choleric. 

biliteral (bi-lit'er-al), adj. consist- 
ing of two letters: n. a word, root, 
or syllable consisting of two letters. 

bilk (bilk), v.t. to spoil the score of 
an opponent at cribbage; deceive 
or defraud, as by evading a pay- 
ment; leave in the lurch: n. the act 
of spoiling the score of an opponent 
at cribbage; a swindler. 



bill-board (bill '-bord), n. a level 
surface on which advertisements are 
pasted; a projection at the bow of 
a vessel. 

bill-broker (bil'bro-ker), n. one who 
negotiates the discount of bills of 
exchange. 

billet (bil'et), n. a small paper in 
writing; a note or short letter; 
ticket directing soldiers at what 
house to lodge; a soldier's lodging: 
v.t. to quarter or lodge, as soldiers: 
v.i. to be quartered or lodged. 

billet (bil'et), n. a small stick or log 
of wood, as for fuel; an ornament 
in Norman work, resembling a billet 
of wood. 

billet-doux (bil-le-doo'), n. [pi. billets- 
doux (bil-le-doo') ], a love-letter. 

bill-hook (birhook), n. a small kind 
of hatchet with a hooked point. 

billiards (bil'yerdz), n. sl game 
played on a rectangular, cloth-cov- 
ered slate table, 5 x 10 feet in size, 
with ivory balls and a cue. (The 
sing, form billiard is used always 
in composition.) 

bil liken (bil'i-ken), n. grotesque im- 
age; symbol of good cheer. 

bill of entry (en'tri), n. a written 
account of goods entered at the cus- 
tom house. 

bill of exchange (eks-chanj'), n. a 
written order from one person or 
house (the drawer) to another (the 
acceptor) to pay to the person des- 
ignated a certain sum at a fixed 
time, in consideration of value re- 
ceived. 

bill of health (-helth), n. a certifi- 
cate given to the master of a ves el, 
under the signature of a consul or 
other authority, specifying the state 
of the health of a ship's company 
or passengers at the time of her 
clearing a port. 

bill of lading (la/ding), n. a docu- 
ment specifying the goods shipped 
on board a vessel, and signed by the 
master of such ship, acknowledging 
the receipt of the goods, and under- 
taking their safe conveyal to the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue hut; think, then. 



BILL OF MORTALITY 



104 



BIOGRAPHY 



consignee, unforeseen perils being 
only excepted. , 

bill of mortality (mor-tal'i-ti), ft. 
the official return of the deaths 
(also births) occurring in a par- 
ticular district within a certain 
period. 

bill of sale (sal), ft. a formal in- 
strument for the transfer of goods 
and chattels. 

billingsgate (bil'ingz-gat) , n. coarse 
or profane language; virulent abuse. 

billion (biryun), n . i n the United 
States one thousand millions (1,- 
000,000,000); ni England a million 
millions (1,000,000,000,000). 

billon (bil'on), n. an alloy of gold 
and silver, with a large proportion 
of copper or other base metal, used 
in coinage of low value. 

billot (bil'ot), n. bullion in the mass 
or bar. 

billow (biro), n. a great wave of 
the sea swelled by the wind: v.i. 
to rise and roll in large waves or 
surges. 

bilobate (bi-lo'bat), or bilobed 
(lobd), adj. divided into two lobes 
or segments. 

bimanous (bl'ma-nus), adj. having 
two hands. 

bimetallism (bl-met'al-izm), ft. the 
1 egalized adoption of two metals (as 
gold and silver) in the currency of 
a country, at a fixed ratio. 

bimetallist (bi-met'al-ist), n. an ad- 
vocate for the use of a double 
metallic standard. 

bimonthly (bi-munth'li), adj. oc- 
curring once in two months. [Some- 
times incorrectly employed to desig- 
nate semi-monthly periodicals.] 

bin (bin), ft. a receptacle for any 
commodity, as corn, coal, &c. ; a 
frame for bottles in a wine-cellar. 

binary (bi'na-ri), adj. consisting of 
two things or parts; twofold. 

binary star (star), n. a double star 
or sun whose members revolve round 
their common center of gravity. 

binate (bi'nat), adj. growing in 
couples. 



bind-weed (-wed), n. a common 
name for plants belonging to the 
genus Convolvulus. 

binding (bind'ing), ft. the act of 
making fast; a bandage; the cover 
of a book; something that secures 
the edges of cloth. 

bine (bin), ft. the slender stem of a 
twining plant. 

bing (bing), ft. a heap or pile of any- 
thing. 

binnacle (bin'a-kl), n. a turret- 
shaped box containing a ship's com- 
pass. 

binocle (bin'o-kl or bi'no-kl), n. a 
field or opera glass with two eye- 
tubes for the use of both eyes at 
once. 

binocular (bi-nok- or bin-ok'u-ler), 
adj. having two eyes; pertaining to, 
or suited to, the use of both eyes. 
Also binoculate. 

binomial (bi-no'mi-al), n. an expres- 
sion or quantity consisting of two 
terms connected by the sign plus 
( + ) or minus ( — ) : adj. consist- 
ing of two terms; pertaining to bi- 
nomials; having two names. 

binomial theorem (the'o-rem), n. 
the celebrated theorem of Sir Isaac 
Newton, which expresses the law of 
formation of any power of a bino- 
mial. 

binoxide. Same as dioxide. 

bioblast. Another name for bioplast. 

biodynamics (bi-o-'di-nam'iks), ft. 
the doctrine of vital force or energy. 

biogenesis (bi-o-jen'e-sis), or biog- 
eny (-oj'e-ni), ft. the doctrine that 
living organisms can proceed only 
from, or be generated by, living 
parents or germs; the science of 
life development. 

biograph (bi'o-graf), ft. a device for 
projecting animated pictures onto a 
screen. 

biographer (bi-og'ra-fer), n. one 
who writes the history of a particu- 
lar person's life. 

biography (bi-og'ra-fi), n. [pi. biog- 
raphies (-fiz) ], the history of the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






BIOLOGIC 



105 



BISK 



life of a particular person; bio- 
graphical writings in general. 
>logic (bi-o-loj'ik), or biological 
(-al), adj. pertaining to the science 
of life. 

tlogist (bi-ol'o-jist), n. one who 
studies, or is skilled in, the science 
of living forms. 

biology (bl-ol'-o-ji), n. the science 
which deals with the origin and life- 
history of plants and animals. 

bioplasm (bi'o-plazm), n. living 
germinal matter or protoplasm. 

bioplast (bi'o-plast), n. & minute 
mass of protoplasm possessing forma- 
tive powers. 

biotaxy (bl'o-tak-si), n. the classifi- 
cation of living organisms according 
to their structural characters. 

biparous (bip'a-rus), adj. bringing 
forth two at a birth. 

bipartite (bi-par'tit), adj. divided 
into two similar parts; having two 
correspondent parts. 

biped (bi'ped), adj. having two feet: 
n. a two-footed animal. 

bipennate (bi-pen'nat), or bipen- 
nated (-ed), adj. having two wings. 

biplane (bi'plan), n. an aeroplane 
with two planes or sustaining sur- 
faces, as in the Wright or Farman 
machines. 

biplicate (bi'pli-kat), adj. doubly 
folded. 

biquadrate (bi-kwod'rat), or bi- 
quadratic (-rat'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the fourth power: n. the 
fourth power, arising from the mul- 
iplication of a square number or 
[uantity by itself. 

rch (berch), n. [pi. birches ('ez) ], 
tree or shrub belonging to the 
;enus Betula; a rod formed of birch 
:wigs used for punishment ; a birch- 
)ark canoe: adj. birchen: v.t. to 
chastise with a birch rod; flog. 
•dlime (berd'lim), n. a viscous 
substance prepared from holly-bark, 
and used for entangling small birds 
in bird-snaring. 

birdmen (berdmen), n. aviators. 

bird's-eye (berdz'I), adj. seen from 



above, or at a glance, as by a flying 
bird; hence, general, not minute or 
detailed. 

biretta (be-ret'ta), n. a square ec- 
clesiastical cap.. Also birretta, be- 
retta, berretta. 

birn (bern), n. that part of a clario- 
net or a similar instrument into 
which the mouthpiece fits. 

birostrate (bi-ros'trat), adj. having 
a double beak, or beak-like process. 

birth-rate ('rat), n. the increase of 
population as shown by the percent- 
age of registered births to the num- 
ber of inhabitants in a district within 
a specified period. 

birth-right ('rit), n. any right or 
privilege to which a person is en- 
titled by birth; the right of the first 
born. 

biscuit (bis 'kit), n. a kind of un- 
raised bread, baked hard and dry, 
and shaped in flat cakes; pottery 
after the first baking and previous 
to glazing and burning. 

bisection (bi-sek'shun), n. division 
into two equal parts. 

bisector (bi-sek'ter), n. one who, or 
that which, bisects; a straight line 
which bisects an angle. 

bisexual (bi-seks'u-al), adj. combin- 
ing the organs of both sexes in one 
individual; hermaphrodite. 

bishop (bish'up), n. one of the high- 
est orders of an Episcopal Church; 
below in rank to an archbishop, but 
above a priest; a spiritual overseer; 
the spiritual head or ruler of a 
diocese, having the power of ordina- 
tion, confirmation, and consecra- 
tion; the name of one. of the pieces 
used in playing chess. 

bishop's sleeve (bish'ups-slev), n. 
a wide sleeve worn by women, so 
called from its resemblance to that 
worn by Anglican bishops. 

bishop's staff (bish'ups-staf), n. a 
crosier. 

bishopric (bish'up-rik), n. the office, 
dignity or jurisdiction of a bishop; 
diocese. • 

bisk or bisque (bisk), n. soup or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BISMUTH 



106 



BLACKEN 



broth composed of several kinds of 
meat or fish boiled together; craw- 
fish soup; a stroke allowed to an 
inferior player or side at lawn-tennis. 

bismuth (bis'- or biz'muth), n. one 
of the elements, a light reddish- 
colored metal of brittle texture. 

bison (bl'son), n. the aurochs, or 
European bison, still preserved in 
Lithuania; the American bison, in- 
accurately termed the buffalo, which 
is now practically extinct. 

bisque (bisk), n. an unglazed white 
porcelain, used for statuettes, &c. 

bissextile (bis-seks'til), n. leap-year: 
adj. pertaining to leap-year. 

bister (bis'ter), n. a dark brown pig- 
ment extracted from wood-soot. 

bisulphate (bl-sul'fat), n. a salt of 
sulphuric acid in which half of its 
hydrogen is replaced by a positive 
element. 

bisulphite (bi-sul'fit), n. sl salt of 
sulphurous acid, half the hydrogen 
of which is replaced by the base. 

bisymmetry (bi-sim'e-tri), n. corre- 
spondence of the right and left parts 
of anything. 

bitch (bich), n. the female of the 
dog, or of other canine animals. 

bi-telephone (bi-tel'e-fon), n. a pair 
of telephones arranged so that they 
can be applied simultaneously to 
both ears. 

bitt (bit), n. a post of wood or iron 
to which cables are made fast [gen- 
erally used in the pL] : v.t. to put 
round the bitts. 

bitter-cup (-kup), n. a cup made of 
quassia wood, which imparts a bit- 
ter taste to liquids poured into it. 

bitter-sweet (bit'er-swet), n. the 
woody nightshade, the roots and 
leaves of which when chewed pro- 
duce first a bitter, then a sweet 
taste. 

bitterish (-ish), adj. somewhat bit- 
ter. 

bittern (bit'ern), n. a wading bird 
of the^ heron family; the residual 
brine in salt works from which 
Epsom salt is prepared. 



bitters (bit'ers), n.-pl. liquor in which 
herbs or roots are steeped. 

bitumen (bi-tu'men), n. mineral 
pitch. 

bituminous (bi-tu'min-us), adj. hav- 
ing the qualities of, or containing, 
bitumen. 

bivalent (bl'va- or biv'a-lent). n. an 
element, one of the atoms of which 
can replace two atoms of hydrogenJ 

bivalve (bi'valv), adj. having twd 
valves or shells united by a liga* 
ment: n. a mollusk whose shell is 
composed of two parts or valves, 
connected by a ligament or hinge, 
which are opened or closed by 
muscles, as the oyster or mussei. 

bivouac (biv'56-ak), n. an en earn 
ment of soldiers in the open ai 
without tents: hence, any open air 
encampment: v.i. to encamp with 
out tents in the open. 

biwa (be'wa), n. a Japanese musical 
instrument similar to the mandolin. 

biweekly (bl-wek'li), adj. occurring 
or appearing every two weeks; fort- 
nightly [frequently confused with 
semi-weekly = twice in ^ a week]. 

bizarre (bi-zar'), adj. odd in manner 
or appearance; fanciful; grotesque. 

blackamoor (blak'a-moor), n. a negro. 

black antimony (an'ti-mo-ni), n. the 
black sulphide of antimony. 

black art, necromancy, magic. 

blackball (blak'bawl), v.t. to reject 
or exclude (as a candidate) by 
placing black balls in the ballot 
box. 

black-canker (blak'-kangk-er), n. a 
disease in root crops. 

black-cap (blak'-kap), n. the popu- 
lar name of several black-crested 
birds; the cap worn by a judge 
when pronouncing sentence of 
death ; the black raspberry. 

black-cock (blak'-kok), n. the mal 
of the European black grouse o 
black game; the heath-cock. 

black-currant (blak'kur-ent), n 
the well-known garden bush, and 
its fruit. 

blacken (blak'n), v.i. to grow black 



: 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BLACK-FISH 



107 



BLARE 



or dark: v.t. to make black; de- 
fame; asperse. 

black-fish (blak'-fish), n. a female 
salmon immediately after spawn- 
ing; a common name for several 
species of English and American fish. 

black-flag (blak'-flag), n. the flag 
of a pirate with a skull and cross- 
bones emblazoned upon it. 

black-fly (blak'-fli), n. a black 
plant-louse; a minute beetle inju- 
rious to turnips. 

black-friar (blak'-fri-ar), n. a friar 
of the Dominican order; so called 
from the black gown adopted by 
members of the order. 

blackguard (blag'ard), n. a man of 
low character, and addicted to the 
use of foul or abusive language; a 
scoundrel: adj. vicious; low; vile; 
scurrilous; abusive: v.t. to revile in 
scurrilous language. 

black-hole (blak'-hol), n. a dun- 
geon or dark cell in a prison; a 
place of confinement for soldiers. 

black-jack (blak'-jak), n. a large 
leathern vessel or drinking-cup of 
old times; the ensign of a pirate; 
dwarf oak, quercus nigra. 

black-leg (blak'-leg), n. one who 
endeavors to obtain money by cheat- 
ing at races or cards; a rook; an 
opprobrious term for a workman 
who is not a member of any trade 
union; a disease affecting sheep and 
cattle. 

black-letter (blak'-let-er), n. the 
old English or Gothic letter em- 
ployed in the early manuscripts and 
the first printed books: adj. written 
or printed in black-letter. 

black-list (blak'list), n. a list of 
persons who are deemed to be de- 
serving of punishment, or whom it 
is desirable to exclude from busi- 
ness transactions: v.t. to put in a 
black-list. 

blackmail (blak'mal), n. a tax an- 
ciently paid in money, corn, or cat- 
tle, in the north of England, and in 
Scotland, to the agents of robbers, 
to secure protection from pillage: 



hence extortion by means of intimi- 
dation: v.t. to extort money or 
goods from by intimidation of any 
kind. 

blacksmith (blak'smith), n. a smith 
who works in iron and makes iron 
utensils, horse-shoes, &c. 

blackthorn (blak'thorn), n. the 
sloe; a stick cut from the stem of 
the sloe. 

bladder (blad'er), n. a thin elastic 
membranous bag in animals, in 
which a fluid is collected; any ves- 
icle, blister, or pustule containing 
fluid or air; a hollow membranous 
appendage to some plants: v.t. put 
up in a bladder, as lard. 

blade-bone (blad'bon), n. the scap- 
ula or shoulder-blade. 

blain (blan), n. a pustule or blister. 

blamable or blameable (blam'a-bl), 
adj. deserving of censure. 

blamably (-bli), adv. in a culpable 
manner. 

blame (blam), v.t. to censure; re- 
proach: n. an imputation of a fault; 
censure; responsibility for anything 
wrong. 

blanch (blanch), v.t. to take the 
color out; make lustrous; to remove 
the covering of: v.i. become white; 
turn pale: n. lead ore found sepa- 
rate in the rock. 

blanc-mange (bla-monzh'), n. a 
white jelly, composed of isinglass, &c. 

bland (bland), adj. mild; soft; gen- 
tle; affable; soothing. 

blandishment (blan'dish-ment), n. 
winning expressions or actions; art- 
ful caresses. 

blank (blangk), adj. confounded; 
confused; dejected; empty; free 
from writing or printing. 

blank verse (vers) , n. unrhymed verse. 

blanket (blang'ket), n. a soft, loose- 
ly woven woolen cloth for a bed or 
as a covering: v.t. to toss in a 
blanket by way of punishment or 
joke; pass to windward to take the 
wind out of the sails of. 

blare (blar), v.i. to bellow; to give 
forth a loud sound like a trumpet: 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BLARNEY 



108 



BLEND 



v.t. to sound loudly; trumpet forth: 
n. a noise like the blast of a trum- 
pet. 

blarney (blar'ni), n. soft, wheedling 
speech; flattery: v.t. [p.t.- & p.p. 
blarneyed: p.pr. blarneying], to in- 
fluence or talk over by soft, wheedling 
speeches; humbug with flattery. 

blarney-stone, a stone in the wall 
of Blarney Castle, Cork, on kissing 
which a person is said to become an 
adept in flattery. 

blase (bla-za/), adj. exhausted by 
excess of pleasure. 

blaspheme (blas-fem'), v.t. to speak 
irreverently of; mock; revile: v.i. to 
utter blasphemy; use profane lan- 
guage. 

blasphemous (blas'fe-mus), adj. 
uttering, containing, or exhibiting 
blasphemy; profane. 

blasphemy (blas'fe-mi), n. [pi. blas- 
phemies (-miz) ], impious, profane, 
or mocking speech concerning God 
or sacred things; expressed con- 
tempt or contumely for the person- 
ality or authority of God. 

blast (blast), n. a violent or sudden 
gust of wind; a forcible stream of 
air from an orifice; the sound pro- 
duced by blowing a wind instru- 
ment. 

blastema (blas-te'ma), n. [pi. blas- 
temata (-ma-ta) ], the point of 
growth of an organ as yet unformed, 
from which it is developed. 

blastoderm (blas'to-derm), n. the 
germinal spot in an ovum, from 
which the embryo is developed. 

blastogeriesis (blas-to-jen'e-sis), n. 
reproduction by gemmation or bud 
ding. 

blatant (bla'tant), adj. bawling; noisy. 

blather (bla^'er), n. foolish chatter. 

blatherskite (blaffr'er-skite), n. a 
foolish chatterer; a worthless fellow . 

blaze (blaz), n. a body of flame; bril- 
liant sunlight; a sudden bursting 
out; active display ; a white spot on 
the face of a horse or other quad- 
ruped; a white mark cut on a tree. 



blazer (blaz'er), n. that which shines' 
a bright colored striped jacket. 

blazon (bla/zn), n. a coat of arms; 
a description of armorial bearings; 
ostentatious display: v.t. to explain 
technically, according to heraldic 
rules; embellish; display; proclaim 
boastingly. 

blazonry (bla/zn-ri), n. a heraldic 
device; the art of describing and 
explaining coats of arms; decora- 
tion, as with heraldic devices. 

bleach (blech), v.t. to make white 
by removing color or dirt by the 
action of the sun's rays, or by a 
chemical process: v.i. to grow or 
become white. 

bleachery (blech'er-i), n. [pi. bleach- 
eries (-iz) ], a place where bleaching 
is carried on. 

bleaching-powder (-poud'er), n. 
chloride of lime. 

bleak (blek), adj. exposed to wind 
and cold; desolate; unsheltered; 
cheerless; piercing. 

bleak (blek), n. a small river fish, 
remarkable for its brilliant silvery 
scales. 

blear (bier), adj. sore or dim from 
a watery discharge: said of the 
eyes: v.t. to make sore or watery, 
as the eyes; to dim or obscure. 

bleat (blet), v.i. to cry as, or like, a 
sheep: n. a cry, as of a sheep. 

bleb (bleb), n. a blister; a pustule; 
a bubble. 

bleed (bled), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. bled, 
p.pr. bleeding], to emit, or lose 
blood; to shed one's blood. 

blemish (blem'ish), v.t. to injure; 
stain; mar; tarnish; defame: n. 
any defect or deformity, physical or 
moral ; a blemish. . 

blench (blench), v.i. to start back; 
flinch; quail. 

blend (blend), v.t. to mix together, 
so that the things mixed cannot be 
separated or individually distin- 
guished: v.i. to mingle; shade im- 
perceptibly into each other: .n. a 
mixture, as of colors, liquids, tobac- 



ate, arm, ask, at, 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 







BLENDE 



109 



BLOCK-HOUSE 



cos, teas, &c; a shading of one 
color, &c, into another. 

blende (blend), n. native sulphide of 
zinc. 

blenorrhea (blen-nor-re'a), n. leucor- 
rhea; excessive discharge of mucus. 

bless (bles), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed & 
blest, p.pr. -ing], to consecrate; in- 
voke a blessing upon; bestow happi- 
ness upon; praise or extol; esteem 
happy. 

blet (blet), n. a decayed spot in fruit: 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. bletted, p.pr. bletting], 
to become internally decayed. 

blew, p.t. of blow. 

blewits (bloo'its), n. the edible pur- 
ple mushroom. 

blight (blit), n. a disease in plants, 
which causes them to wither partly 
or wholly; smut; mildew; any- 
thing which serves to check, nip, or 
•destroy: v.t. to affect, with blight; 
to check, nip, destroy, or frustrate. 
ind (blind), adj. destitute of the 
sense of sight; without light, morally 
or intellectually; undiscriminating. 

blind-fish (blind'fish), n. a diminu- 
tive fish of pale color, with rudi- 
mentary eyes, inhabiting the water 
of Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. 

blind shell (bllnd'shel), n. a shell 
which falls without exploding, or 
contains no charge. 

blind spot (blind'spot), n. that 
point in the retina where the optic 
nerve enters the eye, but is not sen- 
sitive to the light. 

blindfold (bllnd'fold), adj. having 
the eyes covered so as to be unable 

I to see; having the mental eye or 
understanding darkened: v.t. to 
cover the eyes of, as with a bandage; 
hinder from seeing, 
ind man (blind'man), n. [pi. blind- 
men (-men)], a man who is blind, 
blind man' s buff (blind'manz buf), 
n. a game in which one of the players 
is blindfolded, and tries to catch 
one of the others. 
blind worm (bluid'werm), n. a small 
slender, limbless lizard, so named 
from the popular but erroneous sup- 



position that it was blind. Also 
called slow-worm. 

blink (blink), v.i. to wink with or 
as with the eye; twinkle; to get a 
glimpse; glimmer. 

blinker (bling'ker), n. one who 
blinks; a leather flap placed one on 
each side of a horse's bridle to pre- 
vent him from seeing any object ex- 
cept in front; that which obscures 
the sight or mental perception: pi. 
colored spectacles to shield the eyes 
from excess of light. 

bliss (blis), n. the highest degree of 
happiness; blessedness; the perfect 
joy of heaven. 

blister (blis'ter), n. a vesicle or pus- 
tule on the skin containing watery 
matter or serum; an elevation made 
by the raising of an external film 
or skin; an application to the skin 
to produce a blister: v.t. to raise 
a blister or blisters on: v.i. to rise 
in blisters, or become covered with 
blisters. 

blithe (blith), adj. gay; joyous; glad; 
mirthful; sprightly. 

blithesome (bli^'sum), adj. gay; 
merry. 

blizzard (bliz'ard), n. a, furious hur- 
ricane of wind with fine blinding 
snow, and characterized by intense 
cold; a poser. 

bloat (blot), v.t. to cure or dry in 
smoke. 

bloat (blot), v.t. to cause to swell; 
make turgid or swollen, as with 
water or air; inflate; make vain: 
v.i, to grow turgid. 

bloater (blot'er), n. a herring smoked 
and partially dried, but not split 
open. 

blob (blob), n. a blister; a bubble. 

block (blok), n. any unshaped solid 
mass of matter, as of wood, stone, 
&c; a row of buildings; a square 
or portion of a city enclosed by 
streets; an obstruction; hindrance; 
shares bought or sold in the mass. 

block-head (blok'hed), n. a stupid 
fellow. 

block-house (blok'hous), n. an edi- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




BLOCK SYSTEM 



110 



BLOW 



fice constructed of heavy timber, 
and finished with loopholes for 
musketry. 

block system (blok'sis-tem), n. a 
system of working railway traffic 
by which the line is divided into 
short sections, no train being al- 
lowed to leave a section until the 
next section is signaled clear. 

blockade (blok-ad'), n. the shutting 
up of a place, as a port, by hostile 
ships or troops, with a view to com- 
pelling a surrender by preventing 
ingress or egress, or the reception of 
supplies: v.t. to surround and shut 
up; obstruct; block. 

blockage (blok'aj), n. an obstruction. 

blond or blonde (blond), adj. of a 
fair color; light colored: n. a per- 
son of very fair complexion and 
light hair (usually fern, blonde). , 

blonde-lace ('las), n. a silk lace. 

blood (blud), n. the fluid which cir- 
culates in the arteries and veins of 
an animal; the juice of anything, 
especially if red; kinship; consan- 
guinity; lineage; extraction; high 
birth; temper; a man of high spirit. 

blood-heat (blud'het), n. the nor- 
mal heat of the human blood in 
health (98° F.). 

blood-horse (blud'hors), n. a horse 
of pure breed or pedigree. 

bloodhound (blud'hound), n. a 
breed of large dogs remarkable for 
their' acuteness of smell, and em- 
ployed to track wounded game, or, 
as formerly, fugitive slaves and es- 
caped criminals; a blood-hunter. 

blood-money (blud'mun-i), n. mon- 
ey obtained at the cost of another's 
life; the reward paid for discovery 
or capture of a murderer; compen- 
sation paid to the next of kin of a 
person slain by another. 

bloodstone (blud'ston), n. a dark 
green variety of quartz spotted with 
red jasper; heliotrope; red hematite 
iron ore. 






blooded, 

breed. 



adj. of the best stock or 



bloody (blud'i), adj. pertaining to, 
containing, or resembling blood; 
blood-stained; cruel; murderous; 
attended with bloodshed; a coarse 
intensive expletive. 

bloody-flux (blud'i-fluks')* n. dys- 
entery. 

bloom (bloom), n. a blossom; the 
flower of a plant; the blossoming of 
flowers; a state or period of health 
and growth, promising higher per- 
fection, or exhibiting freshness and 
beauty; the blue color upon certain 
newly-gathered fruits. 

bloomer (bloom'er), n. a costume 
for women sought to be introduced 
by a Mrs. Bloomer, of New York, 
in 1849-50, and consisting of a short 
skirt, loose trowsers, fastened round 
the ankle, and a broad-brimmed hat. 
[Also used as adj.]. 

bloomery (bloom'er-i), or bloomary 
('a-ri), n. a forge in which wrought 
iron is made directly from the ore. 

blossom (blos'um), n. the flower of 
a plant; the state of flowering; 
bloom: v.t. to put forth blossoms; 
flower; flourish. 

blot (blot), n. a spot or stain; an ob- 
literation or erasure; a blemish; 
disgrace: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. blotted, 
p.pr. blotting!, to spot or stain; 
mar; stain with infamy; cancel or 
efface [usually with out]; dry with 
blotting-paper; eclipse; obscure. 

blotch (bloch), n. a large irregular 
spot; a clumsy daub; an eruption, 
or pustule: v.t. to mark or disfigure 
with irregular blots or spots. 

blottesque (blot-esk'), adj. coarsely 
delineated, or marred by a heavy 
touch or blots. 

blouse (blouz), n. a light, loose over- 
garment; a French workman: such 
artisans usually wearing a blue 
blouse. 

blow (bio), n. a mass of blossoms; 
the state or condition of flowering: 
v.i. [p.t. blew,, p.p. blown, p.pr. 
blowing!, to blossom; flower. 

blow (bio), n. a stroke with the hand 
or with a weapon; a knock; an act 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BLOW 



111 



BLUNDER 



of hostility; a sudden shock or ca- 
lamity. 

blow (bio), v.i. [p.t. blew, p.p. blown, 
p.pr. blowing], to form or make a 
current of air; pant; breathe quickly; 
sound by being blown; spout water; 
boast. 

blow-fly (blo'fll), n. any species of 
fly which deposits its eggs upon 
flesh. 

blowing-mold (blo'ing-mold), n. a 
metal mold in which bottles and 
other hollow glass objects are blown. 

blow-pipe (blo'pip), n. a long tube of 
cane or reed used by South Amer- 
ican Indians and the Dyaks of Bor- 
neo to discharge arrows by the force 
of the breath; a tube through which 
a current of air or gas is driven 
upon a flame so as to concentrate its 
heat upon a substance to fuse it. 

blowy (blo'i), adj. windy; breezy. 

blowzed (blouzd') or blowzy (blou'- 
zi), adj. ruddy-faced; high-colored; 
coarse-complexioned, as by exposure 
to the weather. 

blubber (blub'er), v.i. to weep vio- 
lently, or so as to disfigure the face : 
v.t. to disfigure with weeping: n. the 
fat of whales and other cetaceans, 
from which train-oil is prepared; a 
jelly-fish or medusa. 

blucher (blooch'er), n. a strong half- 
boot. 

bludgeon (bluj'un), n. a short heavy 
stick j sometimes loaded, used as a 
weapon. 

blue (blu), adj. of the color of the 
clear sky; azure; low-spirited; dis- 
mal; severe; pedantic. 

blue-bell ('bel), n. the wild hya- 
cinth; the harebell of Scotland. 

blue-book ('book), n. a governmental 
official report, &c: so called from 
the blue paper covers. 

blue blood Cblud), n. aristocratic 
lineage. 

bluebottle ('bot-1), n. a common 
field flower; a species of fly. 

bluebonnet ('bon-et), n. a Scotch 
cap of blue cloth; a name given to 



the Scottish troops before the 
Union; a Scotchman. 

bluebuck Cbuk), n. a name given to 
a small antelope, and the blauwbok 
of South America. 

blue-devils ('dev-ilz), n.pl. low spirits; 
mental depression; delirium tremens. 

blue-grass ('gras), n. a rich pasture 
grass. 

blue-gum ('gum), n. a lofty tree of 
Australia, valuable for its timber, 
and for its essential oil: used as a 
preventive against influenza. 

bluejacket (blu'jak-et), n. a sailor. 

bluelight (blu'lit), n. a light of that 
hue used as a signal; a pyrotechnic 
composition. 

blue-mold (bhYmold), n. a minute 
fungus which attacks bread and oth- 
er food-stuffs. 

blue-peter (blu'pe-ter), n. a small 
blue flag with a white square in the 
center used as a signal for sailing, 
&c. 

blue-ribbon (blu'rib-un), n. a priaed 
distinction; mark of success. 

blue-spar (blu'spar), n. lazulite. 

blue-stocking (bhYstok-ing), n. a 
woman of literary tastes or occupa- 
tion. 

blue-stone (blti'ston), n. sulphate of 
copper. 

blue-sky law (blu-skl-law), n. in the 
U. S. a law to prevent the issue of 
fraudulent securities. 

bluing (blu'ing), n. the process of 
imparting a blue tint; the indigo, 
&c, used by washerwomen. 

bluff (bluf), adj. having a broad, 
flattened front; rising steeply or 
boldly; broad and full; rough and 
hearty; surly; gruff. 

bluffer (bluf-fer), n. one who tries to 
frighten another by a pretension to 
power or strength which he has not. 

bluffily (-li), adv. in a blunt, out- 
spoken, or off-hand manner. 

bluffy (bluf'i), adj. having bold steep 
banks, or headlands. 

bluish (blu'ish), adj. somewhat blue. 

blunder (blun'der), v.i. to make a 
gross mistake; err stupidly; to move 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BLUNDERBUSS 



112 



BOB-STAY 



or act clumsily: n. a gross or stupid 
mistake. 

blunderbuss (blun'der-bus), n. a 
short gun or firearm with a large 
bore, now obsolete. 

blunt (blunt), adj. having a thick or 
rounded edge or point; not sharp; 
dull in understanding; abrupt in 
address; plain-spoken: n. money, 
especially silver money: v.t. to dull 
the edge or point of, by making it 
thicker; impair the force, keenness, 
or susceptibility of. 

blur (bier), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. blurred, 
p.pr. blurring], to dim; sully; stain; 
blemish: n, a smudge; a moral stain 
or blemish; a dim confused appear- 
ance. 

blurt (blert), v.t. to speak inadver- 
tently; divulge unadvisedly [usually 
with out]. 

blush (blush), v.i. to become red in 
the face, as from shame or confus- 
ion; bloom; feel shame (for): n. 
the suffusion of the cheeks or face 
with a red color, through shame, 
confusion, modesty, <fcc; a red or 
reddish color; a rosy tint. 

bluster # (blus'ter), v.i. to be windy 
and boisterous, as the weather; talk 
in a noisy, swaggering style; bully; 
use empty threats: v.t. to utter with 
noisy violence [with forth or out]: 
n. the noise and violence of a storm, 
or of the wind in impotent gusts; 
noisy talk; empty menace-; swagger. 

blusterous (blus'ter-us), blustrous 
('trus), or blustery ('ter-i), adj. 
noisy; tumultuous; rough. 

boa (bo'a), n. [pi. boas ('az) ], a huge 
serpent of South America; a long 
fur tippet. 

boa -constrictor (bo'a-kon-strik- 

ter), n. a reptile remarkable for its 
length and power of destroying its 
prey by constriction. 

boar (bor), n. the male of swine; the 
wild hog, or wild boar. 

board (bord), n. a piece of timber 
sawed thin, and of considerable 
length and breadth compared with 
the thickness; a table for food ; pro- 



vision; entertainment; a council or 
court. 

boarding (bord'ing), n. light timber 
collectively; a covering of boards; 
the act of supplying, or state of be- 
ing supplied with, food and lodging 
for a stipulated sum; the act of en- 
tering a ship. 

boarish (bor'ish), adj. swinish; bru- 
tal; cruel. 

boast (b5st), v.i. to brag; to speak 
of one's self or belongings in asser- 
tive and bombastic terms; vaunt; 
exult: v.t. to brag of: n. proud, 
vainglorious speech; a cause of 
boasting; occasion of pride, vanity, 
or laudable exultation; a stroke, in 
tennis, driving the ball at an acute 
angle against the court wall. 

boast (bost), v.t. to dress (stone) 
with a broad chisel and mallet; to 
dress (a block) in outline for a 
statue, &c, prior to more detailed 
or delicate work. 

boat (bot), n. a small open vessel 
usually moved by oars but often by 
a sail; a ship; an open dish resem- 
bling a boat in shape: v.t. to trans- 
port in a boat: v.i. to go in a boat; 
row; sail. 

boatswain (bot'swan, usually bo'sn), 
n. a petty officer of a ship who 
has charge of the rigging, anchors, 
cables, and cordage, and who sum- 
mons the crew to their duty. 

bob (bob), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bobbed, 
p.pr. bobbing,] to impart a short 
jerking motion to; to cut short. 

bobbin (bob 'in), n. one of the pins 
or small cylinders of wood used to 
carry and steady the threads in pil- 
low-lace making; a spool or reel 
with a head at one or both ends, 
used to hold yarn or thread for 
spinning, weaving, or sewing; a ma- 
chine-made cotton netting or lace, in 
imitation of pillow-lace; bobbinet. 

bobolink (bob'o-lingk), n. an Amer- 
ican song-bird. Called also ricebird, 
reedbird, boblincoln. 

bob-stay (bob'sta), n. one of two or 
more ropes or chains to hold the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



i 



BOBTAIL 



113 



BOLAS 



bowsprit down toward the stem or 
cut-water. 

bobtail (bob'tal), n. a short tail or a 
tail cut short; the rabble (rag-tag 
and bobtail). 

boche (bosh), n. a French term of 
contempt for Germans. 

bock-beer (bok'ber), n. a variety of 
lager beer of double strength. 

boco-wood (bo'ko-wood), n. the hard 
dark-colored wood of a tree of Gui- 
ana, extensively used for furniture, 
turnery, &c. 

bode (bod), v.t. to portend; be an 
omen of: v.i. to augur; presage. 

bodice (bod'is), n. the close-fitting 
waist or body of a woman's dress. 

bodily (bod'i-li), adj. not mental; 
corporeal: adv. corporeally; entirely. 

boding (bod'ing), n. an omen; pre- 
sentiment; adj. foreboding; ominous. 

bodkin (bod'kin), n. a pointed in- 
strument for piercing holes; a blunt 
needle for drawing tape, ribbon, &c, 
through a hem or loop; a long pin 
or stiletto to fasten up the hair; an 
awl-like printer's tool. 

body (bod'i), n. [pi. bodies ('iz)], 
the material organized substance of 
an animal, as distinguished from the 
soul, spirit, or vital principle; the 
trunk, or main portion, of an ani- 
mal or tree; the main or principal 
part of anything. 

body-blow (bod'i-blo), n. a term in 
prize-fighting, meaning a blow struck 
between the neck and the belt. 

body-color (bod'i-ku-er), n. a pig- 
ment possessing body or consistence, 
as distinguished from a transparent 
wash-tint. ' 

body politic (bod'i pol'i-tik), n. the 
collective body of people living under 
an organized political government. 

body-snatcher (bod'i-snatch-er), n. 
one who removes bodies from graves 
to sell them for dissection; resur- 
rectionist. 

Boeotian (be-o'shan), adj. pertaining 
to Bceotia in central Greece, noted 
for its moist and heavy atmosphere; 
dull; stupid. 



Boer (boor), n. a Dutch colonist of 
South Africa engaged in farming or 
cattle breeding. 

bog (bog), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bogged, p. 
pr. Dogging], to sink or submerge in 
a bog or quagmire: v.i. to sink or 
stick in a bog: n. a tract of wet, 
spongy ground, composed of de- 
cayed and decaying vegetable mat- 
ter; a quagmire; marsh; morass. 

bogey or bogy (b5'gi), n % [pi. bogeys, 
bogies Cgiz)], a hobgoblin; a spectre. 

boggle (bog'gl),^. to hesitate; waver; 
equivocate; act clumsily; bungle: v.i. 
to make a bungle of; embarrass :n. 
the act of hesitating or taking alarm; 
a bungle; botch. 

bogie or bogey (bo'gi), n. a four- 
wheeled truck supporting the front 
of a locomotive, or each end of a 
carriage, and turning beneath it by 
a central pivot. 

bogus (bo'gus), adj. counterfeit; 
spurious. 

bohea (bo-he'), n. a kind of black tea. 

Bohemian (bo-he'mi-an), n. a person 
who disregards social conventionali- 
ties, or evinces a wild or roving 
disposition; a gipsy. 

Bohemian glass (bo-he'-mi-an glas), 
n. a glass made in Bohemia, Austria, 
noted for its beautiful ornamenta- 
tion and hardness. 

boil (boil), v.i. to be in a state of 
ebullition through the action of 
heat; seethe; be agitated or excited 
by passion or anger; be subjected to 
the action of boiling water: v.t. to 
heat to the boiling point; cause to 
bubble by heat; collect from, or 
separate, by boiling; subject* to the 
action of heat in a boiling liquid. • 

boil (boil), n. an inflamed and pain- 
ful suppurating tumor. 

boiler (boil'er), n. one who boils; a 
vessel in which anything is boiled; 
a strong metallic vessel, in which 
steam is generated for driving en- 
gines or for other purposes. 

boisterous (bois'ter-us),, adj. violent; 
rough; stormy; turbulent; noisy. 

bolas (bo'las), n. sing, or pi. a hunt- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






BOLD 



114 BONBON 



ssrau°ffi8re «;; Sip t g ea disagreeable which 

K r?^ r » Pt tke P Sk e or stem of a bomb' (bom S, «. a hollow iron 
b °h„ P' Antral term for friable ball or shell filled with an explos.ve 

£ -4 h o?^ : ™ Juy colored s^«SS».^ £ 

bouVoib^o),- n. a lively Spanish *£*>% constructed and thrown 
dance; the music accompanying snch bo ^* h ^ h d ( bom , ketch) , n . astrong . 
a dance. meteor ly-built vessel, on which one or 

fi^-^S-r^ - (E , b into; 3-n i-gniy—jj - 

boflardVl'ard),*. a strong post of ^J" 1 * 1 ° fficer ° f ^ 

^S PP (b?CtTSj, W ran n -in- Slniltnent "of the frumpet 
strument for me^uring mmute eta ^ „ origina!1 y 

quantities of radiant heat. cotton or other soft material used 

cushioned or padded part of a sad- zet), n. a sort or urn* *> 

rtoutmetallicpinorrodusedforhold- and ^bazeem 

ing objects together: ».«. to shoot^ ^i^fvlXfi'de) genuine, 
discharge; start or spring; swallow bona fide (bo . nft n ae^ . ge 

bolt" (bolt), .J. to sift or separate the bonbon (b6ngT>6ng), «■ a sugar- 
5 te, arm, H, at, awl; me, merge, met; mtte, mit;_note, n6rth, not; boon, 



BOND 



115 



BOOMER 



plum; any confection of sugar; a 
Christmas cracker. 

bond (bond), n. anything that binds, 
fastens, or confines; a ligament: pi. 
fetters; imprisonment; captivity: 
hence a cause of union; duty; obli- 
gation; an instrument under seal by 
which a person binds himself, his 
heirs, &c, to do, or abstain from 
doing, a certain act. 

bone (bon), n. the ossified tissue 
forming the skeleton of most verte- 
brate animals. 

bone-black (bon'blak), n. animal 
charcoal. 

bonfire (bon'fir), n. any large fire 
made in the open air to celebrate an 
event, or consume rubbish. 

bonhomie (bon-o-me'), n. goodheart- 
edness; a frank good-natured man- 
ner. 

boniface (bon'i-fas), n. an inn- 
keeper. 

bon-marche (bong-mar-sha/), good 
market. 

bonne (bon), n. a French nurse. 

bonnet (bon'et), n. a soft woolen 
cap worn by men in Scotland; a 
woman's head-covering, varying ac- 
cording to fashion, but distinguished 
from a hat by having no brim ; any- 
thing resembling a bonnet in shape 
or use: v.t. to crush the bonnet or 
hat over the eyes of. 

bonny (bon'ni), adj. handsome; beau- 
tiful; pretty; gay; blithe. Written 
also bonnie. 

bonspiel (bon'spel), n. in Scotland, 
a curling match between players of 
different clubs. 

bon-ton (bong-tong'), n. the style of 
persons in high life; good breeding; 
fashionable society; height of fash- 
ion. 

bonus (bo'nus), n. [pi. bonuses (-ez)], 
a sum given, or paid, over and 
above what is required, or actu- 
ally payable; an additional dividend 
out of accumulated profits; a sum 
paid in addition to regular pay or 



boo (boo), inter j. an expression of 



aversion or contempt: n. hooting: 
v.i. to low like an ox; groan: v.t. to 
hoot at. 

booby (boo'bi), n. a dunce; a stupid 
fellow; a species of gannet, a West 
Indian bird. 

boobyish (-ish), adj. stupid; silly. 

boodle (bood'l), n. money paid for 
votes, or undue political influence; 
bribe money. 

boodler (bood'ler), n. one who gives 
or accepts a bribe. 

boo-hoo (boo-hoo'), v.i. to cry noisily, 
like a baby. 

bookkeeping (bookTcep-ing), n. the 
art of recording pecuniary or busi- 
ness transactions in a regular and 
systematic manner. 

bookmaker (book'mak-er), n. one 
who writes and publishes books; a 
compiler; one who bets against the 
success of a horse in a race, and en- 
ters his transactions in a book; a 
professional betting man. 

bookman (book'man), n. a studious 
man; a scholar. 

bookmuslin (book'muz-lin), n. a fine 
kind of transparent muslin. 

bookworm (book'werm), n. the larva 
or grub of various species of insects 
which infest and injure books; a 
person closely addicted to study. 

booking-office (book'ing-of'fis), n. 
in England, an office where tickets 
are sold, for railway or steamship 
traveling, or for seats in a theater. 

bookish (book'ish), adj. given to 
reading; fond of study; better ac- 
quainted with books than with men; 
pedantic. 

booklet (book'let), n. a little book. 

boom (boom), n. a long pole or spar 
run out to extend the foot of certain 
sails; a strong chain, cable, or fine 
of spars bound together, extended 
across a river or harbor to exclude 
an enemy's ships; a deep, hollow 
sound; a sudden demand for a com- 
modity; a rapid rise in price. 

boomer (boom'er), n. one who stand 
or promotes a boom : the Australian 



ate, arm, ask, at,- awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BOOMERANG 



116 



BOROUGH, ENGLISH 



name for the male of the great kan- 
garoo. 

boomerang (boom'e-rang), n. a mis- 
sile weapon used by the Australian 
aborigines, consisting of a piece of 
flat curved hard wood, which, when 
thrown by the hand in a certain 
manner, describes a series of curves, 
and finally returns to the thrower, 
striking the ground behind him; 
hence any action which may recoil 
on its projector. 

boon (boon), n. prayer or petition; a 
benefit; a gift; a privilege; a favor; 
adj. gay; kind; jovial; merry, con- 
vivial. 

boon (boon), n. the refuse woody 
matter of flax from which the fiber 
has been dressed. 

boor (bdor), n. a rustic; a peasant; 
a South African colonist of Dutch 
descent; a rude, ill-mannered, 
clownish person. 

boorish (boor'ish), adj. like a boor; 
clownish; awkward in manner; il- 
literate. 

boose.. See booze. 

boost (bo5st), v.t. to lift by pushing 
from behind: n. a lift from behind. 

boot (boot), v.t. to profit; advantage; 
avail [usually with it]. 

booth (booth), n. a temporary struc- 
ture made of boards, canvas, &c. 

bootless ('les), adv. without advan- 
tage. 

boots (boots), n. the servant in a 
hotel who cleans the boots of the 



boot-tree (boot'tre), n. a wooden 

form, placed in boots or shoes to 

keep their shape. 
booty (boo'ti), n. pi. [booties ('tiz) 

spoil taken in war; plunder; pillage. 
booze or boose (booz), v.i. to drink 

immoderately; tipple: n. liquor; 

drink; a carouse; spree. 
bora (bo'ra), n. a fierce, dry N.E. 

wind which blows on the coasts of 

the Adriatic Sea. 
boracic acid (as'id), n. a, compound 

of boron with oxygen and hydrogen. 



borax (bo'raks), n. a salt compound- 
ed of boracic acid and soda, used as 
a flux in soldering metals, and in 
the manufacture of glass, enamel, 
artificial gems, &c. 

bord (bord), n. the face of coal paral- 
lel to the natural fissures. 

bordage (bord'aj), n. planking of a 
ship's side; the servile tenure by 
which a villein of the lowest rank 
held his cottage. 

Bordeaux (bor-do'), n. red and white 
wines produced in the district of 
Bordeaux, France. 

border (bor'der), n. the outer part 
or edge of anything; a margin; 
brink; boundary; frontier; a nar- 
now flower bed: v.t. to make a bor- 
der about, or to adorn with a bor- 
der; adjoin: v.i. to touch at the edge 
or boundary [with on or wpori\. 

border-land (bor'der-land), * land 
forming a border or frontier; an 
uncertain or debatable district. 

bore (bor), v.t. to pierce or drill a 
hole in; form by piercing or drill- 
ing; to force (as a passage) with 
effort; weary by tedious repetition, 
or by dullness; annoy. 

bore (bor), n. a tidal wave which 
breaks in the estuaries of some riv- 
ers, and, being impeded by the nar- 
rowing channel, rises in a watery 
ridge and courses along with great 
force and noise. 

bore, p.t. of bear. 

borean (bo're-an) or boreal (-al), 
adj. northern; pertaining to the 
North, or to the North wind. 

borecole (bor'kol), n. a variety of 
kale. 

boredom (bor'dum), n. ennui; the 
realm of bores; bores collectively. 

born (born), p. adj. innate; inherited. 

borne, p.p. of bear, to carry. 

boron (bo'ron), n. a non-metallic ele- 
ment occurring abundantly in borax. 

borough (bur'o), n. a corporate town. 

borough, English (ing'lish), n. a cus- 
tom existent in some parts of Eng- 
land, by which an estate descends 

. to the youngest son instead of the 



H; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






BORROW 



117 



BOUNCE 



eldest, or, if there is no son, to the 
youngest brother. 

borrow (bor'o), v.t. to obtain (a 
thing) on loan; adopt; appropriate; 
copy. 

bort (bort), n. imperfect or inferior 
diamonds used for polishing other 
stones. 

boscage or boskage (bos'kaj), n. 
grouud covered with trees and 
shrubs; woods; thickets; a wooded 
landscape. 

bosh (bosh), n. absurd or empty talk; 
utter nonsense: inter j. humbug! 

bosket (bos'ket), n. a grove; a thicket. 

bosky (bos'ki), adj. woody; bushy. 

bosom (boo'zum), n. the breast; 
clothing covering the breast; the af- 
fections or passions; something lik- 
ened toa bosom, as a sustaining 
surface, inmost recess, &c. 

boss (bos), n. [pi. bosses ('ez) ], a 
protuberant part; a stud or knob; 
an ornamental projection of a ceil- 
ing: v.t. to ornament with studs or 
knobs. 

boss (bos), n. a master, superintend- 
ent; foreman; leader: adj. chief; 
most highly esteemed: v.t. to direct; 
manage. 

botanic (bo-tan'ik), or botanical 
('i-kal), adj. pertaining to botany. 

botanist (bot'a-nist), n. one who 
studies or is skilled in a knowledge 
of plants. 

botanize (bot'a-niz), v.i. to seek af- 
ter plants for the purpose of study- 
ing them: v.t. to explore botanically. 

botany (bot'a-ni), n. the science 
which treats of plants. 

botch (boch), v.t. to mend or patch 
in a clumsy manner; put together 
unskilfully: n. a clumsy patch; bad 
work. 

bother (bo^'er), v.t. to annoy; tease; 
worry; give trouble: v.i. to trouble 
one's self; be troublesome: n. worry; 
annoyance; one who, or that which, 
bothers. 

botheration (bof/i-er-a'shun), n. the 
act of bothering, or state of being 
bothered. 



bots (bots), n.pl. the larvse of several 
species of gadfly, which infest horses, 
oxen, sheep, &c. 

bottle-holder (bot'l-hold'er), n. one 
who waits upon a pugilist in a prize- 
fight, administering refreshment, &c; 
a backer; a second. 

bottle-nose (bot'1-noz), n. a name 
given to several species of cetaceans 
having bottle-shaped noses. 

bottom (bot'um), n. the deepest part 
of anything; the base; foundation. 

bottom-lands (bot'um-lanz), n.pl. 
rich flat alluvial soil on the river 
banks of the Western States. 

bottomry (bot'um-ri), n. the act of 
borrowing money on the security of 
a ship. 

bouche or bouch (boosh), v.t. to 
drill a new mouth or vent in. 

boudoir (boo'dwar), n. a small room,, 
elegantly furnished for a lady's pri- 
vate use. 

bouffe (boof), n. opera-bouffe ; comic; 
opera. 

bough (bou), n. an arm or branch of 
a tree. 

bought, p.t. & p.p. of buy. 

bougie (boo-zhe'), n. a wax taper or 
candle; a slender flexible tube for 
insertion in the urethra, rectum, 
&c, in cases of stricture. 

bouilli (boo'lye, French boo-ye'), n. 
meat boiled or stewed with vege- 
tables. 

bouillon (boo'lyon, French boo-yong') 
n. a clear soup produced from boiled 
meat. 

boulder (bol'der), n. a large stone 
worn or rounded by the action of 
water; a portion of rock which has 
been transported to some distance 
from its native bed. 

boule (boo'le), n. the higher popular 
assembly of ancient Athens; the 
modern Greek legislative assembly. 

boulevard (boo'le-vard), n. a broad 
street, planted with trees. 

bounce (bouns), v.t. to cause to 
bound; to eject summarily; to bully: 
v.i. to strike against anything so as. 
to rebound; leap or spring suddenly 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n»/ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BOUND 



118 



BOWSE 



or unceremoniously; boast or blus- 
ter: n. a sudden bound or spring; a 
heavy sudden thrust or thump; a 
boast; brag; an impudent lie: adv. 
with a spring; suddenly. 

bound (bound), n. a limit; confine: 
extent; boundary: pi. territory with- 
in certain boundaries: v.t. to serve 
as a limit to; circumscribe. 

bound (bound), v.i. to jump or spring 
suddenly or in succession; leap; re- 
bound: n. a leap; spring; jump; 
rebound. 

bound, p.t. & p.p. of bind. 

bound (bound), adj. ready to go; 
destined. 

boundary (bound'a-ri), n. [pi. bound- 
aries (-riz) ], the extent or limit of 
anything. 

bounder (bound'er), n. an ill-bred 
fellow. 

bounteous (boun'te-us), adj. giving 
freely; liberal in gifts; munificent. 

bountiful (boun'ti-fool), adj. liberal 
in bestowing gifts or favors; gener- 
ous; ample. 

bounty (boun'ti), n. [pi. bounties 
('tiz) ], liberality in bestowing gifts 
or favors; generosity; munificence; 
a premium offered by a government 
to induce men to enlist in the army 
or navy, or to encourage some branch 
of industry. 

bouquet (boo-ka/), n. a nosegay; a 
perfume or aroma characteristic of 
some wines. 

bouquetier (boo-ke-ter'), n. a bou- 
quet-holder. 

bourdon (boor'don), n. the bass 
drone of the bagpipe; a bass stop of 
an organ. 

bourgeois (boor-zhwa'), n. a French 
citizen of the mercantile class; a 
shopkeeper; a size of type between 
long primer and brevier (ber-jois') 
(see type) : adj. of or pertaining to 
the mercantile or middle class. 

bourgeoisie (boor-zhwa-ze'), n. the 
French middle classes; the middle 
class connected with the trade of 
any country. 



bourn (boom), n. a stream; a rivu- 
let; a bound; destination; goal. 

bourree (boor-ra/), a composition of 
a lively character, allied to the 
gavotte. 

bourse (boors), n. a stock exchange 
for the transaction of business, es- 
pecially the Bourse or Stock Ex- 
change of Paris. 

bout (bout), n. a turn or bend; a 
going and returning; as much as is 
performed at one time; a trial; 
essay; round; contest. 

boutonniere (boo-ton-nyar'),, n. a 
bouquet worn in the button-hole. 

bovine (bo'vin), adj. of, or pertain- 
ing to, oxen; resembling or possess- 
ing the characteristics of an ox or 
cow; stolid; dull. 

bow-net (bo'net), n. a conical basket 
for trapping lobsters and crayfish. 

bow-saw (bo'saw), n. a saw for 
cutting curves. 

bowdlerize (bod'ler-iz), v.t. to ex- 
purgate, as an editor, everything 
deemed offensive or indelicate. 

bowel (bou'el), n. one of the intes- 
tines of an animal; a gut [generally 
in the pi.]: pi. the interior part of 
anything; tenderness; pity (II Cor. 
vi. 12). 

bower (bou'er), n. a shelter con- 
structed of boughs or twining plants; 
an arbor. 

bower (bou'er), n. anchor carried 
at the bow of a ship; one of the 
two highest cards in euchre, or the 
second and third highest (when the 
joker is used). 

Bowery (bou'er-i), n. a street in New 
York City, derived from a Dutch 
word meaning farm. 

bowie-knife (b6'e-mf), n. a sheath- 
knife formerly used in the United 
States as a weapon. 

bowline (bo'lin), n. a rope fastened 
near the middle of a square-sail, to 
keep the ship near the wind. 

bowling alley (bo'ling al-i), n. a 
specially prepared court or "alley" 
for the game of bowls. 

bowse (bouz), v.i. to pull or haul hard. 



ate, arm, llsk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BOWSPRIT 



119 



BRAIL 



bowsprit (bo'sprit), n. a large boom 
or spar running out from the stem 
of a ship or other vessel to carry- 
its sails forward. 

bowstring (bo'string), n. string of 
a bow; string used by the Turks for 
strangling offenders: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. bowstrung, p.pr. bowstringing], 
to strangle with a bowstring. 

boxhaul (boks'hawl), v.t. to veer a 
ship round instead of tacking. 

boxiana (bok-si-an'a or -a/na), n.pl. 
the literature of prize-fighting. 

boxing-glove (boks'ing-gluv), n. a 
padded glove. 

boxmetal (boks'met-al), n. an an- 
tifriction alloy used for journal- 
boxes, shafting, &c. 

boyar (boi'ar), n. a Russian landed 
proprietor; the name of the Con- 
servative party in Rumania. 

boycott (boi'kot), v.t. to combine 
against a person so as to ostracize 
socially, and prevent or hinder the 
conduct of his business or profes- 
sion, as a means of punishment or 
intimidation: n. the act or state of 
boycotting; a combination for such 
a purpose. 

boycottee (boi-kot-e'), n. a boycotted 
person. 

boyer (boi'er), n. a Flemish sloop 
with a raised structure at each end. 

boy-scout (boi-skout), n. one of an 
organization for the physical and 
moral development of boys. 

brace (bras), n. that which holds 
anything tightly, or supports it firm- 
ly; a prop; a bandage; a pair. 

brace-drill, (bras'dril), n. a drill for 
boring metals. 

bracelet (bras'let), n. an ornamental 
band or ring for the wrist. 

brachial (bra'ki- or brak'i-al), adj. 
pertaining to, or connected with, 
the arm. 

brachiate (bra'ki- or brak'i-at), adj. 
having branches in pairs, nearly 
horizontal, and each pair at right 
angles with the next. 

bracken (brak'en), n. the brake fern. 

bracket (brak'et), n. a supporting 



piece projecting from a wall; a 
single or jointed gas-pipe, burner, 
&c; one of two marks [], used to 
enclose a word or note, or to indi- 
cate an interpolation; a brace: v.t. 
to furnish with or enclose within 
brackets; connect by brackets; 
couple together. 

brackish (brak'ish), adj. saltish. 

bract (brackt), n. a modified leaf 
growing from the flower stem, or 
enveloping a head of flowers. 

bracteate (brak'te-at), adj. fur- 
nished with bracts; made of thin 
beaten metal. 

bracteolate (brak'te-o-lat), adj. 
furnished with bracteoles. 

bracteole (brak'te-ol), n. a small 
bract. 

brad (brad), n. a slender flat nail, 
having a projection on one side: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. bradded, p.pr. bradding], 
to nail or secure with brads. 

brae (bra), n. a hillside; sloping 
ground. 

brag (brag), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bragged, 
p.pr. bragging], to boast; speak 
vaingloriously: n. a boast; a thing 
to boast of; ostentatious pretense; 
a game of cards. 

braggadocio (brag-a-do'shio), n. a 
boaster; a braggart; empty boasting. 

braggart (brag'art), n. a boaster; a 
vain fellow: adj. boastful. 

bragger (brag'er), n. one who brags. 

brahma (bra'ma), n. a useful varie- 
ty of large domestic fowl. 

Brahma (bra'ma), n. the chief god 
of Brahminism, worshipped by the 
Brahmins. 

Brahmin (bra'min) n. [pi. Brahmins 
(-minz)], a member of the Hindu 
priestly caste. 

Brahminee (bra'min-e), n. a female 
Brahmin. 

braid (brad), v.t. to weave or inter- 
twine; plait : n. a plaited band or fillet. 

braidism (bra'dizm), n. hypnotism. 

brail (bral), n.pl. certain ropes used 
to gather up the foot and leeches of 
a sail prior to furling: v.t. to hau. 
in by the brails [usually with up] 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






BRAILLE 



120 



BRATTICING 



braille (bral), n. a system of printing 
for the blind, by means of raised 
characters. 

brain (bran), n. the soft whitish con- 
voluted mass occupying the cranium 
of a vertebrate, constituting the cen- 
ter of the nervous system, and the 
seat of consciousness and volition; 
the understanding; intellectual pow- 
er: v.t. dash out the brains of. 

brain-storm (bran'storm), n. a tem- 
porary abnormal condition _ of the 
brain, presumably causing insanity 
while existing. 

brain-wave (bran'wav), n. a tele- 
pathic vibration by which it is sup- 
posed a thought is conveyed from 
one mind to another. 

braise (braz), v.t. to stew (as meat) 
in a covered vessel: n. braised meat. 

brait (brat), n. a rough diamond. 

brake (brak), n. an instrument or 
machine to break flax; the handle of 
a pump; a baker's kneading trough; 
a sharp bit or snaffle. 

brake (brak), n. a place overgrown 
with bracken, brushwood, &c: the 
common fern. 

brake-shoe (brak'shoo), n. that part 
of a brake which presses against the 
wheel. 

braky (brak'i), adj. full of bracken, 
brushwood, &c; rough; thorny. 

bramble (bram'bl), n. the English 
blackberry; any prickly bush or 
shrub. 

bran (bran), n. the husks of wheat, 
rye, &c, separated from the flour 
by bolting. 

branch (branch), n. [pi. branches 
('ez)], a shoot or limb from a main 
bough; an off-shoot; any member or 
part of a body or system. 

branchiae (brahg'ki-e), n.pl. the res- 
piratory organs of fishes and some 
amphibia; gills. 

branchial (brang'ki-al), adj. per- 

• taining to the branchiae or gills. 

branchiate (brang'ki-at), adj. having, 
permanent gills. 

branchlet (branch'let), n. a little 
branch. 



brand (brand), n. a burning piece of 
wood, any 'form of trade-mark: 
hence, quality or kind; a stigma or 
mark of infamy; a fungoid disease of 
plants. 

brandish (bran'dish), v.t. to move, 
wave, or shake, as a raised weapon. 

brandling (brandling), n. a salmon 
of the first year; a small red worm 
used for bait by fresh-water anglers. 

brandy (bran'di), n. [pi. brandies ('diz)], 
an ardent alcoholic liquor distilled 
from wine or the husks of grapes. 

brand-new (brand'nu),ad;. quite new. 

branny (bran'i), adj. having the ap- 
pearance of bran; consisting chiefly 
of bran. 

brant. Same as brant-goose. 

brant-rfox (brant 'foks), n. a variety 
of fox found in Sweden. Called 
also brent-fox. 

brant-goose (brant'goos), n. the 
smallest species of the wild goose. 

brash (brash), adj. brittle, as wood. . 

brash (brash), n. a rash or eruption; 
broken, loose, and angular fragments 
off rock underlying alluvial deposits: 
small broken pieces of ice. 

brasque (brask), n. a paste used for 
lining crucibles, &c; v.t. to line 
with brasque. 

brass ' (bras), n. [pi. brasses ('ez)], 
an alloy of copper and zinc; a uten- 
sil, ornament, or other article made 
of brass; a monumental tablet of 
brass; money; impudence: pi. the 
brass instruments of a band: v.t. to 
cover with brass. 

brassard (bras'sard), n. an emblem 
denoting some particular distinction. 

brassie (bras'i), n. a stick or club 
used in the game of golf. 

brassy (bras'i), adj. pertaining to, or 
resembling, brass; impudent, brazen. 

brat (brat), n. a child [used con- 
temptuously]. 

brattice (brat 'is), n. a partition or 
separation-wall in a level or shaft 
to form an air passage: v.t. to divide 
by a brattice. 

bratticing (brat'is-ing), n. ornamental 
open-work cresting; rich open work 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BRAVADO 



121 



BREAM 



in metal; a brattice; a boarded pro- 
tection against machinery. 

bravado (bra-va'do), n. [pi. brava- 
dos & -does ('doz)j, arrogant men- 
ace; defiance. 

brave (brav), adj. bold; courageous. 

bravery (bra/ver-i), n. the quality 
of being brave; fearlessness; mag- 
nificence. 

bravo (bra/vo), inter j. well done! 
good! n. a cheer. 

bravo (bra/vo), n. [pi. bravos or -voes 
('voz)], a daring villain; a bandit; 
an assassin. 

bravura (bra-voo'rii), n. an air of 
florid, brilliant style, adapted to dis- 
play the skill of the performer, or 
the range and flexibility of a sing- 
er's voice: adj. brilliant ; florid; per- 
taining to a bravura. 

brawl (brawl), v.i. to quarrel noisily 
and outrageously; make a noise 
as of water rushing over a rocky or 
pebbly bed: ft. a noisy quarrel; an 
uproar; a row. 

brawn (brawn), n. boar's flesh, espe- 
cially when prepared by collaring, 
boiling, and pickhng; muscular 
strength. 

brawniness (-nes), n. hardness; 
strength. 

braxy (brak'si), ft. a name given to 
a variety of diseases of sheep; a 
diseased sheep, or its mutton: adj. 
affected with braxy. 

bray (bra), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. brayed, 
p.pr. braying], to pound or beat fine 
or small: v.i. to utter a loud, harsh 
cry, as the ass: n. the harsh cry of 
an ass. 

braze (braz), v.t. to solder with brass; 
cover or ornament with brass. 

brazen (bra/zn), adj. made of brass; 
pertaining to brass; impenetrable; 
impudent; shameless: v.t. to carry 
off or behave with insolence or ef- 
frontery. 

Brazen Age (aj), ft. the age that 
succeeded to the Silver Age, charac- 
terized by violence. 

brazier (bra/zher), ft. an open pan 
for burning charcoal. 



brazil-nut (bra-zil'nut), ft. the seed 
of a palm of tropical America. 

Brazil-wood (bra-zil'wood), ft. a very 
heavy wood of a red color from 
Brazil, used for dyeing red. 

braziletto (braz-i-let'o), ft. an in- 
ferior sort of brazil-wood brought 
from Jamaica. 

Brazilian pebbles (peb'lz), n.pl. 
lenses made from rock crystal from 
Brazil. 

brazil in (braz'i-lin), ft. the coloring 
substance extracted from brazil- 
wood. 

breach (brech), n. the act of break- 
ing; the violation of a law, contract, 
or any other engagement ; a gap ; a 
difference; quarrel; injury; surf: 
v.t. to make an opening in. 

bread-fruit (-froot), ft. the fruit of 
a tree growing in the Pacific Islands, 
which, when roasted, is eaten as 
bread. 

bread-stuff (-stuf), ft. bread-corn; 
flour; meal from which bread is 
made. 

breadth (bredth), ft. the measure of 
any surface from side to side; free- 
dom from narrowness; broad effect. 

breakage (bra/kaj), ft. the act of 
breaking; allowance for accidental 
fracture. 

breakdown (brak'doun), ft. a col- 
lapse; failure; downfall, as of a 
carriage; a lively, noisy dance. 

breaker (bra/ker), ft. one who, or 
that which, breaks; a machine to 
crush rocks, &c; a wave broken 
against the shore, or a rock [usually 
in the pi.]; a small water cask; 
a trainer of horses, &c. 

breakfast (brek'fast), ft. the first 
meal in the day: v.t. to provide with 
or entertain at breakfast: v.i. to 
eat breakfast. 

breakneck (brak'nek), adj. excessive- 
ly speedy; endangering one's neck 
by haste. 

breakwater ('waw-ter), ft. any struc- 
ture to break the force of the waves. 

bream (brem), ft. a broad-shaped, 
fresh-water fish of the carp family; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BREAST 



122 



BRIBE 



v.t. to clear of shells, seaweed, &c, 
by fire. 

breast (brest), n. the fore part of the 
body between the neck and the ab- 
domen; one of the organs in wom- 
en, and some other mammalia, for 
the secretion of milk; the affec- 
tions; the conscience; the front of 
anything: v.t. to present the front 
to; meet or oppose manfully or 
openly; stem. 

breastfast ('fast), n. a large rope 
or chain to secure the midship part 
of a ship to a dock, wharf, or to 
another vessel. 

breastplate ('plat), n. a portion of 
armor covering the front of the 
body; a part of the vestment of the 
Jewish high priest. 

breastwork ('werk), n. a hastily 
constructed work thrown up breast- 
high for defense; the parapet of a 
building. 

breath (breth), n. the air inhaled 
and exhaled in respiration; life; the 
power or capacity to breathe freely; 
respite; a pause; a respiration; an 
instant; air in gentle motion; a 
mere word; a trifle; an odorous ex- 
halation; fragrance; an aspirate. 

breathe (breth), v.i. to inhale air 
and expel it from the lungs; live; 
take breath; rest from action; pass, 
as air; blow softly; insinuate: v.t. 
to inhale and exhale; inspire; whis- 
per; exercise; blow into. 

breathing (bre'iAing), n. respiration; 
air in gentle motion; a gentle in- 
fluence; a pause; ardent desire; 
an accent [']. 

breccia (brech'ia), n. angular rock 
fragments united by a matrix. 

bree (bre), n. broth; sauce; moisture. 

breech (brech), n. the buttocks; the 
hinder part of anything; the part 
of a cannon or other firearm behind 
the bore or chamber: v.t. to put into 
breeches; furnish with a breech; 
fasten by a breeching. 

breeches (brich'ez), n.pl. a garment 
worn by men, covering the legs from 



the knees to the hips; trowsers or 
pantaloons. 

breeching (brich'ing), n. the harness 
which passes round a horse's breech; 
a strong rope to check the recoil of 
a gun. 

breed (bred), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bred, 
p.pr. breeding], to procreate; hatch; 
produce; train; rear: v.i. to bear 
young; be fruitful; be produced: n. 
a race or progeny from the same 
parents or stock. 

breeze (brez), n. a gadfly or horsefly; 
a gentle gale; a fresh soft wind; 
an excited quarrel or wrangle; house 
sweepings; sifted ashes and cinders 
used in burning bricks. 

brethren (bretfi'ren), n. plural of 
brother. 

breve (brev), n. a note of time equal 
to two semibreves or four minims; 
a mark (~) used to indicate a short 
vowel. 

brevet (bre- vet'), n. a commission to 
an officer in the army conferring a 
higher rank, but without increase 
of pay; a patent; a warrant; a li- 
cense: adj. conferred by brevet: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. brevetted, p.pr. brevet- 
ting], to confer brevet rank upon. 

breviary (bre'vi-a-ri, or brev'i-a-ri), 
n. [pi. breviaries (-riz)], a book con- 
taining the daily offices and prayers. 

brevier (bre-ver), n. a size of type 
between bourgeois and minion. (See 
type.) 

brevity (brev'i-ti), n. [pi. brevities 
(-tiz)], shortness; conciseness. 

brew (broo), v.t. to make liquors 
from malt or other materials; plot. 

brevium (bre'vi-um), n. new radio- 
active element discovered in Ger- 
many, 1915. 

brewery (broo'er-i), n. a brew-house. 

briar-root (brl'er-root), n. the root 
of the white heath, used in the 
manufacture of tobacco-pipes. Also 
brier-root. 

bribe (brib), n. a gift or considera- 
tion in money given or promised 
with the object of corrupting or un- 
duly influencing the judgment or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BRIBERY 123 BRIGHTEN 

conduct of the recipient: v.t. to wood between two beams to keep 

gain over or influence by a bribe : them apart. 

v.i. to practice or attempt bribery, bridle (bri'dl), n. the headstall, bit, 

bribery (brib'er-i), n. [pi. briberies and reins by which a horse is con- 

(-iz)J, the act or practice of bribing. trolled; a restraint: v.t. to put a 

bric-a-brac (brik'a-brak), n. an- bridle on; control; guide: v.i. to 

tique articles of vertu; fancy ware. hold the head up, as an indication 

brick-kiln (-kil), n. a kiln or furnace of pride, scorn, or anger [with up]. 

in which bricks are baked or burnt, bridoon (bri-doon'), n. the light 

bricole (bri-kol'), n. harness worn snaffle and rein of a military 

by men for dragging guns or loads. bridle. 

bridal (brid'al), n. a marriage; nup- brief (bref), adj. short; concise; con- 

tials: adj. pertaining to a bride, or tracted; narrow: n. an epitome; an 

wedding. abridged statement of a case for 

bride (brid), n. a woman newly mar- the instruction of counsel; a writ; 

ried, or about to be married. a Papal letter: v.t. to shorten; make 

bridegroom ('groom), n. a man new- an abstract of. 

ly married, or about to be married, brier (bri'er), n. a thorny plant or 

brideman (brid'man), n. a man who shrub. 

attends a bridegroom and bride at brig (brig), n. a two-masted, square- 

a wedding. rigged vessel. 

bridesmaid (-z'mad), n. a young brigade (bri-gad'), n. a subdivision 

unmarried woman who attends on of an army, consisting of several 

a bride. regiments, squadrons, or battalions 

bridewell (brid'wel), n. a house of (cavalry, infantry, milita, or volun- 

correction for the confinement of teers), under the command of a 

disorderly persons. brigadier-general; an organized body 

bridge (brij), n. a structure of iron, acting under authority: v.t. to form 

stone, or wood, spanning a river, into a brigade or brigades. 

road, valley, &c; anything resem- brigadier (brig-a-deV), n. a general 

bling a bridge in form or use; an officer commanding a brigade, and 

apparatus for measuring the resist- ranking next below a major-general. 

ance of a conductor, called Wheat- Also brigadier-general. 

stone's bridge; a game of cards: v.t. brigand (brig'and), n. a robber; a 

to build a bridge; make a passage; member of a gang of freebooters 

find a way of overcoming. infesting mountainous districts; a 

bridge-board ('bord), n. a notched highwayman; a bandit. 

board into which the ends of the brigandage (brig'and-aj), n. the life 

steps of wooden stairs are fastened. an( j prac tices of a brigand; organ- 
bridge-deck ('dek), n< a partial ized robbery. 

deck extending from side to side of brigantine (brig'an-tin or -tin), n. 

a vessel amidships. a sma ll two-masted vessel, square 
bridge-head ('hed), n. a covering rigged like a brig, but with fore- 
work to protect the end of a bridge and-aft mainsail and raking masts. 

nearest the enemy; a tete-de-pont . bright (brit), adj. [comp. brighter, 
bridge-rail ('ral), n. sl railroad rail superl. brightest], luminous; bril- 

with an arched tread and lateral liant; shining; sparkling; illustri- 

foot-flanges. ous; glorious; witty; clever; lively; 

bridge-train ('tran), n. a pontoon auspicious; alert; glowing. 

train. brighten (brit'n), v.i. to grow bright; 

bridging (brij'ing), n. a piece of clear up: v.t. to make bright or 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BRIGHTS DISEASE 



124 



BROBDINGNAGIAN 



luminous; make gay or cheerful; 
make acute. 

Bright's disease (brit's-diz-ez'), n. 
a form of kidney disease character- 
ized by the presence of albumin in 
the urine. 

brill (bril), n. a flat fish resembling 
the turbot. Also prill. 

brilliancy (bril'yan-si), ft. splendor. 

brilliant (bril'yant), adj. sparkling; 
lustrous; glittering; distinguished: 
n. a diamond, cut to exhibit its re- 
fracting qualities to the best ad- 
vantage; the smallest size of type. 

' (See type.) 

brilliantine (bril'yan-tin), ft. a cos- 
metic preparation for imparting a 
gloss to the hair. 

brim (brim), n. the edge of any- 
thing: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. brimmed, p. 
pr. brimming], to fill to the brim: 
v.i. to be full to the brim. 

brimstone (brim'ston), n. sulphur: 
adj. made of brimstone; of the color 
of sulphur. 

brine (brin), ft. salt water; pickle; 
the ocean; tears: v.t. to steep in 
brine. 

brink (bringk), n. the edge; verge. 

briny (brl'ni), adj. very salt. 

briquette (bri-kef, French bre-ka'), 
ft. coal-dust molded into the shape of 
bricks. 

brisk (brisk), adj. lively; active; 
swift; vivacious; effervescing vigor- 
ously; sparkling; burning freely : v.i. 
to become brisk [generally with up]. 

brisket _ (bris'ket), n. that part of 
an animal's breast where the ribs 
join the breast-bone. 

bristle '(bris'l), ft. a short stiff, coarse 
hair, especially upon the back and 
sides of swine; any stiff, sharp hair: 
v.t. to erect like bristles; fix a 
bristle to. 

bristol board (bris'tol bord), n. a 
thick, smooth, white pasteboard. 

bristol paper (pa'per), n. a kind of 
stout drawing paper. 

bristol stone (ston), n. a transpar- 
ent rock-crystal. Called, when pol- 
ished, bristol diamond. 



brit (brit), n. the young of the her" 
ring and sprat; small animals upon 
which whales feed. 

britannia metal (bri-tan'i-a-met'al), 
n. a white metal alloy of tin, copper, 
antimony, and bismuth. 

brite (brit), v.i. to be over-ripe. 

British (brit'ish), adj. of, or pertaining 
to, Great Britain or its inhabitants; 
pertaining to the ancient Britons. 

Britisher (brit'ish-er), n. a British 
subject, especially one belonging to 
the British army or navy. 

Briton (brit'un), n. a native of Great 
Britain. 

brittle (brit'l), adj. apt to break; not 
tough. 

britzska (brits'ka), ft. an open car- 
riage used in Russia. 

broach (broch), n. an awl; spike; 
skewer; any boring bit or drill; a 
stonecutter's chisel; a spire rising 
directly from a tower without a 
parapet: v.t. to tap or pierce; be- 
gin a discussion about. 

broad (brawd), adj. [comp. broader, 
superl. broadest], wide; ample; vast; 
liberal ; comprehensive . 

broad-arrow (-ar'o), n. a British 
government mark to distinguish its 
property. 

broad-cloth ('klawth), n. a fine 
woolen cloth with a smooth finished 
surface. 

broad-seal ('sel), n. the great seal 
of England. 

broadside ('sid), n. the entire side 
of a ship above the water-line; a 
simultaneous volley from one side 
of a warship ; a sheet printed on one 
side, and containing information of 
a popular character, or an attack 
on some public person. 

broadsword ('sord), n. a cutting 
sword with a broad blade. 

broaden (brawd'n), v.i. to grow 
broad: v.t. to make broad or com- 
prehensive. 

Brobdingnagian (brob'ding-nag'i- 
an), ad;', resembling an inhabitant 
of the fabled country of Brobding- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BROCADE 



125 



BROOKLET 



nag in Swift's "Gulliver's Travels," 
hence, gigantic: n. a giant. 

brocade (bro-kad') n. a silk stuff 
variegated with gold and silver flow- 
ers, &c. 

brocatelle (brok'a-tel), n. a beauti- 
fully variegated marble obtained 
from Italy and Spain; a figured fab- 
ric of silky texture. 

broccoli (brok'o-li), n. a variety of 
cabbage. 

broch (brok), n. a prehistoric roof- 
less round tower, with massive walls 
of unhewn stone: found chiefly in 
Scotland. 

brochure (bro-shoor'), n. a pamphlet 
dealing with a subject of passing 
interest. 

brock (brok), n. a badger. 

brogue (brog), n. a coarse, rough 
shoe; a dialectic pronunciation. 

broil (broil), v.t. to cook upon a 
gridiron: v.i. to be subjected to 
great heat; to be heated with pas- 
sion: n. a noisy quarrel. 

brokage (bro'kaj), n. the premium 
or commission of a broker; broker- 
age. 

broker (bro'ker), n. one who acts as 
agent or middleman for another; a 
dealer in second-hand furniture. 

brokerage (bro'ker-aj), n. the busi- 
ness of a broker; his fee or commis- 
sion. 

broma (bro'ma), n. aliment; a light 
preparation of cocoa or chocolate. 

bromal (bro'ma.1), n. a colorless, oily 
fluid obtained by the action of 
bromine on alcohol. 

bromate (bro'mat), n. a salt of 
bromic acid. 

brome-grass (brom'gras), n. a name 
for the oat-like grasses of the genus 
Bromus. 

bromic acid (bro'mik as'id), n. a 
compound of bromine and oxygen. 

bromide (bro'mid Or 'mid), n. a com- 
pound of bromine. 

bromide of potassium (of po-tas'- 
i-um), n. a compound of bromine, 
used largely in medicine as a seda- 
tive. 



bromine (bro'min or 'min), n. a non- 
metallic element related to chlorine 
and iodine. 

bronchi, n. ; pi. of bronchus. . 

bronchia (brong'ki-a), n. pi. the 
bronchial tubes. 

bronchitic (brong-kit'ik), adj. of or 
pertaining to bronchitis. 

bronchitis (brong-kl'tis), n. an in- 
flammation, acute or chronic, of the 
mucous lining of the bronchial tubes. 

broncho (brong'ko), n. an unbroken 
Mexican or Calif ornian horse. 

broncho-busting (brong'ko-bus'ting) 
n. slang phrase for breaking bronchos 
to be ridden. 

bronchopneumonia (brong-ko-nu- 
mo'ni-a), n. inflammation of the 
lungs and bronchi. 

brontograph (bron'to-graf), n. an 
apparatus to record sound waves. 

bronze (bronz), n. an alloy of copper 
and tin, to which other metallic sub- 
stances are sometimes added ; a work 
of art cast or wrought in bronze; a 
pigment used to imitate bronze; im- 
pudence: adj. made of or resembling 
bronze: v.t. to make of the color of 
bronze; tan by exposure to the sun; 
apply bronze pigment or leaf to. 

Bronze Age (aj), n. the age succeed- 
ing the Stone Age, the ornaments 
and weapons of that period being 
made of bronze. 

bronze-steel (bronz'stel), n. an alloy 
of copper, tin and iron, sometimes 
used as gun-metal. 

bronzine (bronz'in), n. a metal re- 
sembling bronze. 

brooch (broch), n. an ornamental 
dress-clasp. 

brood (brood), n. offspring; a hatch. 

brood-food (brood'food), n. an ar- 
tificial food to feed bees while im- 
mature. 

broody (brood'i), adj. inclined to sit; 
adapted for breeding. 

brook (brook), n. a small stream. 

brook (brook), v.t. to bear; put up 
with. 

brooklet (brooklet), n. a small 
brook. 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BROOK-RUNNER 



126 



BUCCAL 



brook-runner (brook-run-er), n. pop- 
ular name for the bird known as the 
water-rail. 

broom (broom), n. a slirub, bearing 
large yellow flowers; a besom or 
brush . 

brose (broz), n. a kind of porridge, 
made 6y pouring boiling water, or 
milk, or meat liquor, on oatmeal. 

broth (broth), n. a kind of thin soup. 

brothel (broth'el), n. a house of ill- 
fame. 

brother-german (-jer'man), n. a 
brother on both the father's and the 
mother's side. 

brother-in-law (-in-law), n. the 
brother of one's husband or wife; 
sister's husband. 

Brother Jonathan (jon'a-then), n. 
a humorous personification of the 
United States. 

brother-uterine (-u'ter-in), n. one 
born of the same mother, but of a 
different father. 

brotherly (brui/i'er-li), adj. as be- 
comes a brother; affectionate. 

brougham (broo'am or broom), n. a 
close four-wheeled carriage for one 
or two horses. 

brought, p.t. & p.p. of bring. 

browbeat (brou'bet), v.t. [p.t. brow- 
beat, p.p. browbeaten, p.pr. brow- 
beating], to depress or bear down 
arrogantly; bully. 

brownie (brou'ni), n. a beneficent 
spirit supposed to haunt old farm- 
houses [Scotch]. 

browse (brouz), n. the tender shoots 
or twigs of shrubs and trees: v.t. 
to feed on; pasture on; graze: said 
of cattle, deer, &c. 

bruin (broo'in), n. the brown bear. 

bruise (brooz), n. an injury to the 
flesh of an animal or to a plant or 
other body, caused by a blow: v.t. 
to injure, crush, or indent by a blow 
or pressure without laceration; con- 
tuse; bray, as drugs, &c: v.i. to 
fight with the fists; box. 

bruit (broot), n. report; rumor; 
fame: v.t. to report; noise abroad. 



brumal (broo'mal), adj. pertaining 
to winter; foggy; misty. 

brummagem (brum'ma-jem), adj. 
sham; counterfeit; showy, but worth- 
less. 

brunette (broo-nef), n. a woman 
with a brown or dark complexion, 
usually with dark hair and eyes: 
adj. having such a color. 

brunt (brunt), n. a violent shock; a 
furious onslaught; a brief and sudden 
effort. 

brush-wheel ('hwel), n. a tooth- 
less wheel used to turn a similar 
wheel by means of bristles, leather, 
cloth, &c, attached to the circum- 
ference; a circular wheel for polish- 
ing, used on a lathe. 

brushwood (brush'wood), n. rough, 
close bushes; a thicket; a coppice; 
small wood, suitable for the fire. 

brusque (brusk), adj. abrupt in man- 
ner. 

Brussels-carpet (brus'elz-kar'pet), n. 
a strong kind of woollen carpet. 

Brussels-lace (-las), n. various kinds 
of expensive lace made originally 
at Brussels. 

Brussels-sprouts (-sproutz), n.pl. a 
variety of the common cabbage. 

brutal (broo'tal), adj. pertaining to 
or resembling a brute; savage; cruel. 

brutalize (broo'tal-iz), v.t.- to make 
brutal; sensualize. 

brute (broot), adj. without reason or 
intelligence; rough; brutal; unciv- 
ilized: n. a beast; an irrational, ir- 
responsible animal; a brutal person. 

bubble (bub'l), n. a small bladder of 
water or other fluid filled with air 
or gas; anythng unreal or unsub- 
stantial; a swindling specuation: 
v.i. to rise in bubbles; run with a 
gurgling sound: v.t. to cause to bub- 
ble; cheat. 

bubo (bu'bo), n. [pi. buboes ('boz) ], 
an inflammatory swelling in the 
groin or armpit. 

bubonocele (bu-bon'o-sel), n. rup- 
ture or hernia in the groin. 

buccal (buk'al), adj. pertaining to 
the cheek. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit;. note, north, not; boon* j 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BUCCANEER 



127 



BUFFER 



buccaneer (buk-a-ner'), n. a pirate; 
a sea-robber; one of the piratical ad- 
venturers who, during a part of the 
17th century, made depredations on 
the Spaniards in America: v.i. act 
the part of a buccaneer. 

buccinator (buk'si-na-ter), n. a mus- 
cle of the cheek called the trumpet- 
ers muscle from its use in blowing 
wind-instruments. 

buccinum (buk'sin-um), n. the genus 
of mollusks to which the whelk be- 
longs. 

bucentaur (bii-sen'tawr), n. a fabu- 
lous monster, half man and half 
bull ; the state barge of Venice used 
by the doge in the annual ceremony 
of espousing the Adriatic. 

buchu (bu'ku), n. the name of cer- 
tain species of Barosma, employed 
as a medicine. 

buck (buk), v.t. to break or pulver- 
ize, as ore. 

buck (buk), n. the male of the fallow- 
deer, goat, rabbit, hare, &c; a gay 
fellow; a fop; a male Indian or negro. 

buckboard (buk'bord), n. a vehicle 
formed by placing long boards or 
slats on front and rear axles and 
seating the driver in the front. 

buck-eye ('!), n. a name of the 
American horse-chestnut. 

Buckeye State (-stat), n. a popular 
appellation for Ohio. 

buck-hound ('hound), ». a stag- 
hound. 

buck- juniper ('jump'er), n. a vic- 
ious untrained horse that en- 
deavors to throw the rider by arch- 
ing its back and drawing its feet 
together. 

bucko (buk'o), ». a bully; a bluster- 
ing fellow. 

buck-shot ('shot), shot of a large 
size. 

buck- wheat ('hwet), n. a plant cul- 
tivated for its triangular seeds, 
which are ground into meal and 
used for food. 

bucket-shop (-shop), n. an office for 
gambling in stocks, grain, &c. in 
small amounts. 



buckle (buk'l), n. a metal clasp con- 
sisting of a frame with movable 
tongue or catch, used for securing 
straps, bands, &c.: v.t. to fasten 
with a buckle; twist; bend; confine; 
join; to prepare for action: v.i. to 
curl; apply one's self with vigor 
[withfo], 

buckle (buk'l), n. a bend, or kink, 
as in a blade; a curl of hair; the 
condition of being curled, as hair. 

buckler (buk'ler), n. a kind of an- 
cient shield. 

buckra (buk'ra), n. negro term for 
a white man. 

buckram (buk'ram), n. coarse linen 
cloth stiffened with dressing: adi. 
made of, or resembling, buckram; 
hence, stiff; precise. 

bucolic (bu-kol'ik), adj. pastoral: n. 
a pastoral poem; a rustic. 

Buddha or Boodha (bood'a), n. the 
founder of the Buddhistic sect, died 
about 500 B.C.* 

Buddhist (bood'ist), n. one who ac- 
cepts the doctrines of Buddhism: 
adj. pertaining to Buddha or Bud- 
dhism. 

budge (buj), v.i. to move from one's 
position : v.t. change the position of. 

budge (buj), n. lambskin dressed 
with the wool outwards. 

budget (buj'et), n. a bag with its 
contents: hence a stock or store; 
the annual financial statement of the 
Chancellor of the Exchequer. 

budlet (bud'let), n. a small bud. 

buff (buf), n. a thick leather pre- 
pared from the skin of the buffalo, 
ox, &c, dressed with oil; a light 
yellow; the bare skin: adj. made of 
buff-leather; buff-colored. 

buffalo (buf'a-lo), n. [pi. buffaloes 
(-loz)], a ruminant mammal of the 
ox family; a name given to various 
wild oxen, especially to the North 
American bison. 

buffalo-bird (-berd), n. bird which 
perches on the buffalo to catch 
parasites. 

buffer (buf'er), n. any contrivance 
which serves to deaden the concus- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BUFFET 



128 



BULL'S-EYE 



sion caused by the impact of two 
bodies; a good-tempered, somewhat 
foolish person. 

buffet (buf'et), n. a blow with the 
hand: v.t. to strike with the hand; 
box; beat; contend against: v.i. to 
exercise or contend with blows; 
struggle. 

buffet (buf'et & boo-fa/), n. a cup- 
board or sideboard; a counter for 
refreshments. 

buffo (boof'o), n. the comic actor in 
an opera: adj. comic; burlesque. 

buffoon (buf-oon'), n. one who 
amuses others by low jests, antics, 
odd gestures, &c. 

buffoonery (buf-oon'er-i), n. [pi. 
buffooneries (-iz)], the arts and 
practices of a buffoon; vulgar tricks 
and postures. 

buffy (buf'i), adj. buff-colored. 

bugaboo (bug'IL-bo5), n. a bugbear. 

bugbear (bug'bar), n. a frightful ob- 
ject; a vain terroR 

buggy (bug'i), n. a light four-wheeled 
carriage drawn /by one horse. 

bugle (bu'gl), n. a hunting horn; a 
military wind-instrument. 

buhl (bul), n. decorative inlaying for 
cabinet work, consisting of brass or 
other metal, tortoise-shell, &c, 
worked into scrolls or other pat- 
terns; the articles so ornamented. 

building (bild'ing), n. the act of con- 
structing, raising, or establishing; 
an edifice. 

buksh ish (buk'shesh) , n. See bakshish. 

bulb (bulb), n. an onion-shaped root; 
a land of leaf bud; any protuberance 
or expansion on a stem or tube : v.i. 
to project as a bulb [with out}. 

bulbous (bul'bus), adj. pertaining to 
or resembling a bulb. 

bulbule (bulb'ul), n. a little bulb; 
a bulblet. 

bulge (bulj), n. the bilge or widest 
part of a cask; a bending outwards; 
the bilge of a ship: v.i. to jut out; 
be protuberant. 

bulk (bulk), n. magnitude or size; 
complete dimensions; the main mass 
or body; the cargo of a ship when 



stowed; volume: v.i. to increase in 
size; swell out. 

bulk-head (-hed^, n. a partition in 
a vessel which separates one part of 
it from another. 

bulky (bul'ki), adj. of great size or 
bulk. 

bull (bool), n. a Papal letter, edict, 
or rescript, having a leaden seal 
(bulla) affixed to it. 

bull (bool), n. a ludicrous inconsis- 
tency in language. 

bull-baiting (bool'bat-ing), n. the 
sport of baiting or attacking bulls 
with dogs. 

bulldoze (bool'doz), v.t. to bully; to 
attempt to intimidate. 

bullet (bool'et), n. a small ball or 
projectile. 

bulletin (bool'e-tin), n. an official 
report regarding some matter or 
event of public interest; a periodi- 
cal publication: v.t. to publish or an- 
nounce by bulletin. 

bullfinch (bool'finch), n. a common 
British song bird. 

bullfrog (bool'frog), n. a large 
North American species of frog 
abounding in marshy places, re- 
markable for its loud, bellowing 
croak. 

bullhead (bool'hed), n. a broad headed 
scaleless fish of North America: 
catfish. 

bullion (bool'yun), n. uncoined gold 
or silver; foreign coin; a heavy 
twisted fringe covered with fine 
gold or silver wire. 

bullionist (bool'yun-ist), n. an ad- 
vocate for an exclusive metallic cur- 
rency, or a metallic currency com- 
bined with convertible paper. 

bullock (bool'ok), n. an ox or cas- 
trated bull; a full-grown steer. 

bull's-eye (boolz'i), n. a boss of 
glass; a sweetmeat; any circular 
opening for light or air; a small ob- 
scure cloud, with a ruddy center; a 
lantern with a convex lens; a plano- 
convex lens for concentrating the 
light, attached to a microscope; the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






. 



BULL-TERRIER 



129 



BUNTING 



inter of a target; a shot that hits 
the bull's-eye. 
bull-terrier (bool'ter'i-er, ft. a 
cross-breed between the bulldog and 

bully (bool'i), ft. [pi. bullies ('iz)J, 
one who domineers by insolence or 
threats: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bullied, p. 
pr. bullying], to overbear with 
bluster and menaces: v.i. to be in- 
solently noisy and quarrelsome. 

bully bool'i), adj. good; fine: interj. 

f an exclamation of satisfaction. 

bullyrag (bool'i-rag), v.t. to attempt 
to intimidate by bluster and threat. 

bulrush (bool'rush), ft. a rush-like 
aquatic plant. 

bulse (buls), n. a bag or purse used 
in the East Indies to carry or meas- 
ure valuables; a packet of diamonds 
or gold dust. 

bulwark (bool'werk), n. a rampart; 

|* a fortification; the boarding round 
the sides of a ship, above the level 



bunchy (bunch'i), adj. gathered into 
a bunch. 

bunco (bung'ko), n. a confidence 
game. 

buncombe or bunkum (bung'kum), 
n. idle or showy speech, especially 
if intended to secure votes or satisfy 
one's constituents. 

bund (bund), ft. an embankment to 
protect the land against inundation. 

bundesrath (boon'des-rat), ft. the 
federal council of the German Em- 
pire; bund. 

bundle (bun'dl), ft. a number of 
things bound together; a roll or 
package; two reams of printing or 
brown paper: v.t. to tie or bind in a 
bundle or roll; to dismiss uncere- 
moniously [with off or out]', v.i. to 
depart without ceremony [with off], 

bung (bung), n. a large cork for stop- 
ping the hole in a cask; a publican: 
v.t. to stop with a bung; close or 
shut up. 



of the deck; any means of protec- bungalow (bung'ga-lo), n. a single- 
storied house, lightly built, and gen- 
erally surrounded by a veranda. 
bungle (bung'gl), v.i. to botch; man- 
age awkwardly: v.t. to perform 
clumsily: n. a clumsy performance; 
a botch. 

bunion (bun'yun), ft. a swelling on 
the foot, usually over the joint of 
the great toe. 

bunk (bungk), n. a box or recess 
serving for a sleeping-berth in a ves- 
sel, sleeping-car, &c. : v.i. to sleep in 
a bunk. 

bunker (bung'ker), n. a large bin or 
receptacle; a sandhole on golf links. 

bunkie, a soldier who shares a shelter 
with another. 

bunt (bunt), ft. the middle part or 
belly of a square sail: v.i. to swell 
out: v.t. to haul up, as the middle 
part of a sail in furling. 

bunt (bunt), n. a species of fungus 
which produces the smut disease in 



S tion or defense. 

bumblebee (bum'bl-be), ft. a large 

bee. 
bumboat (bum'bot), ft. a boat used 
for the conveyance of provisions, 
fruit, &c, for sale to vessels lying 
off the shore. 
bummer (bum'er), ft. a loafing fel- 
low who sponges on others; a low 
politician. 
bumper (bump'er), ft. an overflowing 

cup. 
bumpkin (bump'kin), ft. an awk- 
'ward, clumsy, rustic; a country lout. 
bumptious (bump'shus), adj. self- 
assertive. 
bun (bun), ft. a small light cake. 
bunch (bunch), n. a cluster; a col- 
lection of things of the same kind 
growing or fastened together; a 
ft; a small mass of. ore: v.i. to 
rell out; cluster: v.t. to form into 
bunch; to present (a lady) with 
bouquet. 
ichiness 
ichy. 



wheat. 

(-nes), the state of being bunting (bunt'ing), n a bird allied 

to the finches and the sparrows; a 



ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



A 



BUNTLINE 



130 



BURNING-GLASS 



thin woolen stuff used for making 
flags; flags collectively. 

buntline (bunt'lln), n. one of the 
ropes attached to the foot-rope of a 
square sail to draw the sail up to 
the yard. 

buoy (boi), n. a floating body moored 
at a certain place to indicate the 
position of something beneath the 
water; a life-buoy: v.t. to keep 
afloat in a fluid [with up]; to mark 
with a buoy; support. 

buoyancy (boi'an-si), n. relative 
lightness; elasticity of spirits. 

buoyant (boi'ant), adj. having the 
quality of floating in a fluid; not 
easily depressed. 

bur (ber), n. the rough prickly seed- 
case of certain plants; a partially 
burnt brick; the guttural pronuncia- 
tion of the rough r; the rough 
ridges of metal left by the graver 
in cutting metal. 

burbot (ber'bot), n. the eel-pout. 

burden (ber'dn), n. that which is 
borne or carried; a load; something 
grievous, wearisome, or oppressive; 
a ship's capacity for carrying a 
cargo; a chorus or refrain; a topic 
on which one dwells: v.t. to load; 
lay a weight upon. 

burdock (ber'dok), n. a large way- 
side weed with rough broad leaves. 

bureau (bu-ro), n. [pi. bureaus 
or bureaux ('roz)j, a desk or writ- 
ing-table furnished with drawers; 
an office; a governmental depart- 
ment for the transaction of public 
business. 

bureaucracy (bu-ro'kra-si), n. the 
system of centralized government by 
means of bureaus or departments; 
the officials administering such bu- 
reaus, as a body. 

bureaucrat (bu'ro-krat), n. an ad- 
vocate or supporter of bureaucracy. 

burg (berg), n. a borough. 

burgess (ber'jes), n. a citizen or free- 
man of a borough. 

burgher (ber'ger), n. a citizen or 
freeman of a burg or borough. 

burglar (berg'lar), n. one who 



breaks into a house at night with 
intent to commit a felony. 

burglarious (berg-la/ri-us), adj. per- 
taining to, or constituting, burglary. 

burglary (berg'la-ri), n. the act or 
crime of breaking* into a house at 
night with intent to commit a fel- 
ony. 

burgomaster (ber'go-mas-ter), n. the 
chief magistrate of a municipal 
town in Holland, Flanders, and Ger- 
many. 

Burgundy (ber'gun-di), n. a wine, 
red and white, made in Burgundy in 
France. 

burgundy-pitch (-'pitch), n. spruce- 
fir resin. 

burial (ber'i-al), n. the act of bury- 
ing. 

burin (bu'rin), n. a cutting tool. 

burl (berl), n. a small knot or lump 
in thread or cloth; a knot in wood: 
v.t. to pick knots, &c, from, as in 
finishing cloth. 

burlap (ber'lap), n. a coarse fabric 
made of jute, hemp, &c, used for 
bagging or in upholstery [commonly 
in the pi.]. 

burlesque (ber-lesk), adj. tending to 
excite laughter by extravagant con- 
trast or caricature: n. a ludicrous, 
grotesque representation; a literary, 
composition or dramatic piece com- 
posed in burlesque style: v.t. to ridi- 
cule or make ridiculous by carica- 
tured representation; travesty; par- 
ody. 

burletta (ber-let'a), n. a comic 
opera; a musical farce. 

burly (ber'li), adj. bulky; large; cor- 
pulent. 

Burmese (ber'mez), adj. pertaining 
to Burma. 

burn (bern), n. a rivulet; a brook. 

burner (ber'ner), n. one who burns 
or sets fire to anything; the part of 
a lamp or gas fixture from which 
the flame issues. 

burning-glass (-glas), n. a double- 
convex lens used to focus the rays 
of the sun upon combustible sub- 
stances to ignite them. 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



BURNISH 



131 



BUTT 



burnish (ber'nish), v.t. polish by 
friction; make smooth and lustrous : 
n. polish; gloss; brightness. 

b irnt offering (of'er-ing), n. some- 
thing offered and burnt upon an 
altar as a sacrifice or an atonement 
for sin. 

burrow (bur'o), n. a' hole in the 
ground excavated by a rabbit or 
other animal, as a refuge and habita- 
tion: v.i. to excavate; work a way 
into or under something; lodge in 
a deep or concealed place; hide. 

burry (bur 'i ), adj. full of burs; rough. 

bursa (ber'sa), n. a sac or sac-like 
cavity. 

bursar (ber'ser), n. the treasurer of 
a college; a university student who 
receives an allowance for his sup- 
port. 

bursary (ber'ser-i), n. the treasury 
of a college or monastery; the al- 
lowance paid to a student in a Scot- 
tish university. 

burying (ber'i-ing), n. burial (John 
xii. 7). 

bus (bus), n. a shortened form of 
omnibus. 

Bushman (boosh'man), n. [pi. bush- 
men ('men)], one of a tribe of ab- 
originals near the Cape of Good 
Hope; a Bosjesman. 

bushranger (boosh'ranj-er), n. one 
who leads a predatory life in the 
bush country; originally a criminal 
who escaped and lived a lawless 
life in the bush. 

bushwhacker (boosh'hwak-er), n. 
a backwoodsman; an implement 
for cutting brushwood. 

bushel (boosh'el), n. a dry measure 
containing eight gallons or four 
pecks; a vessel of such a capacity; a 
large quantity. 

bushy (boosh'i), adj. thick and 
spreading like a bush; overgrown 
with shrubs. 

busily (biz'i-li), adv. in a busy man- 
ner. 

business (biz'nes), n. employment; 
trade; profession; something to be 
transacted or required to be done; 



right of action; affair; matter: adj. 
pertaining to business; practical. 

busk (busk), n. a strip of flexible ma- 
terial worn in the front of corsets. 

buskin (bus'kin), n. kind of half -boot 
or high shoe reaching to the middle 
of the calf; a high shoe (cothurnus) 
worn by ancient actors in tragedy to 
increase their height. 

buss (bus), n. a small two-masted 
vessel used in herring fishing. 

bust (bust), n. the chest or thorax; 
the head, shoulders, and breast of a 
person represented in sculpture. 

bustard (bus'terd), n. a bird of the 
genus Otis, of which there are many 
species, as the great bustard of 
Europe and Africa. 

bustle (bus'l), v.i. to be busy, with a 
certain amount of noise;" move 
quickly: n. tumult; noisy activity; 
a pad or cushion worn by women 
beneath the skirt. 

busy (biz'i), adj. earnestly or closely 
employed; bustling; diligent; of- 
ficious; meddlesome: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. busied, p.pr. busying], to keep 
constantly engaged; occupy one's 
self actively. 

busybody (biz'i-bod-i), n. [pi. busy- 
bodies (-iz)], a meddling, officious 
person. 

butcher (booch'er), n. one who 
slaughters animals for food; one 
who delights in slaughter: v.t. to 
slaughter for food; to murder in a 
barbarous manner. 

butcher-bird (berd), n. a name 
given to various shrikes, from their 
habit of suspending their slaughtered 
prey upon thorns. 

butchery (booch'er-i), n. the busi- 
ness of slaughtering cattle; bar- 
barous murder. 

butler (but'ler), n. a manservant in 
a household who has the care of the 
plate, wines, &c; the chief servant 
in a large household. 

butt (but), n. a push or thrust de- 
livered by the head of an animal; a 
thrust in fencing: v.t. to strike by 
thrusting the head against. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



\ 



BUTT 



132 



BYZANTINE 



butt (but), n. a large cask of 117 
gals, of Lisbon wine, or 108 gals. 
of beer. 

butte (but), n. an abrupt isolated hill 
or ridge. 

butter-bird (-berd), n. the rice-bunt- 
ing. 

buttercup (-kup), n. a plant bearing 
yellow cup-shaped flowers. 

butter-fingers (-fing'gerz), n.pl. one 
who lets a ball slip through his 
fingers. 

butterfly (but'er-fll), n. [pi. butter- 
flies (-fliz)], a general name for any 
species of diurnal lepidopterous in- 
sects; a gay, showily-dressed, tri- 
fling person. 

butterine (-in), n. an imitation but- 
ter. 

buttermilk (but'er-milk), n. whey 
separated from the cream in butter- 
making. 

butternut (but'er-nut), n. the fruit 
of a North American tree allied to 
the walnut. 

buttery (but'er-i), n. ; [pi. butteries 
(-iz)], an apartment in which pro- 
visions, wines, &c, are kept; a room 
in some colleges where liquors and 
provisions are kept for sale. 

butting (but'ing), n. an abuttal; a 
boundary. 

buttock (but'ok), n. the rump or pro- 
tuberant hinder part. of a man or 
animal [used usually in the pi.}; 

- the convex part of a ship under the 
stern. 

button-wood (-wood), n. the plane- 
tree. 



buttress (but'res), n. masonry or 
brickwork built on to an outside 
wall to afford support; a support: 
v.t. to support by a buttress; prop. 

buxom (buk'sum), adj. cheerful; jol- 
ly; robust; plump and comely. 

buyer's option (bl'erz op'shun), n. a 
purchaser's privilege of taking an 
agreed amount of stock within a cer- 
tain period. 

buzz (buz), n. a continuous humming 
noise, as of bees; a confused or 
blended murmur, as of many voices; 
a whispered report or rumor: v.i. to 
make a low humming sound ; speak 
with a low humming voice: v.t. 
spread secretly. 

buzzard (buz'erd), n. the name of 
several species of hawks; a stupid, 
dull fellow. 

buzzer (buz'er), n. an electric push- 
button for summoning or calling 
attention, or signaling to stop or 
start. 

bye (bi), n. a run scored at cricket 
when the ball passes the wicket- 
keeper and long-stop, and has not 
been struck by the batsman; a goal 
at football. 

by-law (-law), n. a private law or 
statute framed by a corporate body. 

by-word (bl'werd), n. a proverb; 
nickname; an object of derision. 

Byzantine (biz-an'tin), adj. of, or 
pertaining to, Byzantium (Constan- 
tinople), the ancient capital of the 
Eastern Roman Empire. Indicat- 
ing a species of architecture; also of 
the Fine and Industrial Arts. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



c 



C, usually the third letter of the al- 
phabet in the language of Europe. 
Also a symbol for the Centigrade 
thermometric scale; also for Carbon. 

cabal (ka-bal'), n. a secret combina- 
tion of a few persons for carrying 
out some specific design; an in- 
trigue : v.i. _ [p.t. & p.p. caballed, 
p.pr. caballing], to unite in secret 
with others to effect some design. 

cabala (kab'a-la), n. a secret science 
of the Jewish rabbins to interpret 
the hidden meaning of the Penta- 
teuch; esoteric doctrine. 

cabalist (kab'al-ist), n. one versed 
in the Jewish cabala; an occultist. 

cabal lero (ka-ba-la/ro), n. a Spanish 
knight or gentleman; a stately 
Spanish dance. 

cabaret (kab'a-ra), n. originally an 
ale house or tavern; now a place of 
refreshment where dancing and sing- 
ing are provided. 

cabbage (kab'aj), n. a well-known 
vegetable: v.t. to appropriate to 
one's own use. 
abbage-thrips (kab'aj-thrips), n. 
a species of insect that infests the 
cabbage. 
eza (ka-ba'tha), n. the name 
ven a chief in the Philippine Is- 
nds. 

in (kab'in), n. a small hut, cot- 
tage, or room; a room in a ship for 
officers or passengers: v.t. to confine 
in a cabin : v.i. to live in a cabin. 
binet (kab'in-et), n. a small apart- 
ment; a private room; a piece of 
furniture to hold objects of vertu, 
&c; a cabinet photograph; a delib- 
erative committee of the principal 
members of the Ministry. 



cabinet picture (pik'tur), n. a val- 
uable picture of small dimensions. 

cable (ka'bl), n. a large strong rope 
or chain; a submarine telegraph line; 
a molding resembling a cable; a 
measure of distance = 100 to 140 
fathoms: v.t. to fasten with a cable; 
transmit by telegraph cable. 

cablegram (ka'bl-gram), n. a mes- 
sage sent by a submarine cable. 

cabochon (kab'oo-shon), n. a pre- 
cious stone polished but not faceted. 

caboose (ka-boos'), n. a ship's galley 
or kitchen; the trainmen's car at- 
tached to a freight train. 

cabriolet (kab-ri-o-la')> n- a covered 
carriage with two or four wheels 
drawn by one horse. 

cacaine (ka-ka/in), n. the essential 
principle of cacao. 

cacanthrax (ka-kan'thraks), n. a 
malignant disease that infects cattle 
and may be acquired by men. 

cacao (ka-ka'o), n. a small evergreen 
tree of tropical America and West 
Indies, from the seeds of which 
cocoa and chocolate are prepared. 

cache (kash), n. a place of conceal- 
ment for food for future use: v.t. to 
hide (provisions) in the ground. 

cachelot (kash'a-lot & -lo'), n. the 
sperm whale, which yields sperma- 
ceti. 

cachet (ka-sha/) 

cachexy (ka-kex 

depraved habit of thought. 

cachinnation (kak-i-na'shun), n. loud 
or unrestrained laughter. 

cacholong (kash'o-long), n. a milk 
or greyish-white variety of opal; 
pearl opal. 



n. a seal. 

), n. a perverted or 



;, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *Aen. 

133 



CACHOU 



134 



CALASH 



ccahou (ka-shoo'), n. a pill for sweet- 
ening the breath. 

cacique (ka-sek), n. the name or 
title of the aboriginal chiefs of the 
West Indies and some parts of 
South America. 

cackle (kak'l), v.i. to cry like a hen 
or goose: specifically used of the cry 
made by a hen which has laid an 
egg; giggle; prattle, n. the cry of 
a hen or g.ose; silly talk. 

cacography (ka-kog'ra-fi), n. er- 
roneous spelling; cramped, indis- 
tinct writing. 

cacomagician (kak'o-ma-jish'an), n. 
a person supposed to be skilled in 
the black arts. 

cacophonous (ka-kof o-nus), adj. dis- 
cordant. 

cacotrophia (kak-o-trof'i-a), n. suf- 
fering from defective nutrition. 

cacotype (kak'o-tip), n. a bad type 
or defective production, literally or 
figuratively. 

cactus (kak'tus), n. [pi. cacti ('ti) & 
cactuses (-es) ], a spiny fleshy plant 
with showy flowers. 

cad (kad), n. a vulgar, ill-bred fellow; 
an omnibus conductor. 

cadaver (ka-da'ver), n. a dead body; 
a corpse. 

cadaverous (ka-dav'er-us), adj. re- 
sembling a corpse; pale; ghastly. 

caddie (kad'i), n. a lad who carries 
golf clubs. 

caddy (kad'i), n. [pi. caddies {'iz) ], 
a small box for keeping tea. 

cade (kad), n. a barrel or cask of 500 
herrings, or 1,000 sprats. 

cadence (ka/dens), n. the full modu- 
lation of the voice in reading or 
speaking; rhythm; a musical run or 
trill 

cadenza (ka-den'za), n. a vocal or 
instrumental flourish. 

cadet (ka-def), n. a younger son; 
student in a naval or military acad- 
emy. 

cadi (ka'di), n. a Mohammedan judge. 

Cadmean (kad-me'an), adj. of or be- 
longing to Cadmus; Theban. 

caducean (ka-du'se-an), adj. pertain- 



ing to the caduceus, the winged staff 
of Mercury, entwined with serpents. 

caecum (se'kum), n. [pi. caeca ('ka) ], 
the blind gut; a pouch-like appen- 
dage of the large intestine, having 
one end closed. 

Caesarian (se-za/re-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Caesar. 

Caesarian operation (op-er-a'shun), 
n. a delivery of a fcetus by cutting 
through the walls of the abdomen. 

Caesar ism (se'zar-izm), n. imperial- 
ism; absolute rule or government. 

cafe (kaf-a/), n. a restaurant. 

cafeteria (caf-et-e're-a), n. a cafe' for 
self-help or quick service. 

caffeine (kaf'e-in), n. a bitter alka- 
loid extracted from coffee; theine. 

cairn (karn), n. a conical heap of 
stones erected as a monument. 

caisson (ka'sun), n. an ammunition- 
wagon or chest; a box filled with 
explosives for firing a mine; a water- 
tight box or casing used for building 
structures in water; a sunken panel 
in a ceiling; a structure for raising 
and floating sunken vessels. 

caitiff (ka'tif), n. a despicable or 
cowardly wretch: adj. despicable; 
vile; cowardly. 

cajole (ka-jol'), v.t. to coax or de- 
ceive by flattery; wheedle; cheat. 

cake-walk (kak'wawk), n. a grotesque 
or fantastic march or parade, usual- 
ly by negroes, in competition. 

calabash (kal'a-bash), n. the fruit 
of the calabash tree of tropical 
America, used when dried as a 
vessel for liquids, &c. 

calaboose (kal-a-boos'), n. a jail; a 
lockup. 

calamitous (ka-lam'i-tus), adj. pro- 
ducing, or resulting from, calamity. 

calamity (ka-lam'i-ti), n. [pi. calam- 
ities (-tiz) ], any cause that produces 
evil, disaster, or extreme misfortune; 
distress; affliction. 

calamus (kal'a-mus), n. [pi. calami 
(-mi) ], a genus of palms producing 
the rattan canes; the sweet flag 

calash (ka-lash'), n. a light carriage 
with low wheels and a folding re- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, £Aen. 






CALCAREOUS 



135 



CALIPH 



movable top; a hood formerly worn 
by women. 

calcareous (kal-kar'e-us), adj. of the 
nature of, or containing, lime. 

calcify (karsi-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
calcified: p.pr. calcifying], to con- 
vert into lime: v.i. to become strong 
by conversion into lime. 

calcimine (kal'si-min), n. white or 
tinted wash for walls or ceilings. 

calcination (kal-si-na/shun), n. the 
act or process of reducing to powder 
by heat. 

calcium carbide (kar'bld), n. a 
compound of quicklime and carbon, 
from which acetylene is generated 
by subjecting it to the action of 
water. 

calcography (kal-kog'ra-fi), n. the 
art of drawing with colored chalks 
or pastels. 

calculary (^al'ku-ler-i), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, calculi. 

calculate (kal'kii-lat), v.t. to com- 
pute; ascertain or determine by any 
process of reasoning; estimate: v.i. 
to make a computation; suppose or 
think. 

calculation (kal-ku-la/shun), n. the art 
of reckoning by numbers; computa- 
tion; something deduced by reason- 
ing or inference; estimate; opinion. 

calculative (kal'ku-la-tiv), adj. tend- 
ing to calculate. 

calculator (kal'ku-la-ter), n. one 
who, or a machine that, computes or 
reckons. 

calculous (kal'kii-lus), adj. stony; 
gritty. 

calculus (kal'ku-lus), n. [pi. calculi 
(-li) ], a stony concretion in the 
body; one of the higher branches of 
mathematics; the differential calcu- 
lus. 

caldera (kal-da/ra), n. a deep cal- 
dron-like cavity on the summits of 
extinct volcanoes. 

caldron. See cauldron. 

calendar (kal'en-der), n. a register 
of the days, weeks and months of 

. the year, &c; a register or list; a 
list of criminal causes arranged for 



trial: v.t. to register or place on a 
list. 

calendar month (munth), n. a solar 
month reckoned according to the 
calendar, as distinguished from the 
lunar month. 

calender (kal'en-der), n. a machine 
consisting of heated rollers, used for 
smoothing and glazing paper or 
cloth: v.t. to press in a calender. 

calender-roller (kal'en-der-ro'ler), n. 
a roller used in the manufacture of 
cloth to smooth and condense the 
material. 

calends (kal'endz), n.pl. in the Ro- 
man calendar, the first day of each 
month. Also kalends. 

calenture (kal'en-tur), a violent fever 
affecting sailors in hot latitudes. 

calescent (ka-les'ent), adj. increasing 
in temperature. 

calesin (ka-la-sen), n. a two-wheeled 
vehicle used in the Philippine Islands. 

calf (kaf), n. [pi. calves (kavz) ], a 
younjr bovine quadruped .^ 

caliber (kal'i-ber), n. the diameter of 
a cylindrical body; mental capacity. 

calibrate (kal'i-brat), v.t. to deter- 
mine the caliber of; graduate. 

calibrater (kal'i-bra-ter), n. an in- 
strument to determine the size or 
caliber of a tub; used in machinery 
and in medicine. 

calicle (kal'i-kl), n. a small cup- 
shaped cell. 

calico (kari-ko), n. [pi. calicoes & 
os (-koz) ], white cotton cloth, or 
with printed design on one side. 

calipash (kal'i-pash), n. the part of 
a turtle belonging to the upper shell, 
inclosing a dull greenish gelatinous 
substance. 

calipee (kal'i-pe), n. the part of a 
turtle belonging to the lower shell, 
inclosing a light yellow gelatinous 
substance. 

calipers (kal'i-perz), n.pl. compasses 
for measuring the diameters of cylin- 
drical bodies. 

caliph (kal' or ka'lif), n. a title of 
the successors of Mohammed. Also 
calif. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CALIPHATE 



136 



CAM-GEAR 



caliphate (kal'i-fat), n. the office, 
dignity or government of a caliph. 

calisthenics (kal-is-then'iks), n.pl. 
the art of promoting health by phys- 
ical exercise; simple gymnastics. 

calk or caulk (kawk), v.t. to drive 
oakum into the seams of (a ship). 

calligraph (kal'i-graf), n. a specimen 
of elegant penmanship. 

calligraphy (kal-lig'ra-fi), n. ele- 
gant or beautiful writing. 

calling (kawl'ing), n. the act of 
summoning; a summons or invita- 
tion; a vocation, trade or profes- 
sion; the state of being divinely 
called (II Pet. i. 10). 

calliope (kal-li'o-pe), n. the first of 
the Muses; an organ with steam- 
whistles for pipes or reeds. 

call ity ping (kal'i-ti-ping), n. the 
process of producing plates for 
printing purposes by means of type- 
writing and photo-engraving. 

callosity (kal-os'i-ti), n. [pi. callosi- 
ties (-tiz) J, the state or quality of 
being hardened; a callus. 

callous (kal'us), adj. hardened; in- 
sensible. 

callow (kal'6), adj. unfledged. 

callus (kal'us), n. [pi. calli (-1) ], the 
hardening of the skin from pres- 
sure; bony matter which unites the 
ends of fractured bones. 

calm (kam), adj. tranquil; still; un 
disturbed: n. stillness; serenity. 

calomel (kal'6-mel), n. mercurous 
chloride: used as a purgative medi- 
cine. 

caloric (ka-ior'ik), adj. pertaining to 
heat. 

caloricity (kal-o-ris'i-ti), n. the power 
in animals of developing and main- 
taining heat. 

calorie (kal'o-re), n. the unit of heat 
(metric system) to express the 
amount of heat required to raise one 
kilogramme of water from 0° to 1° 
centigrade. Also calory. 

calorific (kal-o-rif'ik), adj. heating. 

calorification (ka-lor-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the production of heat. 

calorific rays (raz), n.pl. the invisi- 



ble heating rays emanating from 
the sun and heated bodies. 

calorizator (kal'o-ri-za'tor), n. a 
heating cylinder used in the manu- 
facture of sugar from beets. 

calotte (ka-lot'), n. a plain skull-cap 
of satin, &c; a cap or hood on the 
heads of certain birds. 

calotype (kal'o-tlp), n. a photo- 
graphic process in which the image 
is received on paper prepared with 
iodide of silver. Also called Talbo- 
type, from the name of the inventor. 

calumet (kal'u-met), n. the tobacco- 
pipe of the North American Indians, 
smoked as a symbol of peace, or to 
ratify treaties. 

calumniate (ka-lum'ni-at), v.t. to 
accuse falsely and maliciously: v.i. 
to utter calumnies. 

calumniation (ka-lum-ni-a'shun), n. 
the act of calumniating. 

calumnious (ka-lum'ni-us), adj. 
slanderous; defamatory. 

calumny (kal'um-ni), n. [pi. calum- 
nies (-niz) ], a false accusation; a 
slander. 

Calvary (kal'va-ri), n. the place 
where Christ was crucified; in Ro- 
man Catholic countries a represen- 
tation of the crucifixion erected in 
the open air. 

calve (kav), v.i. to bring forth a 
calf; become detached from: said 
of glaciers when icebergs break off 
from them. 

Calvinism (kal'vin-izm), n. the doc- 
trines of John Calvin [1509-64], the 
French theologian and reformer, es- 
pecially those relating to predestina- 
tion and election. 

Calvinist (kal'vin-ist), n. one who 
holds the doctrines of Calvin. 

calyx (ka/liks), n. [pi. calyxes (ka/- 
lik-sez), calices (kal'i-sez) ], the 
whorl of a flower. 

cam (kam), n. a projecting part of a 
wheel or other moving piece of ma- 
chinery for imparting an eccentric 
or alternating motion. 

cam-gear (kam'ger), n. a gear not 
centered on the shaft, useful m 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CAMBER 



137 



CANARY 



many forms of machinery where 
discontinuous action is required. 

camber (kam'ber), n. a convexity on 
an upper surface ; a piece of timber 
thus bent; a small dock for unload- 
ing timber: v.t. to curve or bend; 
arch. 

camber- window (-win'do), n. a 
window arched at the top. 

cambist (kam'bist), n. one who deals 
in notes or bills of exchange; a 
money-changer. 

cambric (kam'brik), n. a very fine 
thin linen: adj. pertaining to, or 
made of, cambric. 

camel (kam'el), n. a large ruminant 
quadruped, of which there are two 
species, the Arabian camel or drome- 
dary, with a single hump, and the 
Bactrian camel, with two humps; a 
water-tight structure placed beneath 
a vessel to raise and float it over a 
shoal or bar. 

Camellia (ka-mel'i-a), n. a genus of 
Asiatic evergreen shrubs, cultivated 
for their beautiful rose-like flowers 
and shining foliage. 

camelopard (ka-mel'o-pard & kam'- 
el-o-pard), n. the giraffe. 

cameo (kam'e-o), n. a precious stone 
or shell on which figures are engraved 
in relief. 

camera (kam'er-a), n. [pi. cameras 
(-az) ], a camera obscura, especially 
that employed in photography. 

camera lucida (loo'si-da), n. an 
optical instrument for reflecting dis- 
tant objects on paper by means of a 
solid glass prism. 

camera obscura (ob-sku'ra), n. a 
darkened chamber or box in which, 
by means of lenses, external objects 
are exhibited on paper, glass, &c. 

earner aph one (kam'e-ra-phon), n. 
sl combined phonograph and kineto- 
graph. 

camofare (Italian), to muffle and con- 
ceal the face. 

camomile (kam'o-mll), n. a plant of 
the genus Anthemis. 

Camorra (ca-mor'ra), n. an Italian 
secret society, ostensibly political, 



but largely employed for extortion 
and violence. 

camote (ka-mo-'te), n the South 

, American name for the sweet potato. 

camouflage (kam-oo-flaj), n. a cover- 
ing of any kind to hide or deceive. 

camp-meeting (-met'ing), n. an out- 
door religious gathering. 

camp-stool (-stool), n. a folding 
stool or seat. 

campaign (kam-pan'), n. an open 
tract of land; the period during 
which an army carries on active 
operations in the field: v.i. to serve 
in a campaign. 

campanile (kam-pa-ne'le), n. [pi. 
campaniles (-'lez) ], a bell-tower 
detached from the body of a 
church. 

campanulate (kam-pan'yu-lat), adj. 
bell-shaped. 

campeachy wood (kam-pech'i 
wood), n. another name for logwood. 

camphor (kam'f er), n. a volatile aro- 
matic whitish substance, obtained 
from various trees and plants of 
Eastern Asia. 

camphor-tree (-tre), n. a species of 
laurel yielding the camphor of com- 
merce. 

camwood (kam'wood), n. a red dye- 
wood. 

Canadian balsam (bawl-sum), n. a 
resin obtained from a species of fir. 

canaille (ka-naF), n. the lowest orders 
of the populace. 

canal (ka-nal'), n. an artificial navi- 
gable waterway; a duct or tube for 
the passage of fluids; a channel or 
groove. 

canal-ray (kan-al' ra), n. a flight of 
corpuscles going in the opposite 
direction to the cathode rays in a 
vacuum bulb through which elec- 
tricity passes. 

canard (ka-nard', French ka-nar'), n. 
an absurd story or report; a hoax 

canary (ka-na'ri), n. a light wine; . 
pale or bright yellow color; a small 
singing bird with yellow plumage, a 
native of the Canary Islands: adj. 
bright yellow. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, Z/ien. 



CANCEL 



138 



CANNONADE 



cancel (kan'sel), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. can- 
celed, p.pr. canceling], to deface 
writing by drawing lines across it; 
annul; strike out- common factors: 
n. the part of a book deleted and 
reprinted before publication. 

cancer (kan'ser), n. a genus of crus- 
taceans, including the crabs; one 
of the twelve zodiacal signs, the 
sign of the summer solstice; a ma- 
lignant tumor or growth. 

cancerous (kan'ser-us), adj. like a 
cancer; affected with cancer. 

cancrine (kang'krin), adj. having 
the form or qualities of a crab. 

cancroid (kang'kroid), adj. resem- 
bling a cancer. 

candelabrum (kan-de-la'brum), n. 
[pi. candelabra ('bra) ], a lamp- 
stand; an ornamented branched 
candlestick. 

candent (kan'dent), adj. glowing 
with a white heat. 

candescence (kan-des'ens), n. a state 
of glowing. 

candid (kan'did), adj. honest; out- 
spoken; sincere; free from undue 
bias; open; fair. 

candidate (kan'di-dat), n. one who 
offers himself, or is proposed by 
others, to fill some office: v.i. to 
become a candidate. 

candidature (kan'di-dat-tur), n. the 
state of being a candidate. 

candied (kan'did), p.adj. preserved 
or incrusted with sugar. 

candle (kan'dl), n. a cylindrical body 
of tallow, • wax, or other fatty ma- 
terial, inclosing a wick of cotton, 
and used to furnish light. 

candle-power (-pou'er), n. the il- 
luminating power of a candle taken • 
as a unit in determining the lumi- 
nosity of any flame. 

Candlemas (kan'dl-mas), n. the 
feast of the Purification of the 
Virgin Mary (Feb. 2nd). 

candor (kan'der), n. openness; frank- 
ness. 

cane-brake ('brak), n. a thicket of 
canes. 



canella (ka-nel'la), an aromatic and 
tonic bark of a West Indian tree. 

canine (ka-nin'), adj. pertaining to 
dogs; having the nature or qualities 
of a dog. 

canine teeth (teth), n.pl. two sharp- 
pointed teeth on each side of the 
upper and lower jaws of most mam- 
mals. Also canines. 

canister (kan'is-ter), n. a metal box 
or case for tea, coffee, &c; a case 
containing shot which explodes when 
fired from a gun. 

canker (kang'ker), n. a cancerous or 
ulcerous disease; an eating or cor- 
roding agency which causes decay or 
rot; anything that insidiously cor- 
rodes, corrupts, or destroys: v.t. to 
corrode or corrupt; infect with poi- 
sonous influence: v.i. to grow cor- 
rupt; be infected with, or become 
malignant. 

canker-worm (werm), n. a cater- 
pillar destructive to trees or plants; 
something, as sorrow, evil, &c, that 
insidiously destroys one's happiness. 

cankerous (kang'ker-us), adj. cor- 
roding. 

cannel-coal (kan'el-kol), n. a hard 
bituminous coal burning with a 
clear bright flame; candle-coal. 

cannery (kan'e-ri), n. [pi. canneries 
(-riz)], an establishment for pre- 
serving meat, fish, &c, in cans her- 
metically sealed. 

cannibal (kan'i-bal), n. a human be- 
ing who eats human flesh; any ani- 
mal that eats the flesh of its own 
kind; adj. pertaining to, or charac- 
teristic of, cannibalism. 

cannibalism (kan'i-bal-izm), n. the 
act or practice of eating human 
flesh by human beings, or of animals 
by those of like kind. 

cannon (kan'un), n. [pi. cannons 
('unz), or cannon (collectively)], a 
large gun; a piece of ordnance. 

cannonade (kan-un-ad'), n. the act 
of discharging cannon against a 
town, fort, &c; v.t. to attack with 
cannon or ordnance: v.i. to dis- 
charge cannon. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CANNONEER 



139 



CANTILEVER 



cannoneer (kan-un-er'), n. an artil- 

[ leryman. 

cannula (kan'u-la), n. a small tube 
for injecting or withdrawing fluids. 

cannular (kan'u-lar), adj. tubular. 

canny or cannie (kan'i), adj. shrewd; 
knowing; cautious; wary; artful; 
reasonable; quiet; easy; safe: adv. 
in a canny manner. 

canoe (ka-noo'), n. [pi. canoes 
(-nooz')], a light boat of bark, 
hide, or the hollow trunk of a tree; 
any light boat propelled by paddles : 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. canoed, p.pr. canoe- 
ing], to sail or paddle a canoe. 

canon (kan'un), n. a law or rule in 
general; a law or rule regarding 
doctrine or discipline enacted by a 
council and confirmed; the books of 
the Holy Scriptures received as au- 
thoritative by the Christian Church 
(called the Sacred Canon) ; a cata- 
logue of saints; one of the largest 
kinds of type; the part by which a 
bell is hung; a cathedral dignitary; 

: a bone in a horse's foreleg. 

canon law (law), n. rules or laws 
relating to faith, morals, and disci- 
pline that regulate Church govern- 
ment, as laid down by popes and 
councils. 

canon (ka-nyon'), or canyon (kan'- 
yun), n. a narrow deep gorge having 
more or less perpendicular sides. 

canonic (ka-non'ik), or canonical 
(-al), adj. pertaining to a rule or 
canon; according to, or established 
by, ecclesiastical laws; belonging to 
the canon of Scripture. 

canonicals (ka-non'ik-alz), n.pl. the 

^ dress prescribed by the canons to be 
worn by a clergyman when officiat- 
ing. 

canonize (kan'on-iz), v.t. to enrol in 
the catalogue or canon of the saints. 

canonry (kan'on-ri), n. [pi. canon- 
ries (-riz)], the benefice filled by a 
canon. 

canopy (kan'o-pi), n. [pi. canopies 
(-piz) ], a covering fixed above a 
bed, or suspended over a throne or 
dais; any similar covering; a decora- 



tive cover above an altar, pulpit, 
niche, &c: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. canopied, 
p.pr. canopying], to cover with a 
canopy. 

cant (kant), v.i. to speak in a whin- 
ing voice, or with an affected or 
hypocritical tone; make whining 
pretensions to goodness. 

cantaliver (kan'ta-liv-er). Same as 
cantilever. 

cantaloup (kan'ta-loop), n. a va- 
riety of small musk-melon of delicate 
flavor. 

cantankerous (kan-tang'ker-us), 
adj. ill-tempered; cross-grained; con- 
tentious. 

cantata (kan-ta/ta), n. a short choral 
composition in the manner of an 
oratorio; a poem or story set to 
music. 

cantatrice (kan'ta-tres, Italian kan- 
ta-tre'cha), n. a female singer, es- 
pecially one who sings in operas. 

canteen (kan-ten'), n. a kind of shop 
in barracks or camp where liquors 
and provisions are sold; a vessel 
used by soldiers for carrying water 
or liquor when on the march; a box 
containing mess utensils, &c, for 
officers when on foreign service. 

canter (kan'ter), n. an easy gallop; 
a Canterbury gallop: v.i. to move in 
an easy gallop: v.t. to cause to can- 
ter. 

canterbury (kan'ter-ber-i), n. a stand 
with divisions for holding music, &c. 

cantharides (kan-thar'i-dez), n.pl. a 
preparation of Spanish flies used for 
blistering. 

canthus (kan'thus), n. [pi. canthi 
('thi) ], the angle made by the meet- 
ing of the eyelids. 

canticle (kan'ti-kal), n. a song; one 
of the non-metrical hymns of the 
Bible arranged for chanting in 
church service: pi. the Song of 
Songs, or Song of Solomon. 

cantilever (kan'ti-lev-er), n. a 
bracket or block projecting from the 
wall of a house, to support a bal- 
cony, cornice, &c; one of two arms 
projecting from opposite banks serv- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



? 



CANTILLATION 



140 



CAPILLARY 



ing to form a bridge: adj. construct- 
ed on the principle of a cantilever. 

cantillation (kan-ti-la-shun), n. in- 
toning, especially in Jewish syna- 
gogue worship. 

canting (kan'ting), p.adj. affectedly 
pious; whining. 

canto (kan'to), n. [pi. cantos ('toz) ], 
a part of a poem of some length ; the 
highest vocal part in concerted 
music; soprano. 

canto-fermo (-f er'mo), n. plain song. 

canton (kan'ton), n. a district or 
division of a territory; one of the 
Swiss federal states; in France, a 
subdivision of an arrondissement ; a 
division of a painting or flag: v.t. to 
divide into districts or parts; to al- 
lot separate quarters to troops. 

cantonment (kan-ton'ment), n. a, 
part of a town or village allotted to 
a body of troops; in India, a perma- 
nent military station. 

cantor (kan'ter), n. a choir-master or 
leader of singing; a precentor; an 
official in a Hebrew synagogue who 
intones the psalms. 

Canuck (ka-nuk'), n. a Canadian. 
Also Kanuck. 

canvas (kan'vas), n. a coarse heavy 
cloth of hemp or flax, used for tents, 
sails, &c, and also for painting on; 
sails in general; a painting: adj. 
made of canvas. 

canvas-back (-bak), n. a North 
American duck, esteemed for the 
delicacy of its flesh. 

canvass (kan'vas), v.t. to examine; 
sift; discuss; solicit votes or opin- 
ions: v.i. to traverse a district for 
the purpose of soliciting votes, in- 
terest, orders, &c. : n. a close inspec- 
tion or scrutiny; discussion; a so- 
licitation of votes, interest, orders, 
&c. 

cany (ka/ni), adj. consisting of cane; 
full of canes. . 

canyon (kan'yun). Same as canon. 

canzona (kan-tzo'na) or canzone 
('ne), n. a song or air somewhat 
resembling the madrigal; an instru- 



mental piece in the style of a mad- 
rigal. 

canzonet (kan-tzo-nef), n. a short 
song. 

caoutchouc (koo'chook), n. an elas- 
tic gummy substance obtained from 
the milky juice of several tropical 
trees, and much used in the indus- 
trial arts; india-rubber. 

capability (ka-pa-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being capable: pi. intel- 
lectual attainments. 

capable (ka/pa-bl), adj. receptive; 
susceptible; having power, skill, or 
capacity; competent; legally quali- 
fied. 

capacious (ka-pa'shus), adj. roomy; 
spacious. 

capacitate (ka-pas'i-tat), v.t. to make 
capable; enable; qualify. 

capacity (ka-pas'i-ti), n. [pi. ca- 
pacities (-tiz) ], the power of re- 
ceiving or containing; the power of 
containing a certain quantity ex- 
actly; cubic contents; intellectual 
ability; legal qualification; profes- 
sion; function; position. 

cap-a-pie (kap-a-pe'), adv. from 
head to foot. 

caparison (ka-par'i-son), n. an or- 
namental covering for a horse; gay 
or rich clothing: v.t. to cover with 
rich clothing, as a horse; adorn 
with rich dress. 

cape (kap), n. a covering for the 
shoulders, worn separately or at- 
tached; a headland. 

caper (ka'per), v.i. to skip; jump: 
n. a frolicsome leap or spring; a 
skip; a prank. 

capful (kap 'fool), n. as much as fills 
a cap; a small quantity; a passing 
gust. 

capias (ka'pi-as), n. a writ author- 
izing the arrest of the person named 
in it. 

capillary (kap'il-a-ri & ka-pil'a-ri), 
adj. resembling a hair; minute; 
slender; possessing a very small 
bore; pertaining to the capillary 
vessels of the body: n. a tube with 
a small bore: pi. one of the minute 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






CAPILLARY ATTRACTION 141 



CAPSULAR 



blood-vessels connecting the arteries 
with the veins. 

capillary attraction (a-trak'shun), 
n. the power possessed by porous 
bodies of drawing up a fluid. 

capilliform (ka-piTi-form), adj. hav- 
ing the form of a hair. 

capital (kap'i-tal), adj. affecting the 
head or life; punishable with death; 
first in importance; chief; princi- 
pal, good, excellent; first-rate: n. 
the chief city or town in a kingdom 
or state; a capital letter. 

capital (kap'i-tal), n. the sum in- 
vested in any particular business; 
stock in trade; stock or resources 
of any kind, moral or physical ; that 
part of wealth which is savei and 
is available for, or employed in, 
future production; the head or top 
of a column, pilaster, or pillar. 

capitalism (kap'it-al-izm), n. the 
possession of capital, especially its 
concentration in the hands of a 
few; the power of combined capital. 

capitalize (kap'i-tal-Iz), v.t. to con- 
vert into capital; compute or real- 
ize the present value of in money, 
as a periodical payment; print with 
a capital. 

capitate (kap'i-tat), adj. growing in 
a head. 

capitation (kap-i-ta'shun), n. a tax, 

i fee, or grant per head. 

Capitol (kap'i-tul), n. the temple of 
Jupiter at Rome, situated on the 
S.W. summit of the Capitoline Hill; 
the building occupied by the United 
States Congress at Washington; the 
legislative building of a State. 

capitular (ka-pit'u-lar), or capitu- 
iry (-lar-i), adj. _ pertaining to a 
ihapter; growing in a head: n. a 
Latute passed in a chapter, as of 
ights or canons: pi. the body of 
tatutes of a chapter or of an ec- 
ilesiastical council; a member of a 
:hapter. 

ritulation (ka-pit-u-la'shun), n. the 
;t of capitulating; the instrument 
►ntaining the terms of surrender. 
din (kap'lin), n. a small fish of 




the smelt family, largely used as 
bait for cod. 

capon (ka/pon), n. a castrated cock; 
a cock-chicken castrated for the 
purpose of improving the flesh for 
table. 

caponiere or caponniere (kap-o- 
ner'), n. a covered lodgment; a pas- 
sage from one part of a defensive 
work to another, protected by a par- 
apet. 

capote (ka-pot'), n. a kind of long 
coarse cloak; a long mantle for 
women. 

capouch (ka-poosh'), n. a monk's 
hood or cowl; the hood of a cloak. 

capric (kap'rik), adj. pertaining to a 
goat. 

capric acid (as'id), n. an acid found 
in the butter of cow's and goat's 
milk, cocoanut-oil, &c, united with 
glycerine, and having a smell like 
that of a goat. 

caprice (ka-pres'), n. a sudden im 
pulse of the mind; a whim; a freak. 

capricious (ka-prish'us), adj. char- 
acterized by caprice; unsteady; 
fickle. 

caprine (kap'rin), adj. pertaining to, 
or resembling, a goat. 

capriole (kap'ri-ol), n. a leap of a 
horse made without advancing: v.i. 
to execute a capriole. 

capsicin or capsicine (kap 'si-sin), n. 
an alkaloid extracted from several 
species of Capsicum. 

Capsicum (kap'si-kum), n. a genus 
of South American plants, the pods 
of several species of which are used 
as a condiment (chillies), and when 
dried and ground form cayenne pep- 
per. 

capsize (kap'siz), v.i. to be over- 
turned; upset: v.t. to turn over or 
upset: n: an upset or overturn. 

capstan (kap'stan), n. an upright 
drum or cylinder revolving upon a 
spindle, and worked by bars or 
levers. 

capsular (kap'su-lar), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, a cap- 
sule. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north; not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ft 



CAPSULE 142 CARAWAY 

capsule (kap'siil), n. a metallic seal by the members; a woman's cloak 
or cover for a bottle; a small en- and hood. 

velope of gelatine inclosing a nau- caput (kap'ut), n. [pi. capita ('i-ta) J, 
seous drug; a seed-vessel or pod the head. 

which at maturity opens by valves; carack or carrack (kar'ak), n. a 
a small shallow vessel; a membra- large round-built vessel formerly 
nous sac inclosing some part or or used by the Portuguese and Span- 
gan. iards in the East Indian and Ameri- 

captain (kap'tan, or 'tin), n. one can trade. 

who has command of, or authority caracole (kar'a-kol), n. a half turn 
over, others; a chief; a commander; which a horseman makes, either to 
in the army, the commander of a the right or left; a spiral staircase, 
company; in the navy, an officer Also caracol: v.i. to move in a cara- 
commanding a ship of war; the cole; wheel. 

master of a merchant vessel; the caramel (kar'a-mel), n. burnt sugar, 
head of a team or side; the chief used for coloring spirits, gravies, 
boy in a school. soups, &c; a sweetmeat; a candy. 

captaincy (kap 'tan-si or 'tin-si), n. carapace (kar'a-pas), n. the upper 
the rank, post, or commission of a shell of the tortoise, turtle, &c; 
captain. * the upper covering of the Crustacea. 

caption (kap'shun), n. a certificate carat (kar'at), n. the weight of 3.17 
of arrest. grains, used for weighing precious 

captious (kap'shus), adj. ready to stones and pearls; a twenty-fourth 
catch at faults or take offense; part, a term used to express the 
quibbling; sophistical; fitted to har- fineness of gold used in jewelry; 
ass or perplex; carping. thus, gold 22 carats fine contains 22 

captivate (kap'ti-vat), v.t. to en- parts of pure gold and 2 of alloy 
slave or hold captive by beauty or (copper or silver). Also spelled 
excellence; charm or lure; fascinate. karat. 

captive (kap'tiv), adj. made prisoner; caravan (kar'a-van or kar-a-van'), n. 
held in bondage; fascinated; of or a company of travelers, merchants, 
pertaining to bondage: n. one who or pilgrims, associated together for 
is taken prisoner, especially one so mutual security, especially when 
taken in war; one held in bondage traveling through deserts or regions 
or fascinated. infested by robbers; a large covered 

captivity (kap-tiv'i-ti), n. the state wa g° n ? r carriage for the convey- 
of being held in bondage or con- ance of traveling exhibitions or 
finement; servitude; imprisonment. passengers; a van. 

/, ,,_ v i caravansary (kar-a-van sa-n), n. [pi. 

captor (kap'ter), n. one who cap- caravan y saries ( . riz) ,/' in ft e 
tures or takes any person or thing East kind f ^ cons > ti of a 
by force or stratagem. large > unf urnished building sur ? ound . 

capture (kap tur), n. the act of seiz- ing a spacious court, where caravans 
ing or taking, as a prisoner or a rest at night. Also caravanserai. 
prize; arrest; the thing taken: v.t. caravel (kar'a-vel) or carvel (kar'- 
to take or seize by force, surprise, vel), n. a name given to several 
or stratagem; make a prisoner or kinds of ships, as a small 16th cen- 
prize of. tury vessel, used by the Spaniards 

Capuchin (kap'u-shen or -oo-shen'), and Portuguese, with broad bows, 
n. a Franciscan monk of the men- narrow high poop, four masts, and 
dicant order; so named from the lateen sails. 
long pointed cowl or capouch worn caraway (kar'a-wa), n. a biennial 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CARBINE 



143 



CARDINAL NUMBERS 



plant with aromatic and pungent 
seeds, used medicinally and as a 
condiment. 

carbine (kar'bin), n. a short rifle 
adapted to the use of cavalry. Also 
carabine. 

carbineer (kar-bi-ner'), n. a soldier 
armed with a carbine. Also cara- 
bineer. 

carbohydrate (kar-bo-hi'drat), n. 
one of a group of organic com- 
pounds of carbon, hydrogen, and 
oxygen. 

carbolated (kar 'bo-la-ted), adj. im- 
pregnated or treated with carbolic 
acid. 

carbolic (kar-bol'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or derived from, carbon or coal-tar. 

carbolic acid (as'id), n. an acid ob- 
tained from coal-tar by distillation: 
largely used as an antiseptic in sur- 
gery, and as a disinfectant. Also 
called phenic acid. 

carbon (kar'bon), n. an elementary 
substance present in all organic 
compounds, and occurring in nature 
in two distinct forms, as the dia- 
mond and graphite. The action of 
heat on vegetable and animal tis- 
sues produces carbon in the form of 
charcoal, lampblack, coke, &c. : v.t. 
to place carbons in (an arc-lamp). 

carbon-dioxide (-di'oks-Id), n. car- 
bonic acid gas. 

carbonaceous (kar-bo-na'shus), adj. 
pertaining to, consisting of, or con- 
taining carbon. 

trbonate (kar'bon-at), n. a com- 
pound of carbonic acid with a base. 
•bonic acid (as'id), n. (carbon- 
dioxide) a gaseous colorless com- 
pound of carbon and oxygen in the 
proportion of 12 parts of carbon to 
32 of oxygen. It is a heavy irre- 
spirable gas, and acts as a narcotic 
poison. 

trboniferous (kar-bo-nif'er-us), adj. 
containing or yielding carbon or 
coal. 

rborundum (kar-bo-run'dum), n. 
an exceedingly hard abrasive made 



in the electric furnace through com* 
bination of silicon and carbon. 
carboy (kar'boi), n. a large globular 
bottle of glass, protected by a bas- 
ket-work, used to contain or con- 
vey corrosive acids. 

carbuncle (kar'bung-kl), n. a beau- 
tiful gem of a deep red color; an in- 
flammatory tumor, boil, or ulcer. 

carbuncular (kar-bung'ku-ler), adj. 
pertaining to, or resembling, a car- 
buncle; red; inflamed. 

carbureter (kar-bu-ret'er), n. a de- 
vice which mixes vaporized oil with 
air and feeds it to the cylinder of 
a gasoline engine. 

carcase or carcass (kar'kas), n. [pi. 
carcases (-ez) ], the dead body of an 
animal; a corpse; the decaying re- 
mains of a bulky thing; the frame- 
work or skeleton of a building, ship, 
&c; a perforated shell filled with 
combustibles, used to set fire to 
buildings, ships, &c. 

cardamom (kar'da-mum), n. the 
capsule of several species of plants 
of the ginger family with its aro- 
matic seeds, used medicinally and 
as a "condiment. 

cardia (kar'di-&), n. the heart; the 
upper or cardiac end of the stomach 
where the oesophagus or gullet en- 
ters it. 

cardiac (kar'di-ak), adj. pertaining 
to the heart; stimulating the heart's 
action: n. a medicine which excites 
action in the heart through the me- 
dium of the stomach, and stimulates 
the spirits; a cordial; stimulant. 

cardialgia (kar-di-al'ji-a), n. heart- 
burn. 

cardigan (kar'di-gan), n. a knitted 
woolen jacket or waistcoat. 

cardinal (kar'di-nal), adj. chief; pre- 
eminent; fundamental. 

cardinal (kar'di-nal), n. an ecclesi- 
astical prince ranking in dignity 
next to the Pope; a woman's short 
cloak with a hood. 

cardinal numbers (num'berz), n. 
pi. the numbers one, two, three, 
&c, in distinction from first, sec- 



ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CARDINAL POINTS 



144 



CAROUSE 



ond, third, &c, which are called 
ordinal numbers. 

cardinal points (pointz), n.pl. N., 
S., E., W. 

cardinal signs (sinz), n.pl. Aries, 
Libra, Cancer, and Capricorn. 

cardinal virtues (ver'ttiz), n.pl. 
justice, prudence, temperance, and 
fortitude. 

cardinal-winds (windz), n.pl. winds 
which blow due N., S., E., or W. 

carditis (kar-di'tis) , n. inflammation 
of the muscular tissue of the heart. 

careen (ka-ren'), v.t. to bring (a 
ship) on one side for the purpose 
of calking, cleansing, or repairing: 
v i. to incline on one side, as a ship 
under press of sail. 

career (ka-rer'), n. a run at full 
speed; general course of action; an 
occupation or calling: v.i. to move 
or run rapidly. 

caress (ka-res'), n. any act or ex- 
pression of affection; an embrace: 
v.t. to treat with tokens of affec- 
tion; bestow caresses upon. 

caret (ka'ret or kar'et), n. a mark 
(a) used in writing, or in correcting 
proofs, to indicate the place where 
something is omitted or is to be added. 

cargo (kar'go), n. [pi. cargoes ('goz)], 
the lading or freight of a ship. 

Carib (kar'ib) or Caribbee ('i-be), 
n. a native of the Caribbee Islands, 
or one of a tribe inhabiting certain 
regions of Central America and the 
north of South America. 

caribou or cariboo (kar'i-boo), n. 
the North American reindeer. 

caricature (kar'i-ka-tur), n. a pic- 
torial or descriptive representation 
of a person or thing, in which the 
defects or peculiarities are exag- 
gerated so as to produce a ludicrous 
effect; parody: v.t. to represent in 
a ridiculous or exaggerated style; 
parody; burlesque. 

caries (ka'ri-ez), n. decay of bones, 
teeth, or vegetable tissue. 

carillon (kar'i-lon), n. a chime of 
bells diatonically tuned and played 
by hand or machinery; a simple air 



adapted for playing on a set of bells* 

cariole (kar'i-ol), n. a small open 
carriage; a light covered cart. 

cariosity (ka-ri-os'i-ti), n. the state 
of being carious. 

cark (kark), v.i. to be anxious or 
concerned: v.t. to vex; load with 
care or grief. 

carminative (kar-min'a-tiv), n. a 
medicine, which expels wind and re- 
lieves colic and flatulence: adj. ex- 
pelling wind. 

carmine (kar'min or 'mln) n. the 
essential coloring principle of coch- 
ineal; a rich crimson pigment. 

carnage (kar'naj), n. slaughter; great 
destruction of life by violence; 
massacre. 

carnal (kar'nal), adj. pertaining to 
the body, its passions and its ap- 
petites; animal; fleshly; sensual, im- 
pure; not spiritual, but essentially 
human; secular. 

carnation (kar-na'shun) , n. a light 
rose-pink; flesh color; the parts of 
a picture in which flesh is repre- 
sented; a pink. 

carney (kar'ni), n. a disease of horses, 
in which the furred condition of 
the mouth prevents eating. 

carnival (kar'ni-val) n. the season 
of rejoicing before Lent: observed 
in Roman Catholic countries; feast- 
ing or revelry. 

carnivorous (kar-niv'o-rus), adj. eat- 
'ing or feeding on flesh. 

carob (kar'ob), n. an evergreen tree 
which yields a nutritious pod known 
as St. John's-bread. 

carol (kar'ul), n. a song of joy or 
praise, especially one in honor of the 
Nativity: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. -e,d, p.pr. 
-ing], to sing in joy; warble: v.t. 
to praise or celebrate in song. 

carotid (ka-rot'id), n. one of the 
two principal arteries, one on either 
side of the neck, which convey the 
blood from the aorta to the head: 
adj. pertaining to the two great 
arteries of the neck. 

carouse (ka-rouz'), n. a feast or fes- 
tival; a noisy drinking bout or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






CARP 



145 



CARVE 



revel. Also carousal: v.i. to drink 
heartily and with jollity; revel. 
carp (karp), v.i. to cavil or find fault. 
carp (karp), n. a fresh-water fish. 
carpal (kar'pal), adj. pertaining to 

the carpus or wrist. 
carpel (kar'pel), n. a simple pistil, 
or one of the parts of a compound 
. pistil or ovary of a flower. 
carpenter (kar'pen-ter), n. an artif- 
icer who works in timber and pre- 
pares the woodwork of houses, 
ships, &c. : v.i. to perform car- 
penter's work. 
carpentry (kar'pen-tri), n. the art 
of cutting, framing, and joining 
timber; work done by a carpenter. 
carpet (kar'pet), n. a thick woven 
or felted fabric, with a pattern, used 
for covering floors or stairs; a soft 
covering, resembling carpet: v.t. to 
cover with a carpet; bring under 
consideration ; reprimand . 
carpet-bagger (-bag'er), n. sl politi- 
cal adventurer. 
carpet-knight (-nit), n. one upon 
whom the honor of knighthood or 
other distinction has been conferred 
for other than active service. 
carriage (kar'ij), n. the act of car- 
rying or transporting; cost of con- 
veyance; behavior; deportment; a 
wheeled vehicle; the wheeled stand 
support of a gun; the frame- 
work of a wooden staircase. 
*ier (kar'i-er), n. one who, or 
lat which, carries or conveys; one 
rhose business is to carry goods 
for hire; a portion of various ma- 
chines; a frame for holding photo- 
raphic plates or magic-lantern 
ides. 

■rier-pigeon (-pij'un), n. a va- 
iety of pigeon trained to convey 
letters, &c. 

rion (kar'i-on), n. dead or putre- 
fying flesh; filth; garbage: adj. per- 
lining to, or feeding on, carrion. 
rrion-crow (-kro), n. the com- 
lon crow of Europe: also the 
lerican crow. 



carronade - (kar-on-ad'), n. a short 
cannon of large bore for close range, 
formerly used in the navy. 

carron-oil (kar'on-oil), n. linseed- 
oil and lime-water: used as a lini- 
ment for burns. 

carrot (kar'ot), n. the well-known 
plant with an edible root; the root 
itself. 

cartage (kart'aj), n. the charge 
made for conveyance by a cart; 
the act of carting. 

carte (kart), n. a bill of fare. 

carte blanche (kart blangsh), a 
blank paper; a signed sheet of 
paper given to another to be filled 
up as he pleases: hence, uncondi- 
tional terms or authority. 

carte-de-visite (kart'-de-vi-zef), 

[pi, cartes-de-visite], a photograph 
of a person mounted on a card of a 
size formerly used as a visiting card. 

cartel (kar'tel), n. an agreement be- 
tween hostile states regarding the 
exchange of prisoners; a challenge 
to single combat. 

cartilage (kar'ti-laj), n. elastic animal 
tissue, forming bone; gristle. 

cartilaginous (kar-ti-laj'i-nus), adj. 
pertaining to, or in the form of, 
cartilage; gristly. 

cartoon (kar-toon'), n. a study or 
design executed on strong paper, 
and of the size to be reproduced in 
fresco or tapestry;, a pictorial 
sketch dealing with a political or 
social subject. 

cartouch- (kar-to5sh'), n. a cartridge; 
a Cartridge-box; an ornament in 
the form of an unrolled scroll; on 
Egyptian monuments, &c, an oval 
figure containing the name or title 
of a sovereign or deity. 

cartridge (kar'trij), n. a case of 
cardboard, metal, or other material, 
containing the charge of a firearm. 

caruncle (kar'ung-kl), n. a small 
fleshy excrescence; the comb or 
wattle of a fowl; an appendage 
surrounding the hilum of a seed. 

carve (karv), v.t. to form a design; 
shape by cutting; cut into slices: 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CARYATID 



146 



CASTELLATED 



v.i. to exercise the trade of a sculp- 
tor or carver; cut up meat. 

caryatid (kar-i-at'id), n. a figure of 
a woman in long robes, serving to 
support an entablature. 

cascarilla (kas-ka-ril'a), n. the bark 
of a West Indian shrub, possessing 
aromatic and bitter properties; the 
shrub itself, from which is obtained 
a white bitter crystalline substance, 
cascarillin. 

case-harden (kas-har'dn), v.t. to 
harden the surface of (as iron) by 
conversion into steel. 

caseic (ka'se-ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or derived from cheese. 

casement (kas'ment), n. a hinged 
window-frame made to open out- 
ward; a compartment between the 
mullions of a window. 

caseous (ka/se-us), adj. cheesy. 

cashier (kash-er'), n. one who has 
charge of the money, and superin- 
tends the payments and receipts of 
a bank or trading establishment: 
v.t. to dismiss from service or place 
of trust; discharge. 

cashmere (kash'mer), n. a soft 
woolen fabric for shawls, &c, orig- 
inally made in Cashmere, from the 
downy hair of the wild goat of 
Tibet and the Himalayas; a soft 
woolen dress fabric made in imita- 
tion of real cashmere: adj. made of 
cashmere. 

cash-register (kash-re'jis-ter), n. a 
machine for registering cash receipts. 

casing (kas'ing), r?.^ the act of cov- 
ering with or placing in a case; a 
covering. 

casino (ka-se'no), n. [pi. English 
casinos ('noz), Italian casini ('ne) ], 
a small country house; a public 
room or building used for social 
meetings, dancing, gaming, &c. 

cask (kask), n. a vessel composed of 
wooden staves, bound by iron hoops, 
for holding liquors; the quantity 
contained in a cask. 
casket (kas'ket), n. a small chest or 
box for jewels, &c; a costly coffin: 
v.t. to place or preserve in a casket. 



casque (k&sk), n. a helmet. 

cassation (kas-a'shun), n. abroga- 
tion. 

cassava (kas'a-va), n. a plant of 
tropical America and Africa, culti- 
vated for its tuberous roots, which 
yield a nutritious starch, from 
which cassava-bread and tapioca 
are made. 

casserole (kas'er-ol), n. a heat-proof 
earthenware vessel in which meat, 
etc., is cooked and served. 

cassia (kash'ia), n. a genus of legu- 
minous plants, the leaves of several 
species of which constitute the drug 
senna. 

cassia-oil (-oil), n. oil extracted 
from cassia-bark and cassia-buds. 
Called also oil of cinnamon. 

cassimere (kas'i-mer), n. a thin 
twilled woolen cloth, used for men's 
garments. Also casimire, and ker- 
seymere. 

cassinette (kas-i-nef), Ti. a cloth 
with a cotton warp and a woof of 
very fine wool, or wool and silk. 

cassock (kas'uk), n. a long, close- 
fitting vestment worn by clergymen, 
choristers, &c. 

cassowary (kas'6-wa-ri), n. [pi. cas- 
sowaries (-riz)j, a large bird re- 
sembling the ostrich, inhabiting 
Australia and the Papuan Islands. 

cast-iron, or -steel (-Irn, or -stel), 
n. iron or steel melted and run into 
molds. 

castanets (kas'ta-nets), n.pl. small 
spoon-shaped shells of hard wood or 
ivory, fastened loosely at the top, a 
pair of which is fastened to each 
thumb and shaken with the fingers 
to beat time. 

castaway (kast'a-wa), n. one who is 
cast away or lost; a person or vessel 
wrecked on an unfrequented coast; 
an outcast; reprobate (I Cor. ix. 27): 
adj. shipwrecked; rejected. 

caste (kast), one of the artificial or 
hereditary divisions into which Hin- 
dus are restricted by Brahmin re- 
ligious law. 
castellated (kas'te-la-ted), adj. fur- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CASTER 



147 



CATAMOUNT 



nished with turrets and battlements, 
as a castle. 
caster (kas'ter), n. one who, or that 
which casts; a computor; a cruet or 
small vessel for holding condiments 
at table; a small swiveled wheel. 
Also castor. 
castigate (kas'ti-gat), v.t. to cor- 
rect; chastise; punish; subject to 
severe criticism. 
Castilian (kas-til'ian), adj. of, or 
pertaining to, Castile. 

casting (kast'ing), n. the action of 
the verb to cast; the act or process 
of founding or molding; the process 
of taking impressions of statues, 
medals, &c; a worm-cast. 

castle (kas'l, or kas'l), n. a fortified 
residence; a fortress; a strong and 
imposing mansion of a noble or 
wealthy person; one of the pieces at 
chess, called also rook: v.i. to move 
the king two squares to the right or 
left, and bring the castle to the 
square the king has passed over. 

castrate (kas'trat), v.t. emasculate; 
geld; expurgate; deprive a flower 
of its anthers: adj. emasculated; 
gelded: n. one who has been emascu- 
lated; a eunuch. 

casual (kazh'u-al), adj. happening 
by chance; accidental; occasional; 
fortuitous: n. one who receives re- 
lief for a night in a parish to which 
he does not belong. 

casualty (kazh'u-al-ti), n. [pi. casu- 
alties (-tiz)], an accident, especially 
if resulting in bodily injury or death. 

casuist (kazh'u-ist) n. one skilled in 
casuistry; one who studies or re- 
solves cases of conscience. 

casuistry (kazh'u-ist-ri), n. [pi. 
casuistries (-riz) ], the science or 
doctrine which deals with cases of 
conscience as determined by theolog- 
ical dogmas or ethical rules; sophis- 
tical or equivocal reasoning. 

cat-block (-blok), n. a two- or three- 
fold block used to cat the anchor. 

cat-boat (-bot), n. a small boat with 
one sail on a mast near the bows. 

cat-harpings (-har'pings), n.pl. short 



ropes or iron clamps used for 
tightening the shrouds. 

cat-o'-nine-tails, n. sl whip with 
nine lashes of knotted cord, former- 
ly used as a punishment in the 
English army and navy. 

cat's-eye (-1), n. a hard semi-trans- 
parent variety of quartz. 

catabolism (ka-tab'o-lizm), n. a 
downward series of changes by 
which complex bodies are broken 
down into simpler forms. Also 
katabolism. 

cataclysm (kat'a-klizm), n. a del- 
uge; flood; a violent or sudden 
physical change of the earth's sur- 
face. 

catacomb (kat'a-kom), n. a subter- 
raneous burial place with niches 
hollowed out for the dead. 

catacoustics (kat-a-kous'tiks), n. 
that part of the science of acoustics 
which treats of reflected sounds. 

catafalque (kat'a-falk), n. a tem- 
porary structure erected, usually in 
a church, to support the coffin of a 
distinguished person on the occasion 
of a ceremonious funeral. 

catalepsy (kat'a-lep-si), n. a sudden 
suspense of voluntary sensation. 
Also catalepsis. 

cataleptic (kat-a-lep'tik), adj. of, 
or pertaining to, catalepsy. 

catalogue (kat'a-log), n. an are 
ranged list: v.t. to enter in, or 
make, a catalogue of. 

catalysis (ka-tal'i-sis), n. [pi. ca- 
talyses (-sez) J, a decomposition 
and new combination supposed to 
be effected by one substance acting 
upon a compound body, itself re- 
maining unchanged. 

catamaran (kat-a-ma-ran'), n. a 
raft or float propelled by paddles, 
consisting usually of three or more 
logs lashed together, the third or 
middle one being longer than the 
rest; any vessel with twin hulls; a 
flat-bottomed boat; a vixen. 

catamount (kat'a-mouni), n. the 
wild cat; the puma, cougar, or 
mountain lion. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



r/ 



CATAPHONICS 



148 



CATHOLIC 



cataphonics (kat-a-fon'iks), n. that 
branch of acoustics which treats of 
the theory of reflected sounds; cata- 
coustics. 

cataplexy (kat'a-plek-si), n. a sudden 
shock to the nerves causing paralysis. 

catapult (kat'a-pult), n. an ancient 
military engine for hurling > darts 
and stones; a forked stick with an 
elastic band by which small mis- 
siles are propelled. 

cataract (kat'a-rakt), n. a large 
waterfall; a furious rush or down- 
pour of water; a disease of the 
eye in which the crystalline lens 
becomes opaque, and the vision be- 
comes impaired or is lost. 

catarrh (ka-tar'), n. an inflamma- 
tory affection of any mucous mem- 
brane accompanied by increase of 
the mucus, especially from the nose ; 
a violent cold in the head. 

catarrhal (ka-tar'al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or produced by, catarrh. 

catastrophe (ka-tas'tro-fe), n. a 
great calamity or disaster; an 
event subversive of the order of 
things; the unfolding and winding 
up of a plot; a cataclysm. 

catawba (ka-taw'ba), n. a light-red 
variety of American grape; a light 
wine made from this grape. 

catcall (kat'kawl), n. a squeaking 
instrument used in theaters to ex- 
press disapproval: v.t. to express 
disapproval of by a catcall. 

catchpenny (kach'pen-i), n. [pi. 
catchpennies (-iz) ], an article of 
little value got up attractively to 
effect a quick sale. 

catchup (kach'up), n. a sauce made 
from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, 
&c. Also catsup, ketchup. 

catechetical (kat-e-ket'ik-al), adj. 
consisting of questions and answers. 

catechetics (kat-e-ket'iks), n. the 
art or practice of instructing by 
means of question and answer. 

catechism (kat'e-kizm), n. an ele- 
mentary manual of instruction in 
the form of question and answer, 



especially in the principles of the 
Christian religion. 

catechize (kat'e-kiz), v.t. to instruct 
by means of questions and answers, 
and offering explanations, especially 
to instruct on points of Christian 
dogma; interrogate or examine. 

catechumen (kat-e-ku'men), n. one 
who is under religious instruction 
prior to receiving baptism; a beginner 
in the first principles of knowledge. 

categorical (kat-e-gor'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to a category; absolute; 
unconditional. 

category (kat'e-go-ri), n. [pi. cate- 
gories (-riz) ], one of the highest 
classes to which the objects of 
knowledge or thought can be re- 
duced, and by which they may be 
arranged into a system. 

cater (ka'ter), v.i. to supply food, 
" amusement, &c. [with for and to). 

caterpillar (kat'er-pil'er), n. the hairy 
worm-like larva of a butterfly or 
lepidopterous insect. 

caterwaul (kat'er-wawl), v.i. to cry, 
as cats at night; to utter harsh 
discordant sounds. 

cathartic (ka-thar'tik) , adj. purga- 
tive: n. a purgative medicine. 

cat-head (kat'hed), n. a beam pro- 
jecting from a ship's bows to which 
the anchor is secured. 

cathedral (ka-the'dral), n. the^ chief 
church in a diocese in which is the 
throne of a bishop; adj. pertaining 
to a cathedral. 

catheter (kath'e-ter), a tubular in- 
strument to withdraw urine from 
the bladder. 

cathode (kath'od), n. the negative 
pole of a current: opposed to anode. 
Written also kathode. 

cathode-ray (kath'od-ra), n. the 
stream of electrons in an electric 
bulb which generates the X-ray. 

catholic (kath'o-lik), adj. universal; 
general; embracing all; liberal; 
large-hearted; free from prejudice; 
including all mankind. 

Catholic (kath'o-lik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Church of Rome: n. a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CATHOLICISM 



149 



CAUTION 



member of the Universal or Cath- 
olic Church, or of the Roman 
Church. 

Catholicism (ka-thol'i-sizm) , n. the 
belief of, or adherence to, the Cath- 
olic Church or faith, especially to 
that of the Roman Catholic Church. 

catkin (kat'kin), n. the pendulous 
inflorescence of the willow, birch, &c. 

catling (kat'ling), n. a little cat; 
kitten; the down or moss resem- 
bling cat's hair which grows on cer- 
tain trees. 

catmint (kat'mint), catnip (kaf- 
nip), n. a strong-scented perennial 
herb, much liked by cats. 

catopsis (ka-top'sis), n. morbidly 
keen vision. 

catoptric light (lit), n. form of 
light, used in lighthouses, in which 
reflectors are used in the place of 
prisms and lenses. 

catoptrics (ka-top'triks), n. that 
branch of optics which treats of 
the principles of reflected light. 

cattle-plague (-plag), n. a popular 
name for the rinderpest. 

Caucasian (kaw-ka'shi-an or kaw- 
kash'i-an), adj. of or pertaining to 
the Caucasus, a mountainous range 
between the Black and the Caspian 
Seas; of or pertaining to the Euro- 
pean Aryans. 

caucus (kaw'kus), n. a preliminary 
meeting of representatives of a po- 
litical party, to decide upon a line 
of policy to be submitted to a con- 
vention or larger meeting; a party 
combination for influencing elec- 
tions: v.i. to hold, or meet in, a 
Caucus. 

caudal (kaw'dal), adj. pertaining to 
a tail. 

caudate (kaw'dat), adj. having a 
tail; having a tail-like appendage. 

caudle (kaw'dl), n. a warm drink 
made of wine or ale, spiced or sug- 
ared, and mixed with bread, eggs, 
&c, for sick persons,or for women 
in childbed. 

caught, p.t. & p.p. of catch. 

caul (kawl), n. a net or covering for 



the head; a small net; a mem" 
brane covering the lower intes" 
tines; a part of the amnion or mem" 
brane of the fetus, sometimes inclos" 
ing a child's head at birth. 

cauldron (kawl'dron), n. a large 
kettle or boiler. 

cauliflower (kaw'li-flou-er), n. a 
garden variety of cabbage with an 
edible flowering head. 

causal (kaw'zal), adj. relating to or 
expressing cause; creative: n. a 
word that expresses a cause, or in- 
troduces a reason. _ 

causality (kaw-zal'i-ti), n. [pi. cau- 
salities (-tiz) ], the relation of cause 
to effect; the supposed faculty of 
tracing effects to causes. 

causation (kaw-za'shun), n. the act 
of causing or producing; relation 
between cause and effect. 

causative (kaw'za-tiv), adj. that 
causes; effective as a cause; ex- 
• pressing causation. 

cause (kawz), n. that which pro- 
duces or contributes to a result; a 
reason; motive; principle; subject 
in debate; a side or party; a suit 
or action; a case for judicial de- 
cision: v.t. to act as an agent in 
producing an effect; produce. 

causeway (kawz'wa), or causey 
(zi), n. a pathway raised and 
paved with stone; a highway. 

caustic (kaws'tik), adj. burning; hot; 
corrosive; sarcastic; cutting; pun- 
gent: n. a substance which burns. 

caustic-potash (pot 'ash), n. potas- 
sium as a powerful cautery, much 
used in medicine, the arts, and 
manufactures. 

caustic-soda (so'da), n. sodium hy- 

■ drate, a white solid substance, 
largely used in soap-making. 

cauterize (kaw'ter-iz), v.t. to burn 
or sear with a hot iron, or with 
cauterants. 

cautery (kaw'ter-i), n. [pi. cauteries 
(-iz)], a burning or searing; an in- 
strument or drug used for such a 
purpose. 

caution (kaw'shun), n. needfulness; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






CAUTIONARY 



150 



CELIBACY 



prudence in regard to danger; 
watchfulness; an admonition; some- 
thing to occasion amazement or 
fear: v.t. to warn. 

cautionary (kaw'shun-a-ri) , adj. con- 
taining a caution; given as a pledge 
or security. 

cautious (kaw'shus), adj. exercising 
caution; heedful; wary; vigilant; 
circumspect. 

cavalcade (kav-al-kad'), n. a train 
or procession of persons, chiefly on 
horseback. 

cavalier (kav-a-ler'), n. an armed 
horseman, especially a knight or 
gentleman soldier; a gallant; a gay 
military man; a beau or attendant 
upon a lady; a partisan of Charles 
I. in his struggle with the Parlia- 
ment; an elevation for cannon with- 
in a bastion: adj. gay; sprightly; 
frank; careless; haughty; supercili- 
ous. 

cavallard (kav-al-yard'), a drove of 
horses or mules. 

cavalry (kav'al-ri), n. horse soldiers. 

cavatina (kav-a-te'na), n. a short 
simple melody. 

caveat (ka've-at), n. a notice filed 
to stop procedure, except after 
warning to the caveator; notice of 
intention to apply for a patent. 

cave-bear (-bar), n. a fossil bear be- 
longing to the Quarternary epoch. 

cave-man (-man), n. a man belong- 
ing to the prehistoric race who 
inhabited caves. 

cavern (kav'ern), n. a large natural 
hollow under the earth; a den; cave. 

cavernous (kav'er-nus), adj. hollow 
like a cavern; filled with small 
cavities. 

caviare (kav-i-ar'), or caviar (-i-ar'),n. 
the roes of certain large fish, especially 
the sturgeon, salted and dried. 

cavil (kav'il), v.i. [p.t.- & p.p. cav- 
iled, p.pr. caviling], to raise cap- 
tious or frivolous objections; carp 
[followed by at]: n. a captious or 
frivolous objection. 

cavity (kav'i-ti), n. [pi. cavities 
(-tiz)], a hollow place or part. 



cavo-rilievo (ka'vo-re-lia-vo), n. a 
relief in which the highest surface 
only is level with the plane of the 
original stone. Also cavo-relievo. 

cavort (ka-vorf), v.i. to prance about, 
as a horse; to bustle around briskly 
or eagerly. 

cayenne (ki-en' or ka-en'), n. a kind 
of pepper made from the seeds and 
fruit of various species of the genus 
Capsicum. 

cease (ses), v.i. to come to an end; 
stop; desist [followed by from be- 
fore a noun]: v.t. to put a stop to; 
end. 

cedar (se'dar), n. the name of sev- 
eral evergreen trees, having wood 
of great durability and fragrance: 
adj. pertaining to, or made of, 
cedar. 

cede (sed), v.t. give up or surrender. 

cedilla (se-dil'a), n. a mark placed 
under c to indicate the sound of s, 
as in French leron. 

ceil (sel), v.t. to overlay or cover the 
inner surface of a roof; furnish 
with a ceiling. 

ceiling (se'ling), n. the inner roof 
of an apartment. 

celebrant (sel'e-brant), n. one who 
celebrates, especially the principal 
officiating priest in offering mass or 
celebrating the Eucharist. 

celebrate (sel'e-brat), v.t. to praise, 
extol, or honor; commemorate; dis- 
tinguish by solemn ceremonies. 

celebrity (se-leb'ri-ti), n. [pi. celeb- 
rities (-tiz) ], fame; renown; dis- 
tinction ; a renowned person. 

celerity (se-ler'i-ti), n. rapidity; swift- 
ness. 

celery (sel'e-ri), n. a plant cultivated 
for a salad and vegetable. 

celeste (se-lesf), n. sky-blue. 

celestial (se-les'tial), adj. of or per- 
taining to the sky or heavens; 
heavenly; supremely excellent. 

Celestial (se-les'tial), n. an inhabi- 
tant of heaven; a native of China. 

Celestial Empire (em'pir), n. China. 

celibacy (sel'i-ba-si), n. the state of 
being unmarried; single life, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CELIBATE 



151 



CENTAUR 



cially that of a bachelor, or one 
bound by vows to an unmarried 
life. 

celibate (sel'i-bat), n. one who is 
unmarried or practices celibacy: adj. 
unmarried. 

ceil (sel), n. a small room in a mon- 
astery, convent, or prison; a small 
or mean place of residence; a small 
cavity; a minute mass of contractile 
protoplasm forming the structural 
unit of every organized body; a sin- 
gle element or jar of a galvanic bat- 
tery; a small religious house at- 
tached to a monastery or convent; 
the interval between the ribs of a 
vaulted roof. 

cellar (sel'ar), n. a vault for storing 
provisions, wine, fuel, &c. 

cello (chel'o), n. [pi. cellos ('oz), 
Italian celli (1e) L a violoncello. 

eel Ion (kel'on), n. transparent mate- 
rial designed for German aeroplane 
wings to render the machines in- 
visible. 

cellular (sel'u-lar), adj. formed of 
cells. 

celluloid (sel'u-loid), n. a compound 
of camphor and gun-cotton, resem- 
bling ivory. 

cellulose (sel'u-los), or celluline 
(-lin), n. the substance resembling 
and allied to starch which forms cel- 
lular plant tissue: adj. containing 
or composed of cells. 

celt (selt), n. an instrument or weapon 
of stone or metal, resembling a 
chisel or blade of an axe, found in 
ancient tumuli. 

Celtic (sel'tik), or Keltic (kel'-), 
adj. pertaining to the Kelts. 

Celtist (sel'tist), or Keltist (kel'-), 
a student of Keltic antiquities, lan- 
guages, &c. 

cement (se-menf or sem'ent), n. any 
adhesive substance which makes two 
bodies cohere; mortar; a bond of 
union; the bony layer which forms 
the outer substance of the fang of a 
tooth: v.t. to unite with cement; unite 
firmly or closely: v.i. become solid. 

cemetery (sem'e-ter-i), n. [pi. ceme- 



teries (-iz) ], a public burial ground. 

cenobite (sen'o-bit), n. one of a re- 
ligious order living in a convent or 
in community. 

cenotaph (sen'o-taf), n. an empty 
tomb, or a monument erected in 
honor of a person buried elsewhere. 

censer (sen'ser), n. a covered, cup- 
shaped vessel pierced with holes, in 
which incense is burned; a thurible. 

censor (sen'ser), n. one of two mag- 
istrates of ancient Rome who im- 
posed taxes and regulated the mor- 
als and manners of the community; 
an official appointed to examine 
books, manuscripts, plays, &c, prior 
to publication or performance to as- 
certain there is, nothing immoral or 
offensive in them ; one who censures 
or blames; a critic; at Cambridge 
University, a collegiate official sim- 
ilar to a dean. 

censorial (sen-so'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a censor; censorious. 

censorious (sen-so'ri-us), adj. ad- 
dicted to, or expressing, censure; 
carping; critical. 

censurable (sen'shur-a-bl) , adj. blam- 
able. 

censure (sen'shur), n. blame; re- 
proof; the act of finding fault; a 
sentence or penalty of an ecclesias- 
tical court: v.t. to find fault with or 
condemn; criticise adversely. 

census (sen'sus), n. a quinquennial 
registration of the numbers and 
property of Roman citizens for the 
purpose of taxation; in modern us- 
age, an official enumeration of the in- 
habitants of a country, with details 
of sex, age, occupation, &c, taken 
in the United States decennially. 

cent (sent), n. the 1-lOOth part of a 
dollar. 

cental (sen'tal), adj. pertaining to or 
consisting of a hundred: n. a weight 
for corn = 1001b. avoirdupois. 

centare (sang-tar'), n. in the metric 
system, one hundredth part of an 
are; one square meter. 

centaur (sen'tawr), n. a fabulous 
being, half man and half horse. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






CENTENARIAN 



152 



CENTURY 



centenarian (sen-te-na/ri-an), adj. 
of, or pertaining to, a centenary or 
of a person a hundred years old: n. 
a person of such an age or older. 

centenary (sen'te-na-ri), n. [pi. cen- 
tenaries (-riz) ], the space of a hun- 
dred years; the commemoration of 
the hundredth anniversary of an 
event : adj. relating to, or consisting 
of, a hundred; recurring once in a 
century. 

centennial (sen-ten 'i-al), adj. con- 
sisting of, or enduring, a hundred 
years; taking place once in a hun- 
dred years: n. the commemoration 
of a 100th anniversary. 

center (sen'ter), n. the middle point 
of anything; the nucleus around 
which things are collected ; a title of 
the leaders of certain organizations. 

center-bit (-bit), n. a carpenter's 
tool turning upon a center for bor- 
ing holes. 

center-board (bord), n. a keel so con- 
structed that it may be raised within 
the vessel or lowered at pleasure: 
it is extensively used by racing craft. 

center of gravity (of grav'i-ti), n. 
that point of a body through which 
the resultant of all the forces acting 
upon it in consequence of the earth's 
attraction will pass. 

centering (sen'ter-ing), n. the wood- 
work or timber framing by which 
vaulted work is supported during 
construction. 

centesimal (sen-tes'i-mal) , adj. hun- 
dredth: n. a hundredth part. 

centiare (sen'ti-ar, French sang-ti-ar'), 
n. a centare. 

centigrade (sen'ti-grad), adj. gradu- 
ated or divided into a hundred de- 
grees. 

centigram or centigramme (sen'- 
ti-gram), n. a measure of weight = 
100th of a gramme (.15432 of a 
grain troy) . 

centiliter (sen'ti-le-tr, French sang'-), 
n. a measure of capacity = the 
hundredth part of a liter (.6102 of 
an inch) . 

centime (sang-tem'), n. a small 



French coin = the hundredth part 
of a franc. 

centimeter (sen'ti-me-tr, French 
sang'-), n. a measure of length = 
100th of a meter (.3937 inch). 

centiped (sen'ti-ped), or centipede 
(-ped), n. the term applied to an 
articulated animal with numerous 
feet belonging to the class Myriap- 
oda, popularly supposed to have a 
hundred feet, whence the name. 

cento (sen'to), n. [pi. centos ('toz) ], 
a literary or musical composition 
formed by selections from various 
authors or composers, and arranged 
in a new order. 

central (sen'tral), adj. relating to, or 
situated in, the center. 

centralization (sen-tral-i-za'shun), n. 
the act of bringing all local ad- 
ministrations under one central gov- 
ernment. 

centralize (sen'tral-Iz), v.t. to draw 
or bring to a center; bring all ad- 
ministrations under one central gov- 
ernment. 

centre (sen'ter), n. same as center. 

centrifugal (sen-trif'ti-gal), adj. tend- 
ing or causing to fly off from the 
center; radiating from a central 
focus; expanding first at the sum- 
mit and later at the base. 

centripetal (sen-trip'e-tal), adj. 
tending or causing to approach the 
center: opposed to centrifugal; ex- 
panding first at the base and then 
at the summit. 

centripetal railway (ral'wa), n. a 
railway constructed with a single 
rail to support the carriage, and two 
side rails to steady it. 

centumvir (sen-tum'ver), n. [pi. 
centum virs (-verz); Latin centum- 
viri ('vi-ri) ], one of a body of 105 
Roman judges, appointed annually 
to try civil causes. 

centurion (sen-tu'ri-un), n. a mili- 
tary officer commanding a hundred 
men. 

century (-sen'tu-ri), n. [pi. centuries 
(-riz) ], a hundred; a hundred years, 
especially of the Christian era; a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CENTURY-PLANT 



153 



CERVINE 



division of the Roman people; a 
sub-division of a legion. 

century-plant (-plant), n. a name 
of the American aloe, from the sup- 
position that it flowered once only 
in a hundred years. 

cephalalgia (sef-a-lal'ji-a), n. head- 
ache. 

cephalic (sef'a-lik or se-fal'ik), adj. 
pertaining to the head; forming the 
front or forepart of a body or organ. 

ceramic (se-ram'ik), or keramic 
(ke-), adj. of or pertaining to pot- 
tery or the fictile arts: n.pl. work 
executed wholly or partly in clay 
and baked; the fictile arts. 

cerate (se'rat), n. a thick ointment 
of wax, &c. 

ceratin (ser'a-tin), n. horny tissue. 

cere (ser), n. the naked skin at the 
base of the bill of many birds, as the 
parrot. 

cere (ser), v.t. to cover or close with 
wax. 

cereal (se're-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or producing, wheat or edible grain; 
n. edible grain. 

cerebellum (ser-e-bel'um), n. [pi. 
cerebella ('&)], the hinder and low- 
er part of the brain in vertebrate 
animals; the little brain. 

cerebral (ser'e-bral), adj. of or per- 
taining to the brain. 

cerebral hemisphere (hem'is-fer), 
n. one of the two lateral halves of 
the cerebrum. 

rebration (ser-e-bra'shun), n. the 
conscious or unconscious action of 
the brain. 

rebric (ser'e-brik), adj. pertaining 
:o, or derived from, the brain. 
rebritis (ser-e-bri'tis), n. inflam- 
lation of cerebrum or brain. 
ibrum (ser'e-brum), n. [pi. cere- 
>ra (-bra)], the superior and larger 
>art of the brain: the seat of the 
mind and will. 

recloth (ser'kloth), n. a cloth sat- 
urated with wax or some gummy 
substance, used for wrapping em- 
balmed bodies in. 



cerement (ser'ment), n. a grave-cloth 
or shroud: pi. grave-clothes. 

ceremonial (ser-e-mo'ni-al), adj. re- 
lating to, or performed with, exter- 
nal rites or ceremonies: n. the pre- 
scribed order for a ceremony or 
function. 

ceremonious (ser-e-mo'ni-us), adj. 
full of ceremony; punctilious of pre- 
scribed formalities; according to pre- 
scribed form or usage; fond of 
using ceremony; precise. 

ceremony (ser'e-mo-ni), n. [pi. cere- 
monies (-niz)j, a sacred rite or ob- 
servance ; . a prescribed rite or for- 
mality; behavior regulated by the 
laws of strict etiquette. 

certain (ser'tin), adj. sure; beyond 
a doubt; fixed or stated; indefinite. 

certainty (ser'tin-ti), n. [pi. certain- 
ties (-tiz)], full assurance. 

certes (ser'tez), adv. certainly; as- 
suredly. 

certificate (ser-tif'i-kat), n. writ- 
ten testimony to the truth of any 
fact; a testimonial as to character 
or ability; a statement written and 
signed and legally authenticated: 
v.t. to give a certificate to; to at- 
test or vouch for by certificate. 

certify (ser'ti-fi), v.t.^ [p.t. & p.p. 
certified, p.pr. certifying], to testify 
to or to make known in writing; as- 

■ sure. 

certiorari (ser-shi-o-ra/ri), n. a writ 
issuing from a superior court calling 
for the records of an inferior court, 
or to remove a case from a court 
below. 

certitude (ser'ti-tud), adj. certainty; 
freedom from doubt; assurance. 

cerulean (se-roo'le-an), adj. sky-col- 
ored. 

cerulin (se'roo-lin), n. an olive-green 
dye. 

cerumen (se-ro5'men), yellow matter 
secreted in the outer ear-tube. 

cervical (ser'vi-kal), adj. of or per- 
taining to the neck. 

cervine (ser'vin), adj. of, or per- 
taining to, the deer family; of a 
tawny or fawn color. 



i, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CESS 



154 



CHAMBERLAIN 



cess (ses), v.t. to impose a tax; as- 
sess: n. a rate or tax, especially 
the land tax. 

cessation (ses-sa/shun), n. the act of 
ceasing. 

cession (sesh/un), n. a yielding up, 
as of territory, property, or rights; 
the surrender of a benefice by an 
incumbent who has accepted another 
living. 

cesspool (ses'pool), n. a deep hole in 
the ground, or the well of a drain, 
for the reception of filth; any foul 
receptacle. 

cetacean (se-ta'shun), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Cetacea, formerly a group 
of marine mammalia which included 
the whales: n. a whale; an animal 
belonging to the order Cete. 

cetic acid (se'tik as'id), n. an acid 
obtained from spermaceti. 

chafe (chaf), v.t. to make warm by 
friction; to wear away or make sore 
by rubbing; ( irritate; annoy: n. 
mental irritation caused by contin- 
ued annoyance; vexation: v.i. to be 
worn by friction; be irritatedjor an- 
noyed ; fret. 

chafer (cha/f er), n. the cockchafer. 

chaff (chaf), n. the husk of grain, 
especially when separated by thresh- 
ing, &c; straw or hay cut fine for 
cattle ; anything worthless. 

chaff (chaf), v.t. to banter; make 
game of: v.i. to use bantering lan- 
guage: n. banter. 

chaffer (ch&f'er), n. the act of bar- 
gaining: v.i. to haggle about a pur- 
chase. 

chaffinch (chaf 'inch), n. a bird, so 
named from its feeding on grain. 

chafing-dish (-dish), n. a small 
portable grate for coals; a vessel to 
hold live coal to keep meat, &c, hot 

chagrin (sha-grin' or -gren'), vexa- 
tion due to disappointment; ill- 
humor; mortification: v.t. to excite 
vexation in; mortify. 

chain (chan),_ n. a connected series 
of links or rings fitted into one an- 
other; a bond; a measure of 100 
links = 66 ft. ; the warp threads of 



a web: v.t. to fasten, secure, or con- 
nect with a chain; enslave; to unite 
firmly ; fasten. 

chain-gang (-gang), n. a gang of 
convicts working together in chains. 

chain-mail (-mal), n. flexible armor 
formed of metal links interwoven. 

chain-stitch (-stich), n. an orna- 
mental stitch resembling a chain ; a 
loop-stitch made by a sewing ma- 
ckine. 

chaise (shaz), n. a light two-wheeled 
carriage; a carriage in general. 

chalcedony (kal'se-do-ni or kal-sed'- 
o-ni), a cryptocrystalline variety of 
quartz, resembling diluted milk. 
Also calcedony. 

chaldron (chawl'dron), n. a measure 
for coke = 36 bush. (25^ cwt.). 

chalet (sha-la/), n. a Swiss cottage 
or herdsman's dwelling; a small 
country house built in such style. 

chalice (chal'is), n. a cup; a Euchar- 
ist cup. 

chalk (chawk), n. a soft limestone 
rock composed of carbonate of lime; 
prepared chalk for drawing: v.t. to 
mark, rub, or manure with chalk. 

challenge (chal'enj), n. an invitation 
to a contest ; a summons to fight ; a 
duel; an objection taken to a voter 
or juror; the demand of a soldier on 
sentry: v.t. to summons to a con- 
test; invite to a duel; defy; take 
exception to. 

challis (share), n. a light all-wool 
fabric. 

chalybeate (ka-lib'e-at), adj. im" 
pregnated with iron. 

chamber (cham'ber), n. an apart- 
ment; especially a bedroom; a pri- 
vate room; a political or commercial 
body; a cavity; that part of a gun, 
&c, which contains the charge: pi. 
a suite of rooms; a judge's private 
room: v.t. to inclose; furnish with 
a chamber. 

chamberlain (cham'ber'lan), n. an 
officer who has charge of the private 
apartments of a sovereign or noble- 
man; a male servant who has charge 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met> mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CHAMELEON 



155 



CHAPITER 



of a suite of rooms; the treasurer of 
a city or corporation. 

chameleon (ka-me'le-un), n. an in- 
sectivorous lizard-like reptile, pos- 
sessing the power of changing its 
color. 

chamfer (cham'fer), n. a small fur- 
row cut in wood or metal; a bevel: 
v.t. to groove, channel or flute. 

champ (champ), v.t. to bite with the 
teeth repeatedly and impatiently: 
n. the act of champing. 

champagne (sham-pan'), n. a light 
sparkling effervescent wine. 

champaign (sham-pan'), n. flat open 
country: adj. level, open. 

champerty (eham'per-ti), n. the 
maintenance of a party in a suit on 
condition that, if successful, the 
property is to be shared. 

champion (cham'pi-un), n. one who 
defends the cause of another, by 
combat or other means; a hero; 
valiant warrior; a successful com- 
petitor against all rivals: v.t. to de- 
fend or support a cause. 

chance (chans), n. an unforeseen 
event; an accident; a possibility; 
opportunity; risk: v.i. to happen; 
occur without design or expectation : 

j v.t. to risk (with it). 

chancel (chan'sel), n. that part in a 
church where the altar stands; the 
sanctuary. 

chancellor (chan'sel- er), n. a judge 
of a court of equity or chancery; 
the president or highest official of 
a university; a vicar-general; the 
president of the German Federal 
Council. 

chance-medley (-med'li), n. justi- 
fiable homicide in self-defense. 

chancery (chan'ser-i), n. originally 
in England, next to Parliament, the 
highest Court of Justice, since 1873 
a division of the High Court of Jus- 
tice; a court of Equity. 

chandelier (shan-de-ler'), n. a hang- 
ing frame with branches for lights. 

chandler (chand'ler), n. a maker or 
vendor of candles; a dealer or mer- 
chant. 



changeability (chanj-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
liability to change. 

changeling (chanj'ling), n. a child 
left in place of another; an idiot; a 
waverer. 

channel (chan'el), n. the bed of a 
stream; a watercourse; the deepest 
part of a strait, bay, harbor, &c; a 
wide arm of the sea extending in- 
land; a groove; a medium of con- 
veyance: pi. planks bolted to the 
outside of a ship to extend the rig- 
ging: v.t. to cut into a channel; 
groove. 

chant (chant), v.t. to sing; intone: 
v.i. make melody with the voice; go 
in full cry, as hounds: n. a song; a 
solemn or monotonous song. 

chantey (ehan'ti), n. a song sung 
by sailors at work; marked by a 
strongly denned measure or accent. 

chanticleer (chan'ti-kler), n. a cock. 

chaos (ka'os), n. the confused matter 
out of which the universe was 
formed; confusion. 

chaotic (ka-ot'ik), adj. resembling 
chaos. 

chap (chap, or chop), n. one of the 
jaws or its fleshy covering (usually 
pi.); the mouth of a channel. 

chaparral (chap-a-ral'), n. a dense 
thicket. 

chap-book (chap 'book), n. a small 
book, usually of fairy tales, ro- 
mances, &c, formerly hawked about 
by chapmen. 

chapeau (sha'po), n. [pi. chapeaux 
(-poz)], a hat or head covering. 

chapel (chap 'el), n. a subordinate 
place of public worship; a place of 
worship in a palace, institution, &c; 
a nonconformist place of worship; 
an association of journeymen in a 
printing house. 

chaperon (shap'er-on), n. a married 
lady who accompanies young ladies 
in public: v.t. to act as a chaperon 
to. 

chapf alien (chap'faw-len), adj. de- 
jected. 

chapiter (chap'i-ter), n. the upper 
part or capital of a pillar. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CHAPLAIN 



156 



CHASE 



chaplain (chap'lin), n. a clergyman 
who performs service in the army, 
navy, a public institution, a royal or 
private household. 

chapet (chap 'let), ft. a wreath or 
garland encircling the head:; a 
rosary; a round molding carved into 
beads, olives, &c. 

chapman (chap'man), ft. [pi. chap- 
men ('men)], formerly a merchant 
or trader; a hawker. 

chappie (chap'i), n. familiar for 
chap. 

chapter (chap'ter), n. a division of a 
book; the clergy of a cathedral or 
collegiate church; a meeting of cer- 
tain organized societies or orders. 

char (char), ft. work by the day; a 
single job; a chore: v.i. to work in 
the house of another by the day; do 
odd jobs; do chores. 

char (char), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. charred, 
p.pr. charring], burn or reduce to 
charcoal; burn partially. 

character (kar'ak-ter), n. a letter, 
sign, or figure; distinctive qualities 
or traits; moral excellence; a cer- 
tificate as to conduct or ability. 

characteristic (kar-ak-ter-is'tik) , 
adi. pertaining to or indicating the 
character. 

characterize (kar'ak-ter-iz), v.t. de- 
scribe by peculiar qualities; mark 
or distinguish. 

charade (sha-rad'), ft. an acted 
enigma. 

charcoal (char'kol), ft. wood partially 
burnt; impure carbon. 

charge (charj), v.t. to rush on or at- 
tack; load; fill up; impose; com- 
mand or enjoin; instruct; accuse; 
place on the debit side. 

chargeable (char'ja-bl), adj. liable 
to be charged; ratable; burdensome. 

charge d'affaires (shar-zha/da-far'), 
ft. [pi. charges (-shar-zha-) ], a 
government official who acts for an 
ambassador in his absence, or at a 
court to which no ambassador is ac- 
credited. 

charger (charj 'er), n. a cavalry horse; 
a large dish. 



chariot (char'i-ot), n. an ancient two- 
wheeled car for war, state pro- 
cessions, racing, &c; a four-wheeled 
pleasure carriage. 

charioteer (char-i-o-ter'), n. one who 
drives a chariot. 

charitable (char'i-ta-bl), adj. benevo- 
lent in disposition; kind and liberal. 

charity (char'i-ti), n. [pi. charities 
(-tiz) ], the disposition to think well 
of others; liberality; alms; univer- 
sal love; an institution for the poor; 
a gift in trust for a benevolent 
object. 

charivari (shar-i-va'ri), n. a mock 
serenade of discordant music. 

charlatan (shar'la-tan), ft. a quack. 

charlotte russe (shar'lut rus), ft. 
whipped cream enclosed in sponge- 
cake. 

charm (charm), ft. a spell or en- 
chantment ; an allurement ; a trinket. 

charmeuse (shar'moos), ft. a soft, 
clinging satin. 

charnel (char'nel), adj. containing 
flesh or dead bodies. 

chart (chart), ft. a map of any part 
of the sea, river, &c, for the use of 
mariners; the representation of a 
ship's course; a mariner's compass; 
a sheet giving information in tabu- 
lar form: v.t. to lay down, or de- 
lineate on a chart; map out: v.i. to 
make a chart or map. 

charter (char'ter), ft. a document be- 
stowing certain rights and privi- 
leges: v.t. to charter-party. 

charter-party (-par'ti), ft. a written 
agreement relating to the hire of 
a vessel and its cargo: v.t. to let 
or hire by charter-party. 

chartography (kar-tog'ra-fi), ft. the art 
or business of drawing charts or maps. 

Chartreuse (shar-trez'), ft. a cele- 
brated liqueur made by the monks of 
La Grand Chartreuse, France. 

chary (char'i), adj. cautious; sparing. 

chase (chas), v.t. to pursue; capture 
or kill; hunt; drive away: v.i. to 
ride or hunt rapidly: ft. eager or 
vehement pursuit; hunting; open 
ground for preserving deer. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CHASE 



157 



CHEMICAL 



chase (chas), n. a groove; an iron 
frame for securing types; that part 
of a cannon in front of the trun- 
nions: v.t. to work or emboss (pre- 
cious metals); cut, as the thread of 
a screw. 

chasm (kazm), n. a deep gap or open- 
ing in the earth; a void space. 

chassepot (shas'po), n. a French 
breech-loading rifle. 

chasseur (sha-ser'), n. a domestic 
dressed in military or hunting cos- 
tume; a French light-armed foot or 
cavalry soldier. 

chassis (shas-se'), n. the mechanical 
parts of an automobile. 

chaste (chast), adj. morally pure; 
modest; pure in style; refined. 

chasten (chas'n), v.t. to punish for 
the purpose of reformation; purify; 
refine. 

chastise (chas-tiz'), v.t. to correct by 
punishment; reduce to order or obe- 
dience. 

chastity (chas'ti-ti), n. moral and 
sexual purity. 

chateau (sha-to'), n. [pi. chateaux, 
(-toz') ], a castle; a manor house or 
country seat; the name of various 
French wines. 

chatelaine (shat'e-lan), n. a bunch 
of chains to which are attached trin- 
kets, &c, worn at the waist by la- 
dies. 

chattel (chat'el), n. personal prop- 
erty except freehold (usually in pi.). 

chatty (chat'i), adj. talkative, uncon- 
ventional. 

chauffeur (sho-fer'), n. an operator 
of an automobile; an automobilist : 
fern, chauffeuse (sho-fez'). 

chauvinism (sho'vin-izm), n. blind 
and unreasoning attachment to a 
fallen cause; exaggerated political 
or party fanaticism. 

cheap (chep), adj. purchasable for a 
low price; common; of small value. 
eat (chet), n. a fraud or decep- 
"on; one who cheats: v.t. to deceive 
defraud; impose upon: v.i. to act 
a cheat. 
k (chek), n. a restraint; a re- 



proof; a pass, ticket, or token; a 
term in chess; cloth woven in 
squares of alternate patterns; an 
order or draft* on a bank or banker 
for money: v.t. to restrain; stop; 
reprove; examine by comparison; 
mark as having been examined; to 
place an opponent's king in danger 
at chess; mark in small squares. 

checker (chek'er), n. checker-board; 
one of the squares of a checkered 
pattern; piece with which to play 
checkers: pi. game played on a 
checker-board; draughts: v.t. to 
mark- or decorate with checkers; 
variegate. 

checker-board, n. board on which 
the game of checkers is played. 

checkmate (chek'mat), n. the win- 
ning move at chess when the oppo- 
nent's king cannot move out of 
check; a complete defeat from 
which there is no escape: v.t. to 
give checkmate to; defeat utterly; 
thwart. 

cheep (chep), n. a shrill noise, as 
that of a young chicken, or a 
mouse: v.i. to make such a noise. 

cheeper (chep'er), n. a young game 
bird. 

cheer (cher), n. temper or state of 
mind; a state of gladness or joy; a 
shout of applause; tidings; luck: 
v.t. to gladden; encourage; applaud 

cheerily (cher'i-li), adv. heartily. 

cheery (cher'i), adj. cheerful; gay. 

cheese (ches), n. the curd or casein 
of milk coagulated, pressed and al- 
lowed to dry in a mold; anything 
resembling cheese. 

cheese-cake ('kak), n. a confection 
of soft curds, butter, and sugar. 

cheese-paring (-par'ing), adj. nig- 
gardly. 

cheetah (che'ta), n. the hunting 
leopard of India. Also chetah. 

chef (shef), n. a head or professional 
cook. 

chef-d'oeuvre (sha-de'vr), n. [pi. 
chefs-d'oeuvre (sha-deVr) ], a mas- 
terpiece. 

chemical (kem'i-kal), adj. pertain- 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CHEMICO-ELECTRIC 



158 



CHIEF 



ing to chemistry: n. a chemical sub- 
stance. 

chemico-electric (kem-i-ko-e-lek'- 
trik), adj. depending upon electric 
activity produced by chemical 
means. 

chemise (she-mez'), n. a woman's 
undergarment; a wall lining an 
earthwork. 

chemisette (shem-i-zef), n. a short 
chemise worn over the breast. 

chemist (kem'ist), n. one skilled in 
chemistry; a dealer in drugs and 
medicines; an analyst. 

chemistry (kem'is-tri), n. the sci- 
ence which treats of the properties 
of elementary and compound sub- 
stances and the laws which govern 
their molecular and atomic relations. 

chenille (she-neT), n. silk or worsted 
cord. 

cheque (chek), n. an order or draft 
on a banker or bank, payable to 
the bearer; check. 

cherish (cher'ish), v.t. to hold or 
esteem dear; treat with tenderness; 
protect and aid; encourage; harbor 
in the mind. 

cheroot (she-root'), n. a kind of 
cigar. 

cherub (cher'ub), n. [pi. cherubs 
'ubz), cherubim ('oo-bim)], an angel 
next to a seraphim in rank; a beauti- 
ful child [pi. cherubs]. 

chess (ches), n. a game played by 
two persons with 16 pieces each on 
a checkered board divided into 64 
squares. 

chest (chest), n. a large box; the 
quantity such a box contains; the 
breast or thorax; a certain quantity 
of goods. 

chestnut (ches'nut), n. the nut or 
seed of trees of the genus Castanea; 
the chestnut-tree with its edible 
fruit; a reddish-brown color; a horse 
of such color; an old or stale joke: 
adj. reddish-brown. 

chesty (ches'ti), adj. vain; conceited; 
strutting with chest thrown out; 
supercilious. 



cheval-glass (she-val'glas), n. a large 
swing looking-glass. 

chevalier (shev-a-ler'), n. a knight; 
a horseman; a member or knight of 
an honorable order; the lowest title 
of rank of the old French nobility; 
a gallant. 

chevaux-de-frise (shev-oo-de-frez'), 
n.pl. a fence constructed of a bar 
armed with long spikes. 

Cheviot (chev'i-ot), n. a sheep bred 
, on the Cheviot Hills; a rough cloth 
made from its wool. 

chevron (shev'ron), n. a term in 
heraldry; the badge on the coat 
sleeve of a non-commissioned officer, 
indicative of his rank; a variety 
of fret ornament. 

chiaroscuro (ki-ar-os-ko5'ro), n. the 
treatment of light and shade in 
painting, drawing, or engraving: 
adj. pertaining to such treatment. 

chic (shek), adj. stylish: n. Parisian 
elegance in dress; manual dexterity. 

chicane (shi-kan'), n. mean or un- 
fair artifices to obscure the truth; 
sophistry. Also chicanery: v.t. to 
cheat: v.i. use artifices. 

chick (chik), n. the young of a bird, 
especially of the domestic hen: hence 
a child. 

chickadee (chik'a-de), n. the Ameri- 
can black-cap titmouse. 

chicken-pox (-poks), n. a mild erup- 
tive disease of children; varicella. 

chick-pea (chik'pe), n. a plant the 
roasted seed of which forms the 
pulse of the East. 

chickweed (chik'wed), n. a common 
wild plant with white blossoms. 

chicory (chik'o-ri), n. a perennial 
plant with bright blue flowers and - 
a tapering root, which, when roast- 
ed and ground, is used to mix with 
coffee. 

chide (chid), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. chid, 
chode, p.p. chidden, chid, p.pr. chid- 
ing], to find fault with; scold: v.i. 
to clamor. 

chief (chef), n. a commander o, 
leader; a head or principal person 
the principal or most important 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boor* 
book; hue, hut; think, 2Aen. 



CHIEFTAIN 



159 



CHIPMUNK 



part: adj. principal; most eminent; 
of the first order, rank, or estima- 
tion; leading; main. 

chieftain (chef 'tan), n. a captain, 
leader, or commander; the head of 
a class or tribe. 

chiffon (shif'un, French she-fong'), 
n. a kind of thin gauze fabric. 

chiffonier (shif-o-ner'), n. a piece of 
furniture fitted with drawers and 
shelves used as a sideboard; a rag 
gatherer. 

chignon (she-nyong'), n. a roll of 
natural or artificial hair worn by 
women over a pad at the back of 
the head. 

chigoe (chig'o), n. a species of West 
Indian and South American flea 
which burrows beneath the skin of 
the feet, and breeding there produces 
ulcers. Also jigger. 

chikara (chi-ka'ra), n. the four- 
horned antelope of Bengal. 

chilblain (chil'blan), n. a sore or 
inflammation caused by frost or 
cold: v.t. to afflict with chilblains. 

childe (child), n. a term formerly 
applied to the scions of knightly 
houses before their admission into 
knighthood. 

chiliad (kil'i-ad), n. 1,000; a thou- 
sand years. 

chill (chil), n. a sudden coldness; 
the absence of heat in a substance; 
the hardened part of a casting: adj. 
having the sensation of cold; de- 

I pressing; discourteous: v.t. to make 
cold; blast with cold; deject; 
harden cast iron by sudden cooling. 
lilli (chil'i), n. [pi. chillies (-iz) ], 
the dried pod of a capsicum. Also 
chile, chili, 
liloplasty (ki'lo-plas-ti), n. the 
transplantation of healthy skin to a 
diseased lip. 
limera (ki-me'ra), n. an incon- 
gruous conception of the fancy; a 
cartilaginous fish of remarkable ap- 
pearance. 
chime (chim), n. the musical har- 
mony produced by striking a set of 
bells with hammers; a set of bells 



tuned to the musical scale and 
struck with hammers: v.i. to sound 
in consonance or harmony; be in 
harmony or agree with; join in: 
v.t. to cause to sound in harmony. 
chimerical (ki-mer'ik-al), adj. mere- 
ly imaginary; fantastic; unreal. 
chimney (chim'ni), n. [pi. chimneys 
('niz) ], the flue, vent, or passage 
through which smoke or heated air, 
&c, escapes; a glass tube for a 
lamp to intensify combustion. 
chimpanzee (chim-pan'ze), a large 
West Indian anthropoid ape allied 
to the gorilla. 
china (chi'na), n. a fine kind of 
porcelain: adj. of, or from, China; 
of, or made of, china. 
chinch (chinch), n. a fetid insect 
destructive to corn crops; the bed- 
bug. 
chinchilla (chin-chiTa), n. a small 
South American rodent with a soft 
fine fur. 
chine (chin), n. the backbone or 
spine of an animal; a piece of the 
backbone of an animal with adja- 
cent parts cut for cooking; a rocky 
ravine or large fisfure in a cliff. 
Chinese (chi-nez'J, adj. of, or per- 
taining to, China. 
chink m (chingk), n. a small fissure 
opening lengthwise; a narrow aper- 
ture: v.i. to crack; to form into or 
close up cracks. 
chink (chingk), n. a sharp metallic 
or jingling sound; money: v.t. to 
caiise to make a sharp metallic 
sound; jingle. 
chinkapin (ching'ka-pin), n. the 
dwarf chestnut of the United States, 
or its nut. 
chinse (chins), v.t. to force oakum 
or tow in (the chinks or seams be- 
tween the planking of a ship); calk 
temporarily. 
chintz (chints), n. cotton cloth, 
usually glazed, printed in various 
colors. 
chipmunk (chip'mungk), n. a small 
squirrel of North America, having 
dark and light stripes on its back. 



ate, arm, ask, at awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CHIPPER 



160 



CHORUS 



chipper (chip'er), adj. active; pert. 

chirography (ki-rog'ra-fi), n. the art 
of writing or engrossing; judgment 
of character by the handwriting. 

chiromancy (kl'ro-man-si), n. palm- 
istry. 

chiropodist (ki-rop'6-dist), n. one 
who removes corns, bunions, &c, 
and is skilled in diseases of the feet 
and hands. 

chiropractic (ki-ro-prak'tik), n. a 
treatment to cure disease by manipu- 
lation of the spine. 

chirp (cherp), n. a short, shrill, cheer- 
ful note: v.i. to utter such a note. 

chisel (chiz'el), n. an edged instru- 
ment of iron or steel for cutting 
wood, stone, or metal: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. chiseled, p.pr. chiseling], to cut, 
pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel ; 
to take an unfair advantage of in a 
transaction. 

chit (chit), n. a child; a pert forward 
girl. 

chit-chat (-chat), n. familiar talk. 

chivalresque (shiv-al-resk'), adj. of, 
or pertaining to, chivalry; chival- 
rous. 

chivalrous (shiv'aljjrus), adj. relating 
to chivalry; warlike; high-spirited; 
gallant. 

chivalry (shiv'al-ri), n. the mediaeval 
system of knighthood; knights col- 
lectively: the qualifications of a 
knight, as bravery, nobleness, 
courtesy, respect for womanly dig- 
nity and chastity, &c; tenure of 
land by knight's service. 

chloral (klo'ral), n. a strong narcotic. 

chloric acid (as'id), n. an acid con- 
taining hydrogen, oxygen, and chlo- 
rine. 

chlorine (klo'rin), n. a greenish- 
yellow gas possessing great bleach- 
ing powers. 

chloroform (klo'ro-f6rm),, n. a vola- 
tile liquid used for producing in- 
sensibility to pain: v.t. to adminis- 
ter chloroform to. 

chlorophyll (klo'ro-fil), n. the green 
coloring matter in plants. 

chlorosis (klo-ro'sis), n. a disease 



affecting young women, character- 
ized by anemia. 

chocolate (chok'o-lat), n. a paste 
made from the roasted kernels of 
the cacao-nut, used in making the 
beverage so called: adj. having the 
color of, or made of, chocolate. 

choice (chois), n. the act of choosing; 
option; the thing chosen; the best 
or preferable part: adj. select; care- 
fully chosen. 

choir (kwir), n. a band of singers in 
a church; the place where they sing. 

choke-damp (-damp), n. carbonic 
acid generated in mines. 

choler (ko'ler), n. bile; irascibility. 

cholera (kol'er-a), n. a disease with 
violent vomiting and purging. 

choleric (kol'er-ik), adj. quick-tem- 
pered; prone to anger; bilious. 

choose (chooz), v.t. [p.t. chose, p.p. 
chosen, p.pr. choosing!, to take by 
preference; select: v.i. to make a 
choice; prefer. 

chops (chops), n.pl. the sides of the 
mouth of a river, channel, &c. 

chopsticks (chop'stiks), n.pl. two 
small sticks used in China for eating. 

chop-suey (chop-soo'i), n. a favorite 
dish of the Chinese; made of stewed 
meats, flour or meal; with sauces 
cooked in the mixture. 

choral (ko'ral), adj. of, or pertaining to, 
a choir; chanted or sung by a choir. 

chorale (ko'ral), n. a simple sacred 
melody or hymn sung in unison. 

chorally (-li), adv. in the manner of 
a chorus. 

chord (kord), n. the string of a musi- 
cal instrument; notes in harmony; 
harmony of color; a straight line join- 
ing the ends of the arc of a circle: v.t. 
to string, as a musical instrument. 

chores (chorz), n.pl. the daily light 
work of a farmyard or household. 

chorister (kor'is-ter), n. a member 
of a choir. 

chortle (chort'ul), v. to chuckle 
loudly. 

chorus (ko'rus), n. a number singing 
in concert; that part of a musical 
composition in which the company 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
' book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CHOUGH 



161 



CHUB 



join the singer; a concerted piece 
of music. 

chough (chuf), n. a bird like a jack- 
daw. 

chouse (chous), v.t. to cheat; swindle. 

chow-chow (chou'chou), adj. an East 
Indian mixed pickle. 

chowder (chou'der), n. a dish of 
fresh fish; clams stewed together 
with pork and biscuits, &c. 

chrism (krizm), n. consecrated oil. 

christen (kris'n), v.t. to baptize in 
the name of the Holy Trinity; give 
a Christian name to. 

Christendom (kris'n-dum), n. coun- 
tries whose inhabitants profess the 
Christian faith; Christians collec- 
tively. 

Christian (kris'chan), n. a profes- 
sor of the religion of Christ: adj. 
professing the religion of Christ. 

Christian era (e'ra), n. the present 
era reckoned from the birth of 
Christ. 

Christian Science (si'ens), n. a 
religious system founded by Mary 
Baker Eddy in 1866; taking as its 
fundamental .doctrine the Scriptures 
and teachings of Jesus; elucidated 
and set forth in the text-book of 
the Christian Scientists, "Science 
and Health." 

Christianity (kris-chi-an'i-ti), n. the 
precepts and doctrines taught by 
Christ. 

hristianization (kris-chan-iz-a/- 
shun), n. the act or process of con- 
verting to Christianity. 

Christianize (kris'chan-iz), v.t. to 
convert to Christianity. 

Christmas (kris'mas), n. the festival 
(Dec. 25) celebrating the birth of 

. Christ. 

Christmas tide (-tid), n. Christmas 
Eve (Dec. 24) to Epiphany (Jan. 6). 
romascope (kro'ma-skop), n. an 
instrument to show the optical ef- 
fects of color. 

ir ornate (kro'mat), n. a salt of 
chromic acid. 

chromatic (kro-mat'ik), adj. relat- 
ing to colors; including notes not 



belonging to the diatonic scale: n. 
a note affected by an accidental; pi. 
that branch of optics which treats 
of colors. 

chromo (kr5'mo), n. [pi. chromos 
('moz) ], a chromo-lithograph or pic- 
ture produced by chromo-lithog- 
raphy. 

chromosphere (kro'mo-sfer), n. the 
rose-colored outer envelope of the 
sun. 

chronic (kron'ik), adj. continuing a 
long time, or recurring; said of a 
disease. 

chronogram (kron'o-gram) , n. an 
inscription which includes in it the 
date of some event. 

chronograph (kron'o-graph) , n. an 
instrument for recording minute in- 
tervals of time. 

chronological (kron-o-lo j 'i-kal) , adj. 
relating to or containing an ac- 
count of, past events in the order 
of time. 

chronologist (kro-nol'o-jist), n. one 
versed in chronology. Also chronol- 
oger. 

chronologize (kro-nol'o-jiz), v.t. to 
arrange in historical sequence. 

chronology ('o-ji), n. [pi. chronol- 
ogies (-jiz)l, the science that treats 
of events and arranges their dates 
in proper sequence. 

chronometer (kro-nom'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for measuring time with 
extreme accuracy. 

chrysalis (kris'a-lis), n. the final 
stage through which a lepidopterous 
insect, or a butterfly, passes prior 
to its winged state. 

chrysanthemum (kris-an'the-mum) , 
n. a composite plant with large 
heads of showy flowers; a flower of 
this plant. 

chrysolite (kris'o-llt), n. a green- 
colored and sometimes transparent 
gem. 

chrysoprase (kris'o-praz), n. a va- 
riety of chalcedony of apple-green 
color. 

chub (chub), n. a fresh-water fish. 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ra 



CHUBBY 



162 



CINCH 



chubby (chub'i), adj. plump; fat 
and round.. 

chuck (chuk), v.t. to make a noise 
like a hen calling to her chickens: n. 
a hen's call. 

chuck (chuk), v.t. to pat in a play- 
ful manner; throw smartly to a 
short distance; hold in a chuck: n. 
a light blow under the chin; a short 
toss; an appendage to a lathe to 
secure the work to be turned. 

chuckle (chuk'l), n. a quiet, sup- 
pressed laugh: v.i. to laugh in such 
a manner. 

chum (chum), n. one who lodges in 
the same apartment; a college stu- 
dent; an old or intimate friend: v.i. 
[p.t. & p.p. chummed; p.pr. chum- 
ming], to occupy the same room. 

chump (chump), n. a short, thick, 
heavy piece of wood. 

chunky (chungk'i), adj. short and 
thick. 

Church (cherch), n. the collective 
body of Christians; a particular 
body of Christians; the clergy. 

Churchman (-man), n. an adherent 
of the Established Church; an Epis- 
copalian. 

churchwarden ('wawr-dn), n. in 
the Anglican Church, one of two 
officers chosen at Easter in every 
parish to attend to the secular af- 
fairs of the church, and to act as 
the legal representatives of the 
parish; a long clay pipe. 

churl (cherl), n. formerly one of the 
lowest orders of freemen; a peasant; 
a surly ill-bred person; a niggard. 

churn (chern), n. a vessel in which 
milk or cream is agitated to form 
butter: v.t. to make (butter) by agi- 
tating milk or cream; agitate by 
violent motion. 

chute (shoot), n. an inclined trough 
for sending articles down; an aquat- 
ic switch-back; a river-fall over 
which timber is floated; a stampede; 
a bayou. 

chyle (kil), n. a milk-like fluid sepa- 
rated from digested matter in the 
stomach, absorbed by the lacteal 



vessels, and assimilated into blood. 

chyme (kirn), n. the pulpy mass of 
digested food prior to the separa- 
tion of the chyle. 

cicada (si-ka'da), n. [pi. cicadae 
('de) ], a genus of insects having 
the power of producing a shrill 
sound. 

cicatrix (sik'a-triks), n. [pi. cicatrices 
(-tri-sez) ], the scar remaining after 
a wound has healed. 

cicatrize (sik'a-triz) , v.t. to heal (a 
wound) by inducing the skin to 
form a cicatrix. 

cicerone (sis-e-ro'ne; Italian che-cha- 
ro'ne), n. [pi. cicerones (-nez), cice- 
roni ('ne) ], a guide who explains 
the antiquities and chief features 
of a place. 

Cid (sid), n. a chief or commander, 
especially in Spanish literature; the 
hero, Ruy Diaz, the Christian cham- 
pion against the Moors; the name 
of a Spanish epic. 

cider (si'der), n. the juice of apples 
expressed and fermented. 

ci devant (se-de-vang'), adj. former: 
used with reference* to an office 
previously held. 

cierge (serg), n. a wax candle used 
in religious processions. 

cigar (si-gar'), n. a small roll of to- 
bacco-leaf used for smoking. 

cigarette (sig-a-ref), n. a small ci- 
gar made of tobacco rolled in thin 
paper. 

cilia (sil'i-a), n.pl. the hair of the 
eyelids; long minute hair-like ap- 
pendages on the margins of vege- 
table bodies; the very minute vibra- 
tile filaments lining or covering 
certain organs. 

ciliated (sil'i-a-ted), adj. covered 
with cilia. 

Cimmerian (kim- or sim-e'ri-fin), 
adj. pertaining to the Cimmerii, a 
fabulous people mentioned by Homer 
as living in perpetual darkness: 
hence intensely dark; gloomy. 

cinch (sinch), n. a saddle girth firm- 
ly fastened in place by loop and 
knots; a sure grip or hold. 



•gte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CINCHONA 



cinchona (sin-ko'na), n. a South 
American tree which yields quinine. 

cincture (singk'tur), n. a, belt or 
girdle worn round the waist; a 
raised or carved ring at the bottom 
and top of a pillar. 

cinder (sin'der), n. any piece of a 
body thoroughly burnt but not re- 
duced to ashes: pi. volcanic scoriae; 
slag. 

cinematograph (sin-e-mat'o-graf), n. 
a French device similar to the 
biograph. 

cinerary (sin'e-ra-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or containing, ashes: applied to 
sepulchral urns. 

cinnabar (sin'a-bar), n. red sulphide 
of mercury. 

cinnamon (sin'a-mun), n. the inner 
aromatic bark of an East Indian 
tree: adj. light-reddish brown. 

cinque (singk), n. a five. 

cinque-foil (-foil), n. a plant of the 
genus Potentilla; five fingers; an 
architectural ornamentation resem- 
bling five leaves. 

cipher (si'fer), n. the symbol 0: 
hence a person or anything without 
value or power; a monogram; a 
secret manner of writing, or the key 
to it; a code: v.i. to practice arith- 
metic; to sound independently of the 
player: v.i. to express in cipher. 

circlet (serk'let), n. a small circle. * 
ircuit (ser'ket), n. the act of going 
round anything; the space enclosed 
a circle; the journey of a judge 
m one place to another to hold 
izes; a district assigned to an 
tinerant preacher; the arrangement 
y which an electrical current is 
ept up between the two poles of a 
battery or machine; the path of the 
electric current. 

cuitous (ser-kQ'i-tus), adj. round- 
about. 

cular (ser'ku-lar), adj. round like 
a circle; ending in itself; intended 
for circulation: n. a printed or 
written letter or notice. 
rcularize (seVku-lar-Iz)', v.t. to 
make circular; send circulars to. 



163 



CIRCUMSCRIBE 



circulate (ser'ku-lat), v.t. to cause 
to pass from point to point or from 
one person to another: v.i. move 
round and return to the same point ; 
pass from hand to hand; be diffused 
or distributed; travel. 

circulation (ser-ku-la/shun), n. the 
act of moving round; passing or 
transmitting from place to place; 
the extent to which a thing is cir- 
culated; currency of money. 

circulator (ser'ku-la-ter), n. a cir- 
culating decimal. 

circum (ser'kum), a prefix —around, 
forming compounds the meaning of 
many of which is obvious, as cir- 
curapolar, around the pole, &c. 

circumambient (ser-kum-am'bient), 
adj. inclosing, or being surrounded, 
on all sides. 

circumcise (ser'kum-siz), v.t. to cut 
off the foreskin or prepuce; purify 
the heart. 

circumference (ser-kum'fer-ens), n. 
the line that bounds a circle; a pe- 
riphery. 

circumflect (ser-kum-flekt'), v.t. to 
bend around. 

circumflection, n. Same as circum- 
flexion. 

circumflex (ser'kum-fleks), n. a mark 
( ~ ~ * ) over a vowel or syllable 
to denote accent or contraction: 
adj. marked with such an accent; 
curved or winding: v.t. to pro- 

• nounce or mark with the circumflex. 

circumflexion (ser-kum-flek'shun), n. 
the act of marking with a circumflex. 

circumfuse (ser-kum-fuz'), v.t. to 
pour or spread around. 

circumjacent (ser-kum-j a/sent), adj. 
lying around; bordering on every 
side. 

circumlocution (ser-kum-lo-ku'- 
shun), n. a roundabout way of speak- 
ing; an indirect mode of statement. 

circumnavigate (ser-kum-nav'i-gat), 
v.t.. to sail round: usually the globe. 

circumnavigator (ser-kum-nav'i-ga- 
ter), n. one who circumnavigates. 

circumscribe (ser-kum-skrib')> v.t. 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CIRCUMSPECT 



164 



CLAIRVOYANCE 



to inclose within certain lines or 
boundaries; restrict. 

circumspect (ser'kum-spekt), adj. 
cautious; prudent; watchful on all 
sides. 

circumspection (ser-kum-spek'- 
shun), n. caution; watchfulness on 
every side; prudence. 

circumstance (ser'kum-stans), n. 
something relative or appendent to 
a fact; an incident: jp£. state of af- 
fairs: v.t. to place in a particular 
situation [only in p.p.). 

circumstantial (ser-kum-stan'shal), 
n. something incidental and sub- 
ordinate to the main subject: pi. 
incidentals: adj. accidental; de- 
tailed; proving indirectly. 

circumvallation (ser-kum-val-a/- 
shun), n. the act of throwing up 
walls or fortifications. 

circumvent (ser-kum-venf), n. to 
gain an advantage over by strata- 
gem or deception. 

circumvention (-ven'shun), n. the 
act of circumventing; a stratagem. 

circumvolution (ser-kum-vo-hY- 
shun), n. the act of rolling round; 
the state of being rolled round. 

circus (ser'kus), n. [pi. circuses 
(-ez) ], a large level oblong space 
for feats of horsemanship, &c, with 
seats for the spectators arranged 
in tiers; a semi-circular space. 

cisalpine (sis-al'pin), adj. this side 
. of the Alps with regard to Rome; 
south of the Alps. 

cisatlantic (sis-at-lan'tik), adj. on 
this side of the Atlantic Ocean. 

cistern (sis 'tern), n. a natural or ar- 
tificial receptacle for storing water; 
a reservoir. 

citable (slt'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being cited. 

citadel (sit'a-del), n. a fortress, a 
castle. 

citation (si-ta/shun), n. an official 
summons to appear before a court, 
especially an ecclesiastical court; a 
quotation. 

citatory (si'ta-to-ri), adj. having the 
form or nature of a citation; citing. 



cite (sit), v.t. to summon officially to 
appear in court; quote. 

cithara (sith'a-ra), n. an ancient lyre. 

citizen (sit'i-zen), n. a native or in- 
habitant of a town or city; a free- 
man; a member of a state or na- 
tion who enjoys political rights and 
privileges; a tradesman. 

citric acid (sit'rik as'id), n. an acid 
found in the lemon and orange. 

citron (sit'run), n. a tree with a 
fruit like the lemon. 

civet (siv'et), n. a musky secretion 
of the anal glands of the civet cat. 

civic (siv'ik), adj. pertaining to a 
city. 

civil (siv'il), adj. relating to the affairs 
of a city or government; intestine; 
non-international; not military or 
criminal; complaisant; wellbred. 

civil service (ser'vis), n. the paid 
service of the State not exclusively 
naval or military. 

civil war (wawr), n. war between 
two factions of the same country. 

civilian (si-vil'yan), n. one engaged 
in the pursuits of civil life: adj. oc- 
cupied in civil pursuits. 

civility (si-vil'i-ti), n. [pi. civilities 
(-tiz) 1, good breeding; courtesy. 

civilization (siv-i-li-za'shun), n. 
the act or state of being civilized; 
culture; refinement. 

civilize (siv'i-liz), v.t. to reclaim from 
a savage state; instruct in the arts 
and refinements of civilized life. 

claim (klam), v.t. to demand as a 
right, or by authority: v.i. to be 
entitled to anything; assert or put 
forward a claim: n. a demand; a 
right or title to anything; the thing 
claimed; a piece of land which a 
miner marks out in accordance with 
mining law. 

claimant (kla'mant), n. one who 
demands anything as his right. 

clairaudience (klar-aw'di-ens), n. the 
supposed power of hearing in a 
trance sounds otherwise inaudible. 

clairvoyance (klar-voi'ans), n. the 
power attributed to persons in a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CLAIRVOYANT 



165 



CLAVICHORD 



mesmeric state of seeing objects not 

usually perceptible. 
clairvoyant ('ant), adj. pertaining to, 

or characterized by, clairvoyance : n. 

one who professes to have the power 

of clairvoyance: fern, clairvoyante. 
clam-bake (-bak), n. clams baked 

with sea-weed; a picnic at which 

baked clams form the chief dish. 
clamber (klam'ber), v.t. to ascend 

* or climb with difficulty. 
clamminess (klam'i-nes) , n. the state 

of being clammy. 

clammy (klam'i), adj. soft and sticky. 

clamor (klam'er),' n. a loud and con- 
tinued noise; popular outcry: v.t. 
shout with a loud voice: v.i. make 
importunate demands. 

clamorous (klam'er-us), adj. vocif- 
erous. 

clamp (klamp), n. anything that 
fastens or binds; a piece of wood, 
metal, &c, used to bring two things 
together: v.t. to fasten or bind with 
clamps. 

clan (Man), n. a tribe or association 
of families united under one chief- 
tain, having one common ancestor, 
and the same surname. 

clandestine (-des'tin), adj. secret; 
private. 

clangor Cger), n. a sharp clang. 

clank (klangk), n. a sharp, hard 
metallic sound: v.t. & v.i. to rattle 
and sound, as chains. 

clannish (klan'ish), adj. pertaining 
to a clan; closely adherent. 

clapboard (klab'ord), n. a thin, 
narrow board, used for the covering 
of the sides of frame houses. 

clapper ('er), n. one who, or that 

• which, claps; the tongue of a bell; 
the clack of a mill-hopper. 

claque (klak), n. an organized body 
of men who applaud or express dis- 
approval at theaters: hence inter- 
ested admirers. 

claquer (kla-ker'), n. a member of a 
claque. 

claret (klar'et), n. a light bodied 
wine of a dark-red color; blood: adj. 
claret-colored. 



clarification (klar-i-fi-ka'shun), W 
the act of clarifying. 

clarify (klar'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
clarified, p.pr. clarifying], to make 
clear from impurities: v.i. to be- 
come bright. 

clarinet (klar'i-net), n. a keyed reed 
instrument of the oboe class. Also 
clarionet. 

clarion (klar'ri-un), n. a kind of 
trumpet. 

class meeting (met'ing), n. a class, 
under a class-leader, for religious 
instruction. 

classic (klas'ik), adj. of, or relating 
to, the highest class or rank in lit- 
erature or art; pertaining to, or 
having the characteristics of, the 
Greek or Roman authors; relating 
to localities associated with great 
authors or events; pure; refined; 
clear-cut. Also classical: n. an 
author of the first rank whose 
works serve as a standard; one 
versed in Greek and Latin litera- 
ture: pi. ancient Greek and Latin 
literature. 

classification (klas-i-fi-ka/shun), n. 
the art of forming or dividing into 



classify (klas'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
classified; p.pr. classifying], to ar- 
range in classes; systematize. 

classman (klas'man), n. [pi. class- 
men ('men) ], a student who has 
gained honors at an examination: 
opposed to passman. 

clatter (klat'er), v.i. to make a noise 
by knocking two sonorous bodies 
frequently together; talk idly and 
noisily: v.t. to strike anything to 
make a clatter: n. a continuous or 
confftsed noise; idle gossip. 

clause (klawz), n. a separate part of 
a written composition, or a sentence; 
a special proviso in a document. 

claustral (klaws'tral), adj. pertaining 
to a cloister. 

clavate (kla/vat), adj. club-shaped. 

clavichord (klav'i-kord), n. a medi- 
aeval stringed instrument. Also clari- 
chord. 



i) Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CLAVICLE 



166 



CLIMB 



clavicle (klav'i-kal), n. the collar-bone. 

clavier (kla-veV), n. the key-board of 
an organ, pianoforte, or harmonium. 

cleanliness (-nes), n. the state of 
being clean. # \ 

cleanly (klen'li), adj. neat; pure: adv. 
wholly clean. 

cleanse (klenz), v.t. to make clean; 
purify from moral impurity or guilt. 

clearance (kler'ans), n. the act of 
clearing. 

clearing (kler'ing), n. the act of 
making clear; land cleared of tim- 
ber. 

clearing-house (kler'ing-hous), n. 
an institution by which banks ad- 
just their balances. 

cleat (klet), n. a thin piece of iron 
worn on boots to make them more 
durable; a piece of wood or iron on 
the yard-arm of a ship to keep the 
ropes from slipping; a strip of wood 
nailed across a board: v.t. to secure 
or strengthen with a cleat. 

cleavable (kle-va-bl), adj. divisible. 

cleavage (kle'vaj), n. the act of 
splitting; the property of some min- 
erals and rocks of being broken in 
one or more directions. 

cleave (klev), v.i. [p.t. clave, cleaved, 
p.p. cleaved, p.pr. cleaving], to ad- 
here to; be attached strongly to. 

cleave (klev), v.t. [p.t. cleft, clove, 
p.p. cleft, cloven, cleaved, p.pr. 
cleaving], to divide with violence; 
part naturally. 

cleaver (kle'ver), n. a butcher's 
heavy hatchet for dividing carcasses. 

cleavers (kle'verz), n. goose. 

clef (kief), n. a figure at the begin- 
ning of each staff in music to indi- 
cate the pitch of all the notes on 
one particular line or space. 

cleft, p.t. & p.p. of cleave, to split. 

cleft (kleft), n. a crack; crevice. 

clematis (klem'a-tis), n. a perennial 
plant of the crowfoot family. 

clemency (klem'en-si), n. [pi. clem- 
encies (-siz) ], compassion; remis- 
sion. 

clement (klem'ent), adj. compassion- 
ate; forgiving; gentle; forbearing. 



clergy (kler'ji), n. a body of men set 
apart by ordination for the service 
of the Church. 

clergyman (-man), n. [pi. clergymen 
(-men) ], a minister. 

clerical (kler'i-kal), adj. pertaining 
to the clergy; pertaining to a clerk, 
writer, or copyist. 

clerical-error (er'er), n. an error 
in copying. 

clerk (klerk), n. a parish clerk; a 
scholar; one engaged in an office to 
conduct correspondence, keep books, 
or transact business generally; an 
assistant salesman in a store or 
shop: v.i. to act as clerk or salesman. 

clever (klev'er), adj. possessing skill 
or ability; dexterous; expert; good 
natured and obliging. 

clew (kloo), n. a ball of thread; one 
of the corners of a sail: v.t. to truss 
up (sails) to the yard of a ship. 

click (klik), v.i. to make a short 
sharp successive noise: v.t. to move 
with a clicking sound: n. a slight 
sharp sound; a catch for retaining 
a bolt. 

client (kll'ent), n. one who employs 
a lawyer; one dependent upon an- 
other's patronage. 

clientele (kli'en-tele'), n. the condi- 
tion of being a client; clients col- 
lectively. 

cliff (klif), n. high steep rock or bank. 

climacteric (kll-mak'ter-ik), n. one 
of the critical periods in human life 
when some great change is supposed 
to take place in the constitution. 

climate (kli'mat), n. the temperature 
and meteorological conditions of a 
country, &c. 

climatic (kli-mat'ik), adj. relating 
to, or connected with, climate. 

climatize (kli'ma-tiz), v.t. to accus- 
tom to a new climate. 

climatology (-tol'o-ji), n. meteor- 
ology. 

climax (kll'maks), n. the summit; 
acme. 

climb (klim), v.i. to mount or as- 
cend, as by the hands and feet: v.t. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CLIME 



167 



CLOUT 



ascend laboriously: n. an ascent by 
climbing. 

clime (klim), n. a country, region, or 
tract. 

clinch (klinch), v.t. to rivet; fix 
firmly by folding over; double up 
tightly, as the fingers; to hold fast: 
n. anything that holds both ways; a 
mode of fastening large ropes. 

cling (kling), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. clung, 
p.pr. clinging], to adhere closely; 
hold fast by embracing or entwining. 

clinic (klin'ik), n. a medical lecture 
at the bedside or in the presence of 
patients. 

clink (klingk), v.t. to strike so as to 
make a slight sharp sound: v.i. to 
make a clinking noise: n. a slight 
sharp successive vibrating noise. 

clinker ('er), n. a mass of partly 
vitrified brick; slag. 

clipper ('er),_ one who, or that which, 
clips; an instrument for cutting 
the hair of horses; a sailing vessel 
with very sharp lines and great 
spread of canvas; a person or ani- 
mal that runs swiftly; a firstrate 
person or thing. 

clique (klek), n. a group of persons 
united for some common purpose 
(usually sinister); a coterie; a ring. 

cloak (klok), n. a sleeveless, loose 
outer garment worn by both sexes: 
hence, a pretext; disguise: v.t. to 
cover with, or as with, a cloak; 
cover up or conceal. 

clockwise (Viz), adv. in the direc- 
tion of the rotation of the hands of 
a clock. 

clog (klog), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. clogged; 
p.pr. clogging], to load with any- 
thing that may impede motion; em- 
barrass: v.i. to stick or cluster to- 
gether: n. a load or weight; a hin- 
drance; a kind of wooden shoe. 

clogginess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being clogged. 

cloggy (klog'i), adj. clogging; ad- 
hesive. 

cloister (klois'ter), n. a place of re- 
ligious retirement; a monastery or 
nunnery: pi. an arched way or cov- 



ered walk running round an ecclesi- 
astical building or college: v.t. to 
confine in, or as in, a cloister or 
convent; seclude from the world. 

cloistral (klois'tr&l) , adj. pertaining 
to, or confined in, a cloister ; secluded. 

close corporation (kids kor-po-ra/- 
shun), n. a corporation in which 
vacancies are filled by its members. 

close-hauled (-hawld), adj. kept as 
near to the wind as possible. 

close port (port), n. a river port. 

close-reef (-ref), n. the last reef in 
a sail. 

close season (se'zun), n. certain 
months in the year in which it is il- 
legal to kill game, protected wild 
birds, fish, &c. 

closet (kloz'et), n. a small room for 
privacy or retirement; a place for 
storing valuable things or household 
requisites: adj. private; secluded: 
v.t. to receive in a private room for 
confidential consultation. 

closure (klo'zhur), n. the act of shut- 
ting up; that which closes; the end; 
the closing of a debate by the vote 
of the majority (the cloture): v.t. 
to end (a debate) by closure. 

clot (klot), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. clotted, 
p.pr. clotting], to coagulate; v.t. to 
make, form into, or cover with, 
clots: n. a concrete or coagulate 
mass of soft or fluid matter. 

clothe (kloth), v.t. to put raiment 
on; cover with, or as with, a gar- 
ment. 

clothes (klothz), n. pi. covering for 
the body; dress; bedclothes. 

clothier (kloth'yer), n. one who manu- 
factures or sells clothes. 

cloture. See closure. 

cloud-burst ('berst), n. a violent 
downpour of rain over a very lim- 
ited area. 

clough (kluf), n. a ravine in a rock or 
hillside; a gorge; a kind of sluice. 

clout (klout), n. a piece of cloth or 
leather for patching; a cloth for any 
mean use; the center mark of an 
archery target; an arrow that has 
hit the center; a blow on the head 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CLOVE 



168 



COASTING-TRADE 



with the hand: v.t. to patch or mend 
coarsely; strike with the hand. 

clove, p.t. of cleave. 

clove (klov), n. a pungent aromatic 
spice. 

cloven (klo'ven), p. adj. divided into 
two parts. 

clown (kloun), n. a rustic; an ill- 
bred fellow; a professional jester or 
buffoon. 

cloy (kloi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cloyed, 
p.pr. cloying], to fill to repletion; 
surfeit. 

clubbable ('a-bl), adj. having the 
qualities which fit a man to associ- 
ate in a club. 

club-foot ('foot), n. a deformed foot. 

club-haul .('hawl), v.t. to tack (a 
ship) by dropping the lee anchor as 
soon as the wind is out of the sails, 
bringing the ship's head to the wind. 

club-moss ('mos), n. thelycopodium. 

clue (klo5), n. a hint; a clew. 

clumber (klum'ber), n. a field 
spaniel. 

clump (klump), n. a cluster of trees, 
&c; a thick sole: pi. a social game: 
v.t. arrange n a clump: v.i. tread 
clumsily. 

clumsily (klum'zi-li), adv. awkward- 
ly; heavily. 

clumsy (klum'zi), adj. awkward; 
heavy. 

clung, p.t. of cling. 

cluster (klus'ter), n. a number of 
things of the same kind growing or 
collected together; a bunch: v.i. to 
grow or gather into bunches; con- 
gregate. 

clutch (kluch), v.t. to grasp, seize, or 
grip strongly: v.i. to snatch or seize 
[with at]: n. a grasp; seizure: pi. 
hands; claws. 

clyster (klis'ter), n. a liquid injected 
into the lower intestines by a syr- 
inge; an enema. 

co- (ko), a prefix, meaning with, to- 
gether, entering into the composi- 
tion of many words, the sense of 
which is generally self-evident, as 
co-trustee, a joint trustee. 

coach (koch), n. a large covered four- 



wheeled public or private carriage; 
a tutor who especially prepares an- 
other for an examination or an ath- 
letic contest: v.t. to instruct or 
train for an examination, &c. 

coagulate (ko-ag'Q-lat), v.t. to clot 
or curdle. 

coagulation (-ii-la'shun), n. the act 
of coagulating; the state of being 
coagulated. 

coagulator (-ter), n. that which 
causes coagulation. 

coagulum ('u-lum), n. [vl. coagula 
(-la) ], a clot of blood; a curdled 
mass. 

coal-tar ('tar), n. a thick opaque 
liquid distilled from bituminous coal, 
and from which many rich dye col- 
ors are obtained. 

coalesce (ko-a-les'), v.t. to grow to- 
gether; combine; unite. 

coalescence ('ens), n. the act of 
coalescing. 

coalition (ko-a-lish'un), n. union in 
a body or mass; a combination of 
persons. 

coamings (kom'ings), n.pl. the raised 
wood or iron borders of the hatches 
of a vessel. 

coaptation (ko-ap-ta'shun), n. the 
adjustment or adaptation of parts to 
one another. 

coarse (kors), adj. large in texture 
or size; not refined; rough; rude; 
indelicate. 

coarse-grained ('grand), adj. having 
a coarse grain; ill-tempered. 

coarsely (kors'li), adv. in a coarse 
manner. 

coast (kost), n. the margin of the land 
next the sea; a frontier; a slide in 
a sledge down an incline: v.i. to sail 
near or along the coast; descend 
an incline in a sledge, or on a bicycle 
without working the pedals: v.t. to 
sail close or near to. 

coaster ('er), n. a home-trading ves- 
sel; one who coasts on a sled. 

coastguard ('gard), n. a member of 
the service for watching the sea, 
originally to check smuggling. 

coasting-trade ('ing-trad), the trade 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



COASTWISE 



169 



CODEX 



carried on from port to port of the 
same country. 

coastwise ('wiz), adv. by, or along, 
the coast. 

coatee (ko-te'), n. a close-fitting coat 
with short tails. 

coat of arms (of armz), n. the em- 
blazonment of armorial bearings on 
an escutcheon. 

coat of mail (mal), n. chain-mail. 

coax (koks), v.t. to wheedle; cajole. 

coaxial (ko-ak'si-al), adj. having a 
common axis. 

cobble (kob'l), n. a pebble; a round 
medium-sized stone; clumsy work; 
v.t. to mend or patch up coarsely: 
v.i. work clumsily. 

cobbler ('ler), n. one who mends 
boots and shoes; a clumsy work- 
man; a cooling summer drink of ice, 
wine, &c. 

cobra-d e-capel lo (ko 'bra-de-ka-pel '- 
o), n. a large and most venomous 
hooded snake. 

coca (ko'ka), n. the dried leaf of a 
small South American shrub : a pow- 
erful tonic. 

cocaine (-in), n. a powerful alkaloid 
extracted from coca leaves. 

cochineal (koch'i-nel), n. a scarlet 
dye obtained from the dried body 
of an insect. 

cochlea (kok'le-a), n. [pi. cochleae 
(-e)], the spiral-shaped cavity of 
the inner ear. 

cochleate (kok'le-at), adj. screw-like. 

cock (kok), n. the male of birds, es- 
pecially the domestic fowl; the male 
of certain animals other than birds; 
a vane in the shape of a cock; a 
leader or chief; a turn- valve for reg- 
ulating the flow of a liquid or gas; 
a small conical heap of hay. 

cock (kok), v.t. to turn up or set (the 
hat or head) jauntily on one side; 
erect: n. the action of the verb to 
cock. 

cock-eyed ('id), adj. having squint- 
ing-eyes. 

cockade (-ad'), n. a badge or ribbon 
worn on the hat. 



cockatoo (-a-too'), n. a crested bird 
of the parrot family. 

cockatrice ('a-tris, or -trfs), n. sl fab- 
ulous serpent said to have been 
hatched in a cock's egg, and possess- 
ing the power of killing by a glance 
of its eye. 

cockchafer ('cha-fer), n. the Maybug. 

cockcrow ('kro), n. early morning. 

cockerel ('er-el), n. a young cock. 

cockle ('1), v.t. to contract into 
wrinkles. 

cockney (kok'ni), n. a Londoner: 
traditionally one born within sound 
of the bells of Bow Church, Cheap- 
side. 

cockpit (kok'pit), n. an enclosed 
space for cockfighting. 

cockroach ('roch), n. a black beetle. 

cocktail (kok'tal), n. a mixed alco- 
holic drink, American in its origin. 

cocoa (ko'ko), n. a palm which pro- 
duces the cocoanut. Also coco. 

cocoanut (-nut), n. the fruit of the 
cocoa palm. 

cocoon (ko-koon'), n. the silky ob- 
long case covering the larvae of 
many spinning insects while in the 
chrysalis state. 

cocoonery ('er-i), n. a building where 
silk-worms are fed when forming 
cocoons. 

cocotte (ko-kof), n. a Parisian cour- 
tezan. 

cod (kod), n. the husk or pod of a 
seed; the scrotum; the narrow part 
of a trawl-net. 

cod (kod), n. a large edible fish found 
in the northern seas, and especially 
on the banks of Newfoundland. 

coddle (kod'l)j v.t. to make effemi- 
nate by pampering; treat tenderly; 
to stew gently: n. an over-indulged 
pampered person. 

code (kod), n. a body of* classified 
laws or regulations; a system of 
signals. 

codex (ko'deks), n. [pi. codices ('di- 
sez) ], a volume of statutes; a man- 
uscript volume, especially of the sa- 
cred Scriptures. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CODGER 



170 



COLA-NUT 



codger (koj'er), n. a miser; an old 
man. 

codicil (kod'i-sil), n. an appendix to 
a will. 

codify (ko'di- or kod'i-fi)j v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. codified, p.pr. codifying], to 
reduce to a code or digest. 

codling (kod'ling), n. a young cod; 
a kind of stewing apple. 

coefficient (ko-e-fish'ent), adj. co- 
operating: n. that which cooperates 
with another; a number or known 
quantity prefixed in algebra as a 
multiplier to a variable or an un- 
known quantity. 

coerce (ko-ers'), v.t. to restrain or 
constrain by force, especially legally 
or morally; compel. 

coercible ('i-bl), adj. able to be coerced. 

coercion ('shun), n. the act of coerc- 
ing. 

coeval (ko-e'val), adj. contempora- 
neous. 

coextensive (ko-eks-ten'siv), adj. 
equally extensive. 

coffer (kof'er), n. a chest; a kind of 
caisson or floating dock; a sunken 
panel: pi. a treasury: v.t. to inclose 
in a coffer. 

cog (kog), n. the tooth, of a wheel; a 
trick: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cogged, p.pr. 
cogging], to furnish with cogs; 
weedle; to load (dice) in order to 
cheat. 

cogitate (koj'i-tat), v.i. to meditate: 
v.t. to devise or plan. 

cogitation (-ta/shun), n. the act of 
cogitating. 

cogitative (-ta-tiv), adj. meditative. 

cognac (ko'nyak), n. a French 
brandy. 

cognate (kog'nat), adj. allied by 
blood; of the same stock, nature, or 
quality. 

cognition (kog-nish'un), n. knowl- 
edge. 

cognitive (kog'ni-tiv), adj. having 
power of mental apprehension. 

cognizance (kon'i-zans), n. judicial 
knowledge or notice; perception. 

cognizant (kon'i-zant), adj. having 
knowledge of anything. 



cognomen (kog-no'men), n. a sur- 
name. 

cohabit (ko-hab'it), v.i. to dwell to- 
gether as husband and wife. 

cohere (ko-her'), v.i. to stick to- 
gether. 

coherence ('ens), n. the state or 
quality of cohering. Also coherency. 

coherent Cent), adj. cohering togeth- 
er; consistent; logical. 

coherer (ko-her-er), n. a device for 
detecting electro-magnetic waves, 
used in wireless telegraphy. 

cohesion (ko-he'zhun), n. the force 
that unites together molecules of the 
same material; coherence. 

cohesive ('siv), n. causing to cohere. 

cohort (ko'hort), n. a .body of an- 
cient Roman soldiers, the tenth part 
of a legion. 

coif (koif), n. a close cap. 

coiffeur (koi'fer), n. a hairdresser. 

coiffure (koif'ur, French kwo-fer'), 
n. a head dress. 

coign (koin), n. a corner. 

coil (koil), n. a rope gathered into a 
ring; anything resembling it : v.t. to 
gather or wind into a circular heap: 
v.i. to wind. 

coinage ('aj), n. the process of coin- 
ing; the thing coined; invention. 

coincide (ko-in-sid'), v.i. correspond 
exactly; occur at the same time; 
fall upon, or meet, in the same point. 

coincidence ^ (ko-in'si-dens), n. the 
act of coinciding. 

coincident (ko-in 'si-dent), adj. coin- 
ciding. 

coiner (koin'er), n. one who stamps 
coins, especially one who makes 
counterfeit money, 

coir (koir), n. the prepared fiber of 
the husks of cocoanuts. 

coition (ko-ish'un), n. copulation; 
conjunction: said of the moon. 

coke (kok), the residue of coal after 
the gas, &c, has been expelled: v.t. 
to convert into coke. 

colander (kul'an-der), n. a vessel 
with a perforated bottom. 

cola-nut (ko'la-nut),^ n. the large 
bitter seed of an African tree. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, | 
book; hue, hut; think, £Aen. 






COLCHICUM 



171 



COLLUSION 



colchicum (kol'chi-kum), n. the 
meadow-saffron, the seeds and bulbs 
of which are used in medicine. 

cold-blooded (-blud'ed), adj. having 
the blood below 90° Fahr. in tem- 
perature; heartless; brutal. 

coldish (kold'ish), adj. somewhat 
cold. 

cole (kol), n. cabbage plants in general. 

cole-slaw ('slaw), n. cabbage salad. 

Coleoptera (kol-e-op-ter-a), n.pl. an 
order of insects having the wings 
covered with a sheath; the beetles. 

colewort (kol'wert), n. young cabbage. 

colic (kol'ik), n. acute spasmodic pain 
in the abdomen -or bowels : adj. per- 
taining to, or affecting, the bowels. 

coliseum. See colosseum. 

collaborate (ko-lab'o-rat), v.i. to 
work jointly, especially in literary 
or scientific work. 

collaboration (-o-ra'shun), n. united 
labor. 

collaborator (-lab'o-ra-ter), n. one 
who assists another, especially in lit- 
erary or scientific work: [more usu- 
ally collaborates (-ter'), the French 
form of the word]. 

collapse (kol-aps'), n. a falling in or 
together; sudden and complete fail- 
ure; general prostration of the vital 
powers: v.i. to fall in or together; 
shrink up; break down. 

collapsible (-ap'si-bl), adj. collapsing. 

collarette (-et), n. a fichu of lace, &c. 

collate (kol'at), v.t. compare crit- 
ically one thing with another of the 
same kind, as manuscripts or text of 
books; place in an ecclesiastical 
benefice. 

collateral (kol-at'er-al), adj. side by 
side; auxiliary; concurrent; de 
scended from the same stock, but in- 
a different line. 

collation (kol-a'shun) , n. compari- 
son;' a light repast; the presentation 
to a benefice by a bishop, who is the 
patron. 

collator ('ter), n. one who collates 
manuscripts or books; the bishop 
who collates. 

colleague (kol'eg), n. an associate in 



the same office, employment, or com- 
mission. 

collect (kol'ekt), n. a short compre- 
hensive prayer. 

collect (kol-ekf), v.t. gather togeth- 
er; assemble; demand and obtain 
payment of: v.i. to meet together; 
accumulate. 

collection ('shun), n. the act of 
gathering together; a mass; a 
crowd; an assemblage of works of 
art, natural objects, &c; a contribu- 
tion to a special object; a private 
college examination. 

collective (kol-ek'tiv), adj. accumu- 
lative. 

collectivism (-izm), n. the socialis- 
tic theory that land and capital 
should be owned by society collec- 
tively. 

collector (kol-ek'ter), n. one who 
collects. 

collegian (kol-e'ji-an), n. a member 
of a college. 

collegiate (-at), adj. pertaining to, 
or containing, a college; instituted 
like a college. 

collet (kol'et), n. the part of a ring 
in which the stone is set. 

collide (kol-uF), v.i. to come into col- 
lision. 

collie (kol'i), n. a Scotch sheep-dog. 

collier (kol'yer), n. a digger of coal; 
a coal-digger; a vessel in the coal 
trade. 

colliery (-i), n. [pi. collieries (-iz) ], 
a coal mine. 

collision (kol-izh'un), n. the act of 
striking two bodies violently to- 
gether ; concussion . 

collocation (kol-o-ka'shun), n. the 
act of placing; arrangement. 

colloquial (kol-o'kwi-al), adj. used 
in ordinary conversation. 

colloquialism (-izm), n. a colloquial 
form of speech; slang. 

colloquy ('o-kwi), n. [pi. colloquies 
(-kwis) ], a conversation; a dialogue. 

collusion (kol-u'zhun), n. a secret 
agreement for a fraudulent or evil 
purpose. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



COLLUSORY 



172 



COMEDIAN 



collusory ('so-ri), adj. carrying on 
fraud by secret agreement. 

cologne water (waw'ter), n. eau-de- 
cologne. 

colon (ko'lon), n. a mark of punctua- 
tion [:]; the largest of the intes- 
tines. 

colonel (ker'nel), n. the chief officer 
of a regiment. 

colonial (ko-lo'ni-al), adj. pertaining 
to a colony. 

colon ialize (-Iz), v.t. to render colo- 
nial in character. 

colonist (kol'o-nist), n. an inhabitant 
of a colony. 

colonization (kol'o-ni-za/shun), n. the 
act of colonizing or state of being 
colonized; the temporary settle- 
ment of men in a voting district 
to qualify them as electors. 

colonize (kol'o-niz), v.t. to settle or 
establish a colony in. 

colonnade (kol-On-ad'), n. a series of 
columns. 

colony (kol'o-ni), n. [pi. colonies 
(-niz)], a body of people from their 
native country who settle in another 
land, but are under the jurisdiction 
of, or connected with, the parent 
country; the country thus settled; 
a number of animals or plants liv- 
ing or growing together. 

Colorado-beetle (kol-o-ra/do-bet'J ) , 
n. a yellowish beetle, having its 
back marked with ten longitudinal 
black stripes: it is very destructive 
to potato crops. 

colorist (-ist), n. an artist whose 
works are characterized by beauty 
of color. 

colossal (ko-los'al), adj. like a colos- 
sus; gigantic. 

colosseum (kol-o-se'um), n. the Fla- 
vian amphitheater at ancient Rome. 
Also coliseum. 

colossus (ko-los'us), n. [pi. colossi 
(-1)], a statue of gigantic size. 

colportage (kol'por-taj), n. the sys- 
tem of distributing Bibles, religious 
books, &c, by colporteurs. 

colporteur (-ter), n. one engaged in 
colportage. 



colter (kol'ter), n. plowshare; also 
spelled coulter. 

coltish ('ish), adj. like a colt; frisky. 

Columbian (ko-lum'bi-an), n. a size 
of printing-type. (See type.) 

columbine (korum-bln), adj. per- 
taining to, or like, a dove or pigeon : 
n. a plant with flowers of five petals' 

column (korum), n. a round pillar 
to support or adorn a building; any 
body of certain dimensions pressing 
vertically on its base; a division of 
the page of a book, &c; a formation 
of troops in deep files. 

columnar (ko-lum'nar), adj. having 
the form or shape of a column. 

coma (ko'ma), n. insensibility; stu- 
por. 

coma (ko'ma), n. [pi. comas ('me)], 
the nebulous hair-like envelope sur- 
rounding the nucleus of a comet; 
the aggregate of branches forming 
the leafy head of a tree. 

comatose (ko'ma-tos), adj. torpid; 
lethargic. 

combat (kom'bat), v.i. to fight; act 
in opposition: v.t. to fight with; 
oppose by force: n. a contest by 
force; a struggle. 

combatant (-ant), n. one who com- 
bats: adj. disposed to fight; bearing 
arms. 

combination (kom-bi-na/shun), n. 
the union of bodies or qualities; an 
association of persons for a com- 
mon object: pi. underclothing woven 
in one piece. 

combine (kom-bhY), v.t. to unite or 
join; link closely together: v.i. to 
unite, agree, or coalesce: n. a secret 
combination, generally for fraudu- 
lent purposes. 

combustible (kom-bus'ti-bl), adj. in- 
flammable: n. an inflammable sub- 
stance. 

combustion (-bust'yun), n. the act 
of burning; the state of being 
burnt; the union of an inflammable 
substance with oxygen, &c, produc- 
ing light and heat. 

comedian (ko-me'di-an), n. an actor 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; mS merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






COMEDY 



173 



COMMISERATE 



or player in comedy: fern, comedi- 
enne (ko-ma-di-en'). 

comedy (kom'e-di), n. [pi. comedies 
(-diz)], dramatic representation of 
the humorous or ridiculous side of 
human life. 

comeliness (kumli-nes), n. grace; 
beauty. 

comet (kom'et), n. a luminous celes- 
tial body, with an eccentric orbit, 
consisting, when perfect, of a nu- 
cleus, coma, and a tail. 

cometary ('e-ta-ri), adj. pertaining 
to a comet. 

comfit (kum'fit), n. a' dry sweetmeat. 

comfort (kum'fert), v.t. to console; 
strengthen; inspirit: n. a state of 
quiet enjoyment; consolation; en- 
couragement; a quilted bed-cover. 

comfortable ('fer-ta-bl), adj. im- 
parting or enjoying comfort. 

comforter (kum'fer-ter), n. one who 
comforts; a long woolen scarf. 

comfrey (kum'fri), n. a rough hairy 
plant. 

comic (kom'ik), or comical (-al), 
adj. exciting mirth. 

comicality ('i-ti), n. the state of 
being comical. 

comique (ko-mek'), n. a comic actor 
or singer. 

comity (kom'i-ti), n. civility; polite- 
ness; acts of international courtesy. 

comma (kom'a), n. a punctuation 
point [,]. 

commandant (-ant'), n. an officer 
in command of a fortified place or a 
body of troops. 

commandeer (kom-man-der), v.t. to 
seize for the benefit of military needs 
without process of law. 

commander ('er), n. one who com- 
mands; a naval officer next below a 
captain. 

commandment (kom-and'ment), n. 
a command; a precept; a law, es- 
pecially any one of the Decalogue. 

commando ('do), n. a military ex- 
pedition by private individuals ; the 
quasi-military expeditions of the 
English farmers and Boers of South 
Africa against the natives. 



commemorate (kom-em'o-rat), v.t. 
to call to remembrance by a solemn 
act; celebrate with honor. 

commemoration (-a'shun), n. the 
act of commemorating. 

commence (kom-ens'), v.i. to come 
into existence; begin: v.t. to enter 
upon; perform the first act of. 

commencement ('ment), n. begin- 
ning; origin; the annual festival 
when degrees, &c, are conferred at 
colleges. 

commend (kom-end'), v.i. recom- 
mend as worthy of notice; praise; 
bring to mind. 

commendation (-en-da'shun), n. the 
act of commending; approval. 

commendatory ('a-to-ri), adj. serv- 
ing to commend; containing praise. 

commensurable (kom-en'su-ra-bl), 
adj. having or reducible to, a com- 
mon measure. 

commensurate ('su-rat), adj. re- 
ducible to a common measure; 
equal. 

comment (kom'ent), n. a spoken or 
written remark, especially a written 
note by way of explanation, &c; 
criticism: v.i. (kom'- or kom-ent'), 
to write notes or explanations on 
the text of an author. 

commentary ('en-ta-ri), n. [pi. com- 
mentaries (-riz)], a series of ex- 
planatory notes or annotations 

commentator (-ter), ft. one who 
writes notes to explain an author. 

commerce (kom'ers), n. interchange 
of merchandise on a large scale be- 
tween nations or individuals; inter- 
course. 

commercial (-er'shal), adj. pertain- 
ing to trade or commerce; mercan- 
tile. 

commercialism (-izm), ft. commer- 
cial habits, methods, or principles. 

commingle (ko-jning'gl), v.t. & v.i. 
to mix; blend.. 

comminute (kom'i-nut), v.t. to make 
small or fine by grinding: adj. di- 
vided into small parts. 

commiserate (kom-iz'er-at), v.t. feel 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



COMMISERATION 174 COMMUNICATIVE 

pity for; sympathize with in dis- ful; an article of commerce: pi. 
tress. goods; merchandise. 

commiseration (-er-a/shun), n. pity, commodore ('o-dor), n. a captain 

commiserator ('er-a-ter), n. one who commanding a squadron; the lead- 
pities, ing ship in a fleet of merchantmen. 

commissariat (kom-is-a'ri-at), n. the common council (koun'sil), n. the 
department of an army concerned representative body of a city or mu- 
with the supply of transports, pro- nicipal corporation, 
visions, &c. common law (law), n. the unwrit- 

commissary ('is-a-ri), n. [pi. com- ten law of England based on imme- 
missaries (-riz)], one to whom some morial usage. 

charge is committed by a superior; commoner (-er), n. one not a peer; 
a delegate; an official in the com- a member of the House of Com- 
missariat department. mons; one who has a joint right in 

commission (kom-ish'un»), n. a dele- common land; at Oxford, a student 
gation of business to anyone; the not on the foundation, 
act of doing or committing; a trust; commonplace (-plas), n. a memo- 
a charge; the warrant by which any- randum for ready reference; an 
thing is done; one or more^persors obvious remark; anything ordinary: 
appointed to perform certain speci- adj. uninteresting; trite; common; 
fied duties; brokerage or allowance: common-sense (-sens), adj. charac- 
v.t. empower; send with authority. terized by sound practical judgment. 

commissioner (-ish'un-er), n. a per- commonweal (-wel), n. the public 
son empowered by a commission cr good. 

warrant; an officer in charge of seme commonwealth (-welth), n. the 
department of the public service. whole body of people in a state; a 

commission-government (kem-ish'- republic. 

un-guv'ern-ment), w. aformofmunic- commotion (-o'shun), n. violent agi- 

ipal government by a board of ex- tation. 

perts appointed, or of commissioners communal ('u-nal), adj. pertaining 

elected at large to serve under speci- to a commune. 

fied restrictions. communalism (-izm), n. govern- 

commissure ('ish-ur), n. a joint or ment by communes or corporations 
seam; the point of union between of towns and districts, 
two bodies. commune (-im/), v.t. to converse to- 

commit (kom-if), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gether; impart; take counsel; par- 
committed, p.pr. committing], to take of the Eucharist, or Holy Corn- 
give in charge or trust; surrender; munion. 

consign; perpetrate; learn by heart; communicable (u'ni-ka-bl), adj. im- 
send for trial, or to prison. partible. 

commitment (-it'ment), n. the act communicant (-ii'ni-kant), adj. 
of committing. Also' committal. communicating: n. a partaker, es- 

committee (-it'e), n. persons ap- pecially of the Eucharist. 

pointed to consider or manage any communicate (-kat), v.t. to impart; 
matter. reveal: vi. to share; partake of the 

commode (kom-od'), n. a high head- Eucharist. 

dress formerly in vogue; a chest of communication (-ka'shun), n. the 
drawers or bureau; a night-stool. act of communicating; means of 

commodious (-o'di-us), adj. useful; passing from one place to another; 
convenient; roomy. news; intercourse. 

commodity (-od'i-ti), n. [pi. com- communicative (-ka-tiv), ,adj. un- 
modities (-tiz)j, that which is use- reserved. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl: me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



\ 



COMMUNICATORY 



175 



COMPENDIOUS 



communicatory (-to-ri), adj. im- 
parting knowledge. 

communion (-un'yun), n. inter- 
course; fellowship; common pos- 
session; a religious body; the partak- 
ing of the Eucharist. 

communism (kom'u-nizm) , n. the 
doctrine of having property in com- 
mon; socialism. 

communist ('u-nist), n. sl supporter 
of communism; a socialist; a mem- 
ber of the Commune of Paris (1871). 

communistic (-is'tik), adj. relating 
to communism. 

community (-u'ni-ti), n. [pi. com- 
munities (-tiz) ], a body of persons 
having common rights, interests, 
and privileges; a corporation; so- 
ciety generally; common character. 

commutable (-ut'a-bl), adj. inter- 
changeable. 

commutation (-u-ta/shun) , n. the 
act of commuting; change or ex- 
change. 

commutation ticket (kom-u-ta/- 
shun), n. a ticket issued to a frequent 
passenger, paid for in advance for 
a limited time, by which he obtains 
lower rates. 

commutative ('ta-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to exchange. 

commutator (kom'u-ta-ter), n. an 
electrical device for making an 
alternating current continue or dis- 
continue; also for increasing or 
diminishing the strength of the 
same. 

commute (kom-uf), v.t. to exchange; 
substitute; reduce the severity of; 
regulate the direction of an electric 
current: v.i. to pay in gross amount. 

commuter (kom-u-ter), n. the user 
of a commutation ticket. 

compact (kom'pakt), n. an agree- 
ment or covenant; v.t. (kom-pakt'), 
to press or pack closely; consolidate. 

companion (kom-pan'yun), n. a 
comrade; an associate or partner: 
the hut over a ship's ladder: adj. 
attendant. 

companionship (-ship), n. fellow- 
ship. 



company (kum'pa-ni), n. [pi. com- 
panies (-niz) 1, an assemblage of 
people; a body of persons associated 
together; society; fellowship; a 
firm; a ship's crew; a subdivision of 
a regiment; v.i. associate with. 

comparable (kom'pa-ra-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being compared; of equal 
regard. 

comparative (-par'a-tiv), adj. esti- 
mated by comparison; not positive: 
n. the comparative degree of gram- 
mar. 

compare (-par'), v.t. to make one 
thing the measure of another; in- 
flect so as to form the degrees of 
comparison: v.i. to bear a com- 
parison. 

comparison (-par'i-sun), n. the act 
of comparing; an illustration or 
simile. 

compartment (-part'ment), n. a 
division by a partition, as of a car- 
riage, &c; a panel. 

compass (kum'pas), v.t. to encircle; 
walk around; besiege: n. a circular 
course; a circumference; extent; 
grasp; an instrument indicating the 
magnetic meridian: pi. a mathe- 
matical instrument for dividing and 
drawing circles. 

compassion (kom-pash'un), n. sor- 
row for the sufferings of others; 
sympathy; pity. 

compassionate (-at), v.t. to have 
compassion for: adj. sympathetic; 
merciful. 

compatibility (kom-pat-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being compatible; 
congruity. 

compatible ('i-bl), adi. congruous; 
suitable. 

compatriot (-pa'tri-ot), n. a fellow 
countryman. 

compeer (kom-per'), n. an equal. 

compel (kom-per), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
compelled, p.pr. compelling], to 
urge irresistibly; force. 

compend (kom'pend), n. an abridg- 
ment. 

compendious (-pen'di-us), adj. suc- 
cinct. 



ate, arm, 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



COMPENDIUM 



176 



COMPOSE 



compendium ('di-um), n. an abridg- 
ment. 
compensate (kom'pen- or kom-pen'- 

sat), v.t. to recompense; make 
amends for: v.i. to make compensa- 
tion. 

compensating-gear (com-pen-saf- 
ing-ger), n. a gear that enables the 
two rear wheels of an automobile 
to rotate at different speeds for 
easy turning. 

compensation (-sa'shun), n. amends; 
recompense; a set-off. 

compensation-balance (-bal'&ns), n. 
a watch balance-wheel, constructed 
to counteract variations in tem- 
perature. 

compensative ('sa-tiv), adj. making 
compensation. Also compensatory. 

compete (kom-pef), v.i. enter into 
competition with another; rival. 

competence (kom'pe-tens), n. the 
state of being competent; suffi- 
ciency. Also competency. 

competent (-tent), adj. fit; able; 
suitable; qualified; moderate. 

competition (-tish'un), n. rivalry. 

competitive (kom-pet 'i-tiv), adj. 
pertaining to competition; emulous. 

competitor ('i-ter), n. a rival. 

compilation (-i-la'shun), n. the act 
of compiling; the thing compiled. 

compile (kom-pil'), v.t. to put to-, 
gether in fresh form existing- mate- 
rials. 

complacence (kom-pla/sens), n. in- 
ward satisfaction. Also compla- 
cency. 

complacent ('sent), adj. affable. 

complain (kom-plan'), v.i. to express 
grief, pain, or resentment; charge 
formally. 

complainant ('ant), n. a plaintiff. 

complaint (-plant'), n. an accusa- 
tion; an expression of grief or pain; 
ailment. 

complaisance (-pla-sans'), n. cour- 
tesy. 

complaisant (-sanf), adj. courteous. 

complected (-plek'ted), adj. inter- 
woven; complexioned. 

complement ('ple-ment), n. full 



number or quantity; a complete set: 
v.t. to supply a deficiency. . 

complemental ('al), adj. completing. 
Also complementary. 

complete (kom-plet'), adj. free from 
deficiency; entire; absolute; fin- 
ished: v.t. to supply what is lacking; 
finish. 

completion (-ple'shun), n. accom- 
plishment. 

complex (kom'pleks), adj. composed 
of various parts of things; compos- 
ite; intricate. 

complexion (-plek'shun), n. the 
color of the skin, especially the face; 
aspect. 

complexity ('i-ti), n. the state of 
being complex. Also complexness. 

compliable (kom-pli'a-bl), adj. com- 
pliant. 

compliance ('ans), n. acquiescence. 

compliant ('lint), adj, yielding. 

complicacy ('pli-ka-si), n. the state 
of being complicate. 

complicate ('pli-k&t), v.t. to make 
intricate; involve: adj. intricate; 
folded together. 

complication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of complicating; the state of being 
complicated. 

complicity (-plis'i-ti), n. partnership 
in crime. 

complier (-pli'er), n. one who complies. 

compliment ('pli-ment), n. a formal 
act or expression of courtesy; deli- 
cate flattery: f v.t. to flatter; con- 
gratulate; praise. 

complimentary ('ta-ri), adj. con- 
veying a compliment. Also com- 
plimental. 

comply (kom-pli'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
complied, p.pr. complying], to yield 
assent; agree to. 

compo (kom'po), n. a kind of con- 
crete; a material for printing-rollers. 

component (kom-po'nent), adj. con- 
stituent: n. an elementary part of a 
compound. 

comport (-port'), v.i. to agree: har- 
monize: v.t. to behave. 

compose (-poz'), v.t. to form by 
combination; write as an author; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



COMPOSED 



177 



CONCATENATION 



calm; adjust; arrange in proper 
order; put together. 

composed (-pozd'), adj. tranquil; 
quiet. 

composer (-poz'er), n. one who com- 
poses; one who calms; a musical 
author. 

composite (-poz'it), adj. compound. 

composition (-po-zish'un) , rC. the 
act of composing; the thing com- 
posed; a mass formed by mingling 
various ingredients; mutual settle- 
ment or agreement; a musical or 
literary work; the art of forming 
sentences. 

compositor (-poz'i-ter), n. one who 
sets types. 

compost ('post), n. a mixture of 
various substances for fertilizing the 
ground; builders' compost: v.t. to 
manure with compost; plaster or 
stucco. 

composure (-po'zhur), n. tranquillity. 

compote ('pot), n. stewed fruit. 

compound (-pound'), v.t. to mix or 
combine together; settle by mutual 
agreement; discharge a debt by pay- 
ing a part: adj. (kom'pound), com- 
posed of two or more elements or 
ingredients or words: n. a mixture 
of two or more elements or ingredi- 
ents. 

ipounder ('er), n. one who com- 
pounds medicines, &c; one who 
compounds a debt or felony; one 
who pays for certain charges by a 
fixed sum. 

>mprehend (kom-pre-hend') , v.t. to 
include or comprise; grasp with the 
mind; conceive. 

iprehension (-hen'shun), n. the 
act of comprehending; extent, un- 
derstanding. 

>mprehensive (-hen'siv), adj. in- 
cluding much; full. 

tpress (kom-pres'), %.t. to press 
together; condense: n. (kom'pres), 
soft pad used in surgery to main- 
tain pressure. 

ipressible (-pres'i-bl), n. con- 
lensable. 



compression (-presh'un), n. con- 
densation. 

compressor (-pres'er), n. one who, 
or that which, compresses. 

comprisal (kom-pri'zal), n. the act 
of comprising. 

comprise (-priz'), v.t. to compre- 
hend. 

compromise (kom'pro-miz), n. a set- 
tlement by mutual concessions: v.t. 
to settle by compromise; expose to 
risk. 

comptroller (kon-trol'er). See con- 
troller. 

compulsion (kom-pul'shun), n. the 
act of compelling; force; constraint. 

compulsive (-pul'siv), adj. forcible. 

compulsory (-pul'so-ri), adj. exer- 
cising compulsion; obligatory. 

compunction (-pungk'shun), n. con- 
trition. 

compurgation (-per-ga'shun), n. the 
practice of justifying one man's ve- 
racity by the testimony of another. 

computable (kom-put'a-bl), adj. 
that may be computed. 

computation (-pu-ta'shun), n. the 
act or process of computing; esti- 
mate. 

compute (-put), v.t. to number; 
reckon. 

Comptist (con'tist), n. a follower of 
Auguste Compte, a French philoso- 
pher; also termed a positivist, from 
Compte' s system of philosophy 
called Positivism. 

comrade (kom'rad), n. a companion. 

con (kon), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. conned, p. 
pr. conning], to peruse carefully; 
fix in mind by constant repeti- 
tion; to direct (a helmsman) how 
to steer. 

conation (ko-na'shun), n. the fac- 
ulty of voluntary agency, including 
volition and desire. 

conative (ko'na- or kon'a-tiv), adj. 
pertaining to the faculty of cona- 
tion; expressing endeavor or effort. 

concatenation (kon-kat-e-na'shun) , 
n. a series of things united like 
links. 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CONCAVE 



178 



CONCILIATORY 



concave (kon'kav), adj. hollow and 
curved. 

concave lens (lenz), n. sl lens one 
side of which is flat and the other 
slightly concave. 

concavity (-kav'i-ti), n. [pi. con- 
cavities (-tiz) ], the state of being 
concave; the inner surface of a 
rounded hollow body. 

concavo-concave (kon-ka/vo-kon'- 
kav), adj. hollow on both surfaces, 
as a lens. , 

concavo-convex (-kon'veks), adj. 
concave on one side, convex on the 
other. 

conceal (kon-sel'), v.t. to hide; keep 
secret; disguise. 

concede (-sed'), v.t. to yield; admit. 

conceit (-set'), n. an idea; an over- 
estimate of one's own abilities; a 
quaint fancy. 

conceivable (-sev'a-bl), adj. imag- 
inable. 

conceive (-seV), v.t. imagine*: un- 
derstand; develop in the womb : v.i. 
to think; become pregnant. 

concentrate (kon-sen'trat), v.t. to 
bring to one point or common cen- 
ter; intensify the action of; con- 
dense: adj. reduced to a pure or 
dense state. 

concentration (-sen-tra/shun) , n. 
the state of being concentrated; 
condensation. 

concentrator (-tra-ter), n. a pneu- 
matic apparatus for separating dry 
ores when comminuted. 

concentric (-sen'trik), adj. having a 
common center. 

concentricity (-sen-tris'i-ti), n. the 
state of being concentric. 

concept (kon'sept), n. an abstract 
general motion or conception. 

conceptacle (-sep'ta-kl), n. that 
which contains anything; a follicle. 

conception (-sep'shun), n. the im- 
pregnation of the ovum; the act or 
power of conceiving in the mind; 
an idea or notion. 

conceptive (-sep'tiv), adj. capable 
of conceiving mentally or physically. 

conceptualist ('tu-al-ist), n. one 



who holds the theory (conceptual- 
ism) that the mind caQ form for 
itself general conceptions. 

concern (kon-sern'), v.t. to relate or 
belong to; interest or engage; make 
uneasy: n. business; affair; inter- 
est; anxiety; a firm. 

concernment ('ment), n. solicitude; 
affair. 

concert (kon-serf), v.t. to contrive 
or devise together; adjust or ar- 
range mutually: n. (kon'sert) a mu- 
sical entertainment; cooperation; 
harmony, or mutual agreement. 

concerted ('ed), adj. mutually 

planned or agreed upon; arranged 
in parts. 

concertina (-ser-te'na), n. a musical 
instrument of the accordion class. 

concertino (-te'no), n. a small con- 
certo. 

concerto (-ser'to, Italian -char'to), n. 
[pi. concertos ('toz) ], a musical 
composition for a solo instrument, 
with an orchestral accompaniment. 

concession (kon-sesh'un), n. the act 
of conceding; the thing conceded; 
land, privileges, &c, granted by a 
government to a company, &c, for 
some specific purpose. 

concessionaire (-un-ar'), n. a person 
holding a concession. 

conch (kongk), n. a marine shell. 

concha (kong'ka), n. [pi. _ concha? 
(-ke) ], the outer ear; auricle; the 
dome of an apse. 

concho-grass ('ko-gras), n. a valua- 
ble forage grass of the southern 
United States. 

conchoid ('koid), n. a shell-like 
curve. 

conchology ('kol-o-ji), n. the branch 
of zoology which treats of mollusks 
and their shells. 

concierge (kong-si-arzh'), n. in 
France, a dbor-keeper or janitor. 

conciliate (kon-sil'i-at), v.t. to rec- 
oncile; win or gain the affections of. 

conciliator (-a-ter), n. one who 
conciliates. 

conciliatory (-to-ri), adj. tending 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CONCISE 



179 



CONDOLATORY 



to conciliate or reconcile. Also con- 
ciliative. • 

concise (kon-sis') , adj. condensed, terse. 

conclave (kon'klav), n. a private 
meeting, as of cardinals for the 
election of a Pope. 

conclude (kon-khld'), v.t. to infer; 
determine; settle; end: v.i. draw 
an inference. 

conclusion (-klu'zhun), n. a final 
determination; result; end. 

conclusive (-klu'siv), adj. decisive; 
final. 

concoct (kon-kokt'),. v.t. to digest; 
cook; assimilate mentally; plot. 

concoction (-kok'shun), n. the act 
of concocting; a plan or plot; a 
compound of various ingredients. 

concomitance (-kom'i-tans), n. the 
state of being concomitant. Also 
concomitancy. 

concomitant ('i-tant), n. accom- 
panying; conjoined with: n. an at- 
tendant. 

concord (kong' or kon'kord), n. har- 
mony; union; agreement. 

concordance (kon-kor'dans), n. 
agreement; a dictionary of words or 
passages, with references to the 
places where they occur, especially 
in the Bible. 

concordant ('dant), adj. harmonious. 

concordat ('dat), n. a compact or 
agreement, especially between 
Church and State. 

concourse (kong'kors), n. arriving 
together; an assembly or crowd. 

concrete (kon'kret), adj. united .in 
growth; coalesced; not abstract: n. 
a mass formed by concretion; a 
compact mass of lime, sand, gravel, 
mortar, &c, used for building: v.i. 
(kon-kref), to coalesce: v.t. to form 
by the union of particles. 

concretion (kon-kre'shun), n. the 
act of concreting; a mass formed 
by the union of separate particles. 

concretionary (-a-ri), adj. charac- 
terized by concretions. 

concubinage (kong-ku-bi-naj), n. 
the act of living as man and wife 
without being legally married. 



concubine (kong'ku-bin), n. a wom- 
an who lives with a man without, 
being legally married. 

concupiscence (kon-ku 'pi-sens), n. 
illicit sexual desire; unlawful de- 
sire. 

concur (kon-ker'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
concurred, p.pr. concurring], to 
agree or unite in action or opinion; 
coincide. 

concurrence (-kur'ens), n. the act 
of concurring; agreement; consent. 

concurrent (-kur'ent), adj. acting 
in union or conjunction; joint and 
equal in authority; meeting at one 
point: n. that which concurs; a con- 
tributory cause. 

concussion (-kush'un), n. the shock 
caused by, two bodies coming violent- 
ly together; injury by a fall. 

condemn (kon-dem'), v.t. to pro- 
nounce or judge guilty; blame; cen- 
sure; declare to be forfeited. 

condemnation (-dem-na/shun) , n. 
the act of condemning. 

condensable (-den'sa-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of condensation. 

condensation (-den-sa'shun) , n. 
compression. 

condense (-dens'), v.t. to compress; 
make close or thick: v.i. grow dense. 

condenser ('er), n. an apparatus for- 
reducing gases or vapors to a liquid 
or solid form; a device for storing 
electricity; a lens for concentrating 
light. 

condescend (kon-de-send'), v.i. to 
stoop; descend; yield; deign. 

condescension (-de-sen'shun), n. the 
act of condescending; voluntary 
humiliation. 

condign (-din'), adj. well-deserved; 
suitable. 

condiment (kon'di-ment), n. a sea- 
soning. 

condition (kon-dish'un), n. state; 
quality; external circumstances; 
stipulation or terms of a contract: 
v.t. to contract or stipulate; bring into 
and keep in bodily health; examine. 

condolatory (-do'la-to-ri), adj. ex- 
pressing condolence. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CONDOLE 



180 



CONFIDENT 



condole (kon-dol'), v.t. to lament: 
v.i. to express sympathy for an- 
other [with with}. 

condolence ('ens), n. sympathy. 

condonation (-do-na/shun), n. the 
act of pardoning a wrong act. 

condone (kon-don'), v.t. to pardon, 
especially a violation of marital duty. 

condor (kon'der), n. a very large 
South American vulture. 

conduce (-dus'), v.i. to tend to; con- 
tribute. 

conduct (kon-dukf), v.t. to guide; 
direct; manage; behave: n. (kon'- 
dukt) personal behavior or prac- 
tice ; management. 

conductance (kon-duk'tans), n. 
power or capacity for conducting 
electricity. 

conductible (-duk'ti-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being conducted. 

conduction (-duk'shun), n. trans- 
mission by a conductor. 

conductive (-duk'tiv), adj. having 
the quality or power of conducting. 

conductivity (-duk-tiv'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being conductive. 

conductor (duk'ter), n. one who, or 
that which, conducts; a leader or 
guide; one who has charge of a 
car or train; a substance which con- 
ducts or transmits certain forces. 

conduit (kon' or kun'dit), n. a canal 
or pipe for the conveyance of water, 
&c. 

cone (kon), n. a geometrical figure 
broad, round, and broad at the bot- 
tom, and lessening the circumference 
toward the top; the fruit of the 
fir, pine, &c; a storm-cone: v.t. to 
shape like the segment of a cone. 

coney (ko'ni), another form of cony. 

confab (kon'fab), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. con- 
fabbed, p.pr. confabbing], to chat. 

confection (-fek'shun), n. anything 
conserved or compounded with 
sugar; a sweetmeat. 

confectioner (-er), n. one who pre- 
pares and sells sweetmeats, &c. 

confectionery (-i), n. [pi. confec- 
tioneries (-iz) ], sweetmeats, cakes, 
preserves, &c. 



confederacy (-fed'er-a-si), n. [pi. 

m confederacies (-siz) ], persons, 
states, or nations united in a 
league; unlawful combination. 

confederate ('er-at), v.i. to unite in 
a league: adj. united by a league: 
n. a member of a confederation; an 
ally; an accomplice. 

confederation (-er-a/shun), n. the 
act of confederating; an alliance; 
an alliance of states previously in- 
dependent. 

confer (kon-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
conferred, p.pr. conferring], to give 
or bestow: v.i. to consult together; 
converse. 

conference ('fer-ens), n. the act of 
consulting together formally; an 
appointed meeting for discussing 
some topic or business; an ecclesias- 
tical assembly. 

confess (kon-fes'), v.t. to admit or 
acknowledge; avow; grant; prove; 
hear (as a priest) a confession: v.i. 
disclose the state of one's conscience 
to a priest and receive absolution. 

confession (-fesh'un), n. act of con- 
fessing; anything disclosed or ac- 
knowledged. 

confessional (-al), n. an inclosed 
cabinet, in which a priest sits to 
hear confessions; the practice of 
auricular confession. 

confessor (kon' or kon-fes'er), n. 

one who makes a profession of his 

faith and suffers persecution; a 

priest who hears confessions and 

. grants absolution. 

confetto (-fet'to), n. [pi. confetti 
('ti) ], a sweetmeat; a plaster pel- 
let used for pelting at carnivals. 

confidant ('fi-dant), n. a confidential 
or bosom friend: fern, confidante. 

confide (kon-fid'), v.i. have confi- 
dence in: v.t. to trust fully [with to], 

confidence (kon'fi-dens), n. trust; 
reliance. 

confidence-game (kon'fi-dens-gam), 
n. securing money under pretenses of 
friendship through false promises of 
gain, usually with strangers. 

confident (-dent), adj. full of con- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CONFIDENTIAL 



181 



CONGESTED 



fidence; positive; bold; dogmatical. 

confidential (-den'shal), adj. spoken 
or written in confidence; trust- 
worthy. 

configuration (-fig-u-ra'shun), n. ex- 
ternal form; relative position of the 
planets. 

confine (kon'fln), n. a boundary, 
border, or limit; a frontier [usually 
pi.]: v.t. (kon-fin'), to restrict 
within limits; imprison. 

confinement (kon-fin'ment), n. the 
act of confining; childbirth. 

confirm (kon-ferm'), v.t. to strength- 
en; ratify; administer the rite of 
confirmation. 

confirmation (-fer-ma/shun), n. the 
act of confirming; verification; evi- 
dence; admission to full communion 
after baptism. 

confirmatory ('a-to-ri), adj. serving 
to confirm. 

confiscate (kon-fis' or kon'fis-kat), v.t. 
to adjudge to be forfeited to the pub- 
lic treasury; seize, as thus forfeited. 

confiscation (-ka/shun), n. the act 
of confiscating. 

confiscator ('fis-ka-ter), n. one who 
confiscates. 

conflagration (-fla-gra'shun), n. a 
great fire. 

conflict (kon-flikf), v.i. to strike or 
dash together; contend; fight: n. 
(kon'flikt), a fight or struggle for 
the mastery; a battle; antagonism; 
a violent collision. 

confluence (kon'flu-ens), n. the junc- 
tion of two or more streams; an 
assembly. 

confluent (-ent), adj. flowing or run- 
ning together: n. a tributary river 
or stream. 

conflux ('fluks), n. the meeting to- 
gether of two or more streams; a 
crowd. 

conform (kon-form'), v.t. to make 
like; bring into harmony [usually 
with to]: v.i. to be in harmony 
with; comply with. 

conformable ('a-bl), adj. like; cor- 



responding; compliant; in parallel 
order. 

conformation (-f6r-ma'shun), n. 
structure; arrangement; shape. 

conformist ('ist), n. a member of 
the Established Church of England. 

conformity ('i-ti), n. compliance 
with established forms; resemblance. 

confound (kon-found'), v.t. to min- 
gle; perplex; astonish; confuse; 
overthrow. 

confraternity (-fra-ter'ni-ti), n. [pi. 
confraternities (-tiz) ], a brother- 
hood or society of men associated 
for a common purpose. 

confrere (kon-frar'), n. an associate. 

confront (kon-frunt'), v.t. to stand 
face to face [with with]; oppose; 
compare. 

confuse (kon-ftiz'), v.t. to mingle,*: 
jumble up; render indistinct; dis- 
concert; perplex. 

confusion (-fu'zhun), n. the act of 
confusing; perplexity; loss of self- 
possession; disorder; tumult. ( | 

confutation (-fu-ta'shun), n. dis- 
proof. 

confute (kon-fuf), v.t. to prove to be 
false or invalid; convict of error. 

congeal (konjel'), v.t. to freeze; to 
harden or make rigid by cold: v.i. 
to become frozen; to solidify by 
the agency of cold. 

congelation (-je-la'shun), n. the act 
of congealing. 

congener (kon'je-ner), n. a, thing or 
person allied in some way to another; 
an animal or plant of the same species 
or genus as another. 

congenial (-je'nial), adj. kindred; 
pleasant and sympathetic; cognate. 

congeniality (-ni-al'i-ti) , n. the state 
or quality of being congenial. 

congenital (-jen'i-tal), adj. existing, 
or produced, at birth; constitutional. 

conger (kong'ger), n. a large sea-eel. 

congeries (kon-je'ri-ez), n. sing. & 
pi. a collection of particles into one 
mass. 

congest (kon-jesf), v.t. to accumu- 
late. 

congested Ced), p. adj. unduly 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CONGESTION 



182 



CONJUNCTION 



crowded; containing an unnatural 
accumulation of blood. 

congestion (-jest'yun), n. an over- 
crowded condition, especially of the 
blood-vessels. 

congestive ('tiv), adj. implying con- 
gestion. 

conglomerate (-glom'er-at), v.t. to 
gather into a ball or round mass: 
adj. collected or clustered together: 
n. a rock composed of rounded or 
water-worn fragments of pre-existent 
rocks. 

conglomeration (-er-a/shun), n. the 
act of conglomerating; a miscella- 
neous collection. 

conglutinate ('ti-nat), v.t. to glue 
together: adj. glued together; united 
by an adhesive substance. 

conglutination (-na'shun), n. the 
act of gluing or joining together; 
coalescence. 

congratulate (kon-grat'u-lat), v.t. 
to felicitate on account of some 
happy event [with on or upon]. 

congratulation (-grat-u-la/shun), n. 
the act of congratulating. 

congratulator ('u-la-ter), n. one who 
congratulates. 

congratulatory (-to-ri), adj. express- 
ing congratulations. 

congregate (kong'gre-gat), v.t. to 
assemble; gather together: v.i. to 
come together. 

congregation (-ga'shun), n. an as- 
sembly, especially of persons for 
religious worship. 

congregational^ (-al), adj. pertaining 
to a congregation. 

Congregationalism ('shun-al-izm) , 
n. a democratic form of church gov- 
ernment, each congregation being 
self-governed. 

Congregationalist (-al-ist), n. an 
adherent to Congregationalism : adj. 
pertaining to Congregationalism. 

congress (kong'gres), n. a confer- 
ence; an assembly of ambassadors, 
&c, for the settlement of interna- 
tional affairs. 

Congress (kong'gres), n. the na- 



tional legislature of the United 
States. 

congressional (kon-gresh'un-al), adj. 
pertaining to Congress. 

congressman (-man), n. a member 
of Congress, especially of the House 
of Representatives. 

congruence ('groo-ens), n. suitabil- 
ity; agreement; consistency. Also 
congruency. 

cqngruent ('ent), adj. suitable; 
agreeing. 

congruity ('i-ti), n. agreement; fit- 
ness. 

congruous ('groo-us), adj. accord- 
ant; fit. 

conic (kon'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
shaped like, a cone. Also conical: 
n.pl. the branch of geometry which 
treats of the parabola, ellipse, and 
hyperbola; conic sections. 

coniferous (ko-nif'er-us), adj. bearing 
cones. 

coniform (ko-ni-form), adj. cone- 
shaped. 

conjectural (kon-jek'tur-al), adj. 
doubtful. 

conjecture ('tur), n. a probable in- 
ference; a guess: v.t. to imagine; 
surmise: v.i. to form conjectures. 

conjoin (kon-join'), v.t. to join, to- 
gether; connect or associate: v.i. to 
unite. 

conjoint (-joint'), adj. united; co- 
operating. 

conjugal ('joo-gll), adj. of, or per- 
taining to, marriage; connubial. 

conjugality ('i-ti), n. the married state. 

conjugally (-li), adv. connubially. 

conjugate (kon'ju-gat), v.t. to in- 
flect (verbs): v.i. to unite in conju- 
gation: adj. combined in pairs; kin- 
dred in meaning and origin: n. a 
word agreeing in derivation with 
another word. 

conjugation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
of conjugating; the inflection of a 
verb; a kind of sexual union. 

conjunct (kon-jungkf), adj. con- 
joined. 

conjunction (-jungk'shun), n. un- 
ion; association; connection; the 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CONJUNCTIVE MOOD 



183 



CONSECRATION 



apparent meeting of two or more 
stars or planets; a word used to 
connect sentences or words. 

conjunctive mood (mood), n. the 
mood which expresses contingency 
or condition. 

conjunctively (-li), adv. in union. 

conjuncture ('tur), n. a combina- 
tion of many circumstances or 
causes; a critical time. 

conjuration (kon-ju-ra'shun), n. the 
act of conjuring or invoking; an in- 
cantation; an enchantment; solemn 
entreaty. 

conjure (kon-jur'), v.t. to summon 
in a sacred name; enjoin with the 
highest solemnity: (kun'jer), in- 
fluence by. or as if by, magic: v.i. 
to practice the arts of a conjurer. 

conjurer (kun'j er-er) , n. one who 
performs tricks by sleight of hand; 
an enchanter: (kon-jur'er), n. one 
who solemnly enjoins. 

conjuror (kon-ju'rer), n. one bound 
by an oath with others. 

connate (kon'nat), adj. united at the 
base. 

connaught (kon'awt), a kind of 
cotton cloth used for embroidery. 

connect (kon-nekf), v.t. to bind or 
fasten together; unite; associate 
with: v.i. to be joined; cohere. 

connected ('ed), adj. linked together. 

connection or connexion (-nek'- 
shun), n. the state of being con- 
nected; relation by "marriage or 
blood; sexual intercourse; surround- 
ings; acquaintance; a religious 
body; one's customers, &c. 

connective (-nek'tiv), adj. able to 
connect: n. that which connects. 

connector ('ter), n. one who or that 
which connects. 

conning (kon'ing), n. the act of di- 
recting the helmsman of a vessel. 

conning- tower (-tou'er), n. the low 
shot-proof pilot-house of an armored 
vessel. 

connivance (-ni'vans), n. the act of 
conniving: passive cooperation in a 
crime or fault; collusion. 

connive (kon-niv'), v.i. to close the 



eyes upon a fault; be in secret com- 
plicity [with at]. 

connoisseur (kon-i-ser'), n. a criti- 
cal judge. 

connotation (-ta'shun), n. inference. 

connotative (kon-no'ta-tiv), adj. 

attributive. 

connote (kon-nof), v.t. to designate by 
implication; imply as an attribute. 

connubial (kon-u'bi-al), adj. of, or 
pertaining to the marriage state; 
nuptial. 

conoid (kon'oid), adj. cone-like. 

conoidal ('al), adj. almost conical. 

conquer (kong'ker), v.t. gain by con- 
quest; overcome; subdue: v.i. to 
get the victory. 

conqueror (-er), n. a victor. 

conquest ('kwest), n. the act of con- 
quering; subjugation; victory. ^ 

consanguineous (kon-sang-gwin'e- 
us), adj. related by blood or birth. 

consanguinity ('i-ti), n. blood rela- 
tionship. 

conscience (kon'shens), n. the moral 
sense which determines right and 
wrong. 

conscientious (-shi-en'shus), adj. in- 
fluenced or regulated by conscience; 
scrupulous. 

conscious ('shus), adj. aware of one's 
thoughts and actions; sensible. 

consciousness (-nes), n. the knowl- 
edge of that which passes in one's 
own mind. 

conscript (kon-skript'), v.t. to en- 
roll for compulsory military or naval 
service: (kon'skript) adj. registered; 
enrolled: n. one thus compulsorily 
enrolled. 

conscription (-skrip'shun), n. com- 
pulsory military or naval service; 
the persons enrolled. 

consecrate (kon'se-krat), v.t. to set 
apart as sacred; dedicate to the 
service of God; set apart to a 
sacred office; devote: adj. conse- 
crated; made sacred. 

consecration (-kra/shun), n. the act 
of consecrating; a setting apart or 
devoting to a sacred use or office. 



Ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CONSECRATOR 184 CONSPICUOUS 

consecrator (-ter), n. one who con- considerate (-at), adj. having regard 

secrates. for others; prudent; thoughtful; 

consecutive (-sek'u-tiv), adj. succes- careful. 

sive. consideration (-a/shun), n. the act 

consensus (-sen'sus), n. general of considering; claim to notice; 

agreement. mature thought; an equivalent; 

consent _ (kon-senf), n. a yielding of regard for others. 

the mind or will; acquiescence; consign (kon-sin'), v.t. to deliver in 

sympathy: v.i. to comply; yield; a formal manner to another; yield 

accede; concur. in trust; to send goods. 

consentaneous (-ta/ne-us), adj. ac- consignee (-sin-e'), n. the person to 

cordant. whom goods are sent; an agent or 

consentient (-sen'shent), adj. agree- factor. 

ing. . consignor ('er), n. the person who 

consequence (kon'se-kwens), n. that consigns goods to another. Also 

which naturally follows an effect; consigner. 

inference; result; importance; sig- consist (kon-sisf), v.i. to be com- 

nificance. posed of ; co-exist; subsist [within]. 

consequent (-kwent), adj. following consistence (-sis'tens), n. degree of 

as a result or natural effect [with density or firmness; harmony. Also 

to] : n. a result or effect. consistency. 

consequential (-kwen'shal), adj. fol- consistent ('tent), adj. solid; not 

lowing as the effect; self-important. contradictory. 

conservable (-serv'a-bl), adj. that consolation (-so-la'shun), n. allevia- 

may be preserved from decay or in- tion of mental or physical distress; 

jury. solace. 

conservation (-va'shun), n. the act console (kon-sol'), v.t. to give com- 

of preserving from decay, doss, or fort to; cheer in sorrow; solace. 

injury. consolidate (-sol'i-dat), v.t. to make 

conservative (Va-tiv), adj. having solid; harden; condense: v.i. to 

the tendency or power to preserve: become solid. 

n. that which preserves; one op- consolidation (-da'shun), n. the act 

posed to hasty changes in the politi- of consolidating; solidification. 

cal, religious, or civil institutions of consols (kon'solz or kon-solz'), n. the 

the country. principal British funded security: 

conservatoire (-va-twar'), n. a pub- abbreviation for consolidated fund. 

lie institution for instruction, es- consomme (kon-so-ma/), n. a strong 

pecially singing, music, &c. clear soup or bouillon. 

conservator (kon'ser-va-ter), one consonance (kon'so-n&ns), n. agree- 

who preserves. ment of sounds; harmony; concord. 

conservatory (-ser'va-to-ri),a<i/. tend- consonant (-nant), adj. harmonious; 

ing to preserve: n. a greenhouse. accordant: n. a letter other than a 

conserve (kon-serv'), v.t. to pre- vowel. 

serve from injury or destruction; consort (kon'sort), n. a companion; 

preserve with sugar: (kon'serv), n. a partner; a husband or wife; a 

preserved or candied fruit. ship accompanying another: v.t. & 

consider (kon-sid'er), v.t. to fix the v.i. (kon-sort') to associate; keep 

mind upon; contemplate: v.i. to de- company [with with]. 

liberate; reflect. conspectus (-spek'tus), n. a general 

considerable (-a-bl), adj. worthy of sketch or digest of some subject; a 

notice; important; valuable; more synopsis. 

than a little. conspicuous (-spik'ti-us), adj. men- 
ate, arm, lisk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon,'| 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CONSPIRACY 



185 



CONSUL 



ly or physically visible; manifest; 
istinguished. 

ispiracy (-spir'a-si), n. [pi. con- 
spiracies (-siz) ], a plot; two or 
lore persons engaged together for 

unlawful or evil purpose. 
ispirator ('a-ter), n. one who 
jonspires. 

ispire (kon-splr'), v.i. to concert 
crime; combine for an unlawful 
>urpose. 

tstable (kun'sta-bl), n. a high of- 
ficer of state in mediaeval courts; a 
policeman. 

constabulary (-stab'u-ler-i), adj. 
pertaining to constables: n. consta- 
bles collectively. 

constancy (kon'stan-si), n. firmness; 
stability; fidelity. 

constant ('stant), adj. steadfast; 
firm; continuous: n. in physics, 
that which is not subject to change, 
as gravity. 

constellation (-stel-a'shun), n. a 
group or cluster of fixed stars desig- 
nated by some name; an assemblage 
of splendors, &c. 

consternation (-ster-na'shun), n. 
excessive terror, wonder, or surprise; 
perturbation. 

constipate ('sti-pat), v.t. to make 
costive. 

constipation (-pa'shun), n. costive- 
ness. 

constituency (-stit'u-en-si), n. [pi. 
constituencies (-^jz) ], the body of 
electors voting for a. Member of 
Congress, «&c. 

constituent ('ii-ent), adj. necessary 
or essential: n. an essential or com- 
ponent part; an elector. 

constitute ('sti-tut), v.t. to compose 
or make up; appoint; elect; enact; 
establish. 

constituted authorities (aw-thor'- 
i-tiz), n.pl. government officers col- 
lectively. 

constitution (-tu'shun), n. the act 
of constituting; the thing consti- 
tuted; bodily strength; mental or 

c- physical temperament; the system 



of fundamental laws of a nation, 
state or society. 

constitutional (-al), adj. inherent 
in the constitution; fundamental: 
n. a walk taken for the benefit of 
the health. 

constitutive ('sti-tii-tiv), adj. ele- 
mental; essential; productive. 

constrain (kon-stran') , v.t. to* hold 
down or keep back by force; re- 
strain. 

constraint (-stranf), n. compul- 
sion. 

constrict (-strikt'), v.t. to bind; 
cramp. 

constriction ('shun), n. compres- 
sion; contraction. 

constrictor (-strik'ter), n. that which 
contracts or compresses; a muscle 
which contracts, closes, or com- 
presses; a large serpent, the boa- 
constrictor. 

constringent (-strin'jent), adj. con- 
tracting or binding. 

construct (kon-strukt'), v.t. to build; 
form; put together; compose. 

construction (-struk'shun), n. the 
„ act of building; that which is con- 
structed; an edifice; interpretation; 
the syntactical arrangement of 
words in a sentence. 

constructive ('tiv), adj. having the 
character of construction; inferred. 

constructively (-li), adv. by con- 
struction. 

constructor ('ter), n. one who con- 
structs. 

construe (kon'stroo), v.t. to put into 
proper order by syntactical rules; 
translate; interpret. 

consubstantial (-sub-stan'shal), adj. 
having the same substance, essence, 
or nature. 

consubstantiation (-shi-a/shun), n. 
the doctrine that the body and 
blood of Christ are in a mysterious 
manner substantially present in the 
Eucharistic elements after consecra- 
tion. 

consul (kon'sul), n. the chief magis- 
trate of the Roman Republic, and 
of the French Republic (1799- 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CONSUL-GENERAL 



186 



CONTINGENCE 



1804); an officer commissioned by 
a government to reside in a foreign 
country to promote the interests of 
its trade, and protect its subjects. 

consul-general (-jen'er-al), n. a 
chief consul. 

consular (-ar), adj. pertaining to a 
consul. 

consulate ('sfi-lat), n. the office and 
residence of a consul. 

consult (kon-sulf), v.t. to ask advice 
of; regard; v.i. to take counsel to- 
gether. 

consultation (-sul-ta/shun), n. the 
act of consulting; a conference or 
deliberation on some special matter. 

consultatory (kon-sult'a-to-ri), a. 
that which results from consultation. 

consume (kon-stim'), v.t. to destroy; 
waste; spend: v.i. waste away; be 
exhausted. 

consummate (kon'sum-at), v.t. to 
complete; finish: adj. (kon-sum'at), 
perfect. 

consummation ( a'shun), n. com- 
pletion. 

consumption (-sump'shun), n. the 
act of consuming; a gradual wasting 
away; pulmonary disease; phthisis. 

consumptive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
to consumption; affected with 
phthisis. 

contact (kon'takt), n. touch; close 
union. 

contagion (kon-ta/jun), n. transmis- 
sion of disease by direct or indirect 
contact. 

contagious ('jus), adj. transmitted 
by contact. 

contain (kon-tan'), v.t. to hold, as a 
vessel; keep within bounds; inclose: 
v.i. to live in continence. 

contaminate (-tam'i-nat), v.t. to 
pollute. 

contamination (-na/shun), n. pol- 
lution. 

contemn (kon-tem'), v.t. to despise. 

contemplate ('plat), v.t. to con- 
sider with continued attention; 
meditate on; study. 

contemplation (-pla'shun), n. the 



act of contemplating; pious medita- 
tion; intention. 

contemporaneous (-po-ra'ne-us), 
adj. contemporary. 

contemporary ('po-ra-ri), adj. ex- 
isting or occurring at the same time: 
n. one living at the same time as- 
another. 

contempt (kon-tempf), n. disdain; 
scorn; disobedience to the orders;; 
&c, of a court. 

contemptible ('i-bl), adj. meriting 
scorn. 

contemptuous ('u-us), adj. disdain- 
ful. 

contend (kon-tend'), v.i. to strive in 
opposition ; vie [with with or against] ; 
dispute or debate; assert. 

content (kon-tenf), adj. satisfied; 
willing: v.t. to satisfy; gratify; ap- 
pease: n. (con'tent), generally plu- 
ral, that which is comprised in any- 
thing. 

contention (-ten'shun), n. contest; 
debate. 

contentious (-ten'shus), adj. causing 
contention; quarrelsome; litigious. 

conterminous (-ter'mi-nus), adj. 
contiguous. 

contest (kon-tesf), v.t. to dispute; 
oppose; litigate: v.i. to strive; con- 
tend; vie: n. (kon'test) a struggle 
for superiority; dispute. 

contestant (-tes'tant), n. one who 
contests, especially an election, or a 
will. • 

context (kon'tekst), n. the parts in 
a book or discourse immediately ad- 
joining the "sentence quoted. . 

contexture (-teks'tur), n. structure. 

contiguity (-ti-gu'i-ti), n. contact. 

contiguous (-tig'ti-us), adj. adjacent. 

continence (kon'ti-nens), n. chasti- 
ty; self-restraint; moderation. Also 
continency. 

continent ('ti-nent), adj. chaste; 
exercising self-restraint: n. a large 
extent of land forming a geograph- 
ical division. 

continental ('al), adj. pertaining to 
a continent. 

contingence (kon-tin'jens), n. [pi. 



ate, arm, asK, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CONTINGENT 



187 



CONTRAVALLATION 



1 



contingencies ('jen-siz)], a chance 
or possible occurrence. Also con- 
tingency. 

contingent ('jent), adj. accidental; 
conditional: n. a possibility; quota 
of troops. 

continual ('ti-al), adj. proceeding 
without interruption; incessant; con- 
stant. 

continuance ('ti-ans), ft. perma- 
nence; uninterrupted succession ; 
duration. 

continuation (-ii-a/shun), ft. the act 
of continuing. 

continue (kon-tin'ti), v.t. to carry on 
without interruption"; persist in: v.i. 
to remain; abide; endure; perse- 
vere. 

continuity (-ti-nu'i-ti), ft. [pi. con- 
tinuities (-tiz)], uninterrupted suc- 
cession or connection ; cohesion. 

continuous (-tin'u-us), adj. uninter- 
rupted. 

contort (kon-torf), v.t to twist. 

contortion (-tor'shun), ft. a twist; 
flexure. 

contortionist (ist), ft. an acrobat 
who eontorts his body in perform- 
ing gymnastics. 

contour (kon-toor'), ft. an outline; 
profile: v.t. to make an outline of . 

contraband (kon'tra-band) , adj. pro- 
hibited from importation; illegal. 

contraband of war (wawr), n. cer- 
tain commodities used in warfare, 
and the traffic in them with belliger- 
ent states. 

contrabandist (-ist), ft. a smuggler. 

contrabasso (-tra-bas'so), adj. 
sounding an octave lower than an- 
other instrument of the same class: 
n. the largest instrument of the vio- 
lin class, the double-bass. 
ntract (kon-trakt'), v.t. draw closer 
together; shorten; condense: v.i. to 
shrink up; bargain; agree upon: n. 
(kon-trakt) a compact; a written 
agreement. 

contractile (-trak'til), adj. having 
the power of shortening itself. Also 
contractible. 



contractility (-trak-tiTi-ti),. ft. the 
power of contracting. 

contraction (-trak'shun), ft. the act 
of contracting; the state of being 
contracted; the reduction of two 
vowels or syllables into one; abbre- 
viation. 

contractor (-trak'ter), ft. one of the 
parties to a contract; one Who con- 
tracts to supply or construct for a 
stipulated sum. 

contra-dance (kon'tra-dans), ft. a 
dance in which the partners are ar- 
ranged in opposite lines ; a country- 
dance. Also contre-dance. 

contradict (kon-tra-dikf), v.t. to as- 
sert the contrary or opposite of; 
gainsay; deny. 

contradiction (-dik'shun) , n. the 
act of contradicting; denial; incon- 
gruity. 

contradictory (-dik'to-ri), adj. con- 
trary. 

contradistinction (-dis-tingk'shun) , 
ft. a distinction by opposite qualities. 

contradistinguish (-ting'gwish), v.t. 
to distinguish by opposite qualities. 

contralto (kon-tral to), ft. the part 
sung by the highest male {counter- 
tenor) or the lowest female voice 
(alto). 

contrariety (-tra-rl'i-ti), ft. [pi. con- 
trarieties (-tiz) ], opposition; in- 
consistency. 

contrarily ('tra-ri-li), adv. in a con- 
trary manner. 

contrariwise ('tra-ri-wiz), adv. con- 
versely. 

contrary ('tra-ri), adj. opposite; in 
an opposite direction; perverse; 
wayward: n. a thing of opposite 
qualities. 

contrast (kon-trasf), v.t. to place in 
contrast; compare: ft. (kon'trast) 
opposition or difference of qualities 
made manifest by comparison; dis- 
similitude. 

contravallation (-val-a/shun), ft. a 
fortification thrown up round a city 
by a besieging force for security 
against the enemy s sallies. 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut-; think, then. 



CONTRAVENE 



188 



CONVENTIONALIZE 



contravene (kon-tra-ven'), v.t. to ob- 
struct; violate. 

contravention (-ven'shun), n. oppo- 
sition; violation. 

contre-dance, same as contra-dance. 

contretemps (kong-tr-tang'), n. an 
unexpected event causing confusion; 
a hitch. 

contribute (kon-trib'ut), v.t. to give 
to some common stock; furnish as a 
share: v.i. to use one's influence. 

contribution (-tri-bu'shun),n. the act 
of contributing; a subscription"; tax; 
a writing furnished to a periodical. 

contributor ('u-ter), n. one who 
contributes. 

contributory ('u-t5-ri), adj. pro- 
moting the same end. 

contrite (kon'trit), adj. penitent. 

contrition (-trish'un), n. sorrow for 
sin. 

contrivance (-tri'vans), n. a device; 
apparatus; scheme; plan. 

contrive (kon-trlv'), v.t. to devise; 
invent; plan; scheme. 

control (kon-trol'), n. a check; re- 
straint; superintendence; authority: 
v.t. {p.t. & p.p. controlled: p.pr. 
controlling], to restrain; govern; 
regulate. 

controllable ('a-bl), adj. subject to 
control. 

controller ('er), n. one who con- 
trols; a public officer who oversees 
and verifies the accounts of subor- 
dinate officials. Less correctly comp- 
troller. 

controversial (-tro-ver'shal) , adj. 
polemical. 

controversy ('tro-v^r-si), n. [pi. 
controversies (-siz) ], agitation of 
contrary opinions; debate; disputa- 
tion. 

controvert (-tro-verf), v.t. to con- 
tend against; refute; disprove. 

controvertible (-ver'ti-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being disputed. 

contumacious (-tQ-ma'shus), adj. 
perverse; obstinate. 

contumacy ('tu-ma-si), n. [pi. con- 
tumacies (-siz) ], obstinate or per- 
verse opposition to lawful authority. 



contumelious (-tu-meli-us), adj. 
haughtily contemptuous or offensive; 
supercilious. 

contumely ('tu-me-li), n. [pi. con- 
tumelies (-liz) ], haughty and con- 
temptuous rudeness; scornful and 
insolent abuse. 

contuse (kon-tuz'), v.t. to wound or 
bruise without breaking the skin. 

contusion (-tu'zhun), n. the act of 
contusing; the state of being con- 
tused. 

conundrum (ko-nun'drum), n. a rid- 
dle. 

convalesce (kon-va-les'), v.i. to re- 
cover strength and health after ill- 
ness. 

convalescence ('ens), n. gradual re- 
covery after illness. Also convales- 
cency. 

convalescent Cent), adj. recovering 
health. 

convene (kon-ven'), v.i. to meet to- 
gether: v.t. cause to assemble; sum- 
mon judicially. 

convenience (-ve'niens), n. fitness; 
freedom from discomfort; accommo- 
dation. 

convenient ('nient), adj. suitable; 
appropriate; affording accommoda- 
tion; handy. 

convent (kon'vent), n. a community 
of religious recluses; a nunnery; 
monastery. 

conventicle (-ven'ti-kl), n. an as- 
sembly for worship [usually imply- 
ing schism]. 

convention (-ven'shun), n. a polit- 
ical or ecclesiastical assembly; a 
diplomatic agreement. 

conventional (-al), adj. sanctioned 
by, or growing out of, custom or 
tacit agreement; based on accepted 
models or artistic rules. 

conventionalism (-al-izm), n. that 
which is received as established by 
usage, &c. 

conventionality (-al'i-ti), n. [pi. 
conventionalities (-tiz) ], adherence 
to conventional rules or precedents; 
artificiality. 

conventionalize (kon-ven'shun-a-llz) , 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CONVERGE 



189 



CONVULSION 



with ordinary 
tend 



v.i. 



to 



n. to harmonize 
usage or custom. 

converge (kon-verj') 
one point. 

convergence ('ens), n. [pi. conver- 
gences ('en-siz) ], tendency to one 
point. 

convergent Cent), adj. tending to 
one point. 

conversable (kon-vers'a-bl), social; 
inclined to converse. Also conversi- 
ble. 

conversant (kon'ver-sant), adj. ac- 
quainted or familiar with; profi- 
cient. 

conversation (-sa/shun), n. infor- 
mal or familiar talk. 

conversational (-al), adj. pertaining 
to conversation. 

conversazione (-ver-sat-ze-o'ne), n. 
[pi. conversazioni ('ne) ], a meeting 
for conversation, especially on lit- 
erary or scientific topics. 

converse (kon-vers'), v.i. to inter- 
change thoughts; talk familiarly: 
adj. & n. (kon-vers) reversed in 
order or relation; opposite; ac- 
quaintance; f amiliar talk. 
tversion (-ver'shun), n. change 
from one state, or from one religion, 
to another. 

mvert (kon-verf), v.t. to trans- 
mute; change from one religion to 
another; cause to undergo a moral 
change; apply to any use: n. (kon'- 
vert) one who changes from one 
jligion to another ; one who has un- 
undergone a moral change. 

iverter (er), n. one who con- 
verts; an iron retort used for con- 
verting pig iron into steel in the 
Bessemer process; a kind of electri- 
cal induction coil. 
ivertibility ('i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being convertible. 

ivertible (kon-ver'ti-bl), adj. 
trans mutable ; i nterchangeable . 
lvex (kon'veks), adj. curved on the 
exterior surface: opposed to con- 
cave: n. a convex body. 
mvexity ('i-ti), n. roundness. 

convexo-concave ('o-kon'kav), adj. 



convex on one side, concave on the 
other. 

convey (kon-va/), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
conveyed, p.pr. conveying], to carry 
or transport; transmit; impart; 
communicate; transfer the title to 
(property). 

conveyance ('ans), n. the act or 
means of conveying; a vehicle; the 
transference of property from one 
owner to another. 

conveyancer ('ans-er), n. a lawyer 
who draws up deeds, &c, transfer- 
ring property. 

convict (kon-vikf), v.t. to prove or 
pronounce guilty of a crime charged : 
n. (kon'vikt) a criminal sentenced 
to penal servitude. 

conviction (-vik'shun), n. the act of 
convicting; the state of being con- 
victed; strong belief. 

convince (kon-vins'), v.t. to satisfy 
by evidence or argument; persuade; 
cause to believe. 

convivial (kon-viv'i-al), adj. festive; 
jovial. 

convocation (kon-vo-ka'shun) , n. the 
act of convoking an assembly, es- 
pecially of bishops and beneficed 
clergy, or heads of a university; an 
assembly of clergy. 

convoke (kon-vok'), v.t. to call or 
summon together; convene. 

convolute (kon'vo-lut), adj. rolled 
upon itself; twisted. Also convo- 
luted. 

convolution (-lu'shun), n. a rolling 
together. 

convolve (-volv'), v.i. to roll 'to- 
gether. 

convoy (kon-voi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
convoyed, p.pr. convoying], to ac- 
company on the way for protection, 
by sea or land: n. (kon'voi) a pro- 
tecting force accompanying ships, 
goods, persons, &c. ; an escort. 

convulse (kon-vuls'), v.t. to agitate 
violently; shake; affect with convul- 
sions. 

convulsion (-vul'shun), n. an agita- 
tion; tumult; a violent and unnat- 
ural contraction of the muscles. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



CONY 



190 



CORAL 



cony or coney (ko'ni), n. [pi. conies 
('niz) ], a rabbit. 

coolie (ko5'li), n. an East Indian 
porter: adj. pertaining to coolies. 

coolly ('li), adv. in a cool manner. 

coom (koom), n. matter which col- 
lects at the naves of wheels, &c; 
soot; coal-dust. 

cooper ('er), n. a maker of barrels, 
casks, &c; a beverage, half stout 
and half porter; vessel that sells 
spirits, tobacco, &c, to fishermen, 
especially on the North Sea. 

cooperage ('er-aj), n. the business or 
workshop of a cooper; price for 
cooper's work. 

cooperate ('er-at), v.i. to act or work 
jointly; concur to produce the same 
effect. 

cooperation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
working jointly together; concur- 
rence. 

cooperative ('er-a-tiv), adj. promot- 
ing jointly the same end. 

cooper at or ('er-a-ter), n. one who 
acts or labors conjointly with others. 

coordinate (-or'di-nat), v.t. to place 
in the same order, class, &c; har- 
monize: adj. of the same rank or 
authority as another: n.pl. lines or 
other elements by which the position 
of any point is determined by a fixed 
figure or lines. 

coordination (-na/shun), n. state of 
being coordinate. 

cop (kop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. copped, 
p.pr. copping], to seize as a prisoner; 
throw underhand: n. a policeman. 

copperhead (-hed), n. a venomous 
American serpent. 

copal (ko-pal), n. a gum-resin: used 
in varnishes. 

coparcener (ko-par'se-ner), n. a 
confederate; one sharing with an- 
other in the same act; usually in a 
bad sense. 

cope (kop), n. sl large semi-circular 
ecclesiastical vestment, worn by 
bishops and priests over the surplice. 

cope (kop), v.i. to strive or contend 
(followed by with). 



copeck (ko'pek), n. a Russian coin, 
=l-100th rouble. Also kope&k. 

Copernican (ko-per'ni-kan), adj. 
pertaining to the astronomical sys- 
tem of Copernicus, which conceived 
the sun to be its center. 

copier (kop'i-er), n. a transcriber; 
imitator. 

coping (ko'ping), n. the top masonry 
of a wall. 

copious ('pi-us), adj. abundant; dif- 
fusive. 

copperplate (-plat), n. a polished 
copper plate on which something is 
engraved for printing: adj. pertain- 
ing to the art of engraving on cop- 
perplate. 

coppice (kop 'is), n. same as copse. 

copse (kops), n. a thicket of brush- 
wood: v.t. to cut and trim as brush- 
wood: v.i. to preserve or plant 
brushwood. 

copula ('u-la), n. [pi. copulas, or ae 
(-az, -e) ], a word which joins the 
subject and predicate in a sentence 
or proposition. 

copulate ('u-lat), v.i. to have sexual 
intercourse. 

copulation (-la/shun), n. sexual in- 
tercourse. 

copulative (-la'tiv), adj. uniting: n. 
a copulative conjunction. 

copy (kop'i), n. [pi. copies ('iz) ], an 
imitation; a transcript; a writing 
exercise; an original work: v.t. to 
transcribe; reproduce: v.i. imitate. 

copyist (-ist), n. one who copies. 

copyright (-rit), n. the exclusive 
right of an author in his literary or 
artistic work for a prescribed num- 
ber of years. 

coquet (ko-kef), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. co- 
quetted, p.pr. coquetting], to flirt; 
seek to attract attention or admi- 
ration; trifle. 

coquetry (ko'ket-ri), n. [pi. coquet 
lies (-riz) ], the act of coquetting; 
flirtation. 

coquette (ko-kef), n. a vain woman 
who seeks to gain men's attention 
and admiration. 

coral (kor'al), n. the hard, calcareous 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



I 



CORALLINE 



191 



CORNUCOPIA 



:eleton of certain marine polyps; 

le unimpregnated roe of the lob- 

: adj. pertaining to coral, 
-alline ('al-in), adj. consisting of, 
>r like, coral; of a color like coral: 

an orange-red dye stuff. 
'd (kdrd), n. a twisted string; a 

leasure of wood equal to 128 cub. 

. (8 ft. long 4 ft, high, 4 ft. broad) ; 

moral influence: v.t. to fasten or 
connect with a cord. 
rdage ('aj), n. a quantity of cords 
or ropes; ropes and rigging collec- 
tively. 
cordate (kor'dat), adj. heart-shaped. 
cordelle ('del), n. a twisted rope or 
tassel; a tow-rope. 

lial (kor'jal), adj. hearty; sin- 

;re; cheering: n. a medicine that 

lcreases the strength and restores 
the spirits; an aromatic and sweet- 

led spirit. 

liali ty ('i-ti) , n . sincere sympathetic 

miality; sincerity: heartiness. 
rdillera (-dil-ya'ra), n. a continu- 
ms ridge or chain of mountains. 

ling (kord'ing), n. the ribbed sur- 

tce of a twilled fabric. 

Ion (kor'don), n. a ribbon worn 
the badge of an order; a band; a 

mrse of projecting stones forming 

le coping of a scarf wall; a line of 

"itary posts. 

ion bleu (bloo), n. the highest 

stinction in any profession; a first- 
ilass cook. 

lovan ('do-van), n. a Spanish 

ither made of goatskin or split 
lorsehide tanned and dressed. Also 

>rdwain. 

luroy ('du-roi), n. a stout ribbed 
)r corded cotton; piled fustian: v.t. 
to construct (a corduroy road) . 

luroy road (rod), n. a roadway 

>rmed of logs laid side by *side 
icross swampy ground, &c. 

Iwainer (kord'wa-ner), n. a 

worker in leather; a shoemaker. 

(kor), n. the heart or innermost 
)art of anything, especially of fruit : 
i. to remove the core from; to 

lold or cast on a core. 



co-respondent (ko-re-spond'ent), n. 
a joint respondent in a divorce suit. 

coriaceous (ko-ri-a'shus), adj. like 
leather. 

coriander (kor-i-an'der), n. an um- 
belliferous plant, the seeds of which 
are used as a carminative. 

Corinthian (ko-rin'thi-an), adj. of, 
or pertaining to, Corinth, a cele- 
brated city of Greece, noted for its 
luxury and licentiousness; luxuri- 
ous ; conducted by amateurs ; noting 
the Corinthian order of architecture : 
n. a man about town; a gentleman 
yachtsman, or sportsman. 

corinthian bronze (bronz), n. an 
alloy of fine quality originally pro- 
duced at Corinth. 

corinthian order (or'der), n. the 
lightest and most ornate of the clas- 
sic orders of architecture, with a 
bell-shaped capital, and ornamented 
with acanthus leaves. 

corium (ko'ri-um), n. the innermost 
layer of skin of the cuticle. 

cormorant (kor 'mo-rant), n. a div- 
ing bird that preys voraciously on 
fish; a glutton. 

cornea (kor'ne-a), n. the horny circu- 
lar transparent membrane which 
forms the anterior portion of the 
eyeball. 

cornelian (-ne'lian), n. a semi-trans- 
parent variety of chalcedony. Also 
carnelian. 

corner the market to buy up a 
commodity so as to monopolize it. 

corner-stone (-ston), n. the princi- 
pal stone. 

cornet ('net), a kind of trumpet. 

cornflower ('flour), n. any wild 
plant growing in the cornfields, espe- 
cially the bluebottle. 

cornice ('nis), n. the highest projec- 
tion or border on a wall or column. 

cornstarch ('starch), n. starch made 
from meal of Indian corn; used for 
puddings, &c. 

cornucopia (kor-nii-ko'pi-a), n. [pi. 
cornucopias (-§), or -as (-az) ], the 
horn of plenty represented in sculp- 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CORNUTED 192 CORRESPONDENT 

ture, as overflowing with fruit, flow- sive fatness of body. Also corpu- 

ers, &c. lency. 

cornuted (-ut'ed), adj. horned. corpulent (-lent), adj. bulky; fat; 

corolla (ko-rol'a), n. the inner envel- having a large, fleshy body. 

ope of a flower composed of two or corpus ('pus), n. [pi. corpora ('po- 

more petals. ra) ], a body; collection; the chief 

corollary (kor'ol- or ko-rol'a-ri), n. part of an organ. 

an additional deduction or inference Corpus Christi (kris'ti), (Latin the 

drawn from a demonstrated propo- body of Christ), a Roman Catholic 

sition. festival (the first Thursday after 

corona (ko-ro'na), n. [pi. coronae Trinity Sunday) in honor of the 

('ne) ], a crown; the flat projecting Eucharist. 

part of a cornice; the upper surface corpuscle ('pus-1), n. a minute par- 

of a molar tooth; a halo surround- tide. 

ing heavenly bodies ; any crown-like corpuscular (-pus'ku-lar), adj. per- 

appendage at the top of an organ of taining to, or composed of, corpus- 

a plant. cles. 

coronal (kor'o- or ko-ro'nal), adj. corral (kor-ral'), n. sl pen for live 

pertaining -to the corona: n. a crown, stock; an inclosure with wagons; a 

or garland. strong stockade for capturing wild 

coronation (kor-o-na'shun), n. the act elephants: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. corralled, 

or ceremony of crowning a sovereign. ( p.pr. corralling], to drive into, or 

coroner (kor'o-ner), n. an officer who ' secure in, a corral; to take posses- 
inquires into cases of sudden or ac- sion of, or capture; corner, 
cidental death. correct (ko-rekt'), v.t. to set straight: 

coronet ('o-net), n. an inferior rectify; punish faults; amend: adj. 
crown; an ornamental headdress; exact; accurate; free from error; 
the bone immediately beneath a conforming to a fixed rule or stand- 
horse's hoof. ard. 

corporal (kor'po-ral), adj. relating correction ('shun), n. the act of cor- 
to the body; opposed to the mind: n. recting; chastisement, 
a communion cloth; a corporale; a corrective ('tiv), adj. able to correct: 
npn-commissioned officer of the low- n. that which corrects; an antidote, 
est grade. correlate (kor-e-laf), v.i. to be re- 
corporate (-rat), adj. united in a ciprocaily related: adj. reciprocally 
body or community by legal enact- related. 

ment - . . , . . , , correlation (-la/shun), n. reciprocal 

corporation (-ra shun), n. a body relation ; similarity or parallelism of 

politic having a common seal, and relation or law; the interdependence 

legally authorized to act as one mdi- f functions, organs, natural forces, 

vidual; a protuberant stomach. or phenomena. 

^materfa 1 ! body T physical' haVm§ & correspond (kor-elspond'), v.i. to be 

n - < r i /i v -. adequate to; agree; suit; answer; 

corps (kor), n. [pi. corps (korz) ], a communicate by letters, 

body ot troops; a body of persons j // n 

associated in a common work. correspondence ('ens), n. commum- 

,. , _ ,,. . cation by letters; mutual adapta- 

corps diplomatique (dip-lo-ma- tion; congruity. 

tek ), n. the ministers accredited to j . ,, , N ,. 

a government. correspondent ( ent), adj. agreeing 

n A v , , , . with; similar: n. one with whom m- 

corpse (korps), n. a dead body. tercourse is maintained by letters; 

corpulence (kor'pu-lens), n. exces- one who sends news to a journal. 

— 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CORRIDOR 



193 



COSTUME 



rridor (kor'i-dor), n. a gallery or 
open passage in a building. 
rrigible (kor'ij-i-bl), adj. capable 
of being amended, corrected, or re- 
formed. 

rroborate (kor-rob'or-at), v.t. con- 
firm; strengthen; establish; verify. 
rroboration (-ra/shun), n. verifi- 
cation. 

•rrode (kor-od'), v.t. to eat away 
gradually; consume; disintegrate. 

corrosion (kor-6'zhun), n. the act of 
corroding; a corroded condition. 

corrosive (kor-o'-siv), adj. capable of 
producing corrosion; n. a substance 
producing corrosion. 

corrugate ('oo-gat), v.t. to draw, or 
shape, into wrinkles or folds. 

corrugated iron (irn), n. sheet-iron 
pressed into alternate parallel ridges 
and grooves and galvanized. 

corrugation (-ga/shun), n. the act 
of corrugating; a fold or wrinkle. 

corrupt (kor-upf), v.t. to turn from 
a sound to an unsound and putres- 
cent state; make impure; vitiate or 
deprave; seduce; bribe: v.i. to be- 

t come putrid: adj. depraved; putrid; 
spoiled; abounding in errors; open 
to bribery. 
rruptible (-up'ti-bl), adj. capable 
of being corrupted ; subject to decay ; 
susceptible of being bribed. 
rruption (-up'shun), n. the act of 
corrupting; the state of being cor- 
rupted; physical dissolution. 
rsage (kor'sazh), n. a bodice; 
waist. 

rsair ('sar), n. a pirate. 
rse (kors), n. poetic for corpse. 
set ('set), n. a bodice: pi. a pair 
of stays: v.t. to inclose in corsets. 
rslet ('let), n. light body armor. 
rtege (kor-tazh), n. a train of at- 
tendants; retinue; procession. 
rtes (kor'tez), n.pl. the national 
and legislative assembly of Spain 
and Portugal. 
cortex (kor'teks), n. [pi. cortices 

('ti-sez)], outer bark or covering. 
cortical ('ti-kal), adj. consisting of, 
or like, bark; external. 



corundum (ko-run'dum), n. a min- 
eral of extreme hardness. 

coruscate (ko-rus' or kor'us-kat),y.i. 
to sparkle; flash. 

corvette (kor-vet), n. a sloop of war. 

corvine ('vin), adj. pertainiDg to a 
crow. 

corybants (kori-bants) , n. dancing 
priests. 

cosey, cosy (ko'zi), adj. & n. same 
as cozy. 

cosily (ko'zi-li), adv. snugly. 

cosmetic (koz-met'ik), adj. imparting 
or improving beauty; n. a wash or 
preparation for such a purpose. 

cosmic (koz'mik), adj. pertaining to 
the universe and the laws which gov- 
ern it; rising or setting with the 
sun. Also cosmical. 

cosmism ('mizm), n. Herbert Spen- 
cer's evolutionary philosophy. 

cosmogony (-mog'o-ni), n. a treatise 
on the world's origin. 

cosmography (-mog'ra-fi), n. the 
science which treats of the constitu- 
tion of the whole system of' worlds, 
or the earth as part of the universe. 

cosmology (-mol'6-ji), n. the science 
which investigates the origin of the 
world. 

cosmopolitan (-mo-pol'i-tan), n. a 
citizen of the world. Also cosmopo- 
lite: adj. at home in any part of the 
world. 

cosmorama (-mo-ra'ma), n. an exhi- 
bition or views, &c, of various parts 
of the world realistically produced. 

cosmos (koz'mos), n. the world or 
universe as an orderly system: op- 
posed to chaos. 

Cossack (kos'ak), n. one of a war- 
like tribe of Southern Russia, skilled 
as horsemen : adj. pertaining to Cos- 
sacks. 

costa (kos'ta), n. [pi. costae ('te)], a 
rib. 

costal ('tal), adj. pertaining to a rib. 

costate ('tat), adj. ribbed. 

costermonger ('ter-mung-ger), n. a 
hawker of fruit, vegetables, fish, &c. 

costive ('tiv), adj. constipated. 

costume (kos'tum), n. dress in gen- 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



COSY 



194 



COUNTERSEAL 



eral; style of dress; a walking or 
tailor-made dress: v.t. (kos-tum'), 
to dress in, or provide with, appro- 
priate costumes. 

cosy, another form of cozy. 

cotangent (ko-tan'jent), n. the tan- 
gent of the complement of an arc or 
angle. 

cote (kot), n. a hut; a sheepfold. 

cotemporary, cotemporaneous, &c, 
same as contemporary, &c. 

coterie (ko-te-re'), n. an association 
or set of persons united together for 
social or other intercourse; a clique. 

coterminous. Same as contermi- 
nous. 

cotillion (-til'yun), n. a brisk, lively 
dance for eight or more persons: 
music for such a dance; a black and 
white woolen skirt material. Also 
cotillon. 

cotter, cottier, cottar, abbreviations 
for cottager: n. one who dwells in a 
cottage; one who lives rent free on 
a common; .a wedge for tightening 
machinery. 

cotton-gin (-jin), n. a machine for 
separating the seeds from cotton 
fiber. 

couchant ('ant), adj. in heraldry, 
crouching or lying down. 

cougar (koo'gar), n. the puma. 

cough (koi),v.i. to expel air from 
the lungs by a violent effort. 

coulomb (koo-lom'), n. the electrical 
standard unit of quantity = a cur- 
rent or one ampere per second. 

coulter (kol'ter), n. a ploughshare. 

council (coun'sil), n. an assembly of 
persons met in consultation, or to 
give advice; a convocation; a mu- 
nicipal body. 

councillor (-er), n. a member of a 
common council. 

councilman (-man), n. [pi. council- 
men (-men) ], a member of a mu- 
nicipal council. 

counsel ('sel), n. interchange of opin- 
ion; advice; consultation; deliberate 
purpose or design; a barrister: v.t. 
[p. I. & p.p. counseled, p.pr. coun- 
seling], to give advice to; advise. 



counselor (-er), n. one who gives ad- 
vice, especially legal advice ; a mem- 
ber of #, council. 

count (kount), n. a title of nobility. 

countenance (koun'te-nans), n. the 
whole form of the face; appearance; 
support: v.t. to support; encour- 
age; favor. 

counter ('ter), adv. contrary; ad- 
verse; in an opposite direction; the 
wrong way; used in composition, as 
counter-evidence, evidence opposing 
other evidence; cownter-balance, to 
weigh or act against with equal force. 

counteract (-akf), v.t. to act in op- 
position to so as to defeat or hinder; 
neutralize. 

counterfeit (koun'ter-flt), - v.t. to 
make a copy of without authority 
for fraudulent purposes; forge; imi- 
tate: v.i. to carry on deception: adj. 
feigned; spurious; forged: n. an 
imitation; a forgery. 

counterfoil (-foil), n. that part of a 
document, as a cheque, &c, retained 
by the drawer. 

counterfort (-fort), n. a buttress 
built at right angles to a wall or 
terrace; a spur of a mountain. 

counter-light (-lit), n. a light op- 
posite any object, causing it to ap- 
pear to disadvantage. 

countermand (-mand), v.t. to re- 
voke or annul, as an order or com- 
mand; contradict the orders of : n. a 
revocation of a former order or com- 
mand. 

countermark (-mark), n. an addi- 
tional mark placed on goods for 
greater security; the mark of the 
Goldsmiths' Company to indicate 
the standard quality of gold or silver: 
v.t. to place a countermark upon. 

counterpane (-pan), n. a bed cover- 
let. 

counter-parole (-pa-rol'), n. a word 
given in addition to the password. 

counterpart (-part), n. a duplicate. 

counterpoint (-point), n. the science 
of harmony. 

counterseal (-sel), v.t. to seal with 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



COUNTERSIGN 



195 



COVERT 



others: n. the reverse side of a pen- 
dent seal attached to a document. 

countersign (-sin'), v.t. to authenti- 
cate by an additional signature: n. 
(koun'ter-sm) an additional signa- 
ture to a document to attest it; a 
military watchword. 

countersink (-singk), v.t. to drill (a 
conical depression) in timber or 
metal to receive a screw or bolt so 
that the head is flush with the sur- 
face. 

countervail (-val), v.t. to compen- 
sate; counteract; counterbalance. 

countess (koun'tes), n. the wife of 
an earl or count. 

counting-house (-hous), n. the 
room where accounts or mercantile 
i transactions are carried on. 

coup (koo), n. a sudden telling blow, 
a master-stroke. 

coupe (koo-pa/), n. the front com- 
partment of a French stage-coach; 
the end of a first-class carriage. 

couplet (kuplet), n. two successive 
lines of verse which rhyme together. 

coupon (koo'pon), n. a certificate at- 
tached to transferable bonds, which 
is intended to be cut off and pre- 
sented for the payment of dividends 
when due; a section of a ticket en- 
titling the holder to some specified 
accommodation, &c, over a line or 
route to be traveled, or to a seat in 
a theater, &c. 

courage (kur'aj), n. fortitude; valor. 

courageous (-a/jus), adj. brave; bold. 

courier (koo'ri-er), n. an express 
messenger; a traveling attendant 
who makes preliminary arrange- 
ments. 

course (kors), n. a race; a path or 
track; career; direction or line of 
motion; regular sequence; the por- 
tion of a meal served at one time; 
conduct; behavior; 

courser ( 'er), n. a swift and spirited 
horse; a war-horse; one who courses, 
a running bird of the ostrich family. 

coursing ('irig), n. the sport of pur- 
suing hares with greyhounds. 

court (kort), n. an enclosed space; a 



small paved space surrounded by 
houses; a royal palace; the retinue 
of a sovereign; a hall of justice; 
the judges, &c, engaged there; ad- 
dress; civility; flattery: v.t. to pay 
court to; woo; flatter; solicit. 

courteous (ker'te-us), adj. polite; 
obliging. 

courtesan ('te-zan), n. a prostitute. 

courtesy ('te-si), n. [pi. courtesies 
(-siz) ], politeness combined with 
kindness; civility. 

courtier (kort'yer), n. one who fre- 
quents or attends court; one who 
solicits the favor of another; one 
having courtly manners. 

courtly ('li), adj. refined; elegant. 

court-martial (mar'shal), n. [pi. 
courts-martial], a court of justice 
composed of naval or military offi- 
cers for the trial of disciplinary 
offenses. 

court-plaster ('plas-ter), n. a supe- 
rior kind of sticking-plaster, origi- 
nally used by ladies at court for or- 
namental patches on the face. 

courtship ('ship), n. the act of wooing. 

courtyard ('yard), n. an inclosed 
space adjoining a house. 

cousin (kuz'in), n. the son or daugh- 
ter of an uncle or aunt; a kinsman; 
a title of address used by a sover- 
eign to noblemen. 

cousin-german (-jerman), n. a first 
cousin. 

cove (kov), n. a small sheltered inlet 
or creek; a retired nook; a hollow 
molding; a fellow: v.i. to arch over. 

covenant (kuv'e-nant), n. a written 
agreement; deed; bargain; a free 
promise of God's blessing; a solemn 
agreement of fellowship and faith 
between members of a church: v.i. 
to enter into a formal agreement; 
bind one's self by contract. 

covenanter (-er), n. one who enters 
into a covenant. 

covert (kuv'ert), adj. concealed; cov- 
ered; disguised; insidious; under 
authority or protection; said of a 
married woman: n. a place that pro- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



COVERTURE 



196 



CRANK-PIN 



tects or shelters; a thicket; shelter 
for game. 

coverture ('er-tur), n. a cover; shel- 
ter; the status of a married woman. 

covet (kuv'et), v.t. to desire earnestly; 
lust after: v.i. to indulge in inordi- 
nate desire. 

covetous (-us), adj. inordinately de- 
sirous, especially of money; avari- 
cious. 

covey (kuv'i), n. a hatch or brood 
of birds, especially partridges. 

coving (kov'ing), n. the projection 
of the upper stories of a house over 
the lower. 

coward Card), n. one without cour- 
age; a dastard; poltroon. 

cowardice (-is), n. dishonorable fear. 

cower (kou'er), v.i. to crouch or sink 
down through fear; tremble. 

cowl (koul), n. a monk's hood; a re- 
volving cover for a chimney pot. 

cowlick ('lik), n. a tuft of hair 
turned up or awry on the forehead. 

cowpox ('poks), n. a disease which 
affects the teats of cows, producing 
vesicles; from these the vaccine 
matter is obtained for inoculation 
against smallpox. 

cowrie ('ri), ■ n. [pi. cowries (-riz) ], 
a small glossy shell, used as money 
by some African tribes, and in Siam. 
Also cowry. 

cowslip ('slip), n. a species of prim- 
rose. 

coxcomb ('kom), n. something re- 
sembling a cock's comb formerly 
worn by licensed jesters; a vain, 
pretentious, conceited fellow; a fop. 

coxswain (kok'sun), n. the steers- 
man of a boat, especially in a race. 

coy (koi), adj. modest; bashful; de- 
mure. 

coyote (koi-ot' or ko-yo'ta), n. the 
prairie-wolf: v.i. (koi-ot') to search 
for gold single-handed, and as by 
chance. 

cozen (kuz'n), v.t. to cheat. 

crabbed ('ed), adj. morose; hard to 
decipher. 

crabby ('i), adj. crabbed. 

cracked (krakt), adj. split; blem- 



ished; broken; insane; legally im- 
perfect. 

crackle (krak'l), v.i. to make a 
slight, sharp explosive noise: v.t. 
cover with a delicate network of 
minute cracks. 

cracknel ('nel), n. a hard fancy 
biscuit. 

cracksman ('s-man), n. [pi. cracks- 
men ('men)], a burglar. 

craft (kraft), n. manual skill; a 
trade; cunning; fraud; a small 
trading vessel. 

craftsman (krafts'man), n. [pi. 
craftsmen ('men)], a skilled artisan; 
a member of a particular trade. 

crafty (craf'ti), adj. cunning; artful. 

crag (krag), n. a steep, rugged rock; 
shelly deposits in Pliocene strata. 

cramp (kramp), n. a rectangular 
piece of iron with a tightening 
screw at one end; a spasmodic mus- 
cular contraction of the limbs; a 
piece of iron bent at both ends for 
holding: v.t. to affect with muscular 
spasms; confine; secure with a 
cramp. 

crampit (kram'pit), n. the metal tip 
of a scabbard, or staff. 

crampoons ('poonz), n.pl. an ap- 
paratus like double calipers for rais- 
ing heavy weights. 

cranberry ('ber-ri), n. [pi. cranber- 
ries (-riz)], the marsh whortleberry, 
with red acid berries. 

crane (kran), n. a large wading bird 
with very long legs and neck, and a 
long straight bill; a machine for 
raising heavy weights: v.t. to stretch 
or bend (the neck) like a crane: v.i. 
hesitate at a dangerous jump. 

cranial (kra'ni-al), adj. pertaining 
to the skull. 

craniology (-ni-ol'o-ji), n. the scien- 
tific study of skulls and their char- 
acteristics. 

cranium ('ni-um), n. [pi. crania], 
the skull. 

crank-case (krank'-kas), n. the metal 
casing in an automobile that holds 
the piston rod. 

crank-pin (krank'-pin) , n. a pin at 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CRANK-SHAFT 



197 



CREDULITY 



the end of the crank in any piece 
of machinery. 

crank-shaft (krank'-shaft), n. the 
shaft or rod that bears the crank 
in machinery. 

cranky ('i), adj. full of crotchets or 
cranks; liable to be upset; in a 

- shaky or loose condition. 

crannied (kran'id), adj. full of 
chinks. 

crape (krap), n. a thin black gauze 
made of raw silk and gummed : v.t. 
to cover or drape with crape. 

crass (kras), adj. gross; dense; obtuse. 

crate (krat), n. sl wicker hamper. 

crater (kra/ter), n. the cup-shaped 
cavity of a volcano; an ancient 
goblet. 

craunch. See crunch. 

cravat (kra-vaf), n. a neckcloth. 

craven (kra/vn), adj. cowardly; base; 
n. a coward; recreant. 
raving ('ving), n. a strong desire. 

:raw (kraw), n. a bird's crop. 

crawfish (kraw'fish) or crayfish 
(kra/) n. the common name of a 
fresh-water lobster-like crustacean; 
the spiny lobster. 

crayon (kra'un), n. a kind of chalk 
pencil; a drawing done with cray- 
ons; one of the carbon points of an 
arc-light: adj. drawn with crayons: 
v.t. to sketch out, as with a crayon. 

:raze (kraz), v.i. to become demented ; 
Open in slight cracks: v.t. to pro- 
duce cracks; render insane: n. a 
passing fashion or infatuation; a 
crack in pottery glaze. 

:razily (-li), adv. in a crazy manner. 

:razy (kra'zi), adj. insane; dilapi- 
dated; foolishly eager. 

crazy-work (-werk), n. patchwork 
of irregular sized pieces of silk, &c. 
:reak (krek), v. i. to make a sharp, 
harsh, grating sound: n. such a 
sound. 
:ream of tartar (of tar'tar), n. 

purified tartar or argol. 
:reamery ('er-i), n. [pi. creameries 
(-iz) ], a place where butter and 
cheese are made, or where cream, 
&c, are sold. 



cream-laid, adj. noting a paper of 
a creamy-white color, showing the 
lines of the mold impressed on it: 
opposed to cream-wove, which has 
no such lines. 

crease (kres), n. a mark made by 
folding or doubling anything; a line 
drawn to define the limits of bowler 
and batsman: v.t. make a crease in. 

creatable (kre-at'a-bl), adj. * that 
may be created. 

create (kre-af), v. t. to cause to come 
into existence; form out of nothing; 
invest with a new rank, office, or 
function: v.i. to originate. 

creatine ('a-tin), n. a white crystal- 
line substance in muscular tissue. 
Also kreatine. 

creation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
creating; the thing created; the 
. universe. 

creator ('ter), n. one who creates. 

Creator, n. the Supreme Being. 

creature (kre'tur), n. anything cre- 
ated, especially a living being; one 
dependent on the influence of an- 
other: adj. of, or belonging to, the 
body. 

creche (krash), n. a public nursery. 

credence (kre'dens), n. belief; trust. 

credenda (-den'da), n. pi. articles of 
faith. 

credential (-den'shal), adj. giving a 
claim or title to credit: n.pl. letters 
or certificates given to a person to 
show he has a right to confidence or 
the exercise of authority. 

credibility (kred-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being credible. 

credible ('i-bl), adj. worthy of cred- 
it; probable. 

credit (kred'it), v.t. to believe; 
trust; have confidence in; enter on 
the credit side of an account: n. 
belief; honor; trust reposed; sale 
on trust; time allowed for payment 
of goods sold. 

creditor (-er), n. one to whom an- 
other is indebted for money or 
goods. 

credulity (-du'li-ti), n. ready belief. 



ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CREDULOUS 198 CRIMINATE 

credulous (kred'u-lus), adj. easily taining fire, used as a torch; a 

imposed upon. cooper's implement. 

creed (kred), n. a brief statement of crest (krest), n. a plume of feathers 

belief. on the head of a bird, helmet, &c; 

creek (krek), n. a small bay; cove. the ridge of a wave; summit of a 

creel (krel), n. a wicker fishing bas- hill; courage; pride ; spirit; v.t. to 

ket; a wickerwork cage: v.t. to put furnish or adorn with a crest; mark 

in a creel; catch. with lines or streaks: v.i. to take 

creepy ('i), adj. shivering; chilled. the form of a crest or ridge. 

cremate (kre'mat), v.t. to reduce to crestfallen ('fawl-n), adj. dejected, 
ashes by heat, especially dead bodies, cretaceous (kre-ta'shus), adj. corn- 
cremation (-ma'shun)/n. the act of posed of, or like, chalk; chalky, 
cremating. cretin (kret'ang) _ n. a person af- 

cremator (-ma'ter), n. a furnace for flicted with cretinism. 

consuming dead bodies, refuse, &c. cretinism (kre'tan-ism), n. an en- 
crematory ('ma-to-ri), adj. pertain- demic disease, usually found only in 
ing to cremation : n. [pi. crematories the high altitudes of mountainous 
(-riz) ], a place for burning the districts, sometimes attributed to 
dead. the drinking of snow-water. 

crenate ('nat), adj. notched. cretonne (kre-ton'), n. an unglazed 

crenellated (kren'el-a-ted), adj. dec- cotton fabric printed on one side, 

orated with indented moldings (ere- crevasse (krev-as'), n. a deep fissure 

nelles). in a glacier ice; a breach in a levee 

creole (kre'ol), n. a native of Span- or embankment of a river. 

ish America or the West Indies, de- crevice (krev'is), n. a crack; fissure, 

scended from European (originally crew, p.t. of crow. 

Spanish) ancestors: adj. pertaining crew (kroo), n. a ship or boat's com- 

to a Creole. pany; a crowd or company of peo- 

creosol ('o-sol), n. an oily liquid re- pie. 

sembling phenol. crewel ('el), n. fine twisted worsted, 

creosote ('o-sot), n. a heavy oily &c, used in fancy work. 

liquid with a smoky smell, prepared crib (krib), n. a rack or manger; a 

from wood-tar: used as an antisep- stall for horses or cattle; a child's 

tic: v.t. to impregnate with creosote. bed; a small lodging; a situation; 

crepitate (krep'i-tat), v.i. to make a a petty theft; a plagiarism; a lit- 

slight, sharp, crackling noise. eral translation: v.t. [p.t. &. p.p. 

crepitation (-i-ta'shun), n. a low cribbed, p.pr. cribbing], to confine; 

crackling noise. _ steal; plagiarize: v.i. make notes 

crepon (kre'pon), n. a thin crape- for dishonest use in an examination, 

like material of wool, silk, or cotton, cribbage ('aj), n. a card game. 

crept, p.t. & p.p. of creep. crick (krik), n. a painful stiffness of the 

crescent (kres'ent), adj. growing: n. muscles of the neck, or local spasm. 

an increasing or new moon; a figure crick et ('et), n. the well-known game 

like a new moon; the Moslem played with wickets , bats, and a 

power v.t to form into a crescent ball bv eleven players on each side; 

cresol (kre sol), n. a phenol obtained a cnir pi ng i nsec t. 

from coal and wood-tar. . . . & , . N , , . , - 

cress (kres), n. a name for various cr V cke . tm 1 ? s J i" mgz 1 ) ' n ' vL a kmd of 

cruciferous plants, as the water- fine twilled flannel, 

cress. criminal ('i-nal), adj. pertaining to 

cresset ('et), n. a light set on a crime: n. one guilty of a crime, 

beacon; an open frame of iron con- criminate ('i-nat), v.t. to accuse, 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



CRIMINATION 



199 



CRONY 



or declare guilty, of crime; involve 
in a crime. 

crimination (-i-na'shun), n. accusa- 
tion. 

criminology (-i-nol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
entific investigation of crimes and 
criminals. 

crimp (krimp), v.t. to bend or twist 
in regular undulations; to cause to 
contract, as the flesh of live fish; 
decoy for enlistment: n. formerly 
one who entrapped men for the En- 
glish navy or army, or the merchant 
service; one who keeps a low lodging- 
house for seamen. 

crimson (krim'zn), n. a deep red color 
inclining to purple: adj. crim- 
son-colored: v.t. to dye with crim- 
son: v.i. to blush. 

cringe (krinj), v.i. to bend or crouch 
from fear or with servility: n. a 
servile bow. 

crinkle (kring'kl), v.t. to wrinkle; 
corrugate: v.i. to be corrugated or 
crimped : n . a wrinkle ; bend. 

crinoline (krin'o-lin) , n. a hoop- 
skirt; a stiff fabric for stiffening a 
garment. 

cripple (krip'l), v.t. to deprive of the 
use of a limb; disable: n. one who 
is lame. ^ 

crippling (ling), n. spars or tim- 
bers used to support the sides of a 
building. 

crisis (kri'sis) n. [pi. crises (-sez)], 
a turning point; a critical turn in 
a disease; emergency; conjuncture. 

crisp (krisp), a'dj. wavy; curled; 
brittle; cheerful; terse; sparkling; 
v.t. to curl; ripple: v.i. to form little 
curls ; become friable. 

crispate ('at), adj. curled. i 

Crispin ('in), n. a shoemaker: in 
allusion to St. Crispin, the patron 
saint of shoemakers. 

criss-cross ('kros), n. an, intersec- 
tion; a child's game played with 
O's and X's: adj. going backwards 

1 forwards. 
iter ion (kri-te'ri-on), n. [pi. cri- 
teria (-a)], a standard, law. or rule 



by which a correct judgment can 
be formed. 

crith (krith), n. a unit of mass, used 
for gases = 1 liter of hydrogen. 

critic (krit'ik), n. one skilled in criti- 
cism; one who judges captiously. 

critical (-al), adj. nicely exact; 
skilled in criticism; censorious; per- 
taining to the turning point of a 
disease. 

criticise ('i-siz), v.t. to examine or 
judge as a critic; censure: v.i. to 
review. 

criticism ('i-sizm), n. the art of judg- 
ing and defining the merits of a 
literary or artistic work; censure. 

critique (kri-tek'), n. a careful an- 
alysis of a literary or artistic pro- 
duction. 

croak (krok), v.i. to make a sound 
like a raven &c; grumble: n. the 
low, hoarse sound of the raven or 
frog. 

crochet (kro-sha'), n. a kind of knit- 
ting with a hooked needle, in cotton, 
wool, &c: v.t. to work in crochet. 

crock (krok), n. soot on a kettle, 
&c; an earthenware pot or vessel: 
v.t. to blacken with soot; smudge. 

crocket ('et), n. an ornament em- 
ployed to decorate the angles of 
spires, canopies, &c; one of the 
ends of a stag's horn. 

crocodile ( '6-dil, or -dil), n. a large 
lizard-like amphibian reptile, with 
hard square scales on its back and 
tail. 

crocus (kro'kus), n. a genus of irida- 
ceous plants, from one species of 
which saffron is obtained. 

croft (kroft), n. a small farm, or in- 
closed field. 

crofter ('er), n. a small farmer of 
Western Scotland, who rents and 
tills a small farm. 

cromlech (krom'lek), n. an ancient 
monument of rough stones with one 
huge flat stone resting horizontally 
upon others. 

crone (kron), n. an old woman. 

crony ('ni), n. [pi. cronies ('niz) ], 
a familiar friend. 



, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CROON 200 CRUISE 

croon (kroon), v.i. to utter a hollow sides at a gaming table and collects 
continued moan; sing in a soft, or pays out the money won or lost; 
plaintive tone. a vice-chairman. 

cropper (krop'er), n. a fall, usually crowbar ('bar), n. an iron lever, 
from a horse. crown (kroun), n. a royal headdress 

croquet (kro-ka'), n. a lawn game worn as the insignia of sovereignty; 
played with mallets, balls, and regal power; a wreath; the top; an 
hoops: v.t. to drive away, as an op- English silver coin (5s); the cor- 
ponent's ball after placing one's own ona of a flower; the upper part of a 
in contact with it. tooth; a size of printing paper (15 

croquette (-ket/), n. ball of mince- x 20 in.): v.t. to invest with a 
meat, fish, or fowl, seasoned and crown; adorn or dignify; complete; 
fried brown. reward. 

crosier (kro'zher), n. a bishop's staff, crow's-nest ('z-nest), n. a look-out, 

cross-bill ('bil), n. a bill brought by or watch-tower, on the main-top- 
a defendant against a plaintiff pray- mast crosstrees of a whaling vessel, 
ing for relief; a bird with a cross- croy (kroi), n. marsh land; an in- 
shaped bill. closure for taking fish. 

crossbow ('bo), n. a shooting weap- crucial (kroo'shial), adj. cruciform; 
on, having a bow across the stock. intersecting; severe; searching. 

cross-breed ('bred), n. an animal crucible ('si-bl), n. a melting-pot. 
produced by a male and female of crucifier ('si-fi-er), n. one who cru- 
different varieties. cifies. 

cross-examination (-eg-zam-i-na'- crucifix ('si-fiks), n. [pi. crucifixes 
shun), n. the questioning of a wit- (-ez)'j, a cross with the sculptured 
ness by his own, or the opposing, figure of Christ, 
counsel. crucifixion (-si-fik'shun), n. the act 

cross-grained ('grand), adj. with of crucifying, especially the cruci- 
an irregular grain or fiber; con- fixion of Christ upon the cross; 
trary or awkward in temper. great mental trial, or suffering. 

cross-question (-kwes'chun), v.t. to cruciform ('si-form), n. cross-shaped, 
cross-examine. crucify ('si-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cru- 

cross-stitch ('stich), n. a stitch cified, p.pr. crucifying], to put to 
formed of two stitches of the same death by nailing the hands and feet 
length, the one crossing the other. to a cross; torture; destroy the 

cross-tie ('ti), n. a railroad sleeper. power of (Gal. v. 24). 

crotch (kroch),n. a hook or fork. crude (krood), adj. in a natural 

crotchet ('et), n. a musical note = state; unripe; raw; immature; un- 
l-4th a semibreve; a bracket; a cultured; harsh in color, 
whim or fancy. crudity ('i-ti), n. [pi. crudities (-tiz) J, 

crotchety ( et-i), adj. whimsical; odd. the state or condition of being crude. 

croton-oil (-oil), n. a viscid vege- cruel (kroo'el), adj. disposed to give 

table oil expressed from the seeds pain to others; merciless; hard- 

a , tro P lcal p ^ nt - hearted; fierce; painful; unrelent- 

crouch (krouch), v.i. to stoop low: ing: adv. very. 

r»i. rt ,,« n^RSr^ +u u x cruelty ('el-ti), n. [pi. cruelties 

behind the saddle; inflammation of cruet ( et )> n ' a sma11 S lass viaL 
the trachea and larynx, with a hoarse cruise. Same as cruse, 
cough and difficult breathing. cruise (krooz), v.i. to sail to and fro; 

croupier ( pi-er), n. one who pr e- wander about: n. a voyage from 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CRUISER 



201 



CUBO-CUBE 



place to place for warlike purposes, 
or for pleasure. 

cruiser ('er), n. a person, or ship, 
that cruises; fast warship. 

crumb (krum), n. the soft inner part 
of bread; a fragment of bread; a 
little piece: v.t. to dress with 
crumbs. 

crumble ('bl), v.t. to break into 
crumbs; cause to fall into pieces: 
v.i. to disappear gradually. 

crummy ('i), adj. having crumbs; soft. 

crumpet ('pet), n. a soft tea-cake. 

crumple Cpl), v.t. to press into 
wrinkles; rumple: v.i. to become 
rumpled. 

crunch (krunch), v.t. to crush with 
the teeth; grind violently : v.i. to chew 
audibly: n. the act of crunching. 

crupper (krup'er), n. the buttocks of 
a horse; the looped leather band 
passing round a horse's tail: v.t. 
to put a crupper on. 

crural (kroo'r&l), adj. pertaining to 
the leg or thigh; leg-shaped. 

crusade (kroo-sad'), n. a mediaeval 
military expedition under the ban- 
ner of the cross by any one of the 
Christian powers to recover the 
Holy Land; vigorous concerted ac- 
tion for the defense of some cause, 
or the advancement of some idea: 
v.i. to engage in a crusade. 

cruse (kroos), n. an earthen pot or 
dish; a small vessel for holding 
liquids. 

Crustacea (krus'ta'shi-a), n.pl. a 
prime division of the Orthropoda, 
comprising crabs and lobsters. 

crustaceous (-ta'shi-us), adj. shelly. 

crusty (krus'ti), adj. like a crust; 
rough in manner; surly; snappish. 

crutch (kruch), n. a support for 
cripples; any mechanical device like 
a crutch; the forked rest on a 
woman's saddle. 

crypt (kript), n. a subterranean cell 
or vault, usually under a church: 
sometimes used as a chapel or 
shrine. 

cryptic ('ik), adj. hidden; secret. 



cryptogram ('t5-gram), n. a writing, 
or a system of writing, in cipher. 

crypton (krip'ton), n. an element of 
the atmosphere, recently discovered. 

cryptonym ('to-nim), n. a secret 
name. 

crystal (kris'tal), n. an inorganic 
body having a definite geometrical 
form; a glass of superior clearness; 
anything transparent and clear: adj. 
consisting of crystal; clear; trans- 
parent. 

crystalline ('ta-lm), adj. pertaining 
to, or having the form of, a crystal; 
clear; transparent. 

crystallization (-li-za/shun), n. the 
act of crystallizing. 

crystallize ('tal-Iz), v.t. to cause to 
form crystals or a crystalline struc- 
ture: v.i. to be converted into crys- 
tals; assume a definite shape. 

cubage (ku'baj), n. the act of de- 
termining the contents of a solid; 
the contents so measured. 

cubby-hole (kub'i-hol), n. a snug 
place. 

cube (kub), n. a regular solid body 
with six equal square sides or faces; 
the product obtained by multiplying 
the square of a quantity by the 
quantity itself, as 5 X 5 X 5 = 
125, cube of 5: v.t. to raise to the 
third power, or cube. 

cube root ('root), n. the first power of 
a cube, as 5 of 125. 

cubeb (ku'beb), n. the small spicy 
berry of a species of pepper; Java 
pepper. 

cubic ('bik), adj. having the form of 
properties of a cube. Also cubical. 

cubist (ku'bist), n. one of a new errat- 
ic school of painters, which holds 
that art shall be nothing but an 
expression of the individual or the 
"soul" of the painter, and denies 
any representation of nature or 
form of decoration. 

cubit Chit), n. an ancient measure 
of about 18 inches; the forearm 
from the elbow to the wrist. 

cubo-cube ('bo-kub), n. the square 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CUCKING-STOOL 



202 



CUMULATIVE VOTE 



of the cube, or the sixth power of a 
number, as 729 = 3 6 . 

cucking-stool (kuk'ing-stool), n. a 
kind of chair in which disorderly 
females, scolds, &c, were placed and 
exposed to the public. 

cuckold (kuk'old), n. the husband of 
an adulteress; the burdock. 

cuckoo (kook'oo), n. a passerine bird 
with a dark plumage and curved 
bill: so named from its character- 
istic note. 

cucumber (ku'kum-ber), n. a creep- 
ing plant, the elongated fruit of 
which is used as a salad, and as a 
pickle. 

cud (kud), n. food brought from the 
first stomach of a ruminating ani- 

. mal back into the mouth and chewed 
again. 

cuddle (kud'l), v.t. to embrace close- 
ly: v.i. to lie close or snug: n. a close 
embrace. 

cudgel (kuj'el), n. a short thick 
stick: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cudgeled, p.pr. 
cudgeling], to beat with a cudgel. 

cue (ku), n. the tail or end of a thing; 
a queue; a hit; the last word of an 
actor's speech; the part one has to 
play; a number of persons waiting 
ranged in a line; the tapering rod 
used in billiards. 

cuirass (kwe-ras'), n. a breastplate. 

cuirassier (-eV), n. a cavalry soldier 
armed with a cuirass. 

cuisine (kwe-zen'), n. the kitchen of 
a hotel, &c; style or quality of 
cooking. 

cul-de-sac (koo'de-sak), n. [pi. culs- 
de-sac], a passage open only at one 
end; a position in which an army 
finds itself when hemmed in and no 
exit but in front. 

culinary ^ (ku'li-na-ri) adj. pertaining 
to the kitchen, or the art or process 
of cooking. 

cull (kul), v.t. to pick out; select; 
gather. 

culminate ('mi-nat), v.i. to reach 
the highest point of altitude, rank, 
power, &c; come to the meridian. 

culmination (-na/shun), the at- 



tainment of the highest point; the 
transit of a planet through the me- 
ridian. 

culpability (-pa-bil'i-ti), n. liability 
to blame. 

culpable ('pa-bl), adj. deserving cen- 
sure; criminal; blameworthy. 

culpatory ('pa-to-ri), adj. censuring. 

culprit Cprit), n. one arraigned be- 
fore a judge; one accused of a crime 
or fault. 

cult (kult), n. a particular ritual or 
system of worship; a subject of 
special study; devoted or extrava- 
gant homage or adoration. 

cultch (kulch), n. materials forming 
a spawning bed for oysters; oyster- 
spawn. 

cultivate (kul'ti-vat), Pi. to till; im- 
prove by care, labor, or study; 
seek the society of. 

cultivation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
cultivating; tillage; culture. 

cultivator ('ti-va-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, cultivates; a farmer; 
an agricultural implement. 

cultural ('tur-al), adj. pertaining to 
culture. 

culture ('tur), n. tillage; the train- 
ing or refining of the moral or in- 
tellectual faculties; care given to 
the growth and development of ani- 
mals and plants; the propagation 
of bacteria for scientific study. 

culverin ('ver-in), n. a long cannon 
of the 16th century with serpent- 
shaped handles. 

culvert (Vert), n. a drain or water- 
way of masonry or brickwork under 
a road, &c. 

cumber (kum'ber), v.t. to hinder; 
embarrass; oppress; perplex. 

cumbrous ('brus), adj. troublesome; 
vexatious; heavy; obstructing. 

cumin (kum'in), n. a plant, with 
warm aromatic bitterish seeds. Also 
cummin. 

cumulative (ku'mu-la-tiv), adj. aug- 
menting or giving force; increasing 
by successive additions* 

cumulative vote (vot), n. a system 
of voting by which a voter votes for 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CUMULUS 



203 



CURLY 



ich candidate, or gives all his votes 
one. 

iulus (kum'u-lus), n. [pi. cumuli 
-li) ], a cloud in round woolly 



leate (kti'ne-at), adj. wedge- 
shaped. 

ineiform (-i-form), adj. having the 
form of a wedge : said of the wedge- 
shaped characters of the Assyrian 
and ancient Persian inscriptions. 
Also arrowhead. 
cunning (kun'ing), adj. crafty; sly; 
designing; subtle: n. deceit; crafti- 
ness; the natural instinct of an 
animal. 
cupel (kti'pel), n. a shallow porous 
vessel in which gold and silver are 

jfined: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cupeled, 
p.pr. cupeling], to refine (precious 
metals) from lead in a cupel. 

>ful (kup'fool), n. [pi. cupfuls 

/foolz) ], as much as a cup will 
3ontain. 
ipidity (kti-pid'i-ti), n. covetous- 

less. 

ipoia ('po-la), n. [pi. cupolas (-laz) ], 
spherical cup-shaped roof; a 

evolving shot-proof turret. 
ipreous ('pre-us), adj. coppery. 

>ric ('prik), adj. pertaining to cop- 

>r. 

>riferous (-prif'er-us), adj. yield- 
ing copper. 

►ule Cpul), n. a little cup, as of 

le acorn; a small cup-shaped 

able (kiir'a-bl), adj. remediable. 
acy (kti'ra-si), n. the office or dis- 

ct of a curate. 
ari (-ra'ri), n. a black resinous 

bstance prepared from the bark 
)f a South American tree, used by 

e natives for poisoning their ar- 
ows: it is a powerful anaesthetic. 
arine ('rin), n. an alkaloid ex- 
act of curari of a more deadly 
ature. 

arize ('rlz), v.t. to poison by curari. 
assow (-ras'o), n. a large galli- 

ceous South American bird. 



curate (ku'rat), n. a clergyman who 
assists a vicar or incumbent. . 

curative ('ra-tiv), adj. pertaining to 
the cure of diseases; promoting 
cure: n. that which cures or serves 
to cure. 

curator (-ra'ter), n. the superintend- 
ent of a museum, art gallery, &c. 

curb (kerb), v.t. restrain; keep in 
subjection; furnish with, or- as 
with, a curb: n. that which checks, 
restrains, or subdues; a part of a 
horse's bridle; a curbstone. 

curbing (kerb'ing), n. curbstones 
collectively; material for curbstones. 

curbstone ('ston), n. the stone-edge 
of a path. 

curd (kerd), n. the coagulated part 
of milk, containing casein: v.t. to 
cause to curdle. 

curdle (ker'dl), v.t. to thicken into 
curd: v.i. to coagulate. 

curdy ('di), adj. like, or full of, curd. 

cure (ku-ra/), n. in France, a Roman 
Catholic parish priest. 

curfew (ker'fti), n. a bell originally 
rung at 8 p. m. as an intimation 
that fires and lights were to be ex- 
tinguished. 

curia (ku'ri-a), n. the court of the 
Pope at Rome. 

curio ('ri-o), n. [pi. curios (-oz) ], 
bric-a-brac; a curiosity. 

curiosity (-os'i-ti), n. [pi. curiosities 
(-tiz) ], the quality of being curious; 
inquisitiveness; something strange 
or rare. 

curioso (-o'so), n. [pi. curiosi ('si) ],• 
a virtuoso. 

curious ('ri-us), adj. desirous to see 
or know something new or strange; 
inquisitive; scrutinizing; exact; ex- 
traordinary. 

curlew ('lu), n. migratory short- 
tailed wading bird with a long 
curved bill. 

curling (ling), n. a popular Scottish 
game played on the ice with smooth, 
flat, cheese-shaped stones, fitted with 
handles. 

curly (li), adj. having curls; wavy. 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CURMUDGEON 



curmudgeon (-mud'jun), n. a grasp- 
ing, churlish fellow; a niggard. 

currant ('ant), n. a small variety of 
dried grape 1 ; the well-known shrub 
and its berry. 

currency ('en-si), n. a continual 
passing from hand to hand; unin- 
terrupted course; the circulating 
monetary medium of a nation used 
by authority. 

current Cent), adj. widely circu- 
lated; passing from hand to hand; 
now passing, as time; generally ac- 
cepted or credited; prevalent; com- 
mon: n. a flow or passing: said of 
fluids; body of air or water flowing 
in a certain direction; general tend- 
ency. 

curriculum (-ik'u-lum), n. [pi. cur- 
ricula (-la) ], a course; a prescribed 
course of study in a university, 
school, &c. 

currier ('i-er), n. a leather dresser. 

currish ('ish), adj. snappish; quar- 
relsome. 

curry (kur'i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. curried, 
p.pr. currying], to dress (leather) 
after tanning; beat; flatter; dress 
or clean (a horse). 

curry (kur'i), n. [pi. curries ('iz) ], 
a highly-cpiced East Indian sauce; a 
stew of rice, fowl, &c, flavored with 
curry: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. curried, p.pr. 
currying], to cook or flavor with 
curry. 

cursorial (-so'ri-al), adj. adapted 
for running or walking. 

cursorily ('so-ri-li), adv. hastily. 

cursory ('so-ri), adj. hasty; superficial. 

curst, p.p. of curse. 

curt (kert), adj. abrupt; short. 

curtail (ker-tal'), v.t. to cut shprt; 
reduce. 

curtain ('tin), n. a textile hanging 
screen which can be drawn up or 
set aside at pleasure; the part of 
the rampart and parapet between 
two bastions or gates: v.t. to in- 
close in, or as witH, curtains. 

curtain-lecture (ker'tin-lek'tur), n. 
scolding or reproachful talks sup- 



204 CUSTOM-HOUSE 

posed' to be given by wives to their 
husbands after retiring for the night. 

curtsy (kert'si), n. [pi. curtsies ('siz) ], 
a salutation made by bending the 
knees. Also curtsey: v.i. [p.t. & 
p.p. curtsied, p.pr. curtsying], to 
make a curtsy. [See courtesy.] 

curvate (ker'vat), adj. bent, curved. 

curvation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
bending. 

curvature ('va-tur), n. a bending. 

curve (kerv), adj. bent without 
angles: n. a bending without angles; 
a draughtsman's instrument for 
forming curves: v.t. to bend. 

curvet (ker' or ker-vet'), n. a partic- 
ular leap of a horse; a frisk or 
bound: v.i. to leap as a horse; frisk 
or bound. 

curvilineal (-vi-lin'e-al), or curvi- 
linear (-ar), adj. consisting of, or 
bounded by, curved lines. 

cushion (koosh'un), n. a pillow or 
soft pad for sitting or reclining upon; 
a pillow used in lace-making; the 
elastic rim of a billiard-table: v.t. 
to seat upon a cushion ; furnish with 
a cushion: v.i. make the cue-ball 
strike against the cushion. 

cusp (kusp), n. the horn of a cres- 
cent; a sharp rigid point; a spear- 
shaped architectural ornament. 

cuspidal (kus'pi-dal), adj. ending in 
a point. ■ 

cuspidate ('pi-dat), adj. furnished 
with a sharp, spear-like point. 

cuspidor ('pi-dor), n. a spittoon. 

custard ('terd), n. a composition of 
eggs and milk, &c, baked or boiled. 

custodian (-to'di-an), n. one who 
has the care of anything. 

custody ('to-di), n. guardianship; 
imprisonment; security. 

custom ('turn), n. frequent or habit- 
ual repetition of the same act; es- 
tablished usage; business support; 
unwritten law; duties on imported 
or exported goods: v.i. to be ac- 
customed. 

custom-house (hous), n. a building 
where duties are paid on exported 






la 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CUSTOMARY 



205 



CYMBAL 



or imported goods, and vessels are 
entered and cleared. 

customary (-a-ri), adj. habitual; 
conventional; common. 

customer (-er), n. a purchaser. 

cutaneous (ku-ta/ne-us), adj. per- 
taining to the skin. 

cutaway (kut'a-wa), adj. cut back 
from the waist: n. a coat, the skirts 
of which slope from the waist. 

cutch (kuch), n. oyster-spawn; 
couch- or quick-grass; cultch. 

cute (kut), adj. sharp; clever. 

cuticle (kut'i-kl), n. the scarf-skin; 
the thin exterior bark of a plant. 

cutify (1-fi), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cuti- 
fied, p.pr. cutifying], to form, or be- 
come covered with, skin. 

cutlass ('las), n. a broad cutting sword. 

cutler (ler), n. one who makes or, 
sells knives or other cutting instru- 
ments. 

cutlery (-ri), n. edged or cutting in- 
struments. 

.cutlet (let), n. a slice of meat. 

cuttle (kutl), n. the cuttle-fish, a 
cephalopod with an internal shell, 
the arms, furnished with suckers, two 
large eyes, and an ink-bag contain- 
ing a dark fluid. 

cutwater ('waw-ter) , n. the fore 
part of a ship's prow; the angular 
edge of a pier of a b-idge. 

cutweed ('wed) , n. a coarse marine 
alga. 

cutworm (Verm), n. a destructive 
larval moth. 

cyanic acid (as'id), n. a strong acid 
composed of cyanogen and oxygen. 

cyanogen (-an'o-jen), n. a colorless 
poisonous gas burning with a purple 
name, with the odor of peach blos- 
soms. 

cycle (si'kl), n. a revolution of a cer- 
tain period of time, which recurs 
again in the same order; an imagin- 
ary circle in the heavens; the ag- 
gregate of traditional or legendary 

• matter connected with a mytholog- 
ical personage or event; a bicycle 
or tricycle: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cycled, 



p.pf. cycling], to occur, or recur, in 
cycles; ride a bicycle or tricycle. 

cyclic (sik' or siklik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or moving in, a cycle; belong- 
ing to the literary cycle of Greek 
poets who wrote on the Trojan war 
and its heroes. Also cyclical. 

cycloid (sl'kloid), n. a geometrical 
curve traced out by any point of a 
circle rolling along a straight line 
until it has completed a revolution. 

cyclometer (si-klom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for registering the revolu- 
tions of a wheel. 

cy clonal ('klo-nal), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, a cyclone. 
Also cyclonic. 

cyclone ('klon), n. a violent storm; 
an atmospheric movement in which 
the wind blows spirally round to- 
ward a center. 

cyclopaedia or cyclopedia (si^klo- 
pe'di-a), abbreviation of encyclopae- 
dia. 

Cyclopean (-klo-pe'an), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Cyclops: hence huge and 
rough; terrific; vast; massive. 

cyclorama (-klo-ra'ma) , n. a series 
of related pictures extended cir- 
cularly so as to appear in natural 
perspective to the spectator standing 
in the center. 

cyclostyle ('klo-stil), n. an apparatus 
for producing manifold copies by 
means of a small toothed wheel. 

cygnet (sig'net), n. a young swan. 

cylinder (sil'in-der), n. a long cir- 
cular body, solid or hollow, of uni- 
form diameter; a chamber in which 
force is exerted on the piston of a 
steam engine; the barrel of a pump; 
a hollow roller for printing; a roller- 
shaped stone with cuneiform in- 
scriptions, 

cylindric ('drik), adj. having the 
form, or properties, of a cylinder. 
Also cylindrical. 

cymbal (sim'bal), n. one of a pair 
of circular dish-shaped brass plates, 
which when struck produce a clash- 
ing sound. 



Bte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
. book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CYME 



206 



CZECH 



cyme (sim), n. a convex or flattened 

flower cluster. 
cynic (sin'ik), n. a morose, surly, or 

sarcastic person; one of a sect of 

ancient Greek philosophers. 
cynical ('i-k&l), adj. like a cynic. 
cynicism ('i-sizm), n. the temper 

and practice of a cynic. 
cynosure (si'no- or sin'o-shur), n. an 

object of general attraction. 
cypress (si'pres), n. a coniferous 

tree, the emblem of mourning: adj. 

belonging to, or made of, cypress. 
cyprian (sip'ri-an), adj. pertaining 

to Venus: hence wanton; lascivi- 
ous. 
cyst (sist), n. a bladder; pouch, usually 

membranous, containing morbid 

matter. 
cystic (sis'tik), adj. pertaining to, or 

contained in, a cyst; vesicular. 
cystocele ('to-sel) , n. hernia occasioned 

by protrusion of the bladder. 
cystoplast (sis'to-plast), n. a cell 

that envelopes a nucleus. 



cystotaenia (sis-to-te-ni-a), n. a tape- 
worm. 

cystotomy (-tot'o-mi), n. the open- 
ing of the human bladder for the 
extraction of stone. 

cytula (si-tu'la), n. a parent cell; an 
ovum that has been impregnated. 

Czar (zar), or Tzar (tsar), n. the 
title of the Russian emperor. 

Czarevitch (zar'e-vich), or Tsare- 
vitch (tzar'-), n. the eldest son of 
the czar. Also Czarewitch^ Caesare- 
witch. 

Czarevna (za-rev'na), or Tzarevna 
(tza-), n. a Russian princess (im- 
perial): applied to the wife of the 
Czarevitch. 

Czarina (za-re'na), or Tsarina (tsa-), 
n. an empress of Russia; the wife 
of the Czar. 

Czech (chek), n. a member of the 
most westerly branches of the Sla- 
vonic family, including Bohemians, 
Moravians and Slovaks. 



ate, arm. 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



D 



D, the fourth letter in European 
alphabets; an abbreviation for the 
English penny. 

da capo (da ka'po), a term in music, 
meaning to repeat from the begin- 
ning. Abbreviated "D.C." 

dacoit (da-koif), n. a bandit of 
India; name given to guerillas in 
Burma by the English troops. 

dactyl (dak'til), n. a poetical foot 
of three syllables, one long and two 
short ( -ww ). 

dactylology (-ol'o-ji), n. the art of 
communicating ideas with the fin- 
gers. 

daddle (dad'l), v.t to walk unstead- 
ily like a child; waddle; trifle. 

dado (da/do), n. the solid block form- 
ing the body of a pedestal; an 
ornamental border around the lower 
part of the wall of a room, &c. : v.t. 
to ornament with a dado. 

daffodil (daf'o-dil), n. the narcissus. 

daft (daft), adj. simple; silly. 

daffy (daf'i), a. like a person of un- 
sound mind. 

dagger (dag'er), n r a short edged 
and pointed weapon, used for stab- 
bing; a reference mark in printing 
(t). 

dago (da/go), n. [pi. dagos Cgoz) ], 
a nickname for a dark-complexioned 
person, especially of Spanish, Portu- 
guese, or Italian descent; a sailor's 
name for a person speaking Portu- 
guese or Spanish. 

dagon (da'gon), n. a deity of the 
ancient Egyptians and Phoenicians, 
described as half man and half fish. 

Daguerreotype (da-ger'o-tip), n. a 
picture produced on a silvered plate. 

dahlia (dal'ya), n. [pi. dahlias Cyaz) ], 



a composite plant, with large bright- 
colored flowers. 

daily (da'li), n. [pi. dailies ('liz) ], 
a newspaper or periodical published 
each week-day: adi. occurring or 
recurring each successive day; diur- 
nal: adv. day by day. 

daintiness (-nes), n. the quality of 
being dainty. 

dainty (dan'ti), n. [pi. dainties ('tiz) 1 
something choice or delicious: adj. 
refined as regards taste; fastidious; 
delicious; elegant; sensitive; choice. 

dairy (da'ri), n. [pi. dairies ('riz) J, 
a place where milk is kept and con- 
verted into butter and cheese, &c; 
the shop where dairy produce is sold. 

dais (da/is), n. a raised platform. 

daisied (da/zid), adj. full of, or 
adorned with, daisies. 

daisy (da'zi), n. [pi. daisies ('ziz) ], 
a low composite herb with a yellow 
disk, and white or rose-colored rays. 

dale (dal), n. a vale; glen. 

dalliance (dal'i-ans), n. the act of 
dallying. 

dally (dal'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dallied, 
p.pr. dallying], to trifle away time; 
loiter; procrastinate; exchange ca- 
resses. 

Daltonism (dawl'tun-izm), n. color- 
blindness. 

damage ('aj), n. injury or harm; 
harm willfully done to a person's 
character, person, or estate: pi. 
money recovered for loss suffered: 
v.t. to injure: v.i. to receive injury. _ 

damask ('ask), n. a rich silk fabric 
woven with elaborate patterns; a 
fine twilled table-linen; a fabric of 
silk and wool, silk and cotton, &c, 
with a flowered or variegated de- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

[207] 



DAMASKEEN 



208 



DARWINIAN 



sign; Damascus steel or work; deep 
pink : adj. pertaining to, or made of, 
damask: v.t. to work flowers upon; 
ornament (metals) with wavy, sil- 
very devices. 

damaskeen (-as-ken'), v.t. to apply 
decorative metallic designs to (a sur- 
face of steel, &c). 

damasse (da-ma-sa/), adj. woven 
with a rich pattern to imitate dam- 
ask; decorated with white on a 
white ground: said of porcelain. 

dame (dam), n. a title formerly used 
instead of mistress, written Mrs.; 
the mistress of an elementary school; 
an elderly woman. 

damn (dam), v.t. to sentence to pun- 
ishment judicially; consign to a cer- 
tain fate; condemn as bad or as a 
failure; to invoke a malediction 
upon: v.i. curse inwardly: n. a curse. 

damnation (-na'shun), n. the state 
of being damned; ruination by ad- 
verse criticism; punishment in a 
future state. 

damnatory ('na-to-ri'), adj. assign- 
ing to, or containing a threat of, 
damnation. 

damnify (dam'ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
damnified, p.pr. damnifying], to 
cause loss or damage to. 

damnum ('num), n. loss or damage 
capable of assessment by a jury. 

damosel ('o-zel), n. formerly a dam- 
sel, or the wife of a squire. 

damper ('er), n. something which 
depresses or discourages; a contri- 
vance for deadening the vibrations 
of a musical instrument. 

damping-off (dam'ping-6f), n. the 
decay of seedling plants from the 
attacks of a fungus. 

damsel ('zel), n. a maiden. 

damson (dam'zn), n. a small purple 
oval-shaped plum. 

dandelion (dan'de-li-un), n. a bien- 
nial composite plant with large yel- 
low flowers and deeply notched 
leaves. 

dander ('der), n. dandruff; anger. 

dandle (dan'dl), v.t. to move up and 



down on the knee or in the arms in 
affectionate play; fondle. 

dandruff ('druf), n. scurf on the 
scalp. 

dandy ('di), n. [pi. dandies ('diz) ], 
a fop; coxcomb; something very 
neat and trim. 

danger ('jer), n. hazard; peril. 

dangerous (-us), adj. involving, or 
beset with, danger; ready to do 
harm or injury; perilous; hazardous. 

dangle (dang'gl), v.i. to hang or 
swing loosely; follow: v.t. to cause 
to dangle. 

dank (dangk), adj. humid; damp. 

danseuse (dang-sez'), n. a female 
professional dancer; a ballet-dancer. 

dapper (dap'er), adj. small and ac- 
tive; trim and neat in appearance. 

dapple (dap'l), adj. spotted; varie- 
gated: v.t. to variegate with spots. 

darbies (dar'bez), n. English word for 
handcuffs. 

Dardanelles (dar'dan-els), n. a forti- 
fied strait connecting Marmora and 
iEgean seas. 

dark ages (a'jez), n.pl. the mediaeval 
period. 

darken ('en), v.t. to make dark; ob- 
scure; render unintelligible: v.i. to 
become dark. 

darkly ('li), adv. with imperfect . 
light; not clearly; mysteriously. 

darksome ('sum), adj. gloomy. 

darky ('i), n. [pi. darkies ('iz) ], a 
negro. 

darn (darn), v.t. to mend (a rent) 
• by filling in the whole with yarn or 
thread by means of a needle: n. a 
patch made by darning. 

darnel ('nel), the popular name of a 
grass, Lolium tremulentum, formerly 
supposed to be poisonous. 

dart (dart), n. a small lance or spear; 
a kind of eel-spear; the arrow of a 
blow-gun; a swift, sudden movement; 
the dace: v.t. throw; give out or send 
forth: v.i. move swiftly; start sud- 
denly and run quickly. 

Darwinian (dar-win'i-an), adj. per- 
taining to Charles Darwin, the natu- 



ute, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DARWINISM 



209 



DEAD-CENTER 



ralist (1809-1882), or Darwinism: 
n. an evolutionist. 

Darwinism ('izm), n. the theory of 
natural selection advocated by Dar- 
win. 

dash (dash), v.t. to throw violently 
or hastily; break by collision; hurl; 
shatter; suffuse; depress; confuse; 
mingle; sketch rapidly: v.i. to rush 
with violence; fly off the surface 
with a violent noisy motion: n. a 
collision; a slight addition; ostenta- 
tious parade; a mark ( — ) in writ- 
ing or printing. 

dash-board (-bord), n, a splash- 
board; a paddle-wheel float. 

dastard (das'tard), n. a coward: 
adj. meanly shrinldng from danger; 
cowardly. 

dastardly (-H), adv. cowardly. 

data, pi. of datum (q.v.). 

date (dat), n. the time of an epoch 
or transaction; the inscription which 
specifies when a writing or inscrip- 
tion was executed; duration; the 
edible oval fruit of the date-palm: 
v.t. to mark with a date: v.i. to have 
a date; reckon. 

date-tree (-tre), n. a species of palm. 

dative (da'tiv), adj. denoting the case 
of a noun, pronoun, or adjective 
which expresses the remoter object: 
usually indicated in English by to or 
for with the objective case: n. the 
dative case. 

datum ('turn), n. [pi. data ('ta) ], 
something assumed, known, or con- 
ceded for the basis of an argument 
or inference [usually in pi.]. 
lub (dawb), v.t. to cover or smear 
with adhesive matter; paint coarse- 
ly or unskilfully; plaster; flatter 
grossly: n. a coarse or rudely exe- 
cuted painting; a smear; a cheap 
kind of mortar. 

luby ('i), adj. viscous, sticky; like 
a daub. 

iughter-in-law (-in-law), n. a son's 
wife. 

lunt (dant), v.t. to intimidate; dis- 
hearten, 
mntless ('les), adj. fearless. 



dauphin (daw'fin), n. the title of the 
eldest son of the King of France 
from 1349 to 1830. 

davenport (dav'en-p5rt), n. a writing- 
desk or high-backed lounge. 

davit (dav'it), n. one of a pair of 
f -shaped uprights projecting over 
the side of a vessel for suspending 
or lowering a boat. 

Davy (da'vi), n. [pi. davies ('viz)], a 
miner's safety-lamp surrounded by 
fine gauze wire, invented by Sir H. 
Davy, as a protection against fire- 



Davy Jones (jonz), n. a humorous 
name for the spirit of the sea; a sea- 
devil. 

daw (daw), n. a bird of the crow 
family; a jackdaw. 

dawdle (daw'dl), v.i. to waste time in a 
trifling manner; loiter: n. a dawdler. 

dawn (dawn), v.i. to begin to grow 
light; glimmer; break as the day: n. 
the first appearance of light in the 
morning; beginning. 

days of grace (gras), n.pl. a period, 
usually three days, allowed in some 
states for payment of certain com- 
mercial paper after maturity. 

daysman (daz'man), n. [pi. daysmen 
('men) ], an umpire; a mediator. 

dayspring ('spring), n. the dawn 
(Luke i. 78). 

daze (daz), v.t. to dazzle: n. the state 
of being dazed. 

dazzle (daz'l), v.t. to overpower by a 
glare of light; dim by excess of 
light; overpower by splendor: v.i. to 
be overpowered by light: n. excess 
of light. 

deacon (deTm), n. the lowest order 
of the clergy in the Anglican Church; 
in non-episcopal churches, a lay- 
man appointed to assist the minister 
and manage the temporal affairs 
of a church. 

dead-beat ('bet), adj. making suc- 
cessive movements with intervals of 
rest and no recoil; thoroughly ex- 
hausted: n. a dead-beat escapement. 

dead-center (-sen'ter),_ n. that posi- 
tion of a crank in which the crank- 



}, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DEAD-COLORING 



210 



DEATH 



axle, crank-pin, and the connecting dead-weight ('wat), n. the weight 






rod are all in a straight line. 

dead-coloring (-kul'er-ing), n. the 
first broad outlines of a picture. 

deaden (ded'n), v.t. to diminish the 
acuteness, intensity, or vigor of; re- 
tard; blunt; render non-conductive; 
make insipid or stale; deprive of 
gloss or brilliancy; kill (trees) by 
girdling. 

deadeye (ded'i), n. a round, flat block 
of wood eucircled with an iron band 
and pierced with three holes to re- 
ceive lanyards: used for setting up 
rigging. 

deadhead ('hed), n. a person who has 
a free pass on railways or to places 
of amusement, &c; a wooden buoy: 
v.t. to furuish free admission to: v.i. 
to travel or gain admission without 
payment. 

dead letter (let'er), n. an unclaimed 
letter, the owner for which cannot 
be found; that which has lost its 
authority. 

dead-lift ('lift), n. a heavy weight; 
the last extremity. 

dead-lights ('Hts), n.pl. strong wooden 
shutters placed over the cabin 
windows in stormy weather. 

dead-load ('lod), n. a constant mo- 
tionless load. 

deadlock ('lok), n. a lock worked on 
one side by a handle, and on the 
other side by a key; a situation in 
which progress is impossible. 

deadly ('li), adj. causing death; de- 
structive; fatal; implacable: adv. 
implacably. 

dead-neap ('nep), n. the lowest stage 
of the tide. 

dead-reckoning (-rek'un-ing), n. the 
calculation of a ship's place at sea 
by the log and the compass courses, 
allowing for drift, leeway, &c. 

dead-set ('set), n. the fixed position 
of a dog in pointing game; a deter- 
mined effort or attack: adj. deter- 
mined to do something. 

dead-water (-waw'ter), n. the water 
that closes in under the stern of a 
ship; eddy-water. 



of the vehicle in addition to the load 
to be carried ; freight charged for by 
weight instead of by bulk; the heav- 
iest part of a ship's cargo. 

dead-wind ('wind), n. a wind blow- 
ing directly opposite to a ship's 
course. 

dead-work ('werk), n. work at first 
unprofitable, but which leads the 
way to profitable production, as in 
opening a mine. . 

deaf (def), adj. deprived of hearing; 
unwilling to hear or pay regard to. 

deafen (def'n), v.t. to make deaf; 
render impervious to sound. 

deafness ('nes), n. the state of being 
deaf. 

deal (del), n. an indefinite quantity, 
degree, or extent; a division of cards 
to the players; a mercantile com- 
bination; the wood of the fir or pine 
tree cut into boards or planks: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. dealt; p.pr. dealing], to 
distribute, apportion, or divide; 
throw about; scatter: v.i. to have 
business; make a private arrange- 
ment. 

dealer ('er), n. one who deals; a trader. 

dealt, p.t. of deal. 

dean (den), n. the presiding ecclesias- 
tical dignitary in cathedral and col- 
legiate churches; the president of a 
faculty in a college; the oldest mem- 
ber, by reason of service, in a consti- 
tuted body of which he acts as pres- 
ident. 

dean and chapter (chap'ter), the 
governing body of a cathedral, com- 
prising the dean, canons, or preben- 
daries. 

deanery (den'er-i), n. [pi. deaneries 
(-iz) ], the office, jurisdiction, or res- 
idence of a dean. 

dearth (derth), n. want; scarcity; 
famine. 

deary (der'i), n. a darling. Also 
dearie. 

death (deth), n. extinction of life or 
feeling; the state of the dead; a 
general mortality; decay; destruc- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DEATH-BELL 211 DECAGRAMME 

tion; spiritual ruin after physical debauchery (de-baw'cher-i), . n. [pi. 

death (Rom. viii. 6). debaucheries (-iz) ], excessive intem- 

death-bell Cbel), n. a passing bell. perance; seduction from purity or 

death-point ('point), n. the degree virtue; corruption of fidelity. 

of heat or cold which destroys an debenture (de-ben'tur, n. a written 

animal organism. acknowledgment of a debt. 

death-rate ('rat), n. the percentage debilitant (de-bil'i-tant), adj. weak- 

of deaths, usually reckoned at per ening. 

thousand, among the population of debilitate ('i-tat), v.t. to enfeeble; 

a country, city, &c, for a given enervate. 

period. debilitation (-i-ta'shun), n. enerva- 

death's-head (s'hed), n. a skull, or tion. 

representation of a skull, emblematic debility (-bil'i-ti) , n. [pi. debilities 

of death. (-tiz)], abnormal functional weak- 

death-watch ('woch), n. a vigil be- ness; languor. 

side the dying person; a guard set debit (deb'it), n. that which is ow- 

over a criminal prior to his execu- ing, entered on the debtor side of a 

tion; a small beetle which makes a ledger: opposed to credit: adj. re- 
ticking sound, superstitiously sup-- lating to debts: v.t. to charge with 

posed to forebode death. debt; enter on the debtor's side of 

deathly ('li), adj. mortal; fatal. an account. 

debacle (de-bak'l), n. the breaking debonair (deb-o-nar'), adj. of gentle 

up of ice on a river; a stampede; a manners or breeding; elegant. 

violent flood carrying with it debris debouch (de-boosh'), v.i. to march 

in great masses. out of a confined space into open 

debar (de-bar'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- ground. 

barred, p.pr. debarring], to shut debouche (da-boo-sha/), an opening; 

out; exclude; hinder from approach, a market for goods; an opening in 

enjoyment, or action; preclude [with military works for troops. 

from]. debris (da-bre'), n. fragments; bro- 

debark (de-bark'), v.i. to disembark. ken rubbish; loose pieces of rock, 
debarkation (-bar-ka'shun), n. the &c, at the base of a mountain. 

act of disembarking. debt (det) n. that which is due from 

debase (de-bas'), v.t. to reduce from one person to another; obligation; 

a higher to a lower state; lower in trespass. 

character, virtue, purity, or quality, debtor ('er), n. one who owes some- 
debasement ('ment), n. act of de- thing to another ; one who is in debt. 

basing. debut (da-boo'), n. a first appearance 

debatable (de-ba'ta-bl), adj. admit- in society, or before the public. 

ting of question or debate. debutant (-boo-tang'), n. one who 

debate (de-bat'), v.t. to contend for makes a debut: fern, debutante. 

in words or arguments; meditate decade (dek'ad), n. a group of ten; 

upon; deliberate together: v.i. to ar- ten consecutive years. Also decad. 

gue or discuss a point; reflect: n. decadence (de-ka'dens), n. a state of 

contention in words or argument; decay. Also decadency. 

controversy; discussion. decadent ('dent), adj. deteriorating. 

debauch (de-bawch'), v.t. to cor- decagon (dek'a-gon), n. plain figure 

rupt in morals or principles; seduce; having ten sides and ten angles. 

pollute; vitiate: v.i. to engage in decagonal (-ag'o-nal), adj. pertain- 

debauchery or riot: n. excess in eat- ing to a decagon. 

ing and drinking; lewdness. decagramme ('a-gram), n. a weight 

debauchee (deb 'o-sh e ), n. a drunkard, of ten grammes. Also decagram. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ate,, 






DECAHEDRON 



212 



DECILLION 



decahedron (-he'dron), n. [pi. deca- 
hedra ('dra)], a solid bounded by 
ten plane faces. 

decaliter ('a-le-tr), n. a measure of 
capacity containing 10 liters = 2 1-5 
imperial gallons. 

decalogue ('a-log), n. the ten com- 
mandments (Ex. xx.); the moral 
law. 

decameter ('a-me-tr), n. a measure 
of length of 10 meters = 32.8 feet. 

decamp (de-kamp'), v.i. to depart 
speedily; go away secretly or un- 
ceremoniously. 

decant (de-kanf), v.t. to pour off 
gently. 

decanter ('er), n. an ornamental 
glass bottle for holding wines, &c. 

decapitate (de-kap'i-tat), v.t. to be- 
head. 

decapitation (-i-ta/shun), n. behead- 
ing. 

decapod (dek'a-pod), adj. having ten 
feet or ten arms: n. a ten-footed 
crustacean, or ten-armed cephalopod. 

Decapoda (de-kap'o-da), n.pl. the or- 
der of Crustacea which includes 
those having ten feet, as lobsters, 
crabs, shrimps, &c, and cephalopods 
with ten arms. 

decare (dek-ar'), a superficial meas- 
ure of 1,000 sq. meters = % acre 
(nearly) . 

decarnate (de-kar'nat), adj. divested 
of flesh. 

decastere ('a-ster), n. a solid meas- 
ure, ten times a cubic meter = 13 
cubic yards (nearly) . 

decay (de-ka/), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
cayed, p.pr. decaying], to become 
impaired; rot; declined or fall: n. 
deterioration; decline; rottenness; 
corruption. 

decease (de-ses'), v.i. to die: n. 
death. 

deceit (de-set'), n. deception; false- 
hood. 

deceitful ('fool), adj. full of deceit. 

deceivable (-sev'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being, or liable to be, deceived. 

deceive (-sev'), ' v.t. to mislead or 



cause to err; delude; impose upon; 
disappoint. 

decelerate (de-sel'e-rat), v.i. to go 
more slowly: the opposite of ac- 
celerate. 

December (de-sem'ber), n. the 
twelfth month of the year. 

decemvir ('ver), n. [pi. decemviri 
('vi-ri) ], one of ten Roman magis- 
trates, especially one of those who 
possessed absolute authority in an- 
cient Rome (451-449 B. C), and ed- 
ited the laws known as the Twelve 
Tables. 

decemviral ('vi-ral), adj. pertaining 
to the decemviri. 

decemvirate (-rat), n. a body of ten 
men in authority; their office, or 
term of office. 

decency (de'sen-si), n. [pi. decencies 
(-siz) ], the state of being decent, or 
modest. 

decennial ('i-al), adj. lasting for or 
occurring every ten years. 

decent ('sent), adj. decorous; becom- 
ing; respectable; modest; passable. 

deception (-sep'shun), n. the act of 
deceiving; the state of being de- 
ceived; fraud. 

deceptive ('tiv), adj. tending to de- 
ceive. 

deciare (des-i-ar'), n. a unit of super- 
ficial measurement, the tenth part 
of an are, = 107.6 square feet. 

decidable (de-sid'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being decided. 

decide (de-sid'), v.t. to bring to an 
issue or conclusion; fix the end of; 
resolve: v.i. to give a judgment or 
decision; arbitrate. 

deciduous (-sid'u-us), adj. falling off 
at maturity, or in seasdn; shed peri- 
odically. 

decigramme (des'i-gram), n. a met- 
ric weight, l-10th of a gramme = 
1.54 grains troy (nearly). Also 
decigram. 

deciliter ('i-le-tr), n. a measure of 
capacity, l-10th of a liter = 3.52 
fluid ounces. 

decillion (de-sil'yun), n. in France 
and the United States a unit fol- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ihen. 



DECILUX 



213 



DECLIVITY 



lowed by 33 ciphers; in England a 
unit followed by 60 ciphers. 

decilux (des'i-luks), n. l-10th of a lux. 

decimal ('i-mal), adj. pertaining to, 
or based upon, the number 10: n. a 
decimal fraction. 

decimal place (plas), n. the place of 
a figure after the decimal point. 

decimal point (point), n. a dot sep- 
arating a decimal fraction from a 
whole number, also indicating when 
standing alone its fractional charac- 
ter. 

decimal system (sis'tem), n. a sys- 
tem of reckoning or measuring by 
10, or powers of 10. 

decimate (des'i-mat), v.t. to select 
by lot and put to death, or punish, 
every tenth man; destroy a large 
proportion of. 

decimation '(-ma'shun), n. the act 
of -decimating; destruction on a large 
scale. 

decimeter ('i-me-tr), n. a measure 
of length, l-10th of a meter = 3.937 
inches. 

decipher (de-sl'fer), v.t. to read (se- 
cret writing); discover or make out 
the meaning of ; solve ; unravel. 

decision (-sizh'un), n. the act of de- 
ciding; determination; judgment; 
settlement. 

decisive (-si'siv), adj. final; conclusive. 

decistere (des-i-star'), n. a cubic 
measure, l-10th of a stere = 3.532 
cubic feet. 

deck (dek), v.t. to array in finery or 
ornaments; adorn; to furnish with 
a deck: n. the plank flooring of a 
ship. 

decker ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, decks; a ship having decks. 

deckle-edged (dek'1-ejd), adj. hav- 
ing the edges rough and uncut; said 
of books. 

declaim (de-klam'), v.t. to speak in 
a rhetorical style; speak as an exer- 
cise in elocution; harangue. 

declamation (dek-la-ma'shun), n. the 
art of declaiming according to rhe- 
torical rules; impassioned oratory; 



distinct and correct enunciation of 
words in vocal music. 

declamatory (de-klam'a-to-ri), adj. 
pertaining to, or characterized by, 
declamation; noisy in style; appeal- 
ing to the passions. 

declaration (dek-la-ra'shun), n. the 
act of declaring or proclaiming; that 
which is declared; an assertion; 
publication; a statement reduced to 
writing. 

declaratory ('a-to-ri), adj. affirma- 
tive. 

declare (de-klaV), v.t. to make known; 
tell openly or publicly; proclaim 
formally; publish; make a solemn 
affirmation before witnesses; make 
a full statement as to goods, &c: 
v.i. to make a declaration; avow 
[with for or against]. 

declension (-klen'shun), n. decline; 
a falling off, or away; deterioration; 
the inflection of nouns, pronouns, 
and adjectives. 

declinable (-klm'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being declined. 

declinal ('al), adj. sloping downward'. 

declinate (dek'h-nat), adj. curved 
downward. 

declination (dek-li-na'shun), n. the 
act or state of bending, or moving, 
downward; oblique variation from 
some definite direction; deteriora- 
tion; decay; the angular distance of 
a heavenly body N. or S. of the 
equator; non-acceptance. 

declinator ('li-na-ter), n. an instru- 

' ment for determinating the declina- 
tion and inclination of a plane. 

decline (de-klin'), v.i. to incline from 
a right line; bend or lean down- 
ward; droop; draw to a close; be- 
come weak; deviate from rectitude: 
v.t. to refuse; bend downward; de- 
press; inflect: n. diminution; decay; 
deterioration ; consumption. 

declivitous (de-kliv'i-tus), adj. mod- 

. erately steep. 

declivity (-khVi-ti), n. [pi. declivities 
(-tiz) ], a gradual descent; deviation 
from a horizontal line: opposed to 
acclivity. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DECOCT 



214 



DECUPLE 






decoct (de-kokf), v.t. the act of boil- 
ing anything to extract its essence. 

decoction (-kok'shun), n. an extract 
obtained by boiling or digesting in 
hot water. 

decollate (-kol'at), v.t. to behead. 

decollation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
beheading. 

decollete (da-kol-e-ta/), adj. cut low 
in the neck so as to expose the neck 
and shoulders: said of a dress. De- 
colletee, fern, wearing a low-necked 
dress. 

decomposable (de-com-poz'a-bl), 
adj. capable of being decomposed. 

decompose (de-com-poz'), v.t. to re- 
solve into constituent elements; 
cause to decay or rot: v.i. to become 
decomposed; putrefy. 

decomposite (-poz'It),ad;. com- 
pounded a second time. 

decomposition (-po-zish'un), n. the 
act of resolving into constituent ele- 
ments; analysis; disintegration. 

decompound (-pound'), v.t. to com- 
pound things already compounded: 
adj. compounded more than once. 

decorate (dek'o-rat), v.t. to orna- 
ment, embellish, adorn, or beautify ; 
confer a badge of honor upon; grace. 

decoration (-ra'shun), n. the art of 
decorating; an ornament or embel- 
lishment; a badge of honor. 

Decoration Day (da), n. the day 
(May 30) on which the graves of 
those who fell in the Civil War 
(1861-65) are decorated. Also Me- 
morial Day (April 26). 

decorative ('o-ra-tiv), adj. tending 
to decoration. 

decorator (-ter), n. one who deco- 
rates; an artist or artisan who deco- 
rates rooms, &c. 

decorous (de-k5' or dek'er-us), adj. 
marked by propriety; decent; fit; 
proper. 

decorticate (de-kor'ti-kat), v.t. to 
remove the bark, husk, or peel from. 

decorum (de-ko'rum), n. propriety 
and decency of words, dress, and 
conduct. 

decostate (-kos'tat), adj. without ribs. 



decoy (de-koi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
coyed, p.pr. decoying], to lead or al- 
lure into danger by artifice: v.i. to 
be allured by means of decoy: n. 
a deceptive stratagem; a lure; a 
piece of enclosed water into which 
wild fowl are decoyed. 

decoy-duck (-duk), n. a tame, or 
imitation, duck used to allure wild 
fowl: hence a person who entraps 
others. 

decrease (de-kres'), v.i. to become 
less; diminish; abate; wane; fail; 
v.t. to cause to grow less; reduce 
gradually in size or extent; dwindle; 
n. gradual diminution, or decay; the 
amount or degree of lessening; the 
wane of the moon. 

decree (de-kre'), n. an ordinance, 
law, or edict; a judicial decision; 
the award of an umpire or arbitra- 
tor; the predetermined purpose of 
God: v.t. to determine by a decree; 
ordain; constitute by edict; assign; 
v.i. to make a decree; determine. 

decrepit (de-krep'it), adj. enfeebled 
by age, or infirmity; wasted; worn 
out. 

decrepitate ('i-tat), v.t. to calcine 
(as salt) in a strong heat, causing a 
crackling sound. 

decrepitude ('i-tud), n. physical in- 
firmity caused by old age. 

decrescent (-kres'ent), adj. growing 
less. 

decretal (-kre'tal), n. a Papal de- 
cree; a book of edicts. 

decretive ('tiv), adj. having the au- 
thority of a decree. 

decretory (dek're-to-ri), adj. judi- 
cial; settled. 

decrial (de-kri'al), n. clamorous cen- 
sure. 

decrier ('er),~n. one who censures. 

decry (de-kri'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. decried, 
p.pr. decrying], to blame clamorous- 
ly;cry down; censure; disparage^ 

decumbent (-kum'bent), adj. lying 
down; prostrate; reclining. 

decuple (dek'u-pl), adj. tenfold: n. a 
number repeated 10 times: v.t. in- 
crease tenfold. 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DECURRENT 



215 



DEFEND 



decurrent (-kur'ent), adj. running, 
or extending, downward: said of a 
plant. 

decursive ('siv), adj. running down. 

decussate (-kus'at), v.i. to intersect 
or cross at an acute angle: adj. in- 
tersected. 

dedicate (ded'i-kat), v.t. to set apart 
by a solemn act or religious cere- 
mony; devote or set apart to some 
work or duty; inscribe, as a literary 
work. 

dedication (-i-ka'shun), n. the act 
of dedicating; an inscription or ad- 
dress. 

dedicator ('i-ka-ter), n. one who 
dedicates. 

dedicatory (-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to composing, or constituting, a ded- 
ication. 

deduce (de-dus'), v.t. to gather by 
reasoning; infer; derive [with from 
or out of]. 

deduct (de-dukt/), v.t. to take away. 

deduction (-duk'shun), n. the act or 
process of deducting; subtraction. 

deductive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
deduction. 

deem (dem), v.t. to think; determine: 
v.i. to have, or be of, an opinion; 
judge. 

deemanate (de-em'a-nat), -v.t. to 
treat a radioactive _ substance in 
such a way that it gives off emana- 
tion less rapidly or not at all. 

deemanation (de-em-a-na/shun), n. 
the process of deemanating a radio- 
active substance. 

deemster (dem'ster), n. a judge or 
umpire: the title of either of the 
two chief judges of the Isle of Man. 
Also dempster. 

jer-lick ('lik), a spot of salt ground, 
resorted to by deer to lick the earth. 
jer-stalking ('stawk-ing), n. the 
hunting of deer by stealing upon 
them unawares. 

jface (de-fas), v.t. to mar or de- 
stroy the surface of; disfigure; im- 
pair the legibility of; injure; spoil. 
jfacement ('ment), n. the act of de- 



facing; the condition of being de- 
faced ; injury. 

defalcation (-fal-ka/shun), n. a def- 
icit of funds through a breach of 
trust; embezzlement; diminution. 

defalcator (def'al-ka-ter), n. an em- 
bezzler. 

defamation (def-a-ma'shun), n. the 
act of injuring one's good name or 
reputation without justification, 
either orally, or by a written com- 
munication. 

defamatory (de-fam'a-to-ri), adj. 
containing that which is injurious to 
the character or reputation. 

defame (de-fam), v.t. to injure or 
destroy the good reputation of; ac- 
cuse falsely; asperse; vilify. 

default (de-fawlf), n. failure or 
omission to do any act; failure to 
satisfy the acts required in a law- 
suit: v.t. to make a default in; neg- 
lect: v.i. to make a default. 

defaulter ('er), n. one who makes a 
default; one who fails to make a 
proper account of money or prop- 
erty intrusted to his charge. 

defeasance (de-fez'ans), n. the an- 
nulment of a contract or deed. 

defeat (de-fef), v.t. to overcome or 
vanquish; frustrate; baffle: n. the 
act of defeating; frustration; over- 
throw. 

defecate (def'e-kat), v.t. to clarify; 
v.i. to become clear; discharge ex- 
crementous matter from the bowels. 

defecation (-ka/shun), n. clarifica- 
tion; evacuation from the bowels. 

defecator (def'e-ka-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, purifies or cleanses; 
an apparatus for removing feculent 
matter from juices, &c. 

defect (de-fekf), n. an imperfection, 
moral or physical; insufficiency; 
fault; error. 

defection (-fek'shun), n. a falling away 
from duty or allegiance; desertion. 

defective ('tiv), adj. having a defect 
or flaw of any kind; incomplete; 
faulty; wanting some of the usual 
grammatical forms. 

defend (de-fend'), v.t. to guard or 



,~arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DEFENDANT 



216 



DEFORMITY 



protect; maintain; vindicate one's 
legal rights by force of argument or 
'evidence: v.i. to formally enter a de- 
fense to an action. 

defendant ('ant), n. a person who is 
sued or accused in a civil or crim- 
inal court. 

defense (de-fens'), n. the act or state 
of defending or being defended; pro- 
tection ; vindication by force or argu- 
ment ; a defendant's plea or answer. 

defensible ('si-bl), adj. capable of 
being defended. 

defensive (-fen'siv), adj. serving to 
defend or protect; carried on in de- 
fense. 

defer (de-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
ferred, p.pr. deferring], to put off to 
a future time; delay: v.i. to pro- 
crastinate. 

deference (def'er-ens), n. a yielding 
to the opinions or wishes of anoth- 
er; regard. 

deferent ('er-ent), adj. conveying: 
n. that which conveys or carries; a 
duct or vessel in the body which con- 
veys fluids. 

deferential (-er-en'shal), adj. char- 
acterized by, or expressing, defer- 
ence. 

deferment (de-fer'ment), n. delay. 

defiance (-fl'ans), n. contemptuous 
disregard; a challenge. \ 

defiant ('ant), adj. characterized by 
defiance. 

deficiency (-fish'en-si), n. [pi. defi- 
ciencies (-siz)], the state of being 
deficient: incompleteness; insuffi- 
ciency; scarcity. 

deficient Cent), adj. wanting; in- 
complete. 

deficit (def'i-sit), n. a falling off, or 
deficiency, in amount or quantity, 
especially of receipts. 

defier (de-fl'er), n. one who defies. 

defilade (def-i-lad), v.t. to raise, as 
a rampart, so as to protect the lines 
of the defending parts from guns 
placed in a high position. 

defile (de-fil'), v.t. to make foul or 
impure; tarnish; corrupt the chas- 
tity of: v.i. to march off in a file: n. 



a long narrow mountainous pass; a 
marching in file. 

defilement ('ment), n. moral or 
physical pollution. 

definable (-fln'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being defined. 

define (de-fin'), v.t. to determine the 
limits of; describe the nature or 
properties of. 

definite _ (def'i-nit), adj. having fixed 
or distinct limits; certain; pointing 
out. 

definition (-nish'un), n. a brief de- 
scription or explanation of the pre- 
cise meaning of a term, phrase, &c; 
a concise statement. 

definitive (de-fin'i-tiv), adj. deter- 
mining; conclusive: n. a word used 
in grammar to define the significa- 
tion of a noun. 

deflagrate (def 'la-grat) , v.t. to set 
fire to: v.i. to burn with sudden and 
sparkling combustion. 

deflagrator ('la-gra-ter), n. an in- 
strument for producing combustion 
of metallic substances by electricity. 

deflect (de-flekf), v.t. to bend from 
a straight line: v.i. to swerve; bend 
or turn aside. 

deflection (-flek'shun), n. a bending. 

deflective ('tiv), adj. causing deflec- 
tion. ' 

deflector ('ter), n. a plate or cone in 
a furnace or lamp to bring flames 
or gases into close contact, and thus 
increase combustion. 

deflexure (-flek'shur), n. a bending 
down. 

deflower (-de-flour'), v.t. to deprive of 
flowers or bloom; despoil of pristine 
grace or beauty; deprive of virginity. 

defluent (def'lu-ent), adj. _ running 
downward: n. a river rising in a 
lake. 

deforest (de-for'est), v.t. to clear of 
forest; cut down, clear away, or de- 
stroy the trees of.. 

deform (-form'), v.t. to render ugly 
or unshapely; disfigure; mar. 

deformity ('i-ti), n. [pi. deformi- 
ties (-tiz)], physical malformation; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DEFRAUD 



217 



DELE 



disfigurement; want of beauty or 
harmony. 

defraud (-frawcT), v.t. to deprive of 
some right or interest by deception; 
cheat; withhold wrongfully. 

defray (de-fra/), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
frayed, p.pr. defraying], to discharge 
(the expenses of anything); pay; 
settle. 

defrayal ('al), n. the act of defray- 
ing. 

deft (deft), adj. dexterous; handy; 
clever. 

defunct (de-fungkt'), adj. dead; ex- 
tinct: n. a dead person; the dead 
(collectively) . 

defy (-fi')j v.t. [p.t. & p.p. defied, p. 
pr. defying], to challenge or pro- 
voke to strife; set at defiance; re- 
sist openly. 

degeneracy (de-jen'er-a-si), n. the 
state of being degenerate. 

degenerate ('er-at), v.i. to become 
inferior in goodness or quality; be- 
come of a lower type; pass to an 
inferior or worse state; deteriorate: 
adj. deteriorated; degraded; n. a 
degenerate person or organism. 

degeneration (-a/shun), n. the act, 
state, or process of growing worse; 
degeneracy; decline; the morbid 
impairment of any structural tis- 
sue or organ. 

deglutition (deg-loo-tish'un), n. 
swallowing. 

degote (de-got'), n. oil distilled from 
the white birch: used for Russian 
leather. 

degradation (deg-ra-da'shun), n. the 
act of degrading. 

degrade (de-grad'), v.t. to reduce in 
grade or rank; deprive of honors, 
office, or dignity; lower physically 
or morally; tone down; diminish; 
wear away. 

degree (de-gre'), n. a step or grade; 
rank or station; relationship be- 
tween a person and the next in, line 
of descent; rank conferred by a 
diploma after examination; one of 
three degrees in the comparison of 
an adjective or adverb; a certain 



amount of interval; the 360th part 
of the circumference of a circle; 
60 geographical miles; one of the 
divisions on mathematical and other 
instruments. 

dehisce (de-his'), v.i. to gape open. 

dehiscence ('ens), n. the opening of 
a capsule for the discharge of seeds, 
or of anthers for the discharge of 
pollen. 

dehiscent Cent), adj. opening. 

dehorn (-horn'), v.t. to deprive of 
horns. 

dehypnotize (-hip'no-tiz), v.t. to 
awaken from hypnotism. 

deification (de-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of defying; apotheosis. 

deify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. deified, 
p.pr. deifying], to make, or exalt to 
the rank of, a deity; idolize. 

deign (dan), v.i. to condescend; 
vouchsafe: v.t. to permit. 

deism (de'izm), n. the creed of a deist. 

deist ('ist), n. one who believes in 
the existence of a personal God, 
but not in revealed religion. 

deistic ('ik), adj. pertaining to deism, 
or deists. 

deity ('ti), n. [pi. deities (-tiz) ], 
a god, goddess, or person worshipped 
as a divine being. 

Deity, n. God; Jehovah; the charac- 
ter, nature, or attributes of God; 
the Godhead. 

deject (de-jekf), v.t. to depress the 
spirits of; dishearten; sadden. 

dejection (-jek'shun), n. lowness of 
spirits; melancholy; depression; 
evacuation. 

dejeuner (da-zhu-na'), n. the first 
formal meal of the day. 

delaine (de-lan'), n. a light textile 
fabric of wool and cotton. 

delay (de-la'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
layed, p.pr. delaying], to postpone; 
hinder for a time: v.i. to act or pro- 
ceed slowly: n. postponement; pro- 
crastination. 

dele (de'le), v.t. to take out (a letter, 
&c.) in proofreading: n. a mark (§) 
that a letter, &c, is to be deleted. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DELECTABILITY 



218 



DELPHIC 



delegability (de-lek-ta-bil'i»-ti), n. 
the quality of being delectable. 

delect ably (-li), adv. delightfully. 

delectation (-ta'shun), n. delight: 
pleasure. 

delegate (del'e-gat), v.t. to send as 
a representative with authority to 
act; entrust; commit: n. one sent 
to represent and act for others. 

delegation (-ga'shun), n. the act of 
delegating; a person or body of per- 
sons chosen to act for others. 

delete (de-let'), v.t. to blot out; erase. 

deleterious (-ter'i-us), adj. harmful, 
morally or physically; poisonous. 

deletion (-le'shun), n. the act of de- 
leting. 

delf (delf), n. glazed earthenware. 

deliberate (de-lib' er-at), v.t. to think 
upon or consider; weigh in the 
mind; ponder: v.i. to take counsel 
with one's self or others: adj. cir- 
cumspect; slow in determining or 
in action; well-considered. 

deliberateness (-nes), n. circum- 
spection. 

deliberation (-er-a'shun), n. calm 
and careful consideration; slowness 
in action. 

deliberative (-tiv), adj. character- 
ized by, or acting with, deliberation. 

delicacy _ (del'i-ka-si), n. [pi. delica- 
cies (-siz) ], the state or quality of 
being delicate; agreeableness to the 
taste or other senses; grace; sensi- 
tiveness; refinement; sensibility; 
.consideration for the feelings of 
others; susceptibility to disease. 

delicatessen (-ka-tes'en), n.pl. table 
delicacies. 

delicious (de-lish'us), adj. highly 
pleasing to the senses, taste, or 
mind; exquisite. 

delight (de-lit'), v.t. to gratify or 
please greatly; charm: v.i. be high- 
ly gratified or pleased (with in) : n. 
an extreme degree of pleasure; high 
satisfaction; joy. 

delightful ('fool), adj. affording de- 
light. 

delimit (-lim'it), v.t. to mark out or 
fix the limits of, as territory; bound. 



delineate (-lin'e-at), v.t. to mark out 
with lines; sketch; portray; describe 
minutely and accurately in words. 

delineation (-e-a'shun), n. the act 
or art of delineating; a sketch, de- 
scription, &c. 

delineator ('e-a-ter), n. one who de- 
lineates. 

delineatory (-to-ri), adj. delineating. 

delinquency (-Ung'kwen-si), n. [pi. 
delinquencies (-siz) ], neglect of, or 
failure in, duty; a misdeed; fault. 

delinquent ('kwent), adj. falling 
short of duty : n. one who neglects, or 
fails to perform, a duty; an offender. 

deliquesce (del-i-kwes'), v.i. to melt 
and become liquid by absorbing 
moisture from the atmosphere. 

deliquescence ('ens), n. the act, 
property, or state of deliquescing. 

deliquescent Cent), adj. liquefying 
or melting on exposure to the at- 
mosphere. 

delirious (de-lir'i-us), adj. light- 
headed; insane; frantic with de- 
light. 

delirium ('i-um), n. excitement anc 
aberration of the mind, caused bj 
fever, &c. 

delirium tremens (tre'mens), n. 
disease of the brain caused by the 
excessive and prolonged use of in- 
toxicating liquors. 

deliver (de-liv'er), v.t. to set free; 
save; yield possession or control of; 
send forth vigorously; _ discharge; 
communicate; speak; disburden of 
a child. 

deliverance ('er-ans), n. the act of 
delivering; rescue; an authoritative 
utterance by an official or judge on 
some technical point. 

delivery ('er-i), n. \pl. deliveries 
(-riz) ], the act of delivering; a set- 
ting free; a surrender; transfer; 
manner of utterance; a distribution 
of letters, &c. ; the act or manner of 
delivering a ball; parturition. 

dell (del), n. a small secluded valley. 

Delphic (del'fik), adj. pertaining to 
Delphi, or to the famous sanctuary 
of Apollo with its priestess, or the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DELTA 



219 



DEMOCRAT 



games celebrated there in honor of 
Apollo. Also Delphian. 

delta (del'ta), n. [pi. deltas ('taz) ], 
an alluvial deposit, shaped like the 
Greek letter A formed at the mouth 
of a river; any triangular surface. 

deltaic (-ta'ik), adj. pertaining to a 
delta. 

deltoid ('toid), adj. shaped like a 
delta (A); pertaining to the deltoid 
muscle of the shoulder. 

delude (de-lud), v.t. to impose upon 
the mind or judgment of; beguile; 
deceive. 

deluge (del'uj), n. an inundation; a 
great overflowing of the land by 
water, especially that of the time of 
Noah (Genesis vii.); a sudden and 
resistless calamity: v.t. to over- 
whelm. 

delul (de-lool'), n. & female drome- 
dary. 

delusion (-lu'zhun), n. the act of 
deluding; deceit; imposition; illu- 
sion. 

delusive (-lu'siv), 
delude or deceive 

; delusory. 

delve (delv), v.t. 

I spade; fathom; penetrate. 

Sdemagnetize (de-mag 'net-iz) . v.t. to 

t deprive of magnetic properties. 

'demagogic (dem-a-gog'ik), adj. char- 
acteristic of a demagogue. Also 

■ demagogical. 

demagogisrn 
principles or 
gogue. 

demagogue ('a-gog), n. a popular 
and factious orator, especially one 
who inveighs against constituted au- 
thority. 

demand (de-mand'), v.t. to claim as 

right or authority; ask in a per- 

iptory manner; summon: n. an 

ithoritative claim; a peremptory 

jquest; the state of being much 

)ught after. 

lemandant ('lint), n. a plaintiff. 

demantoid (-man'toid), n. an em- 
erald green garnet: used as a gem. 

demarcation (-mar-ka'shun), n. the 



adj. tending to 
deceptive. Also 

to open with a 



('a-gog-izm), 
practice of 



n. the 
dema- 



dema 
I by 

emj 

autl 
reqi 

SOU| 

dema 



act of defining, or marking, the 
bounds of. 

demarch (de'mark), n. the ruler of 
a deme or district in Greece. 

demean (de-men'), v.t. to behave 
(with self) . 

demeanor ('er), n. behavior; de- 
portment. 

dement (-menf), v.t. to make insane. 

dementia (-men'shi-a), n. insanity. 

demesne (de-men'), n. landed estate 
attached to a manor: adj. pertaining 
to a demesne. 

demi (dem'i), a prefix signifying 
half, used in composition, as Semi- 
quaver, a note equal in duration to 
half a quaver. 

demi. Same as demy. 

demigod (dem'i-god), n. an inferior 
deity; one whose nature is partly 
divine; the offspring of a god and 
a human being; a deified hero. 

demijohn (-jon), n. a large glass 
bottle with a small neck and large 
body, usually incased in wickerwork. 

demisable (-miz'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being demised. 

demise (-miz') , n. the transfer of a 
right to, or of a title in, an estate 
through death or forfeiture; death, 
especially of a royal personage; the 
conveyance or transfer of an estate 
by will or lease for a term of years 
or in fee simple: v.t. to give or grant 
by will: v.i. to pass by bequest or 
inheritance. 

demobilize (-m5'bi-liz), v.t. to dis- 
band or dismiss (troops that have 
been mobilized) ; change from a war 
to a peace footing. 

democracy (-mok'ra-si), n. [pi. de- 
mocracies (-siz) ], government by 
the people collectively by elected 
representatives; political or social 
equality. 

Democracy, n. the Democratic party 
or its principles. 

democrat (dem'o-krat), n. one who 
advocates and upholds the principles 
of democracy. 

Democrat, n. a member of the Demo- 
cratic party. 



* 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



boon, 



DEMOCRATIC 



220 



DENATURED 



democratic (-krat'ik), or demo- 
cratical (-al), adj. pertaining to 
democracy. 

demogenic (dem-o-jen'ik), a. relat- 
ing to a people organized on a civic 
basis instead of on a basis of kinship. 

demography (de-mog'ra-fi), n. the 
science that deals with the vital 
and social conditions of a people. 

demoiselle (dem-wa-zel') n. a young 
lady, or unmarried woman; the Nu- 
midian crane; a handsome small 
dragon-fly. 

demolish (de-mol'ish), v.t. to throw 
down; reduce to ruins; destroy; 
annihilate. 

demolition (dem-o-lish'un), n. the 
act or process of demolishing; de- 
struction. 

demological (dem-o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to the study of vital 
statistics and social conditions of a 
people. 

demology (de-mol'o-ji), n. the statis- 
tical study of populations and social 
conditions ; demography. 

demon (de'mon), n. an evil spirit; 
devil;* a guardian spirit or genius. 

demonetize (-mon'e-tiz), v.t. to de- 
prive of standard value, as currency ; 
withdraw from use as money. 

demoniac (-mo'ni-ak), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or influenced by, demons; 
characteristic of a demon or evil 
spirit. Also demoniacal : n. a lunatic. 

demonism ('mon-izm), n. belief in 
demons; the nature of a demon. 

demonolatry (-ol'a-tri), n. devil 
worship 

demonology (-ol'o-ji), n. a treatise 
on demons or evil spirits, as con- 
nected with the science of religion, 
or popular superstitions. 

demonstrable (de-mon'stra-bl), adj. 
capable of being demonstrated. 

demonstrate (de-mon' or dem'on- 
strat), v.t to prove beyond the pos- 
sibility of a doubt; teach by exam- 
ples: v.i.'to organize, or take part in, 
a party demonstration. 

demonstration (dem-on-stra/shun) , 
n. the act of demonstrating; a proof 



beyond the possibility of a doubt; 
manifestation; a public exhibition 
of sympathy with some political or 
social movement; the exhibition and 
description of examples in art and 
science teaching, especially anatomy. 

demonstrative ('stra-tiv), adj. hav- 
ing the power of demonstration; 
conclusive; manifesting the feelings 
openly and strongly: n. a demon- 
strative pronoun. 

demonstrator ('on-stra-ter), n. one 
who demonstrates; a teacher of prac- 
tical anatomy, or physical science. 

demoralize ('al-Iz), v.t. to corrupt, 
or undermine, the morals of; de- 
prive of spirit or energy; throw 
into confusion. 

demountable (de-mount 'a-bl), adj. 
capable of being taken off or re- 
moved; recently in use as applicable 
to automobile rims and tires. 

demulcent (-muTsent), adj. soften- 
ing; lenitive: n. a medicine which 
allays irritation. 

demur (de-mur'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
murred, p.pr. demurring], to hesi- 
tate; raise objections; to interpose 
a demurrer: n. an objection or ex- 
ception. 

demure (-mur'), adj. grave; sober; 
decorous in bearing; affectedly 
modest or grave. 

demurrage (-mur'aj), n. the com- 
pensation paid by the freighter for 
the detention of a vessel in port 
beyond the stipulated time. 

demurrer er), n. an issue on a 
point of Jaw. 

demy (de-mi), n. [pi. demies- (-miz') ], 
a particular size of writing and 
printing paper, 15 x 20 inches, and 
173^ x - 2 inches respectively. 

denationalize (de-nash'un-al-Iz), v.t. 
to deprive of national rights or 
character; render local. 

denaturalize (-nat'u-ral-iz), v.t. to 
make unnatural; divest of the ac- 
quired rights of citizenship in a 
foreign country. 

denatured (de-na/turd), adj. a sub- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl: me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, th%n. 



DENDRITE 221 DENUCLEATE 

stance altered in character for special act of unraveling or solving a plot; 
uses, as "denatured alcohol" (1907). outcome. 

dendrite (den'drit), n. a stone or denounce (de-nouns'), v.t. to threat- 
mineral with tree-like markings. en or accuse publicly; censure; 

dendroid ('droid), adj. resembling a stigmatize; lay claim to (a new, or 
tree in appearance; arborescent. an abandoned, mine). 

dendrology (-drol'o-ji), n. the nat- dense (dens), adj. thick; compact; 
ural history of trees; a treatise on intense, 
trees. density (den'si-ti), n. compactness; 

dendrometer (-drom'e-ter), n. an mass of matter per unit of volume; 
apparatus for taking the heights depth of shade, 
and diameters of trees to ascertain dent (dent), n. a slight depression 
their contents. caused by a blow or pressure; the 

denial (de-ni'al), n. the act of deny- tooth of a wheel; a cog, card, comb, 
ing; refusal; contradiction; non- or metallic brush: v.t. to make a 
compliance. dent in. 

denizen (den 'i-zen), n. an inhabitant; dental (den'tal), adj. pertaining to 
citizen; an alien who has received the teeth; pronounced by the aid of 
letters patent admitting him to the the teeth : n. a letter pronounced by 
rights of citizenship. the aid of the teeth. 

denominate (de-nom'i-nat), v.t. to dentary ('ta-ri), adj. pertaining to 
designate; characterized by an •epi- teeth. 

thet; name: adj. made up of units dentate ('tat), adj. toothed. Also 
of a specified kind. dentated. 

denomination (-i-na'shun), n. the denticulate (-tik'u-lat), adj. fur- 
act of designating; a sect, class, or nished with small teeth. Also den- 
division. • ticulated. 

denominationalism (-al-izm), n. a dentiform ('ti-form), adj. tooth- 

| denominational or class spirit, or shaped. 

policy; the opinion that education dentifrice ('ti-fris), n. tooth-powder, 
should be carried out through reli- dentil ('til), n. one of the_ small 

; gious bodies. square blocks or projections in cor- 

denominative ('i-na-tiv), adj. giv- nices. Also dentel. 

ing a name; formed from a sub- dentilabial (-ti-la'bi-al), adj. artic- 
stantive or adjectival stem; conno- ulated between the teeth and the 

f tative: n. a verb formed from a sub- lips. 

stantive or adjectival stem. dentilingual (-ling'gwal), adj. formed 

denominator ('i-na-ter), n. one who, between the teeth and the tongue. 
or that which, denominates; the ex- Dentolingual. 

pression of a fraction which, when dentine (den'tin), n. the hard, dense, 
placed below the line,^ gives the calcified tissue which forms the 
name or value to the unit. body of a tooth. 

denotable (de-not'a-bl), adj. that dentiphone ,('ti-fon), n. an audi- 
may be denoted. phone. 

denotative (-no'ta-tiv), adj. having dentist '<' tist >' n ' a dental ™*&®*> 

the power to denote or point out; dentistry ('tis-tn), n. dental surgery, 

'gnificant. dentition (-tish'un), n. the process, 

ote (de-nof), v.t. to signify or or period, of cutting the teeth; ar- 

dentify by a visible sign; indicate; rangement of the teeth, 

etoken. dentoid ('toid), adj. tooth-shaped, 

ouement (da-noo-mang'), n. the denucleate (de-nu'kle-at), v.t. to 

arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DENUDATION 



222 



DEPOT 



deprive a cell of its nucleus; more 
commonly written enucleate. 

denudation (de-nu- or den-u-da/shun ) , 
n. the act of stripping or making bare. 

denude (de-nud 7 ), v.t. to make bare 
or naked; lay bare (rocks) by ero- 
sive action. 

denunciation (-nun-si-a'shun), n. 
the act of denouncing; a threat; 
menace. 

denunciator (-nun'si-a-ter), n. a de- 
nouncer. 

denunciatory (-to-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or containing, a denunciation. 
Denunciative. 

deodand (de'd-dand), n. any per- 
sonal chattel which has caused 
death, and for that reason has been 
given to God (forfeited to the 
Crown) for pious uses. 

deodorant (-o'der-ant), n. a deodor- 
izer. 

deodorize ('der-iz), v.t. to disinfect. 

depart (de-part'), v.i. to go or move 
away; leave; die; desist. 

department ('ment), n. a separate 
room or office for business; a branch 
of business, study, or science; a 
territorial administrative division. 

departmental ('al), adj. pertaining 
to a department; governed by de- 
partments. 

departure (par'chur), n. the act of 
departing; a going away; deviation; 
death. 

depend (de-pend'), v.i. to rely for 
support; trust; hang down. 

dependence ('ens), n. the state of 
being dependent; connection; reli- 
ance; trust. Also dependency (-si), 
[pi. dependencies (-siz) ], a colony. 

dependent Cent), adj. hanging down; 
contingent ; conditional ; subordinate : 
n. one dependent upon another; a 
retainer; consequence. 

depict (de-pikf), v.t. to paint or 
portray; describe or represent vivid- 

i ly - 

depilatory (de-pil'a-to-ri), adj. hav- 
ing the power of removing hair: n. 
an application for removing super- 
fluous hairs. 



depletion (-ple'shun), n. the act of 
emptying or exhuasting; blood-let- 
ting. 

deplorable (-plor'a-bl), adj. worthy 
to be deplored; sad; calamitous;! 
grievous. 

deplore (-plor'), v.t. to lament; 
grieve for. 

deploy (-ploi'), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
deployed, p.pr. deploying], to open 
out; extend in line so as to present 
a wider front: n. the act of deploy- 
ing. Also deployment. 

depolarize (-po'lar-iz), v.t. to de- 
prive of polarity. 

deponent (-pon'ent), adj. denoting a 
Latin verb with a passive form 
and an active meaning: n. a witness i 
who makes an affidavit to a state- >_ 
ment of fact. f e 

depopulate (-pop'u-lat), v.t. to deprive 
of inhabitants; devastate; lay waste. n - 

deport (-port'), v.t. to carry from^h 
one country to another; banish; be- 
have (one's self). 

deportment ('ment), n. conduct; 
behavior. 

depose (-poz), v.t. to remove from a 
throne, or other high station; de- 
prive of office: v.i. testify on oath. 

deposit (-poz'it), v.t. to put or set 
down; place; intrust to another for 
security: n. anything deposited; 
something committed to the care of 
another; a pledge; rocks produced 
by denudation or by the laying down 
of other formations. \ 

depositary ('i-ta-ri), n. one with 
whom something is intrusted; a< 
guardian. 

deposition (dep-o-zish'un), n. the act 
of depositing or deposing; that which 
is deposited or deposed; an affidavit. 

depositor (de-poz'i-ter), n. one who 
deposits. 

depository ('i-to-ri), n. [pi. deposi- 
tories (-riz)], the place where any- 
thing is deposited for security; a 
depot for the sale of publications. 

depot (de'po, or dep'6), n. a ware- 
house; a magazine for military 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



boon, 



DEPRAVATION 



223 



DERIVATIVE 



stores, &c; the headquarters of a 
regiment; a railway station. 

depravation (dep-ra-va/shun), n. the 
act of depraving; deterioration. 
I deprave (de-prav'), v.t. to make bad. 
' depraved (-pravd'), p.adj. morally de- 
based; corrupt; made bad or worse. 

depravity (-prav'i-ti), n. the state of 
being depraved or corrupt; wicked- 
ness. 

deprecable (dep're-ka-bl), adj. that 
which is, or should be, deprecated. 

deprecate ('re-kat), v.t. to pray 
against; disapprove strongly; ex- 
press regret for. 

deprecation (-ka'shun), the act of 
deprecating; in litanies, a petition 
to be delivered from some spiritual 
or temporal evil. 

deprecatory (dep're-ka-to-ri), adj. 
apologetic. 

depreciate (de-pre'shi-at), v.t. to 
lower the value, or rate, of; dis- 
parage: v.i. to fall in value. 

depreciation (-a/shun), n. the act 
of lessening the value or worth of; 
fall in value. 

depredate (dep're-dat), v.i. to pil- 
lage; rob; lay waste; prey upon. 

depredation (-da/shun), n. the act 
of depredating. 

depredator (dep're-da-ter), n. a 
plunderer. 

depredatory (-to-ri), adj. plundering. 

depress (de-pres'), v.t. to press or 

t thrust down; humble; dispirit; lower 
or cheapen. 
spression (-presh'un), n. the act of 
depressing; the sinking or falling in 
of a surface; abasement; dejection. 
^pressor (-pres'er), n. one who, or 
that which, depresses; a muscle that 
draws down an organ or part. 
iprivation (dep-ri-va'shun), n. the 
act of taking away; destitution; loss. 
jprive (de-priv'), v.t. to take from; 
dispossess; debar; depose from office. 
depth (depth), n. the state or degree 

of being deep; profoundness. 
depth bomb; depth charge, a steel 
container filled with a powerful ex- 
plosive, to be lowered from a de- 



stroyer or other vessel. At a regu- 
lated depth its mechanism causes it 
to -explode with terrific force, shat- 
tering everything above it. 

deputation (dep-u-ta/shun), n. the 
act of deputing; the persons deputed. 

depute (de-put'), v.t. to appoint as 
an agent or deputy; send with au- 
thority to act on behalf of the prin- 
cipal. 

deputize (dep'pu-tiz), v.t. to appoint 
as a deputy. 

deputy ('ti-ti), n. [pi. deputies (-tiz) ], 
one appointed to act for another; 
a delegate. 

derail (de-ral'), v.i. to run off the 
rails: v.t. to cause to leave the rails. 

derange (-ranj 7 ), v.t. to throw into 
confusion; disturb the normal func- 
tions of; displace. 

Derby (der'bi), n. [pi. derbies ('biz) ], 
a race, founded, 1780, for three-year- 
old horses, run annually at Epsom, 
England. 

derby (der'bi), n. a kind of stiff felt 
hat, with convex crown and curved 
brim. 

derelict (der'e-likt), adj. abandoned; 
adrift: n. anything left, forsaken, 
or cast away intentionally, as at 
sea : pi. abandoned goods found at sea. 

dereliction (-lik'shun), n. omission, 
as of obligation or duty; the gain- 
ing of land by the permanent retire- 
ment of the sea. 

deride (-rid'), v.t. to mock; laugh 
at: v.i. to indulge in mockery, scorn, 
or ridicule. 

derisible (-riz'i-bl), adj. open to de- 



rision. 
derision 

riding; 
derisive 



(-rizh'un), n. the act of de- 
ridicule; scorn; contempt, 
(-ris'iv), adj. expressing de- 
rision. 
derivable (-riv'a-bl), adj. capable of 

being derived; deducible. 
derivation (der-i-va'shun) , n. the 
act of deriving, or the condition of 
being derived; the process of trac- 
ing a word from its original source; 
evolution; deduction. 
derivative (de-riv'a-tiv), adj. deiived 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DERIVE 224 DESICCATION 

or taken from another; deducible; lineally descended from an ancestor; 

secondary : n . a word obtained from offspring. 

some other by a prefix or suffh:, or descendent Cent), adj. descending; 

other modification. sinking. 

derive (-riv'), v.t. to draw from an descendible ('i-bl), adj. that may be 

original source; obtain by trans- descended; transmissible. 

mission or descent; trace (a word) descension ('shun), n. the act of 

to its original root or stem; deduce; descending; a falling; declension; 

infer. sinking downwards, 

derma (der'ma), n. the true skin. descent (-sent'), n. change from a 

dermal ('mal), adj. pertaining to the? higher to a lower place; a sudden 

or consisting of, skin. Also dermic. hostile invasion or attack; moral or 

dermatoid ('ma-toid), adj. like skin. social declension; transmission of an 

dermatology (-tol'o-ji), n. the sci- estate; derivation from a common 

ence which treats of the skin and its ancestor: birth; a passage from a 

diseases. higher to a lower pitch. 

dermatozoa (der'ma-to-zo'a), n. pi. describable (de-skrlb'a-bl), adj. ca- 

parasites, mostly microscopic, that pable of description. 

live in or on the skin. describe (-skrib'), v.t. to delineate or 

dermic, another form of dermal. trace out; narrate; set forth. 

dernier ressort (der'ni-er re-zor'), description (-skrip'shun), n. the act 

n. the last resort or expedient. of describing; delineation by marks 

derogate ('o-gat), v.t. to take away; or signs; an account of anything in 

annul partially: v.i. detract (with words or writing. 

from). descriptive ('tiv), adj. tending to, 

derogation (-ga'shun), n. the act of or serving to, describe; containing 

derogating; detraction; depreciation. description. 

derogatory (de-rog'a-to-ri),'ac(/. tend- desecrate (des'e-krat), v.t. to divert 

ing to derogate from honor, char- from a sacred to a secular use; pro- 

acter, or value (with to, from). fane. 
derrick ('ik), n. an apparatus for desecration (-kra'shun), n. prof ana- 
hoisting heavy weights. tion. 
derringer ('in-jer), n. a pocket pis- desert (de-zerf), v.t. to forsake; 

tol with a short barrel of very large abandon: v.i. abscond from duty. 

caliber. _ desert (dez'ert), n. a barren tract 

dervish ('vish), n. a Mohammedan incapable of supporting life or vege- 

monk who professes extreme pov- tation; a solitude: adj. pertaining to 

erty, chastity, and humility, and a desert. 

I eads a very austere life; a Sou- desert (de-zerf), n. a reward or pun- 

danese adherent of the Mahdi. ishment deserved; merit. 

descant (des'kant), n. a varied song deserve (-zerv'), v.t. to earn by serv- 

or melody; a disquisition or com- i ce; b e justly entitled to, or worthy 

ment: des-kant ) v.%. to comment G f ; merit: v.i. to be worthy or de- 

freely; discourse at length. serving (usual with well or ill). 

descend (de-send'), v.i. to pass from , , u .„ -,• , ,.„ 

a higher to a lower position; fall deshabllI «, same as dishabille. 

upon or invade; be derived from; desiccate (des'i-kat), v.t. to dry thor- 

f all in order of inheritance, or from oughly; dry up; preserve by ex- 
one generation to another; move to- hausting the moisture from: v.i. to 

ward the south: said of a star: v.t. become dry. 

to move or pass along downwards, desiccation (-ka'shun), n. the act of 

descendant ('ant), n. one who is drying. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 









DESICCATIVE 



225 



DESTROY 



desiccative (des'i-ka-tiv), adj. tending 
to dry. 

desiccator (-ter), n. an apparatus for 
drying foods and other substances. 

desiderate (de-sid'er-at), v.t. to be 
in want or need of; desire to have. 

desiderative (-iv), adj. having desire. 

desideratum (-ra/tum), n. [pi. de- 
siderata ('ta) ], anything desired; a 
want or desire generally felt and 
recognized. 

design (-zln'), v.t. to draw, mark, or 
plan out; project; set apart mental- 
ly: v.i.'to formulate designs or exe- 
cute original work: n. an outline, 
plan, or drawing; project; intention. 

designate (des'ig-nat), v.t. to indicate 
by marks, lines, or a description the 
limits of; point out; distinguish; 
name: adj. designated; selected. 

designation (-na/shun), n. the act 
of designating; nomination; ap- 
pointment. 

designedly (de-zin'ed-li), adv. inten- 
tionally. 

designing (-zin'ing), adj. scheming; 
artful; cunning; insidious; wily. 

desirability (-zlr-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being desirable. 
isirable ('a-bl), adj. pleasing; 
agreeable. 

desirous ('us), adj. full of desire. 

~ isist ('sist), v.i. to cease from. 
>late (des'o-lat), v.t. to lay waste; 
leprive of inhabitants; overwhelm 
rith sorrow: adj. deprived of in- 
labitants; solitary; laid waste; aban- 
loned; miserable. 

tlation (-la/shun), n. the act of 
lesolating; the state of being deso- 
ited; a solitude; ruin; destruction; 

iction; misery. 

spair (-par'), v.i. to abandon all 

lope, or expectation; become hope- 

3s; v.t. to lose hope or confidence 

n. loss of hope or confidence; 

lopelessness; desperation. 

spatch (des-pach'), or dispatch 

(dis-), v.t. to send off; expedite; 

)ut to death; finish quickly: n. 

>eedy performance; celerity; an 



express; an official document sent 
to a minister abroad. 

desperado (-per-a'do), n. a man 
reckless of danger; a wild ruffian. 

desperate ('per-at), adj. regardless 
of danger or consequences; reckless; 
hopeless. 

despicable ('pi-ka-bl), adj. contempt- 
ible. 

despise (-spiz'), v.t. to look down 
upon with scorn or contempt; dis- 
dain. 

despite (-spit'), n. extreme contempt; 
malicious anger; scorn; hatred: prep. 
notwithstanding. 

despoil (-spoil'), v.t. to rob; deprive. 

despond (-spond'), v.i. to be cast 
down in spirits; give way to de- 
spondency. 

despondency ('en-si), n. absence of 
hope or courage; deep mental de- 
pression. 

despot (des'pot), n. an absolute ir- 
responsible ruler; an autocrat; 
tyrant. 

despotic (-pot'ik), adj. absolute in 
power; autocratic; irresponsible; 
arbitrary; tyrannical. Also despot- 
ical. 

despotism ('pot-izm), n. absolute 
power or government; tyranny. 

dessert (dez-erf), n. a course of 
fruits, sweets, &c, usually served 
last at dinner. 

destination (des-ti-na'shun), n. pur- 
pose or end for which anything is 
appointed; ultimate design; goal; 
termination. 

destine (des'tin), v.t. to appoint to 
any use or purpose; fix unalterably; 
doom. 

destiny ('ti-ni), n. [pi. destinies (-niz) ], 
premeditated lot; fate; inevitable 
necessity. 

destitute ('ti-tut), adj. without 
means of existence; forsaken; poor; 
penniless. 

destitution (-tu'shun), n. poverty; 
want. 

destroy (de-stroi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
destroyed, p.pr. destroying], to pull 
down; overturn; lay waste; render 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DESTRUCTIBILITY 



226 



DETERMINATIVE 



desolate; kill; put an end to; dis- 
prove. 

destructibility (-struk-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being destructible. 

destructible ('ti-bl); adj. that may- 
be destroyed. 

destruction (-struk'shun), n. the 
act or process of destroying; sub- 
version; overthrow; ruin; death. 

destructive ('tiv), adj. tending to, 
or causing, destruction; ruinous; 
hurtful. 

destructiveness (-nes), n. the qual- 
ity of being destructive; a propen- 
sity to destroy. 

desudation (des-u-da'shun), n. pro- 
fuse sweating. 

desuetude (des'we-tud), n. disuse. 

desultory (des'ul-to-ri), adj. passing 
from one thing to another without 
order or method; cursory; erratic. 

desultorily (-ri-li), adv. in a desul- 
tory manner. 

detach (de-tach'), v.t. to disconnect; 
detail for a specific purpose; send 
away from. 

detaching-roller (de-tach'ing-ro'ler) 
n. a roller on a cotton-combing 
machine for detaching a tuft of cot- 
ton after _t is combed. 

detachment ('ment), n. the act of 
detaching; the thing detached; a 
body of troops, or certain ships, de- 
tached from the main body and sent 
on special service. 

detail (de-tal'), v.t. to relate minute- 
ly; enumerate; tell off for a given 
duty: v.i. to give details of: n. an 
item; a particular or minute ac- 
count; a small detachment for spe- 
cial service: pi. minute parts of a 
picture, statue, &c. 

detain _ (de-tan'), v.t. to hold back; 
restrain from departure; retain in 
custody. 

detainer ('er), n. one who detains; 
a writ for holding a person in cus- 
tody. 

detainment ('ment), n. detention. 

detect (de-tekf), v.t. to discover; 
bring to light; expose; find out; as- 
certain the character of. 



detectable (-tek'ta-bl), adj. that may 
be detected. Also detectible. 

detection ('shun), n. the act of de- 
tecting or its result; discovery. 

detective ('tiv), adj. employed in de- 
tecting; pertaining to detectives, or 
detection: n. one whose business it is 
to trace wrong-doers. 

detector ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, detects; an apparatus or de- 
vice for indicating the presence of 
anything. 

detent (de-tenf), n. a pin, lever, or 
stud forming a stop in a clock, lock, 
&c. 

detention (-ten'shun), n. the act of 
detaining or withholding; restraint; 
delay. 

detentive ('tiv), adj. employed in 
detaining. 

deter (de-ter), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
terred, p.pr. deterringl, to discourage 
or hinder, by fear; restrain; dis- 
hearten. 

deterge (-terj'), v.t. to cleanse, as a 
wound. 

deteriorate (-te'ri-o-rat), v.t. to re- 
duce to an inferior quality or value; 
impair: v.i. to grow worse. 

deterioration (-ra'shun), n. deg 
eracy. 

determinable (-ter'mi-na-bl), adj. 
capable of being definitely ascer- 
tained; denned with clearness; ter- 
minable. 

determinant ('mi-nant), adj. caus- 
ing determination: n. that which 
determines, decides, or establishes 
something. 

determinate ('mi-nat), adj. having 
definite or fixed limits; clearly de- 
fined;* specific. 

determination (-na/shun), n. the 
act of determining; purpose; reso- 
lution. 

determinative ('min-ll-tiv), adj. de- 
termining, limiting, or defining; 
tending to define the genus or 
species: n. that which serves to de- 
termine the quality or character of 
something else; a demonstrative 
pronoun; an ideograph. 



' 



— . — _____________ _ — _ . 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DETERMINE 



227 



DEVIATION 



determine (de-ter'min), v.i. to de- 
cide; end: v.t. to fix or settle the 
bounds of; put an end to; restrict. 
determined ('mind), p. adj. reso- 
lute; inflexible; fixed; circumscribed; 
limited. 

determinism (de-ter'min-izm), n. 
the doctrine in philosophy that all 
acts are pre-determined by some 
efficient cause. 

deterrent (-ter'ent), adj. serving, or 
tending, to detei: n. that which 
deters. 

detest (-test'), v.t. to hate intensely. 

detestation (de-tes- or det-es-ta'- 
shun), n. extreme dislike or abhor- 
rence; loathing. 

dethrone (-thron'), v.t. to remove 
from a throne; deprive of authority. 

detinue (det'i-nu), n. a writ for the 
recovery of chattels unlawfully de- 
tained. 

detonate (det'o-nat), v.t. to cause 
to explode with a loud and sudden 
report: v.i. to explode loudly and 
suddenly. 

detonation (-o-na'shun), n. a sudden 
explosion with a loud report. 

detonator ('o-na-ter), n. a substance 
that detonates; a percussion-cap. 

detour (de-toor'), n. a circuitous way. 

detract (-trakf), v.t. to draw or 
take away (with from): v.i. take 
away the reputation. 

detraction (-trak'shun), n. depre- 
ciation; defamation; slander. 

detractor ('ter), n. one who de- 
tracts; a muscle that draws away 
some part. 

detrain (de-tran'), v.t. to remove 
from a train, as troops: v.i. alight 
from a train. 

detriment (det'ri-ment), n. that 
which injures, reduces in value, or 
causes damage. 

detrimental ('al), adj. injurious. 

detrital (de-tri'tal), adj. pertaining 
to, or consisting of, detritus. 

detritus ('tus), n. accumulations 
arising from fragments of rocks 
broken off or worn away; debris; 
waste. 



de trop (de-tro'), too much; out of 
place; not wanted: said of a per- 
son whose presence is not desired. 

deuce (dus), n. the devil; a card or 
dice with two spots; a term used in 
scoring at lawn tennis. 

deuce-ace ('as), n. the one and two 
thrown at dice. 

deutoplasm (du'to-plazm), n. the 
secondary or nutritive plasm or albu- 
minous part of the yolk, which pro- 
vides food for the embryo. 

Deutzia (dut'zi-a), n. a small genus 
of handsome Chinese and Japanese 
shrubs. 

dev (dav), n. one of the high powers 
or gods in nature. Also deva. 

devachan (da'va-kan), n. in occultism, 
a state into which the higher spiritual 
life of man passes after death. 

devachanee (-e'), n. one who is in 
the enjoyment of the devachan. 

devaporation (de-vap-o-ra'shun) , n. 
the change of vapor into water. 

devastate (dev'as-tat), v.t. to lay 
waste; desolate; ravage; plunder. 

devastation (-ta-shun), n. the act 
of devastating; desolation; waste; 
destruction. 

devastator ('as-ta-ter), n. one who 
devastates. 

develop (de-vel'op), v.t. to unfold 
gradually; make known in detail; 
complete; to cause to go from a 
lower to a higher state; bring to 
view by inducing changes on a sen- 
sitized plate: v.i. to advance from 
one stage to another; become grad- 
ually apparent. 

development (-ment), n. the act of 
developing. 

devest (de-vest'), v.t. to alienate or 
annul, as right or title: v.i. to be 
lost or alienated. 

deviate (de'vi-at), v.i. to turn aside 
from a certain course; diverge; err: 
v.t. to change the direction or posi- 
tion of. 

deviation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
deviating; digression; wandering; 
variation from established rule; er- 
ror. 



i, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



f 



DEVIATOR 



228 



DIACRITICAL MARK 



deviator (-ter), n. one who deviates. 

device (de-vis'), n. a contrivance; 
invention; a stratagem; a fanciful 
design or pattern; a heraldic em- 
blem. 

devilish (-ish), adj. diabolical; ex- 
tremely wicked; infernal; excessive. 

devilkin (-kin), n. a little devil. 

devilment (-ment), n. roguishness. 

devilry (-ri), malicious mischief; dia- 
bolical wickedness. 

devious (de'vi-us), adj. rambling; 
circuitous. 

devisable (-vis'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being imagined or bequeathed. 

devise (-viz'), v.t. to imagine; scheme; 
contrive; concoct; bequeath by will: 
n. a gift of real property by will; 
a will. 

devisee (dev-i-ze'), n. the person to 
whom a bequest has been made. 

deviser (de-viz'er), n. one who de- 
vises or invents. 

devisor ('er), n. one who bequeaths 
by will. 

devoid (-void'), adj. destitute of. 

devoir (dev-war'), n. a service or 
duty owed; an act of courtesy or 
respect (usual -pi.). 

devolve (de-volv'), v.t. to transfer 
from one to another; transmit: v.i. 
to be transferred or transmitted. 

devote (de-vot')^ v.t. to dedicate or 
consecrate; consign to evil; give up 
wholly to; apply (one's self, &c.) to 
some object. 

devotee (dev-o-te'), n. a votary; en- 
thusiast. 

devotion (de-vo'shun), n. the act of 
devoting or consecrating; the state 
of being devoted; strong affection; 
ardent love; religious worship; 
prayer (usually pi.). 

devotional (-al), adj. devout. 

devour, (de-vour') v.t. to swallow 
greedily or ravenously; consume or 
destroy rapidly; annihilate; enjoy 
with avidity. 

devout (-vouf), adj. devoted to religi- 
ous thoughts and exercises; heartfelt. 

dew (du), n. aqueous vapor con- 
densed from the atmosphere and de- 



posited in small drops at evening; 
that which falls lightly and in a re- 
freshing manner. 

dew-claw ('claw), n. the little claw 
behind a dog's foot; the false hoof 
of a deer. 

dewlap ('lap), n. the loose skin that 
hangs from the neck of an ox or 
cow. 

dexter (deks'ter), adj. right: opposed 
to left. 

dexterity ('i-ti), n. manual skill; 
mental or physical adroitness; clev- 
erness. 

dexterous (-us), adj. possessing 
manual skill; quick, mentally or 
physically; adroit; clever. Also 
dextrous. 

dextrine ('trin), n. a white gummy 
substance found in plant sap, &c: 
used as gum. 

dextrose ^ ('tros), n. a white crystal- 
line variety of sugar found in sweet 
fruits: as the grape, cherry, &c, and 
in diabetic urine. 

diabetes (-a-be'tez), n. a disease 
characterized by a morbid and ex- 
cessive discharge of urine. 

diabetic (-bet'ik), adj. pertaining to 
diabetes. 

diablerie (di-ab'le-re), n. impish 
mischief; deviltry. 

diabolic (di-a-bol'ik), or diabolic- 
al (-al), adj. devilish; outrageously 
wicked; impious. 

diacaustic (-a-kaws'tik), adj. denot- 
ing a caustic curve formed by re- 
fracted rays: n. a diacaustic curve. 

diaconal (-ak'o-nal), adj. pertaining 
to a deacon. 

diaconate (-ak'o-nat), n. the office 
or dignity of a deacon; deacons col- 
lectively. 

diacoustics (di-a-kous' or -koos'- 
tiks), n.pl. the science of refracted 
sounds; diaphonics. 

diacritical (-krit'i-kal), adj. serving 
to separate or distinguish; sufficient 
to magnetize an iron core to one- 
half its saturation. Also diacritic. 

diacritical mark (mark), n. a mark 
employed to distinguish letters or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



! 



DIADEM 



229 



DIAPHYLACTIC 



sounds which resemble each other, 
and to indicate their true pronun- 
ciation, as a, o. 

diadem ('a-dem), n. a crown; tiara. 

diaeresis, same as dieresis. 

diaglyphic (-glif'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or like, an intaglio: sunk into the 
general surface. 

diagnose (-ag-nos'), v.t. to ascer- 
tain, as a disease, by its general 
symptoms. 

diagnosis (-no'sis), n. [-pi. diagnoses 
('sez) ], scientific discrimination; the 
recognition of a disease by its symp- 
toms. 

diagnostic (-nos'tik), adj. charac- 
teristic: n. a symptom distinguish- 
ing a disease. 
liagometer (-gom'e-ter), n. a kind 
of electroscope for measuring and 
determining relative conductivity. 
liagonal (-ag'o-nal), adj. extending 
from one angle to another: n. a 
straight oblique line dividing a rec- 
tangular figure into equal parts. 
[iagram ('a-gram), n. a geometrical 
figure; a mechanical plan; an out- 
line, drawing, or figure. 
tiagraph ('a-graf), n. an instrument 
for drawing figures or objects me- 
chanically. 
lial (dl'al), n. an instrument for 
showing the time by the sun's shad- 
ow; the face of a timepiece; any 
plate on which an index finger 
marks revolutions, pressure, &c; 
an insulated fixed wheel used in> 
telegraphy: v.t. to measure or in- 
dicate by a dial; survey with a 
miner's compass. 
lialect ('a-lekt), n. the peculiar 
manner in which a language is 
spoken in a province or district of 
a country; idiom; a sub-division of 
a language. 
lialectic T'ik), adj. pertaining to a 
dialect, or to logic. Also dialectical. 
lialectics ('iks), n.pl. the art of rea- 
soning. 

lialect ici an (-tish'an), n. a logician. 
tialing ('al-ing), n. the art of con- 
structing dials. 



dialogue ('a-log), n. a conversation 
between two or more persons; a 
literary composition in which per- 
sons are represented as reasoning 
on, or discussing, a subject. 

dialysis (-al'i-sis), n. the breaking 
up, or division, of one syllable into 
two; in Latin grammar, the change 
of j and v into i and u ; the separa- 
tion of different substances in solu- 
tion by diffusion through a moist 
membrane or septum. 

diameter (di-am'e-ter), n. the length 
of a line passing through the center 
of any object from one side to the 
other; the distance through the 
lower part of the shaft of a column. 

diametrical (-a-met'ri-kal), adj. per- 
taining to a diameter; directly ad- 
verse or opposite. 

diamond (di'a-mund), n. a gem of 
extreme hardness and . refractive 
power: a rhomboidal figure; a play- 
ing card with one or more lozenge- 
shaped figures; a glass cutter's tool; 
the smallest kind of type generally 
used (see type): adj. resembling a 
diamond. 

diapason (-a-pa'zon), n. the entire 
compass of a voice or instrument ; a 
recognized musical standard of pitch; 
the foundation stops of an organ. 

diaper ('a-per), n. linen cloth woven 
in geometric patterns; a napkin; 
surface decoration of one or more 
simple, figures repeated: v.t. to varie- 
gate or embroider; work in diaper. 

diaphane (-af'a-ne), n. the art of 
imitating stained glass by trans- 
parencies on plain glass. 

diaphanous (-af'a-nus), adj. trans- 
parent. 

diaphoretic (-fo-ret'ik), adj. pro- 
ducing perspiration: n. a sudorific 
medicine. 

diaphragm ('a-fram), n. the mid- 
riff, which divides the chest from 
the abdomen ; any substance that in- 
tercepts or divides. 

diaphylactic (-fi-lak'tik), n. a pre- 
ventive against disease. 



ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DIARIST 230 DIDODECAHEDRAL 

diarist ('a-rist), n. one who keeps a dicrotic (di-krot'ik), adj. having a 
diary. double or secondary pulse-beat. 

diarrhoea (dl-a-re'a), n. a morbidly dictate (dik'tat), v.t. declare with 
persistent purging or looseness of authority; express orally so that 
the bowels. another may take words down in 

diary ('a-ri), n. [pi. diaries (-riz) ], writing: v.i. to speak with final au- 
a register of daily occurrences or thority; prescribe: n. an injunction; 
duties; a book for daily memoranda. command; a controlling principle. 

diascope ('as-kop), n. machine for dictation (-ta/shun), n. the act of 
showing motion pictures in daylight. dictating; the thing dictated; au- 

diastase ('a-stas), n. a soluble nitrog- thoritative utterance. 

enous ferment formed in germinat- dictator ('ter), n. one who dictates; 
ing grain and animal fluids. one invested with absolute powers of 

diastole (-as'to-le), n. the rhythmical government; an ancient Roman 
expansion and dilatation of the magistrate^ with supreme authority, 
heart and arteries in beating; the appointed in times of emergency, 
lengthening of a syllable naturally dictatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
short. to a dictator; absolute; imperious. 

diastyle ('a-stil), n. an arrangement diction (dik'shun), n. manner of 
of columns in which the interspace speaking or expression; choice of 
between each measures 3 or 4 diam- words; style, 
eters of the shaft. dictograph (dic'to-graf), n. an adap- 

diatonic (-a-ton'ik), adj. designating tation of the interior telephone, 
the regular tones of a key or scale. much used by detectives. 

diatribe ('a-trib), n. a continued dis- dictionary (-a-ri), n. [pi. diction- 
course or disputation; a strain of aries (-riz) ], a book containing all, 
violent abuse; bitter criticism. or the principal, words in a lan- 

dibber (dib'er), n. an instrument guage, arranged alphabetically, with 
with a sharp steel point: used by their meanings, derivations, &c; a 
gardeners, miners, &c. lexicon; vocabulary; wordbook. 

dibble (dib'l), n. a gardening tool dictum ('turn), n. [pi. dicta ('ta) ], a 
for making holes in the earth: v.t. dogmatic or authoritative assertion; 
plant with a dibble: v.i. dip bait aphorism, 
gently into the water. didactic (di-dak'tik), adj. teaching; 

dice (dis), n.pl. small cubes marked instructing; explanatory. Also di- 
on the sides with one to six spots: dactical. 

used in games of chance: v.i. to didactics ('tiks), n.pl. the art of 
play with dice: v.t. to decorate with teaching. 

woven patterns to resemble cubes; didactyl (-dak'til), adj. having two 
cut into cubes. digits, as fingers or toes: n. an ani- 

dichromism (-mizm), n. color blind- mal ^a onl y two toes on each foot - 
ness characterized by inability to see diddle (did'l), v.t. to overreach or 
more than one of the three primary cheat: v.i. to totter like a child; 
colors. trifle. 

dicky (dik'i), n. [pi. dickies ('iz) ] didecahedral (di-dek-a-he'dral), adj. 
a small separate shirt front; a seat having the form of a ten-sided prism 
at the back of a coach; a child's bib wi tn a five-sided base, 
or pinafore; a donkey. dido (di'do), n. a caper. 

dicotyledon (drtio-ty-le-don), n. a didodecahedral (-do-dek-a-he'dr&l), 
plant which has two cotyledons with adj. having the form of a prism with 
two stems. 12 sides and a 6-sided base. 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DIDYMOUS 



231 



DIGEST 



didymous (did'i-mus), adj. growing 
in pairs; paireci or double. 

dielectric (dl-e-lek'trik), adj. non- 
conducting: n. any medium, as glass, 
&c, that transmits electric force by 
induction. 

dieresis (-er'e-sis), n. a sign (•■) 
placed over the second of two sepa- 
rate vowels to show that each has a 
separate sound in pronunciation, as 
aerated; a division in a line or 
verse; cell-division. Also diaeresis. 

Diesel engine (de'sel-en'gin), n. an 
internal combustion engine that 
uses crude oil injected under high 
pressure. 

diesis (dl'e-sis), n. the double dagger 
{%) used in printing; the difference 
between a greater and less semitone. 

diet (di'et), n. solid or liquid food; 
manner of living, with special refer- 
ence to food; a deliberative conven- 
tion; a national or legislative assem- 
bly. 

dietary (dl'e-ta-ri), adj. pertaining 
to the rules of diet: n.pl. dietaries 
(-riz) ], a certain fixed allowance of 
food; system of diet. 

dietetic (di-e-tet-ik), adj. regulating 
food or diet. Also dieterical: n.pl. 
that branch of hygiene which relates 
to rules of diet. 

difference ('er-ens), n. the act or 
state of being unlike; disparity; 
distinction; controversy; quarrel; 
on the Stock Exchange, the margin 
payable on settlement: v.t. to distin- 
guish between; discriminate; take 
the difference of. 

different ('er-ent), adj. unlike; dis- 
tinct. 

differentia (-en'shi-a), n. [pi. dif- 
ferentiae (-e) ], that which distin- 
guishes one species from another of 
the same genus. 

differential ('shal), adj. indicating 
a difference; having different veloci- 
ties. 

differential calculus (kal'ku-lus), 
n. the method of finding an infinite- 
ly small quantity which shall equal 



a given quantity when taken in- 
finite times. 

differential duties (du'tiz), n.pl. 
duties levied unequally on similar 
produce from foreign countries. 

differentiate (-en / shi 7 at), v.t. to con- 
stitute a difference between; spe- 
cialize in structure or functions: 
v.i. to acquire a distinctive and sepa- 
rate character. 

differentiation (-a'shun), n. the act 
of differentiating; specialization. 

difficult ('i-kult), adj. not easy; 
arduous; perplexing; not easily 
managed. 

difficulty (-kul-ti), n. [pi. difficulties 
(-tiz) ], something that requires la- 
bor or skill to overcome; scruple; 
objection; controversy: pi. compli- 
cation of affairs; embarrassment; 
perplexity. 

diffidence ('i-dens), n. lack of self- 
reliance; modest reserve. 

diffident ('i-dent), adj. lacking self- 
reliance; shy; modest. 

diffraction (dif-rak' or di-frak'shun), 
n. the act of turning aside a ray of 
light when passing the edge of an 
opaque body. 

diffractive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
diffraction. 

diffuse (dif-uz'), v.t. to pour out and 
spread all around; scatter; circu- 
late: adj. (dif-us) widely spread; 
verbose; redundant. 

diffusible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing diffused.. 

diffusion (dif-ii'zhun), n. the act of 
diffusing; a spreading abroad; the 
passing by osmosis through animal 
membranes. 

diffusive (-us'iv), adj. capable of dif- 
fusing; spreading every way ; widely 
reaching. 

digamma (dl-gam'a), n. one of the 
letters of the early alphabet of the 
Greeks, with a sound between the 
English V and W. 

digest (dl'jest), n. any compilation, 
abridgment, or summary of laws ar- 
ranged methodically under proper 
heads, or titles: the Pandects of the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DIGESTER 232 DILEMMA 

Emperor Justinian; a synopsis: v.t. dignity or honor; # an ecclesiastic who 

(di-jesf), to arrange methodically un- holds rank above a priest or canon, 

der proper heads or titles; classify; dignity ('ni-ti), n. [pi. dignities (-tiz)J, 

dissolve in the stomach by the action elevation of rank ; degree of excel- 

of digestive juices; think over and lence; moral worth; qualities suited 

arrange in tfye mind ; soften and pre- to inspire or command respect and 

pare by heat: v.i. to be digested, or reverence, 

prepared by heat. digraph (di'graf), n. combination of 

digester ('er), n. an apparatus for two sounds or characters to repre- 

extracting the essence of a substance sent one simple sound, as read, 

by heat. Also digram. 

digestibility (-jes-ti-bil'i-ti), n. the digress (di- or dl-gres'), v.i. to turn 
quality of being digestible. aside; deviate from the main sub- 
digestible ('ti-bl), adj. capable of ject or line of argument; wander, 
being digested. digression (-gresh'un), n. the act of 

digestion (-jes'chun), n. the act of digressing; the angular distance of 

digesting; the conversion of food by the planets Mercury and Venus from 

the action of the gastric juices into the sun. 

soluble products; mental or physical digressive (-gres'iv), adj. character- 
assimilation, ized by digression. 

digestive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to dihedral (-he'dral), adj. having two 

digestion. plane faces or sides. 

digger (dig'er), n. one who digs. dike (dik), n. an embankment or cut- 
Digger, n. a name of a class of Cali- ting of earth, especially one thrown 
fornian Indians who subsist chiefly up as a protection against the sea, 
on roots. floods, &c; a mass of igneous intru- 

digging ('ing), n. the act of excavat- sive rock. Also dyke: v.t. to sur- 

ing: pi. a locality where mining op- round, protect, or inclose with a 

erations, especially for gold, are car- dike; drain by ditching, 

ried on; residence. dilapidate (di-lap'i-dat), v.t. to bring 

digit (dij'it), n. a finger or toe; a into partial ruin by neglect or mis- 
measure (%inch); l-12th of the di- use: v.i. to become dilapidated, 
ameterof the sun or moon; anyone dilapidation ('i-da/shun), n. a state 
of the Arabic numerals. of partial ruin, especially through 

digital ('i-tal), adj. pertaining to a neglect or misuse. 

digit. dilatation (-ta'shun), n. expansion. 

Digitalis (-i-ta'lis), n. a genus of tall dilate (.^t'), v.t. to enlarge or ex- 
plants, the ngworts,imcludmg the pand in all directions; distend: v.i. 
toxglove. to be extended or enlarged; speak 

digitate ( i-tat), adj. finger-shaped. f u n y and copiously. 

digitigrade ('i-ti-grad) , adj. walk- dii at0 r ( r er), n. one who, or that 

ing on the toes, as cats, dogs; &c. which) dilates; a surgical instrument 

dignified (dig'ni-fld), adj. invested, for opening or expanding an orifice, 

or marked, with dignity; noble; &c; a muscle that dilates the parts 

stately. on which it acts. 

dignify ('ni-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dig- dilatory (dil'a-to-ri), adj. causing, or 

mfied, p.pr. dignifying], to invest tending to cause, delay; slow; inac- 

with, or exalt in, dignity or rank; tive. 

confer honor upon; elevate; ennoble, dilemma (di- or dl-lem'a), n. an 

dignitary (-ta-ri), n. [pi. dignitaries awkward or vexatious situation; an 

(-riz)], one who holds a position of argument which presents an antag- 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DILETTANTE 



233 



DIPLOMACY 



onist with alternatives, each of which 
is fatal to his cause. 

dilettante (-e-tan'te), n. [pi. dilet- 
tanti (-ti)J, one who pursues the 
fine arts, literature, or science, only 
for amusement; an amateur: op- 
posed to connoisseur: adj. pertain- 
ing to dilettanti, or dilettantism. 

dilettantism ('tizm), n. the charac- 
teristics of dilettanti; amateurish 
pursuit of art, literature, &c. (used 
in a disparaging sense). 

diligence _('i-jens), n. careful atten- 
tion; assiduity; industry; a French 
stage-coach (de-la-zhans')- 

dill (dil), n. an herb belonging to the 
>arsley family, with an aromatic 
fruit. 

lute (di- or di-lut'), v.t. to thin or 
weaken by the admixture of another 
fluid, especially water: weaken: v.i. 
to become thinner. 
lution (-hi 'shun), n. the act of di- 
luting; a weak liquid. 
luvial (-lu'vi-al), adj. pertaining 
to, produced by, or resulting from, a 
deluge or flood. 

tension (di-men'shun), n. the size 
or measured extent of a body; cubic 
capacity; the literal factor of an 
algebraic product or term: pi. mag- 
nitude or importance. 

lensional (-al), pertaining to di- 
mension. 

tinish (di-min'ish), v.t. to make less ; 
reduce in bulk or amount; weaken; 
"mpair; detract from; reduce by a 
semitone: v.i. to lessen; dwindle. 

linuendo (dim-in-u-en'do), adv. 
a musical term meaning to gradually 
decrease in loudness. 

dnution _ (dim-i-nu'shun), n. the 
act of making less; reduction; les- 
sening. 

unutive (di-min'ti-tiv), adj. be- 
low the average size; little; con- 
tracted; narrow: n. a word formed 
from another to express the sense of 
'ittleness. 

imissory (dim'is-o-ri), adj. sending 
to the jurisdiction of another; giv- 
ing leave to depart. 



dimity ('i-ti), n. [pi. dimities (-tiz)J, 
a cotton cloth of thick texture with 
a ridged surface. 

dimorphism (di-mor'fizm), n. the 
quality of assuming, cristallizing, or 
existing in, two forms. 

dimorphous ('fus), adj. existing in 
two forms. Also dimorphic. 

dimple (dim'pl), n. a small depres- 
sion or hollow in the cheek or chin; 
ah indentation: v.i. to form dim- 
ples; sink in slight depressions: v.t. 
to mark with dimples. 

dimply ('pli), adj. full of, or marked 
with, dimples. Also dimpled. 

dingle (ding'gl), n. a narrow hollow 
between hills; the enclosed weather- 
porch of a house. 

dingy (din'ji), adj. dark-colored; dirty. 

dint (dint), n. a mark left by a blow 
or pressure; force or power (with 
of) : v.t. to make a mark on or in. 

diocesan (di-os'e-san, or dl'o-se-san), 
adj. of, or pertaining to, a diocese: 
n. a bishop. 

diocese ('o-ses), n. [pi. dioceses (-se- 
sez) J, a bishop's see; a bishopric. 

dioptric ('trik), adj. assisting vision 
by means of the refraction of light 
in viewing distant objects. Also 
dioptrical. 

diorama (-ra'mll), n. an exhibition 
of pictures on movable screens, 
viewed through a large opening in a 
darkened room. 

dioxide (-oks'id), n. an oxide con- 
sisting of 2 atoms of oxygen and 1 
atom of a metal. 

diphtheria (dif- or dip-the'ri-a), n. 
a contagious throat-disease charac- 
terized by the formation of a false 
membrane in the air-passages. Also 
diphtheritis. 

diphthong ('thong), n. the union of 
two vowel sounds pronounced in one 
syllable. 

diploma (di-plo'ma), n. a writing on 
parchment or paper under sign and 
seal, conferring some honor, author- 
ity, &c. 

diplomacy ( r ma-si), or -plom'a-si), n. 
[pi. diplomacies (-siz) ], the art of 



;, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DIPLOMAT 



234 



DISARMAMENT 



conducting negotiations between two 
states or nations^ or of transacting 
international business; skill in con- 
ducting negotiations. 

diplomat (dip'lo-mat), n. a diplo- 
matist. 

diplomatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to diplomacy; characterized by spe- 
cial tact in the management of affairs. 

diplomatic corps (kor), n. all the 
diplomatic officers accredited to one 
sovereign government by others. 

diplomatist ('ma-tist), n. one who 
is skilled in diplomacy. 

dipper (dip'er), n. one who, or that 
which, dips; a water-fowl. 

dipsomania (-so-ma/ni-a), n. a mor- 
bid and uncontrollable craving for 
alcoholic drinks. 

dipsomaniac ('ni-ak), n. one who 
suffers from dipsomania: adj. pert. 
to dipsomania. 

dipteral ('te-ral), adj. furnished with 
a double row of columns, as in tem- 
ples; dipterous. 

dipterous ('te-rus), adj. two- winged. 

dire (dir), adj. dreadful; mournful. 

direct _ (di-rekt'), adj. straight; not 
circuitous; open; plain; straightfor- 
ward; not- of collateral descent; not 
retrograde: v.t. to aim or drive in a 
straight line; guide or show; point 
out or determine with authority: v.i. 
to act as a guide. 

direction (-rek'shun), n. relative po- 
sition; a command; order; guidance; 
the address of a person on a package, 
&c. 

directly ('li), adv. in a direct or 
straight line; immediately; openly. 

director ('ter), n. one who directs 
or superintends; one appointed to 
transact the affairs of a company, 
&c; a spiritual guide or adviser; a 
surgical instrument. 

directorate ('to-rat), n. the office of 
a director; a body or board of direc- 
tors. 

directory ('to-ri), n. [pi. directories 
(-riz) ], a book containing the 
names, addresses, and occupations 
of the residents of a place; a body 



of directors; a book of ecclesiastical 
rules or directions for divine wor- 
ship: adj. guiding; commanding. 

direct primary (di-rekt 7 pri'ma-ri), 
n. method of . making nominations 
for political elective offices; the 
people vote for persons they favor 
for candidates, and winners in the 
primary become the nominees in a 
regular election. 

direful (dir 'fool), adj. dreadful; dismal. 

dirge (derj), n. a funeral hymn. 

dirigible (dir'i-ji-ble), adj. that may 
be guided or steered: as, a dirigible 
balloon. 

dirk (derk), n. a dagger. 

dirtily ('ti-li), adv. filthily; meanly. 

dis-, prefix, signifies separation, pri- 
vation or negation. 

disability (dis-a-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. dis- 
abilities (-tiz) ], lack of physical, 
intellectual, or social fitness; legal 
incapacity. 

disable (-a'bl), v.t. to deprive of 
power; disqualify; impoverish; in- 
capacitate. 

disabuse (-buz'), v.t. to clear from 
mistakes or false conceptions; set 
right. 

disaffect (-a-fekf), v.t. to fill with 
discontent; alienate the affections 
from; disturb the functions of. 

disaffection (-fek'shun), n. aliena- 
tion of affection; disloyalty; ill-will. 

disagreeable (-a'bl), adj. exciting 
repugnance or displeasure : n. > that 
which is displeasing or unsatisfac- 
tory. 

disappear (-a-per'), v.i. to pass 
away; vanish. 

disappearance ('ans), n. removal 
from sight. 

disappoint (-point'), v.t. to thwart 
or frustrate the hopes of; fail to 
keep an appointment with. 

disappointment ('ment), n. defeat 
or failure of expectation; state of 
depression caused by failure, &c. 

disarm (-arm'), v.t. to deprive of 
arms; reduce to a peace footing; 
render harmless; subdue. 

disarmament (-arm'a-ment), n. the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DISARRAY 235 DISCOUNT 

act of disarming; reduction to a disciplinable (dis'i-plin-a-bl), adj' 

peace footing. capable of instruction, or liable to 

disarray (-ra/), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- disciplinary punishment. 

arrayed, p.pr. disarraying], throw disciplinarian (-pli-na'ri-an) , adj. 

into disorder; rout: n. negligent or pertaining to discipline: n. one who 

insufficient dress; confusion. advocates, or enforces, strict dis- 

disaster (-as'ter), n. a sudden or un- cipline. 

expected misfortune; a serious acci- disciplinary ('i-plin-a-ri), adj. per- 

dent. taining to discipline. 

disastrous ('trus), adj. occasioning discipline ('i-plm), n. _ mental _ or 

loss or misfortune; unfortunate; ca- moral training; education; subjec- 

lamitous. tion to control; military regulation; 

disavow (dis-a-vow'), v.t. to deny; chastisement; an instrument of pun- 
to repudiate. ishment: v.t. to train to obedience 

disband (-band'), v.t. to dismiss from or efficiency; regulate; chastise, 
military service; break up: v.i. to disclaim (-klam'), v.t. to disown; re- 
be dismissed. pudiate. 

disbar (-bar'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- disclose (4d5z'), v.t. to uncover; re- 
barred, p.pr. disbarring], to deprive veal. 
a lawyer of his right to practice. disclosure ('ur), the act of revealing 

disburden (-ber'dn), v.t. to remove anything secret; discovery; uncov- 

a burden from; relieve of anything ering. 

annoying or oppressive: v.i. to ease discoid Ckoid), adj. disk-shaped, 

one's mind. discolor (-kul'er), v.t. to change from 

disburse (-bers'), v.t. to expend. the natural color; give a false corn- 
disc, another form of disk. plexion to; stain. 

discard (-kiird'), v.t. to cast off as discomfit (-kum'fit), v.t. to defeat; 

useless; dismiss from service; reject rout; frustrate; thwart, 

as useless: v.i. in card-playing, to discomfiture ('fi-tur), n. defeat; 

throw out cards not required. disappointment. 

discern (diz-ern'), v.t. to distinguish discommode (-kom-od'), v.t. to in- 

mentally, or with the eye; judge or convenience. 

decide between: v.i. to make distinc- discompose (-kom-poz'), v.t. disar- 

tion. range; vex; ruffle. 

discernible ('i-bl), adj. perceptible. disconcert (-kon-serf), v.t. to disturb 

discernment ('ment), n. acuteness the composure or self-possession of; 

in judgment; penetration; discrimi- frustrate. 

nation. ■ disconsolate ('so-lat), adj. hopeless; 

discharge (-cnarj), v.t. unload; dis- g^ 

embark; free from any burden, im- ,. ' - , n a j\ j- .. 
pediment, or obligation; exonerate dlsco ' d } kor V> n ' disagreement; a 
or acquit; free from restraint or confused noise; a combination of 
custody; let fly; explode; perform discordant sounds; disagreement in 
(a trust or duty): v.i. to send out colorm S or P arts « 
liquid matter: n. the act of dis- discordant ('ant), adj. at variance; 
charging; that which is discharged; inharmonious; jarring; incongruous, 
an explosion; a flowing or issuing discount (dis'kount), n. a sum de- 
out; dismission from office or em- ducted or allowed for prompt pay- 
ployment; liberation. ment of an account; a deduction 

disciple (di-sl'pl), n. one who re- made according to the current rate 

ceives the teaching of another; a of interest: v.i. (dis-kounf) to allow 

scholar; a follower. a discount on; advance money, 

ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




DISCOURAGE 



236 



DISHONOR 



deducting a certain rate per cent.; 
make a deduction from; anticipate. 

discourage (-kur'aj), v.t. to deprive 
or lessen the courage of; dishearten; 
deter. 

discourse (-kors'), n. speech or lan- 
guage; conversation; a treatise or 
dissertation; sermon: v.t. & v.i. to 
talk or converse; utter; communi- 
cate ideas orally. 

discover (dis-kuv'er), v.t. to bring to 
light; reveal; find (something pre- 
viously unknown). 

discovery (-i), n. [pi. discoveries 
(-iz) ], a bringing to light or making 
known, especially for the first time; 
disclosure. 

discreet (-kref), adj. prudent; cir- 
• cumspect. 

discrepancy (-krep'an-si), n. inconsist- 
ency; difference. Also discrepance. 

discrepant ('ant), adj. disagreeing; 
different. 

discrete (-kref), adj. separate from 
others; distinct; not continuous. 

discretion (-kresh'un), n. prudence; 
Judgment; sagacity; skill. 

discriminate (-krim'i-nat), v.t. to 
observe or mark the differences be- 
tween; seiect: v.i. to make a differ- 
ence or distinction. 

discrimination (-i-na/shun), n. pow- 
er of penetration; faculty of nice 
discernment. 

discriminative ('i-na-tiv), adj. char- 
acteristic. 

discriminator ('-na-ter), n. one who 
discriminates. 

discursive (-ker'siv), adj. desultory. 

discuss (dis-kus'), v.t. to debate; agi- 
tate; reason upon; test (viands). 

discussion (-kush'un), n. argument; 
^ debate; ventilation of a question. 

disdain (-dan'), v.t. to think unwor- 
thy; deem unsuitable; look upon 
with contempt or scorn: n. con- 
tempt; haughty, or indignant scorn. 

disdainful ('fool), adj. contemptuous. 

disease (di-zez'), n. any mental, 
moral, or physical disorder; mal- 
ady; illness: v.t. to cause disease in; 
derange. 



disembogue (dis-em-b5g'), v.t. to 
pour out or discharge at the mouth, 
said of a river: v.i. to find a vent: 
pass across, or out, at the mouth of 
a river. 

disembowel (-bou'el), v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. disemboweled, p.pr. disembowel- 
ing!, to deprive of bowels; wound in 
the abdomen, so that the bowels 
protrude. 

disfiguration (-fig-u-ra'shun), n. de- 
formity. 

disfranchise (-fran'chiz), v.t. to de- 
prive of electoral or municipal priv- 
ileges, especially _ to withdraw the 
power of voting in elections. 

disgorge (-gorj'), v.t. to force out of 
the mouth or stomach with violence; 
surrender what has been unlawfully 
obtained; make restitution of. 

disgrace (-gras'), n. the state of be- 
ing out of favor; ignominy; shame; 
dishonor: v.t. to bring shame, re- 
proval, or dishonor upon; dismiss 
with dishonor. 

disgraceful ('fool), adj. character- 
ized by, or occasioning, disgrace. 

disguise (-giz'), v.t. to change the 
appearance of, as by an unusual 
dress; counterfeit; conceal: n. a 
dress designed to conceal the iden- 
tity of the wearer; counterfeit ap- 
pearance; false pretense. 

disgust (-gust'), v.t. to cause aver- 
sion in, or repugnance to; offend the 
moral sense of: n. strong aversion 
or repugnance. 

dishabille (dis-a-bil'), n. undress or 
negligent attire. Also deshabille. 

dishearten (-har'tn), v.t. to discour- 
age. 

dishevel (-shev'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
disheveled, p.pr. disheveling], to dis- 
order (the hair) or cause it to hang 
negligently: v.i. to be spread in dis- 
order. 

dishonor (-on'er), v.t. to deprive of 
honor; bring shame upon the char- 
acter of; lessen the reputation of; 
violate the chastity of; refuse, or fail, 
to pay (a bill or note when due and 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DISINFECT 



237 



DISPENSATION 



presented): n. disgrace; ignominy; 
shame; violation of dignity. 

disinfect (dis-in-fekf), v.t. to destroy 
or remove disease-producing germs. 

disingenuous (dis-in-jen'u-us), adj. 
wanting in sincerity or frankness. 

disintegrate (-in'te-grat), v.t. to 
break up into component parts by 
mechanical or atmospheric agency: 
v.i. separate. 

disintegration (-gra'shun), n. the 
act of disintegrating; wearing down 
of rocks by atmospheric influences; 
separation. 

disjunctive (-jungk'tiv), adj. serv- 
ing, or tending to, disjoin or sepa- 
rate: n. a disjunctive conjunction 
which connects grammatically two 
words or clauses disjoined in mean- 

disk (disk), n. an ancient quoit; a 
flat circular plate, or anything re- 
sembling it; the whole surface of a 
leaf. Also disc. 

disk-plow (disk'plou), n. a plow the 
action of which depends upon re- 
volving disks instead of ordinary 
plowshares. 

dislocate ('lo-kat), v.t. to put out of 
joint; interrupt the continuity of. 

dislodge (-loj'), v.t. to remove or 
drive out from a place of lodgment; 
drive from a hiding-place or chosen 
station. 

disloyal (dis-loi'al), adj. untrue to 
one's obligations or duties. 

dismal (diz'mal), adj. gloomy; de- 
pressing; dark; horrid; sorrowful. 

dismantle (dis-mant'l), v.t. to strip 
or divest of furniture, equipment, or 
means of defense; raze; demolish. 

dismay (-ma'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
mayed, p.pr. dismaying], to terrify; 
dispirit; discourage; intimidate: n. 
loss of courage through fear; a con- 
dition of terror. 

dismember (-mem'ber), v.t. to cut 
or tear limb from limb; sever into 
parts and distribute; dislocate; sev- 
er; divide. 

dismiss (-mis') v.t. to send away; per- 



mit to depart; discharge from office 
or employment; efface from memory. 

dismissal ('al), n. the act of dis- 
missing; removal from office, &c. 

dismount (dis-mounf), v.i. to get 
down; to alight: v.t. to take down. 

disobedience (dis-o-be'di-ens), n. re- 
fusal to obey authority. 

disorder (-or'der), n. want of order 
or arrangement; lack of system; ir- 
regularity; breach of public order; 
riot; mental or physical disease: v.t. 
to throw into confusion; disturb the 
regular mental or physical functions; 
derange; ruffle. 

disorganize (dis-or'gan-iz), v-.t. to 
disarrange; to throw into confusion. 

disown (dis-on'), v.t. to deny relation- 
ship; to cast off. 

disparage (-par'aj), v.t. treat with 
contempt; criticise unjustly; depre- 
ciate; belittle. 

disparagement (-ment), n. the act 
of disparaging; depreciation; re- 
proach; disgrace (often with to). 

disparity (-par'i-ti), n. [pi. disparities 
(tiz) ], inequality of rank, station, 
degree, or excellence; disproportion. 

dispart (-part'), n. the difference be- 
tween the thickness of the muzzle of 
a piece of ordnance and its breech. 

dispassionate (-pash'un-at), adj. free 
from passion; calm; unprejudiced; 
impartial. 

dispatch, same as despatch. 

dispel (dis-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
pelled, p.pr. dispelling], to drive 
away by, or as by, scattering; dis- 
perse; dissipate. 

dispensable (-pen'sa-bl) , adj. that 
\ior which a dispensation may be 
granted. 

dispensary ('sa-ri), n. [pi. dispen- 
saries (-riz) ], a place where med- 
icines are kept and made up; a 
charitable institution for providing 
the poor with medical advice and 
medicines. 

dispensation (-sa'shun), n. the act 
of dispensing; distribution; that 
which is appointed or bestowed by a 
higher power; the particular way by 



ate, arm, 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DISPENSE 



238 



DISSENTING 



which, at different periods, God has 
made known His dealings with man- 
kind; the suspending of a rule or 
law in some particular case; a li- 
cense granted from the Pope, or by 
a bishop. 

dispense (dis-pens'), v.t. to deal out 
in portions; distribute; give forth 
effusively; excuse: v.i. to give dis- 
pensation; distribute medicines. 

dispermous (di-sper'mus), adj. two- 
seeded. 

disperse (dis-pers'), v.t. to scatter 
in different directions or parts; dif- 
fuse; spread; cause to vanish: v.i' 
to separate; go to different parts; 
vanish out of sight. 

dispersion (-per 'shun), n. the act of 
dispersing; the separation of light 
into different coV .ed rays in passing 
through a prism. 

dispirit (-pir'it), v.t. to depress the 
spirits of; dishearten; render cheer- 
less. 

displacement ('ment), n. the act of 
displacing; substitution; apparent 
change of position; the weight of 
water displaced by a solid body im- 
mersed in it. 

display (-pla/), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
played, p.vr. displaying], to spread 
out; unfold; exhibit; force into no- 
tice; manifest mentally or physical- 
ly: v.i. to make a display. 

displeasure (dis-plezh'ur), n. annoy- 
ance; vexation; distaste; pique. 

disport (-port'), v.t. to amuse or di- 
vert (with self); to display gaily; 
v.i. to play. 

disposable (-poz'a-bl), adj. free to 
be employed; subject to disposal. 

disposal ('al), n. arrangement; order; 
control; right of bestowing. 

dispose (-poz'), v.t. to place, arrange; 
order; distribute; adapt; incline. 

disposition (-izh-un), n. the act of 
disposing; order; method; arrange- 
ment; tendency; natural tempera- 
ment. 

disputable ('pu-ta-bl), adj. liable to 
be disputed; called in question. 



disputation (-ta/shun), n. a verbal 
controversy; an altercation. 

disputatious ('shus), adj. conten- 
tious. 

dispute (dis-put'), v.i. to debate; 
argue: v.t. contend for by words or 
actions; express doubt of; contro- 
vert: n. a controversy; altercation; 
quarrel; contest. 

disquisition (-kwi-zish'un), n. a sys- 
tematic investigation or discussion 
of some subject; an elaborate essay. 

disrate ^ (-rat), v.t. to degrade or 
1 ower in rank, as a petty officer. 

disruption (-rup'shun), n. forcible 
separation; breach. 

dissatisfaction (-sat-is-fak'shun), n. 
state of being discontented; dis- 
pleasure. 

dissatisfy ('is-fi), v.t. to render dis- 
contented; to displease. 

dissect (-sekf) v.t. to cut in pieces; 
anatomize; divide and examine mi- 
nutely. 

dissection (-sek'shun), n. the act of 
dissecting for critical examination. 

disseize (-seV), v.t. to deprive of 
seizin or possession; dispossess un- 
lawfully. 

disseizin ('in), n. the act of unlaw- 
fully dispossessing a person of an 
estate. 

dissemble (-sem'bl), v.t. to hide un- 
der a false appearance; give the 
semblance of something else to. 

disseminate (-sem'i-nat), v.t. to 
scatter abroad, like seed; propagate; 
diffuse. 

disseminator ('ter), n. one who,' or 
that which, disseminates. 

dissension (dis-sen'shun), n. strife; 
disagreement; breach of union. 

dissent (-sent'), v.i. to disagree in 
opinion (with from); refuse adher- 
ence to an Established Church : n. 
difference of opinion; refusal to ac- 
knowledge or conform to an Estab- 
lished Church. 

dissentient ('shent), adj. dissenting: 
n. one who disagrees. 

dissenting (-sent'ing), p.adj. per- 
taining to, or characterized by, dis- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DISSERTATION 



239 



DISTINCT 



sent; separating from an Established 
Church; pertaining to dissenters. 

dissertation (-er-ta/shun), n. a formal 
argumentative discourse; treatise. 

disservice (dis-ser'vis), n. injurious 
help. 

dissever (-sev'er), v.t. to cut in two; 
disjoin; divide; separate. 

dissidence ('i-dens), ■ n. disagree- 
ment. 

dissident ('i-dent), adj. not agree- 
ing, or conforming: n. one who dis- 
agrees, or dissents. 

dissilient (-siTi-ent), adj. springing 
asunder, or bursting open with force. 

dissimulate (-sim'u-lat), v.i. & v.t. 
to dissemble; feign; disguise. 

dissipate ('i-pat), v.t. to scatter com- 
pletely; drive in different directions; 
squander: v.i. to engage in dissipa- 
tion. 

dissipated (-ed), p. adj. scattered; 
dispersed; characterized by dissipa- 
tion. 

dissipation (-pa/shun), n. the act or 
state of being dissipated ; mental dis- 
traction; excessive indulgence in 
luxury, especially drink or vicious 
pleasures. 

dissociate (-so'shi-at), v.t. to sepa- 
rate. 

dissolubility (-sol-u-bil 'i-ti ) , n. the 
capacity of being dissolved. 

dissoluble ('ol-u-bl), adj. capable of 
being dissolved or converted into a 
fluid. 

dissolute ('o-lut), adj. given to vice 
or dissipation; loose in morals or 
conduct. 

dissolution (-lti'shun), n. the act of 
dissolving or liquefying; separation 
of component parts; separation of 
the soul from the body; death; a 
breaking up of a union of persons, 

!as a society, &c. 
dissolutionism (-izm), n. the social 
theory of anarchism or nihilism. 
S dissolvable (diz-'ol'vfi-bl), adj. that 
may be dissolved. Also dissolvible. 
dissolve (-olv'), v.t. to liquefy; melt; 
terminate; annul: v.i. to become 
liquefied; waste away; separate. 



dissonance ('o-nans), n. discord. 

dissonant (-nant), adj. discordant 

dissuade (-wad'), v.t. to advise or 
counsel against; divert by argument 
or persuasion. 

dissuasion (-swa/zhun), n. the act of 
dissuading; advice or persuasion 
against a purpose or action. 

dissyllable (-sil'a-bl), n. a word of 
two syllables. 

distaff (dis'taf), n. [pi. distaffs 
('tafs)], the staff from which flax 
is drawn in spinning. 

distance ('tans), n. the space or in- 
terval between two objects or 
points; remoteness of time, rank, re- 
lationship or place; interval be- 
tween two notes; reserve of man- 
ner; alienation: v.t. to place re- 
motely; leave behind in a race. 

distaste (-tast), n. aversion of the 
palate; dislike; disinclination. 

distemper (-tern 'per), v.t. to disor- 
der or disease; derange the func- 
tions of ; compound (colors) for use 
in distemper painting: n. a disease; 
a catarrhal disease affecting young 
dogs; a method of painting in spe- 
cially prepared opaque colors mixed 
with a binding medium soluble in 
water: used for mural decoration, 
&c. 

distend (-tend'), v.t. to stretch out 
in all directions; expand: v.i. to 
swell. 

distention (-ten'shun), n. a swelling 
out. 

distich ('tik), n. a couplet. 

distil (-til'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
tilled, p.pr. distilling], to fall in 
drops; flow gently; trickle forth; 
practice the art of distillation: v.t. 
to let fall in drops; obtain by dis- 
tillation; rectify. 

distillate ('at), n. the product of 
distillation found in the receiver of 
a distilling apparatus. 

distillation (-a'shun), n. the process 
of distilling; the substance drawn 
by the still. 

distinct (-tingkt'), adj. separate ; dif- 
ferent; clear; plain; unconfused. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DISTINCTION 



240 



DIVERSIFY 



distinction (-tingk'shun), n. mark 
of difference or superiority; emi- 
nence of rank or conduct; fame; 
discrimination. 

distingue (dis-stan-ga/), adj. distin- 
guished. 

distinguish (-ting'gwish), v.t. to 
separate from others by some mark 
of honor or preference; designate 
by special characteristics; discrim- 
inate; make known: v.i. to make a 
distinction (with between). 

distinguished ('gwisht), p.adj. emi- 
nent; celebrated; conspicuous; noted. 

distort (-tort'), v.t. to twist or turn 
from the natural shape or figure; 
twist; pervert from the true mean- 
ing; misrepresent. 

distortion (-tor 'shun), n. the act of 
distorting; perversion; a deformity. 

distract (-trakf), v.t. to perplex; 
harass; confuse the mind; bewilder; 
derange. 

distractile ('il), adj. widely separated. 

distraction (-trak'shun), n. per- 
plexity; embarrassment; perturba- 
tion or mental distress; insanity. 

distractive ('tiv), adj. causing dis- 
traction. 

distrain (-tran), v.t. to seize and 
hold (goods or chattels) as security 
for payment of a debt: v.i. to levy 
a distress. 

distraint (-tranf), n. the act of dis- 
training for debt. 

distrait (dis-tra'), adj. absent-minded. 

distraught (dis-trawf), adj. bewil- 
dered or harassed. 

distress (dis-tres'), v.t. to inflict pain 
or suffering upon; grieve; harass; 
perplex; in law, to seize for debt: n. 
physical or mental anguish; the act 
of distraining; goods taken in dis- 
traint. 

distribute (-trib'ut), v.t. to deal out 
or divide; allot; apportion; arrange 
according to classification; dispose 
of separately; separate and return 
(as types) to their respective cases. 

distribution (-tri-bu'shun), n. the 
act of distributing; apportionment; 
arrangement; classification. 



distributive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
distribution: n. a distributive word. 

district ('trikt), n. a territorial di- 
vision; circuit; region or tract of 
country. 

distrust (-trust'), n. want of confi- 
dence, faith, or reliance; suspicion; 
discredit: v.t. to have no confidence 
or trust in; doubt; suspect. 

disturb (-terb), v.t. to trouble; vex; 
throw into confusion; agitate; dis- 
place. 

disturbance ('ans), n. the interrup- 
tion of a settled state; uproar; men- 
tal agitation. 

distyle ('til), n. a two-columned por- 
tico. 

ditto ('to), n. that which has been 
said; a duplicate: adv. as before; 
likewise. 

ditty ('i), n. [pi. ditties ('iz)j, a lit- 
tle song. 

diuretic (di-u-ret'ik), adj. promoting 
the secretion and flow of urine. 

diurnal (er'nal), adj. pertaining to a 
day; daily; performed in 24 hours; 
active during the day-time : n. a day- 
book; journal. 

diva (de'va), n. a prima donna. 

divan (di-van'), n. a court of jus- 
tice; a council of state in Turkey; 
a council-hall; a smoking-room; 
cafe; couch. 

dive (div), n. a low resort frequented 
by persons of dissolute character. 

diverge (dl-verj'), v.i. to spread out 
from one point; recede from. 

divergence (-ver'jens), n. a receding 
from each other; a tending apart. • 

divergent ('jent), adj. tending to di- 
verge. • 

divers (di'verz), adj. various; sun- 
dry. 

diverse ('vers, or di-verz'), adj. es- 
sentially different; dissimilar; sep- 
arate. 

diversification (-i-fi-ka/shun), 11. vari- 
ation. 

diversify (di-ver'si-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
diversified, p.pr. diversifying], to 
make different from another; give 
variety to; discriminate; variegate. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DIVERSION 



241 



DOCK 



diversion ('shun), n. variation; al- 
teration; pastime; the act of di- 
verting the attention of an enemy 
from the real point of attack. 

divert (di- or di-vert'), v.t. to turn 
aside from any direction or course; 
draw away from ; entertain; amuse. 

divertimento (di-vert-i-men'to), n. 
a light pleasant vocal or instru- 
mental composition. 

divertissement ('tiz-mang), n. 
amusement; recreation; an entr'- 
acte, as a ballet, &c. 

divest (di-vesf), v.t. to strip or de- 
prive of anything; despoil; make 
bare. 

divestiture ('i-tur), n. surrender of 
property. 

divide (di-vld'), v.t. to cut into two 
or more parts; separate; keep apart; 
disunite by discord; distribute: v.i. 
to be separated; cleave; diverge; 
have a share; vote by division: 
n. a watershed. 

divided skirt ('ed skert), n. a skirt 
made so as to combine both skirt 
and knickerbockers. 

dividend (div'i-dend), n. a share of 
the profits of a public company or 
business; a sum paid pro rata out 
of a bankrupt's estate; interest pay- 
able on money invested in the pub- 
lic funds; a number or quantity to 
be divided. 

divination (-i-na/shun), n. the act 
v of divining; the pretended art of 
foreseeing future events by super- 
natural or magical agency. 

divine (di-vin'), adj. partaking of the 
nature of God; excellent in the 
highest degree; godlike; sacred; 
holy; pertaining to theology: n. a 
theologian; clergymen: v.t. to fore- 
tell by, or as by, divination; pre- 
sage: v.i. to conjecture; guess. 

diving-bell (-bel), n. a hollow ap- 
paratus supplied with air, used for 
various purposes below the surface 
of the water. 

divining-rod (-rod), n. a forked rod 
or branch, as of witch-hazel, which, 
when held loosely in the hand, is 



said to be drawn down to the ground 
where water or minerals are situ- 
ated. 

divinity (di-vin'i-ti), n. [pi. divini- 
ties (-tiz)], the state or quality of 
being divine; Godhead; a pagan or 
heathen deity; theology. 

divisibility (-viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being divisible. 

divisible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing divided; capable of division with- 
out a remainder. 

division (-vizh'un), n. the act or 
state of being divided; separation; 
a partition; section; discord; dif- 
ference; the separating of the mem- 
bers of a legislative or municipal 
assembly in order to take a vote; 
two or more brigades under the com- 
mand of a general officer; a section 
of a fleet under one commander; the 
process of finding how many times 
one number or quantity is contained 
in another. 

divisor (di-vi'zor), n. the number by 
which another (the dividend) is 
divided. 

divorce (-vors'), n. a dissolution of 
the marriage contract by legal au- 
thority; disunion: v.t. to dissolve 
the marriage contract between by. 
legal authority; release from close 
union. 

divorcement ('ment), n. the act or 
process of divorcing (Deut. xxiv. 1). 

divulge (di-vulj'), v.t. to make known, 
as something previously kept secret; 
disclose. 

dizen (dl'zn), v.t. to deck out; dress. 

dizziness ('i-nes), n. giddiness. 

dizzy (diz'i), adj. giddy. 

docile (do'sil or dos'il), adj. easy to 
teach; tractable; easily managed. 

docility (do-sil'i-ti), n. the quality 
of being docile. 

dock (dok), n. a place for construct- 
ing and laying up ships; the place 
where a prisoner stands m a court 
to be tried; a coarse weed with 
broad leaves; the tail of a horse 
after it has been docked; v.t. to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; 






me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



boon, 



DOCKAGE 



242 



DOG-STAR 



cut off or curtail; deduct from; di- dodo (do'do), n. [pi. dodos ('doz) ], 
mm ish. a large extinct bird with a short 

dockage ('aj), n. reduction; provi- neck, a large hooked bill, short 
sion or accommodation for the dock- wingsand legs. 

ing of vessels; money paid for the doe (do), n. the female of a buck or 
use of a dock. fallow deer, or of an antelope, rab- 

docket ('et), v.t. to mark the con- bit, or hare. 

tents or titles of papers on the back doeskin ('skin), n. the skin of a doe; 
of them; indorse: n. a directed label a fine, woolen cloth with a smooth 

finish. 
doff (dof), v.t. to take or put off, as 
clothes : v . i . remove the hat in saluting . 
dogcart ('kart), n. a light cart with 
two transverse seats back to back. 
dog-days ('daz), n. pi. a period in 
July and August when the dog star 
or Sirius rises and sets with the 
sun: usually the hottest part of the 
summer. 
Doge (doj), n. the title of the chief 
magistrates of the ancient republics 
of Venice and Genoa. 
dogged ('ed), adj. stubborn; perti- 
nacious. 
dogger ('er), n. a two-masted vessel 
with a broad beam; used in the cod 
and herring fisheries by the Dutch 
in the North Sea. 
doggerel (-el), n. a kind of verse 
devoid of sense or rhythm : adj. weak 
and absurd in construction: said of 
verse or poetry. 
dogma ('ma), n. [pi. dogmas ('maz) ], 
or dogmata ('ma-ta) ], an estab- 
lished principle, tenet, or doctrine; 
a doctrine stated in a formal man- 
ner and received by the Church as 
authoritative. 
dogmatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, dogma; posi- 
tive; authoritative; dogmatical: n. 
pi. doctrinal theology. 
dodecagon (do-dek'a-gon), n. a figure dogmatism (-tizm), n. dogmatic or 



or ticket tied on goods; a summary 
of a larger writing; a digest. 

dockyard ('yard), n. a place where 
ships are built and naval stores are 
kept. 

doctor ('ter), n. one skilled in any 
particular branch of knowledge; an 
academical degree _ denoting the 
highest proficiency in a faculty of 
a university; a learned man; a 
medical practitioner: v.t. to treat 
medically; tamper with or give a 
false appearance to: v.i. to practice 
medicine; undergo medical treat- 
ment. 

doctorate (-at), n. the degree of 
doctor. 

doctrinaire (-tri-nar'), n. one who 
theorizes on political or other mat- 
ters, disregarding practical consid- 
erations: adj. visionary. 

doctrine ('tr:n), n. that which is 
taught; the principles, belief, or 
dogma of any church, sect, or party. 

document ('u-ment), n. a printed or 
written paper relied upon to estab- 
lish some fact or assertion, or con- 
veying information. 

documentary (-men'ta-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, derived from, or consist- 
ing of, documents. 

dodder (dod'er), n. a parasitical 
plant. 



with twelve sides and twelve angles 
dodecahedron (-he'dron), n. a solid 

having twelve faces. 
dodge (doj), v.i. to start aside and 
shift about; evade by craft; avoid; 
practice tricky devices: v.t. to es- 
cape by starting aside: n. the act of 
dodging; a trick. 



positive assertion of opinion. 

dogmatize ('ma-tiz), v.i. to make 
dogmatic assertions; utter positive 
assertions without adducing proof: 
v.t. to treat dogmatically. 

dog-star (dog'-star), n. brightest of 
the stars; rises and sets with the 
sun in summer; called by astrono- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; 



me, merge, met; 
book; hue, hut; 



mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
think, then. 



DOG-TROT 



243 



DOMINICAL LETTER 



mers Canicula ('little dog"); best 
known as Sinus. 

dog- trot ('trot), n. a gentle trot. 

dog-watch ('woch), n. one of two 
watches on board ship of two hours 
each, between 4 and 8 p.m. 

dogwood ('wood), n. the wild cornel. 

doily (doi'li), n. [pi. doilies ('Hz)], 
a small mat or napkin; used on 
dessert plates, &c. 

doldrums ('drumz), n.pl. a sailor's 
term for the tropical zones of calms 
and variable winds; depression of 
spirits; the dumps. 

dole (dol), n. that which is dealt out 
sparingly; a charitable gift of mon- 
ey or food; alms: v.t. to deal out 
sparingly. 

dolerite (dol'er-it), n. a dark-col- 
ored bassic igneous rock; basaltic 
greenstone. 

dolesome (dol'sum), adj. melancholy. 

dollar (-'ar), n. monetary unit of the 
United States and some other coun- 
tries on a gold standard, equal to 100 
cents. 

dollar-diplomacy (dol'ar-di-plo'ma- 
si), n. diplomacy that aims more at 
commerce than amity. 

dolman ('man), n. a long outer gar- 
ment worn by the Turks ; a hussar's 
uniform jacket; a woman's sleeve- 
less mantle. 

dolmen ('men), n. a sepulchral mon- 
ument, consisting of a large unhewn 
stone resting on two or more un- 
hewn stones. 

dolomite ('o-mit), n. a crystalline 
variety of magnesian limestone. 

dolorific (-rif'ik), adj. causing grief. 

dolorous (dol'o-rus), adj. sorrowful. 

dolour (do'ler), n. sorrow; pain. 

dolphin (dol'fin), n. the name of a 
cetaceous mammal of the genus 
Delphinus and allied genera. 

dolt (dolt), n. a heavy stupid fellow. 

dom (dom), n. & title of respect ap- 
plied to gentlemen in Portugal and 
Brazil; in Portugal a title formerly 
of the king and royal family. 

domain (do-man'), n. lordship; au- 



thority; .empire; landed property; 
demesne. 

dome (dom), n. a hemispherical roof. 

domestic (do-mes'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the house or household af- 
fairs; private; home-made: n. a 
household servant: pi. ^ articles of 
home manufacture, especially cotton- 
cloths. 

domestic economy (e-kon'o-mi), n. 
the art of managing household af- 
fairs in the best and thriftiest man- 
ner. 

domesticate ('ti-kat), v.t. to make 
domestic; familiarize with domestic 
life; tame: v.i. to become domestic. 

domesticity (-tis'i-ti), n. [pi. domes- 
ticities (-tiz) ], the state of being 
domestic; domestic character. 

domicile (dom'i-sil), n. a permanent 
residence or place of abode; home: 
v.t. to establish in a fixed residence. 

domiciliary ('i-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to the residence of a person or fam- 
ily. 

dominant ('i-nant), adj. exercising 
chief authority; ruling; predomi- 
nant; ascending: n. the recitative 
note in Gregorian scales; the fifth 
tone of a musical scale in any as- 
cending key. 

dominant characters (dom'i-nant- 
kar'ak-ters), n. in Mendelian hered- 
ity, the characters that dominate in 
the first generation. See Men- 
delism. 

dominate ('i-nat), v.t.- to govern; 
rule; predominate over: v.i. to be 
dominant. 

domination (-na'shun), n. the act 
of dominating; absolute authority; 
• power. 

domineer (-i-ner'), v.i. to exercise 
authority arrogantly or tyrannical- 
ly; bluster. 

dominical (do-min'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to Christ as Lord, or to Sun- 
day: n. a dominical letter. 

dominical letter (let'er), n. one of 
the letters (A B C D E F G) used 
in the calendar of the Prayer Book 
to denote Sunday throughout the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



'jr 



DOMINIE 



244 



DOSAGE 



year, and to determine the date of 
Easter Day. 

dominie (dom'i-ne), n. a schoolmas- 
ter; a clergyman of the Dutch Re- 
formed Church. 

dominion (do-min'yun), n. supreme 
authority; sovereignty; independent 
right or possession; a territory or 
country subject to the control of one 
government. 

domino (dom'i-no), n. [pi. dominos 
(-noz) ], a large loose silk cape or 
cloak with large sleeves and a hood 
used as a masquerade garment; an 
ecclesiastical hood: pi. a game 
played with 28 oblong dotted pieces 
of bone or wood (dominoes). 

dom-pedro (-pe'dro), n. the name of 
the game of sancho-pedro when 
played with the joker. 

don (don), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. donned, 
p.pr. donning], to put on; invest 
with; assume: n. a Spanish title 
[Fern, dona]; a fellow or collegiate 
dignitary. 

donate (do'nat), v.t. to contribute, 
especially to some religious or phil- 
anthropic object. • 

donation (-na'shun), n. a charitable 
gift; benefaction; present. 

donative (don'a-tiv), adj. vested or 
vesting by donation: n. a gift. 

donator (do-na'ter), n. a giver. 

donee (do-ne'), n. a person to whom 
a gift or donation is made. 

dongola (don'go-la), n. a goatskin, 
or sheepskin tanned to resemble kid. 

doni (do'ni), n. a single-masted Cey- 
lonese coasting vessel with a long 
sail. 

donjon (don' or dun'jun), n. the 
principal tower or keep of a mediae- 
val castle, containing the prison, 
('kiz) ], an ass; a stupid or obsti- 
nate fellow. 

donna (don'na), n, a lady (Italian). 

donnish (don'ish), adj. pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, a don. 

donnism ('izm), n. academic self- 
importance. 

donor (do'ner), n. a giver.> 

doom (doom), n. a judicial sentence 



of condemnation; the infliction of 
a sentence; irrevocable destiny; 
fate; ruin; the Day of Judgment; 
v.t. to pronounce condemnation 
upon; sentence to punishment; -or- 
dain as a penalty. 

doomsday (doomz'da), n. the day of 
final and universal judgment. 

Doomsday Book (dtimz'da-buk) or 
Domesday Book (domz'da) a huge 
book kept by the early Norman 
monarchs of England, listing the 
estates for taxation or confiscation. 

dor (dor), n. a large black dung bee- 
tle with a characteristic droning 
sound in flight. 

Dorian (do'ri-an), adj. pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, Doris, a small 
district of ancient Greece: n. a 
member of the Doric or Dorian race, 
one of the four great divisions of the 
ancient Greeks. 

Doric (dor'ik), adj. Dorian: n. the 
broad hard dialect of the Dorians. 

Doric order (or'der), the oldest and 
simplest of the three orders of Greek 
architecture. 

Doricism .('i-sizm), n. a Doric idiom, 
phrase or peculiarity. 

dorking (dor'king), n. one of a breed 
of domestic fowls. 

dormancy ('man-si), n. quiescence 

dormant ('mant), adj. sleeping; 
quiet; in abeyance. 

dormer ('mer), n. a bedroom; a win 
dow pierced vertically in the side 
a roof. 

dormitory ('mi-to-ri), n. [pi. dormi- 
tories (-riz) ], a large apartment ca- 
pable of holding several beds. 

dormouse ('mous), n. [pi. dormice 
('mis) ], a small European squirrel- 
like rodent. 

dorsal ('sal), adj. pertaining to, or 
situated near, the back. 

dory (do'ri), n. [pi. dories ('riz) ], a 
popular name for a golden-colored 
fish much esteemed for the table; 
the wall-eyed pike-perch; John Dory; 
a small flat-bottomed skiff with a 
sharp prow. 

dosage ('saj), n. the operation of 



3d 

; 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DOTAGE 



245 



DRAB 



putting into sparkling wines some- 
thing to give them a distinctive 
taste. 

dotage (d5'taj), n. imbecility of 
mind; foolish or excessive affection. 

dotard ('tard), n. one whose intellect 
is impaired by age; one who is 
foolishly affectionate: adj. imbecile. 

dote (dot), v.i. to exhibit the weak- 
ness of age; bestow excessive love. 

dotterel ('er-el), n. a small plover. 

double-bass (-bas), n. the largest 
violin. 

double-dagger (-dag'er), n. a refer- 
ence mark (J). 

double entendre (doobl ang-tang'- 
dr), n. a word or phrase with a 
double meaning, one of which is 
usually indelicate. 

doubleness (dub'1-nes), n. the state 
of being double; duplicity. 

doublet (dub 'let), n. a duplicate; 
pair; a kind of close-fitting man's 
garment. 

doubloon ('loon), n. a Spanish gold 
coin. 

doubt (dout), v.i. to waver in opinion; 
hesitate; be in suspense: v.t. to 
suspect; distrust; question: n. un- 
certainty of mind; suspense; scruple; 
perplexity; apprehension; fear; dis- 
belief. 

doubtful ('fool), adj. of uncertain 
issue; questionable; hazardous; in-i 
secure. 

douche (doosh), n. a jet or current 
of water directed upon some part of 
the body. 

dough (do), n. a soft mass of mois- 
tened flour yet unbaked. 

doughboy, an infantryman. 

doughty (dou'ti), adj. valiant; strong. 

doughy (do'i), adj. soft like dough. 

Douma (doo'ma), n. the lower branch 
of the Russian National parliament. 

douse (dous), v.t. to plunge suddenly 
into a liquid; drench; extinguish; 
strike; slacken or lower suddenly, 
as sails: v.i. to fall suddenly into 
water; search for water or ores by 
a divining rod. 

dovecote ('kot), n. a small house or 



box with compartments for doves. 
Dovecot. 

dovetail ('tal), v.t. to join by a joint 
resembling a dove's tail spread out; 
fit closely and exactly. 

dowager (dou'a-jer), n. the widow 
of a king, prince, or person of rank; 
a widow with a jointure. 

dowdily ('di-li), adv. in a dowdy 
manner. 

dowdy ('di), n. [pi. dowdies ('diz) ], 
a slatternly woman who affects 
finery: adj. slovenly or ill-dressed; 
shabby. 

dowel (dou'el), n. a pin to connect 
two pieces of wood by being sunk 
in the edges of each; a piece of 
wood driven into a wall to secure 
something else: v.t. to fasten by 
dowels. 

dower ('er), n. that part of a hus- 
band's property which his widow 
enjoys during her life; jointure;; 
personal endowment. _ 

dowlas ('las), n. a kind of coarse 
linen cloth. 

downright ('rlt), adj. straight to the 
point; blunt; unceremonious: adv, 
perpendicularly; completely; thor- 
oughly. 

downward ('ward), adj. tending to 
the ground; moving from a higher 
to a lower place, grade, or direc- 
tion; descending: adv. from a higher 
to a lower condition, state, or place; 
from the source. Also downwards. 

downy ('i), adj. covered with, or 
made of, down; soft; restful; cun- 
ning; artful. 

dowry (dou'ri), n. [pi. dowries ('riz) ], 
the property a woman brings to her 
husband at marriage; gift or pos- 
session. 

doxology (doks-ol'o-ji), n. [pi. dox- 
ologies (-jiz) ], an ascription or 
short hymn of praise to God. 

doze (doz), v.i. to sleep lightly or fit- 
fully: n. a light sleep, or nap. 

drab (drab), n. a kind of thick dull 
brown or yellowish-gray woolen 
cloth; a tint of such a color: adj*. 
of a drab color. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, 2/ien. 



DRABBLE 



246 



DRAY 






drabble (f'), v.i. to make wet or 
dirty by dragging through mud or 
water: v.i. to fish with a long line 
and rod. 
drachma (drak'ma), n. [pi. drachma 
('me), drachmas ('maz) ], a Greek 
silver coin. Also drachm. 
draff (draf), n. refuse from malt 

breweries; hog's-wash; dregs. 
draft (draft), n. a sketch or outline; 
bill of exchange; an order for money 
detachment of soldiers; the act -of 
drawing a load; the state of being 
drawn; the act of drinking or £he 
amount drunk at once. 

draggle (drag'l), v.t. to wet or soil by 
dragging in the mud or along the 
ground: v.i. to become dirty or 'wet 
by dragging. 

dragoman (drag'o-man), n. [pi. 
dragomans (-manz) ], in the East- 
an interpreter, guide, or agent for 
travelers, especially an interpreter 
attached to an embassy, &c. 

dragon ('un), n. a fabulous animal 
represented as a winged serpent or 
lizard; a fierce person; a winged 
heraldic beast: adj. fierce; destruc- 
tive. 

dragon-fly (-fii), n. an insect with a 
long slendor abdomen, large eyes 
and wings. 

dragon's-blood (-z-blud), n. the red 
juice and gum of several South 
American and East Indian trees. 

dragoon (dra-goon'), n. originally a 
kind of mounted infantry, now cav- 
alry, either light or heavy, wearing 
helmets: v.t. to harass or reduce to 
submission by military force. 

drain (dran), v.t. to draw off gradu- 
ally; exhaust: v.i. to become dry: 
n. a channel or pipe or superfluous 
water; a sewer; the act of exhaust- 
ing. 

drainage ('aj), n. the. act or means 
of draining; that which is drained 
off. 

drake (drak), n. a male duck. 

dram (dram), n. l-8th of an ounce 
troy, and l-16th of an ounce avoir- 



dupois; a small quantity of spiritu- 
our liquor. 
drama (dra'ma), n. a prose or poeti- 
cal composition depicting a story of 
human life in character, &c, on the 
stage; theatrical entertainment; dra- 
matic literature or art. 
dramatic (dra-mat'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or appropriate to, the drama. 
Dramatical. 

dramatis personae (dram'a-tis per- 
so'ne), the characters in a play or 
drama. 

dramatize (dram'a-ti'z), v.t. to com- 
pose in the form of a drama ;adapt 
for stage representation. 

dramaturgy ('a-ter-ji), n. the .art 
of dramatic composition; represen- 
tation and stage effect. 

drape (drap), v.t. to cover with cloth; 
arrange in folds or hangings. 

draper (dra/per), n. a dealer in woolen 
or cotton cloth, &c. 

draperied (-id), adj. furnished or 
covered with drapery. 

drapery (-i), n. [pi. draperies (-iz) ], 
textile cloths or fabrics used for 
garments or hangings; costumes 
represented in sculpture or painting. 

drastic (dras,tik), adj. powerful; 
vigorous. 

draught (draft), n. Same as draft. 

draughts (drafts), n. the game of 
checkers. 

drawbridge ('brij), n. a bridge 
which may be wholly or partially 
lifted up. 

drawee (-e'), n. one on whom an 
order, bill of exchange, or a draft 
is drawn. 

drawing-room (-room), n. a room 
for the reception of company; a 
formal reception by the sovereign, 
or a distinguished official; the com- 
pany assembled in a drawing-room. 

drawl (drawl), v.t. to utter in a slow, 
lazy tone: n. a slow, lazy manner of 
speaking. 

drawn (drawn), p. adj. left undecided; 
disemboweled; contracted. 

dray (dra), n. a low, stoutly-built 
cart used for heavy loads. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 



book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DREAD 



247 



DROWN 



dread (dred), v.t. to fear greatly; an- 
ticipate with shrinking or terror; 
venerate: v.i.^ to be in great fear: 
n. apprehensive terror; reverential 
awe: adj. awful; solemn. 

dreadnaught ('nawt), n. a fearless 
person; an advanced type of battle- 
ship; a thick woolen felted cloth. 

dredge (drej), n. a drag or instru- 
ment for sweeping the bottoms of 
rivers to bring up something: v.t. 
to clean out and deepen by a dredge ; 
gather with a dredge; sprinkle flour 
upon. 

dregs (dregz), n.pl. the sediment of 
liquor; lees; worthless matter. 

Dreibund (dri'bunt), n. a triple al- 
liance, especially that (1883) be- 
tween Germany, Austria-Hungary, 
and Italy for mutual defense. 

drench (drench), v.t. to wet thorough- 
ly; steep in moisture; forcibly ad- 
minister a draft to: n. a large draft; 
a dose of medicine for a horse or 
cattle. 

Dresden (dres'den), n. a fine porce- 
lain. 

driblet (driblet), n. a small piece, 
part, or sum. 

drier (dri'er), n. one who, or that 
which, dries; a substance added to 
paint, &c, causing it to dry quick- 
ly,^ an apparatus for drying off 
moisture. 

drift (drift), n. the direction in 
which anything is driven; an im- 
pellent force; overbearing influence; 
an accumulation heaped up by sea 
or wind; tendency; scope; the hori- 
zontal passage of a mine. 

driftage ('aj), n. that which is 
drifted; leeway caused by wind or 
sea currents. 

drill (dril), v.t. to pierce with a 
drill; bore; perforate; instruct thor- 
oughly in the rudiments of any busi- 
ness, &c; train; sow in lines or 
rows. 

drilling ('ing), n. the act of using 
a drill; a heavy, firm twilled cloth. 
Irivel (driv'el), v.i. to slaver; be 



weak or foolish; talk or act like a 
fool or dotard. 

drizzle (driz'l), v.i. to rain slightly 
or in misty drops : n. a fine misty rain. 

droit (droit or drwa), n. equity; 
right of ownership, especially in 
land; custom; duty. 

drole (drol'), n. a funny fellow; buf- 
foon. 

droll (drol'), adj. ridiculous; queer. 

drollery ('er-i), n. [pi. drolleries 
(-riz) ], the quality of being droll; 
buffoonery. 

drolling ('ing), n. burlesque. 

dromedary (drum'e-da-ri), n. [pi. 
dromedaries (-riz) ], one of a do- 
mesticated breed of camels distin- 
guished for its speed and by having 
one hump. 

drone (dron), v.i. to utter in a mo- 
notonous tone or sound; live in idle- 
ness: v.t. to read in a monotonous 
tone: n. a dull, monotonous tone; 
one of the pipes of a bagpipe; the 
male of the honey-bee which pro- 
duces no honey; a lazy fellow. 

drony (dro'ni), adj. like a drone. 

drool (drool), v.i. to drip saliva from 
the mouth like a baby; to talk non- 
sense; to drivel. 

droop (droop), v.i. to sink or hang 
down; languish; bend down gradu- 
ally: v.t. cause to hang down: n. 
the act of. drooping. 

dropsical- ('si-kal), adj. affected with 
dropsy. 

dropsy ('si), n. an unnatural accu- 
mulation of serous fluid in any 
cavity of the body or its tissues; a 
disease affecting the food-sac of 
young trout; blue swelling. 

dropt, p.t. & p.p. of drop. 

dross (dros), n. the scum or slag of 
melted metal; sediment; refuse. 

drought (drout), n. continued ab- 
sence of rain or moisture; dryness. 

drove, p.t. of drive: n. a collection of 
cattle or sheep driven in a body; a 
crowd; sprats caught early in the 
season. 

drown (droun), v.i. to perish by suf- 
focation in water: v.t. to suffocate 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



r 
i 



DROWSE 248 DUCTILE 

by immersion in water; overwhelm; form of the noun or verb connoting 

inundate; deluge. two persons or things. 

drowse (drouz), v.i. to be heavy with dualism (-izm), n. a twofold divi- 

sleepiness; be half -asleep: n. a light sion; the doctrine of two indepen- 

sleep. dent and separate principles in man, 

drowsy ('i), adj. sleepy; sluggish. the spiritual and the corporeal; the 

drub (drub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. drubbed, Gnostic theory that there are two 

p.pr. drubbing], to beat vigorously: independent eternal principles, one 

n. a thump. evil and the other good. 

drudge (druj), v.i. to labor hard at dualist ('a-list), n. one who holds 

mean or uncongenial tasks; slave: any of the theories of dualism. 

v.t. to spend or pass laboriously: n. duality (-al'i-ti), n. the state or 

one employed in menial work who quality of being twofold; division 

works hard for insufficient remu- into two. 

neration. dual alliance (du'al al-i'ans), n. the 
drudgery ('er-i), n. the work of a compact between Austria-Hungary 

drudge; mean servile labor. and Germany after Italy withdrew 

drug (drug), n. an ingredient used from the original triple alliance at 

in medicine; a narcotic; an unsal- the outbreak of the European war 

able article: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. drug- of 1914. 

ged, p.pr. drugging], to mix drugs dub (dub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dubbed, 

with; render stupid by a narcotic p.pr. dubbing], to invest with 

drug: v.i. to take drugs habitually. knighthood by striking the shoulder 
druggist ('ist), n. a dealer in drugs. with a sword; confer any rank, dig- 
Druid (droo'id), n. a priest of the nity, character, or name upon; rub, 

ancient Kelts of Britain, Gaul, and dress, or smooth: v.i. make a brisk 

Germany. noise: n. a tap or blow. 

Drummond-light ('und-lit), n. an- dubious (du'bi-us), adj. doubtful. 

other name for the limelight. ducal ('kal), adj. pertaining to a 
drunkard Card), n. one habitually duke. 

drunk. ducat (duk'at), n. a gold or silver 
drunken ('en), p. adj. habitually in- coin formerly in use in Europe: value 

temperate. $2.28 in U.S. money. 

drunkenness (-nes), n. the state of duchess (duch'es), n. the consort or 

being drunk; habitual intemperance; widow of a duke. 

frenzy. duchy (T), n. [pi. duchies ('iz) ], the 
dryad (dri'ad), n. a wood nymph. territory, dominions, or jurisdiction 

dry battery (drl bat'te-ri), n. a bat- of a duke. 

tery for generating electricity by ducking ('ing), n. the act of putting 

means of dry chemicals. under water; the sport of shooting 

dry dock (dri'dok), n. a repair dock wild ducks. 

for ships. ducking-stool (-stool), n. a stool 
dryly ('li), adv. without moisture; in j n which female scolds were ducked 

a dry manner; coldly; sarcastically. * n tne water. 

Also drily. duckling ('ling), n. a young duck. 

dry-nurse ('ners), v.L to rear with- duckweed ('wed), n. a common 

out the breast. fresh-water plant eaten by ducks. 

drysalt ('sawlt), v.L to cure by salt- duct (dukt), n. a passage, tube, or 

ing and drying, as meat. canal by which a fluid or secretion 

dual (du'al), adj. expressing, or com- is conveyed. 

posed of, the n umber 2; n. the ductile ('til), adj. capable of being 

ftte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DUCTILITY 



249 



DUMP 



drawn out into threads or wire; 
tractable. 

ductility ('i-ti), n. flexibility. 

ductless glands (dukt-les-glands), n. 
glands that discharge their secretion 
into the blood stream, now known 
to have great importance in the bod- 
ily economy. 

dude (dud), n. a kind of dandy, 
characterized by over-affectedness in 
manners, dress, &c. 

dudeen (du-den'), n. a short clay pipe. 

dudgeon (duj'un), n. sullen anger; 
resentment; ill-will. ■ 

duds (dudz), n.pl. clothes. 

due (du), adj. owed or owing; pay- 
able; fulfilling obligation; suitable 
to a case; ascribable; proper: adv. 
exactly; directly: n. that which is 
owed or required by an obligation; 
a custom, toll, tribute, or fee. 

duel ('el), n. a combat between two 
persons with deadly weapons: v.i. 
to fxght in a duel. 

dueling (-ing), n. the fighting a duel. 

duena (doo-a/nya), n. an elderly 
Spanish or Portuguese lady who acts 
as a guardian to a younger one; a 
governess. Also duenna. 

duet (dti-et')* n. a vocal or instru- 
mental composition for two per- 
formers. Also duetto. 

duetino (doo-a-te'no), n. a short duet. 

duff (duf),-w. pudding of flour, &c; 
boiled in a bag; a vegetable growth 
accumulated in forest ground. 
luffer ('er), n. a peddler or hawker 
of feminine articles ' of attire, flash 
jewelry, &c; a dull, stupid, ineffi- 
cient person; a fogy; a spurious 
coin. 

iffing ('ing), adj. worthless; coun- 
terfeit. 

ig, pi. & p.p. of dig: n. a teat. 
igong (du'gong), n. an aquatic 
herbivorous mammal resembling the 
seal and walrus; the sea-cow. 
lugout (dug'out), n. a canoe hol- 
lowed out from a log; a rough kind 
of shelter excavated in the side of a 
hill or bank. 
luke (duk), n. the highest order of 



English nobility and ranking next 
below an archbishop and the princes 
of the blood; a continental prince or 
noble. 

dukedom ('dum), n. a duchy. 

dulcet (dul'set), adj. sweet or pleas- 
ant to the ear; harmonious. 

dulciana (si-a'na), n. a soft-toned 
stop. 

dulcimer ('si-mer), n. an instrument 
with wire strings which are struck 
with a rod. 

dullard Card), n. a stupid person; 
blockhead. 

duly (duli), adv. in a fit and becom- 
ing manner; fitly; regularly! 

dumb (dum), adj. incapable of 
speech. 

dumb-bell ('bel), n. one of a pair 
of heavy weights used for muscular 
exercise. 

dumb-show ('sho), n. gesture without 
speech. 

dumb-waiter (wa'ter), n. a. movable 
framework for lifting groceries. 

dumbledore (dum'bl-dor), n. the 
bumble-bee; the brown cock- 
chafer. 

Dumdum bullet (dum'dum bul'let), 
n. a bullet with an incomplete steel 
jacket which expands on striking, 
owing to its soft core; so named from 
the town of Dumdum in India, where 
British military supplies are made. 
A majority of the International 
Peace Conference of 1899 decided 
against the use of this form of bullet 
in warfare. 

dummy (dum'i), n. [pi. dummies 
('iz) ], one who is mute or silent; 
that which imitates a reality; an 
exposed hand at whist when three 
persons are playing: adj. fictitious. 

dunnite (dun'nit), n. a picric acid 
explosive for projectiles. 

dump (dump), n. a thud or heavy 
sound; anything snort, thick, and 
heavy; a place to discharge rub- 
bish in: pi. low spirits : v.t. to throw 
down and empty, especially abrupt- 
ly; unload from a cart: v.i. to un- 
load by tilting. 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boom 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



DUMPLING 



250 



DUUMVIR 



dumpling (dump 'ling), n. a covering of 
dough, sometimes containing meat, 
or fruit; dough cooked in gravy. 

dumpy ('i), adj. short and thick; 
discontented; sulky. 

dunderhead ('der-hed), n. a dolt; 
a numskull. 

dune (dun), a heap of drifted sand 
piled up on the sea-shore by the 
action of the wind. 

dunfish ('fish), n. codfish cured by 
dunning. 

dungeon Cjun), n. the principal 
keep of a mediaeval castle; a dark 
underground cell; a prison. 

Dunkers ('kerz), n. pi. a sect of Ger- 
man-American Baptists, properly 
termed Brethren. 

dunnage ('aj), n. loose wood, fagots, 
&c, stowed in the hold of a vessel 
to protect the cargo from injury. 

dunnish ('ish), adj. inclined to dun 
color. 

duodecimal (du-o-des'i-mal), adj. 
consisting of, or computing by, 
twelves or any power of 12: n. a 
twelfth power of anything: pi. a 
system of computing by twelves the 
number of square feet and inches 
in a rectangular area. 

duodecimo ('i-mo), n. a sheet folded 
into 12 leaves (12mo): said of a 
book. 

duodenum (-de'num), n. [pi. duo- 
dena ('na) ], the first portion of the 
small intestine. 

dupable (dup'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being duped. 

dupe (dup), n. one who is, or can be, 
easily tricked; a credulous person; 
v.t. to deceive by trickery; cheat. 

duplex (du'pleks), adj. double; com- 
pound: applied to the transmission 
of two telegraphic messages over 
a single wire at the same time: v.i. 
to transmit telegraphic messages by 
the duplex system. 

duplicate ('pli-kat), v.t. to make or 
render double; make a copy or 
copies of: v.i. to celebrate Mass or 
receive the Eucharist twice in one 
day: adj. corresponding exactly with 



another; twofold; double; growing 
in pairs: n. facsimile; counterpart; 
an exact copy. 

duplication (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
duplicating; a fold; multiplication 
by 2. 

duplicity (-plis'i-ti), n. deceit; 
hypocrisy. 

durability (du-ra-bil'i-ti), n. endur- 
ance. . 

durable ('ra-bl), adj. not perishing; 
permanent; stable; lasting. 

durably (-li), adv. in a durable man- 
ner. 

dura mater ('ra ma'ter), n. the 
tough covering which envelops the 
brain and spinal cord. 

duramen (-ra'men), n. the inner or 
heart wood of an exogenous tree. 

durance ('rans), n. imprisonment. 

duration (-ra'shun), n. continuance 
in time; permanency. 

duress (du-res' or du'res), n. re- 
straint of personal liberty by fear 
or physical force, compelling a per- 
son to do some act; imprisonment. 

durometer (dii-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for testing the hardness of 
steel rails. 

durst, p.t. of dare. 

duskily ('i-li), adv. with a tendency 
to darkness or blackness. 

Dutch (duch), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, the Dutch or Low 
Germans of Holland, or their lan- 
guage. 

duteous ('ti-us), adj. fulfilling duty; 
obedient. 

dutiable (dti'ti-a-bl), adj. subject to 
duty. 

dutiful (-fool), adj. respectful; obe- 
dient to parents. 

duty ('ti), n. [pi. duties ( r tiz) ], ob- 
ligatory service; tax, impost, or toll 
levied by Government on certain 
articles. 

duumvir (-um'ver), n. [pi. duumviri 
('vi-ri), duumvirs (Verz) ], two an- 
cient Roman officers of high rank 
acting together in one capacity or 
public function. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






DUUMVIRATE 



251 



DYSPEPSIA 



duumvirate (Ver-at), n. the joint 
office of the duumviri. 

dwarf (dwawrf), n. a human being, 
animal, or plant much below the 
average height: adj. of smaller size 
or height than the average: v.t. hin- 
der from growing to the natural 
size: v.i. become stunted; grow 
smaller. 

dwell (dwel), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dwelt, 
p.pr. dwelling], to reside for a 
length of time; have a fixed abode; 
continue; linger: v.t. to inhabit. 

dwelling ('ing), n. sl house or place 
of abode. 

dwindle (dwin'dl), v.i. to become 
gradually less; diminish; decrease. 

Dyak (di'ak), adj. pertaining to the 
natives of the Malay race inhabiting 
Borneo. 

dye (di), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dyed, p.pr. 
dyeing], to stain or color: v.i. to 
follow the trade of a dyer: n. a col- 
oring liquid or stain. 

dynamic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
mechanical forces not in equilibrium; 
effective. Also dynamical: n.pl. 
that branch of mechanics which 



treats of the effects of force in 
producing motion. Also kinetics. 

dynamitard ('na-mi-tard), n. one 
who advocates the use of dynamite 
as a revolutionary agent. Also 
dynamiter. 

dynamite ('na-mlt), n. a highly ex- 
plosive compound of nitro-glycerine 
mixed with sawdust or infusorial 
silica: v.t. to destroy by dynamite. 

dynamo' ('na-mo), n. an electric ma- 
chine for converting mechanical into 
electric energy. 

dynastic (-nas'tik), adj. pertaining 
to a dynasty. 

dynasty ('nas-ti), n. [pi. dynasties 
(-tiz) ], a line or succession of sov- 
ereigns of a particular family; the 
length of time during which a cer- 
tain family reigns. 

dysentery (dis'en-ter-i), n. a tropical 
disease akin to diarrhoea, attended 
with fever. 

dysgenic (dis'gen-ik), n. militating 
against the improvement of the race 
through breeding; the opposite of 
eugenic. 

dyspepsia (-pep'si-a), n. indigestion. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl* me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



E 



E, the fifth letter of the English alpha- earthly (-li), adj. pertaining to the 

bet, said to be the most frequent in earth; sensual; worldly; possible; 

occurrence of all the letters. conceivable. 

eager (e'ger), adj. impetuous; vehe- earthquake ('kwak), n. a shaking 

ment; earnest; keen; enthusiastic. or trembling of the earth produced 

eagle ('gl), n. a bird of prey, genus by subterranean volcanic forces. 

Aquila, noted for its strength, size, earthwork (-werk), n. a cutting 

and keenness of vision; a gold coin or embankment; an offensive or 

of the United States = 10 dollars ; the defensive fortification constructed 

military standard of ancient Rome. chiefly of earth. 

eagle-wood (-wood), n. a highly earthworm (Venn), n. a common 

fragrant resinous wood. Also agal- name for worms that live in the 

lochum. ground. _ 

eaglet ('glet), n. a young eagle. earthy ('i), adj. pertaining to, com- 

earing (er'ing), n. a small rope for posed of, or resembling, the earth; 

fastening the upper corner of a sail dull; coarse, 

to a yard or stanchion; a plowing earwax (er'waks), n. cerumen, 

of land; the formation of ears, as earwig (er'wig), n. a well-known 

in wheat. insect with a pair of curved forceps 

earl (erl), n. nobleman next in rank at its tail: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. earwig- 

below a marquis. ged, p.pr. earwigging], to gain the 

earldom ^ (fcum), n. the possessions ear of and influence by whispered or 

or dignity of an earl. covert statements. 

earmark (er'mark), n. a mark for ease (ez), n. freedom from pain, dis- 

identification : v.t. to set a distinc- turbance, labor, or affectation; 

tive mark upon. quiet; repose; f acuity: v.t. to free 

ear-minded (er'mln'ded), adj. tend- from pain, anxiety, or trouble; give 

ing to learn and remember and think rest or relief. 

in terms of auditory images; opposed easel (e'zl), n. a wooden frame or 

to eye-minded. tripod for supporting a canvas, 

earnest ('est), adj. in serious reality; blackboard, &c. 

serious in speech or action; ardent; East (est), n. the Orient; eastern part 

zealous; eager: n. a portion of of the United States, 

something given or done in advance Easter (es'ter), n. a festival of the 

as a pledge. Christian Church to commemorate 

earnings ('ingz), n.pl. wages; reward. . the resurrection of Jesus Christ: 

earring (er'ring), n. an ear ornament. adj. pertaining to Easter. 

ear-splitting (er'split'ing), a. deafen- easterly (-li), adv. situated, or mov- 
ing and overpoweringly noisy. ing toward, the east: adj. in the 

earthenware (-war), n. vessels or direction of the east. 

other objects made of clay or a eastern (est'ern), adj. situated to- 
similar earthy substance. ward, or lying in, the east. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl* me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

[2521 



EASTERN CHURCH 



253 



ESCHINATE 



Eastern Church (cherch), n. the 
Orthodox Oriental or Greek Church. 

Eastern Empire (em'pir), n. that 
part of the later Roman Empire 
which had its capital at Byzantium 
(Constantinople) . 

Easterner (-er), n. a person who 
resides in the eastern part of the 
United States. 

Eastern question (kwes'chun), n. the 
term applied to the complicated inter- 
nal problems arising out of the posses- 
sion by the Turks of the southeast 
of Europe, and their relations to 
Russia and adjoining states. 

easting ('ing), n. the distance trav- 
ersed by a vessel eastward from a 
given meridian. 

eastward ('ward), adv. toward, or 
in the direction of, the east. Also 
eastwards. 

eau (o), n. [pi. eaux (oz), (French)], 
water, especially as applied to per- 
fumes, cordials, spirituous waters, 
&c, as eau de cologne. 

eaves (evz), n.pl. the edges of the 
roof which overhang a building. 

eavesdrop ('drop), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
eavesdropped, p.pr. eavesdropping], 
to listen to the private conversa- 
tion of others. 

ebauchoir (a-bo-shwaV), n. a large 
broad hewing chisel used by statu- 
aries. 

ebb (eb), n. the flowing back of the 
tide; ebb-tide; decline: v.i. to flow 
back or return, as the tide to the 
sea; decline; recede. 

Eblis (eb'lis), n. the Mohammedan 
Devil; in Mohammedan mythology, 
the chief evil spirit. 

ebonite ('un-it), n. a hard dark va- 
riety of vulcanite. 

ebonize (-Iz), v.t. to make black by 
staining like ebony. 

ebony ('un-i), n. a hard, heavy, dur- 
able black-colored wood [pi. ebonies 
(-iz)], negroes: adj. made of, or 
like, ebony. 

eboulement (a-bool'mang), n. the 
crumbling of a wall or fortification; 
a landslip; avalanche. 



ebullition (eb-u-lish'un), n. the act 
of boiling; effervescence; a sudden 
outburst of feeling. 

eburine (eb'u-rin),n. an artificial ivory. 

ecarte (a-kar-ta'), n. a game of cards 
played by two persons with 32 cards, 
from which those from two to six 
have been cast out. 

ecaudate (e-kaw'dat), adj. tailless. 

ecbatic (ek-bat'ik), adj. denoting the 
relation of cause and effect. 

eccentric ('sen-trik), adj. not sit- 
uated in, or deviating from the cen- 
ter; peculiar in manner or char- 
acter; erratic; not having the same 
center: opposed to concentric: n. sl 
circle or sphere not having the same 
center as another circle; a mechanic- 
al device for converting continuous 
circular motion into reciprocating 
rectilinear motion. 

eccentricity (-tris'i-ti), n. _ [pi. ec- 
centricities (-tiz)], deviation from 
a center; peculiarity of manner or 
character; idiosyncrasy. 

ecchymosis (-i-mo'sis), n. a livid 
spot on the skin, caused by extrav- 
asated blood. 

ecclesiastic (e-kle-zi-as'tik), n. a 
person in holy orders; a clergyman. 

ecclesiastical (-al), adj. pertaining 
to the Church and its organization 
or government. 

ecclesiasticism (-as'ti-sizm), n. 
strong attachment to the forms, 
usages, organization, and privileges 
of the Church. 

ecclesiology (-zi-ol'o-ji), n. the 
science which treats of the Church 
as an organized society, and of its 
development. 

eschalot (esh-a-lot'), n. a kind of 
onion resembling garlic. 

echelon (esh'e-lon), n. an arrange- 
ment of a body of troops in the form 
of steps; an arrangement of the 
vessels of a fleet in V form. 

echinate (ek'i-nat), v.t. and v.i. to pro- 
ject at such an angle as to have a 
feathery or plumed appearance, as 
in case of. the spicules of certain 
sponges. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boom 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ECHO 



254 



EDDY 



echo (ek'o), n. [pi. echoes ('oz)], 
the repetition of a sound caused by 
reflection; the repetition of the 
words or opinions of others: v.i. 
[pt. & p.p. echoed; p.pr. echoing], 
to emit an echo; give, or reflect 
back, a sound: v.t. to repeat the 
sound of; repeat closely (the words, 
&c, of others). 

echometry (e-kom'e-tri), n. the art 
of measuring the duration of sounds. 

eclair (a-klar'), n. a small oblong 
cake containing flavored cream, &c, 
covered on the top with sugar or 
chocolate. 

eclaircissement (-ses'mang), n. an 
explanation or clearing up of some- 
thing previously obscure or misun- 
derstood. 

eclat (a-kla'), n. a bursting forth, as 
of applause or admiration; renown; 
striking effect; splendor. 

eclectic (ek-lek'tik), adj. selecting or 
choosing from different systems, doc- 
trines, or sources; liberal and broad 
in taste or belief: n. one of a class 
of ancient philosophers. 

eclecticism ('ti-sizm), n. the eclectic 
system of philosophy. 

eclipse (e-klips'), n. the total or par- 
tial obscuration of the light of a 
heavenly body caused by its entering 
the shadow of another body: hence 
diminution: obscuration; temporary 
failure: adj. pertaining to an 
eclipse: v.t. to cover or obscure by 
an eclipse; darken or conceal; over- 
shadow. 

ecliptic (-klip'tik), n. the apparent 
path of the sun, or real path of the 
earth, in the heavens during a year. 

eclogue (ek'log), n. a pastoral poem. 

economic (ek-o, or e-ko-nom'ik), adj. 
frugal; saving; pertaining to do- 
mestic economy. Also economical: 
n.pl. political economy. 

economist (-kon'o-mist), n. one pru- 
dent in expenditure; a student of 
political economy. 

economize ('o-miz), v.t. to manage 
with care or frugality: v.i. to be 
careful in outlay. 



economy ('o-mi), n. [pi. economies 

(-miz)], the regulation of household 

affairs; frugality in expenditure; 

_,any system of religious laws, rites, 

or ceremonies. 

ecorche (a-kor-sha/), n. an anatom- 
ical model, represented as deprived 
of the skin; to exhibit for study the 
muscular system. 

ecrevisse (a-kre-ves'), n. a piece of 
armor formed of overlapping splints 
resembling the tail of the crawfish. 

ecru (a-kroo'), adj. unbleached: said 
of the color of textile fabrics. 

ecstasy (ek'sta-si), n. [pi. ecstasies 
(-siz)], the state of being beside 
one's self; excessive joy; a kind of 
cataleptic trance. 

ecstatic (-stat'ik), adj. overpower- 
ing; rapturous; entrancing. Also 
ecstatical. 

ectasis (ek'ta-sis), n. the pronuncia- 
tion of a vowel as long, or its length- 
ening if short. 

ectoblast ( to-blast), n. an outer cell 
wall. 

ectogenesis (ek-to-jen'e-sis), n. pro- 
ducing structures from without in- 
stead of from within. 

ectopic gestation (ek-top'ik ges-ta- 
shon), n. bearing the embryo outside 
the uterus in the abdominal cavity. 

ectoplasm (-plazm), n. the exterior 
protoplasm or sarcode of a cell. 

ectype (ek'tlp), n. a reproduction or 
imitation of an original design. 

ectypography (-ti-pog'ra-fi), n. 
method of etching in relief . 

ecu (a-koo'), n. a mediaeval shield; the 
name of various gold and silver coins 
formerly current in France. 

ecumenic (ek-u-men'ik), adj. gen- 
eral; universal, pertaining to the 
Christian Church throughout the 
world: said of certain councils of 
the Church. Also ecumenical. 

eczema ('ze-ma), n. an inflammatory 
disease of the skin. 

eddy (ed'i), n. [pi. eddies ('iz)], 
contrary current of air or water 
causing a circular motion; a small 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



EDEN 



255 



EFFICACIOUS 



whirlpool: v.i. to move with a circu- 
lar motion; whirl. 

Eden (e'dn), n. paradise; any partic- 
ularly delightful region or residence. 

edged ('d), p.adj. furnished with an 
edge, border, or fringe. 

edge-tool (tool), n. any sharp tool. 

edging ('ing), n. that which forms 
an edge or border; narrow lace or 
embroidery for a garment; the oper- 
ation of shaping or ornamenting 
anything. 

edible Ci-bl), adj. fit to be eaten as 
food: n. something fit to be eaten 
(usually in pi). 

edict (e'dikt), n. a public proclama- 
tion or decree issued by a sovereign 
and having the force of a law. 

edification (ed-i-fi-ka/shun), n. a 
building up in a moral or religious 
sense; instruction. 

edify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. edified, 
p.pr. edifying], to build up or 
strengthen, especially in faith or 
morals; impart instruction to. 

edit ('it), v.t. to revise and prepare 
for publication; direct, select, and 
adapt literary matter for the press; 
make a revision of. 

edition (e-dish'un), n. the published 
form of a literary work; the number 
of copies of a book, magazine, or 
newspaper published at one time; 
reproduction. 

editor (ed'i-ter), n. one who superin- 
tends, revises, or prepares a literary 
work for publication; one who con- 
ducts a newspaper, magazine, &c. 

editorial (-tor'i-al), adj. pertaining 
to an editor, or his duties: n. a 
leading article. 

educate ('u-kat), # v.t. to impart 
knowledge to; cultivate the moral or 
intellectual faculties of; instruct; 
train. 

education (-ka'shun), n. the act, pro- 
cess, or result of educating; the sys- 
tematic training of the moral and 
intellectual faculties; the rearing of 
animals. 

educationist ('shun-ist), n. one 
versed in the art, theory, and meth- 



ods of education; one who advocates 
the promotion and extension of edu- 
cation. 

educator (-ka-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, educates; a tutor; an 
educationist. 

educe (e-dus r ), v.t. to draw out; 
evolve; bring to light. 

eduction (e-duk'shun), n. the act of 
exhausting, as steam. 

eel (el), n. an elongated fish, destitute 
of ventral fins, having a slippery 
mucous skin. 

eerie (e'ri), adj. lonely; weird; 
gloomy; mysterious. Also eery.. 

efface (ef-fas'), v.t. to obliterate; 
render indistinguishable; destroy. 

effaceable ('a-bl), adj. capable of 
being effaced. 

effacement ('ment), n. obliteration. 

effect (ef-fekt'), v.t. to produce as a 
cause, consequence, or result; ac- 
complish; fulfil: n. result; purpose; 
realization; efficiency; purport: pL 
goods; personal estate : 

effective ('iv), adj. having the power 
to effect; operative; efficient; pow- 
erful : n. a soldier fit for duty. 

effectual ('u-al), adj. producing, or 
having, effect; completely operative; 
efficient. 

effeminacy (-fem'i-na-si), n. the 
quality of being effeminate; woman- 
ish softness or delicacy; unmanli- 
ness. 

effeminate ('i-nat), v.t. to make 
womanish or delicate; unman: v.i. 
become womanish: adj. having the 
qualities or characteristics of a 
woman; delicate or unmanly. 

efferent ('fer-ent), adj. conveying or 
discharging outwards. 

effervesce (-ves'), v.i. to be in a state 
of natural ebullition; bubble or hiss. 

effervescence ('ens), n. the state or 
condition of effervescing; irrepressi- 
ble excitement; a display of feeling. 

effete (-fef), adj. worn out; barren; 
exhausted. 

efficacious (-i-ka'shus), adj. produc- 
ing, or capable of producing, a de- 
sired effect. 



ate, Snn, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 






EFFICACY 256 EIKON 

efficacy (-ka-si), n. power to produce the escape of a fluid from the vessel 

results or effects; ability. inclosing it. 

efficiency (-fish'en-si), n. effectual effusive ('siv), adj. pouring forth 

agency or power; the state of being freely or widely. 

efficient. egging ('ing), n. incitement. 

efficient Cent), adj. producing or egis, same as aegis. 

causing effects or results; powerful; eglantine ('lan-tin), n. the dog-rose. 

ready: n. an agent or cause; a qual- ego (e'go), n. self; personality. 

ified person. egoism (-izm), n. the habit of re- 

effigy ('i-ji), n. [pi. effigies (-jiz)], garding self as the center of every- 

an image; a likeness or figure in thing; the^ doctrine that everything 

sculpture, painting, or on coins, &c. is uncertain but the fact of one's 
effloresce (fid-res'), v.i. to blossom; existence. 

become covered with a whitish crust egoist (-ist), n. an adherent of egoism. 

or fine white crystals. ego-maniac (eg-o-ma/ni-ak), n. one 

efflorescence ('ens), n. the time or whose self-love is so excessive as to 

state of flowering; the production of become a disease. 

flowers; redness of the skin; the egotism _ (e'go-, or eg'o-tizm), n. self- 
formation of fine white crystals on exaltation in thought, speech, or 

the surface of efflorescing substances. writing; vanity. 
effluence ('flu-ens), n. an issuing out. egotist (-tist), n. one characterized 
effluent (-ent), adj. flowing or issu- by egotism. 

ing forth: n. a stream which flows egregious (e-gre'jus), adj. extraordi- 

out of another or forms the outlet of nary. 

a lake. egress Cgres), n. departure. 

effluvial ('vi-al), adj. pertaining to egret Cgret), n. a species of heron; a 

effluvia. heron's plume; the feathery down of 

effluviography (e-flo-vi-og'ra-fi), n. seeds. 

the action of the silent electric dis- Egyptology ('o-ji), n. the science or 

charge upon a photographic plate. scientific investigation of Egyptian 

effluvium < ('vi-um), n. [pi. effluvia antiquities and hieroglyphics. 

(-a)], an invisible subtle emanation; eider (I'der), n. a large marine duck, 

disagreeable exhalations arising from the down of which is an article of 

decaying matter. commercial value. 

efflux ('fluks), n. the act of flowing eidograph ('do-graf), n. an appara- 

out; effluence; emanation; a passing tus for copying drawings, &c. 

away.^ eidoscope (-skop), n. an instrument 

effoiiation (-fol-i-a'shun), n. the de- for producing an infinite variety of 

priving of leaves: said of a plant. geometrical figures. 

effort ('fort), n. strenuous exertion, eighteenmo (-mo), n. a book whose 

physical *or mental; struggle; at- sheets are folded into 18 leaves. Oc- 

tempt. todecimo. 

effractor (e-frak'tor), n. one who il- eighteenth ('tenth), adj. next in or- 

legally enters a house, as a burglar. der after 17th: an ordinal numeral. 

effrontery (-frunt'er-i), n. impu- eighth (at'th), adj. next after sev- 

dence. enth; an ordinal numeral: n. an in- 

effulgence (-ful'jens), n. a great lus- terval of an octave - 

ter, brightness, or splendor. eightieth (a'ti-eth), adj. next to 

effusion (-fu'zhun), n. the act of 79thl 

pounngout, or shedding forth; an eighty ('ti), adj. 8 times 10. 

outpouring of thought o r sentiment; eikon (I'kon), n. [pi. eikones ('ko- 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boom 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



EIKONOMETER 



257 



ELECTORAL COLLEGE 



nez)], a holy image; a sacred pic- 
ture used in the Greek Church. 

eikonometer (i-ko-nom'e-ter), n. a 
device for measuring microscopic 
objects or determining the magnify- 
ing power of a microscope. 

eis-wool (Is'wool), ft. a fine kind of 
worsted. 

either (e' or i'^er), adj. one or the 
other of two; both: pron. one of 
two : conj. the correlative to or. 

ejaculate (e-jak'ti-lat), v.t. to utter 
suddenly: v.i. to utter ejaculatipns. 

ejaculation (-la/shun), n. the act of 
uttering suddenly ; an exclamation. 

ejaculatory ('u-la-to-ri), adj. uttered 
suddenly or sharply. 

eject (e-jekf), v.t. to cast forth; dis- 
miss from office ; evict. 

ejecta ('a), n.pl. refuse. 

ejection (-jek'shun), n. expulsion. 

ejector ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, ejects. 

ejoo-fiber (ej'oo-fi'ber), n. a strong 
black fiber, used in commerce. 

eke (ek), v.t. to extend or lengthen 
(with out): adv. also; likewise [poet.]. 

elaborate (e-lab'o-rat), v.t. to pro- 
duce with labor; improve or refine 
with study or labor: adj. highly-fin- 
ished; complicated. 

elaborator (-ra-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, elaborates. 

elan (a-lang'), n. dash. 

eland (e'land), n. the Cape elk. 

elapse (-laps'), v.i. to slip or glide 
away; run out without notice. 

elastic (-las'tik), adj. springing back; 

having the power of returning to its 

>riginalform; rebounding; springy; 

ipable of extension: n. an elastic 

roven fabric made in part of india- 

lbber. 

sticity (-tis'i-ti), n. the quality of 
lg elastic; power to recover from 
depression. 

elastic-tissue (-tish'u), n. elastic 
light yellow tissue in the ligaments 
of the vertebrae. 

elate (-laf), v.t. to raise the spirits 
of; cause to feel exultant; excite; 
puff up. 




elation (-la'shun), n. the state of be- 
ing elated; joyful elevation of mind. 

elder ('der), adj. older; exceeding an- 
other in age; prior in time, origin, 
or appointment: n. one older in age, 
rank, or station; a lay member of 
the Jewish Sanhedrim; one of a 
body of laymen, in certain churches, 
authorized to superintend its spir- 
itual interests, and to assist the 
minister; a shrub or tree with a 
spongy pith and purple berries. 

eldest ('est), adj. oldest; firstborn. 

El Dorado (do-ra'do), n. an imagin- 
ary country in South America, fa- 
bled to be very rich in gold and 
precious stones: hence an inexhaus- 
tible treasure. 

elect (e-lekf), v.t. to choose for any 
office or use; choose by ballot; select 
from a number: ad;', taken in prefer- 
ence; chosen to an office but not yet 
invested with the dignity: n.pl. 
those chosen to eternal life by Di- 
vine Sovereignty. 

election (-lek'shun), n. the act of 
electing; voluntary preference; the 
act of choosing a person for some of- 
fice or function by show of hands, or 
ballot; the selection by Divine Sov- 
ereignty of certain individuals to 
eternal life; one of the five points of 
Calvinism. 

electioneer (-shun-er'), v.i. to em- 
ploy means for influencing the result 
of an election. 

elective (-lek'tiv), adj. regulated by 
choice; exerting the power of choice: 
opposed to hereditary; having the 
tendency to attract, or combine with. 

elector ('ter), n. one legally qualified 
to vote; a member of a United 
States electoral college; one of the 
German princes who formerly pos- 
sessed the power of electing the 
Emperor. 

electoral (-al), adj. pertaining to 
elections or electors; having the 
rights of an elector. 

Electoral college (kol'ej), n. body 
of representatives elected by the vot- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ELECTORATE 



258 



ELEGANCE 



ers of the several states to choose a 
president of the United States. 

electorate ('to-rat) , n. the whole body 
of persons entitled to vote; the dig- 
nity or territory of an elector of the 
old German empire. 

electric ('trik), adj. pertaining to, 
containing, generated by, or pro- 
duced by, electricity; magnetic. 
Also electrical. 

electrician (-trish'un), n. one who is 
skilled in the science of electricity; 
the maker or vendor of electrical 
appliances. 

electricity (-tris'i-ti), n. an impon- 
derable and invisible agent producing 
light, heat, chemical decomposition, 
and other physical phenomena; the 
science of the laws and phenomena 
which characterize electricity. 

electricute (-kut), v.t. same as elec- 
trocute. 

electrify ('tri-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
electrified, p.pr. electrifying], to 
charge with, or act upon, by elec- 
tricity; pass an electric current 
through. Also electrize. 

electro, a prefix denoting electricity 
as the motive power, or operating 
agent, used in many words, the 
meaning of which is self-evident, as 
eZecfro-engrave, electro-gild, &c. 

electro-biology (-bl-ol'o-ji), n. mes- 
merism. 

electrocute ('tro-kut), v.t. to put to 
death (a criminal) by an electric 
current. 

electrocution (-ku'shun), n. the act 
of electrocuting. 

electrode (e-lek'trod), n. either of 
the terminals of an electric source; 
anode or cathode. 

electro-dynamics (-di-nam'iks), n. 
that branch of physics which treats 
of electric currents. 

electrokinetics (-ki-net'iks), n. that 
branch of electrical science which 
treats of electric currents, or elec- 
tricity in motion, as distinguished 
from electrostatics. 

electrolysis (-trol'i-sis), n. the de- 
composition of a chemical com- 



pound by electricity into its compo- 
nent parts. 

electrolyze ('tro-llz), v.t. to decom- 
pose by the direct action of elec- 
tricity or galvanism. 

electro-magnet (-mag'net), n. a coil 
of soft iron rendered magnetic by 
the passage of an electric current 
through it. 

electrometer (-trom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the amount 
of electrical force. 

electromobile (e-lek-tro-mo'bil), n. 
an automobile driven by electric 
storage-batteries. 

electromotor (-mo'ter), n. any ar- 
rangement, or apparatus, which pro- 
duces or excites an electric current; 
a dynamo. 

electron (e-lek'tron), n. an electrical 
unit. 

electropathy (-trop'a-thi), n. the 
treatment of diseases by electricity. 

electrophorus (-trof'o-rus), n. an 
instrument for generating statical 
electricity oy induction. 

electrophysiology (-fiz-i-oro-ji), n. 
that branch of electricity which in- 
vestigates the electric phenomena of 
living organisms. 

electroplate ('tro-plat), v.t. to cover 
or give a coating of metal to by 
means of a current of electricity: n. 
an article thus coated: generally ap- 
plied to silver plate. 

electrotherapeutics. See electropa- 
thy. 

electrotechnics (-tek'niks), n. the 
science of the processes or methods 
in which electricity is applied to the 
industrial arts. 

electrotype ('tro-tlp), n. a facsimile 
in metal of any object made by cov- 
ering a mold, plate, &c, with a coat 
ing of copper by the action of a g£ 
vanic electric current: v.t. to take 
copy of by electrical deposition. 

eleemosynary (el-e-mos'i-na-ri), adj. 
pertaining to alms; devoted to char 
table purposes; dependent upoi 
charity: n. one who lives on alms. 

elegance ('e-gans), n. [pi. elegance 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ELEGANT 



259 



ELLIPSE 



(-gan-siz) ], the state or quality of 
being elegant; polish; refinement; 
symmetry. 

elegant (-gant), adj. characterized by 
refinement and good taste; refined; 
polished; beautiful in form, color, 
or design. 

elegiac (el-e-ji'ak, or e-le'ji-ak), adj. 
pertaining to, or of the nature of, an 
elegy ; plaintive ; mournful : n . a song 
e 'pressing sorrow; a funeral song. 

elegit (e-le'jit), n. a writ of execu- 
tion under which a creditor can hold 
a debtor's goods until his claim is 
satisfied. 

elegy (ere-ji), n. [pi. elegies (-jiz) ], a 
funeral song or ode; dirge; requiem. 

element (el'e-ment), n. a first or con- 
stituent principle; a component or 
essential part; a substance which 
cannot be decomposed by any known 
method; natural environment; in- 
gredient: pi. the letters or sounds 
of the alphabet; the Eucharistic 
bread and wine. 

omental ('al), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, an element; fun- 
lamental. Also elementary. 
sphant ('e-fant), n. a large five- 
>ed proboscidian mammal with a 
lexible trunk and large tusks. 
jphantiasis (-ti'a-sis), n. a cuta- 
leous disease resembling leprosy. 
jphantine ('tin), adj. pertaining 
to, or resembling, an elephant; 
"luge; unwieldy. 
rate (el'e-vat), v.t. to raise from 
lower to a higher position; enno- 
)le; animate; inspire; raise by 
raining or education; to intoxicate, 
ightly. 

ration (-va'shun), n. the act of 
levating; the state of being ele- 
vated; a sketch plan of the front or 
principal side of a building; the alti- 
tude of a heavenly body above the 
lorizon; raising of the land by seis- 
tic or other agency; slight intoxi- 
ttion. 

rator (-ter), n. that which raises 
ip or exalts; a hoisting machine or 



lift; a warehouse for the storage of 
grain. 

elevatory (-to-ri), adj. tending to 
elevate. 

elf (elf), n. [pi. elves (elvz) ], a di- 
minutive mischievous sprite sup- 
posed to haunt hills and wild places; 
a dwarf; fairy. 

elf-child ('child), n. a child believed 
to have been left by the fairies in 
the place of one stolen by them; a 
changeling. 

elfin ('fin), n. an inhabitant of fairy- 
land; a sportive child : adj. pertain- 
ing to elves. 

elf-fire (elf 'fir), n. will-o'-the-wisp. 

elf-lock ('lok), n. a knot of hair 
twisted in an intricate manner. 

elicit (e-lis'it), v.t. to draw out. 

elide (-lid'), v.t. to slur over, or cut 
off, as a final vowel. 

eligibility (el-i-ji-bil'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being eligible. 

eligible (el'i-ji-bl), adj. capable of 
being, or fit to be, chosen; legally 
qualified. 

eliminate (e-lim'i-nat), v.t. to leave 
out of consideration, or cast aside. 

eliquate (el'i-kwat), v.t. to separate 
or melt out, as metal from ore. 

elision (e-lizh'un), n. the cutting off 
of a vowel or syllable for the sake 
of euphony, as o'er for over. 

elite (a-lef), n. the choicest part, as 
of society, a profession, an army, &c. 

elixir (-lik'ser), n. _ an imaginary 
liquid of the alchemists supposed to 
be capable of prolonging life indefi- 
nitely, and of changing baser metals 
into gold ; a tincture, essence, or 
cordial. 

elk (elk), n. a very large deer of North 
America and Northern Europe; the 
moose-deer. 

elkwood ('wood), n. the wood of the 
umbrella-tree. 

ell (el), n. a measure formerly used 
for cloth, varying in different coun- 
tries, an English ell being 45 inches. 

ellipse (el-lips'), n. one of the sec- 
tions of a cone; the elliptical orbit 
of a planet. 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ELLIPSIS 



260 



EMBITTER 



ellipsis ('is), n. the omission of a 
word or words in a sentence, the 
sense of which is obvious. 

ellipticity (-lip-tis'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being elliptic; the extent of 
any divergence of any ellipse from 
the circle. 

elocution (el-o-kii'shun), n. the art, 
manner, or style of speaking in pub- 
lic; delivery. 

elocutionist (-ist), n. one skilled in, 
or a teacher of, the art of elocution. 

eloge (a-lozh'), n. a funeral oration, 
especially one pronounced on the 
death of a member of the French 
Academy. 

Elohim (el'o-him), n. one of the 
Old Testament names of God. • 

elongate (e-16ng'gat), v.t., to stretch 
out; extend; lengthen. 

elongation (-ga/shun), n. extension. 

elope (e-lop'), v.i. to escape privately; 
run away with a lover or paramour. 

elopement ('ment), n. running away. 

eloquence (el'6-kwens), n. the art of 
speaking with fluency and elegance. 

eloquent (-kwent), adj. having the 
power of fluent and elegant oratory. 

else (els), adv. besides; otherwise. 

elucidate 'e-lus'i-dat), v.t. to make 
clear; render intelligible; illustrate. 

elucidator ('i-da-ter), n. one who 
elucidates; an expositor. 

elude (e-lud'), v.t. to avoid by artifice 
or dexterity; shun; escape. 

elusion (-lu'zhun), n. evasion; artifice. 

elusive ('siv), adj. deceptive; falla- 
cious. 

elusory ('so-ri), adj. evasive; decep- 
tive. 

elvan ('van), adj. pertaining to elves. 

elves, pi. of elf. 

elysian (-liz'i-an), adj. pertaining to 
elysium; yielding the highest enjoy- 
ment. 

Elysium ('i-um), n. the Greek Para- 
dise or residence of the blessed after 
death; a condition of perfect happi- 
ness. 

em (em), n. the square body of any 
size of type, serving as a unit of 
measurement. 



emaciate (e-ma'shi-at), v.i. to lose 
flesh gradually; pine away: v.t. to 
make thin. 

emanate (em'a-nat), v.i. to flow out, 
issue, or proceed, as from a source. 

emancipate (e-man'si-pat), v.t. to 
liberate from servitude or bondage; 
set free; enfranchise. 

emancipator (-pa-ter), n. & liberator. 

emarginate (-mar'gin-at), adj. in- 
dented at the edges; having the apex 
notched. 

emasculate (-mas'ku-lat), v.t. to 
castrate; deprive of virility; weaken 
by expurgation: adj. castrated; de- 
prived of vigor. 

embalm (em-bam'), v.t. to preserve 
from decay by balsams or aromatic 
spices; keep from putrefaction by 
antiseptics. 

embank (-bangk'), v.t. to inclose 
with a bank; protect by a bank. 

embargo (-bar'go), n. [pi. embar- 
goes Cgoz) ], an order by authority 
prohibiting the departure of vessels 
from a port. 

embark (-bark'), v.t. to put on board 
ship; venture or invest: v.i. to go 
on board a vessel; engage in any 
affairs. 

embarrass (-bar'as), v.t. to hinder; 
perplex; involve in pecuniary diffi- 
culties; distress. 

embassy ('ba-si), n. [pi. embassies 
(-iz) ], the public function, mission, 
or official residence of an ambassa- 
dor; a legation. 

embattled (-batld), p. adj. furnished 
with battlements; drawn up in 
battle array. 

embed (-bed'), v.t. to'lay in, or as in, 
a bed; set in surrounding matter. 

embellish (-bel'ish), v.t. to make 
beautiful; set off by ornamentation. 

ember Cber), n. a small live coal or 
unextinguished smoldering ashes. 

embezzle (-bez'l), v.t. to appropriate 
fraudulently, as property entrusted 
to one's care. 

embitter (-bit'er), v.t. to make bit- 
ter, or more bitter; exasperate. 
Also imbitter. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



boon, 






EMBLAZON 



261 



EMENDATION 



emblazon (-bla'zn), v.t. to adorn 
with heraldic figures; blazon; deco- 
rate; celebrate the praises of. 

emblem ('blem), n. a symbolical fig- 
ure or design; a visible sign of an 
idea. 

emblemata (-ble'ma-ta), n.pl. de- 
tachable figures with which the an- 
cients ornamented gold, silver, or 
other metallic vessels. 

emblematic (-blem-at'ik), adj. per- 
taining to an emblem; symbolical. 
Also emblematical. 

emblements ('ble-ments), n.pl. an- 
nual crops produced by the labor of 
the cultivator. 

embodier (-bod'i-er), n. one who em- 
bodies. 

embodiment ('i-ment), n. the act of 
embodying, or uniting in a whole. 

embody (-bod'i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. em- 
bodied, p.pr. embodying], to collect 
into one mass or united whole; in- 
vest with, or as with, a material 
body: v.i. to coalesce. 

embolden (em-bold'en), v.t. to en- 
courage. 

embolism ('bo-lizm), n. an intercala- 
tion; the insertion of days, months, 
or years into the calendar to pro- 
duce regularity of time ; the presence 
of obstructing clots in the blood 
vessels. 

embolus Cb6-lus), n. [pi. emboli (-11) ], 
something inserted and acting in 
another thing, as a piston rod. 

embonpoint (ang-bong-pwang'), n. 
plumpness of figure, especially of 
the bust. 

embosom (em-booz'um), v.t. to hold 
in the bosom; inclose in the midst; 
shelter. 

emboss (-bos'), v.t. to cover with 
bosses or studs; raise in relief from 
the surface. 

embouchure (ang-boo-shur'), n. the 
mouth of a river, a cannon, &c; 
the mouthpiece of a musical wind 

strument. 
ibowel (-bou'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
emboweled, p.pr.. emboweling], to 



remove the intestines from; disem- 
bowel. 

embower (-bou'er), v.t. to cover with, 
or as with, a bower: v.i. to rest, as 
in a bower; form a bower. 

embrace (-bras'), v.t. to take in 
close, or press to the bosom with 
affection; hug; cling to^ receive 
with willingness; in law, to attempt 
to influence by threats or bribes : v.i. 
to join in an embrace: n. the act of 
embracing; a clasping in the arms; 
a hug. 

embracery (-bra'ser-i), n. the act of 
attempting to corrupt or influence a 
jury. 

embrasure ('zhur), n. an opening in 
a wall or parapet from which to fire 
guns; a window or door having its 
sides slanted on the inside. 

embrocate Cbro-kat), v.t. to mois- 
ten and rub, as a diseased or injured 
part, with a lotion. 

embrocation (-ka'shun), n. a lini- 
ment for applying to, or rubbing, an 
injured part of the body. 

embroider (-broid'er), v.t. to deco- 
rate with needlework; embellish 
with additions. 

embroidery (-i), n. pi. embroider- 
ies (-iz) ], ornamental work of gold, 
silver, silk, &c, executed with the 
needle; embellishment. 

embroil (-broil'), v.t. to throw into 
confusion; involve in contention; 
mix up; entangle. 

embryo ('bri-o), n. [pi. ' embryos 
(-oz) ], the first germ or rudiment 
of an organism; the first or unde- 
veloped state of anything. 

embryogeny (-oj'e-ni), n. the devel- 
opment of the embryo in the ovule. 

embryology ('o-ji), n. that branch 
of biology which treats of the de- 
velopment of embryos. 

embryoplastic (-plas'tik), adj. per- 
taining to the formation and devel- 
opment of an embryo. 

embryotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the ex- 
traction of an embryo or foetus b3 r 
cutting. 

emendation (e-men-da'shun), n. the 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



EMENDATOR 



262 



EMPLOY 



alteration or correction of a text, 
so as to give an improved reading. 

emendator (-ter), n. one who cor- 
rects or improves the text of a 
work. 

emerald (em'e-rald), n. a precious 
stone of a rich, deep green color; a 
variety of beryl; a size of type: adj. 
of a color like the emerald. 

emeraldine (-din), n. a dye of a 
dark green color. 

emerge (e-merj'), v.i. to rise up, or 
come forth, from anything which 
conceals; become apparent. 

emergency (-mer'jen-si), n. [pi. 
emergencies (-siz) ], a sudden occa- 
sion; pressing necessity; strait; cri- 
sis: adj. pertaining to, or used in, 
an emergency. 

emeritus (-mer'i-tus), adj. retired 
from service with honor: said of a 
university or college professor. 

emersion (-mer'shun), n. the act of 
emerging; the reappearance of a 
heavenly body after an eclipse. 

emery (em'er-i), n. a very hard va- 
riety of corundum; used when pow- 
dered for grinding or polishing. 

emetic (e-met'ik), adj. inducing vom- 
iting: n. a medicine possessing 
emetic properties. 

emeute ^ (a-muf), n. a seditious or 
revolutionary outbreak; riot. 

emigrant (em'i-grant), n. one who 
quits his own country to settle in 
another : adj. moving from one coun- 
try to another; pertaining to or 
used by, emigrants. 

emigrate ('i-grat), v.i. to leave one's 
country to settle in another. 

eminence (em'i-nens), n. that which 
is lofty; elevation; height; exalted 
rank, station, celebrity, or repute; 
a title given to cardinals. 

eminent (-nent), adj. high in office, 
rank, or reputation; distinguished; 
exalted; conspicuous. 

emir (e-meV), n. a prince: a title of 
dignity given to a Mohammedan 
prince or chieftain. Also ameer, 
amir. 

emissary (em'i-sa-ri), n. [pi. emis- 



saries (-riz) ], a person, or agent, 
sent on a mission, especially of a 
secret nature. 

emission (e-mish'un), n. the act of 
sending out ; that which is issued at 
the time, as bank notes. 

emit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. emitted, 
p.pr. emitting], to send or give 
forth; issue, as an order or decree; 
to print and send into circulation, as 
bank notes. 

emmet ('et), n. an ant. 

emollient (e-mol'yent), adj. softening: 
n. a medicine that has a softening 
effect on living tissues. 

emolument ('u-ment), n. profit; re- 
muneration; income; pecuniary gain 

emotion (-mo'shun), n. mental agita' 
tion; excited feeling; passion. 

emotive (-mo'tiv), adj. producing 
emotion. 

empale. Same as impale. 

emperor (em'per-er), n. the sover- 
eign or supreme ruler of an empire. 

emphasis ('fa-sis), n. a particular 
stress of the voice on a word or 
words in reading or speaking; spe- 
cial force of language or thought. 

emphasize ('fa-siz), v.t. to pronounce 
with emphasis; bring out clearly 
and distinctly. 

emphatic (-fat'ik), adj. uttered with 
emphasis; forcibly significant; im- 
pressive; earnest. Also emphatical. 

empire ('pir), n. supreme power or 
dominion; imperial rule or sover- 
eignty; the region ruled over by an 
emperor or sovereign; sway; con- 
trol. 

empiric (-pir'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
founded upon, or derived from, ex- 
perience. Also empirical. 

empiricism ('i-sizm), n. observation, 
or practical experience apart from 
scientific knowledge; the practice of 
medicine without the usual medical 
training or qualification; quackery, j 

employ (-ploi'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. em- 
ployed, p.pr. employing], to give oc- 
cupation to; keep busy; exercise; 
make use of; apply or devote to an 
object: n. occupation. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



EMPLOYEE 



263 



ENCORE 



employee (-e'), n. one who works 
for another [French employ 6 (-a) ]. 

emporium (-po'ri-um) , n. a commer- 
cial center or place of trade; a large 
shop. 

empower (-pou'er), v.t. to authorize; 
enable. 

empress ('pres), n. a woman invested 
with sovereign sway over an empire ; 
the consort or widow of an emperor. 

empressement (an-pres-mang'), n. 
an animated and vivacious deport- 
ment; a cordial manifestation of 
interest. 

empresario (-pres-a/ri-o), n. a con- 
tractor who introduces foreign set- 
tlers to Mexico by arrangement with 
the government. 

emptiness (emp'ti-nes), n. the state 
of being empty; want of knowledge 
or sense. 

emptying (-ing), n. the act of mak- 
ing empty: pi. the lees of beer or 
cider, used as yeast (pronounced 
emptins) . 

empyrean (em-pir'e-an) , adj. per- 
taining to the highest and purest re- 
gion of heaven, or the region of pure 
fire; ethereal. Also empyreal. 

emu _ (e'mu), n. a large Australian 
ostrich-like bird. 

emulate (em'ti-lat), v.t. to strive to 
equal or excel; vie with; rival. 

emulator (-la-ter), n. a rival; com- 
petitor. 

emulgent (e-mul'jent), adj. draining 
out: applied to the arteries and 
veins : n. an emulgent vessel ; a med- 
icine that promotes a flow of bile. 

emulous (em'u-lus), adj. desirous to 
excel; rivaling; competitive. 

emulsion (e-mul 'shun), n. any liquid 
preparation resembling milk; a sub- 
stance suspended in gelatine or col- 
lodion, used in the preparation of 
dry photographic plates. 
iable (en'a-bl), v.t. to make able; 
furnish with adequate means or 
power; empower. 

lact (-akf), v.t. to decree; pass into 
law; act the part of. 
tacting clause (klawz), n. the in- 



troductory clause of a bill or act, 
usually commencing "Be it enact- 
ed." 

enactor ('ter), n. one who enacts. 

enamel (-am 'el), n. an opaque, semi- 
transparent, or colored substance, or 
glass, used in coating the surface of 
metals or porcelain, and afterwards 
fired; anything enameled; any 
smooth hard coating, especially the 
dense white substance of the teeth:' 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. enameled, p.pr. en- 
ameling], to lay on, cover, or deco- 
rate with enamel. 

enamor (-am'er), v.t. to captivate. 

encamp (-kamp'), v.i. to form a 
camp; halt on the march; go into 
camp or settle in temporary quar- 
ters: v.t. to form into a camp. 

encase (en-kas'), n. to inqlose in a 
covering. 

encaustic (-kaws'tik), adj. pertaining 
to the art of painting in burnt wax. 

encaustic-tile (-til), n. a variegated 
paving-tile inlaid on ground of an- 
other color. 

enceinte (ang-sangf), n. the line of 
works which forms the main in- 
closure of a fortress or place; a 
close or precinct: adj. with child; 
pregnant. 

enchain (en-chan'), v.t. to hold fast 
with, or as with, a chain. 

enchant (-chant), v.t. to charm or 
subdue, as by spells or sorcery; be- 
witch ; fill with delight. 

encircle (-ser'kl), v.t. to form, or in- 
close, in a circle ; enclasp ; embrace. 

enclitic (en-klit'ik), adj. relating in 
Greek and Latin grammar to par- 
ticles that have their accent sub- 
merged in another word. 

encomiastic (en-ko-mi-as'tik), adj. 
bestowing praise; eulogistic. 

encomium ('mi-um), n. [pi. encomi- 
ums (-umz) ], formal praise; eulogy. 

encompass (-kum'pas), v.t. to sur- 
round. 

encore (ang-kor'), adv. once more; 
again: n. a repetition in response 
to a call by an audience: v.t. to call 



}, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ENCOUNTER 



264 



ENERGETIC 



for a repetition of (any particular 
part of a performance). 

encounter (en-koun'ter), v.t. to come 
upon suddenly; meet face to face: 
v.i. to come into collision; meet in 
combat: n. a sudden or accidental 
meeting; conflict; battle. 

encourage (-kur'aj), v.t. to give, or 
inspire with, courage; stimulate. 

encroach (-kroch'), v.i. to invade 
gradually or by stealth; infringe; 
intrude (usually with on or upon). 

encumber (-kum'ber), v.t. to im- 
pede; retard; clog; obstruct; load 
with debt or other legal liabilities. 

encumbrance ('brans), n. that 
which encumbers; a lien or liability 
attached to real property. 

encyclical (-sik'lik-al), adj. sent to 
all members of a class or commu- 
nity; intended for general circula- 
tion. Also encyclic: n. a circular 
letter sent by the Pope to the bish- 
ops, treating of topics of general ec- 
clesiastical interest. 

encyclopaedia or encyclopedia (-si- 
klo-pe'di-a), n. the circle of the 
arts and sciences; a dictionary of 
the arts, sciences, and literature; a 
comprehensive summary of knowl- 
edge; a cyclopaedia. 

encyclopaedic (-pe'dik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, an ency- 
clopaedia. Also encyclopedic. 

encyst (-sisf), v.U & v.i. to inclose, or 
become inclosed, in a cyst or vesicle. 

endanger (en-dan'jer), v.t. expose 
to, or bring into, danger; hazard. 

endear (-der'), v.t. to make dear or 
beloved; attach to one's self. 

endearment ('ment), n. affection. 

endeavor (-dev'er), v.i. to strive for 
the attainment of some object; at- 
tempt: n. an effort or attempt; 
physical or intellectual exertion to- 
ward the attainment of some object. 

endemic (-dem'ik), adj. peculiar to 
a nation, people, or locality: ap- 
plied to a disease. 

endive (en'div), n. an herb whose leaves 
are blanched and used for salads. 

endo and endon, a prefix used in 



many scientific, words, meaning 
within, denoting internal growth, as 
entoderm, endoplasm. 

endocarp (en'do-karp), n. the inner 
coat or shell of a fruit. 

endogen ('do-jen), n. an endogenous 
plant: pi. one of the primary 
classes of the vegetable kingdom, 
in which the plants increase by in- 
ternal growth and elongation at the 
summit, and have a distinct pith. 

endoscope ('do-skop), n. an instru- 
ment used for examining some in- 
ternal part of the body, as the 
urethra. 

endosmosis (-dos-mo'sis), n. the 
transmission of a fluid inward from 
outside when two fluids are sepa- 
rated by a porous septum. 

endosperm ('do-sperm), n. the albu- 
men of a seed. 

endow (-dou'), v.t. to bestow a fund 
or income upon; settle upon; fur- 
nish, as with some gift or quality 
(with with). 

endowment ('ment), n. the act of 
endowing; that which is bestowed, 
settled, or appropriated to any ob- 
ject; that which is given or be- 
stowed on the person or mind: pi. 
natural gifts. 

endue (-du'), to clothe; invest; as- 
sume; furnish with some moral 
or spiritual gift. Also indue. 

endurability (-dur-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being endurable. 

endurable ('a-bl), adj. bearable. 

endurance (-dtir'ans), n. the capac- 
ity to endure; power of suffering 
without succumbing; continuance; 
fortitude. 

endure (-dur), v.t. to support with- 
out breaking or yielding; put up 
with; remain in: v.i. to harden; re- 
main in the same state. 

enema (en'e-ma), n. an injection 
thrown into the rectum as. a medi- 
cine. 

enemy ('e-mi), n. [pi. enemies (-miz)], 
one hostile to another; foe; an- 
tagonist; a hostile army. 

energetic (-er-jet'ik), adj. possess- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ENERGICO 



265 



ENGRAVING 






ing, or displaying, energy; vigorous 
in action; forcible: n.pl. physical, 
as distinguished from vital dynamics. 
energico (-er'je-ko), adj. with energy, 
force, and strong accentuation [mus.]. 
energize ('er-jiz), v.t. to endow with 

energy: v.i. to act with energy. 
energy ('er-ji), n. [pi. energies (-jiz)], 
internal or inherent power; vigor- 
ous operation; power efficiently and 
forcibly exerted; capacity for per- 
forming work; emphasis. 
enervate (en'er-vat or e-ner'vat), v.t. 
to deprive of nerve, force, or vigor; 
to render effeminate or feeble; de- 
bilitate. 
en famille (ang fa-mel), with one's 
family; at home; in domestic fash- 
ion, without formality. 
enfeeble (en-fe'bl),, v.t. to weaken; 

relax. 
enfeoff (-fef), v.t. to invest with a 
feud, fief, or fee; give, sell or con- 
vey lands in fee to. 
enfilade (-fi-lad'), n. a straight line 
or passage; the situation of a place 
or a body of men liable to be raked 
with shot through its whole extent: 
I v.t. to pierce or rake with shot in a 
\ straight line. 

enforce (-fors'), v.t. to put into exe- 
[' cution with vigor; compel; make 
« clear or intelligible. 
enfranchise (-fran'chiz), v.t. to lib- 
erate or set free ; make free of a state, 
ity, or corporation; confer the 
lectoral franchise upon; admit 
the right of voting in public 
ections. 

age (en-gaj'), v.t. to pledge or 
d by oath or contract; make lia- 
e for a debt; secure for aid or em- 
oyment; encounter in battle; oc- 
py the time or attention of ; inter- 
im: v.i. to promise or assume an 
ligation; occupy one's self; enter 
conflict. 

aged (-gajd'), p.p. adj. busy or 
cupied; affianced. 

agement (-gaj'ment), n. the act 
engaging; the state or condition 
being engaged; betrothal; occu- 



pation; a conflict between armies 
or fleets. 

engaging ('ing), adj. winning; pleas- 
ing. 

engender (-jen'der), v.t. to beget; 
excite: v.t. to come into existence. 

engine (-jin), n. anything used to 
effect a purpose ; a machine by which 
power is applied for the perform- 
ance of work; an apparatus for pro- 
ducing some mechanical effect: v.t. 
to furnish or fit up a vessel with 
engines. 

engineer (-ji-neV), n. one who is 
skilled in the principles or practice 
of any branch of engineering; one 
who has charge of and manages an 
engine; one who carries through a 
scheme or undertaking by skill or 
astuteness: v.t. to plan, lay out, or 
direct, as an engineer, the forma- 
tion or execution of, as a road 
or work. 

engineering ('ing), n. the art of 
constructing and using machinery; 
the art and science by which natu- 
ral forces and materials are utilized 
in structures or machines. 

English (ing'glish), adj. belonging 
to, characteristic of, or pertaining 
to, the language or the people of 
England, or those descended from 
them: n. the English people or the 
language spoken by them; a size of 
printing-type (see type) : v.t. to give 
a twisting or spinning motion to, as 
a ball at billiards so as to deflect it 
from its course. 

engrailment (-gral'ment) , n. a ring 
of dots round the edge of a coin or 
medal. 

engrain, another form of ingrain. 

engrave _ (en-grav'), v.t. to cut or 
carve in sunken patterns; incise 
with figures or lines; impress deeply 
or indelibly. 

engraving ('ing), n. the act, process, 
or art of producing designs, &c, in- 
cised or relief, on metal, stone, or 
hard wood ; that which is engraved ; 
an impression from an engraved 
plate. 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ENGROSS 



266 



ENSILAGE 



engross (-gros'), v.t. to purchase in 
the gross or bulk; monopolize; write 
in a large distinct round hand. 

engulf, same as ingulf. 

enhance (-nans'), v.t. to raise in 
esteem; advance; heighten in price 
or value. 

enharmonic (-har-mon'ik), adj. pro- 
ceeding by smaller intervals than a 
semitone. Also enharmonical. 

enharmonic scale (skal), n. a mus- 
ical scale having more than 12 tones 
to the octave. 

enhydrite (-hi'drit), n. any mineral 
containing water. 

enigma (e-nig'ma), n. a riddle. 

enigmatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to an enigma; obscure or puzzling. 
Also enigmatical. 

enjoin (-join'), v.t. to direct with 
authority or urgency ; enforce; pro- 
hibit or restrain by an injunction. 

enjoy (-joi'), v.t. to feel or perceive 
with pleasure; have the use or pos- 
session of. 

enkindle (-kin'dl), v.t. to set on fire; 
rouse. 

enlarge (-larj'), v.t. to make larger; 
extend in limits or dimensions; am- 
plify; extend to more purposes or 
uses; release from confinement; di- 
late upon: v.i. to become larger; 
expatiate. 

enlighten (-llt'n), v.t. to illuminate; 
make clear to the mind; furnish 
with increased knowledge; elevate 
morally or spiritually. 

enlist (-list 7 ), v.t. to enroll, as for 
military service; register; gain 
over, or employ in some cause: v.i. 
to engage one's self for military 
service. 

enliven (-liv'n), v.t. to make vigor- 
ous, active, or vivacious; exhilarate; 
inspirit. 

en masse (ang mas'), collectively; 

altogether. 
enmity (-mi'ti), n. [pi. enmities 

(-tiz) ], animosity; hatred; hostility; 

ill-will. 
ennoble (-no'bl), v.t. to make noble; 



dignify; exalt; make famous or il- 
lustrious. 

ennui (ang-we'), languor of mind; 
listlessness. 

enormity (e-nor'mi-ti), n. [pi. enor- 
mities (-tiz) ], something outrageous 
or extremely immoderate; an atroc- 
ity. 

enormous ('mus), adj. excessive; 
very great; immense; huge; . ex- 
tremely wicked. 

en passant (ang pas-sang'-), by the 
way. 

enough (e-nuf), adj. sufficient: n. a 
sufficiency: adv. so as to be suffi- 
cient; very; quite: inter j. stop! 

enquire, same as inquire. 

enrage (en-raj'), v.t. to throw into a 
rage. 

enrail (-ral'), v.t. to place a car 
upon rails: opposed to derail. 

en rapport (ang rap-por'), in sym- 
pathy with (with with). 

enrapt (-rapt'), adj. enraptured. 

enrapture (-rap'tur), v.t. to trans- 
port with delight; please intensely; 
charm. 

en regie (ang ra'gl), in due order. 

enrich (en-rich'), v.t. to make rich; 
fertilize; store; adorn. 

enrobe (-rob'), v.t. to clothe; invest. 

enroll (-rol'), v.i. to insert in a reg- 
ister; enlist; record. Also enrol. 

en route (ang root'), on the way. 

ens (enz), n. [pi. entia (en'shi-a) ], 
an entity; existence; being. 

ensanguine (en-sang'gwin), v.t. \ 
smear or cover with blood. 

ensconce (-skons'), v.t. to hide; fix 
securely or comfortably; settle. 

ensemble (ang-sang'bl), the whole. 

enshrine (en-shrm'), v.t. to place in 
a shrine; keep sacred, 

ensheathe (sheth'), v.t. to sheathe. 

enshroud (-shroud'), v.t. to cover 
with, or as with, a shroud; conceal. 

ensiform ('si-form), adj. sword- 
shaped. 

ensign ('sin), n. a flag; badge; the 
lowest rank in the navy. 

ensilage ('si-laj), n. fodder or vege- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ENSLAVE 



267 



ENTAILS 



table produce stored in a silo: v.t. 
to preserve in a silo. 

enslave (-slav'), v.t. to bring into, 
or reduce to, slavery; enthrall. 

ensnare (-snar'), v.t. to take in, or as 
in, a snare; take by craft; allure. 

ensue (-sii'), v.i. to follow as a con- 
sequence; succeed. 

en suite (ang swet'), in a series. 

ensure, same as insure. 

entablature (-tab'la-tur), n. the 
whole parts on the top of a pillar or 
column, composed of architrave, 
frieze, and cornice. 

entail (en-taT), n. an estate in fee 
limited to a particular heir or heirs: 
v.t. to leave or settle, as if by en- 
tail; involve; necessitate. 

entangle (tang'gl), v.t. to involve; 
tangle; ensnare; perplex; bewilder. 

entente (an-tanf), n. (Fr.), an 
understanding, politically, between 
nations. 

enteric (-ter'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or situated near, the intestines. 

enteritis (-I'tis), n. inflammation of 
the small intestines. 

enterozoa (-ter-6-zo'a), n.pl. intes- 
tinal parasites. 

enterprise ('ter-priz), n. an un- 
dertaking of importance or risk; 
boldness; energy and invention. 

enterprising (-ing), n. adventurous, 
energetic, and progressive. 

entertain (-tan'), v.t. to receive and 
treat hospitably; afford diversion 
to; keep in the mind; take into con- 
sideration: v.i. to receive guests 
hospitably. 

entertainment ('ment), n. the act 
of entertaining; hospitality at table; 
a feast or banquet ; a diverting per- 
formance; amusement. 

enthrall (-thrawl'), v.t. to enslave; 
bring or hold under some overmas- 
tering influence. 

enthrone (-thron'), v.t. to place on 
a throne; invest with sovereign 
power and authority. 

enthuse (-thuz'), v.t. to render en- 
thusiastic: v.i. manifest enthusiasm. 



enthusiasm (-thu'zi-azm), n. eleva- 
tion of fancy; ardor of mind; fer- 
vent zeal; fanaticism. 

enthusiast ('zi-a£t), n. one who is 
filled with enthusiasm; one who 
thinks himself to be inspired; a 
visionary ; fanatic . 

enthusiastic (-as'tik), adj. given to, 
or characterized by, enthusiasm; ar- 
dent; zealous. 

entice (-tis'), v.t. to attract or allure; 
tempt. 

entire (-tir'), adj. complete in all 
parts; whole; undivided or un- 
broken; unalloyed; consisting of one 
piece: adv. entirely; wholly: n. the 
whole; entire beer. 

entirety ('ti), n. completeness; the 
whole. 

entitle (en-ti'tl), v.t. to give a title, 
name, or designation to; style; give 
a right to. 

entity ('ti-ti), n. [pi. entities (-tiz) ], 
anything that exists, Or is supposed 
to exist; being. 

ento, ent, a prefix forming many 
compounds with scientific words, 
meaning within, interior. 

entomb (en-toom'), v.t. to place in, 
or as in, a tomb. 

entombment ('ment), n. the act of 
placing in a tomb. 

entomoid ('to-moid), adj. resembling 
an insect. 

entomology (-to-mol'o-ji), n. that 
branch of zooolgy which treats of 
insects and their habits. i 

entomologist (-jist), n. a student of 
entomology. 

entomophagus (-mof'a-gus), adj. 
insect-eating. 

entonic (-ton'ik), adj. having great 
tension; strained. 

entourage (ang-too-razh'), n. asso- 
ciates, surroundings. 

entr'acte (ang'tr-akt), n. the interval 
between the acts of a play or opera; 
a musical interlude. 

entozoon (-to-zo'on), n. [pi. entozoa 
('a) ], a parasite living in the in- 
testines of another animal. 
entrails ('tralz), n.pl. the intestines. 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, 2Aen. 



ENTRAIN 268 EPENTHESIS 

entrain (-tran'), v.t. to dispatch enunciator ('shi-a-ter), one who 

(troops) by train. enunciates or declares. 

entrance ('trans), n. the act of envelop (-vel'up), v.t. to surround 

entering; a passage; avenue; the with, or as with, a wrapper; hide; 

entry of a ship, or goods, at the cover, 

custom house of a port. envelope (en'vel-op), n. a case or 

entrap (-trap'), v.t. to take in, or wrapper, usually gummed, for safe 

as in, a trap; inveigle; ensnare. conveyance of a letter by post, &c; 

entreat (-tret), v.t. to solicit ear- covering; wrapper; an investing in- 

nestly; importune; beseech. tegument; exterior fortified works. 

entreaty (-tret'i), n. [pi. entreaties envelopment (-vel'up-ment), n. the 
('iz) ], an earnest petition or request; act of enveloping; a covering; wrap- 
prayer, per. 

entree (ang-tra'), n. entrance; ad- envenom (-ven'um), v.t. make poison- 
mission; a subordinate or side dish. ous; infuse venom into; embitter. 

entremets (ang-tr-ma/), n. pi. side enviable ('vi-a-bl), adj. exciting envy; 

dishes; a made dish. capable of awakening the desire to 

entrench, same as intrench. possess. 

entre nous (ang'tr noo), confiden- envious ('vi-us), adj. feeling, or 

tially. characterized by, envy; jealous. 

entre pas (pa), n. an amble. environ (-vi'run), v.t. to surround or 

entre-pot (ang'tr-po), n. a commer- inclose; encompass; hem in: n.pl. 

cial center for the distribution of places near a town or city ; suburbs, 

goods; a free port where foreign environment (-ment), n. that which 

merchandise is kept in bond. surrounds; external circumstances 

entrust, same as intrust. of an organism. 

entry (en'tri), n. [pi. entries ('triz) ], envoy ('voi), n. a diplomatic repre- 
an entrance; passage; entree; the sentative, second in rank to an am- 
act of entering and inscribing in a bassador; one sent on a special mis- 
book; item; the act of taking right- sion. 

ful possession of lands or tenements, envy ('vi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. envied, 

or feloniously entering another's p.pr. envying], to grudge; feel dis- 

premises. pleasure at the excellence or prosperi- 

entwine (-twin'), v.L to twine around; ty of; covet: v.i. to feel or exhibit 

twist together. envy: n. malice, ill-will; displeasure 

enumerate (e-nti'mer-at), v.t. to felt at the excellence of another; 

reckon or name singly; count; go object of envy, 

over in detail. enwrap (-rap'), v.t. to wrap up. 

enumeration (-a'shun), n. the act enzootic (-zo-ot'ik), adj. pertaining 

of numbering; counting up; a cata- to a disease which affects animals of 

logue; list. a particular district. 

enunciable (-nun'shi-a-bl), adj. car epact (e'pakt), n. the excess of the 

pable of being enunciated. solar over the lunar month, about 

enunciate ('shi-at), v.t. to declare U ? a ^ s in * he y ea ^- 

or proclaim; utter; express; speak. ©Payment (e-pawl ment), n. a side- 

.. / -/ u \ j n -j. work to protect troops m flank. 

Cn £T a V° n J" a + Shun) + ' U ' ? ef Ti? ° r *Paulet (ep'aw-let), n. an ornamental 

tt Ztfl^t vT nt; artlcu l atlor ?; badge sometimes worn on the shoul- 

ttZ^A a P r °P° sltlon 1S der by naval and military officers, 

expressea. epenthesis (-en'the-sis), n. the in- 

enunciative ( shi-a-tiv), adj. declar- sertion of a letter or syllable in the 

atory. middle of a word. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



. 






EPERGNE 269 EPISPERM 

epergne (e-pern'), n. an ornamental epigenesis (-jen'e-sis), n. the hypoth- 

stand with a dish and branches for esis that the germ is created by the 

holding flowers, &c. division or segmentation of a fecun- 

ephemera (ef-em'e-ra), n. [pi. eph- dated egg-cell. 

emerse (-re) ], that which exists but epiglottis (-glot'is), n. the leaf- 

for a day; a May-fly. shaped cartilage which covers the 

ephemeral ('er-"al), adj. existing upper part of the larynx in the act 

only for a day; short-lived. of swallowing. 

ephemeris ('er-is), n. [pi. ephemer- epigram ('i-gram), n. a verse or 

ides (-mer'i-dez) ], an astronomical short poem ending in some ingenious 

almanac showing the daily positions or witty turn; a pithy phrase. 

of the sun, moon, and planets. epigrammatic (-at'ik), adj. pertain- 

ephod (ef'od), n. a priestly vestment ing to, or of the nature of, an epi- 

worn by the Jewish high priest. gram ; pointed. Also epigrammatical. 

ephor (ef'er), n. [pi. ephori (-1), epigraph ('i-graf), n. an inscription 

ephors ('erz) ], one of the five Spar- on a building, monument, &c; a 

tan magistrates. motto or quotation prefixed to a 

epic (ep'ik), adj. heroic; narrative; literary work. 

said of a poem: n. a narrative poem epilepsy ('i-lep-si), n. a chronic ner- 

of some heroic deed or event. vous disease accompanied by loss of 

epicarp ('i-karp), n. the outer layer consciousness and convulsions. 

or skin of a fruit. epileptic ('tik), adj. pertaining to, 

epicene ('i-sen), adj. of common or affected with, epilepsy: n. one af- 

gender : n. a noun common to both fected with epilepsy. 

genders. epilogue ('i-log), n. a poem or 

epicranium (-i-kra'ni-um), n. the speech at the conclusion of a play. 

scalp of the cranium or skull. epiornis (-or'nis), n. a gigantic fos- 

epicure ('i-kur), n. one devoted to sil bird. 

luxury, especially of a dainty kind. Epiphany (e-pif'a-ni), n. a Church 
epicurean (-ku-re'an), adj. luxu- festival (Jan. 6) to commemorate 

rious; devoted to the pleasures of the visit of the Magi to Bethlehem, 

the table: n. a voluptuary; gormand; and the manifestation of Christ to 

epicure. the Gentiles. 

epicycle ('i-si-kl), n. a small circle episcopacy (e-pis'ko-pa-si), n. church 

whose center is situated on the cir- government by bishops; prelacy. 

cumference of a greater circle. episcopal ('ko-pal), adj. pertaining 

epidemic (-i-dem'ik), adj. attacking to, or characterized by, episcopacy; 

many at the same time: said of a vested in a bishop. 

disease: n. a disease having this episcopalian (-pa/lian), adj. per- 

characteristic. taining to episcopacy. 

epidermal (-der'mal), adj. pertaining Episcopalian adj. pertaining to the 

to the epidermis. Also epidermic. Protestant Episcopal Church : n. a 

epidermis ('mis), n. the cuticle or member o T supporter of such Church. 

scarf skin; the outer coating or episcopate (ko-pat), n. the office 

bark of a plant. and dignity of a bishop; bishopric. 

, . ... N ,. , A . episode (epi-sod), n. an incident; a 
epigamic (ep-i-gam ik), adj. relating digression, or incidental narrative. 

to the efforts among animals to at- episodic (-sod'ik), adj. pertaining to 

tract mates in the pairing season. an episode; adventitious. Also epi- 

epigastrium (ep-i-gas'tri-um), n. a sodical. 

portion of the abdomen; the walls episperm (-sperm), n. the outer cov- 

of the stomach and the stomach. ering of a seed. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



EPISTLE 



270 



EQUIPAGE 



die of the earth and divides it into 
two equal parts.^ 

equatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to the equator: n. a telescope 
mounted on two axes, one axis being 
parallel to the axis of the earth's 
rotation: used for keeping any star 
constantly in the field independent \y 
of the earth's rotation. 

equerry (ek'wer-i), n. [pi. equerries 
(-iz) ], an officer in the house of a 
prince or nobleman, who attends 
him in public, and has the super- 
vision of his horses. 

equestrian (e-kwes'tri-an), adj. per- 
taining to horses or horsemanship; 
performing with horses: n. one 
skilled in horsemanship. 

equestrienne (-kwes-tri-en'), n. a 
skillful horsewoman. 

equi, a prefix meaning equal, equally, 
same, found in many words, the 
sense of which is usually self-evi- 
dent, as egmangular, equidistant, 
egmform, &c. 

equilateral (e-kwi-lat'er-al), adj. 
having all the sides equal: n. a fig- 
ure with equal sides. 

equilibrator (e-kwi-li'bra-ter), n. that 
which conduces to equilibrium. Tail 
of a flying machine. 

equilibrium (-lib'ri-um), n. equali- 
ty of weight, power, force, &c.; 
equipoise 

equine (e'kwin), adj. pertaining to, 
or resembling, a horse or horses. 

equinoctial (-kwi-nok'shal), adj. per- 
taining to the equinoxes: n, the 
equinoctial line. 

equinox ('kwi-noks), n. the point of 
intersection of the ecliptic and the 
equator; the time the sun enters 
one of the two equinoctial points 
when the days and nights are of 
equal duration, 
matics, a proposition expressing the equip (e-kwip'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 



epistle (e-pis'l), n. a letter; a writ- 
ten communication or message. 

epistolary ('to-la-ri), adj. pertaining 
to letters. 

epitaph (ep'i-taf), n. a memorial in- 
scription on a tomb or monument. 

epithet ('i-thet), n. an adjective de- 
noting any quality either good or 
bad; appellation. 

epitome (e-pit'o-me), n. a summary; 
abridgment; compendium. 

epitomize ('o-miz), v.t. to describe 
briefly; condense. 

epizoan (ep-i-zo'an), n. [pi. epizoa 
('a) ], a parasitic animal which 
lives on the exterior of another ani- 
mal. 

epizootic (ep-i-zo-ot'ik), adj. parasit- 
ic on animals; prevailing among 
animals. 

epoch (e'pok), n. a point of time 
from which succeeding years are 
reckoned; era; date. 

epode (ep'od), n. the last part of an 
ode; a burden or refrain in music. 

eponym ('o-nim), n. the presumed 
ancestor or founder of a race, tribe, 
city, nation, &c. ; surname. 

epsom salts ('sum sawltz), n.pl. sul- 
phate of magnesia. 

equability (e-kwa-bil'i-ti), adj. even- 



equable ('kwa-bl), adj. uniform; 
consistently equal; proportionate. 

equality (-kwal'i-ti), n. [pi. equalities 
(-tiz) ], the state of being equal; 
uniformity; evenness; equability. 

equalize ('kwa-liz), v.t. to make 
equal; render uniform. 

equanimity (-kwa-nim'i-ti), n. even- 
ness of temper or mind; calmness. 

equate (-kwaf), v.t. to reduce to an 
average; put in the form of an equa- 
tion. 

equation (-kwa'shun), n. in mathe- 



equality of two quantities, the sign 
= being placed between them; a 
representation of a chemical reac- 
tion expressed by symbols. 
equator (-kwa'ter), n. the imaginary 
circle which passes round the mid- 




equipped, p.pr. equipping], to fur- 
nish or fit out; accoutre; prepare or 
qualify. 
equipage (ek'wi-paj), n. the arms 
and outfit of an army, vessel, trav- 
eler, &c. ; the carriage, horse, liver- 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



EQUIPMENT 



271 



EROTICISM 



ied servants of a person of rank or 
gentleman. 
equipment (e-kwip'ment), n. arti- 
cles or supplies necessary for any- 
particular service; arms, horses, &c, 
required for military service; roll- 
ing-stock or plant of a railway. 
equipoise (e'kwi-poiz), n. equilibri- 
um; equality of weight. 
equiponderant (-pon'der-ant), adj. 

of the same weight. 
equitable (ek'wi-ta-bl), adj. impar- 
tial; just. 
equity ('wi-ti), n. [pi. equities (-tiz) ], 
justice; ; just regard to right or 
claim; impartiality; the adminis- 
tration of law according to its spirit 
and not according to the letter. 
equivalence (e-kwiv'a-lens), n. equal- 
ity of value or power; in chemistry, 
the property of having equal valency. 
Equivalency. 
equivalent ('a-lent), adj. equal in 
value or power; the same in signifi- 
cance or effect; commensurate: n. a 
thing of the same value, . weight, 
power, effect, &c. 
equivocal ('o-kal), adj. of a doubt- 
ful or double significance; ambigu- 
ous; open to suspicion or doubt; 
uncertain. 

[uivocate ('o-kat), v.i. to use words 
of double meaning; prevaricate. 

(e'ra), n. the point of time from 
which a series of years is reckoned; 
jriod; the beginning of a new geo- 
)gical system or formation. 
licate (e-rad'i-kat), v.t. to de- 
:roy thoroughly; exterminate. 
se (-ras'), v.t. to obliterate by, or 
by, scratching, or blotting out; 
mnge. 
jer (-ra'ser), n. a knife or pre- 
ired india-rubber for rubbing out 
)encil-marks, &c. 
jure ('zhur), n. the act of erasing. 
erbium (er'bi-um), n. a rare metal; 

one of the elements. 
ere (ar), conj. & -prep, before; sooner 

than. 
Erebus (er'e-bus), n. a place of utter 
darkness; Hades. 



erect (e-rekt'), v.t. to raise upjsighfr; 
construct; build; raises establish; 
distend or* stiffen: adj. upright; 
firmly uplifted; bold or unshaken. 

erectile (-rek'til), adj. having the 
property of, or susceptible to, erec- 
tion. 

erection ('shun), n. the act of con- 
structing or raising edifices; a struc- 
ture or building. 

erective ('tiv), adj. tending, or serv- 
ing, to erect, or to build up 

erector ('ter), n. one who erects; a 
muscle that erects any part. 

eremite, another form of hermit. 

erethism (er'e-thizm), n. unnatural 
excitation of some organ or tissue 
of the body. 

erg (erg), n. a unit of work in the 
centimeter-gram-second system. Also 
ergon. # 

ergmeter ('me-ter)fn. an instrument 
for measuring the strength of an 
electric current in ergs. 

ergo (er'go), adv. therefore; conse- 
quently. 

ergometer (-gom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring work per- 
formed or force produced. 

ergot ('got), n. a black horn-like 
fungus, growing upon rye, &c. 

erinite ('in-it), *n. a rich emerald- 
green arseniate of copper. 

ermine (er'min), n. a weasel-like 
animal, much valued for_ its fur, 
which becomes white in winter, .ex- 
cept the tip of the tail, which re- 
mains black; the emblem, dignity, 

. or office of a judge. 

ern (ern), n. an eagle. Also erne. 

erode (e-rod'), v.t. to eat away; cor- 
rode. 

erose (-ros'), adj. toothed irregularly, 
as if gnawed away: said of a leaf. 

erosion (-ro'zhun), n. the act of 
eroding; gradual destruction or eat- 
ing away; an eroded part. 

erostrate (-ros'trat), adj. beakless. 

erotic (-rot'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
caused by, love; amorous: n. an 
amatory poem or composition. 

eroticism (e-rot'i-sizm), n. an ab- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ERR 



272 



ESPERANTO 



normal emphasis of sex and sexual 
relations. 
err (er), v.i. to commit an error or 
mistake; wander; deviate from the 
path of rectitude. 

errand (er'and), n. a message; com- 
mission. 

errant ('rant), adj. roving; wandering. 

errantry (-ri), n. knight-errantry. 

erratic (-rat'ik), adj. wandering; 
irregular; eccentric: n.pl. boulders 
transported by natural agencies 
from their original site. 

erratum (-ra'tum), n. [pi. errata ('ta) ], 
an error in printing or writing. 

erroneous (-ro'ne-us), adj. character- 
ized by error; incorrect; mistaken; 
wrong. 

error ('er), n. deviation from the truth ; 
mistake; blunder; an irregularity. 

Erse (ers), adj. pertaining to the Kelts 
of Ireland or Scotland, or to their 
language. 

erst (erst), adv. formerly. 

eructation (e-ruk-ta'shun), n. the 
act of throwing off wind from the 
stomach. 

erudite (er'u-dlt), learned. 

erudition (-dish'un), n. knowledge 
obtained by the study of books; 
learning. 

erupted (e-rupt'ed), adj. violently 
ejected. 

eruptive (-rup'tiv), adj. bursting 
forth. 

erysipelas (er-i-sip'e-las), n. an in- 
flammation of the skin, accompanied 
with fever. 

escadrille (es-ka-dril), n. French, a- 
small squadron; applied to a group 
of aeroplanes. 

escalade (es-ka-lad'), n. the act of 
scaling the walls of a fortified place 
by means of scaling-ladders. 

escalator (es-ka-la-ter), n. a stairway 
which moves, carrying the person 
ascending, constructed on the end- 
less chain principle. 

escallop. Same as scallop. 

escapade (-pad'), n. a breach of pro- 
priety; misdeed; freak. 

escape (-kap'), v.t. to flee from; get 



out of the way of; avoid; enjojr 
immunity from: v.i. to get out of 
danger; fly: n. getting away from 
danger; flight; deliverance 
escapement ('ment), n. a mechani- 
cal device for securing regularity of 
movement. 
escarp (-karp'), v.t. to give a steep 
slope to: n. the side of the ditch next 
the rampart forming a steep slope. 

escarpment ('ment), n. the precipi- 
tous face of a ridge of high land. 

escheat (-chet), v.t. to forfeit through 
failure of heirs: v.i. to revert to 
the crown or lord of the manor by 
reason of forfeiture of heirs. 

eschew (-chu'), v.t. to shun; avoid. 

escorial (es-ko'ri-al), n. a worked- 
out mine. 

escort (es'kdrt), n. a body of armed 
men. acting as a guard; a retinue: 
v.t. (es-kort') to accompany; con- 
voy. 

escritoire (-kri-twar'), n. a writing 
desk, table, or bureau. 

esculent ('ku-lent), adj. eatable. 

Escurial (es-koo'ri-al), n. a notable 
palace near Madrid, Spain. Built 
in the form of a gridiron, on which 
St. Lawrence suffered martyrdom. 

escutcheon (-kuch'un), n. a shield 
on which the heraldic arms of a 
family are emblazoned. 

Eskimo ('ki-mo), adj. pertaining to 
one of a tribe of diminutive people 
inhabiting Greenland and adjacent 
parts. Also Esquimau. 

esophagus (e-sof'a-gus), n. the gul- 
let or canal through which food and 
drink pass to the stomach. Also 
oesophagus. 

esoteric (es-6-ter'ik), adj. pertaining 
to doctrines taught privately; se- 
cret; confidential. 

espaliers (-pal'yerz), n.pl. fruit trees 
trained on a trellis. 

especial (-pesh'al), adj. particular; 
chief. 

Esperanto (es-per-an'to), n. an ec- 
lectic, artificial language, based on 
root-words from several languages, 
chiefly those derived from the Latin 



ate, arm, ask, atj awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ESPIONAGE 



273 



ETCH 



tongue. Designed for international 
usage. 

espionage ('pi-o-aaj), n. the act or 
practice of spying to detect wrong- 
doing, or of employing spies or se- 
cret agents. 

esplanade (-pla-nad'), n. a level 
walk or drive, especially by the sea- 
side ; a lawn ; glacis. 

espousal (-pouz'al), adj. pertaining 
to the act of espousing: n. the act 
of espousing or betrothing: pi. the 
ceremony of contracting a man and 
woman to each other in marriage. 

espouse (-pouz'), v.t. to promise, en- 
gage, or give in marriage; wed; 
adopt; advocate or defend, as a 
cause. 

esprit de corps (-pre' de kor'), a 
spirit of common devotion, honor, 
interest, binding together men of 
the same profession, society, &c. 

espy (-pi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. espied, 
p.pr. espying], to see at a distance; 
discover (something intended to be 
hid); see unexpectedly. 

esquimau, same as Eskimo. 

Esquire (-kwir'), n. originally the ar- 
mor-bearer or attendant on a knight; 
a title next below a knight; a title 
applied to professional men, justices 
of the peace, and often used instead 
of Mr. in the address of a letter. 

essay ('sa), n. a short written com- 
position or treatise; an attempt; 
experiment: v.t. (es-sa'), [p.t. & 
p.p. essayed, p.pr. essaying], to try 
or attempt. 

essence ('ens), n. the concentrated 
preparation of any substance; vola- 
tile matter; perfume; that in which 
the real character of a thing con- 
sists. 

essential (-sen'shal), adj. necessary 
to the existence of a thing; most 
important; indispensable; pure; 
volatile; highly rectified. 

establish (-tab'lish), v.t. to fix firm- 
ly; settle; prove legally; strengthen; 
restore. 

establishment (-ment), n. the act 



of establishing; ratification; settle- 
ment; a place of residence or busi- 
ness; household; income; a form of 
religion connected with the state. 

estate (-tat'), n. condition of life; 
rank, position, or quality; the title 
or interest one has in lands or tene- 
ments; property in general: pi. or- 
ders or classes of men in a country; 
a legislative assembly composed of 
these classes. 

esteem (-tern'), v.t. to set a high 
value upon; respect; prize; con- 
sider: n. favorable opinion; estima- 
tion; respect; reverence. 

esthetics, same as aesthetics. 

estimable ('ti-ma-bl), adj. worthy of 
regard, esteem, or honor; calculable. 

estimate ('ti-mat), v.t. to compute; 
determine the value of: n. the com- 
puted cost or value of anything; 
appraisement. 

estimation (-ma/shun), n. calcula- 
tion; appraisement; honor, respect, 
or esteem; conjecture. 

estop (-top'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. es- 
topped, p.pr. estopping], to place 
under estoppel; bar. 

estoppel ('el), n. a legal impediment. 

estovers (-to'verz), n.pl. alimony ; wood 
taken for his own use by a tenant. 

estrade (-trad'), n. a level place; a 
slightly raised platform. 

estrange (-tranj'), v.t. to alienate; 
keep at a distance; turn from kind- 
ness to indifference or enmity (with 
from). 

estrapade (-tra-pad'), n. the effort 
of a horse in trying to throw his 
rider, by kicking, rearing, &c. 

estrich ('trich), n. a trade name for 
fine ostrich down. 

estuarial (-tu-a'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or formed in, an estuary. 
Also estuarine. 

estuary ('tu-a-ri), n. [pi. estuaries 
(-riz) ], the mouth of a tidal river. 

et caetera (et set'er-a), and others of 
the same kind ; and so forth. Also 
et cetera. 

etch (ech), v.t. to engrave by biting 
out with an acid the design previous- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ETERNAL 



274 



EUPHEMISM 



ly drawn with an etching needle: v.i. 
to practice etching. 

eternal (e-ter'nal), adj. without be- 
ginning or end; everlasting; per- 
petual; incessant. 

Eternal, n. an appellation of God 
(with the). 

eternity ('ni-ti), n. [pi. eternities 
(-tiz) ], infinite duration; unending 
existence. 

etesian (e-te'zhi-an), adj. noting the 
north or northeast wind which in 
early spring prevails over Europe. 

ether (e'ther), n. an extremely fine 
fluid, lighter than air, supposed to 
pervade all space beyond the atmos- 
phere of the earth; a volatile in- 
flammable liquid produced by the 
distillation of alcohol with sulphuric 
acid. 

ethereal (-the're-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or formed of, ether; airy; ex- 
quisite; heavenly. 

ethical (eth'i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
ethics; moral. Also ethic. 

ethics ('iks), n.pl. the science that 
treats of the principles of human 
morality and duty; moral philoso- 
phy; morals. 

Ethiopian (-thi-o'pi-an), adj. per- 
taining to Ethiopia: n. a native of 
Ethiopia. 

ethmoid (eth'moid), n. a light, 
spongy, sieve-like bone, which forms 
the roof of the nose. 

ethnic ('nik), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, races or peoples. 
Also ethnical. 

ethnography (-nog'ra-fi), n. the sci- 
entific description of races and na- 
tions of mankind. 

ethology (-ol'o-ji), n. the science of 
ethics. 

ethos (e'thos), n. the characteristic 
genius of a people, institution, or 
system. 

etiolate (e'ti-o-lat), v.t. to blanch or 
whiten by exclusion from sun- 
light. 

etiquette (et'i-ket), n. the conven- 
tional rules or ceremonial observed 
in polite society; good breeding. 



etymological (et-i-mo-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to etymology. 

etymologist ^ (-niol'o-jist), n. one 
who i s proficient in etymology . Also 
etymologer. 

etymologize (-mol'o-jiz), v.i. to in- 
vestigate the origin and primary 
meaning of words. 

etymology ('o-ji), n. [pi. etymolo- 
gies (-jiz) ], that branch of philolo- 
gy which treats of the origin and 
derivation of words; that part of 
grammar which treats of the parts 
of speech and their inflections. 

etymon ('i-mon), n. the root of a 
word or its primitive signification. 

Eucalyptus ('tus), n. [pi. Eucalypti 
('ti) ], a genus of Australian ever- 
green trees, some species of which 
furnish gum and a valuable medi- 
cine. 

Eucharist > (u'ka-rist), n. the Holy 
Communion; the sacrament of the 
Lord's Supper; the elements, bread 
and wine, used in that sacrament. 

euchre ('ker), n. a particular game 
of cards, those between seven and 
ace being discarded: v.t. to prevent 
(an opponent at euchre) from tak- 
ing three of the five tricks: hence 
to outwit. 

eudiometer (-di-om'e-ter) , n. a grad- 
uated instrument for measuring the 
volume of a gas. 

eugenics (u-jen'iks), n. the science 
relating to the betterment of the 
human race by improving conditions 
as to conception, gestation and 
birth. 

eulogist (-iist), n. one who eulogizes. 

eulogize ('lo-jiz), v.t. to praise high- 
ly; commend. 

eulogy (-ji), n. [pi. eulogies (-jiz) ], 
the praise of anyone spoken or writ- 
ten; panegyric. 

eunuch ('nuk), n. a castrated per- 
son, especially an attendant in a 
harem. 

euphemism ('fem-izm), n. the sub- 
stitution of a delicate or pleasing 
expression in place of that which is 
offensive or indelicate. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b53n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






EUPHEMISTIC 



275 



EVERGREEN 



euphemistic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining 
to, or characterized by, euphemism. 

euphonic (-fon'ik), adj. sounding 
pleasantly to the e r. Also euphoni- 
cal, euphonious. 

euphonium (-fo'ni-um), n. a bass 
brass instrument; a musical instru- 
ment consisting of glass tubes unit- 
ed by metal bars. 

euphony ('fo-ni), n. [pi. euphonies 
(-niz) ], an agreeable sound, or pro- 
nunciation. 

euphuism ('fu-izm), n. the pedantic 
or affected use of words or language. 

Eurasian (ii-ra/zhan), adj. pertaining 
to a person whose parentage is 
partly European and partly Asiatic. 

eureka (ii-re'ka), n. originally a 
Greek word meaning "I have found 
it." 

eurhythmies (u-rith'miks), n. physi- 
cal expression of music; rhythmic 
training of the body in response to 
musical values. 

European (-ro-pe'an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Europe. 

eustachian (-staTd-an), adj. noting 
a tube which leads from the cavity 
of the tympanum of the ear to the 
pharynx. 
' eutectic (-tek'tik), adj. melting at a 
low temperature. 

euthanasia (-than-a/zhi-a), n. a 
painless, easy death. Also euthanasy. 

euthenics (u-then'iks), n. the study 
of environmental conditions that 
tend to improve the race; comple- 
mentary to eugenics. 

evacuate (e-vak'u-at), v.t. to make 
void or empty; discharge through 
the excretory passages; abandon 
possession, or withdraw from. 

evade (-vad'), v.t. to elude; escape 
by artifice, stratagem, or sophistry. 

evadible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing evaded. Also evadable. 

evanescent (ev-a-nes'ent), adj. dis- 
appearing gradually from sight; 
vanishing. 

evangel (e-van'jel), n. good news, 
especially that of the Gospel. 

evangelical ('ik-al', adj. pertaining 



to the Gospel, or the four Gospels; 
maintaining the fundamental doc- 
trines of the Protestant faith; spir- 
itually minded. Also evangelic: n, 
one who holds evangelical doctrines* 

evangelism ('jel-izm), n. the doctrine 
and preaching of evangelical princi- 
ples. Also evangelicalism. 

evangelist (-ist), n. one of the four 
writers of the Gospel; an itinerant 
preacher. 

evangelize ('jel-iz), v.t. to instruct in 
the Gospel; convert to Christianity. 

evaporate (-vap'o-rat), v.i. to dis- 
perse in vapor; pass away with«Mtffr 
effect: v.t. to convert into vapor. 

evaporation (-ra'shun), n. the slow 
conversion of a fluid into vapor. 

evasion (-va'zhun), n. the act of 
evading; an excuse; equivocation; 
subterfuge. 

eve (ev), n. the fast or vigil before 
a church festival, or saint's day; 
the period immediately preceding 
some important event; evening 
[poet.]. 

evection (-vek'shun), n. a periodical 
irregularity of the moon's motion. 

evening ('vn-ing), n. the close of the 
day and beginning of the night; the 
latter end of life. 

evenly (-li), adv. in an even man- 
ner; smoothly; uniformly; impar- 
tially. 

event (-vent'), n. an occurrence; in- 
cident; consequence of an action; 
any single item in a program of 
sports or games. 

eventide (Vn-tid), n. evening. 

eventual (-ven'tii-al), adj. happening 
as a result; ultimate; contingent. 

eventuality C-ti), n. [pi. eventual- 
ities (-tiz) ], a possible occurrence; 
a propensity to take cognizance of 
events or facts. 

eventuate ('tu-at), v.i. to happen; 
terminate; result. 

everglade (-glad), n. a low, swampy 
tract of land, with patches of tall! 



evergreen (-gren), n. a tree or plant 
which retains its foliage throughout 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon,, 
book; hue, hut; think, Z&en. 



EVERLASTING 



276 



EXCEL 



the year: adj. always green, or 
fresh. 

everlasting (-last'ing), adj. perpet- 
ual: n. eternity; a plant whose flow- 
ers retain their color when dried; a 
kind of stout woolen material. 

evert (e-verf), v.t. to destroy; over- 
throw; turn outwards. 

evict (e-vikt'), v.t. to expel or dis- 
possess by legal process. 

eviction (-vik'shun), n. the act of 
evicting. 

evidence (ev'i-dens), n. indubitable 
certainty; proof; testimony: v.t. to 
prove; make evident or plain. 

evident (-dent), adj. plain; obvious. 

evil-eye (-1), n. an influence for in- 
jury, supposed to be exerted by cer- 
tain persons who cast a malignant 
glance at anyone. 

evince (e-vins'), v.t. to manifest or 
make evident; demonstrate. 

evincible (-vin'si-bl), adj. capable 
of proof or demonstration. 

eviscerate (-vis'er-at), v.t. to dis- 
embowel. 

evoke (-vok'), v.t. to call forth. 

evolution (ev-o-lu'shun), n. devel- 
opment or growth; the movements 
of troops in marching or on the bat- 
tlefield; the extraction of roots of 
any arithmetical or algebraical pow- 
er; the gradual development or de- 
scent of forms of life from simple 
or low organized types consisting of 
a single cell. 

evolutionist (-ist), adj. pertaining 
to evolution: n. one who maintains 
the doctrine of evolution; tactician. 

evolve (e-volv'), v.t. to develop; un- 
fold; expand; work out. 

ewe (u), n. a female sheep. 

ewer ('er), n. a large water jug, used 
in the toilet. 

ex, prefix, meaning out of, beyond, 
from; before words denoting occu- 
pation or office, it indicates previous 
occupancy. 

exact (egz-akf), adj. very correct or 
accurate; precise; methodical; strict; 
particular: v.t. require or claim 



authoritatively; compel to be paid; 
insist upon as a right. 

exacting ('ing), p. adj. making un- 
reasonable demands; oppressive; 
severe; arduous. 

exaction (-ak'shun), n. the aet of 
exacting; extortion. 

exaggerate (egz-aj'er-at), v.t. to en- 
large or heighten by overstatement; 
color highly. 

exalt (-awlf), v.t. to elevate in rank, 
station, or dignity; raise on high; 
glorify or extol. 

examine (-am 'in), v.t. to scrutinize 
or investigate^ carefully; search or 
inquire into; interrogate as a wit- 
ness; test orally or by papers the 
knowledge, qualifications, &c, of, as 
a candidate for a degree or office; 
experiment; analyze; test. 

examinee (-i-ne'), n. one who is ex- 
amined. 

example (-am'pl), n. a pattern; a 
model or copy; an illustration of a 
rule or precept; sample; specimen; 
one punished for the admonition of 
others. 

exasperate (egz-as'per-at), v.t. to 
irritate exceedingly; enrage great- 
ly; embitter; intensify: adj. cov- 
ered with hard, stiff points: said of 
a plant. 

ex cathedra (eks ka-the'dra), adv. 
with an air of official authority; 
dogmatically. 

excavate (eks'ka-vat), v.t. to dig or 
hollow out; scoop or cut out. 

excavation (-va/shun), n. a hollow 
cavity formed by cutting or digging 
out earth; an open earth-cutting. 

excavator (-va-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, excavates; a digging 
machine. 

exceed (ek-sed'), v.t. to go beyond the 
limit or measure of; surpass; excel; 
transcend: v.i. to be greater; go be- 
yond bounds. 

excel (-sel'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. excelled, 
p.pr. excelling], to possess good 
qualities in a great degree: v.t. sur- 
pass; outdo in comparison; to be 
superior to. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



_ 



EXCELLENCE 



277 



EXCLUSIVE 



ccellence (-ens), n. the state of ex- excisable (ek-siz'a-bl), adj. dutiable. 

excise (-siz'), v.t. to levy an excise 
duty upon: n. an inland tax levied 
on commodities of home production 
and consumption. 
excision (-sizh'un), n. the act of cut- 
ting out, or off; the state of being 
cut off; destruction; ruin; amputa- 
tion. 

desirable; eminently distinguished excitability (-sit-ta-bil'i-ti), n. [pi, 
for goodness, or ability. excitabilities (-tiz) ], the state or 

celsior ('si-er), adj. yet higher: n. quality of being excitable or easily 
long wood shavings used chiefly for stirred up ; sensitiveness to irritation, 
packing or stuffing. excitant (-si'tant), n. a stimulant. 

xcept (-sept'), v.t. to omit or leave excitation (-ta/shun), n. the act of 
out; exclude: v.i. to object (with exciting; the excitement produced. 
to): prep, omitting; without inclu- excite (-sit'), v.t. to animate; rouse 
sion of) besides: conj. unless. 
cception ('shun), n. the state of 
being excepted; omission; exclu- 
sion; objection; offense taken (with 
to) ; a formal objection to a decision 
of a court during trial, 
cceptionable (-a-bl), adj. objec- 
tionable. 
excerpt (-serpf), v.t. to take out or 
select from, as a book; quote: n. a 
selection or extract from a book or 
writing. 
access (-ses'), n. that which exceeds 
the ordinary limit, measure, or ex- 
perience; overplus; superfluity; in- 
temperance. 
excessive ('iv), adj. extreme; un- 
reasonable. 
exchange (eks-chanj'), v.t. to give in 
return for an equivalent; barter, 
give, resign, or abandon: n % the act 
of exchanging; barter; reciprocity; 
the act of resigning one thing for 
another; a place where merchants 
meet (often 'change). 
«change-broker (-bro'ker), n. a 
broker who negotiates foreign bills. 
(changeable ('a-bl), adj. that may 
be exchanged; ratable. 
cchanger ('er), n. a money-changer, 
cchequer (-chek'er), n. a treasury; 
cash or funds; formerly an English 



up; encourage; put into motion or 
action. 

excitement ('ment), n. the state of 
being excited; commotion; sensation; 
stimulation; warmth of temper. 

excito-motor (ek-si-to-mo'ter), adj. 
pertaining to that which induces 
nutrition by reflex action. 

exclaim (eks-klam'), v.i. & v.t. to cry- 
out abruptly and passionately; to 
vociferate. 

exclamation (-kla-ma'shun), n. an 
abrupt or clamorous outcry; an ex- 
pression of surprise, pain, &c; a 
mark (!) in writing or printing to 
denote emotion, surprise, &c. 

exclamatory (-klam'a-to-ri), adj. 
containing, expressing, or using, ex- 
clamation. 

exclave ('klav), n. a small part of a 
country lying within the territory of 
another power. 

exclude (-klud'), v.t. to shut out; 
hindsr from entrance or admission; 
prohibit; debar; except. 

exclusion (-klu'zhun), n. the act of 
excluding; the state of being ex- 
cluded; omission. 

exclusionist (-ist), n. one who would 
debar another from any privilege or 
right. 



court of law, now merged into the exclusive ('siv), adj. tending to ex- 
Queen's Bench division of the High elude; illiberal; shutting out from 
Court of Justice. limits fixed by law: n. one who ex- 

i, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



EXCOGITATE 



278 



EXEMPLAR 



eludes all but a few from his society 
or fellowship. 

excogitate (-koj'i-tat), v.t. to invent; 
discover by thinking. 

ex communicable (-kom-mu'ni-ka- 
bl), adj. deserving, or punishable 
by, excommunication. 

excommunicate ('ni-kat), v.t. to 
punish by cutting off from the mem- 
bership and communication of the 
church. 

excoriate (-ko'ri-at), v.t. to strip off 
the skin; rub or gall; abrade. 

excortication (-kor-ti-ka/shun), n. 
the act of stripping off bark. 

excrement ('kre-ment), n. matter 
discharged from the body of an ani- 
mal after digestion. 

excrementitious (tish'us), adj. per- 
taining to, or consisting of, excre- 
ment. 

excrescence (-kres'ens), n. an un- 
natural or disfiguring outgrowth. 

excrescent ('ent), adj. pertaining to 
an excrescence; superfluous. 

excreta (-kre'ta), n.pl. useless mat- 
ter eliminated from the body. 

excretion ('shun), n. the throwing 
off or ejection of waste matter from 
the body. 

excretory ('to-ri), adj. pertaining to 
excretion: n. [pi. excretories (-riz) ], 
a duct or vessel that transmits ex- 
creted matter. 

excruciate (-kru'shi-at), v.t. to in- 
flict severe pains upon; torture. 

excruciation (-a/shun), n. agony; 
torture. 

exculpate (-kul'pat), v.t. to clear from 
the imputation of a fault; exonerate 

exculpatory ('pa-to-ri), adj. vindi- 
catory. 

excurrent (-kur'ent), adj. running 
out beyond the edge: said of trees 
or leaves. 

excursion (-ker'shun), n. a pleasure 
trip; a short or rapid tour; a di- 
gression. 

excursus ('sus), n. a dissertation 
supplemental to a work, giving ad- 
ditional information on certain 
points; a digression. 



excusable (-kuz'a-bl), adv. pardonable. 

excuse (-kuz'), v.t. to extenuate by 
apology; pardon; free from obliga- 
tion or duty; remit; justify: n. 
(-kus') a plea offered in extenua- 
tion of some fault or neglect of 
duty; apology; pretext. 

exeat ('e-at), n. leave of absence 
from a college; permission granted 
by a bishop to a priest to depart 
from his diocese. 

execrate ('e-krat), v.t. to imprecate 
evil upon; detest; abhor. 

execration (-kra/shun), n. the act 
of execrating: imprecation; detesta- 
tion. 

execute ('e-ktit), v.t. to perform; 
carry into effect; put to death; pur- 
sue to the end; make valid or legal 
by signing or sealing: v.i. to per- 
form any act or office; play some 
piece of music. 

execution (-ku'shun), n. the act of 
executing; performance; manner of 
carrying anything into effect; com- 
pletion; a legal warrant or order; 
the act of giving validity to a legal 
instrument; capital punishment; 
destruction; effective work or oper- 
ation. 

executive (egs-ek'ti-tiv), adj. per- 
taining to the governing body; ad- 
ministrative; active: n. an official, 
or body, charged with carrying the 
laws into effect; the administrative 
branch of a government. 

executor ('ti-ter), n. a person ap- 
pointed by a testator to see that the 
terms of his will are duly carried 
out. Fern, executrix. 

executory ('u-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to the execution of laws; carrying 
out official duties: to be performed 
at a future period. 

exegesis (eks-e-je'sis), n. explana- 
tion or interpretation of a text or 
passage, especially of the Bible. 

exegetic (-jet'ik), adj. expository; 
interpretative. Also exegetical: n. 
pl. the science which deals with the 
interpretation of Scripture. 

exemplar (egz-em'plar), n. some- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



1 



EXEMPLARY 



279 



EXOGENOUS 



thing to be copied, or serving as a 
model; example. 

exemplary (-em'pla-ri), adj. serving 
as a copy or model; commendable. 

exemplification (-pli-fi-ka'shun), n. 
illustration by example. 

exemplify ('pli-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
exemplified, p.pr. exemplifying], to 
illustrate by example; transcribe. 

exempt (-empt'), v.t. to free from 
some duty or obligation; grant im- 
munity to : adj. free from some duty 
or obligation (with from): n. a 
person thus set free; an exon. 

exequatur (eks-e-kwa'ter), n. a 
written recognition of a consul or 
commercial agent given by the for- 
eign government to which he is 
accredited, authorizing him to exer- 
cise his authority in the place where 
he is stationed. 

exercise ('er-siz), v.t. to train by 
use; exert; practice; employ ac- 
tively; make anxious; harass: v.i. 
to undergo training: n. bodily exer- 
tion; mental or physical develop- 
ment; labor; practice; a lesson or 
example for practice. 

exercitor (egz-er'si-ter), n. the person 
to whom the profits of a ship belong. 

exergue (-erg'), n. the small space 
beneath the principal design on a 
coin or medal for the insertion of a 
date, &c. 

exert (-erf), v.t. to put forth; use 
with an effort. 

exeunt (eks'e-unt), they go out: a 
word used in plays to denote that 
the actors retire from the stage. 

exfoliation (-fo-li-a'shun), n. the 
act of scaling or peeling off. 

exhalation (eks-ha-la/shun), n. the 
act of exhaling; emanation. 

exhale (-hal'), v.t. to breathe forth; 
emit or send out; cause to evapo- 
rate; v.i. to rise in vapor. 

exhaust ^ (egz-awsf), v.t. to empty 
by drawing off the contents; drain; 
weaken ; wear out by exertion ; dis- 
cuss or treat thoroughly: adj. whol- 
ly or partially deprived of strength. 



exhaustible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being exhausted. 

exhibit (egz-ib'it and eks-hib'it), v.t. 
to present to view; display; show; 
manifest publicly; present formally 
or officially; administer: n. a legal 
document presented in proof of facts; 
an object offered for public view. 

exhibition (-hi-bish'un), n. the act 
of exhibiting; a pub he show; a pri- 
vate benefaction for the support of 
a scholar at a university. 

exhilarate (egz-il'a-rat and eks-hil'- 
a-rat), v.t. to make joyous, glad, or 
cheerful; enliven. 

exhort (egz-ort and eks-hort'), v.t. 
to incite by appeal or argument to 
good deeds; caution; admonish. 

exhortative ('a-tiv), adj. containing 
exhortation. 

exhort at ory ('a-to-ri), adj. tending 
to exhort. 

exhume (eks-htim'), v.t. to disinter. 

exigency (eks'i-j en-si), n. [pZ.j exi- 
gencies (-siz) ], pressing necessity or 
demand; urgency. 

exigent ('i-jent), adj. urgent; pressing. 

exile (ex'il), v.t. to banish from one's 
native country: n. the state of being 
banished from one's native country; 
the condition of living away from 
one's home or friends. 

exist (egz-isf), v.i.. to have existence; 
live. 

existence ('ens), n. the state of 
being; life; duration; occurrence. 

existent ('tent), n. having being. 

exit (eks'it), n. the act of going out; 
egress; the departure of an actor 
from the stage. 

exo, a prefix, meaning on the outside, 
occurring in many scientific words. 

exode (eks'od), n. an interlude, &c, 
at the conclusion of a play. 

ex officio (of-fish'i-o), by virtue of 
office. 

e*£Ogen ('o-jen), n. a plant which 
increases year by year by the addi- 
tion of layers outside the previous 
bark : opposed to endogen. 

exogenous (-oj'en-us), adj. pertain- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






EXONERATE 



280 



EXPERIMENTAL 



ing to exogens or their method of 
growth. 

exonerate (egz-on'er-at), v.t. to 
free from the imputation of a fault; 
acquit; justify; relieve or dis- 
charge from a responsibility, duty, 
&c. 

exophthalmia (eks-of-thal'mia), n. 
abnormal prominence of the eyeball. 

exorbitance (egz'or-bi-tans), n. go- 
ing beyond due limits; excess. Also 
exorbitancy. 

exorcise (eks'or-siz), v.t. to expel (an 
evil spirit) by prayers or incanta- 
tions; pronounce exorcisms over. 

exorcism (-sizm), n. the act of ex- 
pelling evil spirits. 

exorcist (-sist), n. one who exor- 
cises; one of the minor orders in 
the Roman Catholic and Greek 
Churches. 

exordium (egz-or'di-um), n. the 
opening part of a speech or compo- 
sition. 

exosmose (eks'os-mos), n. the pas- 
sage outwards through a membrane 
of gases and liquids. 

exoteric (-6-ter'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the uninitiated public: opposed 
to esoteric. 

exotic (-ot'ik), adj. foreign. 

expand (-pand'), v.t. to distend; di- 
late; extend: v.i. to increase in size. 

expanse (-pans'), n. a continuous 
area; the firmament; extent. 

expansible (-pan'si-bl), adj. capable 
of, or permitting, expansion. 

expansion (-pan'shun), n. the state 
of being expanded. 

ex parte (par'te), adj. one-sided. 

expatiate (-pa'shi-at), v.i. to en- 
large in statement or language; be 
copious in discussion. 

expatriate (-pat'ri-at), v.t. to drive 
from one's native country. 

expect (-pekf), v.t. to wait for; 
look for with an apprehension of 
something good or evil. 

expectance ('ans), n. the act or 
state of expecting. Also expectancy. 

expectant ('ant), adj. waiting in ex- 
pectation; presumptive. 



expectation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
looking forward to; anticipation; 
contingent prospect of wealth. 

expectorant ('to-rant), n. a medi- 
cine that promotes expectoration. 

expectorate ('to-rat), v.t. to eject 
from the lungs by coughing, &c. ; spit. 

expectoration (-to-ra'shun), n. the 
act of expectorating; the mucous 
matter expectorated. 

expediency (-pe'di-en-si), n. [pi. ex- 
pediencies (-siz) ], suitability to an 
end or purpose; fitness; propriety. 
Also expedience. 

expedient ('di-ent), adj. fit; con- 
venient; suitable; proper: n. that 
which aids as a means to an end; 
device. 

expedite ('pe-dit), v.t. to hasten; 
facilitate. 

expedition (-dish'un), n. haste; des- 
patch; promptness; a march, voy- 
age, &c, by an army or several per- 
sons for some particular purpose. 

expeditionary (-a-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or constituting, an expedition. 

expeditious ('us), adj. quick; speedy. 

expel (-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. expelled, 
p.pr. expelling], to drive away; 
force out; send away by authority; 
exclude. 

expend (-pend'), v.t. to lay out; 
spend. 

expenditure ('i-tur), n. a laying out, 
as money, time, labor, &c. ; disburse- 
ment. 

expense (-pens'), n. expenditure; 
drain on resources; detriment; cost. 

experience (-pe'ri-ens), n. knowledge 
gained by trial and practice; test; 
practice; spiritual exercise of mind. 

experientialism (-en'shal-izm), n. 
the theory that all knowledge is 
based upon experience. 

experiment (-per'i-ment), n. a trial 
or operation to discover something 
or to verify something; proof; trial: 

v.i. to search out by trial. Also experi- 
mentalize. 

experimental (-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or founded on, experiment; 
guided, or learned by experience. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






EXPERT 



281 



EXPRESS 



expert (-pert'), adj. skilful, through 

(practice or experience; adroit; dex- 
terous. 
expiate ('pi-at), v.t. to atone for. 
expiatory (-a-to-ri), adj. having the 
power or nature of atonement. 
expiration (-pi-ra/shun) , n. termi 
nation. 
xpire (-pir'), v.t. to breathe out 
from the lungs: v.t. to die. 
xpire ('pi-ri), n. the end. 
xpiry (-plan'), v.t. to make in- 
telligible or clear; expound or in- 
terpret. 
xplanation (-pla-na'shun), n. the 
act of explaining; elucidation; in- 
terpretation; a mutual clearing up 
of a misunderstanding. 
explanatory (-plan'a-to-ri), adj. serv- 
ing to explain. 
expletive ('ple-tiv), n. a word not 
necessary for the sense inserted in 
a sentence for ornament or to fill 
up a verse: adj. filling up; added 
or inserted for emphasis, &c. 
explicable ('pli-ka-bl), adj. that may 

be explained or interpreted. 
explicit (-plis'it), adj. plain; definite. 
xplode (-plod'), v.i. to burst forth 
with sudden noise and violence; col- 
lapse: v.t. to cause to pass from a 
lid to a gaseous state; refute; 
demolish. 
loit (-ploit), v.t. to make use of 
or one's own profit; put to use; 
xplore in search of; explain at 
ength: n. a remarkable deed or 
eroic act. 

loitation (-ploi-ta/shun), n. the 
ct of exploiting; the improvement 
f lands, working of mines, &c; an 
xamination to utilize natural re- 
urces previously neglected; sel- 
fish utilization. 
loration (-plo-ra/shun) , n. the 
ct of exploring; careful investiga- 
ion or search, especially geographi- 
cal research. 

lore (-plor'), v.t. to search into 
or examine thoroughly; travel in 
or over (a country) to discover its 
haracteristic features, &e. 



explosion (-plo'zhun), n. the act of 
exploding; a sudden bursting with 
a loud report; a sudden and violent 
outbreak. 

explosive ('siv), adj. pertaining to, 
or causing, explosion: n. any sub- 
stance that causes an explosion; a 
mute consonant. 

exponent (-po'nent), n. the index of 
an algebraical power; one who ex- 
plains or interprets the principles 
of something. 

exponential (-nen'shal), adj. per- 
taining to an exponent. 

export (-port'), v.t. to send or carry 
out of a country, as merchandise: 
v.i. to send goods to a foreign 
country: (eks'port), n. a commodity 
carried to a foreign country. 

expose (-poz'), v.t. to lay open; put 
forward for sale; leave to the ac- 
tion of any force or circumstance; 
disclose; place in peril; lay open to 
censure or ridicule. 

expose (-po-za/), n. an exposure. 

exposition (-zish'un), n. an expla- 
nation or interpretation; an exhi- 
bition. 

expositor (-poz'i-ter), n. one who ex- 
pounds or interprets. 

expository ('i-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or conveying exposition. Also 
expositive. 

ex post facto (post fak'to), (Latin, 
after the deed is done), a law en- 
acted with retrospective effect. 

expostulate (-pos'tu-lat) , v.i. to 
reason earnestly or remonstrate 
(followed by with, on or upon). 

expostulatory ('tfi-la-to-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, containing, or of the 
nature of, expostulation. 

exposure (-po'shur), n. the act of 
exposing; situation; aspect. 

expound (-pound'), v.t. to set forth, 
explain, or interpret; make clear. 

express (-pres'), v.t. to exhibit by 
language; utter; show; represent: 
squeeze out; despatch by express; 
adj. plainly stated; exact; resem- 
bling precisely; not implied; special- 



;, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; h.e, hut; think, then. 



EXPRESSIBLE 



282 



EXTIRPATOR 






ly prepared; pertaining to quick or 
direct conveyance. 

expressible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being expressed, in any sense of the 
word. 

expression (-presh'un), n. the act 
or power of representing anything; 
a saying; mode of speech; transient 
change of the countenance; modu- 
lation of the voice. 

expressman ('man), n. the person 
who takes charge of express matter 
and attends to its delivery; the 
driver of an express wagon. 

expropriation (-pro-pri-a/shun) , n. 
the exclusion of a small owner from 
the ownership of land, &c. 

expulsion (-pul'shun), n. forcible 
ejection. 

expunge (-punj'), v.t. to blot out; 
erase; destroy; obliterate. 

expurgate ('per-gat), v.t. to remove 
whatever is offensive to good taste 
or morality from: said of books. 

expurgator (-ga-ter), n. one who 
expurgates. 

expurgatory ('ga-to-ri), adj. serving 
to expurgate. 

exquisite ('kwi-zit), adj. refined; 
delicate; nice; accurate choice; ex- 
cellent; highly finished; very sen- 
sibly felt; extreme : n. a person 
over refined in dress; a dandy. 

extant ('tant), adj. still existing. 

extemporaneous (-tem-po-ra'ne-us) , 
adj. unpremeditated; without pre- 
vious notes cr study; off-hand. 
Also extemporary. 

extempore ('po-re), adj. without 
study or premeditation. 

extemporize Cpo-rlz), v.t. to com- 
pose on the spur of the moment : v.i. 
to discourse, &c, without notes or 
previous study. 

extend (-tend'), v.t. to stretch out; 
enlarge; amplify; continue; diffuse; 
communicate^ disseminate; v.i. to 
reach to any distance; be prolonged. 

extension ('shun), n. the act of ex- 
tending; the state of being ex- 
tended; a branch line of railway, 



&c; space regarded as having di- 
mensions. 

extensor (-ten'ser), n. a muscle that 
extends, or straightens, a limb. 

extent (-tent'), n. the space or de- 
gree to which a thing is extended; 
size; compass; reach; a writ of 
execution. 

extenuate (-ten'u-at), v.t. to offer 
excuses for; palliate; mitigate. 

extenuator (-a-ter), n. one who ex- 
tenuates. 

extenuatory (-to-ri), adj. palliative. 

exterior (-te'ri-er), adj. outward; 
external: n. that which is outside; 
outer surface. 

exterminate (-ter'mi-nat), v.t. to 
destroy utterly; annihilate; root 
out. 

exterminator (-na-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, exterminates. 

exterminatory (-to-ri), adj. per- 
taining to extermination; serving to 
exterminate. 

extern (-tern'), n. a non-resident 
scholar: adj. external; visible. 

external (-ter'nal), adj. outside; ex- 
terior; superficial; objective; for- 
eign: n. an exterior or outward part; 
an outward form, rite, or ceremony. 

exterritoriality (-ter-ri-to-ri-al'i-ti), 
n. the right possessed by am- 
bassadors to live under the laws of 
their own country. 

extinct (-tingkt'), adj. extinguished; 
put out; quenched; worn out; in- 
active. 

extinguish (-ting'gwish) , v.t. to put 
out; pay off and satisfy in full; 
eclipse. 

extinguisher (-er), n. one who, or 
that which, extinguishes; a hollow 
cone for extinguishing a light. 

extirpate ('ter-pat), v.t. to eradi- 
cate; destroy; exterminate. 

extirpative (-tiv), adj. capable of, 
or tending to, extirpate. Also ex- 
tirpatory. 

extirpator (-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, extirpates. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon ; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



EXTOL 



283 



EXTRICATE 






extol (tol'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ex- 
tolled, p.pr. extolling], to praise 
highly; magnify; laud; celebrate. 

extorsive (-tor'siv), adj. tending to 
extort. 

extort (-tort'), v.t. to obtain by 
threats, violence, or injustice: v.i. 
to practice extortion. 

extortion (-tor'shun), n. the act or 
practice of extorting; oppressive or 
unjust exaction. 

extortionate ('shun-at), adj. char- 
acterized by extortion; unjust. 

extortioner ('shun-er), n. one who 
practices extortion. Also extortion- 
ist. 

extra, a prefix meaning over and 
above; beyond; besides, found in 
numerous words, the sense of which 
is self-evident, as exfra-omcial, ex- 
ira-parochial, e:rira-judicial, extra- 
mural, &c. 

extra ('tra), adj. additional: n. 
something not included in the usual 
fee or charge; an edition of a news- 
paper issued in addition to the reg- 
ular edition, or for some particular 
object. 

extract (-trakf), v.t. to draw out 
of; pull out; select from a larger 
literary work: n. (eks'trakt) a sub- 
stance extracted by distillation, so- 
lution, &c; an abstract or excerpt 
from a book; quotation. 
xtractible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being extracted. Also extractable. 
xtraction (-trak'shun), n. the act of 
extracting; lineage, birth, or de- 
scent. 

tractor , ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, extracts. 
xtradite ('tra-dit), v.t. to surrender 
(a person) to another government 
underthe terms of a treaty of ex- 
tradition. 
xtradition (-dish'un), n. the sur- 
render by the government of one 
nation to another of a person guilty 
of a crime, in accordance with the 



terms of a treaty existing between 
the two nations. 

extrados ('dos), n. the exterior 
curve of an arch. 

extramural (eks-tra-mu'ral), adj. out- 
side of the walls. 

extrane (eks-tran'), adj. foreign; 
not in accord with the hypnotized 
subject: n. one who is extreme. 

extraneity (eks-tra-ne'i-ti), n. ex- 
ternality. 

extraneous ('ne-us), adj. external; 
foreign. 

extraordinary (-tror'di-na-ri, or -tra- 
or'di-na-ri), adj. beyond or out of 
the usual course; uncommon; un- 
usual; remarkable; rare; eminent; 
special. 

extravagance (-trav'a-gans), n. excess 
in anything, expecially expenditure; 
profusion. 

extravagant ('a-gant), adj. exceeding 
reasonable limits ; wasteful ; prodigal ; 
irregular; needlessly lavish in expen- 
diture; visionary. 

extravaganza (-gan'za), n. a stage 
burlesque; an irregular piece of 
music; a wild flight of language or 
feeling. 

extravasate ('a-sat), v.t. to force 
out of a duct or vessel, as blood: 
v.i. to escape out of the proper vessel. 

extreme (-trem'), adj. of the highest 
degree; last; utmost; furthest; final; 
most severe or strict; uncompro- 
mising: n. the utmost degree of any- 
thing; extremity; excess; end: pi. 
points at the greatest distance from 
each other. 

extremist ('ist), n. a supporter of 
extreme views or practice. 

extremity (-trem'i-ti), n. [pi. ex- 
tremities (-tiz) J, the utmost point 
or degree; remotest part; utmost 
violence, vigor, or necessity; end: 
pi. the limbs. 

extricate ('tri-kat), v.t. to free 
from difficulties, complications, or 
perplexity; disembarrass. 



ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



EXTRICABLE 



£84 



EYRIE 



extricable ('tri-ka-bl), adj. capable 
of being extricated. 

extrinsic (-trin'sik), adj. external; 
not inherent or essential; foreign. 

extroversion (-tro-yer'shun), n. 
the turning of an inner part out- 
ward. 

extrude (-trud'), v.t. to thrust out. 

exuberance (-u'ber-ans), n. super- 
abundance. 

exuberant (-ant), adj. copious. 

exude (-Od'), v.t. to discharge grad- 
ually through pores: v.i. to flow 
out slowly. 

exult (egz-ulf), v.i. to rejoice in tri- 
umph 1 ; be glad above measure. 



exultant ('ant), adj. rejoicing tri- 
umphantly. 

exuviae (eks-u'vi-e), n.pl. the cast-off 
skins, shells, &c, of animals; fossil 
remains of animals. 

eye-minded (I-mln'ded), n. having 
the tendency to acquire knowledge 
through the eye and to conduct 
mental processes in association with 
visual images. 

eyot (I'ot), n. a little island in a 
river or lake. Also ait. 

eyra ('ra), n. the wild cat of Texas. 

eyre (ar), n. a circuit of itinerant 
judges. 

eyrie (e' or a/ri), n. the nest of a 
predatory bird. Also eyry. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






F 



\ the sixth letter of the alphabet. 

Fa (fa), n. the fourth note in the sol-fa 
musical notation = F. 

Fable (fa'bl), n. a short fictitious nar- 
rative intended to convey some 
moral; an idle story or falsehood: 
v.t. to feign; fabricate: v.i. to speak 
falsely or untruthfully. 

Fabric (fab'rik), n. an edifice or 
buidling; a woven, felted, or knitted 
material. 

fabricate ('ri-kat), v.t. to construct; 
form by manufacture or art; invent 
falsely. 

fabricator (-ka-ter), n. one who 
fabricates. 

fabulist ('u-list), n. a writer of fa-, 
bles; a liar. 

fabulize ('u-liz), v.i. to compose, 
write, or relate fables. 

Fabulous ('u-lus), adj. fictitious; 
mythical. 

Facade (fa-sad'), n. front elevation. 

Facet (fas'et), n. a small surface or 
face; one of the minute planes into 
which the surface of a diamond is 
cut :v.t. to cut or work a facet upon. 

Facetiae (fa-se'shi-e), n.pl. witty say- 
ings; books characterized by coarse 
wit. 

Facetious ('shus), adj. humorous; 
jocular. 

Facial ('shal) , adj. pertaining to the face. 

Facial angle (ang'gl), n. the angle 
formed by the two lines drawn re- 
spectively from the nostrils to the 
ear, and from the nose to the fore- 
head: used in craniometrical calcu- 
lations. 



facies ('shi-ez), n. the face; the gen- 
eral resemblance or aspect of any 
group of organisms or rocks. 

facile (fas'il), adj. yielding; pliant; 
affable. 

facile princeps (prin'seps), easily 
first. 

facilitate (fa-sil'i-tat), v.t. to make 
easy or less difficult; lessen the 
labor of. 

facility ('i-ti), n. [pi. facilities (-tiz) ], 
freedom from difficulty; dexterity; 
ease; pliancy; ready compliance: 
pi. the means by which the per- 
formance of any act may be more 
easily accomplished. 

facing (fa'sing), n. a covering in 
front for ornamental or other pur- 
poses; a method of coloring tea, 
&c: pi. military movements in drill 
in turning to the right, left, &c; 
the collars, cuffs, &c, of different 
color to the coat on a military uni- 
form. 

fac-simile (fak-sim'i-le), n. an ex- 
act reproduction, counterpart, or 
likeness of an original. 

fact (fakt), n. anything that is done; 
reality ; event ; truth . 

faction (fak'shun), n. a party in dis- 
loyal opposition; dissension. 

factious ('shus), adj. given to, or 
characterized by, faction; turbulent. 

factitious (-tish'us), adj. artificial; 
sham. 

factitive ('ti-tiv), adj. causative. 

factor ('ter), n. an agent who trans- 
acts business for another; one of 
two or more quantities (multiplier 



Lte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; h.e, hut; think, then. 
285 



FACTOR 



286 



FAITH 



and multiplicand) which, multiplied 
together, give a product; any cir- 
cumstance, &c, which produces a 
result: v.t. to manage or act as a 
factor for; resolve into mathemat- 
ical factors. 

factor (fak'tor), n. in heredity, the 
hypothetical element in the germ- 
plasm that transmits a character. 

factorage (-aj), n. a factor's com- 
mission. 

factory ('to-ri), n. [pi. factories 
(-riz) ], a manufactory; a trading 
settlement. 

factotum (-to'tum), n. a man of all 
work. 

faculae ( r u-le) , n.pl. luminous spots 
on the sun's surface. 

facultative ('ul-ta-tiv), adl. ena- 
bling; permissive. 

faculty ('ul-ti), n. [pi. faculties 
(-tiz) ], any mental or physical 
power; mental capacity; skill ob- 
tained by practice; ability; ease; 
readiness; the members collectively 
of any one of the learned profes- 
sions, especially the medical; the 
masters and professors of a depart- 
ment in a university. 

fad (fad), n. a crotchet; a pet idea 
or hobby; a passing fasion. 

fade (fad), v.i. to lose color or dis- 
tinctness; languish; wither; droop; 
die away. 

faecal (fe'kal), adj. pertaining to ex- 
crement or sediment. 

faeces ('sez), n.pl. excrement; sedi- 
ment. 

faecula, same as fecula. 

fag (fag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. fagged, 
p.pr. fagging], to work hard; grow 
weary; drudge for another: v.t. to 
tire out or exhaust; to compel to 
drudge for another: n. one who 
drudges for another; a schoolboy 
who performs menial duties for an- 
other in a higher class; fatigue or 
weariness; drudgery. 

fag-end ('end), n. the latter or 
meaner part of anything ; the frayed 
end of a piece of cloth, rope, &c. 

fagot ('ot), n. a bundle of sticks 



bound together; a bundle of fish laid 
up for drying; a bundle of scrap- 
or wrought-iron or steel to be 
worked over ; a kind of meat-cake of 
pork: v.t. to form into fagots. 

fagoting (-ing), n. a method of 
ornamenting textile fabrics. 

Fahrenheit (fa'ren-hlt), n. the name 
of a thermometer-scale, having 32° 
as its freezing point, and 212° as 
the boiling point of water. 

faience (fa-yangs'), n. a variety of 
decorated majolica ware. 

failing ('ing), n. a fault; weakness; 
imperfection; the act of becoming 
bankrupt. 

faille (fal, or f&'ye), n. a soft un- 
twilled silk used for dresses or bon- 
net trimmings, &c. 

failure (fal'ur), n. the act of fail- 
ing; omission; neglect or non-per- 
formance; want of success; lapse; 
the act of becoming bankrupt. 

fain (fan), adv. willingly; gladly. 

faint (fant),y.^. to become feeble; 
lose consciousness; swoon; lose 
courage and hope: adj. feeble; lan- 
guid ; depressed ; spiritless; not bright 
or vivid in color; not loud or clear: 
n. a sudden loss of consciousness: 
pi. the impure spirit which distils 
over first and last in making whisky. 

fairness ('nes), n. the quality of 
being fair: beauty; equity; clear- 
ness; candor. 

fairy (far'i), n. [pi. fairies (-iz) ], 
an imaginary being of graceful and 
diminutive human form, supposed 
to interfere in human affairs for 
good or evil; an elf; fay; sprite; 
browne: adj. pertaining to, or re- 
sembling, fairies. 

fairy ring (ring) n. a small circle 
of grass greener than the turf sur- 
rounding it, -caused by an under- 
ground fungus. 

fait accompli fat a-kang-ple'), 
something already done. 

faith (fath), n. belief; trust in the 
honesty and truth of another; the 
assent of the mind to Divine revela- 
tion; unshaken adherence; fidelity; 



lL 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; h.e, hut; think, then. 



FAITHFUL 



287 



FAMINE 



honesty; a system of doctrines or 

faithful ('fool), adj. full of faith; 
trustworthy; truthful; honest; loy- 
al: n. Christians in full communion 
(with the). 

fake (fak), v.t. to fold or coil; to 
cover up imperfections of, or fabri- 
cate with the view to deception; 
steal: n. a coil or turn of a rope; a 
cheat or dodge; canard; hoax; a 
swindler or trickster. 

faker ('er), n. one who fakes; a 
swindler ; pickpocket. 

fakir (fa'ker), n. a Mohammedan as- 
cetic or mendicant priest. 

falcate (fal'kat), adj. sickle-shaped. 
Also falciform. 

falchion (fawl'shun), n. a short, 
slightly curved sword, with a broad 
blade. 

falcon ('kn or faw'kn), n. a predatory 
bird with a hooked beak, trained for 
hunting. 

falconer (faw'kn-er), n. one who 
trains or sports with falcons. 

falconry (faw'kn-ri), n. the art of 
training hawks to pursue other 
birds. 

faldstool (fawld'stool), n. a litany- 
stool, or -desk; the bishop's chair 
near the altar. 

fallacious (fal-la'shus), adj. decep- 
tive. 

fallacy ('a-si), n. [pi. fallacies (-siz)j, 
a deceptive or false appearance ; 
mistake; an unsound method of 
reasoning; sophism. 

fallen (fawl'n), p. adj. sunk to a low- 
er state or condition; degraded; 
ruined; outcast; overthrown; dead. 

fallibility (f al-i-bil'i-ti) , n. the' state 
of being fallible; liability to err. 

fallible C'i-bl), adj. liable to be de- 
ceived, mislead, err, or fail. 

fallopian (fal-o'pi-an), adj. pertaining 
to the ducts which convey the ova 
to the uterus. 

fallow ('o), v.t. to make or keep fal- 
low: adj. plowed but not sown for 
the season; untilled; neglected; of 
a pale yellow or reddish-yellow col- 



or: n. land plowed but left un- 
seeded. 

fallow-deer (-der), n. a species of 
deer of yellowish-brown color, with 
branched and recurved horns. 

false (fawls), adj. untrue; dishonest; 
disloyal; perfidious; counterfeit; 
not well founded; unreliable; made 
for temporary use; not in harmony : 
adv. falsely. 

false-keel (-kel), n. the timber below 
the main keel. 

falsetto (f awl-set '5), n. an artificial 
tone higher in key than the natural 
compass of the voice. 

falsify ('si-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. falsi- 
fied, p.pr. falsifying], to make, or 
prove to be false; counterfeit; forge; 
v.i. to lie. 

falsity ('si-ti), n. [pi. falsities (-tiz) ], 
the quality of being false; an un- 
truth; false statement. 

Falstaffian (fawl'staf-i-an), adj. re- 
sembling Falstaff: hence boasting; 
coarsely jovial, etc. 

falter ('ter), v.t. to utter in a weak, 
trembling manner (with out): v.i. 
to exhibit moral or physical^ hesi- 
tancy; waver; tremble; fail in ut- 
terance. 

fame (fam), n. public report;, rumor; 
celebrity; renown. « 

familiar (fa-mil'yer), adj. well ac- 
quainted, or intimate, with; domes- 
tic; affable; easy; unconstrained; 
unceremonious; habituated by cus- 
tom: n. a spirit or demon supposed 
to attend at the call of a necroman- 
cer; a domestic of the papal house- 
hold. 

familiarize ('yer-iz), v.t. to make 
familiar; habituate. 

family (fam'i-li), n. [pi. families 
(-liz) ], a household; children as dis- 
tinguished from the parent ; a body 
of persons descended from a common 
ancestor; tribe; race; genealogy; 
noble lineage; class; a group of ani- 
mals larger than a genus, but less 
than an order; an order [Bot.]. 

famine (fam 'in), n. extreme dearth; 
great scarcity. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FAMISH 



288 



FASCICULATE 



famish ('ish), v.t. & v.i. to starve. 

famous (fa/mus), adj. renowned; 
conspicuous; noted. 

famulus ('u-lus), n. the familiar 
spirit of a magician; an assistant. 

fanatic (fa-nat'ik), n. one who is in- 
temperately zealous, or wildly ex- 
travagant, especially on religious 
subjects: adj. characterized by fa- 
naticism; visionary. Also fanatical. 

fanaticism ('i-sizm), n. extravagant 
or frenzied zeal; wild enthusiasm. 

fancied (fan'sid), adj. imaginary. 

fancier ('si-er), n. one who breeds or 
sells animals and birds; an ama- 
teur. 

fancy ('si), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fancied, 
p.pr. fancying], to imagine; take a 
liking to; be pleased with: v.i. to 
imagine; suppose: adj. ornamental; 
elegant; imaginary. 

fandango (-dang'go), n. a lively 
Spanish dance; a lively ball. 

fane (fan), n. a temple; church. 

fanfare (fan 'far), n. a flourish of 
trumpets; noisy ostentatious parade. 

fanfaronade (-o-nad'), n. blustering 
talk or swagger: v.i. to make a noisy 
parade. 

fang (fang), n. the lower part of a 
tooth set in the socket; the poison- 
tooth of a serpent; a tusk, claw, 
talon, or pointed tooth. 

f anion (fan'yun), n. a small banner. 

fantail ('tal), n. a variety of pigeon. 

fantan ('tan), n. a Chinese gambling 
game. 

fantasia (-ta or ta'zhi-a), n. a mu- 
sical composition not restricted by 
the usual laws of form or time. 

fantastic (-tas'tik), adj. odd; whim- 
sical; grotesque; unreal; imaginary. 
Also fantastical. 

fantasy. See phantasy. 

farad (far'ad), n. a unit of electric 
capacity. 

farce (tars), n. a short comedy in 
which qualities and actions are much 
exaggerated; ridiculous or empty 
parade. 

farcical (far'si-kal), adj. pertaining 



to, or of the nature of, a farce; 
ludicrous. 

farcy ('si), n. a disease of horses, 
closely allied to glanders. 

fardage ('daj), n. loose wood, &c, 
stowed among the cargo to prevent 
it from moving, or to protect it from 
bilge water. 

fare (far), v.i. to be in any state, 
either good or ill; be entertained 
with food; live; succeed; result. 

farina (fa-re' or fa-ri'na), n. starch; 
flour or meal obtained by grinding 
the seeds of cereals and leguminous 
plants. 

farinaceous (na'shus), adj. consisting 
of, or made from, farina; like meal. 

farinose (far'i-nos), adj. producing, 
or covered with, farina; mealy. 

faro (fa' or fa'ro), n. a game of 
chance, played with cards: so called 
from the picture of Pharaoh, which 
formerly was printed on one of the 
cards. 

farrago (far-ra'go), n. a medley; 
hotch-potch. 

farrier ('i-er), n. one who shoes 
horses; a veterinary surgeon. 

farriery (-i), n. the occupation of 
shoeing horses; veterinary surgery. 

farrow ('o), v.t. to give birth to: 
said of pigs: n. a litter of pigs: adj. 
noting a cow not calving in a given 
season. 

farther (farmer), adj., comp. of 
far; more distant or remote; addi- 
tional: adv. more remotely: conj. 
moreover. 

farthing ('^ing), n. l-4th of an 
English penny. 

fasces (fas'ez), n.pl. a bundle of rods 
containing an axe, carried by the 
lictors before the magistrates of an- 
cient Rome as a symbol of authority 

fascia (fash'i-a), n. [pi. fasciae (-e) ], 
a filet or belt; a broad volute; a 
jutting brick course beyond the 
windows; a ligature; the board over 
the top of the window of a shop, on 
which the owner's name, &c, are in- 
scribed. 

fasciculate (fas-ik'u-lat), adj. formed 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo6n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FASCICLE 



289 



FAULT 



of, or growing in, bundles. Also fas- 
ciculated. 

fascicle ('i-kl), n. a small collection, 
group, or bundle; a serial division 
of a book. 

fascinate ('i-nat), v.t. to influence 
the mind or will of as if by enchant- 
ment; bewiteh; captivate: v.i. to 
exercise a bewitching or captivating 
power. 

fascination (-na'shun), n. the act of 
fascinating; the state of being fas- 
cinated; any invisible influence that 
overpowers the mind or will;, be- 
witchment; charm. 

fascine (-en'), n. a cylindrical bundle 
of sticks or fagots bound together, 
used for fortifying ditches, building 
earthworks, &c. 

fashion ('un), n. the shape or form 
of anything; conventional custom or 
usage, especially in dress; compli- 
ance with the rules of good society; 
method; general practice: v.t. to 
mold, shape, or form; accommodate. 

fashionable (-a-bl), adj. according 
to the prevailing mode; made in ac- 
cordance with the fashion of the 
day; observant of the rules of polite 
society and its usages; well-bred. 

fashion-plate (fash'un-plat), n. a 
drawing representing the current 
fashions in dress. 

fast-fur (fast'-fur), adj. having refer- 
ence to the young of the harp-seal 
at a time when its fur is soft and 
woolly. 

fastening (-ing), n. the act of mak- 
ing fast; a bolt or clasp. 

fastidious (-tid'i-us), adj. squeamish; 
ovemice. 

fasting (fast'ing), n. abstinence from 
food, especially as a religious ob- 
servance. 

fasti and (land), n. upland. 

fastness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being fast; a fortress or nat- 
ural stronghold. 

fatal (fa/tal), adj. causing death or 
destruction; mortal; fateful 

fatalism (-izm), n. the doctrine that 



all things happen by irresistible ne- 
cessity overruling all things. 

fatalist (-ist), n. a believer in the 
doctrine of fatalism. 

fatality ('i-ti), n. [pi. fatalities (-tiz) ], 
predetermined order or series of 
events; destiny; a calamity; fatal 
occurrence. 

fata morgana (fa'ta mor-ga'na), n. 
a name for the mirage sometimes 
seen near the straits of Messina. 

fate (fat), n. destiny; inevitable ne- 
cessity; death or destruction; pre- 
destined lot: pi. the three classic 
goddesses, Clotho, Lachesis, and 
Atropos, who presided over the des- 
tinies of mankind. 

fated (fa/ted), p. adj. decreed by fate; 
destined. 

fatherly (-li), adj. pertaining to a 
father; kind, affectionate, as a fa- 
ther: adv. like a father. 

fathom (fa^/i'um), n. a measure of 
length = 6 ft. : v.t. to reach; ascer- 
tain the depth of. 

fatigue (fa-teg'), n. weariness; toil; 
bodily or mental exhaustion: v.t. to 
weary with bodily or mental exer- 
tion; tire ; harass. 

fatigue-duty (dii'ti), n. labor a sol- 
dier is employed in distinct from the 
practice of arms. 

fatling ('ling), n. a young animal 
fattened for slaughter. 

fatten ('n), v.t. to make fat, plump, 
or stout; feed for the table; make 
fertile or abundant. 

fatty ('i), adj. consisting, or having 
the qualities of, fat; greasy; oily. 

fatuity (fa-tu'i-ti), n. weakness of 
intellect; obstinate folly. 

fatuous ('ti-us), adj. weak' in intel- 
lect; silly; obstinately foolish; illu- 
sory. 

faubourg (fo'boorg), n. a suburb. 

fauces (faw'sez), n.pl. the upper part of 
the throat and entrance to the gullet. 

faucet ('set), n. a short pipe with a 
valve, used for drawing out liquor. 

faugh (faw), inter j. an exclamation 
expressive of disgust or abhorrence. 

fault (fawlt), n. a slight crime or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; 



I 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FAUN 290 FEDERAL 

offense; blemish; defect; omission; fearful ('fool), adj. affected with fear; 

the loss of scent in hunting: said of timorous; apprehensive; inspiring 

a hound; fracture of strata; an ac- fear. 

cidental leak in an electric circuit; fearsome (fer'sum), adj. fearful; 

an improper service in lawn-tennis. terrible. 
faun (fawn), n. a classic woodland feasibility (-bil'i-ti), n. practicability. 

deity, resembling the satyrs in ap- feasible (fe'zi-bl), adj. practicable. 

pearance. feast (fest), n. a sumptuous repast, 

fauna (faw'na), n. [pi. faunae ('ne) especially in commemoration of some 

faunas ('naz)j, the animals charac- event, &c; a festival, especially of 

teristic of any particular region, or the Church; anything affording 

geological period. pleasure to the palate or mind: v.t. to 

fauteuil (fo-tal' or -tul'), n. an up- entertain sumptuously ; > delight : v.i. 

holstered arm chair; membership in to feed sumptuously; enjoy one's self. 

the French Academy; the seat of a feat (fet), n. sl notable achievement, 

president, &c. deed, or performance. 

faux pas (fo pa'), n. an error or slip, feathery (-i), adj. covered with, or 

especially in respect of good man- resembling, feathers; very light. 

ners or morality. feature (fe'tur), n. the cast of the 

Favonian (fa-vo'ni-an), adj. pertain- face; lineament; ^ principal part 

ing to Favonius, the west wind: outline; characteristic; appearance. 

hence auspicious. feaze (fez), v.t. to disturb; discon- 

favor (fa/ver), n. kindness; support; cert; frighten. 

patronage; good will; facility; par- febrifuge (feb'ri-fuj), n. a medicine 

tiality; bias; a love token; a bunch that lessens or dispels fever. 

of ribbons worn on some special oc- febrile (feb' or f e'bril), adj. pertaining 

casion; a letter: v.t. to regard with to, accompanied by, or indicating 

favor; befriend; facilitate; resemble fever. 

in features; spare. fecal, same as faecal. ' 

favorite > (-it), n. one who, or that feces, same as faeces. 

wfrich, is particularly esteemed; one feckless (fek'-less), adj. trifling; shift- 
regarded with undue preference; a less. 

person or animal considered to have fecula (fek'fi-la), n. farina; starch; 

the best chance of winning in a con- chlorophyll. 

test: adj. preferred; esteemed. feculence ('lens), n. the quality of 

fawn (fawn), n. a young deer: v.i. & being feculent; dregs. Also fecu- 

v.t. to court servilely (with on or lency. 

upon); to exhibit affection by leap- feculent '('lent), adj. containing, or 

ing upon, cringing,, or licking the full of, dregs or sediment; turbid; 

hand of a person : said of a dog. muddy. 

fawning ('ing), n. gross, or servile, fecund (fek' or fe-kund'), adj. fruit- 
flattery, ful; prolific. 
fay (fa) ; n. ah elf; fairy: v.t. to fit fecundate (fek'un-dat), v.t. to make 

(two pieces of wood) flush together: fruitful or prolhjc; fertilize; im- 

v i. to fit closely: adj. fated; dead pregnate. 

[Scotch]. fecundity ('di-ti), n. fruitfulness; 

faze (faz), v.t. to worry; annoy; prolificness; fertility of invention; 

frighten; disturb; produce an effect germination.' 

on. . > • federal (fed'er-al), adj. pertaining 

fealty (fe'al-ti), n. the duty of a to, constituting, or founded upon, a 

vassal or tenant to his feudal su- league or treaty; consisting in a 

perior ; loyalty. union or compact between the states, 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



, UUUIl, 



FEDERAL 



291 



FEMALE 



especially of the United States or 
Switzerland ; confederated : n. a sup- 
porter of federalism. 

Federal, adj. supporting the cause of 
the Union in the American civil war 
(1861-'65) : n. one who favored the 
Union cause in that war,. 

federalism (-izm), n. the doctrine of 
federal union, and the support of the 
central government of the United 
States. 

federalize (-iz), v.t. to bring together 
in a political federacy: v.i. to 
unite under a federal form of gov- 
ernment. Also federate. 

federate (-at), adj. united by com- 
pact. 

federation (-a/shun), n. a' league; 
federal government. 

fee (fe), n. a compensation or pay- 
ment for service rendered, especially 
professional service; a gratuity; an 
heritable or inherited estate; land 
held from a superior; feud: v.t. to 
pay or give a fee to. 

feeble (fe'bl), adj. weak; wanting in 
physical strength or mental vigor; 
infirm: v.t. to weaken. 

-feeling ('ing), p.adj. easily affected; 
sympathetic; of great sensibility; 
perceptible by touch: n. sense of 
touch ; physical or mental sensation ; 
perception; tenderness. 

fee-simple (-sim'pl), n. an estate in 
land or tenement, ^ held by a person 
in Ins own right, without restrictions. 

feign (fan), v.t. to pretend; invent. 

feint (fant), n. a pretense; mock at- 
tack. 

feldspar (feld'spar), n. a name for 
various crystalline minerals occur- 
ring in igneous rocks, composed 
principally of silicate of aluminia. 
Also felspar. 

felicitate (fe-lis'i-tat), v.t. to con- 
gratulate. 

felicitous ('i-tus), adj. characterized 
by, or causing, happiness; appropri- 
ate. 

felicitously (-li), adv. happily; suit- 
ably. 

felicity ('i-ti), n. [pi. felicities (-tiz) ], 



a condition of supreme happiness; 
blissfulness; prosperity ; appro- 
priateness; a neat or well-chosen 
expression. 

feline ('hn), adj. pertaining to, or 
resembling, a cat; stealthy; treach- 
erous. 

fell (fel), v.t. to hew, cut, or knock 
down; cause to fall; turn down (a 
seam)^ adj. cruel; savage; barbar- 
ous; hideous; powerful: n. the skin 
of an animal; a hem laid level with 
the material; a rocky or barren hill; 
small pieces of ore. 

fellah ('a), n. [pi. fellahs ('az), fel- 
laheen (-hen') ], in Egypt and Syria, 
a peasant or laboring man. 

felloe, same as felly. 

fellow ('5), n. a companion or asso- 
ciate; one of the same kind; com- 
peer; one of a pair; an individual; 
one held in slight esteem; a member 
of an incorporated society; a gradu- 
ate member of a college who holds a 
fellowship; the trustee of a college; 
adj. associated or joined with (used 
in composition.) 

felly ('i), n. [pi. fellies ('iz) ], one of 
the curved pieces of wood which 
form the rim of a wheel; the rim. 
Also felloe. 

felo-de-se (fe'lo-de-se), n. a suicide. 

felon (fel'un), n. one guilty of fel- 
ony; a whitlow: adj. malignant; 
traitorous. 

felonious (fe-lo'ni-us), adj. done 
with the intention of committing 
crime; malignant. 

felony (fel'o-ni), n. [pi. felonies 
(-niz) ], a crime punishable by 
death or imprisonment in a state 
prison. 

felting ('ing), n. the material of 
which felt is made, or the process 
of manufacturing it. 

female (fe'mal), n. one of that sex 
which conceives and produces young; 
the plant or flower which bears the 
pistil and receives the pollen of 
the male flower: adj. pertaining to 
that sex which produces young; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FEME COVERTE 



292 



ERRATE 



feminine; womanly; having pistils 
but destitute of stamens; noting, 
in mechanics, something, as a hol- 
low, into which another part fits. 

feme coverte (fern or fam kuv'ert), 
n. a married woman. Also femme 
coverte. 

feme sole (sol), n. an unmarried 
woman. Also femme sole. 

feminine (fem'i-nin), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, women ; deli- 
cate; tender; sensitive; wanting in 
manly characteristics; effeminate: 
n. a woman. 

femininity (-i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being feminine; woman- 
kind. 

feminism (fem'in-izm), n. a condition 
ascribed to men apparently lacking 
in the chief masculine traits. 

femme de chambre (fam'de shang'- 
br), n. a lady's-maid; chambermaid. 

femoral (fem'o-ral), adj. pertaining 
to the thigh. 

femur (f e'mer), n. the thigh-bone. 

fen (fen), n. low, flat, marsh land, 
covered with sedges, &c; a kind of 
mold or moss causing disease in hops. 

f encible (f en'si-bl) , adj. capable of de- 
fense, or being defended : n. a soldier 
enlisted for home service. 

fencing ('ing), n. the art of skilfully 
using a foil or sword for attack or 
defense; materials used for con- 
structing a fence; a collection of 
fences; guard; skilful debate. 

fend (fend), v.t. to ward off; protect 
with a fender. 

fender ('er), n. a cushion of rope, or 
piece of wood hung over the side of 
a vessel to prevent injury by con- 
tact with a landing-stage, &c; a 
metal guard in front of a fireplace 
to prevent the hot coal falling upon 
the floor; a device affixed to the 
front of a street car to prevent in- 
jury to pedestrians. 

fender-rail (fen'der-ral), n. a rail 
to protect street cars against injury 
from the wheels of other vehicles. 

fender-skid (fen'der-skid), n. a skid 
used by lumber men to hold the logs 



on a trail, when skidded or slid on a 
hillside. 

fennec ( ; ek), n. small African fox. 

fennel (fen'el), n. an aromatic bien- 
nial herb of the parsley family, with 
yellow flowers. 

fenny {'i) r adj. full of fens; marshy. 

fent (fent), n. a slit in a garment 
for convenience in putting it on; 
placket; remnant. 

ferae naturae (-na-tu're), in law, 
wild animals as distinguished from 
those domesticated. 

feral (fe'ral), adj. wild; undomesti- 
cated. 

ferial ('ri-al), adj. pertaining to 
week days, especially those which are 
not festivals or fasts; pertaining to 
holidays. 

fer-de-lance (fer-de-lans'), n. a poi- 
sonous crotaloid snake inhabiting 
certain of the West Indies and the 
South American countries. Its 
name is derived from the shape of 
its head like a lance. 

ferment (fer'ment), n. a microscopic 
fungus which produces fermenta- 
tion; internal commotion; tumult: 
v.t. (fer-menf), to produce ferment 
tation in; excite: v.i. to be in a state 
of fermentation; effervesce; be ex- 
cited. 

fermentation (-men-ta/shun), n. the 
chemical decomposition which takes 
place in an organic substance ex- 
posed to the air, due to the action 
of microscopic organisms, or to un- 
organized ferments; excitement. 

fern (fern), n. a cryptogamous or 
flowerless plant with broad and 
feathery fronds or leaves, on the 
under surface of which the repro- 
ductive seeds are situated. 

fernery ('er-i), n. [pi. ferneries (-iz) ], 
a place where ferns are cultivated. 

ferocious (fe-ro'shus), adj. savage; 
fierce; rapacious; of cruel nature. 

ferocity (-ros'i-ti), n. [pi. ferocities 
(-tiz) ], ^ savageness or cruelty of 
disposition; inhumaji cruelty. 

ferrate (fer'at), n. a salt of ferric 
acid. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FERRET 



293 



FETCH 



ferret (fer'et), n. a domesticated va- 
riety of polecat, employed to hunt 
rats and rabbits from their holes; 
a kind of binding; an iron rod used 
for making the rings at the mouths 
of bottles, or trying melted glass: 
v.t. to search minutely or discover 
by cunning methods (with out). 

ferreter ('er), n. one who ferrets. 

ferretto (-ret'to), n. a preparation 
of copper with sulphuric acid: used 
in coloring glass. 

ferriage ('i-aj), n. money paid for 
conveyance by ferry. 

ferric ('ik), adj. pertaining to, con- 
taining, or extracted from, iron. 

ferric acid (as'id), n. an acid com- 
posed of 3 atoms of oxygen and 1 
of iron. 

ferro-bronze (fer'ro-bronz), n. an 
alloy composed of iron, copper and 
zinc. 

ferrotype (-tip), n. a photograph 
taken upon a sensitized iron plate. 

ferrous (fer'us), adj. pertaining to, 
or obtained from, iron. 

ferrous oxide (oks'id), n. monoxide 
of iron. 

ferruginous (-ru'ji-nus), adj. con- 
taining, or impregnated with, iron; 
rust-colored. 

ferrule ('ril), n. a metal ring placed 
at the end of a stick, &c, to strength- 
en it. 

ferry ('i), n. [pi. ferries ('iz) ], a 
passage across a river, &c. ; a ferry- 
boat; the place where a ferry-boat 
lands its passengers: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. ferried, p.pr. ferrying], to con- 
vey across a river, &c, in a boat: 
v.i. go across water in a boat. 

fertile (fer'til), adj. producing abun- 
dantly; fruitful; reproductive; rich 
in resources or invention. 

fertilization (-i-za'shun), n. the act 
or process of making fertile; im- 
pregnation. 

fertilize ('til-iz), v.t. to make fer- 
tile; render fruitful; impregnate. 

fertilizer (-er), n. any material used 
as a manure for the land. 

fertilizing-pouch (fer'ti-li-zing- 



pouch), n. the sperm-receptical of 
the queen bee. 

fertility ('i-ti), n. the state or quali- 
ty of being fertile; abundance; fe- 
cundity; richness of resources or 
invention. 

ferule ('ul), n. a rod or flat stick used 
for chastisement: v.t. to chastise 
with a ferule. 

fervency (fer'ven-si), n. earnestness; 
ardor. 

fervent (Vent), adj. zealous; earnest; 
vehement; very hot. 

fervid ('vid), adj. burning; ardent; 
fiery; intense; eager; vehement. 

fervor ('ver), n. intensity of feeling; 
zeal; warmth. 

festal ('tal), adj. pertaining to a 
feast; joyous; festive; hilarious. 

fester ('ter), v.t. to cause to fester 
or rankle: v.i. to become ulcerated; 
suppurate; rankle; become putrid; 
rot: n. an ulcerous or purulent sore; 
act -of festering or rankling. 

festival ('ti-val), n. a joyful cele- 
bration in commemoration of some 
event, religious or civil; an enter- 
tainment on behalf of some charity 
at which fruit, &c, is sold. 

festive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to a 
feast; gay; joyous; merry. 

festivity (-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. festivi- 
ties (-tiz) ], social gaiety at an en- 
tertainment or feast; merrymaking; 
joyfulness; a festival. 

festoon (-toon'), n. a wreath or gar- 
land suspended at the extremities 
and hanging in a curve; an archi- 
tectural ornament of such form: v.t. 
to decorate with, or form into, fes- 
toons. 

fetal, same as foetal. 

fetch (fech), v.t. to go after and bring; 
obtain as its price; call for and ac- 
company; heave, as a sigh; fascin- 
ate: v.i. to move and turn; reach 
or get : 7i. an artifice or trick ; the deep 
long breath, as of a person dying; a 
wraith; the appearance at night of a 
light resembling a candle, supposed 
to portend death (fetch-light). 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FETE 



294 



FIBRIL 



fete (fat), h. a festival or holiday: 
v.t. to entertain, or honor, with fes- 
tivities. 

fete champetre (shang-pa/tr), n. a 
rural or open-air festival. 

fete day (da), n. a birthday celebra- 
tion, especially the day of the saint 
whose name one bears [French]. 

feticide, same as foeticide. 

fetid (fe'tid, or fet'id), adj. giving 
forth an offensive smell; stinking. 

fetish (fe'tish, or fet'ish), n. any 
material object, as a stone, weapon, 
feather, &c, supposed by the ne- 
groes of Western Africa to be the 
abode of a spirit, and to give to its 
possessor power over such a deity: 
hence any objectof unreasoning de- 
votion; image or idol. Also fetich. 

fetishism (-izm), n. the worship of, 
or belief in, fetishes; unreasoning 
or superstitious devotion. Also fet- 
ichism. 

fetish-man (-man), n. a medicine- 
man. 

fetlock ('lok), n. a tuft of hair be- 
hind a horse's pastern joint; the 
pastern joint. 

fetter ('er), n. a chain or shackle for 
the feet (usually pi.); a restraint; 
hindrance, v.t. to place fetters upon; 
chain; bind; hinder; restrain. 

fettle (fet'l), v.i. to repair; work 
with activity; clean up: v.t. to put 
in order; cover or line; fasten: n. 
good condition or repair; fuss. 

fetus, same as foetus. 

feud (fud), n. an inveterate quarrel 
between clans or families; blood- 
feud; quarrel; enmity; hatred. 

feud (fud), n. a fief, or land held 
from a lord on condition of render- 
ing him feudal service. Also feod. 

feudal ('al), adj. pertaining to a feud 
or quarrel ; pertaining to, or founded 
upon, a feud or fief. 

feudalist (-ist), n. one skilled in feudal 
law. Also feudist; an upholder of 
feudalism. 

feudality (-al'i-ti), n. the state of 
being feudal; feudal principles or 
constitution. 



feudal system (sis' tern), n. the po- 
litico-social system formerly preva- 
lent in Europe during the Middle 
Ages of holding lands on condition 
of military service. Feudalism. 

feudatory < (-da-to-ri), n. [pi. feuda- 
tories (-riz)], one holding land by 
feudal tenure; a vassal: adj. per- 
taining to, or held by, feudal tenure. 
Also feudary. 

feu de joie (foo'de zhwa'), n. an ex- 
pression of public rejoicing, as the 
firing of guns, or burning of bonfires. 

feudist, same as feudalist. 

feuilleton (foo-i-tang'), n. that sec- 
tion of a French newspaper which 
is devoted to light literature, criti- 
cal notices, fiction, &c; a newspaper 
serial. 

fever (fe'ver), n. a disease charac- 
terized by marked increase of heat 
of the skin, quickened pulse, great 
debility, thirst, &c; a condition of 
extreme nervous excitement: v.t. to 
put into a fever. 

feverish ^ (-ish), adj. affected with, 
indicating, or resembling, fever. 

fez (fez) n. a brimless, close-fitting, 
felt hat, usually red, with a black 
tassel: worn by Turks, Egyptians, 
&c. 

fiacre (fe-a'kr), n. a hackney-coach 
[French]. 

fiance (fe-ang-sa/), n. one who is be- 
trothed or affianced. Fern, fiancee. 

fiasco (fe-as'ko), n. a complete or lu- 
dicrous failure, as of some enter- 
prise of which high hopes were en- 
tertained, as a musical performance, 
&c. ; a flask or bottle. 

fiat (fl'at), n. a peremptory order or 
decree; an order of a court authoriz- 
ing certain proceedings, as in bank- 
ruptcy. 

fiber (fi'ber), n. a slender, thread- 
like substance, or filament; raw 
material which can be separated into 
threads for making up textile fab- 
rics. 

fibriform Cbri-form'), adj. fiber-like. 

fibril ('bril), n. a small fiber. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, north, not; bodn, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






FIBRILIFEROUS 



295 



FIERILY 



fibriliferous (if'er-us), adj. bearing 
fibres or the fibrillae in bundles. 

fibrillae ('e), n.pl. minute subdivi- 
sions of a root, as of the lichens. 

fibrillose (-os), adj. composed of, or 
covered with, fibrils. 

fibrin (fl'brin), n. a white albumi- 
noid substance which forms the clot 
of blood; the fibrous part of flesh; 
gluten obtained from corn, &c. 
Also fibrine. 

fibrinous (-us), adj. composed of, or of 
the nature of, fibrin. 

fibroid ('broid), adj. of the struc- 
ture of, or containing, fiber. 

fibroin Cbro-in), n. the principal 
constituent of raw silk, cobwebs, 
and horny sponge-tissue. 

fibrous ('brus), adj. composed of, or 
of the nature of, fibres. 

fibula ('u-la), n. [pi. fibulae (-le) ], 
the outer and smaller of the two 
bones which form the lower leg; and 
ancient ornamental brooch or safe- 
ty-pin. 

fichu (fe-shooQ n. a light three-cor- 
nered article of ladies' dress worn 
on, the neck, or over the neck and 
shoulders. 

fickle (fik'l), adj. capricious; incon- 
stant. 

fictile (fik'til), adj. pertaining to pot- 
tery; readily molded; plastic. 

fiction ('shun), n. the act of feign- 
ing or inventing; that which is 
feigned or invented; a literary pro- 
duction of the imagination in prose 
form, as a novel, romance, &c; 
a legal assumption for the purpose 
of convenience, the furtherance of 
justice, &c. 

fictitious (-tish'us), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, fiction; false; 
unreal. 

fid (fid), n. an iron or wooden bar to 
support a topmast ; a large tapering 
wooden pin for opening the strands 
of a rope; v.t. to put into place and 
secure by a fid. Also fidd. 

fidalgo (fi-dal'go), n. a Portuguese 
nobleman; hidalgo. 

fiddler (fid'ler), n. a violinist; a 



name of the common sandpiper; 
sixpence; one who is fussy about 
trifles. 

fidelity (fi-del'i-ti), n. [pi. fidelities 
(-tiz) ], integrity; faithful adher- 
ence to obligation or duty ; honesty ; 
loyalty; reliability. 

fidget (fij'et), n. one who is fidgety; 
nervous restlessness (often in pl.)\ 
v.t. to put in a fidget; worry; v.i. to 
move about uneasily or restlessly. 

fidgety ('et-i), adj. restless; impatient. 

fiducial (fi-au'shal), adj. of the na- 
ture of a trust; practical confidence. 

fiduciary ('shi-a-ri), n. [pi. fiducia- 
ries (-riz)], a trustee; one who de- 
pends for salvation on- faith without 
works: adj. pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, a trust; confident; unwa- 
vering. 

fie (fi), inter j. for shame! Also fy, fye. 

fief (fef), n. a fee or feud; a landed 
estate or manor held under a feudal 
superior. 

field-allowance (-a-lou'ans), n. ex- 
tra pay given to officers on active 
service. 

field-book (-book), n. a surveyor's 
note-book. 

field-day (-da), n. a military review; 
a day of unusual excitement or dis- 
play; a day devoted to outdoor sci- 
entific research. 

field-marshal (-mar'shal), n. the 
highest rank in the British army. 

field-officer (-of'i-ser), n. a major, 
lieutenant-colonel, or colonel. 

field-sports (-sportz), n.pl. outdoor 
diversions, especially shooting, hunt- 
ing, &c. 

fiend (fend), n. an infernal being; 
demon; one who is intensely mali- 
cious or wicked; a monomaniac. 

fiendish ('ish), adj. like a fiend. 

fierce ^ (fers), adj. savage; violent; 
merciless; ferocious; unrestrained. 

fieri facias (fl'e-ri fa/shi-as), (Latin, 
cause it to be done), a writ of exe- 
cution authorizing a levy on the 
goods and chattels of the person 
against' whom it is issued. 

fierily (ffr'i-li), adv. in a fiery manner. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; 






me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FIERINES< 



296 



FILLING 



fieri ness (-nes), n. the quality of be- 
ing fiery; heat of temper. 

fiery ('ri), adj. [comp. fierier, superl. 
fieriest], pertaining to, or consisting 
of, fire; passionate; easily roused; 
fervent; ardent. 

fife (fif), n. a shrill-toned musical 
instrument of the flute class: v.t. to 
play (a tune) on a fife. 

fiftieth (fif'ti-eth), adj. next in order 
after 49th: n. one of 50 equal parts. 

figment ('ment), n. an invention; 
fiction. 

figuline ('u-lin), n. potter's clay. 

figurant ('u-rant), n. an opera dancer 
who performs as one of the group. 
Fern, figurante. 

figurative ('u-ra-tiv), adj. repre- 
senting by figure; symbolical; un- 
real ; metaphorical. 

figured ('iird), adj. covered or adorned 
with figures; syrnbolized; pictured; 
indicated by figures [mus.]. 

figure-head (-hed), n. a carved rep- 
resentation of a human or other fig- 
ure placed at the prow of a ship; a 
person who is only nominally im- 
portant. 

figure-painting (fig'uf-pan'ting), n. 
painting concerned largely with the 
presentation of the human figure. 

figure-skating (fig 'tir-ska 'ting) , n. 
skating in which geometrica ] figures 
are cut on the ice by the skates. 

figuring (fig'ur-ing), n. computation. 

figwort (fig'wert), n. a plant used as 
a specific for piles. 

filament ('a-ment), n. a fine thread, 
or thread-like process or appendage ; 
the stalk of an anther. 

filamentary (-men'ta-ri), adj. con- 
sisting of, or resembling, a filament. 

filar (fl'lar), adj. pertaining to, or 
furnished with, threads; having fine 
threads stretched across the field of 
view: said of a microscope, &c. 

filator (fi-la/tor), n. the spinning 
mechanism of a silk-worm. 

filbert (fil'bert), n. the edible nut of 
the cultivated hazel. 

filch (filch), v.t. to pilfer; rob. 

file (fil), n. a wire, &c, on which pa- 



pers are strung for preservation or 
reference; a bundle of papers fas- 
tened together and endorsed with the 
date, contents, &c, of each; a line 
of soldiers ranged one behind the 
other; a tool of hard steel with 
small grooves on the surface, used 
for cutting and smoothing: v.t. to 
cut or smooth with a file; string 
(papers, &c.) on a file, or place 
them away, endorsed, for future 
reference; place among the records 
of a court or house of legislature: 
v.i. to march in a file or line. 

filial (fiTi-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
befitting, a son or daughter; due to 
a father. 

filiation (-a/shun), n. affiliation. 

filibuster (-i-bus'ter), n. a freebooter; 
buccaneer; a lawless military adven- 
turer who invades a foreign country: 
v.i. to act as a filibuster; to delay 
legislation by obstructive tactics. 

filiform (fiTi-form), adj. thread-like. 

filigree ('i-gre), adj. made of, or re- 
lating to, work in filigree: n. orna- 
mental work, resembling lace, in 
gold or silver wire; something deli- 
cate and ornamental, but not lasting. 

filing (fi'ling), n. the act of using a 
file: pi. fine fragments rubbed off 
by the action of a file. 

Filipino _ (fil-i-pe'no), n. a native of 
the Philippine Islands. 

filler ('er), n. one who, or that which, 
fills; a funnel for filling bottles, 
&c; composition for stopping up 
holes or pores in a material before 
painting it; the body of a cigar. 

fillet ('et), n. a narrow band of metal, 
linen, silk, &c, worn around the 
forehead, for securing the hair; the 
fleshy part of the thigh: said of 
veal; a boneless lump of meat or 
fish served flat or rolled together 
and tied round; a raised rim, nar- 
row ornament, or molding; a plain 
line or band; the loins of a horse: 
v.t. to bind with a fillet; ornament 
with a fillet; make into fillets, as 
veal, &c. 

filling (fil'ing), p. adj. serving to fill; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FILLIP 



297 



FINEDRAW 



occupying the whole space; satiat- 
ing: n. something that serves to fill 
up a vacant space, cavity, or pore: 
pi. prepared wort. 

fillip ('ip), n. a sudden sharp jerk or 
stroke with the finger; an incite- 
ment: v.t. to strike with the nail of 
the finger by a sudden movement; 
project: v.i. to aim a fillip. 

fillister ('is-ter), n. a rabbet-plane; 
a groove or rabbet on the outer 
edge of a window-sash to receive 
glass. 

filly ('i), n. [pi. fillies ('iz) ], a young 
mare; a bold, lively girl. 

film (film), n. a thin skin or filament; 
a thin covering of some sensitized 
substance to receive a photographic 
impression: v.i. to become covered 
with a film. 

filmy ('i), adj. composed of, or re- 
sembling, films. 

filo-flcss (fi'lo-flos), n. sl fine soft 
thread, used in embroidery. 

filo-plume (-pltim), n. a long slender 
feather with a delicate shaft. 

filose ('los), adj. thread-like. 

filoselle ('lo-zel), n. a kind of floss- 
silk. 

filter (fil'teiO, n. any material or ap- 
paratus by which water or any- 
other liquid is purified; a contri- 
vance for arresting particles of 
steel, dust~&c, in the air; a strainer: 
v.t . to purity, as a liquid. 

filth (filth), n. foul matter; dirt; de- 
filement, moral or physical. 

filthy ('i), adj. [comp. filthier, superl. 
filthiest], foul; dirty; unclean, moral- 
ly or physically; obscene. 

filtrate (fiTtrat), n. a liquid which 
has been filtered: v.t. to filter. 

fin (fin), n. one of the organs of loco- 
motion of a fish. 

finable (fin'a-bl), adj. liable to a 
fine; capable of being refined. 

final (fi'nal), adj. pertaining to the 
end; ultimate; finishing; decisive: 
n. that which is last, or makes an 
end; the deciding heat of an ath- 
letic contest. 



final cause (kawz), n. the end for 
which a thing is done. 

finale (fe-na'la), n. the last passage 
in a musical composition; the final 
act, &c, of a scene or performance; 
termination; end. 

finality (fi-nal'i-ti), n. completeness. 

finance (fi-nans'), n. the public 
revenue of a government or state; 
the science of the profitable manage- 
ment of monetary affairs: v.t. to 
manage the financial arrangement 
of: v.i. to raise money for some spe- 
cial object. 

financial »(-nan'shal), adj. pertaining 
to finance. 

financier (fin-an-ser'), n. one who is 
skilled in the principles of banking, 
or conducts private or public finan- 
cial affairs. 

finback (fin'bak), n. a variety of 
whale, having Jhe dorsal fin promi- 
nent. Also firmer, razorback. 

finch (finch), n. the common name 
for various small birds, as the chaf- 
finch, canary, &c. 

finder ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, finds; a small telescope at- 
tached to a larger one to locate 
some particular star, &c. , to be ex- 
amined by the larger instrument. 

fin de siecle (fang de sia'kl) [French], 
at the end of the century. 

finding (finding), n. discovery; the 
verdict of a jury, or court: pi. the 
tools, &c, which a workman himself 
supplies. 

fine (fin), n. money paid as a pen- 
alty; forfeiture: v.t. to impose a 
monetary penalty upon; purify; re- 
fine; clarify. 

fine (fin), adj. slender; thin; keen; 
pure; refined; subtle; delicate; ele- 
gant; of small diameter; very hand- 
some; noble; showy; admirable; 
splendid; beautiful in thought or 
language; free from clouds or rain; 
dexterous; discriminating; artful: 
adv. very much; finely. 

finedraw ('draw), v.t. to sew up 
neatly, as a rent, so that it is im- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FINEDRAWN 



298 



FIRE-KILN 






perceptible; draw out to extreme 
tenuity, as wire. 

finedrawn ('drawn), adj. spun very 
fine; over-subtle; far-fetched. 

finery (fl'ner-i), n. [pi. fineries (-iz) ], 
personal adornment, as fine or showy 
clothes, &c; outward show. 

finesse (fi-nes'), n- artifice or strat- 
agem; skill; dexterity; finessing at 
whist: v.i. to use artifice or skill to 
accomplish some end; in playing 
whist, to endeavor to take a trick 
with a lower card than that held 
by an opponent, while holding a 
higher card. 

finger-bowl (fing'-ger-bol), n. a bowl 
used at the end of a meal for moisten- 
ing the fingers. 

fingering (-ing), n. the act of touch- 
ing with the fingers; the act of 
manipulating the fingers on a fin- 
gered instrument* fine work exe- 
cuted by the fingers; a loose-twisted 
woolen yarn, used for knitting 
stockings, &c. 

fingerling ('ling), n. a young trout. 

finger-print (print), n. an impres- 
sion of the markings on the fingers, 
used by the police to identify crimi- 
nals. 

fingerstall (-stawl), n. a protective 
covering for an injured finger. . 

finial (fin'i-al), n. a pointed orna- 
ment at the top of a spire, gable, &c. 

finical ('i-kal), adj. fastidious; over 
particular. 

finicality ('i-ti), n. the characteris- 
tic of being finical. 

finikin ('i-kin), adj. fussy or affect- 
edly precise in trifles, as in dress, 
manner, &c; a variety of pigeon. 
Also finicking. 

fining (fin 'ing), n. the act or process 
of purifying or refining; clarifica- 
tion. 

finis (fi'nis), n. the end. 

finish (fin'ish), v.t. to bring to an 
end; complete; put an end to; con- 
clude; make perfect; polish; kill or 
render powerless: v.i. to come to an 
end; expire: n. completion; careful 



elaboration; the final touches given 
to a work. 

finite (fl'nit), adj. having limits: n. 
that which is finite (with the). 

fin-keel (fin'kel), n. a type of keel 
resembling the fin of a fish, and used 
to ballast boats carrying a relatively 
large expanse of sails. 

finlet (fin let), n. a small fin. 

finny ('ni), adj. having fins; resem- 
bling, or abounding in, fish. 

finos (fe'nos), n. wool of the merino 
sheep of the second best quality. 

Finsen lamp (fin-sen-lamp), ii. a 
light for developing rays of ultra- 
violet light, used particularly in the 
treatment of lupus and other super- 
ficial diseases. 

fiord (fyord), n. a long narrow inlet 
or arm of the sea between high rocks 
or banks. 

fir (fer), n. the name of various cone- 
bearing trees of the genus Abies, 
and allied genera; a fir-tree. 

fire-ball ('bawl), n. a grenade; meteor. 

fire-balloon ('bal-loon), n. a bal- 
loon inflated by hot air; a balloon 
sent up with fireworks, which be- 
come ignited when at a certain 
height. 

fire-box ('boks), n. in a locomotive 
engine, the receptacle for the fire. 

fire-brigade (fir'bri-gad), n. the 
members of a fire department. 

firebug ('bug), n. an incendiary. 

fire-clay ('kla), n. a kind of clay 
capable of resisting intense heat. 

firecracker ('krak-er), n. a small 
explosive firework. 

fire-damp ('damp), n. carburetted 
hydrogen. 

fire-dog ('dog), n. an andiron. 

fire-drill (fir'dril), n. the drill of 
school pupils or inmates of any in- 
stitution preparing them for quick 
exit in case of fire. 

fire-escape ('es-kap), n. a kind of 
ladder for rescuing persons from the 
upper parts of a building on fire. 

firefly ('fli), n. a winged insect which 
emits fight at night. 

fire-kiln ('kil), n. an oven. 



s **-- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FIREMAN 



299 



FISSI 



fireman ('man), n. [pi. firemen 
('men)], one trained to extinguish 
fires; a stoker. 

fire-ship ('ship), n. a ship filled with 
combustibles, set fire to, and floated 
among the vessels of an enemy. 

fireside ('sid), n. the hearth: hence 
domestic life and comfort. 

fire-water _ ('waw-ter), n. ardent spir- 
its [American Indian]. 

firework ('werk), n. a preparation of 
gunpowder, sulphur, charcoal, &c, 
inclosed in a cardboard or paper 
case, which, when ignited, scintil- 
lates and explodes: pi. a pyrotechnic 
display. 

fire-worship ('wer-ship), n. the wor- 
ship or veneration of fire as a deity. 

firing ('ing), n. the act of discharging 
firearms^ the application of intense 
heat, as in baking, &c; fuel; cauter- 
ization. 

firkin (fer'kin), n. a small wooden 
vessel for holding butter, lard, &c. ; 
a measure of capacity = l-4th of a 
barrel; 9 gals. 

firm (ferm), adj. hard; compact; 
solid; closely compressed; unyield- 
ing; not easily moved; rigorous; 
staunch; unfaltering; steadfast: n. 
the title or style under which a mer- 
cantile house transacts its business; 
a mercantile partnership. 

firmament (fer'ma-ment), n. the 
sky. 

firman ('man, or 'man), n. a spe- 
cial decree, edict, or license of an 
oriental potentate, as of the Turk- 
ish Sultan. 
first-aid (first-ad), a. surgical or med- 
ical treatment given by a layman 
while waiting for a physician, or by 
an ambulance surgeon at the place 
of injury or by a soldier on the battle- 
field. Efficient first-aid treatment 
khas materially lessened the mortality 
in modern warfare. 
rst-chop ('chop), adj. of the first 
quality. 
rst-class ('klas), adj. of the high- 
est excellence, rank, or quality. 



First-day ('da), n. the name given 
to Sunday by the Society of Friends. 

first-fruits (-fruits), n.pl. the first 
gatherings of the produce of the 
season ; the first profits of any office 
or undertaking. 

first-hand ('hand), n. the mate of a 
fishing-smack: adj. obtained direct 
from the producer or grower. 

firstling ('ling), n. the first-born; 
first produced. 

first-mate ('mat), n. in the mer- 
chant service, the officer next in 
rank to the captain. 

first-rate ('rat), adj. of the highest 
excellence; having the highest qual- 
ity or character: n. a warship of 
the first class: adv. excellently. 

firth, same as frith. 

fiscal (fis'kal), adj. pertaining to the 
exchequer or public revenues ; finan- 
cial: n. a state treasurer [Spanish]. 

fishery ('er-i), n. [pi. fisheries (-iz) ], 
the business of catching fish; a 
fishing-ground; the right to fish at 
a particular time or ground. 

fishgarth ('garth), n. a fish-weir. 

fish gig ('gig), n. a pronged instru- 
ment for spearing fish. Also fizgig. 

fish-glue ('gloo), n. isinglass. 

fish-hawk ('hawk), n. the osprey. 

fishiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being fishy. 

fish-joint ('joint), n. a pair of iron 
plates for fastening the ends of two 
rails together. 

fish-maw ('maw), n. the sound of a 
fish. 

fishmonger ('mung-ger), n. one who 
sells fish. 

fish-sound ('sound), n. the swimming 
or air-bladder of a fish. 

fish-weir ('wer), n. a dam for stop- 
ping or preserving fish. 

fish- wife ('wif), n. a woman who 
retails fish. Also fishwoman. 

fishy ('i), adj. pertaining to, consisting 
of, abounding in, or like, fish; dull; 
Vacant; questionable; incredible. 

fissi, prefix, meaning cleft, occurring 
in various scientific words, as fissi- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FISSILE 



300 



FLAG 



Earous, propagating or multiplying 
y fission. 

fissile (fis'il), adj. capable of being 
split : said of rocks. 

fission (fish'un), n. the act of cleav- 
ing or splitting up into parts; the 
spontaneous division of a simple 
organism into two parts, each of 
which becomes a new individual. 

fissiparous. See fissi. 

fissiped (fis'i-ped), adj. having the 
toes separated: n. an animal belong- 
ing to the Fissipedia, a division of 
carnivorous mammals, including the 
dogs, cats, &c. 

fissure (fish'ur), n. a cleft or crack; 
a narrow opening; furrow: v.t. to 
make a fissure: v.i. to crack. 

fistic (fis'tik), adj. pertaining to pu- 
gilism. 

fisticuffs ('ti-kufs), n. a combat with 
the fists ; boxing. 

fistula ('tu-la), n. a deep pipe-like 
ulcer. 

fistulose (-los), adj. of the nature of 
a fistula; hollow like a pipe. Also 
fistulous. 

fit (fit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fitted, p.pr. 
fitting], to make fit or suitable; 
adapt; accommodate to anj'thing; 
qualify; adjust; equip; benefit: v.i. 
to be proper or suitable: n. adapta-' 
tion of one thing to another; suit- 
ability: adj. [comp. fitter, superl. 
fittest], convenient; suitable; pre- 
pared; qualified. 

fit (fit), n. a sudden attack of disease 
attended with convulsions, and often 
with loss of consciousness; a tem- 
porary mental paroxysm, or attack 
of pain or illness; caprice. 

fitch (fitsh), n. the pole-cat. 

fitful (fit 'fool), adj. capricious; spas- 
modic. 

fitter ('er), n. one who adjusts pipes, 
or puts the parts of a machine to- 
gether; one who fits on and shapes 
an article of dress; a coal-broker. 

fixation (-a/shun), n. the act of fix- 
ing; stability; absence of volatility ; 
reduction from a fluid to a solid 
state. 



fixative ('a-tiv), n. something that 
serves to fix, as a mordant, &c. 

fixed (fikst), p. adj. firm; lasting; 
settled; permanent; stable; estab- 
lished ; resolute ; not volatile. 

fixed body (bod'i), n. a substance 
not readily volatilized, as a fixed oil. 

fixed star (star), n. a star which 
retains relatively the same position 
in the heavens. 

fixing (fiks'ing), n. the act' of making 
firm, or rendering permanent; the 
act of adjusting or- amending; a 
cast to carry a shaft-bearing: pi. 
ornaments, outfit, apparatus, &c. 

fixity ('i-ti), n. stability; perma- 
nence. 

fixture (fiks'ttir), n. that which is 
firmly fixed; an article of furni- 
ture fixed to a house and regarded 
as part of it. 

fizgig (fiz'gig), n. a firework made 
of damp powder; a flirting, giddy 
girl. 

fizz (fiz), n. a hissing noise; an ef- 
fervescent beverage, as sparkling 
champagne: v.i. to make a fizzing 
noise. 

fizzle (fiz'l), v.i. to burn with a fizz 
and soon go out. 

t jeld (fyeld), n. a lofty barren table- 
land [Norwegian]. 

fjord. Same as fiord. 

flabbily (flab'i-li), adv. in a flabby 
manner. 

flabby ('i), adj. easily shaking or 
yielding to the touch; lacking mus- 
cle; mentally or physically feeble. 

flabellate (-bel'at), adj. fan-shaped. 

flabellum (fla-bel'um), n. [pi. flabel- 
la ('a) ], a large fan carried by the 
Pope's attendants; in the Greek 
Church, a fan used to drive away 
flies from the chalice during the cele- 
bration of the eucharist. 

flaccid (flak'sid), adj. flabby; weak. 

flaccidity ('i-ti), n. the state of 
being flaccid. 

flag (flag), n. a piece of cloth or 
bunting on which usually some de- 
vice is wrought, used as a standard, 
ensign, signal, &c; a plant of the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






FLAGELLANT 



301 



FLAP-JACK 



gemis Iris; a flagstone: v.i. [p.t. & 
p.p. flagged, p.pr. flagging], to be- 
come weary; lose vigor; hang down: 
v.t. signal with a flag; pave with 
flagstones. 

flagellant (flaj 'el-ant), adj. using a 
whip or scourge: n. one who 
scourges himself for religious disci- 
pline. 

nagellata (-a/ta), n.pl. a class of in- 
fusorians with whip-like append- 



flagellate ('el-at), v.t. to whip: adj. 
having whip-like processes. 

flageolet (flaj'o-let), n. a musical 
instrument of the flute class. 

flagging (flag'ing), n. pavement of 
flagstones. 

flagitious (fla-jish'us), adj. atrocious; 
wicked ; highly criminal. 

flag-officer (-of'i-ser), n. an admiral. 

flagon (flag'un), n. a large drinking 
vessel with a narrow mouth. 

flagrant (fla'grant), adj. openly 
wicked; heinous; glaring; notorious. 

flagrante delicto (-gran'te de-lik'- 
to) [Latin], in the very act. 

flagstone ('ston), n. a large flat pav- 
ing stone. 

flail (flal), n. a wooden instrument 
for threshing wheat, &c, by hand. 

flake (flak), n. a small film of any- 
thing loosely held together, as 
snow; a thin scaly piece of any- 
thing; a carnation with a single 
color in stripes on a white ground: 
v.t. & v.i. to form into flakes; scale 
or peel off. 

flake- white ('whit), n. pure white 
lead. 

flaky ('i), adj. consisting of flakes 
or layers. 

flam (flam), n. a falsehood; freak; 
blarney ; false pretense. 

flambage (flam-bazh'), n. a process 
of sterilization with the aid of a 
flame or red hot plate. 

flambeau ('bo), n. [pi. flambeaux 
('boz) ], a lighted torch; a large or- 
namental candlestick. 

flamboyant (-boi'&nt), adj. denoting 
a florid or showy style, especially as 



deficient in good taste; denoting the 
French Pointed Gothic, character- 
ized by flame-like tracery. 

flamen (fla'men), n. one of fifteen 
priests in ancient Rome devoted to 
the service of a special deity. 

flamingo (fla-ming'go), n. a long- 
legged, web-footed, red-colored bird. 

flammule (flam'ul), n. a little flame, 
especially the small flame symboliz- 
ing Chinese and Japanese deities. 

flange (flanj), n. a raised or project- 
ing rim for preventing a wheel slip- 
ping, or as an attachment: v.t. to 
attach a flange to. 

flange-steel (flanj '-stel), n. steel that 
is soft enough to be bent at right 
angles without cracking or being 
overstrained. 

flank (flangk), n. the fleshy part of 
an animal between the ribs and 
hip; the side of an army, regiment, 
or building; that part of a fortifica- 
tion constructed to defend another: 
v.t. to attack or turn the flank or 
side of (an army); guard on the 
flank: v.i. to border or touch (with 
on) : adj. pertaining to, or cut from, 
the flank. 

flanker ('er), n. one of a body of 
troops thrown out to protect a line 
of march; a man who walks on the 
flank of grouse-drivers to keep the 
birds in the line required. 

flannel (flan'el), n. a soft-textured, 
loosely-worn cloth with a light nap. 

flannel-cake (flan 'el-cake), n. a grid- 
dle cake of wheat flour, raised with 
baking-powder or yeast. 

flannelet (-et), n. a soft cotton ma- 
terial resembling flannel. 

flap (flap), n. anything broad and 
flexible, hanging loosely, and fas- 
tened on one side; the motion or 
noise of anything broad and flat; 
a slap; the tail of a coat: v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. flapped], to strike with, or 
as with, a flap; let fall; move back- 
wards and forwards rapidly: v.i. to 
move, as wings, with noise. 

flap- jack (flap'jak), n. a pancake that 
is turned in the air permitting the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FLAPPER 



302 



FLEECE 



reverse side to be cooked on the 
griddle. 

flapper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, flaps; a flipper. 

flare (flar), n. a large, unsteady, 
glaring light: v.i. to burn with a 
broad, unsteady light; be offensive- 
ly showy in dress. 

flash-boiler (flash-boil'er), n. type 
of steam generator for automobiles. 

flash-light (-lit), n, a momentary 
brilliant light for taking photo- 
graphs. 

flashing ('ing), n. a name for va- 
rious operations in glass-making: pi. 
pieces of lead or other metal used 
as a cap-joint to keep roofs, &c, 
watertight: adj. emitting flashes. 

flashing-point (-point), n. the tem- 
perature, below the burning-point, 
at which the vapor of a volatile 
liquid will ignite and explode: used 
as a test for illuminants. 

flashy ('i), adj. brilliant, but empty; 
gaudy. 

flask (flask), n. a small bottle; a ves- 
sel, usually metal or leather, for 
holding powder or shot. 

flatten ('n), v.t. to lay flat; make 
level or even; beat down; depress; 
make dull, insipid or tasteless; lower 
in tone: v.i. to become flat or level; 
become insipid. 

flatter (er), v.t. to gain over or please 
by complimentary speech; soothe; 
persuade; raise false hopes or expec- 
tations: v.i. to employ flattery. 

flattery ('er-i), n. [pi. flatteries (-iz)], 
insincere complimentary speech; ad- 
ulation; false praise. 

flatting ('ing), n. the act or process 
of making flat or smooth; the pro- 
cess of rolling metal into sheets by 
cylindrical pressure; the sounding 
of a note below the true pitch; a 
method of house painting by which 
the paint appears lusterless; a coat 
of size laid over gilding to protect it. 

flatulence ('u-lens), n. distension 
of the stomach, caused by gases 
generated within it; emptiness; con- 
ceit. Also flatulency. 



flatulent ('u-lent), adj. affected with, 
or tending to produce, flatulence; 
pretentious; conceited. 

flatwise ('wiz), adv. with the flat 
side downwards. 

flaunt (flant and flawnt), v.i. to 
make an . ostentatious display in 
dress: v.t. behave or exhibit pertly 
or impudently: n. the act of flaunt- 
ing; a boast; brag. 

flav, prefix, occurring in various sci- 
entific compound words, meaning 
yellow. Also flavi, flavo. 

flavor ('ver), n. a particular smell or 
taste: v.t. to impart a flavor to. 

flavoring (-ing), n. an essence or 
extract for giving a flavor to any- 
thing. 

flaw (flaw), n. a blemish; inherent 
defect; crack: v.t. to make a flaw 
in; crack. 

flaxen ('en), adj. resembling, or made 
of, flax; of golden color: said of the 
hair. Also flaxy. 

flaxseed ('sed), n. linseed. 

flay (fla), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flayed, p.pr. 
flaying], to strip off, skin, torture. 

flea (fle), n. a small blood-sucking 
insect of the genus Pulex, remark- 
able for its agility and irritating 
bite. 

fleabane ('ban), n. a plant of the 
aster family. 

flea-bite ('bit), n. the bite of a flea; 
the red spot it causes; a trifling 
wound or trouble; a very small 
quantity. 

fleck (flek), n. a streak or spot: v.t. 
to streak or spot; variegate. 

flection. Same as flexion. 

fledge (flej), v.i. to acquire the full j 
plumage or feathers necessary for j 
flight. 

fledgling ('ling), n. a young bird 
just fledged. 

flee (fle), v.t. [p.t. fled, p.pr. fleeing], 
to run away from; avoid: v.i. to 
hasten away from danger; scatter; 
disappear. 

fleece (fles), n. the whole wool shorn 
from a sheep at one time: v.t. to 
deprive of the wool or fleece; strip; 



ate, arm, ask, a.t, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FLEECE-WOOL 



303 



FLITTER-MOUSE 



plunder by injustice or fraud; cover 
withy or as with, a fleece. 

fleece-wool ('wool), n. wool cut 
from a living animal. 

fleecy ('i), adj. resembling a fleece; 
woolly. 

fleer (fler), n. mockery or contempt ex- 
pressed in words or gesture: v.i. to 
mock or sneer; grin contemptuously. 

fleet (flet), adj. swift; rapid; nimble: 
n. a company of warships or mer- 
chant vessels; a creek or inlet: v.t. 
to move or pass rapidly over; skim. 
-fleshings ('ingz), n.pl. flesh-colored 
tights. 

fleshliness ('li-nes), n. carnality. 

fleshly (li), adj. pertaining to the 
body; corporeal; human; carnal; 
lascivious: adv. carnally. 

fleshy ('i), adj. [comp. fleshier, superl. 
fleshiest], full of flesh; plump; 
corpulent; succulent; gross. 

Fletcherism (fletch'-er-izm), n. sl 
method of diet based on thorough 
mastication of food. 

fleur-de-lis (floor-de-le'), n. [pi. 
fleurs-de-lis], the royal bearing or 
emblem of France; the name for 
various species of iris. 

flew, p.t. of fly. 

flexibility (fleks-i-biri-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being flexible. 
Also flexibleness. 

flexible ('i-bl), adj. easily bent; pli- 
ant; yielding to persuasion. Also 
flexile. 

flexion (flek'shun), n. the act or pro- 
cess of bending; a curve; in gram- 
mar, inflection. 

flexor ^ (fleks'er), n. a muscle that 
acts in bending the joints: opposed 
to extensor. 

flexure Cur), n. the act of bending; 
the part bent; a curve or fold; 
joint. 

flick (flik), n. a light, quick stroke, 
as with a whip: v.t. to whip lightly. 

flicker ('er), v.i. to move with an un- 
steady and quick motion ; flutter 
with the wdngs: n. an unsteady light 

• or movement; the golden- winged 
woodpecker of North America. 



flier (fll'er), n. one who flies, or 
flees; a fugitive; that part of a 
machine that regulates and equalizes 
motion; an essay or feeler: pL a 
straight flight of steps. 

flies, pi. of fly. 

flightily ('i-li), adv. capriciously. 

flighty ('i), adj. changeful; capri- 
cious; extravagant in fancy; wild; 
giddy. 

flimsily (fliro/zi-li), adv. in a flimsy 
manner. 

flimsy ('zi), n. [pi. flimsies ('ziz) ], 
a thin manifold paper, especially 
that used for making reporting 
copies; a bank-note: adj. unsub- 
stantial; thin; w T eak; ineffective. 

flinch (flinch), v.i. to shrink or draw 
back, as from pain, danger, &c: n. 
the act of flinching. 

flinder (flin'der), n. a splinter; frag- 
ment. 

flint (flint), n. a variety of quartz; 
a flint implement; anything pro- 
verbially hard. 

flip-flap (-flap), n. the noise caused 
by something flapping: adv. with a 
flapping sound. 

flippancy (flip'an-si), n. pertness; 
thoughtless fluency of speech. 

flippant ('ant), adj. characterized 
by thoughtless levity of speech, or 
pertness. 

flipper ('er), n. a broad fin, arm, or 
paddle used in swimming, as that of 
the whale, seal, or turtle. 

flirt (flert), v.t. move to and fro with 
a short rapid action; throw with a 
quick elastic motion: v.i. make love 
from mere amusement; coquette: n. 
a coquette; a sudden jerk or toss. 

flirtation (fler-ta'shun), n. the act 
of flirting. 

flirtatious ('shus), adj. inclined to flirt. 

flit (flit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 'flitted: 

, p.pr. flitting], to remove (a thing) 

from one house to another [Scotch]: 

v.i. to pass lightly and swiftly 

along; fly away; skim; migrate. 

flitch (flich), n. the side of a hog 
salted and cured. 

flitter-mouse (flit'er-mous), n. a bat. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^Aen. 



FLITTING 



304 



FLOSS 



flitting (flit'ing), n. the act of flying 
or moving lightly and swiftly; a 
removal. 

flix (fliks), n. soft fur. 

float (not), v.t . to cause to rest or be 
conveyed on the surface of a liquid; 
convey without effort or will; to 
start, sell, or dispose of. 

float-valve (flot'-valv), n. a floating 
valve operated by the rise or fall 
of the liquid on which it rests. 

floccillation (flok-sil-a'shun), n. the 
picking of bed-clothes by a delirious 
patient: regarded as a serious 
symptom. 

floccose (flok'os), adj. covered with 
soft hair or wool; woolly. 

flocculence ('Q-lens), n. the state of 
being flocculent. 

flocculent ('Q-lent), adj. woolly. 

flocculus ('u-lus), n. [pi. flocculi 
(-11) ], a small flake; a small tuft 
of down or wool-like hair. 

floccus ('us), n. [pi. flocci ('si) ], the 
long tuft of hair which terminates 
the tail of certain quadrupeds, as 
the lion; the down on an unfledged 
bird. 

flock (flok), n. a company or collec- 
tion of sheep or birds; a congrega- 
tion; crowd; a lock of wool; fibrous 
material used for stuffing uphol- 
stery, &c: v.i. to come together in 
a flock; assemble. 

floe (flo), n. a large flat mass of float- 
ing ice. 

floe-rat ('rat), n. the ringed seal. 

flog (flog), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flogged, 
p.pr. flogging], to whip; chastise; 
to lash (the water) with the line in 
angling. 

flood (flud), n. a great flow of water; 
inundation; the deluge; high tide; 
the sea; an abundant supply or out- 
pouring of anything: v.t. to deluge; 
inundate; overflow. 

flood-gate ('gat), n. a gate in a 
water-way, which when opened al- 
lows the water to escape when at a 
certain height. 

flood-tide ('tid), n. the rising tide. 

floor age ( ; aj), n. the area of a floor. 



floorer ('er), n. a knock-down blow; an 
unanswerable question or argument. 

flooring ('ing), n. materials for 
floors; floors collectively; pavement. 

flop (flop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flopped, 
p.pr. flopping], to strike frequently; 
unfold with a jerk: v.i. to plump 
down; fall loosely and flatly: n. the 
sound caused by a soft flat body 
coming suddenly in contact with the 
ground: adv. suddenly. 

flora (fl5'ra), n. the wild plants of 
a particular region, district, or geo- 
logical period; a description of such 
plants. 

floral ('ral), adj. pertaining to, re- 
sembling, or consisting of, flowers. 

floral envelope (en'vel-op), n. the 
corolla and calyx of a flower. 

floran ('ran), n. fine-grained tin ore. 

floreated ('re-a-ted), adj. ornamented 
with floral decorations. Also flori- 
ated. 

florescence (flo-res'ens), n. the flow- 
ering of a plant. 

floret ('ret), n. a little flower. 

floretum ('re-tum), n. a botanical 
garden specially devoted to flowers. 

Agricultural (-ri-kul'tur-al), adj. per- 
taining to floriculture. 

floriculture ('ri-kul-tur), n. the cul- 
ture of flowers. 

floriculturist ('tur-ist), n. 
is skilled in floriculture. 

florid (flor'id), adj. bright 
brilliant with decorations; 
ly embellished. 

florin ('in), n. a European silver 
coin, ranging in value in different 
countries from 40 to 50 cents. 

florist (flo'rist), n. one who culti- 
vates flowers for pleasure, or sells 
them for profit. 

flory-boat (flo'ri-bot), n. a small 
boat for conveying passengers be- 
tween a steamboat and the shore at 
low tide. 

flosh (flosh), n. a receptacle into 
which ore is put for stamping. 

floss (flos), n. floss-silk; the soft, 
downy, silken substance in the husks 
of certain plants; the slag on the 



one who 

in color; 
profuse- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FLOSSY 



305 



FLUORESCENCE 



surface of molten iron in a puddling- 
furnace; a small stream. 

flossy ('i), adj. like floss; downy.' 

flotation (flo-ta'shun), n. the act or 
state of floating; the science of float- 
ing bodies. 

flotilla (-til 'a), n. a fleet of small 
vessels. 

flotsam (not'sam), n. goods lost in 
shipwreck, and found floating upon 
the sea. Also flotson. 

flounce (flouns), n. a narrow piece 
of cloth sewed to the skirt of a 
dress or petticoat, with the lower 
border loose and spreading; a sud- 
den jerk or movement of the body, 
indicative of impatience : v.t. to fur- 
nish or trim with flounces: v.i. to 
throw about the limbs and body. 

flounder (flound'der), v.i. to strug- 
gle, roll, or proceed with difficulty, 
as an animal in the mire: n. a flat- 
sea-fish; a bootmaker's tool. 

flour (flour), n. the fine meal of 
ground wheat; a fine soft powder: 
v.t. to sprinkle flour upon. 

flourish (flur'ish), v.i. to prosper or 
thrive; be vigorous; be copious or 
flowery in language; embellish: v.t. 
swing about or brandish; give flour- 
ishes to: n. a figure formed by lines 
or strokes fancifully drawn; the act 
of brandishing; a musical passage 
intended only for display; ostenta- 
tious parade. 

floury (flour'i), adj. resembling, con- 
sisting of, or covered with, flour. 

flout (flout), v.t. to insult; treat con- 
temptuously; jeer: v.i. to scoff; 
sneer: n. an insult; scoff. 

flower (flou'er), n. that part of a 
plant which contains the reproduc- 
tive organs; blossom; the best, or 
choicest, part of anything; the 
prime; a figure or ornamental ex- 
pression. 

floweret (-et), n. a little flower. 

flowering-fern ('er-ing-fern), n. the 
Osmunda regalis. 

flowery ('er-i), adj. abounding, or 
adorned, with flowers; highly figu- 
rative or embellished. 



flowing (flo'ing), p.adj. moving, or 
pouring forth, as a stream; copious; 
fluent; hanging loosely or swaying. 

fluctuate (fluk'tu-at), v.i. to roll to 
and fro, as a wave; undulate; rise 
and fall; be irresolute or wavering. 

flue (flu), n. a pipe or passage to con- 
vey away smoke, hot air, &c; soft 
downy matter; fluff. 

fluency (fiu'en-si), n. the quality of 
being fluent. 

fluent Cent), adj. possessing readiness 
and ease of speech; voluble; eloquent. 

fluey ('i), adj. like flue; fluffy. 

fluff (fluf), n. light down or fur nap: 
v.t. to spread out, as feathers: n. a 
flash. 

flufnness ('nes), n. the quality of be- 
ing fluffy. 

fluffy ('i), adj. consisting of, or cov- 
ered with, fluff; feathery. 

fluid (flu 'id), adj. liquid or gaseous; 
n. a substance the particles of which 
are readily separable. 

fluidity (-id'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being fluid. 

fluke (fluk), n. the broad part of an 
anchor which is fixed into the 
ground; a flounder; a parasitic dis- 
ease in sheep; a variety of potato; 
one of the two lobes of a whale's 
tail; a lucky stroke in billiards: v.i. 
to score by a lucky stroke; use the 
flukes in swimming: said of a whale. 

flume (flum), n. a channel for the 
conveyance of water. 

flummery (flum 'er-i), n. a jelly made 
of flour; blanc-mange; insipidity; 
humbug. 

flunk (flungk), n. a complete failure: 
v.i. to fail completely; retire through 
fear. 

flunky ('i), n. [pi. flunkies ('iz)], a 
liveried servant; a toady; snob; a 
foolish, incautious speculator. Also 
flunkey. 

fluorescence ('ens), n. the quality 
existing in certain transparent bodies 
of giving off under the action of 
light a color differing from their 
own; the property possessed by cer- 
tain substances of becoming lumi- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FLURRY 



306 



FOCIMETRY 



nous when exposed to X-rays or oth- 
er forms of radiant energy. 

flurry (flur'i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flur- 
ried, p.pr. flurrying], to agitate, 
confuse, or bewilder: n. sudden com- 
motion or excitement; hurry; a 
sudden gust. 

flush (flush), v.t. to cause to blush; 
excite; clean out with a rush of 
water; drive from cover: said of 
game birds: v.i. to blush; glow: 
n. a sudden rush of water; flow 
of blood to the face; sudden ex- 
citement or impulse; a flock of 
game birds suddenly started; abun- 
dance; bloom; growth; a hand of 
cards all of the same suit: said of 
cribbage; a bog or morass: adj. level 
with the surface; quite full; abun- 
dant; plentifully supplied with mon- 
ey; vigorous: adv. so as to be level. 

flush deck (dek), n. a deck level from 
stem to stern. 

flushing ('ing), n. the act of cleans- 
ing out by a copious flow of water; 
a glow of red in the face. 

fluster (flus'ter), v.t. to confuse or 
agitate;, hurry: n. agitation or con- 
fusion; excitement. 

flute (flut), n. a tubular wind-instru- 
ment furnished with finger-holes and 
keys; a long channel or groove cut 
in the shaft of a column; crimping 
or furrowing: v.t. to , sound as a 
flute; form parallel grooves or chan- 
nel in; crimp or furrow. 

flutina (-te'na), a kind of accordion. 

fluting (flu'ting), n. a channel or 
groove; fluted work; a flute-shaped 
crimp. 

flutist ('tist), n. a performer on the 
flute. 

flutter (flut'er), v.i. to move or flap 
the wings rapidly; move rapidly and 
irregularly; be in agitation or un- 
certainty: v.t. to throw into con- 
fusion: n. a quick and irregular mo- 
tion; vibration; state of excitement 
or anxiety. 

flutter-wheel (-hwel), n. a water- 
wheel connected with a chute. 

fluvial (flu'vi-al), adj. pertaining to, 



growing or living in, or caused by, 
rivers. Also fluvatile. 

flux (fluks), n. any flow or issue of 
matter; flow of the tide; a substance 
added to assist in the reduction of a 
metal by fusion: v.t. to melt or fuse. 

fluxion (fluk'shun), n. the act of 
flowing or melting; matter that 
flows : pi. in mathematics, the analy- 
sis of infinitely small variable quan- 
tities. 

flyblow ('bid), n. the egg or larva 
of a fly: v.t. & v.i. [p.p. flyblown, 
p.pr. flyblowing], to lay eggs in 
meat, &c, and taint it. 

flying-bridge (-brij), n. a tempo- 
rary bridge. 

flying-buttress (-but'res), n. an 
arched brace for strengthening and 
supporting a part of a building 
which rises above the rest. 

flying-fish (-fish), n. a fish with long 
pectoral fins, which has the power 
of sustaining itself in the air for a 
short time. 

flying- jib (-jib), n. a sail beyond the 
jib. 

flying-squirrel (fli'ing-skwer'el), n. 
a squirrel having elastic folds of 
skin attached to the legs and body, 
permitting it to make long, flying 
leaps. 

fly-wheel (fll'hwel), n. a heavy 
wheel in a machine which regulates 
its motion. 

foal (fol), n. the young of a horse, 
ass, or camel; v.i. to bring forth 
young: said of a mare, &c. 

foam (fom), n. the white ' substance 
formed on a liquid by violent agita- 
tion or fermentation; spume; v.t. 
to cause to foam : v.i. to gather foam; 
be enraged; froth, 

fob (fob), n. a small pocket, especially 
for a watch: v.t. to cheat. 

focal (fo'kal), adj. pertaining to, or 
placed at, a focus. 

focal distance (dis'tans), n. the dis- 
tance between the optical center of 
a lens or mirror and the point where 
the rays converge. 

focimetry (fo-sim'e-tri), n. measur- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FOCOMETRY 



307 



FOLK 



ing the focal distance of mirrors, or 
lenses. 

focometry (fo-kom'e-tri), n. measur- 
ing the focal. length of optical in- 
struments; same as focimetry. 

focus (fo'kus), n. [pi. focuses, (-ez), 
foci ('si) ] the point where a sys- 
tem of rays of light or heat meet 
after being reflected or refracted; 
any central point: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
focused, p.pr. focusing], to bring to 
a focus or center. Also focalize 
(-la). 

fodder (fod'er), n. food for horses, 
cattle, or sheep ; a weight for lead = 
21 cwt. (Also fother): v.t. to feed 
with fodder. 

foe _ (fo), n. a personal enemy; ill- 
wisher; an adversary in war. 

foehn (fon), n. a warm, dry Alpine 
wind, prevalent in Switzerland. 

foeman (fo'man), n. [pi. foemen 
('men) ], an adversary in war. 

fcetal (fe'tal), adj. pertaining to the 
foetus. 

foeticide ('ti-sld), n. the destruction 
of a foetus in the womb; criminal 
abortion. 

foetus ('tus), n. the young of vivipa- 
rous animals in the uterus. 

fog-bank ('bangk), n. a dense mass 
of fog at sea, appearing like land in 
the distance. 

foggily (fog'i-li), adv. in a foggy 
manner; dimly. 

foggy ('i), adj. abounding in, or filled 
with, fog; bewildered; obscure; ob- 
tuse. 

fogy (fo'gi), n. [pi. fogies ('giz) ], a 
person of old-fashioned or eccentric 
habits. Also fogey, fogie. 

fohat (fo'at), n. a term used in oc- 
cultism to denote the connecting 
link between mind and matter. 

foible (foi'bl), n. a failing or. imper- 
fection in character; the weakest 
part of the blade in a sword. 

foil (foil), v.t. to baffle or frustrate; 
defeat: n. a long thin fencing weapon 
with a button on the end; the trail 
of hunted game; a thin plate, or 
sheet of metal; a contrast to set 



something off to advantage; a small 
arc in the tracery of a Gothic win- 
dow, &c. 

foist (foist) v.t. to place in wrong- 
fully or surreptitiously; palm off 
slyly (with in, into, upon). 

fokker (fok'er), n. 1916 type of Ger- 
man war-planes. 

fold (fold), v.t. to bend one part over 
another; inclose; wrap up; shut up 
in a pen or fold: n. a part bent or 
doubled over another; a plait. 

folder ('er), n. one who, or that which, 
folds; a name for various instruments 
or contrivances for folding. 

folderol (fol'de-rol), n. mere non- 
sense; an idle fancy or conceit; a 
silly trifle. 

folding-doors (-dorz), n.pl. a pair 
of doors hung on opposite side-posts 
and meeting in the middle. 

foliaceous (fo'li-a'shus), adj. resem- 
bling, shaped like, or having, leaves; 
consisting of thin plates or laminae. 

foliage ('li-aj), n. leaves collectively; 
the artistic representation of leaves, 
flowers, &c, as in architectural 
decoration. 

foliated ('li-a-ted), p.adj. beaten, 
formed into, or covered with, thin 
plates; splitting into lamina?; deco- 
rated with leaf -like ornamentation. 

foliation (-a 'shun), n. the act of 
leafing; the act or process of beating 
a metal into thin plates; lamina- 
tion: said of a mineral; the number 
of the leaves of a book. 

folio (fo'li-o), n. a book of the larg- 
est size formed by folding a sheet of 
paper once; a page of MS. or print- 
ed matter; the right and left hand 
pages of a ledger, &c. ; in legal doc- 
uments 72 words of MS., 100 words 
in Congressional proceedings; a case 
for music, &c; adj. having a sheet 
of paper folded once: v.t. to page. 

foliole (fo'li-ol), n. a leaflet. 

foliose ('li-os), adj. resembling a leaf; 
covered with leaves. 

folk (folk or fok), n. people in gen- 
eral; nation or race; one's relatives. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FOLK-LORE 



308 



FOOT-POUND 






folk-lore ('lor), n. popular tradi- 
tions, customs, beliefs, &c. 

folk-song ('song), n. a popular song 
or ballad, illustrative of the common 
life of the people. 

follia (fol-le'a), n. a kind of musical 
composition consisting of varieties 
on a given air. 

follicle (fol'i-kl), n. a seed-vessel; 
a very small tube or cavity; a sim- 
ple gland. 

follicular (-ik'ti-lar), adj. like a fol- 
licle. 

follow (fol'o), v.t. to go or come 
after; pursue; succeed in order; ac- 
company; attend; espouse the opin- 
ions or cause of; imitate or conform 
to; watch or attend to closely; to 
practice: v.i. to go or come after an- 
other; result: n. a particular stroke 
in billiards or croquet. 

folly (fol'i), n. [pi. follies ('iz) ], 
want of understanding; foolishness; 
unbecoming conduct ; criminal weak- 
ness; sin. 

foment (fo-menf), v.t. to bathe with 
warm or medicated liquids; excite; 
stir up or instigate. 

fomentation (-men-ta'shun), n. the 
act of fomenting; warm or medi- 
cated liquids applied to a diseased 
part; incitement. 

fomes (fo'mez), n. [pi. fomites ('mi- 
tez) ], a porous substance, as wool, 
&c, capable of retaining germs, and 
thus communicating contagion. 

fond (fond), adj. affectionate; lov- 
ing; ardently attached or devoted; 
partial to; injudiciously, foolishly 
indulgent (with of). 

fondle (fon'dl), v.t. to caress; treat 
with tenderness; handle tenderly: 
v.t. to exhibit fondness. 

fondling ('dling), n. one who, or that 
which, is fondled. 

fondu (fong-doo'), adj. in calico 
printing and paper hangings, the 
gradual blending of one color into 
another. 

font (font), n. a stone receptacle to 
hold the water used in baptizing; a 



complete assortment of a particular 
kind of type. 

fontal ('al), adj. pertaining to a 
font. 

fontanel (fon'ta-nel), n. one of the 
six open spaces in the skull of an 
infant; a seton. 

foolhardy ('har-di), adj. foolishly 
bold; daringly rash; regardless of 
consequences. 

fooling ('ing), n. foolish speech or 
conduct; buffoonery; banter; idle 
interference. 

foolish ('ish), adj. acting without 
reason or judgment; weak-minded; 
silly; ridiculous; trifling; contempt- 
ible. 

foolscap (foolz'kap), n. a size of pa- 
per about 17 in. by 14 in.: origin- 
ally water-marked with the cap and 
bells formerly worn by professional 
jesters. 

foot (foot), n. [pi. feet (fet) ], that 
part of the leg on which an animal 
walks or stands; the lower part, 
base, foundation, or end of any- 
thing; that part of a boot or stock- 
ing which receives the foot; a meas- 
ure equal to 12 in.; infantry soldiers; 
a certain number of. syllables consti- 
tuting part of a verse: v.t. to add a 
foot to, as a stocking; add fig- 
ures in a column, and place the total 
at the bottom: v.i. to dance; go on 
foot. 

football ('bawl), n. a large india- 
rubber ball encased in leather, used 
in the game of football. 

footing .('ing), n. ground or support 
for the feet; tread; a firm or as- 
sured position; dance; an entertain- 
ment given by a new employe, &c, 
to his fellow-workmen; state or con- 
dition. 

footman ('man), n. [pi. footmen 
('men) ], a livery servant who at- 
tends a carriage, waits at table, &c. 

footpad ('pad), n. a highwayman 
who robs on foot. 

foot-pound ('pound), n. the unit of 
energy equal to work required to 
raise 1 lb. through a space of 1 ft. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boo 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



' 



FOPPERY 



309 



FORELAND 



foppery ('er-i), n. [pi. fopperies 
(-iz) ], dandyism. 

foppish ('ish), adj. affected in dress 
and manners. 

forage (for'aj), n. food for horses 
and cattle; a search for provisions: 
v.i. to wander about in search of 
provisions: v.t. to supply with for- 
age. 

foraging (-ing), n. the act of search- 
ing for forage. 

foramen (fo-ra/men), n. [pi. foram- 
ina (ram'i-na) ], a short passage or 
opening, as in a bone, or ovule. 

foraminated (-ram'i-na 'ted), adj. 
furnished with small holes or fo- 
ramina. Also foraminate. 

foray (for'a), n. a predatory expedi- 
tion in border warfare: v.t. to plun- 
der or ravage. 

forbade p.t. of forbid. 

forbear (-bar'), v.t. [p.t. forbore, 
p.p. forborne, p.pr. forbearing], to 
abstain from; excuse; spare: v.i. to 
restrain one's self; be patient: n. an 
ancestor. Also forebear. [Scotch.] 

forbearance ('ans), n patience; in- 
dulgence; self-command. 

forbid (-bid'), v.t. [p.t. forbade, p.p. 
forbidden, forbid, p.pr. forbidding], 
to prohibit; command not to do; op- 
pose. 

force (fors), n. active power; vigor; 
strength; energy; violence; power 
to persuade or convince; validity; 
legality; efficacy; meaning; troops; 
armament; a trained or organized 
body; unlawful violence to property 
r person; any cause that produces, 
r tends to produce, motion, or a 
hange of motion, in a body; a wa- 
r fall: v.t. to compel; overpower 
y strength; impel; push; press; 
ain; cause to grow or ripen by 
ificial means: v.i. to endeavor, 
orcemeat (fors'met), n. meat chopped 
fine and seasoned. 

forceps (for'seps), n. pincers or pliers 
for seizing and extracting anything. 

forcible (for'si-bl), adj. ^ character- 
ized by mental or physical power; 
vigorous; violent. 



forcibly ('si-bli), adv. in a forcible 
manner; vigorously; violently. 

ford (ford), n. a shallow part of a 
stream, &c, which can be crossed by 
men or animals: v.t. to wade 
through, or pass over without swim- 
ming. 

fore, a prejix meaning before, in front, 
much used on composition: its mean- 
ing is usually self-evident. 

fore and aft (aft), the entire length 
of a ship. 

forebear. See under forbear. 

forebode (-bod'), v.t. to presage, es- 
pecially evil; feel a presentiment 
of: v.i. to foretell (evil). 

forebow ('bo), n. the pommel of a 
saddle. 

forecast ('kast), n. a previous con- 
trivance; foresight; prediction of 
the weather: v.t. (for-kast'), to plan 
or calculate beforehand; foresee; 
predict. 

forecastle (fok'sl), n. the part of a 
vessel forward of the foremast, 
where the seamen take their meals 
and sleep. 

foreclose (for-kloz'), v.t. to cut off 
from the right of redemption: said 
of a mortgage. 

forefather ('fa</i-er), n. a male an- 
cestor. 

Forefather's Day ('fa-^erz da,), n. 
Dec. 21, the date when the Pilgrim 
Fathers landed at Plymouth, Mass., 
1620: observed as an anniversary in 
New England, &c. 

foregather (-ga^'er), v.i. to assemble; 
associate (with with). 

forego (-go'), v.t. [p.t. forewent, p.p. 
foregone,' p.pr. foregoing], to re- 
nounce or refrain from; give up: 
v.t. precede. 

forehead (for'ed), n. that part of the 
face between the eyes and the hair; 
brow. 

foreign (for'en), adj. belonging to 
another nation or country; alien; 
exotic; extraneous; remote. 

foreland (for'land), n. point of land 
projecting into the sea; headland. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






FORELOCK 



310 



FORLORN-HOPE 



forelock ('lok), n. a lock of hair 
growing on the forehead; a linchpin. 

foreman ('man), n. [pi. foremen 
{'men)], the spokesman of a jury; 
an overseer. 

forensic (fo-ren'sik), adj. pertaining 
to, or used in, courts of justice or 
public debate. 

forensic medicine (med'i-sin), n. 
medical jurisprudence. 

forereach (for-rech'), v.t. to gain 
upon: v.i. to forge ahead in stays: 
said of a, vessel. 

forerun (-run'), v.t. [p.t. foreran, 
p.p. forerun, p.pr. forerunning], to 
run before; precede; announce. 

foresail ('sal), n. a large square sail, 
the principal one on the foremast. 

foreshore ('shor), n. that part of a 
beach or shore situated between the 
high and low water marks. 

foreshorten (-short'n), v.t. to depict 
(figures as they appear to the eye 
when viewed obliquely) so as to 
convey the impression of full length. 

forest (for 'est), n. a large extent of 
ground covered with trees; wood- 
land; an uncultivated tract of land, 
more or less covered with trees and 
undergrowth: adj. pertaining to a 
forest; rustic; sylvan: v.t. to cover 
with trees or forest. 

forestall (-stawl'), v.t. to be before- 
hand with; anticipate; buy up in 
advance. 

forestay ('sta), n. a strong rope 
reaching from the foremast-head to 
the bow of a vessel to strengthen 
the foremast. 

forester (for'est-er), n. one skilled 
in forestry, or an officer who has 
charge of a forest; an inhabitant of 
a forest or wild region. 

forestry ('est-ri), n. the art of cul- 
tivating forests or managing timber. 

foretop (for'top), n. the platform at 
the head of a foremast. 

foretopmast (-mast), n. the mast 
immediately above the foremast. 

forever (for-ev'er), adv. endless; for 
eternity. 

forewind ('wind), n. a favorable wind. 



forfeit (for'fit), n. a fine or penalty: 
v.t. to lose (some position, right, or 
advantage) by breach of conditions, 
omission, or conduct: adj. alienated 
or lost. 

forfeiture ('fi-tur), n. the act of for- 
feiting; that which is forfeited; pen- 
alty. 

forfend (-fend'), v.t. to ward off. 

forge (forj and forj), v.t. to fashion 
(a piece of metal) by heating and 
hammering; form into shape; in- 
vent; counterfeit, with intent to de- 
fraud; impel forward. 

forgeable ('a-bl), adj. capable of 
being forged. 

forger ('er), n. one who commits the 
crime of forgery; a fabricator. 

forgery (-i), n. the act of counter- 
feiting the handwriting of another 
with intent to defraud; the act of 
counterfeiting coin. 

forget (for-gef), v.t. [p.t. forgot: p.p. 
forgotten, p.pr. forgetting], to lose 
the remembrance of; overlook or 
neglect; slight. 

forgetable ('a-bl), adj. liable to be 
forgotten. 

forge tfulness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being forgetful; loss of remem- 
brance; neglect. 

forget-me-not ('me-not), n. a per- 
ennial plant with small bright sky- 
blue flowers. 

forgivable (-giv'a-bl), adj. that may 
be forgiven. 

forgive (-giv'), v.t. [p.t. forgave, p.p. 
forgiven, p.pr. forgiving], to par- 
don; remit, as a sin, offense, debt, 
&c: v.i. to exhibit forgiveness. 

fork (fork), n. an instrument with 
two or more prongs; anything re- 
sembling, or branching like, a fork; 
the branch or space caused by the 
junction of two roads or rivers: v.t. 
to raise, throw, or dig with a fork; 
steal: v.i. to branch off. 

forlorn (-lorn'), adj. abandoned; de- 
serted; destitute; miserable; bereft; 
hopeless. 

forlorn-hope (-hop), n. a body of 
men detached for some service of ex- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl: me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FORMAL 



311 



FORTIFICATION 



ceptional peril; a hopeless enter- 
prise. 

formal ('al), adj. according to form 
or established rules; precise; cere- 
monious; conventional; essential; 
having the outward form without 
the inward reality. 

formaldehyde (form-al'de-hid), n. a 
gas obtained by the partial oxida- 
tion of methyl alcohol, used largely 
as a disinfectant and as an anti- 
septic. 

formalin (form'al-in), n. a 40 per 
cent solution of formaldehyde, used 
for preserving specimens for biolog- 
ical work. Also formol. 

formalism (-izm), n. exact and scru- 
pulous observance of outward forms 
and conventional usages, especially 
in religious duties. 

formalist (-ist), n. a scrupulous ob- 
server v of outward forms. 

formality ('i-ti), n. [pi. formalities 
(-tiz)], strict adherence to external 
or customary forms; ceremony; 
method or mode. 

formate (for'mat), n. a salt of for- 
mic acid. 

formation (-ma/shun), n. the act of 
forming; that which is formed; 
structure; figure; production; a 
group of strata of nearly the same 
age having certain common charac- 
teristics. 

formative ('ma-tiv), adj. giving or 
serving to form; plastic; germinal: 
n. a word formed by adding a pre- 
fix, or suffix. 

former ('mer), adj. preceding in time 
or place; first mentioned: n. a mak- 
er; author. 

formic ('mik), adj. pertaining to, or 
produced by, ants; derived from 
formic acid. 

formic acid (as'id), n. a colorless 
corrosive acid consisting of oxygen, 
hydrogen, and carbon, obtained from 
oxalic acid and glycerine: originally 
obtained from the bodies of red ants. 

formicant ('mi-kant), adj. weak: 

said of the pulse. 
formication (-mi-ka'shun), n. irri- 



tation of the skin, resembling that 

• made by the creeping of ants. 

formidable ('mid-a-bl), adj. exciting 
dread; fearful; powerful. 

formula ('u-la), n. [pi. formulas 
(-laz), formulae (-le)], a prescribed 
form, rule, or model; a group of 
symbols, expressing the composition 
of a chemical compound; a formal 
statement of faith or doctrine; a 
prescription; the expression of a 
rule by algebraic symbols. 

formulary (-ri), n. [pi. formularies 
(-riz)], a book of stated and pre- 
scribed forms, or. of prayers, ritual, 
&c; a formula. 

formulate ('u-lat), v.t. to put into 
the form of, or reduce to, a formula; 
fix or state, in definite terms. 

fornicate (forn'i-kat), v.i. to com- 
mit fornication: adj. arched; vault- 
ed. 

fornication (-i-ka'shun) , n. the illicit 
sexual intercourse of unmarried per- 
sons; adultery; idolatry; an arch- 
ing or vaulting. 

fornix (for'niks), n. [pi. fornices 
('ni-sez)], in anatomy, an arch- 
shaped part; the upper shell of an 
oyster. 

forsake (-sak'), v.t. [p.t. forsook, p.p. 
forsaken, p.pr. forsaking], to leave; 
desert; abandon; depart from. 

forsooth (-sooth'), adv. verily; in 
truth. 

forswear (-swar'), v.i. [p.t. forswore, 
p.p. forsworn, p.pr. forswearing], to 
swear falsely; commit perjury: v.t. 
to deny on oath; abjure. 

fort (fort), n. an inclosed fortified 
place; castle; fortress. 

fortalice ('a-lis), n. a small fort, or 
fortified outwork. 

forte (fort), n. one's strong point, or 
special talent. 

forth (forth), adv. onward in time, 
place, or order; forward; abroad; 
away. ' 

fortification (-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
art or science of fortifying; a mili- 
tary defensive work; a strengthen- 
ing. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; hoon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




FORTIFIER 312 FOUNTAIN-HEAD 

fortifier ('ti-fi-er), n. one who forti- foster ('ter), v.t. to nourish; nurse; 
fies. rear up; sustain or support; cherish. 

fortify Cti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. forti- foster-brother (-bruf/j'er), n. a 
fied, p.pr. fortifying], to strengthen brother by nursing, but not by birth, 
against attack by military works; foster-child (-child), n. a child 
make strong; encourage or confirm: nursed or reared by one who is not 
v.i. to erect works of defense. its parent. 

fortitude ('ti-tud), n. mental strength f other. Same as fodder, 
to endure suffering or adversity with fought, p.t. & p.p. of fight, 
courage; patient endurance. foul (foul), adj. offensive, morally or 

fortnight (fort'nit), n. 14 days. physically; dirty; impure; scurril- 

fortress ('res), n. a large permanent ous; filthy; hateful; loathsome; dis- 
fortified place for defense or secur- graceful; unfair; cloudy and stormy; 
ity; castle. contrary, as a wind; thick with 

fortuitous (-tti'i-tus), adj. happen- weeds, &c; entangled, as an anchor: 
ing by chance; accidental. n. a wilful collision: v.t. to make 

fortuity ('i-ti), n. [pi. fortuities foul or dirty; sully or defile; come 
(-tiz) ], an accidental occurrence; into collision with: v.i. to become 
chance. foul or dirty . 

fortunate ('tu-nat), adi. happening foulard (foo-lard'), n. a light silk, or 
by good fortune; lucky; auspicious; silk-cotton washable dress fabric; a 
successful. silk handkerchief for wear round the 

fortune ('tun), n. the good or ill . neck or head. 

that happens to mankind; chance; foumart ('mart), n. the pole-cat. 
fate; estate; wealth; possessions; found (found), v.t. to lay the basis 
future destiny. of; build; fix firmly; establish; orig- 

fortune-hunter (-hun'ter), n. one inate; form by melting a metal and 
who seeks to marry an heiress, or pouring it into a mold; cast, 
wealthy woman. foundation (foun-da'shun), n. the 

forum jj(for'um), n. [pi. fora ('a), basis or lowest part of a structure; 
forums ('umz) ], the public place of groundwork; the principles or origin 
meeting in ancient Rome, where the of anything; an endowment or en- 
law courts, public offices, &c, were dowed institution; the first stitches 
situated: hence a place of public re- in knitting or crocheting, 
sort, or court of law. founder ' (foun'der), n. one who 

forwarder (-er), n. one who for- founds or originates; builder; one 
wards or promotes; a merchant who wno casts metal: v.t. to sink by fill- 
transmits goods; the workman who in K with water: disable or make 
forwards the rough work in book- lame: said of a horse: v.i. to fill and 
binding to the finisher*. sink; go lame. 

fossil (fos'il), n. any organic body f °" ndI jng (found'ling), n a. child 
which by burial in the earth's strati t foimd w £°f p f e 7 n J 1S "^ kn ? w . n ; , 
has become petrified; a person an- fo M ndry 1 ( n >' ?' [P*.foundnes (nz) J, 
tiquated in his ideas: adj. pertain- the P lace where metal castm S ls 
ing to, of the nature of, or converted , carried on. 

into, a fossil; dug from the earth; foun * ( fo ™t), n. a fountain or 
antiquated. ' s P rm ?; origma source. 

- ..., . .,._ . 7 . fountain (foun'tan), n. a natural or 

fossihferous (-if er-us), adj. con- artificial spring of water; the head 
taming fossils. or gource of a river; a - et or gpout 

fossilize (-Iz), v.t. to petrify: v.i. to of water; the first cause or origin, 
become antiquated. fountain-head (-hed), n. the spring 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FOUNTAIN-PEN 



313 



FRANC 



from which a stream flows; the first 
source. 

fountain-pen n. a pen having a 
reservoir of ink in the holder. 

fourchette (foor-shef), n. a forked 
surgical instrument; the wish-bone 
of a bird; the frog of a horse's foot. 

fourgon (foor-gong'), n. a military 
ammunition wagon, or baggage car- 
riage. 

Fourierism (foo'ri-er-izm), n. the 
socialistic and cooperative system 
advocated by Fourier, the French 
socialist. 

four-in-hand (for 'in-hand), n. a 
coach drawn by four horses and 
driven by one person; a necktie, worn 
tied in a knot so as to leave the ends 
hanging vertically: adv. with a team 
of four horses. 

fourneau (foor-no'), n. the chamber 
of a mine in which the powder is 
placed. 

four-o'clock ('o-klok), n. a flower, 
the Marvel of Peru. 

Fourth, n. the fourth day of July. 
Independence Day. 

fo villa (fo-vil'a), n. the gummy fer- 
tilizing protoplasmic liquid of pollen 
grain. 

fowl (foul), n. a gallinaceous bird, 
especially the domestic cock or hen; 
poultry; birds collectively : v.i. to 
catch or kill wild birds for sport or 
food. 

fowler ('er), n. one who catches or 
kills wild birds for sport or food. 

fowling ('ing), n. the act or practice 
of catching or shooting wild birds. 

fox-brush ('brush), n. the tail of a 
fox. 

foxed (fokst), p.adj. stained, as tim- 
ber, or spotted, as prints, books, &c, 
with a reddish discoloration; re- 
paired with leather: said of a boot. 

foxglove ('gluv), n. a plant of the 
genus Digitalis, especially the purple 
foxglove, the leaves of which are 
used medicinally. 

fox-grape ('grap), n. a variety of 
grape. 



foxhound ('hound), n. one of a breed 
of dogs used for fox-hunting. 

foxiness ('i-nes), n. sly cunning, or 
shrewdness; the state of being de- 
cayed, or sour. 

foxtail ('tal), n. the name of various 
species of grass ; the tail of a fox. 

foxy ('i), adj. pertaining to, or re- 
sembling, a fox; cunning; crafty; 
reddish-brown; soured; discolored. 

foyer (fwa-ya'), n. the lobby of a 
theater. 

fracas (fra'kas), n. a noisy quarrel. 

fraction (frak'shun), n. a part bro- 
ken off; act of breaking; the state of 
being broken; a part of a unit, as %. 

fractional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or constituting, a fraction; very 
small. 

fractious ('shus), adj. unruly; cross. 

fracture ('tur), n. a part broken; a 
break caused by violence; separa- 
tion; the direction in which a min- 
eral breaks so as to show its texture: 
v.t. to break, or crack, as a bone, &c. 

fragile (fraj'il), adj. easily broken; 
weak; delicate. 

fragment (frag'ment), n. a part 
broken off from a whole; an imper- 
fect part. 

f ragmen tal (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or composed of, fragments, discon- 
nected; made of parts of pre existent 
rock; conglomerate. Also fragmen- 
tary. 

fragmentation (-ta'shun), n. fission. 

fragrance (fra'grans), n. the state 
or quality of being fragrant. Also 
fragrancy. 

fragrant ('grant), adj. sweet-smell- 
ing. 

frail (fral), adj. fragile; brittle; 
weak, physically or morally; infirm: 
n. a basket made of rushes. 

f raise (fraz), n. palisading formed 
of inclined or horizontal stakes. 

framable (fram'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being framed. 

framework ('werk), n. that which 
incloses or supports something else. 

franc (frangk), n. a French coin, the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FRANCHISE 



314 



FREE-LANCE 



unit of monetary value equal to 19.3 
cents. 

franchise (fran'chiz), n. the consti- 
tutional right of suffrage; a particu- 
lar privilege or right granted by a 

• sovereign or by a legislative body to 
an individual, or to a corporation 
the district or jurisdiction to which 
a particular privilege extends. 

Franco, a form used in composition 
to denote France, or French, as the 
Franco-German war. 

francolin (frang'ko-lin), n. a bird al- 
lied to the partridge. 

frangibility (franj-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being frangible. 

frangible ('i-bl), adj. easily broken. 

frank (frangk), adj. open or ingenu- 
ous; candid; outspoken; unreserved: 
n. a signature that exempts mail- 
matter from payment of postage : a 
letter privileged to go post-free: v.t. 
to send or have conveyed free of 
charge. 

Frank (frangk), n. name by which 
the Christian Europeans were known 
to the Mohammedans during the 
period of the Crusades. 

frankincense ('in-sens), n. a fra- 
grant inflammable resin burnt as in- 
cense. 

frantic (fran'tik), adj. violently mad 
or distracted; outrageous; trans- 
ported by passion. 

frap (frap), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. frapped, 
p.pr. frapping], to strengthen or 
draw together by ropes crossing each 
other; undergird. 

frappe (-pa/), adj. chilled with ice. 

fraternal (fra-ter'nal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, becoming, or like, brothers. 

fraternize (frat'er-niz), v.i. to asso- 
ciate or hold fellowship as brothers. 

fraternity (fra-ter'ni-ti), n. [pi. fra- 
ternities (-tiz) ], brotherly relation- 
ship; a body of men associated to- 
gether by a common bond of interest, 
especially of a religious character; 
men of the same profession or class. 

fratricide (frat'ri-sid), n. the crime 
of killing a brother; one who kills a 
brother. 



fraud (frawd), n. deceit; artifice; 
trick; cheat; a humbug. 

fraudulence ('u-lens), n. deceitful- 
ness; trickery; unfairness. 

fraudulent ('ii-lent), adj. character- 
ized by, founded on, or obtained by, 
fraud. 

fraught (frawt), adj. laden; charged. 

fray (fra), n. a riot; quarrel; a chafe 
or rub: v.t. to chafe or wear away. 

fraying ('ing), n. the act of wearing 
away by friction; the peeling off of 
the velvet of a deer's horn. 

frazzle (fra'zl), n. worn-out woven 
stuff, rope etc.: v.i. to become 
frayed. 

freak (frek), n. sudden or capricious 
change of mind, or whim; a prank; 
an abnormal animal or plant: v.t. 
to variegate; spot or streak. 

freckle (frek'l), n. a brownish spot 
in the skin: v.t. to mark with freck- 
les: v.i. to become freckled. 

freckly ('li), adj. marked with freck- 
les. 

freebooter ('boot-er), n. one who 
roves about for plunder or pillage; 
buccaneer. 

free city (sit'i), n. a city having an 
independent franchise and govern- 
ment. 

freedman (fred'man), n. [pi. f reed- 
men ('men) ], a slave who has been 
legally emancipated. 

freedom (fre'dum), n. the state of 
being free; liberty; independence; 
ease in performance; particular 
privilege; absence of conventionali- 
ty; undue familiarity. 

free-hand ('hand), adj. drawn by 
the hand without the aid of instru- 
ments. 

free-handed (-ed), adj. generous; 
liberal. 

freehold ('hold), n. an estate or ten- 
ement held by fee-simple, fee-tail, or 
for life. 

free-lance ('lans), n. one of a class 
of mediaeval soldiers who sold their 
services to fight for the highest bid- 
der; one who acts, speaks, or writes 
irrespective of any party. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FREEMAN 



315 



FRET-SAW 



freeman ('man), n. [pi. freemen 
('men) ], one in the enjoyment of 
liberty; one possessed of certain 
franchises or municipal privileges. 

Freemason ('ma-sn), n. a member of 
a secret society in the Middle Ages, 
consisting formerly of skilled crafts- 
men, now a social association pro- 
fessing principles of brotherly love, 
charity, and mutual aid. 

free port (port), n. a port where no 
duties are levied on merchandise. 

Free-soil ('soil), adj. opposed to the 
extension of slavery: said of the 
party formed at Boston, United 
States, 1848, to restrict slavery. 

freestone ('ston), n. a sandstone 
suitable for working. 

freethinker ('thingk-er), n. one who 
forms his opinions independently of 
others; one who rejects revelation 
in religion, and dogmatic belief; a 
latitudinarian. 

free trade (trad), n. trade with other 
countries unrestricted by tariffs or 
customs duties. 

free-will ('wil), adj, voluntary; hold- 
ing the theological doctrine that 
man is free to exercise his will for 
good or evil. 

freezable (frez'a-bl), adj. that may 
be frozen. 

freeze (frez), v.t. [p.t. froze, p.p. 
frozen, p. pr. freezing], to congeal or 
harden into ice; kill by cold: v.i. to 
be congealed with cold; be chilled 
with cold; be at or below the tem- 
perature of 32°. 

freezing-point ('ing-point), n. 32° 
above 0° in the Fahrenheit scale 
(0° Centigrade), at which water 
freezes. 

freight (frat), n. the goods with 
which a vessel is loaded; cargo; 
goods carried by rail; the sum paid 
or charged for the conveyance of 
goods: adj. used for conveying 
goods: v.t. to load with goods for 
conveyance; hire or charter. 

freightage ('aj), n. charge for freight; 
cargo. 



freight-car ('kar), n. a railway car 
for transporting freight. 

freighter ('er), n. one who freights 
a ship or car; shipper; a vessel for 
conveying freight. 

French (french), adj. pertaining to 
France, its inhabitants, or language. 

french leave (-lev), n. departure 
without ceremony or notice. 

frenzied (fren'zid), p. adj. affected 
with frenzy; delirious. 

frenzy ('zi), n. [pi. frenzies ('ziz) ], 
violent agitation; temporary mad- 
ness; fury: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fren- 
zied, p.pr. frenzying], to throw into 
a frenzy; render mad. 

frequency (fre'kwen-si), n. the re- 
peated occurrence of a thing at 
short intervals. 

frequent , ('kwent), adj. recurring 
often: v.t. (fre-kwent') to resort to, 
t or visit often. 

frequentative ('ta-tiv), adj. in 
grammar, noting repetition, as cer- 
tain verbs. 

fresco (fres'kd), n. [pi. frescos, fres- 
coes ('koz) ], a method of wall- 
painting in water-colors on fresh 
plaster:* v.t. to decorate or paint in 
fresco. 

freshet ('et), n. a flood caused by 
melting snow or heavy rain. 

freshman ('man), n. [pi. freshmen 
('men) ], a college student in his 
first year. 

fresh-water ('waw-ter), adj. per- 
taining to, living in, found in, or 
formed in, fresh water; accustomed 
to river navigation or the coasting 
trade. 

fret (fret), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fretted, 
p.pr. fretting], to wear away by fric- 
tion; injure by rubbing; corrode; 
agitate; vex; irritate; make rough 
on the surface; ornament with 
raised or interlaced work; •varie- 
gate: v.i. to be worn away by fric- 
tion or corrosion; be agitated or 
irritated; utter peevish complaints. 

fretful ('fool), adj. peevish: irritated. 

fret-saw ('saw), n. a long, thin, nar- 



ate, arm, 






:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FRETTE 



316 



FRISK 



row saw with fine teeth, used for 
cutting frets. 

frette (-ta/), adj. decorated with fret- 
work. Also fretted. 

fretwork ('werk), n. carved, raised, 
or open ornamental work. 

friability (fri-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being friable. Also 
friableness. 

friable ('a-bl), adj. readily crum- 
bled, or reduced to powder. 

friar ('er), n. one of a mendicant 
order of monks in the Roman Cath- 
olic Church. 

friary (-ri), n. a monastery. 

fricassee (frik-a-se'), n. a dish of 
chicken, rabbit, or other meat cut 
into small pieces, stewed and fried 
with gravy or sauce: v.t. to make 
into, or dress like, a fricassee. 

fricative ('a-tiv), n. a name for cer- 
tain letters, as th, sh, zh, produced 
by the friction of the breath issuing 
through the narrow aperture of the 
organs of articulation. 

friction ('shun), n. the act of rub- 
bing; attrition; resistance to the 
motion of a body, caused by contact 
with the surface upon which it 
moves; the act of rubbing to stimu- 
late the circulation of the blood ves- 
sels; irritation or disagreement 
caused by divergence of opinion. 

frictional (-al), adj. pertaining to 
or produced by, friction. 

Friday (fri'da), n. the sixth day of 
the week: named from the Scandi- 
navian deity Frigga, the goddess of 
love. 

Friend, n. a member of the Society 
of Friends. 

friendliness ('li-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being friendly. 

friendly ('li), adj. pertaining to a 
friend; having the characteristics of 
a friend; amicable; affable; genial; 
convenient; f avorable : adv. amicably. 

friendship ('ship), n. intimacy; 
united with affection or esteem; 
mutual attachment; good-will. 

Friesian (fre'zian), adj. pertaining 



to Friesland, its inhabitants, or its 
language. Also Frisian. 

frieze (frez), n. the middle part of 
the entablature of a column between 
the architrave and cornice: usually 
ornamented with sculpture, &c; a 
coarse woolen cloth with a rough" 
shaggy nap on one side. 

frigate (frig'at), n. formerly a war- 
ship with an upper flush deck, car- 
rying from 24 to 50 guns. 

frigate-bird (-berd), n. a swift rap- 
torial bird allied to the pelican. 

frigeratory (frij'er-a-to-ri), n. a cool- 
ing or refrigerating chamber. 

fright (frit), n. a sudden and violent 
fear; alarm; a person whose dress 
or appearance is ridiculous. 

frighten ('n), v.t. to terrify. 

frightful ('fool), adj. terrible; dread- 
ful; alarming; shocking; grotesque. 

frigid (frij'id), adj. without warmth; 
wintery; cold in temperament; stiff; 
formal; dull. 

frigidity (fri-jid'i-ti), n. the state of 
being frigid; coldness. 

frijole (fre-hol'), n. a bean much 
cultivated in Mexico as an article 
of food. 

frill (fril), n. a pleated or crimped 
edging of fine linen to a garment, 
as a shirt front, &c; ruffle: -pi. af- 
fectation of manner; ornamentation 
of dress, &c: v.i. to ruffle or shiver 
the feathers with cold: said of a 

• hawk: v.t. to make into a frill. 

Frimaire (fre-mar'), n. one of the 
months of the calendar of the French 
people during the Revolution, from 
November 21st to December 20th. 

fringe (frinj), n. an ornamental bor- 
der of hanging cords, &c; any 
border or edging resembling a fringe : 
v.t. to border with, or as with, a 
fringe. 

frippery (frip'er-i), n. old clothes or 
furniture; the place where old 
clothes are sold; trade in second- 
hand clothes; adj. trumpery: con- 
temptible. 

frisk (frisk), v.i. to gambol or dance 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FRISKET 



317 



FROWZY 



in frolic: n. a gambol, dance, or 
frolic. 

frisket (fris'ket), n. a light frame 
for holding down the sheet while 
the impression is being printed. 

f riskiness ('ki-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being frisky. 

frit (frit), n. the mixture of 'sand 
and fluxes from which glass is made 
after being calcined and baked in a 
furnace prior to fusion: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. fritted, p.pr. fritting], to decom- 
pose and melt partially. 

frit-fly ('fli), n. a small fly injurious 
to wheat. 

frith (frith), n. an inlet of the sea 
at the mouth of a river; estuary 
[Scotch]. Also firth; a kind of weir 
for capturing fish. 

fritter (frit'er), v.t. to waste by de- 
grees; cut up as meat into small 
pieces for frying: n. a small piece 
of meat cut for frying; a small cake 
with meat or fruit in it. 

frivolity (fri-vori-ti), n. [pi. frivoli- 
ties (-tiz) ], levity; a trifling act, 
thought, or action. 

frivolous (friv'o-lus), adj. trifling; 
trivial; petty; silly; inclined to 
levity. 

frizette (fri-zef), n. a small piece of 
hair worn as a bang. Also frisette. 

frizz (friz), v.t. to curl or crisp; form 
into little hard burrs: said of the 
nap of cloth: n. that which is frizzed, 
as hair. 

frizzle (friz'l), v.t. to curl on hot 
coals; curl or frizz: n. a crisped 
lock of hair. 

fro (fro), adv. away from; backward. 

frock (frok), n. a loose upper gar- 

tment worn by children and women; 
dress; a monk's habit; a coarse 
over-garment worn by laborers, &c. ; 
an undress regimental coat. 
frolic (frol'ik), n. a scene of merry- 
making or gaiety; a sportive out- 
burst; wild prank: adj. sportive; 
merry or gay: v.i. to indulge in 
tricks of mirth and levity; play wild 
pranks. 
frolicsome (-sum), adj. full of frolic. 



frond (frond), n. the union of a leaf 
and a branch; the leaf of a fern, 
palm, or seaweed. 

frons (fronz), n. [pi. frontes (fron'- 
tez) ], the forehead. 

frontage ('aj), n. the front part of a 
building or its area. 

frontal (fron'tal), adj. pertaining to 
the front or forehead: n. something 
worn on the forehead; an ecclesias- 
tical hanging in front of an altar; 
a small pediment over a window or 
door. 

frontier (fron'ter), n. the boundary 
or limits of a country: adj. pertain- 
ing to, or situated near, the boun- 
dary of a country; contiguous. 

frontispiece (fron'tis-pes), n. an 
illustration facing the front page of 
a book. 

frontlet (frunt'let), n. a fillet or 
band worn on the forehead; a Jew- 
ish phylactery; the margin of the 
head of a bird behind the bill. 

fronton (fron'ton), n. the entrance 
to a building ornamented. 

frosting ('ing), n. a preparation of 
fine sugar and white of egg for cov- 
ering cakes; rough powdered glass 
used in decorative work. 

froth (froth), n. the mass of bubbles 
formed on the surface of a liquid by 
agitation, or fermentation; foam; 
superficial knowledge; vapid elo- 
quence. 

frothy ('i), adj. [comp. frothier, su- 
perl. frothiest], full of, or composed 
of, froth; empty; frivolous; unsub- 
stantial. 

f rousy. Same as frowsy. 

frow (frou), n. a German or Dutch 
woman; slattern; (fro), potato-flour; 
a tool used for cleaving shingles, 
staves, &c. 

froward (fro'werd), adj. perverse; 
wayward. 

frown (froun), n. a contraction of 
the brows indicative of displeasure, 
&c: v.i. to contract the brows to 
indicate displeasure, &c; scowl; 
lower. 

frowzy (frou'zi), adj. musty; untidy. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon* 
book; hue, hut; think, Men. 



FROZEN 



318 



FULLER'S-EARTH 



frozen (froz'en), p.adj. congeaeld, 
benumbed, or killed with cold; icy; 
wanting in warmth of feeling or 
sympathy. 

fructify (fruk'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
fructified, p.pr. fructifying], to make 
productive; fertilize: v.i. to bear 
fruit. 

fructidor (fruk-ti-dor'), n. one of 
the months of the calendar of the 
French people during the Revolu- 
tion, from August 18th to Septem- 
ber 16th. 

fructose ('tos), n. sugar in ripe fruit 
cr honey. 

frugal (fru'gal), adj. thrifty; eco- 
nomical. 

frugality ('i-ti), n. thrift; economy. 

frugivorous (frti-jiv'6-rus), adj. fruit- 
eating. 

fruitage ('aj), n. fruit collectively; 
product. 

fruiterer ('er-er), n. one who deals 
in fruit. 

fruiting ('ing), p.adj. bearing fruit. 

fruition (fru-ish'un), n. the bearing 
of fruit; realization; enjoyment de- 
rived from use or possession. 

fruity (frut'i), adj. full-flavored; 
rich. 

frumenty (fru'men-ti), n. food made 
of wheat and boiled milk. 

frustrate (frus'trat), v.t. to defeat 
or disappoint; thwart; nullify: adj. 
vain; useless; void. 

frustrum ('trum), n. [pi. frustra 
('tra) ], that part of a solid next 
the base, as a cone, pyramid, &c, 
which is left after cutting off the 
top. 

fuchsia (fu'shi-a), n. a garden plant 
with handsome pendulous elongated 
flowers. 

fuddle (fud'l), v.t. to stupefy with 
drink; intoxicate: v.i. to become in- 
toxicated. 

fudge (fuj), n. a made-up story; 
inter j. nonsense!: v.t. to make or do 
in a bungling, careless manner: v.i. 
to contrive by imperfect or impro- 
vised means: n a candy. 

fuel (fu'el), n. combustible material 



for supplying a fire; anything that 
serves to inflame or sustain passion 
or excitement. 

fugacious (fu-ga'shus), adj. fleeting; 
volatile; falling off very early. 

fugal ('gal), adj. pertaining to a 
fugue. 

fugh (foo), interj. an exclamation of 
disgust. 

fugitive (fti-ji-tiv), adj. unstable; 
volatile; fleeting; not permanent; 
fleeing from danger, pursuit, or 
duty: n. one who flees from danger, 
pursuit, or duty; a runaway or de- 
serter; one who takes shelter with 
another power to escape punish- 
ment. 

fugleman (fu'gl-man), n. [pi. fugle- 
men (-men) ], a trained soldier who 
stands in front of a line • of men 
and leads them by his movements 
in their drill. 

fugue < (fug), n. a musical composi- 
tion in which the parts follow each 
other with repetitions at certain 
intervals. 

fuguist ('ist), n. a composer or per- 
former of fugues. 

fulcrum (fuTkrum), n. [pi. fulcra 
('kra), fulcrums ('krumz) ], that 
part of a lever on which it rests. 

fulfill (fool'fil), v.t. to complete or 
accomplish; execute; perform or 
carry out, as that which is prom- 
ised, foretold, or anticipated. 

fulgency (furjen-si), n. brightness; 
splendor. 

fuliginous (ful-ig'i-nus), adj. resemb- 
ling soot; dark shade of brown, or 
black. 

full-back Cbak), n. in football, the 
player furthest from the goal of the 
opposing side. 

full-butt ('but), adv. meeting di- 
rectly and violently. 

full-dress ('dres), n. dress required 
for formal or ceremonial occasions. 

full-drive ('driv), adv. with full 
speed or vigor. 

fuller ('er), n. one who fulls cloth. 

fullers-earth ('erz-erth), n. a soft 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^Aen. 



FULMINATE 



319 



FUNICULUS 



clay used for fulling cloth and the 
removal of grease. 

fulminate (ful'mi-nat), v.t. to cause 
to explode; send out or utter (a 
threat or denunciation, as a Papal 
bull): v.i. to thunder; make a loud 
sudden noise; detonate: n. a de- 
tonating compound formed of a salt 
of fulminic acid. 

fulsome (ful'sum), adj. offensive; 
gross. 

fulvous (ful'vus), adj. tawny; saf- 
fron-colored. 

fulwa (ful'wa), n. the butter-tree of 
India; the butter obtained from it. 

fumarole (fu'ma-rol), n. a small 
hole from which volcanic smoke 
issues. 

fumble Cbl), v.i. to grope or feel 
about; handle or attempt something 
in an awkward manner: v.t. to man- 
age awkwardly. 

fume (fum), n. vapor or exhalation, 
especially of a narcotic or suffocat- 
ing nature; mental irritation or agi- 
tation: v.i. to emit smoke; pass off 
in gas or vapor; to be in a passion: 
v.t. fill with gas or vapor; exhale. 

fumigate ('i-gat), v.t. smoke; per- 
fume; disinfect by the action of 
smoke or vapor. 

fumitory ('i-to-ri), n. a plant, the 
leaves of which were formerly used 
as a specific for skin diseases. 

function (fungk'shun), n. the dis- 
charge or performance of any duty, 
office, or business; faculty; power; 
the office of any organ, animal or 
vegetable; public or official cere- 
mony; any mathematical quantity 
considered as formed from another 
quantity, the change in the one af- 
fecting the other correspondingly: 
v.i. to perform a function; act. 
nctionary < (-a-ri)^ n. [pi. func- 
tionaries (-riz) ], one who holds an 
office, or discharges some trust; an 
official. 
id (fund), n. established stock or 
apital; money set apart for carry- 
ng out some permanent or tempo- 
ary object; a permanent debt due 



by a government on which interest 
is paid at a ceratin rate per cent.; 
a stock in reserve: pi. money: v.t. 
to place in, or convert into, a fund. 

fundament ('a-ment), n. the base 
of the body; anus; foundation. 

fundamental ('al), adj. pertaining 
to a foundation or basis; essential; 
primary: n. a primary or essential 
principle; basis; the note on which 
a chord is formed [mus.]. 

fundamental bass (bas), n. that 
part in musical harmony which 
contains the fundamental notes of 
chords. 

funded (fund'ed), p.adj.^ converted 
into a permanent loan; invested in 
the public funds. 

funded debt (det), n. that part of a 
public debt for the payment of the 
interest of which certain fund 3 are 
appropriated. 

funding ('ing), n. he act or proc- 
ess of converting money lent to the 
government into a permanent fund 
bearing a fixed rate of interest; in- 
vestment in government stocks or 
funds. 

fundus (fun'dus), n. the base or 
depth of anything. 

funeral (fu'ner-al), n. the ceremony 
of burying a dead human body and 
the procession of mourners accom- 
panying it: adj. pertaining to, be- 
fitting, or used at, a funeral. 

funereal (-ne're-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or suitable for, a funeral; mourn- 
ful; sad. 

fungous (fung'gus), adj. pertaining 
to the nature of fungi; spongy; ex- 
crescent; growing up suddenly. . 

fungus Cgus), n. [pi. fungi (fun'ji), 
funguses (-ez) ], a cryptogamous 
plant not containing chlorophyll, as 
a. mushroom, toadstool, &c; a 
spongy excrescence. • 

funicle (fti'ni-kl), n a small cord, 
ligature, or fiber. 

funicular (-nik'u-lar), adj. pertain- 
ing to, composed of, or resembling, 
a funicle or funiculus; rope-shaped. 

funiculus ('u-lus), n. [pi. funiculi 



5, arm, ask, at, awl; me merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



FUNK 320 FUSILEER 

(-li) ], a small cord, ligatur?, or trade; outfit; equipage; trappings 

fiber; a little stalk or cord-like ap- of a horse. 

pendage uniting a seed with the furore (fQ'ror or fu-ro're), n. a 

placenta. great outburst of excitement or en- 

funk (fungk), n. an overpowering or thusiasm. 

offensive odor; cowardice; a kick; furrier (fur'i-er), n. one who pre- 

ill-temper [Scotch]; fright: v.i. to pares or sells furs; fur-dresser. 

be in a state of cowardly fear; to furrow (fur '6), n. a trench made in 

kick backwards [Scotch]. the ground by a plow; a groove; 

funnel (fun 'el), n. a wide-mouthed, wrinkle: v.t. to plow; make grooves 

conical vessel terminating in a or wrinkles in. 

spout for pouring liquids into close furry (fur'i), adj. covered with, or 

vessels; the chimney of a steam- consisting of, fur. 

ship or steam-engine. further (fur'^er), adj. more dis- 

funneled ('eld), adj. having, or re- tant; additional: adv. to a greater 

sembling, a funnel. distance or degree; moreover; also: 

funny ('i), adj. [comp. funnier, su- v.t. to promote; help forward. 

perl, funniest], comical; droll; pro- furtherance (-ans), n. advancement. 

voking laughter; ludicrous; queer; furthermost (-most), adj. most remote. 

curious; strange: n. a long narrow furthest ('2/iest), adj. most distant 

clinker-built pleasure boat rowed in time ©r degree: adv. at, or to, the 

with sculls. greatest distance. 

funny-bone 4 (-bon), n. the lower furtive (fer'tiv), adj. sly; secret; 

part of the elbow over which the stealthy. 

nerve of the ulna passes. fury (fu'ri), n. [pi. furies ('riz) ], 

furbelow ('be-lo), n. an ornament of violent or uncontrollable rage; mad- 
feminine attire. ness; one of the three avenging dei- 
furbish ('bish), v.t. to make bright ties of Greek mythology; a terma- 

by rubbing, polishing, or burnish- gant woman. 

ing; renovate. furze (ferz), n. a hardy spiny shrub, 

furcate ('kat), adj. forked. belonging to the bean family. 

furious (fu'ri-us), adj. full of fury; furzy ('i), adj. covered with furze. 

frenzied; mad, tempestuous. fuse (fuz), v.t. to liquefy by heat; 

furl (ferl), v.t, to roll up and secure melt: v.i. to become melted by heat; 

to something, as a sail, flag, &c. blend, as if melted: n. a small tube 

furlong (fer'long), n. l-8th of a filled with an inflammable material, 

mile. or a cord impregnated with such 

furlough ('lo), n. leave of absence: -material, used for exploding gun- 

v.t. to grant leave of absence to. powder, &c. 

furnace ('nas), n. a chamber or ap- fusee (fii-ze'), n. a kind of match, 

paratus for producing a violent heat used ? or igniting tobacco; a grooved 

to reduce ores, metals, &c; severe cone m a watch, &c, around which 

trial. the chain is wound. 

furnish ('nish), v.i. to supply with fusel-oil ('zel-oil), n. an oily poi- 

what is requisite; fit out; equip: sonous product produced in rectify- 

v.i. to improve in flesh and condi- in S grape-, potato-, or corn-spirit. 

tion: said of a racehorse. fusible (fuz'i-bl), adj. capable of be- 

furnishing (-ing), n. the act of pro- m g fused. 

viding with furniture. fusil (fu'zil), n. the old flint-lock 

furniture ('iii-tur), n. the necessary musket. 

equipments of a house, shid, or a fusileer ('zi-ler), n. the name of sev- 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



FUSILLADE 



321 



FYKE 



eral # British line regiments. Also 
fusilier. 

fusillade _ (-zi-lad'), n. a simulta- 
neous discharge of firearms: v.t. to 
shoot down or kill by a fusillade. 

fusinist ('zin-ist), n. an artist who 
draws with charcoal crayons. 

fusion ('zhun), n. the act or process 
of melting by heat; the state of be- 
ing fused or melted; union by, or 
as by, melting. 

fuss (fus), n. unnecessary or irritat- 
ing activity, especially in small mat- 

' ters; disorderly bustling about; con- 
fusion; stir: v.i. to worry. 

fustanelle (-ta-nel'), n. the short 
white skirt worn by modern Greeks. 

fustian ('chan), n. a kind of coarse 
twilled cotton cloth, as corduroy, 
velveteen, &c; an inflated or pre- 
tentious style in writing or speak- 
ing; bombast: adj. made of fustian; 
bombastic. 

fustiness ('ti-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being fusty. 

fusty ('ti), adj. [comp. fustier, su- 
perl. fustiest], ill-smellingj moldy; 
meddlesome; officious. 



futile ('til), adj. vain; useless. 

futility (*til'i-ti), n. the quality of 
being futile. 

futtocks (fut'oks), n.pl. the upright 
curved ribs of a ship springing from 
the keel. 

futtock-shrouds ('ok-shrouds), n. 
pi. the short shrouds which go to 
the shrouds above. 

future ('tur), adj. that will be here- 
after: n. time to come yet; a tense 
in grammar; a commodity, &c, sold 
or bought for future delivery. 

futurist (fu-tur'ist), n. one of a new 
school of painters which seeks to 
present the individuality of the artist 
without considering naturalism. 

futurity ('i-ti), n. [pi. futurities 
(-tiz) ], time to come; future events. 

fuzz (fuz), n. fine minute particles 
of down, wool, &c: v.i. to fly off in 
fuzz. 

fuzzy ('i), adj. covered with, or like, 
fuzz. 

fy. Same as fie. 

fyce or fice (fis), n. a diminutive 
cur dog. 

fyke (fik), n. a kind of fish-trap. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon t 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



G 



G, seventh letter of the English 
alphabet. 

gabardine (-er-den'), • n. a coarse 
smock frock. 

gabble (gab'l), v.t. to utter rapidly 
without sense: v.i. to chatter inco- 
herently: n. rapid incoherent talk. 

gabion (ga/bi-un), n. a large cylin- 
drical bottomless basket filled with 
earth: used for purposes of military 
defense, &c. 

gable (ga'bl), n. the triangular end 
of a building. 

gablet (ga/blet), n. a small ornamen- 
tal gable: used for the summit of 
niches, &c. 

gad (gad), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. gadded, 
p.pr. gadding], to roam about in a 
purposeless manner: n. the ?ct of 
roaming about without an object; 
an iron or steel pointed mining 
tool; a gadfly. 

gadfly ('fli), n. [pi. gadflies ('fliz)], 
a fly that stings cattle. 

gadolinite ('o-li-mt), n. a silicate of 
yttrium. 

gaduin (gad'u-in), n. a substance 
derived from cod-liver oil. 

gad wall ('wawl), n. a large fresh- 
water duck, esteemed as game. 

Gael (gal), n. a Scottish Highlander. 

Gaelic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or be~ 
longing to, the Keltic inhabitants of 
the Scottish Highlands, or to their 
language: n. the language of the 
Gaels. Also Gadhelic, Galic. 

gaff (gaf), n. a large hook for land- 
ing salmon, &c; a boom or yard to 
extend the upper edge of a fore-and- 
aft sail; a low-class theater, &c., 
admission to which is a penny: v.t. 
to seize or land with a gaff. 

gaffer (gaf'er), n. a man of old age. 



gaff- topsail ('top-sl), n. a light sail 
set above a gaff. 

gag (gag), n. something placed in the 
mouth to hinder speech: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. gagged, p.pr. gagging], to stop 
the mouth of, with, or as with, a 
gag; silence by force; introduce 
one's own words, &c, into: said of 
an actor, &c. 

gage, gauge (gaj), n. a standard of 
measure; the number of feet a ves- 
sel sinks in the water; position of 
one ship to another and the wind; 
a measuring rod; the distance be- 
tween the rails of a railway line: v.t. , 
to ascertain the capacity or contents 
of; estimate. 

gageable (gaj'a-bl), adj. that may 
be gaged. 

gager (gaj'er), n. one who gages. 
See gauger. 

gage-rod (gaj 'rod), n. a tapering steel 
rod to measure the internal bore 
of a tube. 

gage-weir (gaj'wer), n. a dam having 
moveable wickets to regulate the 
height of the water. 

gagger ('er), n. one who gags; a T 
shaped piece of iron used by foun- 
ders. 

gaiety (ga'e-ti), n. [pi. gaieties (-tiz)], 
the state or quality of being gay; 
merriment; pleasure; finery. 

gaily (ga'li), adv. merrily; finely. 

gain (gan), n. advantage; profit, a 
mortise: v.t. to obtain, as profit or 
advantage; earn; win; arrive at; 
v.i. to improve or make progress; 
increase ; advance . 

gainsay ('sa), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gain- 
said, p.pr. gainsaying], to contra- 
dict; speak against; oppose. 

gairish, same as garish. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon* 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(322) 



GAIT 



323 



GALLICAN 



gait (gat), n. manner of walking; 
way or course. 

gaiter ('er), n. a covering of cloth 
for the ankle, fitting over the top 
of the boot; a shoe with a cloth 
top. 

gala ('la), n. a festive show; pomp. 

galactic (ga-lak'tik), adj. pertaining 
to the secretion or flow of milk; per- 
taining to the Milky Way. 

galacto, a prefix meaning milk, form- 
ing compound words, as galactopha,- 
gus, feeding on milk. 

galanga (-lang'ga), n. the name for 
various species of Alpinia, from the 
rootstocks of which an aromatic 
medicine, used in China, is obtained. 

galantine (gal'an-tin), n. a dish 
composed of chickens, veal, or other 
white meat, boned, seasoned, tied 
up, boiled, and served cold in its 
own jelly. 

galatea (-a-te'a), n. a cotton fabric 
with blue and white stripes. 

Galaxy ('aks-i), n. the Milky Way. 

galaxy, n. an assemblage of splendid 
persons or things. 

gale (gal), n. a strong wind, less vio- 
lent than a tempest; a quarrel; 

, -noisy merriment; bog myrtle. 

galeate (ga/le-at), adj. wearing, cov- 
ered with, or shaped like, a helmet. 

galena (ga-le'na), n. sulphide of lead. 

galiot (gal'i-ot), n. a heavily-built 
. two-masted trading vessel. 

galipot ('i-pot), n. a white resinous 
juice which exudes from pine trees. 

gall (gawl), n. the bile; anything 
very bitter; malignant feeling; ran- 
cor; the gall-blader; the morbid 
excrescence of plants caused by in- 
sects; gall-nut; a wound caused by 
friction; low-lying marshland with 
rank vegetation: v.t. to break the 
skin of by friction; wear away; 
vex; fret; harass; impregnate with 
an infusion of gall-nuts: v.i. to fret; 
be vexed, &c. 

gallant (gal 'ant), adj. brave; high- 
spirited; chivalrous: n. a person of 
sprightly and gay manners; a beau. 

gallant (gal-anf), adj. showing court- 



esy and respectful deference to 
women: n. a man who is attentive 
to women (used either in a good 
or bad sense): v.t. to pay court to; 
accompany or escort. 

gallantly (gal'ant-li), adv. bravely; 
(gal-ant'li) politely. 

gallantry ('ant-ri), n. [pi. gallant- 
ries (-riz)], bravery; heroic cour- 
age; polite and deferential attention 
to women; court paid to women for 
immoral purposes; intrigue. 

gallate ('at), n. a salt of gallic acid. 

gallatin ('a-tin), n. coal tar oil used 
in the Bethell process for preserving 
timber. 

galleass ('e-as), n. a large low-built 
three-masted vessel propelled by 
sails and oars, and carrying twenty 
or more guns. 

galleon ('e-on), n. a large Spanish 
three-decked vessel, formerly used 
as a warship, or as a merchantman 
for trading to South America. 

galleried ('er-id), adj. furnished with 
galleries. 

gallery ('er-i), n. [pi. galleries (-iz)], 
a long apartment serving as a 
means of communication to others; 
corridor; the upper seats of a 
theater, church, assembly-room, &c; 
a building, or room, used for the 
exhibition of works of art, &c; 
a covered passage in a work for de- 
fense, or for communication; a bal- 
cony at the stern of a large ship. 

galley ('li), n. [pi. galleys ('Hz)], a 
low, flat, one-decked vessel pro- 
pelled by oars, and sometimes with 
sails, formerly rowed by slaves or 
convicts; an open boat used by 
British men-of-war, river police, and 
customs officers; the cook-house of 
a ship; a flat, oblong frame for hold- 
ing composed type. 

Gallic ('ik), adj. pertaining to an- 
cient Gaul, or modern France. 

gallic acid (as'id), n. an organic 
crystalline compound found in gall- 
nuts, tea, &c. 

Gallican ('i-kan), adj. pertaining to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GALLICISM 



324 



GAMMON 



Gaul, or France, or the Roman 
Catholic Church in France. 

Gallicism ('i-sizm), n. a French 
idiom. 

galling (gawl'ing), p.adj. chafing; 
irritating. 

gallinipper (gal'i-nip-er), n. a large 
mosquito. 

gallipot ('i-pot), n. a small glazed 
earthenware jar. 

gallivant ('i-vant), v.i. to flirt; idle 
or gad about with women. 

gallnut (gawl'nut), n. a round ex- 
crescence produced on the oak by 
the puncturing of the leaf-buds by 
an insect, the gall-beetle. The gall 
contains tannin, and is used in the 
manufacture of ink, dyeing, &c. ' 

gallon (gal'un), n. a liquid measure 
== 4 quarts; a dry measure = l-8th 
of a bushel. 

galloon (-oon'), n. a cotton, silk, or 
worsted fabric used for dress trim- 
mings; a thin tape made of metal 
woven in silk, worsted, &c, used for 
uniforms. 

gallop ('up), n. the rapid forward 
springing movement of a horse; the 
act of riding at a gallop: v.i. to run 
with leaps, like a horse; ride a 
horse at a gallop; hasten. 

gallopade (-Id-pad'), n. a lively 
dance; music appropriate to it; a 
curvetting or sidelong gallop. 

gallows _ ('5z), n. a wooden structure 
consisting of two uprights with a 
cross bar on the top; used for hang- 
ing criminals; execution by hanging. 

gallstone (gawl'ston), n. a concre- 
tion formed in the gall bladder or 
biliary duct. 

galore (ga-lor'), adv. in great plenty. 

galosh (ga-losh'), n. an overshoe of 
india-rubber. Also goloshe. 

galvanic (gal-van'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to galvanism; voltaic; spas- 
modic. 

galvanism (-izm), n. that branch of 
electric science which treats of 
currents arising from the chemical 
action of certain bodies placed in 
contact, or an acid on a metal. 



galvanize (-iz), v.t. to affect with 
galvanism; to imbue with fictitious 
animation; to electrotype. 

gambit ('bit), n. an opening in chess 
in which a pawn, or piece, is sacri- 
ficed to obtain a favorable position 
for the action of the more important 
pieces. 

gamble ('bl), v.i. to practice gam- 
ing; play for money; risk money on 
an event or contingency: v.t. to 
squander in gaming (with away). 

gambler ('bier), n. one who gambles, 
especially one who gambles as a 
business. 

gamboge (-booj'), n. a yellow gum- 
resin obtained from Cambodia, used 
as a pigment, and as a drastic pur- 
gative. 

gamboised ('boizd), adj. quilted or 
padded. 

gambol ('bol), n. a dancing or skip- 
ping about for joy or sport; frolic: 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. gamboled, p.pr. 
gamboling], to skip about sportively; 
frolic. 

gambolier (gam-bo-ler'), n. a gay, 
sportive person. 

gambrel ('brel), n. the hock of a 
horse; a bent stick, resembling a 
horse's leg, used by butchers. 

gambrel -roof (-roof), n. a curved 
roof. 

gambroon (-broon'), n. a twilled 
linen fabric used for linings. 

gamin ('in;, n. a precocious street 
child; street Arab. 

gaming (gam'ing), n. the act of 
playing games for stakes; gambling. 

Gamma rays (gam '-ma ras), n. the 
most penetrating rays given off by 
radio-active substances, having the 
properties of the X-ray. 

gammon ('un), v.t. to impose upon 
(a person by inducing him to believe 
improbable stories); hoax; to de- 
feat at the game of backgammon; 
cure by salting and smoking; at- 
tach or fix a bowsprit to (a ship) : n. 
a hoax; imposition; the buttock of 
a hog salted and smoked: inter j. 
nonsense! 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boom 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






GAMUT 



325 



GARNISH 



gamut (gam 'lit), n. the lines and 
spaces upon which musical notes 
are written or printed: hence entire 
range or extent. 

gamy (gam'i), adj. having the flavor 
of game. 

gander (gan'der), n. a male goose. 

gang (gang), n. a number of persons 
associated together for a particular 
purpose; a selected number of a 
ship's company for special duty; a 
lode of course; the matrix in which 
an ore is embedded. Also gangue. 

gangboard ('bord), n. a plank with 
pieces of wood fastened on it for 
going on board a vessel. 

ganger (-er), n. the foreman of a 
gang of workmen, especially of nav- 
vies or platelayers. 

ganglion ('gli-on), n. [pi. ganglia 
(-a), ganglions (-onz) ], an enlarge- 
ment in the course of a nerve; an 
encysted tumor on a tendon. 

ganglionic (-gli-on-ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to a ganglion. 

gangrene ('grene), n. the first state 
of mortification: v.t. to mortify. 

gangster (gang'ster), n. one of a 
gang of desperate characters. 

gangue (gang), n. superfluous mineral 
matter in vein or smelting furnace. 

gangway (gang'wa), n. a narrow 
platform of horizontal planks used 
as a temporary passageway, or to 
enter a ship ; a passageway between 
two rows of seats; that part of 
a ship's side, within or without, 
by which persons enter or depart; 
the waist of a vessel or clear way by 
the side of the bulwarks; the main 
level in a mine. 

gannet ('et), n. the solon goose. 

gantlet, sameas gauntlet. 

gaol, same as jail. 

gap (gap), n. an opening; cleft; 
passage; hiatus; breach: v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. gapped, p.pr. gapping], to 
make a gap in. 

gape (gap), v.i. to open the mouth 
wide, as from drowsiness, wonder, 
&c; yawn; open as a fissure or 
chasm. 



gar (gar), n. a garfish. 

garage (ga-raj'), n. a shed, shelter 
or stable for automobiles. 

garb (garb), n. a dress; external 
form: v.t. to clothe. 

garbage ('aj), n. offal; refuse. 

garble (gar'bl), v.t. to cleanse by 
sifting; select such parts of as are 
wanted or may serve some partic- 
ular purpose. 

garboard ('bord), n. the first plank 
fastened to the keel on the outside. 

garcon (-song'), n. a boy; waiter 
[French]. 

garfish (gar'fish), n. a marine fish 
with a long body and spear-like 
snout. 

Gargantuan (gar-gan'tu-an) , adj. 
with huge appetites; from the chief 
character in a work by Rabelais. 

garget ('get), n. a disease in cattle. 

gargle Cgl), n. a medicinal liquid 
for washing the throat and mouth: 
v.i. to wash the throat and mouth 
with a gargle. 

gargoyle ('goil), n. in Gothic archi- 
tecture, a projecting stone water- 
spout, often in the form of a gro- 
tesquely-shaped man or animal. 

Garibaldi (gar-i-bal'di), n. a loose 
blouse-shaped shirt, usually red. 

garish (gar'ish), adj. gaudy, dazzling. 

garland (gar'land), n. sl chaplet or 
wreath made of flowers, &c. ; a col- 
lection of choice extracts of prose 
or poetry; a netted provision-bag 
used by sailors; in heraldry, a 
wreath of laurel, or oak-leaves and 
acorns: v.t. to deck or adorn with 
a garland. 

garlic ('lik), n. a bulbous-rooted 
plant of the lily family, with a 
strong pungent taste and unpleasant 
smell. 

garment ('ment), n. any article of 
clothing: pi. clothing collectively. 

garner ('ner), n. a granary: v.t. to 
store for preservation in, or as in, 
a granary; gather up. 

garnet ('net), n. a precious stone. 

garnish ('nish), v.t. to adorn; em- 
bellish with something laid round a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GARNISHEE 



326 



GASTEROPODA 



dish: n. an ornament or decoration ; 
something laid round a dish as an 
embellishment. 

garnishee (-e'), n. the person in 
whose hands the property of an- 
other is attached pending the satis- 
faction of the claims of a third 
party. 

garnishment (-ment), n. an embel- 
lishment; a warning or summons; 
especially a notice to a party not to 
pay money, &c, to a defendant, but 
to appear in court. 

garniture ('ni-tur), n. embellishment. 

garpike Cpik), n. the garfish. 

garret (gar'et), n. the .uppermost 
room of a house. * 

garrison ('i-sn), n. a body of troops 
stationed in a fort or fortified place; 
a fortified place with troops, guns, 
&c: v.t. to furnish (a fortified 
place) with troops. 

garrot Cot), n. a kind of torniquet; 
a sea-duck. 

garrote (-rot'), n. an instrument 
for strangling a criminal: used in 
Spain; strangulation: v.t. to exe- 
cute with a garrote or by stran- 
gling; seize by the throat so as to 
render a person helpless and then 
to rob him. 

garroter ('er), n. one who is guilty 
of the crime of garroting. 

garrulity (-roo'li-ti), n. incessant 
and inconsequent loquacity. 

garrulous (-lus), adj. characterized 
by garrulity; verbose. 

garter (gar'ter), n. an elastic band, 
&c, by which a stocking is held up 
on the leg; the distinctive badge of 
the Order of the Garter, the highest 
order of British knighthood (insti- 
tuted about 1348 by Edward III.): 
v.t. to bind or fasten with a gar- 
ter; invest with the Order of the 
Garter. 

garter-fish (-fish), n. a long thin- 
bodied fish. 

garter-snake (-snak), an innocuous 
yellow striped snake, common in 
America. 

garth (garth), n. a fish-weir. 



gas (gas), n. [pi. gases ('ez) 1, mat- 
ter in its most rarefied state: op- 
posed to fluid, and solid; carburet- 
ted hydrogen used for lighting and 
cooking; empty talk: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. gassed, p.pr. gassingl, to im- 
pose upon by empty talk: v.i. to 
boast or indulge in empty talk. 

gasconade (-kun-ad') n. boastful or 
blustering talk : v.i. to bluster ; boast. 

gaselier ('e-ler), n. a gas-burning 
chandelier. 

gaseous ('e-us), adj. having the na- 
ture or form of gas. 

gash (gash), n. a deep or gaping 
wound: v.t. to cut deep. 

gasket ('ket), n. a flat plaited cord by 
which the sails are furled or tied to 
the yard; hemp, &c, used for pack- 
ing the piston of a steam-engine, 
&c; a thin round piece of rubber, 
metal, &c, placed between two flat 
surfaces to make a water-tight 
joint. 

gaslog (gas'log), n. an imitation of a 
wood or log fire in a fireplace, made 
of hollow, perforated metal and 
lighted by illuminating gas. 

gasogene ('o-jen), n. an apparatus 
for making aerated beverages. 

gasolier, another form of gaselier. ^ 

gasoline ('o-len), n. a volatile in- 
flammable colorless product of petro- 
leum: used for heating purposes, 
&c. 

gasometer (-om'e-ter), n. a circular 
hollow reservoir for storing gas, 
open at the bottom and closed at 
the top; an apparatus for measuring 
gases. 

gassy ('i), adj. impregnated with gas ; 
given to pretentious talk; inflated. 

gastero, a prefix, meaning the stom- 
ach: found in various compound 
scientific words, as gasteropod, one 
of the gasteropoda. Also gastro. 

gasteropoda (gas-ter-op'o-da), n.pl. 
a division of univalve mollusks, 
which move by means of a broad 
muscular foot under the belly, in- 
cluding the snails and slugs. Also 
gastropoda. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GASTRALGIA 



Iistralgia (-tral'ji-a), n. neuralgia 
of the stomach; stomachache. 
istric ('trik), adj. pertaining to the 
stomach. 
gastric juice (jus), n. a thin acid 

fluid secreted in the mucous mem- 
brane of the stomach: the chief 

agent in digestion. 
gastritis (-trl'tis), n. inflammation 

of the stomach. 
gastrology (gas-trol'o-ji), n. the art 

of cooking foods; also the study of 

diseases of the stomach. 
gastronomic (-tro-nom'ik), adj. per- 
taining to gastronomy. Also gastro- 

nomical. 
gastronomist (-tron'o-mist), n. an 

epicure. 
gastronomy (-tron'o-mi), n. the art 

of good eating, or the preparation 

of food. 
gastropoda, same as gasteropoda. 
gatch (gach), n. plaster. 
Gatling gun (gat 'ling-gun), n. a 

cannon with numerous small barrels, 

which are discharged in succession 

by turning a handle. 
gaud (gawd), n. finery; ornament. 

Also gaudery. 
gaudy ('i), adj. [comp. gaudier, 

superl. gaudiest], showy; vulgarly 

gay or fine. — 

gauge (gaj), same as gage. 
gauger ('er), n. one who gauges; 

an officer of excise who ascertains 

the contents of casks. 



327 



GELATION 



colored ox found in Indian jungles; 
Bengal bison. 

Gautama (gou-ta-ma/), n. one of 
the names of Buddha; the name 
of the tribe from which descended. 

gauze (giwz), n. a very thin light 
transparent silk or cotton fabric; 
light open-work material, as wire 
gauze. 

gauzy (1), adj. thin and semi-trans- 
parent, like gauze. 

gavel (gav'el), n. a small mallet; a 
small unbound sheaf; toll or cus- 
tom: v.t. to bind into sheaves. 

gavotte (ga-vof), n. a lively, but 
dignified, dance of the minuet class; 
a dance-tune in common time. 

gawk (gawk), n. a simpleton; 
cuckoo. 

gawky ('i), adj. awkward; ungainly: 
n. a tall, awkward, stupid perion. 

gaze (gaz), v.i. to look earnestly and 
fixedly: n. a steady, fixed look. 

gazelle (ga-zel'), n. a small, elegant, 
swift-footed antelope, with large, 
soft, black eyes. 

gazette (-zef), n. English govern- 
ment bi-weekly newspaper contain- 
ing official announcements; news- 
paper: v.t. to publish in a gazette. 

gazeteer (gaz-e-ter'), n. a dictionary 
of geographical names. 

gear (ger), n. accoutrements; ap- 
paratus; tackle; harness; dress; the 
moving parts of machinery: v.t. to 
put gear on; harness; dress. 



gauging ('ing), n. the art or science gecko (gek'o), n. the wall-lizard. 



gau 

of measuring the contents of ves- 
sels of capacity. 

Gaul (gawl), n. an inhabitant of an- 
cient Gaul or France. 

gaunt (gant), adj. pinched and lean. 

gauntlet (gant 'let), n. a military 
or naval punishment, formerly prac- 
ticed, by which the culprit was 
compelled to run between two lines 

»of soldiers or sailors, who chastised 
him with rods, ropes, &c; a series 
of unpleasant events; a mailed 
glove, or one with a long wrist-ex- 
tension. Also ganlet, gantlope. 
gaur (gawr), n. a large fierce, dark- 



gelatinate (jera-ti-nat), v.t. to con- 
vert into gelatine or a jelly-like sub- 
stance: v.i. to b3 converted into 
gelatine. Also gelatinize. 

gelatine ('a-tin), n. a transparent 
nitrogenous animal substance found 
in bones, hoofs, connective tissue, 
&c, from which it is extracted by 
boiling, &c; animal jelly. Also 
gelatin. 

gelatine process (pro'ses), n. a 
method of photo-engraving by tak- 
ing a negative on a gelatine film im- 
pregnated with a bichromate. 

gelation (-a'shun), n. solidification. 



" 



arm, ask, at, awl; 



me, merge, 
book; hue, 



met: 
hut; 



mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
think, then. 



GELD 



328 



GENEROUS 



geld (geld), v.t. to castrate: said of 
horses; deprive of any essential 
part. 

gelding ('ing), n. castration; a young 
horse which has been castrated. 

gelid (jel'id), adj. intensely cold; icy. 

gelidity ('i-ti), n. intense cold; iciness. 

gelogenic (jel-o-jen'ik), adj. tending to 
produce laughter. 

gelose (jel'os), n. a vegetable gummy 
isinglass prepared from seaweed 
and Chinese moss. 

gem (jem), n. a precious stone; leaf- 
bud; any perfect or rare object; 
jewel: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gemmed, p.pr. 
gemmingj, to adorn with, or as with, 
gems. 

gemel-window (-win'do), n. a win- 
dow with two bays. 

geminate ('i-nat), adj. growing or 
occurring in pairs. 

gemination (-i-na'shun), n. duplica- 
tion. 

Gemini ('i-ni), n.pl. one of the signs 
in the zodiac (Castor and Pollux); 
the Twins. 

gemmule ('iil), n. a small bud; an 
ovule; a kind of cell produced by 
certain molds. 

gemmy ('i), adj. full of, set with, or 
resembling, a gem; spruce. 

gemote (ge-mof), n. an assembly; 
the court of the hundred, or local 
court. 

genappe (je-nap'), n. & smooth 
worsted yarn, used for fringes, &c. 

gendarme (zhang-darm'), n. [pi. 
gendarmes], in France and Belgium 
an armed policeman. 

gendarmerie ('e-re), n. gendarmes 
collectively. 

gender (jen'der), n. the grammatical 
distinction of sex, expressed by suf- 
fixes, prefixes, or by a different 
word: v.t. to produce. 
genealogical (je-ne or jen-e-a-loj'i- 
kal), adj. pertaining to genealogy; 
exhibiting descent. 
genealogist (-ard-jist), n. one skilled 

in tracing pedigrees or genealogy. 
genealogy ('o-ji), n. [pi. genealogies 
(-jiz)], family pedigree; lineage; 



the science that treats of tracing 
pedigrees. 

geneclexis (jen-e-klek'sis), n. natural 
selection in the organic world as 
distinguished from artificial selection 
through man's influence, the latter 
being sometimes termed teleclexis. 

genera, pi. of genus. 

general (jen'er-al), adj. relating to a 
whole genus, kind, class, order, or 
race; not special or particular; per- 
taining to the majority; not restrict- 
ed; usual; ordinary; common; ex- 
tensive but not universal. 

generalissimo (-is'i-mo), n. a com- 
mander-in-chief . 

generality ('i-ti), n. [pi. generalities 
(-tiz)], the state of being general: 
opposed to specific; bulk; majority. 

generalization ('i-za/shun), n. the 
act or result of generalizing; an in- 
duction. 

generalize ('er-al-iz), v.t. to reduce 
to, or arrange in, a genus or genera; 
infer inductively, as a general prin- 
ciple from particular instances. 

generate ('er-at), v.t. to produce; 
procreate; originate; trace out or 
form by motion. 

generation (-a/shun), n. the act or 
process of generating; a single suc- 
cession in natural descent; people 
of the same period; progeny. 

generative ('er-a-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to generation; having the power 
to generate. 

generator ('er-a-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, generates; a machine 
in which steam or gas is produced; 
the principal sound or sounds by 
which other musical sounds are pro- 
duced. 

generic (je-ner'ik), adj. pertaining 
to a genus, kind, or class: opposed 
to specific; comprehensive. Also ge- 
nerical. 

generosity (jen-er-os'i-ti), n. [pi. 
generosities (-tiz)], the quality of 
being generous; liberality; magna- 
nimity; munificence. 

generous (-er-us), adj. characterized 
by liberality; munificent; bounti- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GENESIS 



329 



GEODESY 



ful; high-minded; honorable; strong; 
stimulating. 

genesis ('e-sis), n. the act or process 
of producing or originating; begin- 
ning. 

genet (-ef), n. an animal allied to 
the civet, valued for its fur; the fur 
of a cat made in imitation of genet. 
Also genette. 

genet ('et), n. a small Spanish horse. 
Also jennet. 

genial (jen'i-al), adj. kindly and 
sympathetic in disposition; cordial; 
contributing to cheerfulness and 
life; agreeably warm and cheerful. 

geniality ('i-ti), n. the quality of 
being genial; cheerfulness. 

geniculate ^ (je-nik'O-lat), adj. having 
knee-like joints. 

genie. Same as jinn. 

genii, pi. of genius. 

genital (jen'i-tal), adj. pertaining to 
generation. 
• genitive ('i-tiv), n. a grammatical 
case, indicating origin, possession, 
or relation. 

genius (jen'ius), n. innate bent of 
mind or disposition; remarkable 
aptitude or natural endowment for 
some special pursuit, &c; character 
or essential principle; embodiment; 
a person possessed of high mental 
powers or faculties (pi. geniuses): 
a good or evil spirit supposed to 
preside over the destinies of men 
(pi. genii). _ 

genoblast (jen'o-blast), n. the nu- 
, cleus of an impregnated ovum. 

Genoese (-o-ez'), adj. pertaining to 
Genoa, or to its inhabitants. Also 
Genovese. 

genre (zhang'r), n. a style of paint- 
ing or sculpture representing some 
scene of common life. 

gens (jenz), n. [pi. gentes (jen'tez)], 
among the ancient Romans, a clan, 
house, or subdivision of a curia. 
enteel (jen-teT), adj. graceful or 
elegant in manners or dress; polite; 
well bred. 
tian ('shian), n. a bitter herb 
ith tonic roots. 



Gentile ('til), adj. belonging to a 
non-Jewish people: n. one who is 
not a Jew. 

gentility (-til'i-ti), n. [pi. gentilities 
(-tiz)J, high or gentle birth; good 
breeding; social status and refine- 
ment. 

gentle ('tl), adj. mild and refined in 
manner and disposition; kindly; 
moderate in action; peaceful; docile; 
easy; well born or descended: n. the 
larva of the flesh-fly; a rained fal- 
con. 

gentleman (-man), n. [pi. gentle- 
men (-men)], one who is entitled 
to bear a coat of arms; a well-bred 
and honorable man; a person of in- 
dependent income; a term of polite- 
ness, used in addressing an assem- 
bly. 

gentlewoman (-woSm/an), n. [pi. 
gentlewomen (-wim'en)], a woman 
of good birth and breeding; lady. 

gentry ('tri), n. the upper class of 
society. 

genuflection (-u-flek'shun) , n. bend- 
ing of the knee, especially in wor- 
ship. AlsO genuflexion. 

genuine ('u-in), adj. real; unadul- 
terated; belonging to, or derived 
from, the original or true stock; 
not hypocritical; open. 

genus (je'nus), n. [pi. genera^ (jen'- 
er-a)], that which has under it sev- 
eral species or sub-genera, having 
certain common characteristics; in 
logic, a class made up of two or 
more species or subordinate classes. 

geo, a prefix, meaning earth, forming 
the first element of many scientific 
words, as g»eobotanical, pertaining to 
geographical botany. 

geocentri (je-o-sen'trik), adj. per- 
taining to the center of the earth; 
having the earth as the center; 
viewed from the earth as a center. . 

geode ('od), n. a rounded nodule of 
stone, usually hollow and lined with 
crystals. 

geodesy (-od'e-si), n. the science of 
measuring large portions of the 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GEODETIC 



330 



GESTICULATE 



earth's surface; the determ nation 
of the earth's figure and size. 

geodetic (je-o-det'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, determined by, or carried out by, 
geodesy. Also geodetical. 

geodetic survey (ge-o-det'ik-ser'va), 
n. a determination of the figure, &c, 
of portions of the earth by geodetic 
■ processes. 

geodetic line (lin), n. the shortest 
line between any two points on the 
earth's surface. 

geographer (-og'ra-fer), n. one who 
is versed in, or a writer on, geog- 
raphy. 

geographical (-o-graf'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to geography. 

geography (-og'ra-fi), n. [pi. geog- 
raphies (-fiz)], the science that 
describes the surface of the earth, 
and its division into continents, 
kingdoms, &c. 

geological (-o-loj'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to geology. 

geologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one versed 
in geology. 

geology ('o-ji), n. the science that 
investigates the structure of the 
earth, the successive physical 
changes it has undergone, and the 
causes which have operated in pro- 
ducing such alterations in the crust 
of the globe. 

geometer (-om'e-ter),?2. a geometrician. 

geometric (-o-met'rik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or done by, geometry. Also 
geometrical. 

geometrician (-om-e-trish'an), n. 
one who is skilled in geometry. 

geometry (-om'e-tri), n. [pi. geom- 
etries (-triz) ], that branch of 
mathematics that treats of the meas- 
urement of lines, angles, _ surfaces, 
and solids, with their various rela- 
tions; a text-book on geometry. 

georgic (jor'jik), adj. pertaining to 
husbandry or rwal: n. a poem on 
agriculture. 

geotropism (je-ot'ro-pizm), n. a 
tendency in the roots of certain 
plants to turn in the direction of 
the earth. 



geranium (-ra'ni-um), n. a plant of 
various species, cultivated for its 
handsome scarlet or white flowers. 

germ (jerm), n. the rudimentary 
form of an organism; origin; first 
principle. 

German (jer'man), adj. pertaining 
to Germany, its inhabitants, or lan- 
guage; of the same stock or parent- 
age; germane. 

germander (-man'der), n. a wild 
plant of the mint family with a blue 
flower, used sometimes as a substi- 
tute for hops. 

germane (jer-maxi'), adj. related; 
akin; relevant; appropriate. 

German-silver (-sil-ver), n. a white 
alloy of zinc, nickel, and copper. 

German- text (-tekts), n. a black 
letter type similar to Old English 
and modern German. 

germicide (jer'mi-sld), n. a substance 
used to destroy disease germs. 

germinal ('mi-nal), adj. pertaining 
to a germ or seed-bud. 

germinant ('mi-nant), adj. sprouting; 
gradually developing. 

germinate ('mi-nat), v.i. to sprout 
or bud; begin to develop into a 
higher form. 

germination (-na/shun), n. the first 
act of growth in a seed, bud, or 
germ. 

germ-plasm (jerm'-plazm), n. the 
essential substance through which 
the traits of the parents, either male 
or female, are transmitted to the 
offspring. 

germule (jerm'ul), n. a small or in- 
cipient germ. 

gerrymander (ger'i-man-der), v.t.to 
divide, as a state, voting district, 
&c, so as to give an unfair advan- 
tage to a particular political party; 

. misrepresent; garble. 

gerund (jer'und), n. a kind of verbal 
noun. 

gestation (jes-ta'shun), n. pregnancy. 

gestatory ('ta-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to gestation. 

gesticulate (-tik'u-lat) , v.i. to make 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






GESTICULATOR 



331 



GILL 



gestures or motions, as in speaking 
or attracting attention. 

gesticulator (-la-ter), n. one who 
gesticulates. 

gesture ('tur), n. a movement of the 
face, body, or limbs, to express 
ideas, emotions, &c. 

geyser (gi'ser), n. an intermittent 
hot or boiling spring from which 
water or mud is ejected. Also gey- 
sir. 

ghastliness (gast'li-nes), n. the qual- 
ity or state of being ghastly. 

ghastly ('li), adj. death-like; pale; 
haggard; cadaverous; horrible. 

ghaut (gawt), n. in India, a moun- 
tain pass; chain of mountains; a 
flight of steps to a river, or to a 
temple; approach; a wharf. Ghat. 

gherkin (ger'kin), n. a small cucum- 
ber used for pickling. 

Ghetto (get'o), n. [pi. ghettos ('oz)], 
ghetti ('i)Ji the Jews' quarter. 

ghost (gost), n. the spirit of a de- 
ceased person; apparition; the soul; 
breath of life; shadow ; remotest 
likelihood; a false image due to 
some defect in a lens. 

ghoul (gool), n. a supposed demon 
who robs graves and feeds on the 
flesh of the dead. 

giant (ji'ant), n. a man of extraor- 
dinary bulk or stature; one pos- 
sessed of great physical or intellec- 
tual power; one of a race of mon- 
strous size who, according to classic 
mythology, assailed the gods: adj. 
like a giant; huge. 

giaour (jour), n. the term applied 
by Mohammedans to unbelievers, 
especially Christians. 

gibber (gib'er), v.i. to speak inco- 
herently. 

gibberish (-ish), n. rapid incoherent 
talk; adj. incoherent. 

gibbet (jib'et), n. a gallows: v.t. to 
hang on a gibbet; expose to public 
scorn or ridicule. 

gibbon (gib'un), n. a long armed 
anthropoid ape of Southern Asia. 

gibbosity (-os'i-ti), n. [pi. gibbosi- 



ties (-tiz) ], a round or swelling 
prominence. 

gibbous ('us), adj. protuberant; ir- 
regularly rounded; between full and 
half -full: said of the moon; hump- 
backed. Also gibbose. 

gibe (jib), n. a scoff; taunt; sneering 
or sarcastic expression: v.t. to sneer 
at; taunt; v.i. to use gibes; cast re- 
proaches; sneer; scoff. 

giblet (jib'let), n. one of the edible 
internal parts of a fowl, goose, &c. 

gid (gid), n. a disease in sheep. 

giddiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being giddy. 

giddy ('i), adj. [comp. giddier, su- 
perl. giddiest], having a confused 
whirling sensation in the head; friv- 
olous; fickle. 

gifted fed), adj. talented. 

gig (gig), n. a two-wheeled open 
chaise drawn by one horse; a rotary 
machine for raising nap on cloth; 
a long ship's boat, rowed by alter- 
nate oars, and usually reserved for 
the commanding officer; a racing 
boat; a whirligig; a fish-gig: v.i. 
[p.t, & p.p. gigged, p.pr. gigging], 
to fish with a fish-gig. 

gigantic (ji-gan'tik), adj. huge; co- 



gigantize (ji-gan'tiz), v.t. to cause to 
appear of relatively gigantic size. 

gigantoblast (ji-gan'to-blast), n. a 
type of large red blood-corpuscle. 

giggle (gig'l), v.i. to laugh in a ner- 
vous, foolish, tittering manner: n. 
a nervous, silly laugh. 

gild (gild), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gilded, 
gilt, p.pr. gilding], to overlay or 
wash with gold; give a fair external 
appearance to; illuminate; n. an- 
other form of guild. 

gilding ('ing), n. the art or process 
of overlaying or covering with gold; 
gold leaf, powder, &c, applied to a 
surface; a superficial covering de- 
signed to give a fair external ap- 
pearance. 

gill (gil), n. the respiratory organ of 
aquatic animals, especially fishes; 
the wattle of a fowl; a deep, nar- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
** book; hue, hut; think, Z/&en. 



GILL 



332 



GIZZARD 



now glen through which a rivulet 
flows; pi. the thin, spore-bearing 
lamellae, or plates, under a cap of 
certain fungi, as a mushroom. 

gill (jil), n. l /i of a pint; ground- 
ivy; a wanton girl; sweetheart. 

gilling (gil'ing), n. a salmon of the 
second year. 

gillyflower (jil'i-flou-er), n. one of 
various plants of the mustard fam- 
ily, as the wall-flower, stock, &c. 

gilt (gilt), adj. covered with, or yel- 
low like, gold: n. gilding. 

gimbal (jim'bal), n. one of two brass 
rings moving within each other at 
right angles: used for suspending a 
mariner's compass, chronometer, &c. 

gimcrack ('krak), adj. showy, but 
of no value; trumpery: n. a pretty, 
useless thing; toy. 

gimlet (gim'let), n. a small boring- 
tool with a pointed screw at the 
end: v.t. to make a hole in with a 
gimlet. 

gimp (gimp), n. a kind of interlaced 
silk twist or trimming interwoven 
with wire or cord; used for furni- 
ture, dresses, &c: v.t. to border with 
gimp. 

gin (jin), n. an aromatic alcoholic 
liquid flavored with juniper berries; 
a trap or snare; a machine for clear- 
ing cotton fibers from the seeds; a 
portable hoisting-machine; a pile- 
driving machine: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
ginned, p.pr. gkming], to catch in a 
trap; clear cotton. 

ginger ('jer), n. the scraped and 
dried root of a pungent aromatic 
East & West Indian plant. 

gingerade (-ad'), n. an a?rated bev- 
erage flavored with ginger. 

ginger-beer (-ber), n. an efferves- 
cent beverage made from ginger, 
yeast, cream of tartar, and sugar. 

gingerbread (-bred), n. a dark col- 
ored cake made of flour, ginger, 
molasses, sugar, &c. 

gingham (ging'am), n. a cotton 
dress-cloth dyed in the yarn before 
weaving; an umbrella. 



gingioal (jin-ji'oal), adj. relating to 
the gums. 

gingko (ging'ko), n. a Japanese tree 
with handsome foliage; the maiden- 
hair tree. ' 

ginn, same as jinn. 

ginseng (jin'seng), n. an herb with 
an aromatic root, much valued in 
China. 

Gipsy (jip'si), n. [pi. Gipsies ('siz) ], 
one of a wandering, dark-skinned, 
and dark-eyed race, of Eastern, prob- 
ably Hindu, origin; the language of 
the Gipsies (Romany); a person of 
clark complexion; a hoydenish girl: 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. gipsied, p.pr. gipsy- 
ing], to picnic or camp out in the 
woods. Also Gypsy. 

giraffe, (ji-raf), n. the camelopard. 

girandole (jir'an-dol), n. a branch- 
ing chandelier; a kind of rotating 
firework. 

girasol ('a-sol), n. a variety of opal; 
the fire-opal. Also girasole. 

girba (gir'ba), n. a stiff leather water 
vessel, used in Africa. 

gird (gerd), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. girded, 
girt, p.pr. girding], to surround with 
a flexible substance; bind; encircle; 
gibe; taunt. 

girder ('er), n. the main beam in a 
floor. 

girdle (ger'dl), n. a belt or zone for 
the waist; anything that encompass- 
es like a girdle; a circular band 
round the shaft of a column: v.t. to 
bind with, or as with, a girdle; en- 
close; to make a cut round the bark 
of the trunk of a tree and so kill it. 

girt (gert), p.t. of gird: p. adj. moored 
so taut by two cables as not to 
swing to the wind or tide. 

girth (gerth), n. the band by which 
the saddle is kept secured on a 
horse; the circumference of a tree, 
animal, &c; anything that binds or 
encircles. 

gist (jist), n. the substance of a mat- 
ter; main point; object. 

gittern (git'ern), n. a cithern. 

gizzard (giz'ard), n. the muscular 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



boor 



GLABROUS 



333 



GLEAM 



part of the intestinal canal in cer- 
tain birds. 

glabrous (gla/brus), adj. bald; 
smooth. 

glace (-sa/), adj. iced or cooled: n. a 
thin shiny silk. 

glacial ('shi-al), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or caused by, ice. 

glaciate ('shi-at), v.t. to cover over 
with, or transform into, ice. 

glacier (gla/shi-er or glas'i-er), n. a 
vast accumulation of ice and snow 
found in the valleys and ravines of 
lofty mountains which moves slowly 
down the slopes till it melts or 
breaks off into icebergs. 

glacis (gla'sis), n. a sloping bank of 
earth directly in front of a fortifica- 
tion and designed for its defense; a 
protective slope on an ironclad to 
throw off hostile shot. 

glacure (-stir'), n. a thin glaze on 
the finer sorts of pottery. 

glade (glad), n. an open space or 
passage in a wood or forest; an 
open space surrounded by ice. 

gladiate (glad'i-at), adj. sword- 
shaped. 

gladiator ('i-a-ter), n. in ancient 
Rome a professional swordsman who 
fought in the arena with other men 
or animals; a combatant. 

gladiatorial (-a-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to gladiators or their com- 
bats. 

gladiolus (gla-di'5-lus), n. the sword- 
lily. 

gladsome (glad'sum), adj. joyous; 
gay; pleased; cheerful. 

Gladstone ('ston or 'stun), n. a four- 
wheeled pleasure-carriage carrying 
two passengers; a long narrow trav- 
eling bag with a wide mouth. 

glair (glar), n. the white of egg, used 
as size or varnish; any sticky or 
glairy matter. 

glairy ('i), adj. consisting of glair. 

glaive. Same as glave. 

glamour (glam'er), n. a charm on 
the eyes causing them to see things 
differently from what they are in 



reality; fascination; witchery: v.t. 
to fascinate. Glamer. 

glance (glans), n. a sudden shoot of 
light; quick passing look of the eye; 
a quick momentary view ; a lustrous 
ore: v.i. to shoot a sudden ray; view 
with quick movement of the eye: 
v.t. to shoot or dart suddenly or ob- 
liquely; allude to in passing. 

gland (gland), n. a bodily organ by 
which secretion is carried on; small 
secreting organ for sap in plants; 
an acorn; a name for various me- 
chanical contrivances. 

glanders (erz), n.pl. a contagious 
disease in horses, in which mucus is 
discharged profusely from the nos- 
trils. 

glandular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining 
to, resembling, or having glands; 
covered with hairs tipped with 
glands: said of a plant. 

glandule ('til), n. a small gland. 

glare (glar), n. a bright dazzling 
light; overpowering luster; a fierce 
piercing look. 

glaring ('ing), p. adj. emitting or re- 
flecting a dazzling light; gaudy. 

glasswort (Vert), n. a plant from 
which a soda is obtained; used in 
glass-making. 

glauber's-salt ('berz-sawlt), n. sul- 
phate of soda, used medicinally as a 
strong purgative. 

glaucous (glaw'kus), adj. sea-green; 
green with a bluish-grey tinge; cov- 

- ered with bloom of a bluish-white 
color. 

glave (glav), n. a cutting weapon 
. fixed to a pole, somewhat resembling 
a halbert, formerly used by foot sol- 
diers. Also glaive. 

glaze (glaz), v.t. to furnish with 
glass; overlay with a transparent 
substance resembling glass: v.i. to 
become glassy or glazed: n. the 
vitreous or glassy coating on potter's 
ware. 

glazier ('zher), n. one whose business 
is to set glass in windows, &c. 

gleam (glem), n. a stream or shoot 
of light; brightness: v.i. to emit 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GLEAN 



334 



GLOBULIN 



brightness; shoot, or dart, as rays 
of light. 

glean (glen), v.t. to gather, as grain 
that the reapers have left; collect 
little by little, or piece by piece; 
infer: v.i. to gather gleanings: to. a 
collection made by gleaning; a col- 
lection, as of herrings. 

glebe (gleb), to. land belonging to a 
parish church, or ecclesiastical bene- 
fice; in mining, a plot of land con- 
taining ore. 

glede (gled), to. the kite. 

glee (gle), to. gaiety; mirth; exhila- 
ration; a musical composition for 
voices in harmony. 

gleet (glet), to. a thin mucous discharge 
resulting from gonorrheal disease. 

glen (glen), to. a narrow valley; a 
secluded hollow between hills. 

glib (glib), adj. voluble; flippant: to. 
the tongue; smooth talk. 

gliddery (glid'er-i), adj. slippery. 

glide (glid), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. glided, 
p.pr. gliding], flow or move along 
smoothly and noiselessly; to slur 
[music]: to. the act of gliding; a 
gliding movement; a slur [music]. 

glider (glid'er), to. an aeroplane 
without motor power on which the 
operator descends or glides from a 
height to the ground. 

gliff (glif), to. a glimpse; brief inter- 
val; sudden fear. 

glim (glim), to. a light or candle. 

glimmer ('er), v.i. to shine faintly 
and intermittently: to. a faint inter- 
mittent light : sheen. 

glimpse (glimps), to. a weak, faint 
light; transient view; slight trace: 
v.t. to catch a glimpse of: v.i. to 
glance; appear for the moment. 

glin (glin), to. a haze on the horizon 
at sea, indicative of a storm. 

glint (glint), to. a gleam of light; sly 
glance: v.i. to gleam or flash out. 

glioma (gli-o'ma), to. a tumor of 
rapid growth on the brain, spinal 
cord, or auditory nerve. 

glissade (glis-ad'), to. the act of slid- 
ing down a glacier; a glide in danc- 



ing: v.i. to slide, especially down a 
glacier. 

glissando (-san'do), to. in pianoforte 
playing, a run by sliding the fingers 
over the keys; in violin-playing, a 
quick slur. 

glisten (glis'n), v.i. to sparkel with 
light; shine: to. a glitter. 

glitter (glit'er), v.i. to sparkle with 
light; gleam; be showy, attractive, 
or specious: to. brilliancy; specious 
luster. 

glizade (gli-zad'), to. a sliding move- 
ment of the foil in fencing. 

gloam (glom), v.i. to begin to grow 
dark, like twilight; exhibit sullen- 
ness or gloom. 

gloaming ('ing), to. twilight: adj. 
pertaining to twilight. 

gloat (glot), v.i. to stare or gaze earn- 
estly or with admiration, often in a 
bad sense with feelings of lust and 
cruelty. 

global (glo'bal), adj. pertaining to 
a globe; world-wide. 

globate ('bat), adj. globe-shaped. 

globe (glob), to. a spherical body; 
ball; the terraqueous earth (with 
the); a sphere on which are repre- 
sented the divisions of the earth, &c. 
(terrestrial globe), or the heavenly 
bodies (celestial globe) . 

globe-fish ('fish), to. a fish capable 
of inflating itself to a globular shape. 

globeflower ('flou-er), to. a plant of 
the crowfoot family with globular- 
shaped flowers. 

globe-trotter ('trot-er), to. an ex- 
tensive traveler. 

globi, a prefix in various scientific 
words, meaning a ball, or ball- 
shaped. Globo. 

globin ('bin), to. a constituent of red 
blood corpuscles. 

globular (glob'u-lar), adj. globe-like; 
spherical. Also globose. 

globule ('til), to. a small spherical 
particle; a minute homoeopathic 
pill; a blood- or lymph- corpuscle. 

globulin ('ti-lin), to. an albuminous 
proteid substance forming one of the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GLOME 



335 



GLOWWORM 



constituents of the blood and cellu- 
lar tissue of plants. 

glome (glom), n. a roundish head of 
flowers. 

glomerate (glom'er-at), adj. gath- 
ered into a roundish head or mass. 

glonoin (glon'6-in), n. a pure nitro- 
gycerine. 

gloom (gloom), n. partial darkness; 
obscurity; melancholy; depression; 
sadness; sullenness: v.i. to be, or 
become, cloudy or partially dark; 
present a. gloomy aspect: v.t. to 
make gloomy; deject or sadden. 

gloominess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being gloomy. 

gloomy ('i), adj. [comp. gloomier, 
superl. gloomiest], overspread with, 
or enveloped in, darkness; dismal; 
melancholy; dispirited; cheerless; 
morose. 

gloria (glo'ri-a), n. an ascription of 
praise, especially the Gloria in Ex- 
celsis and Gloria Patri; a musical 
setting of these. 

glorification (-ri-fi-ka/shun), n. the 
act of glorifying; exaltation to honor 
and dignity; a jollification. 

glorify ('ri-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. glori- 
fied, p.pr. glorifying], to raise in 
honor and dignity; magnify and 
honor in worship; adore; beautify. 

gloriole ('ri-ol), n. a circle of light. 

gloriosa (-ri-o'sa), n. a genus of 
plants of the lily family, with bright 
red or yellow flowers. 

glorious ('ri-us), adj. full of glory; 
illustrious; celebrated; magnificent; 
exalted. 

glory ('ri), n. [pi. glories ('riz) ], 
splendor; magnificence; brightness; 
praise ascribed in adoration ; distinc- 
tion; renown; honor; the Divine 
perfection or presence;, the felicity 
of heaven; in art, a circle of rays 
surrounding the head of a saint: v.i. 
[p.t. & p.p. gloried, p.pr. glorying], 
to rejoice or exult (with in). 

gloss (glos), n. luster from a polished 
surface; specious show; an explana- 
tion or comment to elucidate some 
difficulty or obscurity in the text ; a 



plausible, specious representation : 
v.t. to explain by notes or com- 
ments; palliate by plausible repre- 
sentation; varnish; make glossy: 
v.i. to annotate. 

glossa ('a), n. [pi. glossae ('e) ], the 

. tongue, especially of insects. 

glossarial (-a/ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, a glossary. 

glossary ('a-ri), n. [pi. glossaries 
(-riz) ], a dictionary of obsolete, ob- 
scure, or technical words. 

glossily ('i-li), adv. in a glossy man- 
ner. 

glossiness ('i-nes), n. superficial lus- 
ter. 

glossitis (-I'tis), n. inflammation of 
the tongue. 

glosso, a prefix in scientific words 
meaning tongue, or tongue-like, as 
glossocele, protrusion of the tongue 
due to inflammation. 

glossograph (glos'o-graf), n. an in- 
strument for recording the vibra- 
tions of the tongue in speaking. * 

glossology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 
of anthropology which treats of the 
classification of languages; compar- 
ative philology. 

glossy ('i), adj. [comp. glossier, 
superl. glossiest], having a lustrous 
smooth surface; smooth and plausi- 
ble. 

glottal (glot'al), adj. pertaining to, 
or produced by, the glottis. 

glottic ('ik), adj. pertaining to the 
tongue. 

glottis ('is), n. the small elastic ob- 
long opening at the top of the wind- 
pipe. 

glow (glo), v.i. to shine with intense 
heat; radiate heat and light; be in- 
candescent; be red or flushed; be 
animated with passion, love, zeal, 
&c: n. intense or shining heat; in- 
candescence; redness, or brightness 
of color; passion; ardor. 

glower (glou'er), v.i. to stare with a 
threatening or angry countenance; 
frown. 

glowworm (glo'werm), n. a beetle, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl? me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GLOZE 



336 



GNOMON 



the wingless female of which emits 
a shining green light at night. 

gloze (gloz), v.t . to gloss over. 

glucic acid (gloo'sik as'id), n. a col- 
orless honey-like compound obtained 
by the action of acids from cane- 
sugar. 

glucinum (-si'num), n. a metallic 
element resembling magnesium. 

glucose '('kos), n. the particular form 
of sugar existing in many animal 
and vegetable organisms: it is pro- 
duced for commercial use by the ac- 
tion of sulphuric acid on starch. 

glue (gloo), n. a tenacious viscid ce- 
ment made by boiling some animal 
substance to a jelly: v.t. to unite or 
cement with glue. 

gluey ('i), adj. like glue; sticky. 

glum (glum), adj. gloomy; moody; 
sullen. 

glume (gloom), n. the husk of corn 
or grasses. 

glut (glut), n. a superabundance: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. glutted, p.pr. glutting], 
to fill to repletion; oversupply. 

gluten (gloo'ten), n. a tough grey al- 
buminous substance obtained from 
wheat and other grains. 

glutinous ('ti-nus), adj. viscid: 
gluey. ■ 

glutton (glut'n), n. one who eats to 
excess; a carnivorous animal, the 
wolverine. 

gluttonize (-Iz), v.i. to act as a 
glutton. 

gluttonous (-us), adj. pertaining to, 
or characterized by, gluttony. 

gluttony (-i), n. pi. gluttonies (-iz)], 
the act or habit of eating to ex- 
cess. 

glycerine (glis'er-in), n. a sweet col- 
orless viscid liquid obtained from 
oils, fat, &c: used extensively in 
various manufactures and medicine. 
Also glycerin. 

glycerol, another name for glycerine. 

glycogen (gli'ko-jen), n. a white in- 
soluble starch-like substance ob- 
tained from the livers of animals. 

glycol (gll'kol, or 'kol), n. a viscid 



liquid, intermediate between glycer- 
ine and alcohol. 

glyph (glif), n. a perpendicular fluting. 

glyphic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
carving or sculpture: n. a hiero- 
glyphic. 

glyphography (-og'ra-fi), n. a meth- 
od of producing engravings in re- 
lief for printing, similar to electro- 
typy, after etching the picture on 
a copperplate covered thinly with 
wax. , 

glyptic (glip'tik), adj. pertaining to 
engraving on gems; figured: n.pl. 
the art of engraving designs on pre- 
cious stones, ivory, &c. 

glyptograph ('to-graf), n. a design 
cut or engraved on a gem. 

gnarl (narl), n. a knot on the trunk 
or branch of a tree. 

gnarled ('d), adj. full of knots; dis- 
torted. 

gnash (nash), v.t. to strike together, 
as the teeth: v.i. to grind the teeth 
in anger or agony/ 

gnat (nat), n. a small stinging winged 
insect of several species, allied to 
the mosquito. 

gnaw (naw), v.t. to bite off, or eat 
away, by degrees; corrode; bite in 
agony, rage, or despair; fret; v.i. 
to exercise the teeth in biting re- 
peatedly; act as if by continual 
biting. 

gneiss (ms), n. a crystallized rock 
composed of quartz, mica, and feld- 
spar. 

gnome (nom), n. a fabulous deformed, 
diminutive goblin, supposed to dwell 
in the earth or to be the guardian 
spirit of miners; a pithy or sen- 
tentious saying. 

gnomic ('mik), adj. dealing in, or 
containing, pithy or sententious say- 
ings; didactic. Also gnomical. • 

gnomide ('mid), n. a female gnome, 
supposed to keep* guard over dia- 
monds. 

gnomon ('mon), n. the style which 
by its shadow on a dial shows the 
time of day; the figures made up of 
the two complements of a parallelo- 



I 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon. 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



; 



GNOSIOLOGY 337 GOLDEN NUMBER 

gram, together with either of the cupant of the upper gallery of a 

parallelograms about the diameter. theater. 

gnosiology (no-si-ol'o-ji), n. that godchild ('child), n. one for whom 

branch of philosophy that treats of one is sponsor at baptism. 

the principles of cognition. goddess ('des), n. a female deity; a 

gnosis ('sis), n. higher knowledge or woman of superior charms or excel- 

insight. lence. 

gnostic, adj. knowing; shrewd. godfather ('fMAer), n. one who 

Gnosticism ('ti-sizm), n. a system acts as sponsor to another at bap- 

of religion and Greek and Oriental tism: v.t. to act as godfather to. 

philosophy (lst-6th century A.D.) Godhead ('hed), n. the Divine es- 

intermediate between Christianity sence, nature, and attributes; the 

and paganism. Supreme Deity. 

gnu (noo), n. a ruminant horned ani- godmother {'muth-ev), n. a female 

mal with a head resembling a buf- sponsor at baptism. 

falo, of the antelope kind, inhabit- godroon (go-droon'), n. fluting or 

ing South Africa. beading of olive shape. 
goad (god), n. a pointed stick to urge God's-acre (godz'a-ker), n. a church- 
on cattle: v.t. to urge on with, or as yard. 

with, a goad; stimulate: v.i. to act goffer (gofer), v.t. to form flutes 

as a goad. in; crimp. 

goaf (gof), n. [pi. goaves (govz) ], goffering (-ing), n. fluting for frills, 

a place left in the old workings of a &c; indented ornamentation on the 

coal mine; the coal-waste left there. edge of a book. 

goal (gol), n. the winning post at a goggle (gog'l), v.i. to strain or roll 

race or at football: hence, the end the eyes: adj. staring; prominent: 

aimed at. n. a strained or affected rolling of 

goat (got), n. a ruminating horned the eyes: pi. a particular kind of 

quadruped with long hair. spectacles for protecting the eyes 

goatee (go-te'), n. a goat-like beard. from dust, excessive light, &c. 

gobble (gob'l), v.t. to swallow hasti- goiter (goi'ter), n. a swelling of the 

ly or greedily: v.i. to utter a cry like glands in the front part and side of 

a turkey: n. the noise of a turkey; the neck; prevalent in mountainous 

a quick straight stroke in putting at districts. 

golf. goitrous ('rus), adj. affected with 

gobelin (go'be-lin, go'blin, go-be- goiter. 

lang'), n. a superior kind of French Golconda (gol-kon'da), n. a mine of 

tapestry. wealth. 

goblet (gob'let), n. a drinking-vessel gold (gold), n. a metallic element, 

with a stem and without a handle. soft, ductile, and of a bright yellow 

goblin ('lin), n. an evil, mischievous color when Pure; money; wealth; 

spirit; gnome; fairy. precious or pure quality; in archery, 

goby (go'bi), n. [pi. gobies ('biz) ], ft e buirs -fy e : , ., . ,. , 

a fish of peculiar shape. gold-carp _ 'karp), n. the goldfish. 
i-* j / j\ ±-l o ta -^ golden (gold'n), adj. formed of, con- 
God (god), n the Supreme Deity, sistmg of or res embling, gold; shin- 
and self-existenu Creator or Up- ing; lustrous like gold ; bright most 
holder of the Umverse. valuable; excellent. 
god, n. a supernatural being conceived golden age, n. the fabled primeval 
of as possessing divine powers or age of perfect human happiness and 
attributes; idol; a person or thing innocency. 
deified or honored to excess; an oc- golden number (num'ber), n. a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north,, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GOLDEN-PHEASANT 



338 



GORE 



number which shows the year of the 
moon's cycle. 

golden-pheasant (-fez-ant), n. a 
handsome Chinese pheasant. 

golden rod (-rod), n. a tall plant of 
the aster family with yellow flowers. 

Golden Rule (r5ol), n. the rule to 
treat others as we ourselves wish 
to be treated (cf. Matthew vii. 12). 

goldsmith ('smith), n. a worker in 
gold, or dealer in gold-plate. 

goldylocks (-loks), n. a common 
name for various plants with yellow 
flowers, as the buttercup. 

golf (golf), n. a game played with a 
small gutta-percha ball and club- 
headed sticks, the object being to 
drive the ball into a series of small 
holes with the fewest possible 
strokes: v.i. to play golf. 

Golgotha (gol'go-tha), n. (Hebrew 
the place of a skull) the place where 
Jesus Christ was crucified. 

golgotha, n. a burial place. 

gommer (gom'er), n. milled amel- 
corn < (an inferior wheat): much 
used in parts of Germany as an in- 
gredient in soups. 

gomphiasis (-fl'a-sis), n. looseness 
of the teeth. 

gomuti (go-moo'ti), n. a tough hair- 
like fiber obtained from the sago- 
palm: used for cordage; ejoo. 

gonad (gon'ad), n. a germ-gland. 

gonagra (go-nag'ra), n. gout in the 
knee. 

gondola (gon'do-la), n. a long nat- 
row Venetian pleasure boat pro- 
pelled by one oar; a flat-bottomed 
boat or railway car used for carry- 
ing coal, produce, &c. 

gondolier (-do-ler'), n. the rower of 
a gondola. 

gondolino (-le'no), n. a racing gon- 
dola. 

gonfalon ('fa-Ion), n. standard or 
ensign, usually with streamers. 

gong (gong), n. a tambourine-shaped 
musical instrument of bronze, which 
is struck by a padded stick. 

goniometer (go-ni-om'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for measuring angles. 



gono, a prefix in many scientific 
words, meaning generation, repro- 
duction, as gronoblast, a reproduc- 
tive cell or bud. 

gonorrhoea (-rea), n. a venereal dis- 



good-bye (good-bi'), n. salutation 
at parting; farewell greeting; con- 
traction of "God be with you": adj. 
relating to parting. 

Good Friday (fri'da), n. a fast held 
in commemoration of the crucifixion 
of Jesus Christ on the Friday be- 
fore Easter Day. 

goodly ('li), adj. [comp. goodlier, 
superl. goodliest], good-looking; no- 
ble; considerable; pleasant. 

goods and chattels (chat'lz), n. per- 
sonal property. 

gooseberry (gooz'ber-i), n. [pi. goose- 
berries (-iz)], the fruit of a shrub of 
the genus Ribes; the shrub itself: 
adj. made of gooseberries. 

goose-flesh (goos'flesh), n. a pimpled 
condition of the skin resembling 
a plucked goose, caused by terror or 
cold. 

gooseneck (goos'nek), n. a bent iron 
fitted to the extremity of a boom or 
yard. 

goosestep ('step), n. the peculiar 
parade-step of the German soldier. 

goosewing ('wing), n. a studding- 
sail; the lower corner of a fore-sail 
or square main-sail when the body 
of the sail is furled. 

gopher (go'fer), v.i. to mine unsys- 
tematically: n. a North American 
burrowing, rat-like rodent; a wood 
mentioned in the Old Testament 
(Gen.vi. 14). 

Gordian (gor'di-an), adj. pertaining 
to the Phrygian King Gordius, or to 
the intricate knot tied by him in his 
harness, which Alexander the Great 
cut with his sword. 

gore (gor), n. congealed or clotted 
blood; a triangular piece sewn into 

' a dress, sail, &c. ; a narrow or tri- 
angular piece of land: v.t. to pierce 
as with a horn; furnish with gores: 
said of a garment, &c. 



I 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut think, then. 



GORGE 



339 



GOVERNESS 



gorge (gorj), n. the throat; gullet; 
that which is gorged or swallowed; 
a narrow passage between moun- 
tains or hills: v.t. to swallow with 
greediness or in large mouthfuls; 
satiate: v.i. to feed greedily. 

gorgeous ('jus), adj. glittering in 
various colors; splendid; showy; in- 
clined to magnificence. 

gorget ('jet), n. a protective piece 
of armor for the throat or neck; a 
crescent-shaped breast-plate. 

Gorgon ('gun), n. one of three sis- 
ters in Greek mythology whose as- 
pect was so terrible that anyone who 
beheld them was turned to stone. 

gorgoneia (-go-ni'a), n.pl. masks 
carried in the form of Gorgons' 
heads: used as keystones in arches. 

gorilla (go-ril'a), n. an African an- 
thropoid ape some 5 ft. in height 
with powerful limbs; the largest 
ape known. 

gormand (gor'mand), n. a greedy or 
ravenous eater; glutton; a connois- 
seur in table delicacies. 

gormandize (-Iz), v.i. to eat greedily 
or voraciously. 

gorse (gors), n. the common furze; 
whin. 

gory (gor'i), adj. covered or stained 
with gore. 

goshawk (gos'hawk), n. a raptorial 
bird of the hawk family. 

gosling (goz'ling), n. a young goose; 
a catkin. 

Gospel (gos'pel), n. the announce- 
ment of the salvation of mankind by 
Jesus Christ; the history of the life 
and doctrines of Jesus Christ, con- 
tained in the four canonical books 
of SS. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and 
John; a selection from these in ths 
Church service; the general doc- 
trines of the New Testament; some- 
thing received as infallibly true: 
adj. pertaining to the gospel. 

gospeler (-er), n. an evangelist; the 
priest who reads the gospel at the 
altar. 

gossamer ('a-mer), n. a very fine 
spider's web which floats in the air; 



a very thin soft filmy strong gauze: 
adj. very thin, like gossamer; flimsy. 

gossip ('ip), n. familiar or idle talk; 
scandal; a babbler; formerly a 
sponsor, neighbor, or friend : v.i. to tell 
idle tales about others; tattle; chat. 

gossoon (gos-soon'), n. a young lad. 

Goth (goth), n. one of an ancient 
Teutonic tribe that overran the Ro- 
man Empire (3rd and 4th centuries 
A.D;); an uncivilized person, espe- 
cially one who is destitute of artis- 
tic taste. 

Gothic ('ik), adj. pertaining to the 
Goths or their language; denoting 
the style of architecture character- 
ized by high and pointed arches, 
clustered columns, &c: n. the lan- 
guage of the Goths; the Gothic or 
pointed style of architecture. 

gouge (gouj), n. a rounded hollow 
chisel for cutting grooves or holes; 
a swindle: v.t. to scoop out with a 
gouge: v.i. force out the eye with 
the thumb or finger. 

gouger ('er), n. one who, and that 
which, gouges; a swindler. 

goulash (goo'lash), n. a Hungarian 
meat stew, richly seasoned. 

gourami (goo'ra-mi), n. an Oriental 
fish, cultivated for food. Also go- 
ramy. 

gourd (gord), n. a plant and fruit 
of various species of the genus Cu- 
curbita, the shell of which is used 
for holding liquids; a gourd-shaped 
vessel. 

gourmand (goor-mang'), n. one who 
has a gluttonous appetite. 

gourmet (goor'ma'), n. an epicure. 

gout (gout), n. a painful inflamma- 
tory disease of the joints or extremi- 
ties, especially of the great toe. 

govern (guv'ern), v.t. to control by 
authority; regulate; direct; man- 
age; steer; restrain; require to be 
in a particular mood, case, &c: v.i. 
to exercise authority; administer 
the law. 

governance (-ans), n. government; 
control. 

governess (-es), n. a lady who trains 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GOVERNMENT 



340 



GRADUATOR 



and instructs children; an instruc- 
tress; teacher. 

government (-ment), n. the act of 
governing; administration of pub- 
lic affairs; established state of le- 
gal authority; executive power; 
self-control; relation between two 
words by which one determines the 
case or mood of another. 

governor ('ern-er), n. one who is 
invested with supreme authority; 
chief ruler; tutor; a mechanical de- 
vice for regulating the speed of an 
engine, &c. 

gown (goun), n. a woman's outer 
garment, or dress; a long loose robe 
worn by university or professional 
men.: the emblem of peace; a long 
loose outer covering or wrapper, as 
a dressing-gown, &c. 

gownsman (z'man), n. one who 
wears a gown professionally; a ci- 
vilian. 

gowt (gout), n. a sluice in an em- 
bankment for letting out water. 

grabble ('1), v.i. to feel about; grope. 

grace (gras), n. any excellence, char- 
acteristic attraction, or endowment, 
natural or acquired; elegance of 
action or language; beauty; embel- 
lishment; the unmerited favor and 
love of God toward man in Christ; 
divine sanctifying, regenerating, 
and preserving influence; spiritual 
excellence; virtue; a brief prayer 
before or after meals; a respectful 
title of address applied to an arch- 
bishop or duke; behavior or de- 
meanor; indulgence or privilege; in 
music, an ornamental note or pas- 
sage; , an act, vote, or decree of the 
governing body of a university or 
college: v.t. to adorn or embellish; 
honor; dignify; favor. 

grace-note ('not), n. an ornamental 
note. 

gracious (gra/shus), adj. . showing or 
bestowing grace, kindness, or mer- 
cy; affable; polite. 

gradate (gra'dat), v.t. to produce in 
.-grades; blend by gradation. 



gradatim (gra-da/tim), adv. by de- 
grees. 

gradation (gra-da'shun), n. at regu- 
lar advance or progress, sa"ep by 
step; regular arrangement; in grad- 
ual blending of one tint into an- 
other; series; order. 

gradatory (grad'a-to-ri), adtj pro- 
ceeding by gradations; suied for 
walking: n.pl. (gradatories) .a se- 
ries of steps leading from a cloister 
into a church. 

grade (grad), n. a step or degree in 
rank, dignity, quality, order, &c; 
the rise or descent of a railroad, &c. : 
v.t. to level and prepare (ground) 
for laying the rails of a railway; 
arrange in a regular series: v.i. to 
take rank. 

gradely ('li), adv. decently; properly. 

gradient (gra'di-ent), adj. advancing 
by steps; walking or running on 
legs; ascending or descending in a 
certain proportion: n. the incline of 
a railway or road; in meteorology, 
the rate of atmospheric pressure or 
temperature. 

gradine (-den), n. a sculptor's toothed 
chisel; a tier of seats (gra-dang'). 

gradual (grad'ii-al), adj. proceeding 
by degrees; step by step; regular 
and slow: n. a response sung after 
the Epistle; an ancient book of an- 
thems or scripture sentences: so 
called because some were chanted on 
the steps of the pulpit. Also grad- 
uale, grail. 

graduate ('u-at), n. one on whom 
an academical degree has been con- 
ferred: v.t. to mark with degrees or a 
scale; temper: v.i. to take or re- 
ceive an academical degree; change 
by degrees: adj. having been gradu- 
ated. 

graduation (-a/shun), n. the con- 
ferring or reception of an academi- 
cal degree; regular progression; a 
marking into degrees or parts. 

graduator ('u-a-ter), n. an nstru- 
ment for dividing lines into equal 
minute parts; an electro-magnet for 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GRADUS 



341 



GRANDEUR 



making and breaking gradually a 
telegraphic circuit. 

gradus (gra/dus), n. a dictionary of 
Greek and Latin prosody (Gradus 
ad Parnassum). 

graffito (graf-fe'to), n. [pi. graffiti 
('te) ], rude writing, or sketching, 
on the wall of an ancient building, 
as at Rome. 

graft (graft), n. a small shoot of a 
tree inserted into another tree: 
hence something incorporated with 
a foreign stock; an unlawful or ir- 
regular perquisite; a bribe; v.t. to 
insert as a shoot in another tree; 
join so as to receive support from 
anothing thing; in surgery, to trans- 
plant (tissue): v.i. to practice graft- 
ing; to accept bribe money. 

grafter (grafter), n. an office holder, 
employe or any person under pay 
who uses the office to acquire per- 
quisites dishonestly. 

grail (gral), n. a dish or chalice, es- 
pecially the Holy Grail (Sangreal), 
the cup used by Jesus Christ at the 
Last Supper, said to have been pre- 
served by Joseph of Arimathea, who 
collected in it some of the blood 
which flowed from our Lord on His 
crucifixion; a gradual. Also graal. 

grain (gran), n. any minute hard 
mass; a single seed of corn; the 
smallest particle or amount; a unit 
of weight = l-20th of a scruple, 
l-24th of a pennyweight; the ar- 
rangement of particles in a body; 
texture; >a red dye obtained from 
cochineal insects: pi. the refuse of 
malted barley: v.t. form into grains; 
to paint in imitation of the grain of 
wood. 

graining ('ing), n. painting in imi- 
tation of the grain or texture of 
wood; a process in dyeing; the peb- 
bling of paper or leather in book- 
binding. 

gram, see gramme. 

grama-grass (gra'ma-gras), n. a 
low pasture grass of the West and 
Southwest United States. 



gramercy (gra-mer'si), inter j. great 
thanks! 

graminivorous (gram-i-niv'o-rus), 
adj. feeding on grasses. 

grammalogue ('a-log), n. in pho- 
nography, a word represented by a 
single sign. 

grammar ('er), n. the art of speak- 
ing or writing a language correct- 
ly; the science that treats of the 
principles that govern the correct 
use of language; an elementary 
treatise. 

grammarian (-ma/ri-an), n. one 
who is versed in grammar; a phi- 
lologist. 

gramme _ (gram), n. the unit of 
weight in the metric system, 15.43 
grains troy. Also gram. 

grammopetalous (-o-pet'&-lus), adj. 
having the petals very narrow. 

gramophone ('o-fon), n. an instru- 
ment for recording and reproducing 
speech. 

grampus ('pus), n. a large cetacean, 
akin to the porpoise; a corpulent 
person. 

granadilla (gran-a-dil'a), n. the edi- 
ble fruit of a species of passion- 
flower. 

granary ('a-ri), n. [pi. granaries 
(-riz) J, a store-house for grain: a 
country where grain is the chief 
product. 

grand (grand), adj. high in dignity 
or power; illustrious; chief; great; 
magnificent; splendid; sublime; no- 
ble; of striking, excellence or im- 
pressive dignity; conceived or ex- 
pressed in dignified language; com- 
prehensive; complete; the second 
degree of parentage or descent: n. 
a grand piano. 

grandam (gran'dam), n. a grand- 
mother; an old woman. 

grandchild (grand 'child), n. the 
child of one's son or daughter. 

granddaughter ('daw-ter), n. the 
daughter of one's son or daughter. 

grandee (gran-de'), n. a Spanish no- 
bleman of the highest rank. 

grandeur ('jur), n. greatness; vast- 



ate, arm, lisk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GRANDFATHER 



342 



GRASS-WIDOW 



ness; sublimity; splendor of a ap- 
pearance; social distinction and 
display; elevation of thought, sen- 
iment or demeanor. 

grandfather (grand 'fa-ther), n. the 
father of one's father or mother. 

grandiloquent (gran-dil'o-kwent) , 
adj. speaking in, or characterized 
by, a lofty or bombastic style. 

grandiose ('di-os), adj. really or af- 
fectedly grand or impressive. 

grandparent ('par-ent), n. the par- 
ent of one's parent. 

grandsire ('sir), n. a grandfather; 
male ancestor. 

grandson ('sun), n. the son of one's 
son or daughter. 

grand vizier (viz'er), n. the chief 
minister of the Turkish Empire. 

grange (granj), n. a farm with its 
dwelling-house, appurtenances, &c; 
a local lodge of the Patrons of Hus- 
bandry, a powerful agricultural as- 
sociation, in the United States. 

granite (gran'it), n. a massive crys- 
talline rock composed of quartz, 
feldspar, and mica. 

granitic (-it'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or formed of, granite. 

granitoid (gran'i-toid), adj. resem- 
bling granite. 

granivorous (gra-niv'o-rus) , adj. eat- 
ing grain ; living on seeds. 

granny, abbreviation of grand-, 
mother. 

grant (grant), v.t. to give or confer 
especially in response to a request; 
admit as true (what has not been 
proved); concede; transfer the title 
of, for any good consideration: n. 
the act of granting; a gift; a be- 
stowing; an allowance; the thing 
conveyed; an admission or conces- 
sion. 

grantee (-e'), n. the person to whom 
property is transferred by deed, &c. 

granter ('er), n. one who g ants. 

grantor ('er), n. one who transfers 
property by deed, &c. 

granular (gran'u-lar), adj. composed 
of, or resembling, grains or granules. 

granulate ('ti-lat), v.t. to form into 



grains or small masses; roughen 
the surface of: v.i. to become granu- 
lar. 

granule ('ul), n. a small grain or 
particle. 

granulose ('u-los), n. the more solu- 
ble part of starch g ains in plants, 
capable of being formed into sugar. 

grape (grap), n. the fruit of the 
g ape- vine; a vine of the genus 
Vitis; grape-shot. 

grape-shot ('shot), n. a cluster of 
small shot arranged in tiers of three 
shots each between plates, so as to 
disperse when fired. 

graphic (rgaf'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the art of writing or delineating; 
vividly described; well delineated; 
life-like. Also graphical. 

graphite ('it), n. a metallic variety 
of carbon. 

graphitic (gra-fit'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or obtained from, graphite. 

grapho, a prefix meaning writing or 
delineation, as grapho-phone, an in- 
strument resembling the phono- 
graph, but having a rubber cylinder 
instead of one of wax. Also graph. 

graphology (graf-ol'o-ji), n. the art 
of describing character by the hand- 
writing. 

graphophone. See under grapho. 

graphotype ('o-tip), n. a chemical 
process for producing surface-blocks 
speedily; the chalk process. 

grapnel (grap'nel), n. a kind of small 
anchor usually with flukes; heavy 
tongs used for lifting stone, ice, &c. 

grapple (grap'l), v.t. to lay fast hold 
of: v.i. struggle or contend in close 
fight: n. a close fight; a seizing; 
close hold, as in wrestling, &c; a 
mechanical device for taking hold 
of anything. 

grasping ('ing), -p. adj. avaricious. 

grasshopper ('hop-er), n. a large 
nimble insect of the locust kind. 

grassiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being grassy. 

grass- widow ('wid-o), n. a wife 
whose husband is away, or divorced. 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl; met, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not, boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GRASSY 



343 



GREASE 



rassy ('i), adj. abounding in, cov- 
ered with, or like, grass. 
rate (grat), n. a framework of iron 
bars to hold fuel; a set of bars: v.t. 
to rub or wear away. by the friction 
of a rough body; produce a sound 
of by the friction of rough or hard 
surfaces; grind down; furnish with 
a grate: v.i. make a harsh noise; 
produce mental irritation. 

grateful ('fool), adj. thankful; 
pleasurable. 

graticulation (gra-tik-u-la'shun), n. 
the art of dividing a plan, &c, into 
small squares for reduction or en- 
largement. 

gratification (grat-i-fi-ka/shun), n. 
the act of gratifying; satisfaction; 
pleasure; reward or recompense. 

gratify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gratified, 
p.pr gratifying], to afford pleasure 
to; indulge; delight; humor, 



gravel (grav'l), v.t. to cover with 

gravel; run aground on a beach: 
said of a vessel; embarrass; lame 
a horse by gravel under the shoe: 
n. fragments of rock coarser than 
sand, and frequently _ intermixed 
with it; a disease occasioned by the 
presence of calculi in the bladder 
and kidneys. 

gravely (grav'li), adv. in a grave 
manlier. 

graver ('er), n. a cutting tool used 
by engravers and sculptors; an en* 
graver, or carver in stone. 

gravid (grav'id), adj. pregnant. 

gravied (gra'vid), adj. covered, or 
served with, gravy. 

gravimeter (gra-vim'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for measuring the spe- 
cific gravity of liquid or solid bodies. 

gravimetric (grav-i-met'rik) , adj. de- 
termined by weight. 



grating (grat'ing), n. an open frame- graving (grav'ing), n. the act of en- 
graving or incising; the clearing of 
the bottom of a ship. 

gravitate (grav'i-tat), v.i. to* be acted 
upon or attracted by the force 
of gravity; be naturally attracted. 

gravitation (-i-ta'shun) , n. the force 
which attracts material bodies to 
each other. 

gravity ('i-ti), n. that force which 
tends to draw all bodies toward 
the center of the earth; weight; im- 
portance; seriousness; solemnity; 
weight of guilt; lowness of a tone 
or note [mus.j. 

gravy (gra/vi), n. [pi. gravies (Viz) ], 
the fatty juice from roasting flesh. 

gray, another form of grey. 

graybook, n. official name of a col- 
lection of diplomatic messages issued 
by Belgium just before the European 
War of 1914. 

graze (graz), v.t. to furnish pasture 
for; touch or rub lightly: v.i. to eat 
grass; move along while grazing: n. 
a slight rub or touch. 

grazier (gra/zher), n. one who pas- 
tures cattle or breeds them for the 
market. 

grease (grez), n. soft animal fat; 



work or lattice of bars: p.adj. 
harsh; irritating. 

gratis (gra/tis), adv. gratuitously. 

gratitude (grat'i-tud), n. the state 
of being grateful; appreciation of 
favors received; thankfulness. 

grattoir (grat-twar'), n. a chipped 
stone or flint implement. 

gratuitous (gra-tii'i-tus) , adj. free- 
ly bestowed; voluntary; without 
cause or provocation ; granted with- 
out merit or claim. 
ratuity ('i-ti), n. [pi. gratuities 
(-tiz) ], a donation or present; free 
gift. 

ravamen _ (gra-va/men), n. cause- 
of complaint or action. 
rave (grav), adj. serious; solemn; 
thoughtful; sedate; important; in 
grammar, the grave, or long-sound- 
ing accent; plain; slow in move- 
ment; very deep in pitch [mus.]: 
n. an excavation in the earth for 
the reception of a dead body; place 
of interment; place of great slaugh- 
ter or mortality; the place of the 
dead (Hades): v.t. to shape or 
carve by cutting with a chisel; en- 
grave. 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GREASER 



344 



GREWADIER 



oily matter.; inflammation of the 
hoof and fetlock in horses, with' a 
fetid discharge: v.t. to smear or 
rub with grease; eause to move easi- 
ly; bribe. 

greaser ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, greases; a Mexican, or Mex- 
ican creoie. 

greasiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being greasy. 

greasy ('i), adj. [comp. greasier, su- 
perl. greasiest], resembling, smeared, 
or spotted with, grease; oily; unctu- 
ous ; foggy ; muddy. 

great primer (grat prim'er), n. a 
size of type (see type). 

great seal (sel), n. the chief official 
seal of a kingdom, government, 
state, &c. 

Great Spirit (spir'it), n. the title 
applied to the Supreme Being by 
the Red Indians. 

greaves (grevz), n.pl. armor to pro- 
tect the legs from the ankle to the 
knee; the sediment of melted tallow. 

grebe (greb), n. a four-toed tailless 
diving bird. 

Grecian (gre'shan), adj. pertaining 
to Greece; a native or inhabitant of 
Greece; a Greek scholar. 

Grecism ('sizm), n. a Greek idiom. 

Grecize (gre'siz), v.t. to make Gre- 
cian; translate into Greek: v.i. to 
imitate the Greeks in language, man- 
ner, &c. 

Greco, a prefix meaning Greek. 

greed (gred), n. avarice; greediness. 

greediness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
being greedy. 

greedy ('i), adj. [comp. greedier, 
superl. greediest], voracious; glut- 
tonous; eagerly desirous; covetous. 

Greek (grek), adj. pertaining to, or 
resembling, Greece or the Greeks; 
Hellenic: n. a Grecian; the lan- 
guage of ancient and modern Greece ; 
something 1 unintelligible. 

Greek Church (cherch), n. the East- 
ern or Oriental Church. 

Greek-cross ('kros), n. a cross with 
four equal arms. 

Greek-fire ('fir), n. an inflammable 



materialised by the ancient Greeks 
in warfare: said to have been inex- 
tinguishable in water. 

Greek orders (or'derz), n.pl. in 
architecture, the Doric, Ionic, and 
Corinthian orders. 

greenback ('bak), n. a paper money 
(U. S. legal-tender note) with a 
green back, first issued in 1862. 

greencorn ('korn), n. immature maize 
used in cooking. 

green goods (gren' goodz), n. term 
used by counterfeiters for counter- 
feit paper money. 

greenhorn ('horn), n. a simpleton; 
novice. 

greenhouse ('hous), n. a conservatory. 

greenroom ('room), n. the actors' 
retiring-room in a theater. 

green sickness ('sik-nes), n. chloro- 
sis. 

greet (gret), v.t. to salute in kind- 
ness or respect; # congratulate: v.i. 
to exchange greetings. 

greeting ('ing), n. salutation; wel- 
come. 

gregarian (gre-ga'ri-an) , adj. liv- 
ing in herds; common. • 

gregarina (greg-a-rl'na), n. a very 
minute parasite belonging to the 
Protozoa. 

gregarious (gre-ga'ri-us), adj. asso- 
ciating or going together in herds. 

grege (grej), n. raw silk. 

Gregorian calendar (kal'en-der), n. 
the reformed calendar introduced, 
1582, by Pope Gregory XIII. 

Gregorian chant (chant), n. the 
mediaeval system of choral music, in- 
troduced by Pope Gregory the 
Great; plain song. 

gremial (gre'mi-al), an ecclesias- 
tical vestment worn by a bishop of 
the Roman Catholic Church. 

grenade (gren-ad'), n. an explosive 
shell fired by a fuse and thrown by 
hand. 

grenadier (gren-a-der'), n. originally 
a foot soldier who threw grenades, 
now a soldier of the Grenadier 
Guards. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GRENADINE 



345 



GRISETTE 



grenadine (-a-den'), n. a dress fabric 
of thin gauzy silk or wool; a dyestuff. 

gressorial, n. suitable for walking. 

grey (gra), adj. of a white color 
with a mixture of black; hoary; ma- 
ture: n. a grey horse. 

greybeard ('berd), n. an old man. 

greyhound ('hound), n. a slender 
swift hound used for coursing. 

griddle (grid'l), n. a broad shallow 
pan, used for cooking cakes; a large 
sieve for sifting ore. 

gride (grid), v.t. to jar harshly. 

gridelin (grid'e-lin), n. a color mixed 
of white and red, or a grey violet. 

gridiron ('Irn), n. a grated iron 
utensil for broiling meat or fish; a 
contrivance for examining and re- 
pairing the hulls of ships. 

grief (gref), n. mental pain on ac- 
count of present or past trouble; 
that which causes sorrow or sad- 
ness; physical pain. 

grievance (grev'ans), n. a sense of 
wrong or oppression; just or sup- 
posed ground of complaint; an in- 
justice; cause of annoyance. 

grieve (grev), v.t. to cause to ex- 
perience grief; afflict mentally: v.i. 
to be in sorrow; lament. 

grievous ('us), adj. causing grief or 
sorrow; hard to be borne; painful; 
oppressive; pitiable; atrocious; vex- 
atious. 

griffin ('in), n. a fabulous animal 
with the body and legs of a lion, 
the wings and beak of an eagle, and 
with listening ears; a watchful 
chaperon. Also griffon and gryphon. 

grig (grig), n. a grasshopper; crick- 
et; the sand-ell; heather. 

grill _ (gril), v.t. to broil; torment, 
as if by grilling: v.i. to be broiled: 
n. a gridiron; grilled meat. 
- grillade (-ad'), n. the act of grill- 
ing; grilled meat. 
:: grillage ('aj), n. an arrangement of 
sleepers and crossbeams forming a 
foundation in loose or marshy soil 
for erections. 

grille (gre-la), n. lace with a back- 
ground of parallel bars. 



grille (gril), n. an open grating or 
screen of wrought metal; a kind of 
frame for hatching fish. 

grim (grim), adj. [comp, grimmer, 
superl. grimmest], of a forbidding 
aspect; stern and surly; hideous; 
frightful; cruel; unyielding. 

grimace, (gri-mas'), n. a distortion 
of the countenance; smirk: v.i. to 
make grimaces. 

grimalkin (-mawl'kin), n. an old 
cat. 

grime (grim), n. foul matter; dirt 
deeply ingrained: v.t. to make dirty 
or grimy. 

grimy ('i), adj. full of grime. 

grind (grind), v.t. [p.t. p.p. & ground, 
p.pr. grinding], to pulverize or reduce 
to powder by friction; sharpen or 
smooth by friction; grate; oppress; 
harass; prepare for examination. 

grinder ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, grinds; a molar tooth; one 
who coaches pupils for an examina- 
tion. 

grindstone ('ston), n. a flat, circu- 
lar stone for sharpening tools, &c. 

gringo, n. Sp. Amer. term for for- 
eigner, from Griego (Greek). 

grinningly (grin'ing-li), adv. with a 
grin. 

grip (grip), n. a grasp with the hand; 
a holding fast; that by which any- 
thing is held firmly. 

gripe (grip), n. a clasping with the 
hand or arms; a squeeze; pressure; 
pinching distress: pi. colic: v.t. to 
hold with closed fingers; grasp; 
hold tightly; seize; , clutch; op- 
press; pinch; v.i. to take firm hold. 

griping ('ing), adj. avaricious. 

grippe (grip, or grep), n. influenza. 
Also grip. 

gripper (grip'er), n. one who, or 
that which, "grips; a mechanical de- 
vice for seizing and holding. 

grisaille (gri-zal' or gri-za'ya), n. 
a method of painting in grey tints, 
so as to represent a solid body in 
bas-relief. 

grisette (gre-zef) n. a Parisian 
shop-girl; a French girl of the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GRISKIN 346 GROUND-HOG 

operative class who dresses coquet- of the human body between the 

tishly; a moth. thigh and the belly; the angular 

griskin (gris'kin), n. a hog's spine. curve made by the intersection of 

grisly (griz'li), adfi terrible; savage- two arches: v.t. to build or form 

looking. into groins. 

grisly. Same as grizzly. , grommet (grom'et), n. a ring formed 

grist (grist), n. grain for grinding; of a strand of rope laid round; an 

ground corn; provision or supply. eyelet of metal; a cannon-wad made 

gristle (gris'J), n. cartilage. of rope, and rammed between the 

gristly ('li), adj. cartilaginous. powder and the ball. 

grit (grit), n. rough, hard particles, groom (groom), n. a man or boy who 

as sand, &c, a hard sandstone com- has charge of horses; a bridegroom; 

posed of sharp silicious grains; the the title of several officers of the 

coarse part of meal; firmness of royal household: v.t. to feed and 

character; courage: pi. oats hulled take care of, as a groom does a 

and coarsely ground. horse; curry and brush. 

grittiness ('i-nes), n. the state of groomsman (groomz'man), n. one 

being gritty. who attends a bridegroom; best man. 

gritty ('i), adj. composed of, con- groove (groov), n. a channel or fur- 

taining, or resembling, grit; cour- row , especially as cut by a tool; set- 

ageous. tied habit or routine: v.t. to form 

grizzly (Ti), adj. somewhat grey: or cut a groove in. 

n. the grizzly bear, a large, fierce grope (grop), v.i. to feel one's way 

bear of North America. with the hands, as in the dark; seek 

groan (gron), n. a low, deep sound blindly: v.t. to search out, as in 

uttered in pam or sorrow; a deep, the dark, by feeling with the hands, 

rumbling sound expressive of dis- grosbeak (gros'bek), n. the name of 

approbation or ridicule; a low, various warblers with a large stout 

aismal sound, as of the wind: v.i. beak, allied to the finches, 

to utter a groan; lament; be bur- g r0 sgrain (gro'gran), n. a stout 

dened: v.i. to express disapproval of double-corded silk, 

by groans. gross (gros), adj. bulky; thick; coarse; 

groat (grot), n. formerly a silver rude; indelicate; flagrant'; dull; 

com current in England, value 4d.; heavy; corpulent; dense; whole: n. 

a trifling sum: pi. hulled oats. i2 dozen; main body; mass; entire 

grocer (gro'ser), n. one who sells amount. 

groceries. ^ grotesque (gro-tesk'), adj. fantas- 

grocery (-1), n. [pi. groceries (-iz) ], tically or oddly formed; extrava- 
tea, coffee, sugar, spices, &c. (usu- gant; whimsical; ridiculous :n. whim- 
ally pl.)\ a grocers shop; a grog- sical ornamentation, figures, or 
sno P- . .' „ scenery; the incongruous or uncouth 

grog (grog), n. a mixture of spirits in art 

and water; spirituous liquor : v.t. tto "(grot's), n. a natural or arti- 

to make into grog by the addition ficial. cavern in the earth. 

ot water. , . , . grotto-work (-werk), n. ornamental 

groggery ( er-i) n. a low drinking work in im i t ation of grottos, 

place; a grog-shop. grouch (grouch), n. a sulky mood. 

groggy ('i), adj. tipsy; moving with 5 . Vo . '' .. ,. J „ .„ 
an unsteady gait: said of horses; grouchy (grouch 1), adj. sullen; ill- 
staggering as if dazed: said of a tempered. 

pugilist. . ground-hog ('hog), n. the wood- 
groin (groin), n. the depressed part chuck; the aardvark. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, Men. 






GROUNDSEL 



347 



GUARDIAN 



groundsel ('sel), n. a weed of the envy or discontent; give or take 

aster family with yellow flowers. with reluctance: n. secret malice or 

>und-swell (Wei), n. a broad, ill-will; an old dislike or quarrel 

leep heavy, rolling sea, caused by a gruel (groo'el), n. a light semi-liquid 

"stant storm or earthquake, food made of oatmeal, &c, for in- 

>up (groop), n. a small crowd or valids. 

semblage; a cluster; an assem- gruesome (groS'sum), adj. 



)lage of figures or objects forming 
artistic whole; a division of 
>rganisms with certain characteris- 



horrible 
of aspect; inspiring gloom or horror. 
gruff (gruf), adj. rough or surly in 
voice or manner; harsh; hoarse. 



cs; the chief division of a geological gru-gru (groo'groo), n. the larva of 



system : v.t. to form into a group 
»use (grous), n. red and black 
leath-game; partridge; pheasant; 
>rairie-hen. 

>ut (grout), n. mortar or cement 
ixed with gravel, used for founda- 
ions and joints of masonry; a fine 
piaster for ceilings; coarse meal: v.t. 
bo surround or fill in with grout. 
>uty (grout'i), cross; sulky; dreg- 



>ve (grov), n. a small wood; a row 

)f trees shading an avenue. 
rovel (grov'el), v.i. to lie prone; 
move with the body prostrate on the 
ground; be mean or debased. 

>veling (-ing), p.adj: lying pros- 
trate; mean; undignified. 

>wl (groul), n. a deep angry snarl 

*r murmur: v.i. to snarl or murmur 

ike a dog; grumble. 

>wler ('er), n. one who, and that 

>hich, growls; a North American 

)erch; a four-wheeled cab 

)r pail of beer. 

>wth (groth), n. the progressive 
increase of animal or vegetable bod- 
ies; advancement; increase; progress; 
result; effect. 

ib (grub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. grub- 



a South American weevil, cooked for 
food as a delicacy. 

grumble (grum'bl), v.i. to murmur 
discontentedly; find fault. 

grumbling ('bling), n. the act of 
murmuring discontentedly. 

grumous (gr5o'mus), adj. consisting 
of clustered grains; thick or clotted. 

grumpily (grump'i-li), adv. in a 
grumpy manner. 

grumpy ('i), adj. surly; cross; low- 
spirited. 

grunt (grunt), n. the guttural noise 
of a hog; an edible marine Ameri- 
can fish: v.i. to make a noise like a 
hog. 

gruyere (groo-yar'), n. a Swiss or 
French cheese made from skim-milk. 

gryposis (gri-po'sis), n. an ingrow- 
ing of the nails. Also gryphosis. 

guaco (gwa'ko), n. a tropical Ameri- 
can plant, used as a specific for 
snake-bites, 
pitcher Guaiacum (gwi'a-kum), n. a genus 
of tropical American and West In- 
dian shrubs and trees from which a 
resin, extensively used in medicine, 
is obtained. 

guan (gwan), n. sl gallinaceous bird 
of South America. 



>ed, p.pr. grubbing], to dig up; root guanaco (gwa-na'ko), n. the wild 



mt of the ground; provide with 
Food: v.i. to drudge or toil; per- 
form dirty work: n. the larva of a 
jetle, moth or other insect; food; 
sloven or dirty person. 
ib-stake (grub'-stak), n. outfit 
^ven to a miner for exploration. 
ide (grud), n. a person with an 
extreme grouch. 
grudge (gruj), v.t. to regard with 



llama of the Andes. 

guaniferous (gwa-nif'er-us), adj. 
yielding guano. 

guanine ('nin), n. a principle found 
in guano, pancreatic juice, &c. 

guano ('no), n. the dung of sea-birds 
found in thick layers in South 
America and Africa, yielding a valu- 
able manure, 

guardian ('i-an), n. one who has the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



I 



GUARD-SHIP 348 GULF 

•are of the person or property of guild (gild), n. a fraternity; corpora 

another; a warden: adj. protecting; tion; association. Also gild c 

a & n u- ^ guilder ('er), n. the Dutch fto™ 

guard-ship (ship), n. a warship value about 40.2 cents n 

stationed at a port or harbor for its guile (gll), n . deceit; cunning- di"' 

protection. plicity. 

guardsman (z'manX n. [pi. guards- guillemot (gil'e-mot), n. a species r 

men ('men) ], an officer or soldier of auk. ' b P ecie s ? 

the guards guilloche (gil-losh'), n. a series S> 

gU A a ^W (gWa ?§■ a tPee ° f tr e pica i interwoven or twisted ornaments 

America yielding a pear-shaped guillotine ('o-ten), n. an apparatus 

fruit, from which a jelly is made. for beheading a criminal by mean* 

gubernatorial (gu-ber-na-t5'ri-al)> of a heavy knife sliding in twTut 

hffoffic 1 , mg t0 a g0Vern ° r ° r t0 t igh l grooves: *•«■ ("O-tenO to be- 
nis omce. head with the guillotine 

guerdon (g er 'dim i), n. a reward. guilty ('i), adj. [comv guiltier m 

regular force engaged in harassing a crime; wicked; criminal fnot inTo- 
an enemy in small bands; petty war- cent 

fare; ^.belonging to, or consisting guimpe (gamp), n chemisette used 
of, guerillas; pertaining to irregular with low-necked gown 

G«y (gern'si), , a breed of ^erfy ^tVl&Whle 
dairy cattle from the island of 21s. or about $5. ^ n g land > v alue 

guess^t^ato^ecture; the act gXtpT^ W Entail do 

d^b^^^. U 5ft at ^ T St i Ca 4 Sou&'AmeHcrJodett 
uom, oeneve or think, v.i. to con- allied to the cavy 

gu J estTgest),n. one who is entertained ^Tgnnp ^^ * * ^ ° f l ™ 

Jdlhl r U -^a°U able , 0f + r 0ther - gU J SC (gIz) ' n - exteraal appearance; 
guidable (gid'a-bl), adj. that may be dress; mien. 

gmded - guitar (gi-tar'), n. a six-stringed in- 

guidance ('ans), n. direction; lead- strument, on the principle of the 
mg. violin, played with the fingers. 

guide (gld), n. one who leads or ^iSi?' ^ gUl&3 ( ^ )] ' * the 

directs; conductor : director; a soldier Jfcr '<nX n* 

Or other person who obtains infor- g (lar) ' °^' Pertaimng to the 

mation for an army; that by which i u r ^ ^ 

one directs his course; a Tuide- §U ' ch (gul ^ h) ' n ' a rock y or rough 

book: v.t. to lead or direct; influence- * arr °7_ va *ey. 

regulate; govern by counsel gules - (gulz) > n ' a term in heraldry, 

guidon (gi'dun^ n th* f^v'^ a * meaning a blazon in perpendicular 

TtZnofSt «:, f K ed I ag °? I 11168 Wlth eut color; a tincture red. 

ate, , rm , «, at , awI; ^^ ^ ^ n5te) n6rth> not; b66nj j, 






GULF STREAM 



349 



GUTTERING 



in size between a bay and sea; a deep 
place in the earth; an abyss; whirl- 
pool; something insatiable. 

gulf stream (strem), n. a vast and 
important warm ocean-current flow- 
ing out from the Gulf of Mexico. ' 

gull (gul), n. a web-footed sea-fowl 
with long wings; one who is easily 
cheated: v.t. to cheat; deceive; im- 
pose upon. 

gullet ('et), n. the throat; oesophagus. 

gullibility (gul-i-bil'i-ti), n. capac- 
ity for being gulled. 

gullible {gul'i-bl), adj. capable of 
being easily deceived. 

gully ('i), n. [pi. gullies ('iz) ], a 
channel or hollow worn by water; 
narrow ravine; a metal tram-rail or 

1 -plate. 

gulp (gulp), v.t. to swallow down 
eagerly or in large draughts: n. the 
act of gulping; swallow. 

gum arabic (ar'a-bik), n. a gum ob- 

I tained from various species of acacia. 

gumbo ('bo), n. a dish or soup made 
from the gummy pods of the okra; 
a Creole patois; prairie mud. 

gumminess ('i-nes), n. the state or 

^ quality of being gummy. 

gummy ('i), adj. like gum. 

gumption (gump'shun), n. quickness 
of perception; common sense; in the 
fine arts, the art of preparing colors. 

gumptious ('shus), adj. shrewd; 

. smart. 

guncotton ('kot-n), n. a highly ex- 
plosive substance formed by the ac- 
tion of nitric and sulphuric acid 
upon cotton, or some other vegetable 
fibre. 

gun-metal ('met-al), n. an alloy of 
copper and tin. 

gunnel, same as gunwale. 

gunner ('er), n. one who works a 
gun; an artilleryman; a warrant- 
officer in the navy who has charge 
of the ordnance of a war-vessel and 
ordnance-stores. 

gunnery ('er-i), n. the science of 
artillery. 

gunman (gun'man), n. a desperate 



character, armed, and ready to 
shoot another for hire or revenge. 

gunny ('i), n. [pi. gunnies < ('iz) ], 
a coarse heavy sackcloth of jute or 
hemp. 

gunpowder ('pou-der), n. an explo- 
sive substance composed of sulphur, 
niter and charcoal; a fine kind of 
green tea. 

Gunter's chain (gun'terz chan), n. 
a surveyor's chain used in measur- 
ing land, 66 ft. long, and divided in 
100 links of 7.92 in. each. 

Gunter's scale (skal), n. a large 
plane scale, with various lines of 
numbers engraved upon it, by means 
of which surveyors' and navigators' 
calculations are determined. 

gunwale (gun'l), n. the upper edge 
of the side of a ship next to the 
bulwarks. 

gurgitation (ger-ji-ta'shun), n. a 
state of boiling, or whirling round. 

gurgle (ger'gl), v.i. to flow or run 
with a purling, bubbling sound: n. 
a purling, bubbling noise. 

gurglet ('glet), n. a porous earthen 
vessel for cooling water. 

gusher ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, gushes; an oil well that dis- 
charges its contents without the aid 
of machinery. 

gusset (gus'et), n. a small triangular 
piece of cloth inserted in a garment 
to strengthen or enlarge a part. 

gust (gust), n. a sudden squall; a 
sudden and violent outburst of pas- 
sion. 

gustatory ('ta-to-ri), adj. pertaimng 
to the taste. 

gusto ('to), n. zest; relish. 

gusty ('i), adj. characterized by gusts. 

gutta-percha (-per'cha), n. a red- 
dish-brown horn-like substance; the 
inspissated juice of the gutta-percha 
tree (Isonandra gutta) of the Malay 
Archipelago. . 

gutter ('er), n. a channel for carry- 
ing away water: v.t. to cut into 
small channels; furnish with gut- 
ters: v.i. to run in drops. ^ 

guttering (-ing), n. a making into 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



GUTTURAL 



350 



GYROSTAT 



hollows; the act of falling in drops; 
material for making gutters. 

guttural ('er-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or produced in, the throat: n. a 
letter produced in the throat. 

guy f (gl), n. a rope, chain, &c, to 
swing and keep steady a heavy body : 
an effigy, especially of Guy Fawkes; 
a person oddly or dowdily dressed: 
v.t. to steady or guide with a guy; 
ridicule ', delude. 

guzzle (guz'l), v.i. to drink greedily 
and immoderately: n. intoxicating 
liquor; a drunken debauch. 

guzzy ('i), n. an East Indian cotton 
cloth. 

gwiniad (gwin'i-ad), n. a WelsL 
trout; the powan. Also guiniad. 

gymn, a 'prefix meaning naked, desti- 
tute of, occurring in many com- 
pound words. Also gymno. 

gymnanthous (jim-nan'thus), adj. 
without calyx or corolla. 

gymnasium (-na'zi-um), n. [pi. gym- 
nasia (-a) ], a building where gym- 
nastic exercises are practiced; a 
school for the higher branches of 
literature and art; in ancient 
Greece, a _ place for athletic exer- 
cises, provided with baths, &c, also, 
in connection with it, apartments in 
which philosophic discussions were 
carried on. 

gymnast ('nast), n. one who prac- 
tices, or is expert in, gymnastics. 

gymnastics ('iks), n.pl. athletic ex- 
ercises; the art of developing the 
physical powers by athletic exer- 
cises. 

gymno, prefix see gymn. 

gymnogens (jim'no-jens), n.pl. plants 
having naked seeds, or not inclosed 
in an ovary. 

gymnotus (jim-no'tus), n. the elec- 
tric eel of South America. 



gynarchy (jin'ar-ki), n. government 
by a woman ; female rule. 

gyne, a prefix meaning woman, fe- 
male. Also gyneco. 

gynecocracy (jin-e-kok'ra-si), n. fe- 
male rule or supremacy. Also gyne- 
ocracy. 

gynecology (jin-e-kol'6-ji), n. that 
branch of medical science which 
treats of the functions and diseases 
of women. 

gyneolatry ('ol'a-tri), n. excessive 
homage paid to women. 

gyno, prefix meaning ovary or pistil, 
occurring in various botanical t arms, 
as gynophore, the long stalk upon 
which some ovaria are situated, as 
in the passion flower. 

gypsum (jip'sum), n. sulphate of 
lime; plaster of paris. 

Gypsy, same as Gipsy. 

gyral (ji'ral), adj. rotatory; whirl- 
ing. 

gyrate ('rat), v.i. to revolve round a 
central point; rotate; wheel. 

gyratory ('ra-to-ri), adj. revolving 
in a circle. 

gyre (jir), n. a fetter for the legs: 
v.t. to fetter. 

gyro, a prefix in various scientific 
words meaning a circle, round. 

gyro-compass (ji'ro-kom'pas), n 
a compass operated by a gyroscope 
and uninfluenced by the earth's 
magnetism. 

gyroscope (ji'ro-skop), n. an instru- 
ment for demonstrating the laws of 
rotation. 

gyroscope-railway (ji'ro-skop-ral'- 
wa), n. a railway with a single rail, 
on which the cars are kept upright 
b) r two gyroscopes whirling in 
opposite directions. 

gyrostat (-stat), .n. an instrument 
for demonstrating the dynamics of 
rotating rigid bodies. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






H 



H, eighth letter in the English alpha- 
bet; symbol in chemistry for Hy- 
drogen. 

habeas corpus (ha/be-as kor'pus, 
Latin have the body), a writ to pro- 
duce a prisoner at a stated time and 
place to declare the cause of his de- 
tention. 

haberdasher (hab'er-dash-er), n. a 
dealer in small wares, as ribbons, 
lace, tapes, needles, &c. 

haberdashery (-i), n. the wares 
sold by a haberdasher; a haber- 
dasher's shop. 

habergeon ('er-jun), n. a coat of 
mail covering the neck and breast. 

habiliment (ha-bil'i-ment), n. an 
article of clothing: pi. dress. 

habilitate ('i-tat), v.i. to become 
qualified. 

habit (hab'it), n. ordinary course of 
conduct; general condition or tend- 
ency; disposition; established cus- 
tom; dress; a woman's riding-dress; 
the distinctive dress worn by mem- 
bers of a religious order: v.t. to 
dress; furnish with a habit. 

habitable ('it-a-bl), adj. fit to be 
dwelt in. 

habitant ('it-ant), n. a dweller; per- 
manent resident ; a farmer of French 
descent, in Canada and Louisiana. 

habitat ('i-tat), n. the natural lo- 
cality of animals, plants, &c, in 
their wild state; geographical range. 

habitation (-i-ta'shun), n. residence 
or place of abode; natural locality; 
a Primrose League lodge. 

habited ('i-ted), p.adj. wearing a 
habit or dress. 

habitual (ha-bit'u-al), adj. formed 
or acquired by use; customary; in- 
veterate. 



habituate ('u-at), v.t. to make fa- 
miliar by use or custom; familiarize. 

habitude (hab'i-tud), n. habit; cus- 
tomary manner or mode ; f amiliarity. 

habitue (ha-bit'u-a), n. one who 
habitually frequents a place of 
amusement, &c. 

hacienda (a-the-en'd&, or has-i-en'- 
da), n. in Spanish America, a large 
plantation on which the owner is 
resident; an isolated farm; an es- 
tablishment for raising stock, farm 
produce, &c. 

hack (hak), v.t. to cut irregularly 
and into small pieces; injure by 
cutting; notch; let out for hire: n. 
a notch; hollow irregular cut; a 
horse let out for hire; a kick on 
the shins at football; a carriage 
let out for hire; a hackney coach; 
a literary drudge; a drying frame 
for fish; a place where green bricks 
are dried; a feeding rack. 

hackamore, n. a halter. 

hackberry ('ber-ri), n. a large North 
American forest-tree, with an edible 
fruit. 

hackle (hak'l), v.t. to dress or comb, 
as flax or hemp; tear into pieces; 
mangle in cutting: n. an implement 
with sharp spikes for cleansing flax 
or hemp; unspun fiber; a long nar- 
row feather in the neck of a cock, 
used for making artificial flies for 
angling; a feather fly for angling. 

hackman (hak'man), n. the driver of 
a hack or coach for hire. 

hackmatack ('ma-tak), n. the red 
American larch, or tamarack. 

hackney ('ni), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hack- 
neyed, p.pr. hackneying], to wear 
out by constant use; make common- 
place: adj. let out for hire; corn- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(351) 



HACKNEY-COACH 



352 



HALF-TONE 



mon or trite; n. a hackney-coach; a 
horse kept for hire; a nag. 

hackney-coach (-koch), n. a li- 
censed carriage that plies for hire. 

had, p.t. of have. 

haddock ('ok), n. a sea-fish of the 
cod family. 

Hadean (ha-de'an), adj. pertaining 
to Hades. 

Hades ('dez), n. the abode and state 
of the dead. 

hading (had'ing), n. the deviation 
from the vertical of a vein or stra- 
tum; underlay. 

hadji (had'ji), n. a Mohammedan 
pilgrim who has been to Mecca, and 
therefore looked upon as a holy 
man. (Also Howadji). 

Haeckelism (hek'el-izm), n. theories 
of Ernst Hseckel, the German 
scientist; more particularly his the- 
ory that the embryo passes through 
successive stages that recapitulate 
the evolutionary history of its race. 

haema, a prefix meaning blood, occur- 
ring in many scientific words. Also 
haem, hsemat, hsemo, hemo. 

haemachrome (hem'a-krdm), n. the 
coloring matter of the blood. 

haemal (he'mal), adj. pertaining to 
the blood. 

haematemesis (-a-tem'e-sis), n. vom- 
iting of blood from the stomach. 

haematic (he-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the blood: n.pl. that branch of 
physiology that treats of the blood. 

haematoid (hem'a-toid), adj. blood- 
like. 

haft (haft), n. a handle of a tool or 
knife: v.t. to furnish with a haft or 
handle. 

hag (hag), n. a witch; an ugly old 
woman; a cartilaginous fish, para- 
sitic in the bodies of other fish. 

haggard Card), adj. worn and anx- 
ious in appearance; lean and hollow- 
eyed. 

haggle ('1), v.i. to higgle. 

Hahnemanism (ha'ne-man-izm), n. 
the system in medicine called homoe- 
opathy, founded by Samuel Hahne- 



hail (hal), n. frozen raindrops; a call 
or salutation: v.i. to pour down hail: 
v.U to pour down or out like hail; 
call to or salute. 

hairsplitting ('split-ing), adj. mak- 
ing oversubtle or very minute dis- 
tinctions, in reasoning or statement. 

hairspring ('spring), n. a very fine 
spring to regulate the balance wheel 
of a watch. 

hair-trigger (har'trig-er), n. a sec- 
ondary trigger of a gun. 

hairy ('i), adj. covered with, abound- 
ing in, or resembling, hair. 

hake (hak), n. an edible seafish al- 
lied to the cod. 

halation (ha-la'shun), n. a halo on a 
photographic plate. 

halberd (hal'berd), n. a mediaeval 
weapon consisting of a long staff to 
which an axe was affixed with a 
spear-like point. Also halbert. 

halcyon ('si-un), adj. pertaining to 
the kingfisher; peaceful; happy; 
calm: n. the kingfisher: from the 
fable that its hatching season was in 
calm weather. 

hale (hal), adj. sound bodily; healthy; 
hearty: v.t. to drag or draw by vio- 
lence. 

half-and-half, n. a mixture of ale 
and. porter, or of old and new ale. 

halfback (haf'bak), n. one of the 
two positions in football, back of 
the main or rush line, between the 
quarter-back and full-back. 

half-blood ('blud), n. one whose 
parents are of different races; rela- 
tionship between persons who have 
one parent in common, 

half-breed ('bred), n. a person of 
mixed blood: as, in Indian half- 
breed. 

half-caste ('kast), n. a person of an 
East Indian parent on one side and 
of a European on the other. 

half-tone (haf'ton), n. a plate photo- 
engraved with the aid of a screen of 
netting, or the picture printed from 
such a plate. The half-tone process 
is very extensively used in illustrat- 
ing modern periodicals and books. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, rn?rge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HALIBUT 



353 



HAMSHACKLE 



halibut (hal'i-but), n. a large 'edible 

flat fish. 
halicore ('i-kor), n. the dugong. 
hall (hawl), n. a large room for 
the transaction of public business, 
entertainments, &c; a court of jus- 
tice; the first large room of a house; 
a manor-house; a college dining- 
room; the dinner served there; the 
public room of a corporation or 
guild; a minor college. 
hallelujah (hal-e-loo'ya), n. (He- 
brew, Praise ye Jehovah) an ascrip- 
tion of praise to God; a musical 
composition having as its theme such 
an ascription of praise: adj. singing, 
or containing, hallelujah. Also al- 
leluiah. 
halliard, same as halyard. 
hall-mark (hawl'mark), n. the offi- 
cial mark of the Goldsmiths' Compa- 
ny and other English assay offices, 
attesting the quality of the gold and 
silver articles on which it is im- 
pressed: hence a mark or proof of 
genuineness. 
halloo (ha-lo'), inter j. an exclama- 
tion to call attention to or cheer 
one; a shout to attract attention, or 
to cheer or urge on: v.t. to shout 
out; incite or cheer on, as dogs: v.i. 
to cry out loudly. Also holloa. 
hallow (hal'o), v.t. to consecrate; 
devote to sacred purposes; revere. ( 
Halloween (-en'), n. the Eve of All 

Saints or All Hallows, Oct. 31. 
hallucination (hal-loo-si-na/shun), n. 
belief in something imaginary; de- 
lusion; error. 
halo (ha'lo), n. a ring or circle of 
light round the sun or moon, caused 
by refraction; a ring of light or 
nimbus. N 
haloid ('oid), adj. resembling salt. 
halt (hawlt), ri. the act of limping; a 
stop in marching: adj. crippled or 
lame: v.i. to be lame; limp; be du- 
bious or hesitate; to stop in march- 
ins. 



halter ('er), n. one who halts; a rope 
for hanging criminals; a rope for 



leading or holding a horse: v.t. to 
put on, or secure with, a halter. 
halve (hav), v.t. to divide into two 
equal parts; fasten together, as tim- 
bers. . „ , . 
halved (half'ed), a. in golf, having 
equal scores; said of a hole which 
each side has made in the same 
number of strokes, or of a match 
that is tied. 
halves, pi. of half. 

halyard (hal'yard), n. a rope or 
tackle for hoisting a sail, flag, <xc. 
Also halliard. 
ham (ham), n. the hinder part of the 
thigh; a» thigh of an animal, espe- , 
cially a pig, salted and smoked; a 
house; village: in place names of 
Anglo-Saxon origin, as Tottenham. 
Hamamelis (-a-me'lis), n. an order 
of shrubs, to which the witch-hazel 
belongs, and from which a medicinal 
extract is obtained. ,-,.,■- 

Hamburg ('berg), n. a rich kind of 
black grape; a breed of black do- 
mestic fowl. . ; 
hame (ham), n. one of the curved 
bars on the collar to which the traces 
of a draught horse are fastened. 
hamiform ('i-form), adj. hook- 
shaped. 
hamlet (let), n. a small village. m 
hammer ('er), n. an instrument witn 
a handle and iron head for driving 
nails, beating metals, Ac.;, anything 
resembling a hammer in its action 
or shape: v.t. to beat with, or as 
with, a hammer; forge; beat; work 
in the mind : v.i. to work hard. # 
hammer-beam (-bem), n. a horizon- 
tal piece of timber projecting from 
the inside of a wall. 
hammer-cloth (-kloth), n. the cloth 

which covers a coach-box. 
hammock ('ok), n. a swinging bed 

usually of network or canvas. 
hamper ('per), n. a large wicker- 
work basket for carrying food, &c. ; 
the rigging of a ship: v.t. to put 
into, or inclose in, a hamper; em- 
barrass; perplex; impede. 
hamshackle ('.shak'l), v.t. fasten the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bodn, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HAMSTER 



354 



HAPPILY 



head of an animal to one of its fore- 
legs, as a horse. 
hamster ('ster), n. a species of grain- 
storing rat with two cheek-pouches 
and a short tail. 

hamstring ('string), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
hamstrung, p.pr. hamstringing], to 
lame by cutting the tendons of the 
ham : n.pl. the strong sinews at the 
back of the knee, 

handicraft ('i-kraft), n. the work or 
skill of an artificer; manual skill, or 
labor : adj. pertaining to manual labor." 

handcuff (hand'kuf), n. a contrivance 
to fetter the wrists together; a 
manacle. 

handicap (han'di-kap), n. certain 
conditions imposed on contestants 
in races or other contests in order 
to bring about equality as nearly 
as possible. 

handiwork (-werk), n. work done, or 
produced by, the hands. 

handkerchief (hang'ker-chif), n. a, 
pocket handkerchief; a silk or cot- 
ton square for the neck. • 

handle (hand'l), n. that part of a 
tool, vessel, &c, grasped by the 
hand; an instrument or occasion: 
v.t. to touch or feel with the hand; 
manage; manipulate; discourse on; 
act toward or treat; buy, sell, or in- 
vest in: v.i. to work with the hands. 

handmaid ('mad), n. a female serv- 
ant or attendant. Also handmaiden . 

handscrew ('skroo), n. a lifting-jack. 

handsel ('sel), n. an earnest given 
to make good a contract; the act of 
using anything for the first time; a 
gift, especially at the time of the 
New Year: v.t. to give a handsel to; 
use or do for the first time. 

handsome ('sum), pleasing to look 
upon ; well-formed ; elegantly dressed ; 
graceful; liberal; generous; ample. 

handy ('i), adj. [comp. handier, sw- 
perl. handiest], dexterous; skilful; 
convenient; close at hand; manage- 
able. 

hangar (hang'gahr), n. a shed or 
shelter for housing aeroplanes, bal- 
loons and all other air-craft. 



hangdog ('dog), adj. of degraded or 

sneaking appearance. 
hanger ('er), n. one who hangs; that 
by which something is hung or sus- 
pended ; a kind of cutlass. 

hangman ('man), n. [pi. hangmen 
('men) ], a public executioner. 

hangnail ('nal), n. a small piece of 
skin hanging from the root of a fin- 
ger-nail; an agnail. 

hanif (ha-nef), n. an orthodox Mo- 
hammedan; a monotheistic Arab, 
before the time of Mohammed. 

hank (hangk), n. two or more skeins 
of thread, silk, wool, &c, fastened 
together, one of the wooden rings 
to which a fore-and-aft sail is bent; 
a withy or rope for fastening a gate: 
v.t. to form into hanks. 

hanker Cer), v.i. to desire eagerly 
(with after). 

hanky-panky ('ki-pang'ki), n. jug- 
glery; adj. tricky; cheating. 

Hanseatic (-e-at'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the Hanse towns or their confed- 
eracy. 

Hanseatic League (han-se-at'ik leg), 
n. the confederation of certain com- 
mercial towns in Germany, banded 
together for mutual advantage and 
protection. Their most flourishing 
period was from the 12th to the 14th 
century. In 1889 the cities became 
a part of the German Empire. 

Hanse town (toun), n. a town con- 
federated with another for mutual 
trade and protection. 

hansom ('sum), n. a two-wheeled 
cab. 

haphazard ('haz-ard), n. chance; 

. accident: adv. by chance. 

hapless (hap'les), adj. unfortunate; 
unlucky; unhappy. 

haploma ('lo-ma), n. an outer cloth 
for an altar. 

haploscope (hap'lo-skop), n. a stere- 
oscope giving a different field of 
vision for each eye. 

haply ('li), adv. by chance; perhaps. 

happen ('n), v.i. to chance; occur. 

happily ('i-li), adv. successfully; by 
good fortune; felicitously. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b55n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HAPPINESS 



happiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being happy; good fortune: felici- 
tousness. 

haptic ('tik), adj. relating to the 
sense of touch. 

haptophore (hap'to-for), n. in Ehr- 
iich's famous side-chain theory, the 
part of a poisonous molecule that 
unites with the cell-receptor, or the 
uniting portion of the cell-receptor 
itself. 

harakiri (ha'ra-ke-ri), n. formerly 
in Japan, a method of suicide by 
ripping open the bowels, permitted 
to nobles and military officers so as to 
escape the indignity of a public exe- 
cution or official disgrace. Called 
also happy despatch: hari-kari 
(wrongly). 

harangue (ha-rang'), n. a public ad- 
dress or oration, especially extem- 
pore: v.i. to deliver a harangue: v.t. 
to address by a harangue. 

harass (har'as}, v.t. to annoy or vex; 
fatigue or weary with labor or im- 
portunity; to tire out and annoy an 
enemy by incessant petty attacks. 

harbinger (har'bin-jer), n. a pre- 
cursor; forerunner: v.t. announce; 
foretell; usher in. 

harbor ('ber), n. a port or haven for 
ships; any place of refuge or safety; 
formerly an inn or lodging: v.t. to 
shelter or protect; cherish. 

harborage (-aj), n. a port or anchor- 
age for ships. 

hard-by (hard-bl'), adv. near by. 

harden ('n), v.t. to make hard or 
harder; confirm in impudence or 
wickedness; toughen; inure: v.i. to 
become hard or harder. 

hardihood ('i-hood), n. effrontery; 
boldness; physical endurance. 

hardily ('i-H), adv. with hardihood. 

hardly ('li), adv. with difficulty; 
scarcely; vigorously; severely; with- 
out delicacy; coarsely; unfavorably. 

hard-pan ('pan), n. in mining, a 
stratuin of gravel or sand; a solid 
foundation. 

hardship ('ship), n. oppression; se- 
vere labor or want; injustice. 



355 



HARMONIC 



hard-tack ('tak), n. large, hard 
cracker or biscuit baked for army 
and -tavy use. 

hardware ('war), n. manufactured 
articles of metal. 

hare (har), n. a rodent, with long 
ears and a short tail, larger than a 
rabbit, characterized by its great 
timidity. 

harebell ('bel), n. a species of cam- 
panula, the bluebell of Scotland. 

harebrained ('brand), adj. volatile; 
wild. 

harefoot ('foot), n. a long narrow 
foot; a fast runner. 

harehound ('hound), n. a harrier. 

harelip ('lip), n. a malformation of 
the upper lip, which is divided in the 
middle. 

harem (ha/ or ha'rem), n. the apart- 
ments of the women and children in 
a Mohammedan house; the wives 
and concubines of a Mohammedan. 
Also hareem, haram. 

hare's-foot (harz'foot), n. a species 
of fern; a kind of clover; the foot 
of a hare used in making up by 
actors. 

haricot (har'i-ko), n. a kind of stew 
of meat and vegetables; the kidney- 
bean. 

hark (hark), v.i. to listen. Also 
harken. 

harlequin (harle-kwin), n. the per- 
former in a pantomime who wears 
parti-colored garments and carries a 
talismanic wand: adj. fantastic or 
full of trickery; parti-colored: v.i. to 
make fun by sportive tricks. 

harlequinade (-ad'), n. that part of 
a pantomime in which the harlequin 
appears; an extravaganza. 

harlot ('lot), n. a prostitute. 

harlotry (-ri), n. the trade or prac- 
tice of prostitution. 

harmel ('mel), n. an herb of the rue 
family used in the East as a vermi- 
fuge and disinfectant. 

harmful (harm 'fool), adj. hurtful; 
injurious. 

harmonic (har-mon'ik) , adj. pertain- 
ing to, or producing, harmony; mu- 



ate, arm, 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HARMONICA 



356 



HARVEST-MOON 



sical; concordant; harmonious; also 
harmonical: n.pl. the science of mu- 
sical sounds. 

harmonica (-mon'i-ka), n. a musical 
instrument the tones of which are 
produced by friction from a number 
of musical glasses filled to various 
heights with water; a mouth-organ; 
an oblong musical instrument con- 
sisting of a number of glass slips 
which are struck by a mallet. Also 
harmonicon. 

harmonic triad (tri'ad), n. the com- 
mon chord, consisting of its third 
and perfect fifth. 

harmonious (-mo'ni-us), adj. con- 
cordant; musical; symmetrical. 

harmonize ('mo-nlz), v.t. to render 
harmonious; cause to agree; recon- 
cile: v.i. to agree; be in peace and 
friendship; correspond. 

harmonist ('mo-nist), n. one who is 
skilled in harmony ; an expounder of 
the harmony of the Scriptures, espe- 
cially of the Gospels. 

harmonium (-mo'ni-um), n. a reed- 
organ. 

harmony ('mo-ni), n. [pi. harmonies 
(-niz) ], the quality of being pleas- 
ing to the ear; unison; just adapta- 
tion of parts to one another, so as 
to form a connected whole; accord 
in feeling, sentiment, &c. ; a literary 
work showing the agreement be- 
tween parallel or similar histories 
or passages. 

harness ('nes), n. the working gear 
of a horse; the accoutrement and 
armor of a knight; any arrange- 
ment, as of straps, &c, for perform- 
ing some mechanical operation: v.t. 
to put harness upon; equip, as a 
knight. 

harp (harp), n. a musical stringed 
instrument of triangular shape, 
played with the fingers: v.i. to play 
on the harp; dwell tediously or per- 
sistently on some particular subject 
(with on or upon). 

harpoon (-poon'), n. a long barb- 
headed spear having a line attached 



to the staff, for striking and killing 
whales: v.t. to strike with a harpoon. 

harpsichord ('si-kord), n. a stringed 
instrument with a keyboard, the 
precursor of the pianoforte. 

harpy ('i), n. [pi. harpies ('iz) ], in 
classical mythology, one of three 
winged monsters, the daughters of 
Neptune and Terra, with a woman's 
face, and the body and sharp claws 
of a vulture, exceedingly rapacious 
and filth}'-: hence, an extortioner; a 
large crested American eagle. 

harridan (har'i-dan), n. an ugly, ill- 
tempered old woman. 

harrier ('i-er), n._ a variety of dog 
used for hunting hares; a species of 
hawk. 

harrow ('o), n. an agricultural in- 
strument for breaking up clods and 
casting earth upon sown land: v.t. 
to break up, tear, or draw over with 
a harrow; lacerate or torment. 

harry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. harried, 
p.pr. harrying], to plunder, lay 
waste; annoy or vex; tease; harass: 
v.i. to make predatory raids. 

harsh (harsh), adj. discordant; jar- 
ring; rough to the ear, taste, or 
touch; austere. 

hart (hart), n. the male of the red 
deer. 

hartbeest ('best), n. a large African 
antelope. 

hartshorn (z'horn), n. the antler of 
a hart; a volatile preparation of 
ammonia. 

harum-scarum (har'um-skar'um), 
adj. giddy; wild; reckless; untidy. 

haruspex (ha-rus'peks), ft. [pi. ha- 
ruspices ('pi-sez) ], an ancient Ro- 
man diviner or soothsayer who fore- 
told events by inspecting the entrails 
of sacrificial victims. Also aruspex. 

harvest (har'vest), ft. the season of 
reaping and gathering in the har- 
vest: v.t. to gather in, as corn; reap. 

harvest-home (-horn), n. a harvest 
festival. 

harvest-moon (-moon), ft. the full 
moon which falls near the time of the 
autumnal equinox, about Sept. 23. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boo: 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



; boon, 






HARVEYIZE 



357 



HAVERSIAN CANALS 



Harveyize (har'vi-Iz), v.t. to subject 
the face of a plate of steel (usually 
to be used as an armor plate) to a 
hardening process devised by H. A. 
Harvey. 

hash (hash), n. a dish of meat cut 
and cooked with vegetables; a mix- 
ture: v. t. to chop small and mix. 

hashish ('esh), n. an intoxicant made 
from Indian hemp ; bhang. 

haslet (has'let), n. the liver, heart, 
and lungs of a sheep. 

hasp (hasp), n. a clasp folded over a 
staple and secured with a padlock: 
v.t. to shut or secure with a hasp. 

hassock (has'ok), n. a padded mat or 
cushion for kneeling upon in church, 
&c.;akneeler. 

haste (hast), n. quickness of move- 
ment; celerity; speed; urgency; pre- 
cipitancy; vehemence: v.t. to hasten. 

hasten (ha'sn), v.t. to cause to make 
haste; hurry; urge forward: v.i. to 
move with speed; be quick. 

hastily ('sti-li), adv. in a hasty manner. 

hasty ('sti), adj. [comp. hastier, 
superl. hastiest], precipitate; quick; 
speedy; eager; vehement; rash. 

hasty-pudding (-pud-ing), n. a pud- 
ding of flour or meal and water or 
milk stirred together and boiled. 

hatband ('band), n. a band worn 
round the hat; a black cloth band 
worn as a token of mourning. 

hatch (hach), v.t. to produce (young) 
from eggs' plot or contrive; shade 
by narrow lines; close with, or as 
with, a hatch. 

hatch-boat ('bot), n. a half -decked 
fishing- vessel with a well for holding 
fish. 

hatchery ('er-i), n. a place where 
eggs are artificially hatched, espe- 
cially those of fish. 

hatchet ('et) , n. a small axe. 

hatching ('ing), n. a kind of draw- 
ing or engraving by narrow parallel 
or crossed lines. 

hatchling (hach'ling), n. a young 
fish in a hatchery during the period 
when it is still especially protected 
and fed. 



hatchment ('ment), n. the escutch- 
eon or armorial bearings of a de- 
ceased person, placed in front of his 
house, on a tomb, in a church, &c. 

hatchway ('wa), n. a rectangular 
opening in the deck of a vessel for 
passage below. 

hate (hat), v.t. to dislike intensely; 
abhor; detest: n. hatred. 

hauberk ('berk), n. a coat of armor 
formed of steel rings, reaching be- 
low the knees. 

haughtily (haw'ti-li), adv. in a haugh- 
ty manner. 

haughty ('ti), adj. [comp. haughtier, 
superl. haughtiest], proud and dis- 
dainful; supercilious; contemptuous. 

haul (hawl), v.t. to pull or draw 
with force; transport by drawing; 
<v.i. to change the course of a ship; 
shift: said of the wind: n. a strong 
pull; draught of a net; quantity 
over which anything is drawn. 

haulage ('aj), n. the act or process 
of hauling; charges for hauling. 

hauler (hawl'er), n. one who, or that 
which, hauls. 

haulm (hawm), n. the stalks or stems 
of grain, beans, &c; stubble. - 

haunch (hanch), n. the fleshy part 
of the hip and buttock; a joint of 
venison or mutton; shoulder of an 
arch. 

haunt (hant), n. a place of accus- 
tomed resort: v.t. to visit frequently 
or habitually; trouble with frequent 
visits, as an apparition. 

hautboy (ho'boi), n. a, wind instru- 
ment of the flute class: the oboe. 

hauteur (ho-toor'), n. haughty bear- 
ing or spirit. 

Havana (ha-van'a), n. a cigar made 
of Cuban tobacco. 

haven (havn), n. a sheltered anchor- 
age for ships; harbor; place of shel- 
ter and safety. 

haversack (hav'er-sak), n. a strong 
coarse linen bag in which soldiers 
carry their rations when marching. 

haversian canals (ha-ver'si-an ka'- 
nalz), n.pl. small longitudinal canals 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon* 
book; hue, hut; think, 2Aen. 



HAVOC 



358 



HEADSTRONG 



in the bones conveying the vessels of 
nutrition, 

havoc ('ok), n, wide and general de- 
struction; devastation. 

haw (haw), n. the fruit of various 
species of hawthorn; an excrescence 
under the third eyelid of a horse; a 
hedge or inclosure; a hesitation in 
speech. 

Hawaiian (ha-wi'yan), adj. pertain- 
ing to Hawaii, its inhabitants, or 
language. 

hawk (hawk), n. a name for various 
species of raptorial birds allied to 
the eagles and falcons; a forcible ef- 
fort to clear the throat of phlegm ; a 
square board, with a short handle, 
for holding, mortar: v.t. to cry, or 
carry about, for sale: v.i. to make a 
forcible effort to cough up phlegm; 
to fly trained hawks at birds on the 
wing. 

hawkbill ('bil), n. a marine turtle 
that furnishes tortoiseshell : so 
named from its curved upper jaw. 

hawker ('er), n.~ one who cries and 
sells goods in the streets; peddler; 
falconer. 

Hawkeye State (hawk'i), n. a popular 
name for the State of Iowa. 

hawkmoth ('moth), n. a large moth 
whose flight somewhat resembles 
that of a hawk. 

hawkweed ('wed), n. a plant of the 
aster family with yellow flowers. 

hawse (hawz), n. that part of a ship's 
bows where the hawse-holes are sit- 
uated. 

hawse-hole ('hoi), n. one of the two 
holes under a ship's bow through 
which the cable passes when the ves- 
sel is moored. 

hawser ('er), n. a thick rope or cable. 

hawthorn (haw'thorn), n. a prickly 
shrub or tree of the rose family. 

haycock ('kok), a conical pile of hay. 

hay-fever ('fe-ver), n. a catarrh, ac- 
companied by itching, sneezing, 
slight fever, and pains in the head. 

haymow ('mow), n. a mass of hay 
laid up in a barn. 

Haytian (ha'ti-an), adj. pertaining 



to Hayti or its inhabitants. Also 
Haitian. 

hazard (haz'ard), n. chance; acci- 
dent; risk; danger; a dice game; a 
stroke at billiards: v.t. to run the 
risk of ; chance; put in peril. 

hazard Card), in golf an obstacle, 
as a bunker, a pool of water, or a 
ditch, which renders the game more 
difficult. 

hazardous (-us), adj. risky; peril- 
ous. 

haze (haz), n. a slight fog or mist; 
dimness of sight or knowledge: v.i. 
to be foggy or misty: v.t. pursue or 
harass by overwork or unpleasant 
tasks; play practical jokes upon, 
especially of a severe kind. 

hazel ('1), n. a shrub or tree of the 
genus Corylus, bearing an edible nut. 

haziness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing hazy. 

hazy ('i), adj. misty; obscure. 

header ('er), n. a plunge or fall fore- 
most; one who puts heads on, as in 
pin-making; a machine, &c, for 
making or removing heads; a brick 
or stone with its short face in front. 

headfast ('fast), n. a rope at the 
bow of a ship to secure to a wharf, 
&c. 

heading ('ing), n. a title; material 
from which casks' heads are made; 
the strip on a piece of embroidery, 
for sewing on to a garment; the 
adit of a mine. 

headland ('land), n. a promontory. 

headline ('lin), n. a line of type dis- 
played conspicuously at the top of a 
page, chapter, column of a newspa- 
per, &c. : pi. the ropes at the head of 
a sail by which it is secured to the 
yard. 

headlong ('long), adv. head fore- 
most; rashly; precipitously: adj. 
rash; precipitate; violent; thought- 
less. 

headsman (z'man), n. an execution- 
er. 

headstrong ('strong), adj. ungov- 
ernable; self-willed. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



r 



HEADWIND 



359 



HEAVY 



headwind ('wind), n. a contrary 
wind. 

heady (hed'i), adj. precipitate; in- 
toxicating. 

heal (hel), v.t. to restore to health; 

Kcure; make sound; reconcile: v.i. to 
become we'll or sound, 
ealing ('ing), p. adj. curative. 
health (helth), n. freedom from bod- 
ily pain or disease; vigor of mind; 
moral purity; righteousness; heal- 
ing power; a toast or pledge. 
althful ('fool), adj. promoting 
health; salubrious. 
jalthy ('i), adj. [comp. healthier, 
superl. healthiest], noting a sound 
condition of body; enjoying, or con- 
tributing, to health. 

p (hep), n. a pile or collection of 

things thrown together; a quantity; 

accumulation; crowd: v.t. to form 

to a heap; pile up; aggregate; 



darken. Same as harken. 
iarse (hers), n a vehicle for the 
conveyance of dead bodies to the 
grave. 

jart (hart), n. the organ in animals 
by the muscular contraction and di- 
lation of which the blood is circu- 
lated through the arteries, &c; the 
vital, inner, or chief part of any- 
thing; the seat of the affections and 
passions; emotion; tenderness; af- 
fection; courage; will; spirit; en- 
ergy; power; resolution; secret 
thoughts; conscience; one of a suit 
of cards marked with one or more 
red hearts; a variety of cherry: pi. 
a card game. 

trtburn ('bern), n. a burning af- 
fection of the esophagus, caused by 
acidity of the stomach. 
jar ted ('ed), adj. having a heart 
(used in compounds, denoting gen- 
erally affections, qualities, &c, as 
good-hearted, &c). 

hearten ('n), v.t. to give courage to; 
inspirit. 

hearth (harth), n. that part of a 
room where the fire is made: hence 
the family circle. 



heartily ('i-li), adv. cordially; sner- 
getically. 

hearty (hart'i), adj. [comp. heartier, 
superl. heartiest], cordial; sincere; 
open; warm; strong; vigorous; good- 
natured; kind; healthy; having a 
keen appetite. 

heat (het), n. the sensation produced 
by a hot body ; caloric ; the state of 
being hot; effervescence; agitation 
of sudden or violent passion; ardor; 
vehemence; redness or flush of the 
face; a course at a race; hot weather: 
v.t. to make hot; warm; excite with 
passion or desire; make feverish; 
animate: v.i. to become hot or warm. 

heater ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, heats, as various mechanical 
contrivances. 

heath (heth), n. a small evergreen 
flowering shrub with rose-colored 
flowers growing on moorlands, &c; 
heather; moorland, especially with 
heath growing upon it. 

heathen (he'thn), n. one who is ig- 
norant of the true God; a pagan; 
idolater; a rude, irreligious, uncul- 
tured person. 

heather (he^'er). Same as heath. 

heathy (heth'i), adj. pertaining to, 
resembling, or abounding in, heath. 

Tieave (hev), v.t. to hoist or lift up; 
force from the breast, as a sigh; 
cause to swell; throw: v.i. to be 
lifted up; swell; rise and fall alter- 
nately; struggle or toil; . pant; 
vomit: n. an effort or exertion up- 
wards; lift; the act of throwing; 
swell or rising; haul; struggle, ef- 
fort to vomit. 

heaven (hev'n), n. the abode of God 
and the blessed; the firmament or 
sky; a state or condition of bliss. 

Heaven, n. the Supreme Being. 

heaver (hev'er), n. one who, or that 
which, lifts or heaves, especially one 
who loads or unloads goods, coal, &c. 

heaviness (hev'i-nes), n. the quality 
of being heavy; dejection; grief. 

heavy ('i), adj. [comp. heavier, su- 
per!, heaviest], ponderous; weighty; 
oppressive; grievous; laborious; ob- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n6te, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HEBDOMADAL 



360 



HEGLEEK 



structive; depressed; dull; dense; 
powerful; loud; indigestible; clayey; 
adv. heavily [poet.]. 

hebdomadal (heb-dom'a-dal), adj. 
including a term of seven days ; hap- 
pening once in every period of that 
duration. 

hebetude (heb'e-tiid), n. sluggish- 
ness; dullness. 

Hebraic (he-bra'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the Hebrews, the Jewish language 
or literature. 

Hebraist (-ist), n. one who is learned 
in the Hebrew language and litera- 
ture. 

Hebrew ('broo), adj._ pertaining to 
the Hebrews, a Semitic race; Jew- 
ish: n. the Hebrew language; a Jew. 

Hebrewess (-es), n. a Jewess. 

Hecate (hek'a-te), n. an ancient 
threefold Grecian deity possessing 
power over heaven, earth, and the 
under-world. 

hecate, n. a witch; a hag. 

hecato, a prejix meaning a hundred. 
Also hecaton, hect, hecto. 

hecatomb ('a-toom), n. a sacrifice 
of a hundred oxen; any large sac- 
rifice or slaughter. 

heck (hek), n. a rack for fodder; lat- 
ticework; a latticework grating for 
catching or hanging fish upon; a 
bend in a stream. 

heckle (hek'l), v.t. to ask embarrass- 
ing questions of a speaker at a public 
meeting; to badger; to torment. 

hectare ('tar), n. in the metric sys- 
tem, a French land measure = 100 
ares, of 2.47 acres. 

hectic ('tik), adj. constitutional; 
slow, but of long continuance; per- 
taining to hectic fever; feverish: n. 
a remittent fever accompanying con- 
sumption, characterized by a bright 
pink spot or flush on the cheeks. 

hectogramme ('to-gram), n. in the 
metric system, a French weight = 
100 grammes, or 3,53 ounces. 

hectograph ('to-graf), n. an appa- 
ratus for multiplying copies of a 
letter or drawing, &c. 

hectoliter ('to-le-tr), n. in the met- 



ric system, a French liquid measure 
= 100 liters or 26.42 gallons. 

hectometer ('to-me-tr), n. in the 
metric system, a French measure of 
length =100 meters, or 328 feet, 1 
inch. 

hector ('ter), v.t. to bully or blus- 
ter: from Hector, the Trojan hero. 

hectostere ('to-ster) , n. in the metric 
system a French^ cubic measure= 
100 cubic meters. * 

heddles (hed'dlz), n.pl. in a loom, 
the harness for guiding the warp 
threads. 

hedge (hej), n. a fence of bushes or 
shrubs: v.t. to inclose with a hedge; 
encircle; invest: v.i. to bet on both 
sides, so that the possibility of loss 
will be diminished; skulk: adj. mean; 
comtemptible ; of the lowest class. 

hedgehog ('hog), n. an insectivorous 
mammal covered on the back with 
spines or prickles. 

hedge-priest (hej'prest), n. one pre- 
tending to Jbe and acting as a priest, 
but who has never received clerical 
orders and is without authority. 

hedonic (he-don'ik), adj. pertaining 
to hedonism 

hedonism ('do-nizm), n. the doctrine 
that pleasure is the chief end of life. 

heed (hed), v.t. to regard with care; 
take notice of; mind; attend; re- 
gard: n. careful attention; regard; 
caution. 

heeler ('er), n. a political hanger-on. 

heeling ('ing), n. the degree of in- 
clination of a vessel from the per- 
pendicular. 

heel-tap ('tap), n. a small thickness 
of leather for a shoe-heel. 

heft (heft), n. a handle; an effort; 
weight; the greater part or bulk. 

hegemony (he-gem 'o-ni), n. leader- 
ship ; superiority ; applied to a state 
predominating over another. 

Hegira (he-ji-ra), n. the flight of 
Mohammed from Mecca to Medina 
(662 A.D.). Also Hejira. 

hegleek (heg'lek), n. an African 
tree yielding an edible fruit, from 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






HEIFER 



361 



HELIX 



which an intoxicating drink is made 
by the natives. 

heifer (hef'er), n. a young cow. 

heigh-ho (hi'h5), inter j. an expres- 
sion of languor or uneasiness. 

height (hit), n. altitude; elevation; 
highest state or degree; an eminence 
or hill; summit; stature. 

heighten ('en), v.t. to make high or 
higher; elevate; intensify; set off; 
increase; aggravate; improve. 

heinous (ha/nus), adj. atrocious; 
extremely wicked; flagrant. 

heir (ar), n. one who succeeds an- 
other in the possession of property, 
title, office, mental gifts, &c. 

heir-apparent (-ap-pa/rent), n. one 
whose right to succeed is inde- 
feasible at law if he outlives his 
ancestor. 

heiress ('es), n. a female heir. 

heirloom ('loom), n. any movable 
or personal chattel, which by its 
connection with an estate descends 
to the heir. 

heir-presumptive (-pre-zump'tiv) , 
n. one who will succeed as heir if his 
right is not barred by the birth of 
one nearer in succession than himself. 

hejira. Same as hegira. 

heliac (he'li-ak), adj. pertaining to the 
sun ; emerging from, or passing into, 
the light of the sun. Also heliacal. 

Helianthus (he-li-an'thus), n. a ge- 
nus of plants to which the sunflower 
belongs. 

helic, a prefix meaning spiral. Also 
helico. 

helical (hel'i-kal), adj. spiral-shaped. 

helicoid ('i-koid), adj. coiled like the 
shell of a snail: n. a spirally-curved 
geometrical figure. 

helicopter (hel-i-kop'ter), n. a flying 
machine designed so as to be lifted 
vertically into the air. 

helio, prefix meaning sun, caused 
by, or like, the sun or sunlight, as 
heliograph, an instrument for tak- 
ing a photograph of the sun, or for 
signaling by reflecting sunlight from 
one mirror to another. 



heliocentric (he-li-o-sen'trik), adj. 
having the sun as the center. 

heliochrome ('li-o-krom), n. a pho- 
tograph in natural colors. 

heliochromotype ('o-tip), n. a pho- 
tograph reproducing the color of the 
subject. 

heliochromy (-ok'ro-mi), n. the art 
or process of obtaining photographs 
in natural colors. 

heliograph. See under helio. 

heliolatry (-ol'a-tri), n. worship of 
the sun. 

heliometer (-om'e-ter), n. a microm- 
eter for measuring small angles in 
the heavens. 

helioscene ('li-o-sen), n. a kind of 
sun-blind. 

helioscope ('li-5-skop), n. a form of 
refracting telescope for observing 
the sun. 

heliosis (-o'sis), n. the production of 
spots on leaves by the continued 
action of the sun's rays; sunstroke. 

heliostat ('li-o-stat), n. an instru- 
ment by which signaling is carried 
On by means of a mirror, moved by 
clockwork. 

heliotrope ('li-o-trop), n. a plant 
whose flowers follow the course of 
the sun; a green-colored variety of 
chalcedony with small red spots; 
bloodstone ; the color of the flowers 
of heliotrope, bluish-pink. 

heliotropism (-ot'ro-pizm), n. the 
movements of flowers or leaves to- 
ward the sun. 

heliotype ('li-o-tip), n. an impres- 
sion from a photograph taken on a 
gelatine plate hardened with alum. 

helium ('li-um), n. an element first 
discovered in the spectrum of the 
sun and supposed to be peculiar to 
that body. It has recently been 
discovered on the earth, and a gas 
arising from radium has been ob- 
served to change into this element. 

helix ('liks), n. [pi. helices (hel'i- 
sez) ], a spiral line, as of a line 
coiled round; a circumvolution; the 
margin of the external ear; a small 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HELLAS 



362 



HEMOPHILE 



volute; a genus of molluscs, con- 
taining the shell snails. 

Hellas (hel'as), n. the name given by 
the ancient Greeks to Greece. 

hellebore ('e-bor), n. the Christmas 
rose. 

Hellene ('en),,?!, a Greek. 

Hellenic (he-len'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, the ancient 
Hellenes or Greeks, or to Grecian 
art and literature. 

Hellenism (heren-izm), n. a Greek 
idiom; Grecian culture and the love 
of the beautiful in art, &c. 

hello (hero) and hullo (huTo), 
common exclamations of greetings, 
now the usual form of a telephone 
call. 

helm (helm), n. the apparatus for 
steering a ship; tiller; the place of 
its direction and government; a hel- 
met [poet.]: v.t. to guide or con- 
duct. 

helmet ('et), n. metal or leather ar- 
mor for the head; the hooded upper 
lip of a flower. 

helminthology (hel-min-thol'o-ji) , 
n. that branch of zoology that treats 
of worms. 

helminthous (hel-min'thus), adj. in- 
fested with or pertaining to worms, 
particularly those of the intestines. 

helo, a prefix meaning nail, occurring 
in various^ scientific words, as helo- 
dont, having nail-like teeth; helo- 
derm, a Mexican poisonous lizard 
with mail-like scales. 

helot (hel'ot, or he'lot), n. a slave in 
ancient Sparta; slave or serf. 

helot ism (he'lot-izm), n. keeping of 
slaves by animals or insects, as 
plant lice are kept by some species of 
ants. 

helotry (herot-ri), n. the condition of 
a helot; body of helots. Also 
helotage. 

heloxyle (he-lok'sil), n. a building 
material for walls, ceiling, &c, 
composed of compressed peat-rfiber. 

helter-skelter (hel'ter-skel'ter), adv. 
in hurry and confusion. 



helve (helv), n. the handle of an axe, 
&c. 

Helvetian (hel-ve'shan), adj. per- 
taining to Switzerland: n. a Swiss. 
Also Helvetic. 

hema, a prefix meaning blood, occur- 
ring in many scientific words. Also 
hem, hemato, hsema, haem, hsemato. 

hemacite (hem'a-sit), n. an artificial 
substitute for horn of which the 
basis is blood. 

hematin (hem'a-tin), n. the red col- 
oring matter in the blood. Also 
hsematin. 

hemi, a prefix meaning half, as hemi- 
sphere, half a sphere or globe. 

hemicrania (hem'i-kra-ni-a), n. a 
pain on one side of the head. 

hemicrescentic (hem'i-kre-sen-tik), 
adj. shaped like half a crescent, as 
the bills of certain birds. 

hemihedral (-he'dral), adj. having 
only half the normal number of 
planes or faces: said of crystals. 

hemilytic (hem-i-lit'ik), adj. relating 
to the retardation of evolutionary 
progress by inbreeding and close 
selection. 

hemiopia (-i-o'pi-a), n. & defect in 
vision in which only the half of an 
object is seen. 

hemiplegia (-ple'ji-a), n. paralysis 
of one side of the body. 

hemisphere. See under hemi. 

hemistich (-stik), n. in poetry, an 
incomplete line or the half of a line. 

hemlock (hem'lok), n. a wild poi- 
sonous plant of the parsley family: 
hemlock spruce, an evergreen tree of 
the pine family: the .lumber made 
from the hemlock tree. 

hemming ('ing), n. the action of 
the verb to hem; hems collectively. 

hemo. See haema. 

hemoglobin (hem-o-glo'bin), n. an 
albuminoid substance in the blood 
forming the chief constituent of the 
red corpuscles. 

hemophile (hem'6-fil), n. a person 
who is subject to an abnormal ten- 
dency to bleeding, sometimes spoken 
of as a bleeder. 



^e, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HEMOPTYSIS 



363 



HERBIVORA 



smoptysis (-op'ti-sis), n. spitting 
of blood. 

morrhage (hem'o-raj), n. bleed- 
ing from the lungs, arteries, veins, 
&c. 

morrhoids ('o-roidz), n.pl. bleed- 
'ng piles. 

mp (hemp), n. a plant of the net- 

;le family, the tough fiber of which 

used for cordage and various 

Lds of coarse linen; in the East, 

narcotic and intoxicant, hashish 

(q.v.),*is obtained from hemp. 

ipen ('en), adj. pertaining to, or 

ade of, hemp. 

bane ('ban), n. a poisonous 
oarse hairy wild herb of the night- 
ihade family deadly to fowls. 
nee (hens), adv. from this place, 
•urce, or time; in consequence of 
is: inter j. away! begone! 
ichman (hench'man), n. [pi. 
lenchmen ('men) ], formerly, a male 
attendant or servant; groom; one 
ho serves in a political campaign 
der another for pecuniary consid- 
erations. 

ndeca, a prefix meaning eleven,, as 
~>endecahedron, a solid figure having 
eleven plane faces. 
idecagon (hen-dek'a-gon), n. a 
dane figure having eleven sides and 
sleven angles. 

idecasyllable (-sil'a-bl), n. a 
etrical fine or verse of eleven syl- 
ables. 
na ('a), n. a tropical shrub from 
ie powdered leaves of which a cos- 
tetic paste is made: used in the 
last to dye the nails, hair, &c, a 
sddish-orange color. 
>at, a prefix meaning the liver. 
lso hepato, as hepatocele, hernia 
f the liver. 

iatic (he-pat'ik), adj. pertaining 
the liver. 
iepatocele. See under hepat. 
hepatogastric (h e-pat-6-gas'trik) , 
adj. pertaining to the liver and the 
stomach. 
hept, a prefix meaning seven. Also 
hepta, as heptachord, a series of 



seven notes; a seven-stringed musi- 
cal instrument. 

heptaglot ('ta-glot), adj. written in 
seven languages. 

heptagon ('ta-gon), n. a plane figure 
having seven sides and seven angles. 

heptagonal (-tag'o-nal), adj. having 
seven sides or seven angles. 

heptahedron (-he'dron), n. a solid 
figure with seven sides. 

heptahexahedral (-heks-a-he'dral), 
adj. having seven ranges of faces 
one above the other, each range 
containing six faces. 

heptarchy ('tark-i), n. [pi. hep- 
tarchies (-iz) ], a government by 
seven rulers, especially the seven 
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms established in 
England. 

herald (her'ald), n. formerly an offi- 
cial who proclaimed peace and war, 
bore messages from a sovereign to 
a commander, superintended coro- 
nations and other public ceremonial 
functions, &c; an official whose 
duty it is to grant, record, and bla- 
zon arms, trace pedigrees, &c; a 
precursor: v.t. to introduce; pro- 
claim; usher in. 

heraldic (he-ral'dik), adj. pertaining 
to heralds or heraldry. 

heraldry (her'ald-ri) , n. the science 
that treats of armorial bearings, and 
of determining pedigrees, &c. 

herb (erb, or herb), n. a plant with 
a soft and succulent stem that, after 
flowering, withers away. 

herbaceous (-a'shus), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, or feed- 
ing upon, herbs. 

herbage ('aj), n. herbs collectively; 
grass; pasturage; the right of pas- 
ture on the lands of another. 

herbal ('al), adj. pertaining to herbs: 
n. a book descriptive of plants. 

herbarium (-ba'ri-um), n. [pi. her- 
baria (-&)], a systematic collection of 
dried plants for purposes of study; 
a building where such a collection 
is kept. 

herbivora (-biv'o-ra), n.pl. mam- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HERBIVOROUS 



364 



HEROIC VERSE 



mals that feed on herbs or vegeta- 
bles. 

herbivorous ('o-rus), adj. feeding on 
herbs. 

Herculean (-ku'le-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Hercules, the hero of Grecian 
mythology, possessed of superhuman 
strength : hence of exceeding strength 
and power; huge; vast; very 
difficult. 

herd (herd), n. a collection of beasts 
or cattle feeding or driven together; 
crowd; a keeper of cattle: v.i. to 
unite or associate, as beasts; crowd 
together. 

heredi table (he-red 'it-a-bl), adj. that 
may be inherited. Also heritable. 

hereditably (-bli), adv. by way of 
inheritance. 

hereditament (her-e-dit'a-ment), n. 
property inherited. 

hereditarily (he-red'i-ta-ri-li), adv. 
by way of inheritance. 

hereditary ('i-ta-ri), adj. passing 
from an ancestor to a descendant; 
transmitted from parent to offspring. 

heredity ('i-ti), n. the transmission 
of physical or mental characteris- 
tics or qualities from parent to off- 
spring; the tendency of an organism 
to reproduce the characteristics of 
the progenitor. 

heresy (her'e-si), n. [pi. heresies 
(-siz)], an opinion or doctrine at 
variance 'with fundamental truths 
commonly received as orthodox, es- 
pecially if leading to division. 

heretic ('e-tik), n. one who holds, or 
maintains, heretical opinions. 

heretical (-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
having the character of, heresy; sub- 
versive of, or contrary to, orthodox 
belief. 

heritable, same as hereditable. 

heritage (her'i-taj), n. an estate that 
passes from an ancestor to a de- 
scendant; a birthright or irherit- 
ance; the people of God. 

hermaphrodite (her-maf'ro-dit), adj. 
having the sexual characteristics of 
both male and female in the same 
inclividual: n. an animal with both 



the male and female sexual organs; 
a plant having stamens and pistils 
in the same floral envelope; a brig 
square-rigged forward and schooner- 
rigged aft. 

hermeneutics (her-men-u'tiks), n. 
the science of explaining and in- 
terpreting. 

hermetic (her-met'ik), adj. perfect- 
ly closed and air-tight. Also her- 
metical. 

hermit ('mit), n. one who retires 
from society and lives in solitude, 
especially for devotional contempla- 
tion; an anchorite. 

hermitage (-aj), n. the abode of a 
hermit; a variety of red and white 
French wine. 

hermit-crab ('krab), n. one of a 
genus of crabs that live in the empty 
shells of univalve mollusks. 

hermitical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
to, or suited for, a hermit; solitary. 

hern (hern), n. the heron. Also 
hernshaw. 

hernani (her-na'ni), n. a woolen or 
silk dress fabric. 

hernia ('ni-a), n. a protrusion of 
some part of the intestine, or of 
some other internal organ; rupture. 

hernial ('ni-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or resembling, hernia. 

herniotomy (-ni-ot'6-mi), n. the 
operation of cutting for strangu- 
lated hernia. 

hernshaw. See hern. 

hero (he'ro), n. [pi. heroes ('roz) ], 
a demigod; a man of distinguished 
courage, moral or physical; the chief 
character in a play, novel, poem, 
&c. 

heroic (he-ro'ik), adj. having the 
qualities of a hero; producing he- 
roes; larger than life; venturesome; 
drastic. Also heroical: n.pl. ex- 
travagant or boastful language. 

heroic age (aj), n. the age in which 
the demigods or heroes of Greek 
antiquity are fabled to have lived. 

heroic verse (vers), n. epic poetry; 
the hexameter verse in Greek and 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HEROINE 



365 



HEXAMETER 



Latin poetry; in English, an iambic 
measure of ten syllables. 

heroine (her'o-in), n. a female hero; 
the female character in a play, 
novel, &c. 

heroism (her'o-izm), n. the qualities 
of a hero. 

heron ('un), n. a wading bird with a 
long neck and long legs. 

herperto, a prefix meaning lizard. 

herpes (her'pez), n. a skin disease, 
characterized by small clusters of 
vesicles on inflamed surfaces. 

herpetology (her-pe-tol'o-ji), n. that 
branch of zoology that treats of rep- 
tiles and amphibians. 

Herr (her) n. mister, or sir [Ger- 
man]. 

herring ('ing), n. an edible sea-fish 
moving in shoals. 

herring-bone (-bon), n. & kind of 
cross-stitch: v.t. & v.i. to work in 
such a stitch. 

Herschel (her'shel), n. the planet 
Uranus. 

herse (hers), n. a portcullis, in the 
form of a narrow set with spikes. 

hesitancy (hez'i-tan-si), n. hesita- 
tion; suspense. 

hesitate ('i-tat), v.i. to be in sus- 
pense or uncertainty; pause; vacil- 
late; stammer. 

Hesper (hes'per), n. the evening star, 
especially Venus. Also Hesperus. 

Hesper ides ('i-dez), n.pl. in Grecian 
mythology, the four daughters of 
Nox (Night) and granddaughters 
of Hesperus, who guarded the 
golden apples given by Gaia to Hera 
on her marriage with Zeus (Jupi- 
ter); the garden containing the 
golden apples protected by an en- 
chanted dragon. 

Hesperus. Same as Hesper. 

Hessian _ (hesh'an), adj. pertaining to 
Hesse in Germany or its inhabit- 
ants; a venal politician: pi. top- 
boots with tassels in front. 

Hessian-fly (-fli), n. a small fly the 
larvse of which are very destructive 
to corn crops. 

hest (hest), n. a behest; command. 



hetaerism (he-te'rizm), n. open con- 
cubinage; a system of communal 
marriage among certain tribes. 

hetero a prefix meaning another, ab- 
normal, different, unequal. Also 
heter, as heterocercal, having the 
upper lobe of the tail longer than 
the lower lobe: said of certain fish. 

heterodox ('er-o-doks), adj. deviat- 
ing from an accepted doctrine or 
standard of faith, &c; heretical: 
opposed to orthodox. 

heterogeneity _ (-je-ne'i-ti), n. dif- 
ference in kind; dissimilarity. 

heterogeneous (-o-j e'ne-us) , adj. 
opposite or dissimilar in character, 
quality, structure, &c, not homo- 
geneous. 

heterogenesis (-jen'e-sis), n. the 
doctrine that certain organisms can 
produce offspring differing in struc- 
ture and habit from the parent, but 
reverting in subsequent generations 
to the original type. 

heterologous (-ol'o-gus), adj. ab- 
normal in type or structure; con- 
sisting of different elements, or of 
the same elements in varying pro- 
portions. 

heteromorphism (-mor'fizm) , n. 
deviation from the natural form or 
structure. 

heter onomous (-on'o-mus), adj. dif- 
fering from the normal type. 

heteroscopy (het-e-ros'ko-pi), n. dif- 
ference of vision in the two eyes, a 
very common defect. 

hexa a prefix meaning six. Also 
hex, as _ hexachord, a six-stringed 
musical instrument. 

hexad (heks'ad), n. a chemical ele- 
ment, atom, or radical that can be 
combined with, or replaced by, six 
atoms of hydrogen. 

hexagon ('a-gon), n. a plane figure 
having six angles and six sides. 

hexagonal (-al), adj. six-sided. 

hexahedron (-a-he'dron), n. [pi. 
hexahedra ('dra) ], a solid bounded 
by six plane faces. 

hexameter (-am'e-ter), n. in Greek 
and Latin verse, a line consisting 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HEXAPOD 



366 



HIGH MASS 



of six feet, the last being usually a 
spondee. 

hexapod ('a-pod), n. an animal with 
six legs, as insects. 

hexiology (-i-ol'o-ji), n. the science 
of habits and environment. 

hiatus (hl-a/tus), n. a break; vacan- 
cy; gap; the concurrence of two 
vowels in two successive syllables. 

hibernaculum (-ber-nak'u-lum), n. 
[pi. -la], the winter quarters of a 
hibernating animal; the bud-scales 



). 



of a winter bud. 



hibernal (-ber'nal), adj. wintry. 
hibernate ('ber-nat), v.i. to pass 

the winter in a state of torpor, as 

certain animals; to winter. 
Hibernia (hi-ber'ni-a), n. the name 

given by the Romans to Ireland, 

now mostly used in poetry and 

romantic writing. 
Hibernian ('ni-an), adj. pertaining 

to, or characteristic of, Hibernia or 

Ireland. 
Hiberno-Celtic ('no-sel'tik), adj. 

pertaining to the Kelts of Ireland or 

their language: n. native Irish. Also 

Hiberno-Keltic. 
hiccough ('up), n. a short convulsive 

cough: v.i. to utter a short convul- 
sive cough. Also hiccup. 
hie jacet (ja/set), (Latin: here lies) 

an inscription on tombstones 
hickory ('o-ri), n. [pi. hickories 

-riz) ], an American nut-bearing 

tree of the genus Carya. 
hidalgo (hi-dal'go), n. in Spain, a 

nobleman of the lowest rank. Fern. 

hidalga. 
hidebound ('bound), adj. having 

the skin close or contracted; preju- 
diced; bigoted. 
hideous (hid'e-us), adj. offensive to 

the sight, ear, or taste; shocking; 

dreadful; horrible. 
hiding (hid'ing), n. concealment; a 

beating. 
hie (hi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hied, p.pr. 

hieing], to excite; speed: v.i. to 

hasten. 
hierarch ('er-ark), n. the chief ruler 

of an ecclesiastical body; the leader 



of an angelic host ; in ancient Greece, 
an officer who had charge of votive 
offerings. 

hierarchism (-izm), n. church gov- 
ernment by a hierarchy. 

hierarchy (-i), n. [pi. hierarchies 
(-iz) ], the higher and lower clergy 
of a church; priesthood; rank of 
holy beings, as angels; in biology, 
a series of systematic groups. 

hieratic (-e-rat'ik), adj. pertaining to 
priests; sacred; consecrated. Also 
hieratical. 

hiero, a prefix meaning sacred, as 
hierophant, a priest who, in ancient 
Greece, initiated novices into the 
sacred mysteries. 

hieroglyphic (hi-er-o-glif'ik), n. a 
sacred character or symbol: pi. the 
picture writings of the ancient 
Egyptians, &c: adj. pertaining to 
hieroglyphics; emblematic. 

hierology (-ol'o-ji), n. the science 
of hieroglyphics. 

higgle (hig'l), v.i. to carry provi- 
sions about for sale; chaffer; dis- 
pute about trifles. 

higgledy-piggledy (-di-pig'1-di), adv. 
in confusion; topsy-turvy. 

high-church ('cherch), adj. attach- 
ing great importance to the prerog- 
ative and authority of the Church, 
its sacraments and priesthood. 

high-colored ('kul-erd), adj. having 
a strong, deep, or glaring color; 
flushed; vivid; exaggerated. 

highfalutin (-fa-lu'tin), adj. bom- 
bastic: n. bombastic speech. 

high-farming ('farm-ing), adj. using 
fertilizing manures extensively. 

high-flown ('flon), adj. elevated; 
proud; extravagant; inflated. 

high-handed ('hand'ed), adj. vio- 
lent; arbitrary. 

high- jinks ('jingks), n. sportive jol- 
lification. 

highland ('land), n. a mountainous 
region: pi. the mountainous dis- 
tricts of Scotland. 

high mass (mas), n. a mass, usually 
at the high altar, at which a dea- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n, 
•book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HIGHNESS 



367 



HIRCINE 



con and a subdeacon assist the cele- 
brant. 

highness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being high; a title of honor 
applied to persons of princely rank 
(with a possessive pronoun). 

high priest (prest), n. a chief ptfiest, 
especially the principal priest of the 
Jewish hierarchy. 

highroad ('rod), n. a chief road; 
highway; an easy course or method. 

high-roller (hl-rol'er), n. one who 
lives extravagantly and luxuriously. 

highstrung ('strung), adj. strung to 
a high pitch; extremely sensitive. 

high-toned ('tond), adj. high pitched; 
high principled; fashionable. 

high water ('waw-ter), adj. pertain- 
ing to high tide. 

highway ('wa), n. a public road; a 
course or path. 

highwayman (-man), n. [pi. high- 
waymen (-men) ], one who robs on 
the public road. 

high wine (win), n. a distillage of 
wine; brandy containing a large 
percentage of alcohol. 

hike (hik), n. to tramp or march over 
a given course. 

hilarious (hi-la/ri-us), adj. merry; 
exhilarated. 

hilarity (-lar'i-ti), n. [pi. hilarities 
(-tiz) ], noisy merriment. 

hilliness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing hilly. 

hillock ('ok), n. a small hill. 

hilt (hilt), n. a handle, especially of 
a sword. 

hinder (hind'er), adj. belonging to, 
or constituting, the back or rear of 
anything. 

hinder (hin'der), v.t. to obstruct or 
impede: v.i. to impose obstructions 
or impediments. 

hindermost (hind'er-most), adj. same 
as hindmost. 

hindmost (hind'most), adj. farthest 
from the front; in the extreme rear. 

Hindoo. Same as Hindu. 

hindrance (hin'drans), n. obstruc- 
tion. 

Hindu ('doo), n. a native of Hin- 



dustan belonging to the Aryan race; 
Brahman: adj. pertaining to the 
Hindus or to Hinduism. Also Hin- 
doo. 

Hinduism (-izm), n. Brahmanism, 
more or less modified from the orig- 
inal cult. 

Hindustani (-sta'ne), n. the official 
and common language of India; 
Urdu. Also Hindustanee. 

hinge (hinj), n. the joint or hook 
on which a door, &c, turn or swing; 
the joint of a bivalve shell; tha' on 
which anything ^ depends or turns: 
v.t. to furnish with a hinge: v.i. to 
stand, turn, or depend, as on a hinge. 

hinny (hin'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. hin- 
nied, p.pr. hinnying], to neigh: n. 
the offspring of a horse and a she 
ass. 

hint (hint), v.t. to suggest; mention 
casually: n. a suggestion; distant 
allusion. 

hipp, a prefix meaning horse. Also 
hippo, as hippoph&gy, the practice 
of eating horse-flesh. 

Hippocampus (-o-kam'pus), n. [pi. 
Hippocampi (-pi)], a genus of small 
osseous fishes, having the head and 
shoulders somewhat resembling that 
of a horse. 

hippodrome ('o-drom), n. an an- 
cient Greek race-course for eques- 
trian games and chariots; a circus; 
a fraudulent contest or race, the 
result of which has been previously 
arranged. 

hippogriff ('o-grif), n. a fabulous 
winged monster, half horse, half 
griffin. 

hippology (-ol'o-ji), n. the study of 
the horse, its structure, habits, &c. 

hippophagy (hip-pof'a-ji), n. the eat- 
ing of horse flesh. 

hippopotamus (-pot'a-mus), n. [pi. 
hippopotami (-mi), -muses (-ez)], a 
large pachydermatous aquatic ani- 
mal of Africa; the river-horse. 

hircine (her 'sin), adj. resembling a 
goat; smelling like a goat: n. an 
oily product with a foetid smell 
found in the fat of goats and sheep. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



HIRE 



368 



HOBNOB 



hire (hir), v.t. to engage for tem- 
porary service at a certain price; 
bribe; let or lease: n. recompense 
or consideration paid for the use of 
anything; wages; bribe. 

hireling (hir-ling), n. one who serves 
for hire: adj. mercenary. 

hirsute (her'sfit), adj. hairy; shaggy. 

Hispanic (his-pan'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to Hispania or Spain. 

hispid ('pid), adj. bristly. 

hist (hist), inter j. silence! hark! 

histo, a prefix meaning tissue, as 
/Myography, a description of or- 
ganic tissues. 

histology (-tol'o-ji), n. the science 
of animal tissues; microscopic anat- 
omy. 

historian (-to'ri-an), n. a writer or 
student of history. 

historic (-tor'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
contained in, or celebrated in, his- 
tory; relating to the past. Also his- 
torical. 

historiette (-to-ri-ef), n. a short 
history. 

historiographer (-og'ra-fer), n. a 
writer of history, especially an offi- 
cial historian. 

history ('to-ri), n. [pi. histories 
(-riz)], a narration of facts and 
events arranged chronologically with 
their causes and effects; knowledge 
of facts. 

histrionic (-tri-on'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to actors or the stage; theatri- 
cal; also historical: n.pl. the art 
of theatrical representation. 

hist r ion ism (-izm), n. stage repre- 
sentation ; affectation . 

hitch (hicn), n. a catch; that which 
acts like a catch; impediment; a 
pulling or jerking upwards: v.i. to 
become entangled or caught; move 
by jerks; strike the feet together, 
as horses: v.t. to fasten or tie; pull 
up with a jerk. 

hither (hi^'er), adv. to this place: 
adj. on the side nearest to the 
speaker. 

hive (hiv), n. an artificial receptacle 
or house for bees; a swarm of bees 



inhabiting a hive; a busy assem- 
blage or society: v.t. to gather or 
put into a hive; harbor: v.i. to live 
or take shelter together. 

hives (hivz), n.pl. nettle-rash; croup. 

hoar (hor), adj. white; grey with 
age; ancient. 

hoard (hord), n. a store or treasure 
laid up secretly; an accumulation 
of things: v.t. to collect and lay up: 
v.i. to lay up store. 

hoar-frost (hor'frost) n. white par- 
ticles of frozen dew or moisture. 

hoarhound ('hound),* n. a white 
woolly aromatic herb. 

hoarse (hors), adj. rough and harsh 
in sound, as the voice when affected 
by a cold. 

hoax (hoks), n. a sportive deceptive 
trick; practical joke: v.t. to take in, 
or delude, by a hoax. 

hob (hob), n. the flat part of a grate 

' on which things are placed to be 
kept warm; a sprite or fairy. 

hobble ('1), v.i. to walk with a limp 
or awkward step: v.t. embarrass or 
perplex; shackle: n. limping or awk- 
ward step. 

hobble-de-hoy (-de-hoi'), n. a lad 
between boyhood and manhood; an 
inexperienced, awkward youth. 

hobble-skirt (hob'l-skert), n. a skirt 
closely draped to the figure of the 
wearer; tightened by bands be- 
tween the ankles and knees, render- 
ing locomotion difficult. 

hobby (hob'i), n. [pi. hobbies ('iz)], 
a favorite pursuit or object; an 
ambling nag; a hobby-horse; a kind 
of falcon. 

hobby-horse (-hors), n. a stick with 
a horse's head, across which children 
sit; a wooden or rocking-horse; a 
character in old morris dances. 

hobgoblin (-gob'lin), n. a goblin, 
sprite, or elf, especially one of fright- 
ful appearance: hence an alarming 
apparition. 

hobnail ('nal), n. a short thick nail 
with a large head : used for protect- 
ing the soles of heavy boots. 

hobnob ('nob), v.i. to drink famil- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, north, not; boon, 
book; hue,. hut; think, then. 



I 



HOBO 



369 



HOLY SPIRIT 



iarly with; associate intimately to- 
gether. 

hobo (ho'bS), n. an idle itinerant 
workman; a tramp. 

hock (hok), n. the joint between the 
knee and the fetlock; the back part 
of the human knee-joint; any white 
Rhine wine; pawn. 

hockey ('i), n. an outdoor game 
played with a ball and clubs curved 
at one end. 

hocus (ho'kus), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ho- 
cused, p.pr. hocusing], to cheat or 
trick; to stupefy or render insensi- 
ble by means of drugged liquor in 
order to cheat or rob: n. a trick or 
juggle; drugged liquor. 

hocus-pocus (po'kus), n. a juggler's 
trick; a juggler. 

hodge-podge ('poj), n. a medley of 
ingredients, as in a hodge-podge pud- 
ding. 

hodman (hod'man) , n. a bricklayer's 
laborer; a hod-carrier. 

hogshead (z'hed), n. a measure of 
capacity = 523^ imperial gals, or 63 
wine gals.; a large barrel or cask. 

hoiden (hoi'dn), n. a rude, rustic 
girl; romp: adj. inelegant; rustic; 
ill-mannered: v.i. to romp roughly 
or indelicately. Also hoyden. 

hoist (hoist), v.t. to lift or raise with 
tackle; heave: n. an apparatus for 
lifting goods from a lower to a 
higher floor, &c; a lift. 

hoity-toity (hoi'ti-toi'ti), inter j. an 
exclamation of surprise, rebuke, &c. 

hoki ('ki), n. a New Zealand fish. 

hoky-poky (ho'ki-po'ki) , n. a com- 
mon kind of ice-cream sold in slabs. 

holdfast ('fast), w. a hook or sup- 
port: adj. tenacious. 

holding ('ing), n. anything held; 
tenure or right of possession; a 
farm held of a superior. 

holiday (hol'i-da), n. a day of gaiety 
and joy in celebration of some event, 
&c; a day of freedom from labor: 
adj. pertaining to a festival; joyous; 

_ gay. 

holily (ho'li-li), adv. piously. 
holiness (li-nes), n. the state or 



quality of being holy; freedom from 
sin; moral and spiritual purity; 
sacredness; a title of the Pope. 

Holland (hol'and), n. fine unbleached 
linen, glazed or unglazed: pi. a kind 
of gin. 

holloa (hol'o), v.i. to shout to one at 
a distance: n. a shout. 

hollow- ware (-war), n. cast-iron 
kitchen utensils, earthenware, &c. 

holly ('ti)) n. a shrub or tree of the 
genus Ilex, with _ glossy, prickly 
leaves and red berries. 

hollyhock (hol'i-hok), n. a tall bien- 
nial plant of the mallow family with 
large flowers. 

holm (horn), n. an evergreen oak; 
low flat land by the side of a river; 
a small river island. 

holo, a prefix meaning whole, entire, 
as ftoZocryptic, undecipherable. 

holoblastic (hol-o-blas'tik) , adj. 
wholly germinal. 

holocaust ('o-kawst), n. a sacrifice 
wholly consumed by fire. 

holocryptic. See under holo. 

holograph ('o-graf), n. a document 
entirely in the handwriting of the 
author. 

holster (hol'ster), n. a leather pistol- 
case usually carried at the saddle- 
bow. 

holt (holt), n. a wooded hill; a bur- 
row or hiding place. 

holy (ho'li), adj. [comp. holier, su- 
perl. holiest], pure; morally and 
spiritually perfect; sinless; preemi-* 
nently good; pious; sacred; conse- 
crated. 

Holy Ghost. Same as Holy Spirit. 

Holy Land (land), n. Palestine. 

Holy of Holies (ho'li of ho'liz), n. the 
inmost > room of the tabernacle, 
containing the Ark of the Covenant. 
Only the High Priest was permitted 
to enter it, and only on the Day of 
Atonement. 

Holy Rood (rood), n. a cross or 
crucifix, especially one over the en- 
trance to the chancel. 

Holy Spirit (spir'it), n. God; the 
third person of the Trinity. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HOLYSTONE 



370 



HOMOSEXUAL 



holystone (-ston), n. a large flat 
piece of stone used for scouring the 
snip's decks: v.t. to scrub {a deck) 
with a holystone. 

homage (hom'aj), n. respect paid by 
external action; deference; rever- 
ence; the ceremony ^ by which a 
tenant or vassal promised fealty and 
service to his feudal lord. 

homalo, a prefix, meaning even, 
plane, as homaloid&l, flat; plane. 

homeopathic (ho-me-6-path'ik), adj. 
of or pertaining to homeopathy; 
extremely small in quantity. 

homeopathy (op'a-thi), n. the medi- 
cal system introduced by Hahne- 
mann (1755-1843), which seeks to 
cure diseases by the administration 
of medicines in minute quantities to 
produce in the patient symptoms 
similar to those the same medicine 
would produce in a healthy person. 

Homeridae (h5-mer'i-de), n.pl. the 
poetical descendants of Homer; the 
rhapsodists who recited the Homeric 
poems. 

home rule (hom rool), n. local self- 
government, especially that form of 
government for Ireland advocated 
by Mr. Gladstone and the Irish 
Party. 

homespun (hom 'spun), n. a coarse 
woolen cloth, formerly spun at 
home. 

homestead ('sted), n. a dwelling- 
-house with the adjacent land; orig- 
inal abode. 

homicidal (hom'i-sl-dal), adj. per- 
taining to, or having a tendency to, 
homicide. 

homicide ('i-sld), n. the killing of a 
human being; one who kills another. 

homiletic (-i-let'ik), adj. pertaining 
to homiletics. Also homiletical. 

homiletics ('iks), n.pl. that branch 
of theology which treats of ser- 
mons and their composition. 

homilist ('i-list), n. a preacher. 

homily ('i-li), n. [pi. homilies (-liz) ], 
a plain religious discourse or sermon. 

homing (hom'ing), adj. returning 
home: said of carrier pigeons. 



hominy (hom'i-ni), n. Indian-corn 
soaked so as to remove the hull, and 
then coarsely ground. 

homo, a prefix meaning like, same, 
similar, as Ziomocercal, lobed alike, 
as the tail of a mackerel. 

homocentric. Same as concentric. 

homodoxia (ho-m5-dok'si-a), adj. 
holding the same opinions. 

homoeopathy. Same as homeopathy. 

homogamy (h5-mog'a-mi), n. the 
assortive mating of animals or hu- 
man beings in the widest sense. 

homogeneity (ho-mo-je-ne'i-ti), n. 
similarity. 

homogeneous (-je'ne-us), adj. uni- 
form; composed of similar parts or 
elements. 

homogenesis (-jen'e-sis), n. a mode 
of reproduction in which the off- 
spring of a higher organism passes 
through the same cycle of existence 
as the parent. 

homogenous (-mo j 'e-nus) , adj . of the 
same origin. Also homogenetic. 

homograph ('mo-graf), n. a word 
spelled the same way as another 
word, but having a different mean- 
ing, and derived from a different 
root, as grave, a tomb; grave, 
serious. 

homologous (-mol'o-gus), adj. iden- 
tical. 

homologue ('mo-log), n. the same 
organ or part in different animals, 
but varying in form and functions, 
as a hand, fin, &c. 

homology ('o-ji), n. affinity of struc- 
ture. 

homomorph ('mo-m6rf), n. a sim- 
ilar character or mark. 

homonym ('mo-nim), n. a word alike 
in sound, but differing in meaning, 
as pair, pare, pear. 

homophone (ho'mo-fon), n. a letter 
representing the same sound as an- 
other. 

homophonous (-mof'o-nus), adj. 
alike in sound, but differing in mean- 
ing. 

homosexual (ho'mo-sex'u-al), n. per- 
taining to the same sex. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl,' me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HOMOTYPE 



371 



HOPPER 



homotype ('mo-tfp), n. that part of 
an animal which corresponds to 
another part. 

hone (hon), n. a kind of fine whet- 
stone: v.t. to sharpen on a hone. 

honest (on'est), adj. upright; just; 
sincere; honorable; equitable; fair; 
righteous; chaste; frank or open. 

honesty (-i), n. the quality of being 
honest. 

honeydew (-du), a saccharine secre- 
tion from the leaves of certain 
plants ; a sweet substance secreted 
by aphids; a variety of tobacco. 

honey-locust (-lo-kust), n. a large 
American tree of the bean family. 

honeymoon (-moon), n. the first 
month after marriage. 

honeysuckle (-suk'l), n. a climbing 
plant with fragrant flowers. 

honk (honk), inter j. the cry of wild 
geese in flight. 

honorarium (on-o-ra'ri-um), n. a 
fee paid to a professional man. 

honorary ('er-a-ri), adj. done, or 
conferred, as an honor. 

honor ('er), n. respectful regard; 
esteem; worship; reputation; ex- 
alted rank; fame; magnanimity; 
scorn of meanness; self-respect; 
chastity; an outward mark of high 
esteem; glory; a title used in ad- 
dressing certain officials; one of the 
four highest trump cards in whist: 
pi. in a university examination, the 
highest class: v.t. to treat with re- 
spect, deference, or civility; revere 
or worship; bestow marks of honor 
upon (with with); dignity; ac- 
knowledge; accept and pay when 
due. 

hood (hood), n. a soft wrapper or 
covering for the head; a monk's, 
woman's, or falcon's hood; a fold- 
ing-cover for a carriage; an orna- 
mental fold hanging down the back 
denoting a university degree; some- 
thing resembling a hood; a cowl: 
v.t. to cover or furnish with, or as 
with, a hood: suffix = state, con- 
dition, or quality, as manhood, 
hardihood. 



hoodlum (hood'lum), n. originally a 
Calif ornian rough or bully; a rowdy. 

hoodoo (hoo'doo), n. a person or 
thing that causes ill-luck: v.t. to 
bring ill-luck upon. 

hoodwink (hood'wingk), v.t. to de- 
ceive; blindfold. 

hookah (hoo'kah), n. a pipe with a 
long flexible tube which draws the 
smoke through a vase containing 
water. Also hooka. 

hooked (hookt), p. adj. curved like a 
hook. 

hooker (hook'er), n. one who, or 
that which, hooks; a fishing-smack; 
a small Dutch vessel; any clumsy, 
ill-fitted, old craft. 

hook-worm (hook-werm), n. a 
parasite which enters the human 
body by the feet, and, by sucking 
the blood, produces inanition. 

hooligan (hoo'li-gan), n. a rowdy; a 
tough. 

hoop (hoop, or hoop), n. a metal or 
wooden band to hold together the 
staves of a cask, &c; the band of 
a finger-ring; a kind of crinoline. 

hooping-cough. Same as whooping- 
cough. 

hoopoe (hoo'po), n. a bird with an 
erect crest and handsome plumage. 

hoot (hoot), n. a contemptuous 
shout: v.t. to jeer or drive with 
contemptuous snouts: v.i. to utter 
a hoot. 

hoove (hoov), n. a disease in cattle, 
in which the abdomen is distended. 

hope (hop), n. the desire of good 
accompanied by expectation: antic- 
ipation; confidence; the cfoject of 
hope: v.t. to expect with confidence 
or desire: v.i. to cherish a desire 
for good; trust confidently. 

hopper (hop'er), n. one who, or that 
which, hops; a name for various 
leaping insects; a wooden trough or 
funnel through which grain passes 
into a mill; mechanism in a piano 
for lifting the hammer; a seed-bas- 
ket used in sowing grain; a hop- 
picker; the basin of a water-closet. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite/mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HOPPET 



372 



HORTICULTURAL 



hoppet ('et), n. a hand-basket; a 
dish for measuring ore. 

hopple ('1), v.t. to hobble. 

hoppy ('i), adj. full of, or tasting 
like, hops. 

hopscotch ('skoch), n. a children's 
game, in which a flat stone is driven 
from one numbered compartment 
to another by the player while he 
hops. 

horal (ho'ral), adj. pertaining to, or 
lasting, an hour; hourly. Also 
horary. 

horde (hord), n. a nomadic tribe or 
clan dwelling in tents or wagons; a 
vast multitude: v.i. to live, or act 
together, in hordes. 

horehound. Same as hoarhound. 

horizon (ho-ri'zun), n. the circular 
line where the sky and earth, or 
sea, appear to meet : m hence, the 
limit of one's mental vision. 

horizontal (hor-i-zon'tal), adj. paral- 
lel to, or situated near, the horizon; 
level: opposed to vertical. 

hormone (hor'mon), n. the active 
principle of one of the internal 
secretions in the body, recently dis- 
covered to have great importance 
in controlling bodily functions. 

hornbill ('bil), n. a bird with a 
large horn-crested bill, allied to the 
kingfishers. 

hornblende ('blend), n. a dark- 
green or black-colored mineral with 
a horn-like cleavage. 

hornet (hor'net), n. a social wasp 
which inflicts a severe sting: hence 
a waspish, disagreeable person. 

horning (horn'ing), n. the appear- 
ance of the moon at her first and 
last quarter. 

hornpipe (h6rn'pip), n. a lively 
dance, especially by sailors; an ob- 
solete wind instrument. 

horny ('i), adj. like|horn. 

horologe (hor'o-loj), n. a mechan- 
ism, as a clock, &c, for marking the 
hours. 

horology (ho-rol'o-ji), n. the art of 
measuring time, or of constructing 
timepieces. 



horometer (ho-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring time. 

horoscope (hor'o-skop), n. a repre- 
sentation of the heavens at any 
time, especially at one's birth. 

horoscopy (ho-ros'ko-pi), n. the art 
of casting horoscopes and determin- 
ing the destiny of persons from 
them; a horoscope. 

horrent (hor'ent), adj. erect; bris- 
tling. 

horrible ('i-bl), adj. terriHe; dread- 
ful. 

horrid ('id), adj. dreadful; terrible; 
hideous; most obnoxious; gloomy. 

horrific (-if 'ik) , adj. causing horror. 

horrify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. horri- 
fied!, to fill or strike with horror. 

horripilation (-ip-i-la/shun), n. a 
shuddering sensation as of the hair 
standing on end, or goose-flesh. 

horror ('er) , n. excessive fear accompan- 
ied with shuddering; extreme dread; 
great disgust: pi. extreme depression; 
delirium tremens (with the). 

hors de combat (or de c6ng-ba'), 
prep. phr. out of the fight; dis- 
abled [French]. 

hors-d'oeuvre (-doovr'), n. a side 
dish [Wench]. 

horse-chestnut (hors'ches-nut), n. 
a chestnut tree bearing a nut resemb- 
ling the ordinary^ chestnut; grows to 
a considerable height; nut not edible. 

horse-laugh ('laf), n. a coarse noisy 
laugh. 

horse-power ('pou-er), n. the theo- 
retical unit of work of a steam- 
engine = 33,000 lbs. raised 1 ft. in 1 
minute. 

horseradish ('rad-ish), n. a plant 
with a long root having an acrid 
pungent taste. 

horseshoe ('shoo), n. a U-shaped metal 
shoe to protect the hoof of a horse; 
anything U-shaped; the king crab. 

hortative (hor'ta-tiv), adj. inciting; 
giving exhortation. Also hortatory. 

hortensial (-ten'shal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or fitted for, a garden. 

horticultural (-ti-kul'tu-ral), adj. 
pertaining to horticulture. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



1 



HORTICULTURE 



373 



HOURI 



horticulture (-ti-kul'tur), n. the 

art of cultivating gardens. 
horticulturist (-ist) , n. one who is 

skilled in horticulture. 

hosanna (ho-zan'a), n. an excla- 
mation of praise and glory to God. 

hose (hoz), n. [pi. hose], coverings 
for the legs; stockings; flexible tub- 
ing for conveying water, &c. 

hosier ('zher), n. one who deals in 
hosiery. 

hosiery (-i), n. stockings, undercloth- 
ing, &c; a manufactory for such 
goods. 

hospice (hos'pis), n. an Alpine con- 
vent for the reception and enter- 
tainment of travelers. 

hospitable ('pit-a-bl), adj. receiv- 
ing and entertaining friends or 
strangers. 

hospital ('pi-tal), n. an institution 
for the medical treatment and care 
of the sick. 

hospitality ('i-ti), n. [pi. hospital- 
ities (-tiz) ], the practice of enter- 
taining friends and strangers with 
kindness and liberality. 

host (host), n. a crowd; multitude; 
army; one who entertains another 
in public or private; a landlord of 
a hotel or inn; an organism on 
which another is parasitic; the con- 
secrated bread or wafer of the 
Eucharist, in the Greek, Roman 
Catholic, and Lutheran Churches. 

hostage (hos'taj), n. a person who 
remains in the hands of another as 
a pledge for the fulfillment of cer- 
tain conditions; a pledge. 

hostel ('tel), n. a hostelry; at Ox- 
ford and Cambridge, a small unen- 
dowed college. 

hostelry (-ri), n. an inn or lodging- 
house. 

hostess (host'es), n. a female host. 

hostile (hos'til), adj. showing ani- 
mosity; inimical; adverse; repug- 
nant: n. a hostile Indian. 

hostility (-til'i-ti), n. [pi. hostilities 
(-tiz) ], the state of being hostile; 
antagonism; enmity; animosity: pi. 
acts of warfare. 



hostler ('ler), n. one who takes 
charge of horses at an inn. Also 
ostler. 

hotbed ('bed), n. a bed of earth cov- 
ered with glass and made warm by 
the fermentation of manure, for 
rearing plants. 

hotchpotch (hoch'poch), n. a mix- 
ture of various ingredients; a thick 
broth of meat and vegetables 
[Scotch]; a commixture of property 
for division. 

hotel (ho-tel'), n. a superior inn or 
lodging-house. 

hothead (hot'hed), n. one easily 
aroused to anger; one choleric and 
high-tempered. 

hothouse (hot'hous), n. a glazed] 
building artificially heated for rear- 
ing tender plants; a drying-room. 

hot-mouthed ('mouth't), adj. head- 
strong. 

hotpress ('pres), v.t. to gloss paper 
or linen by passing it between heated 
rollers. 

hotspur (hot'sper), n. a man of 
hasty and precipitate valor: adj. 
hot-headed. 

Hottentot ('en-tot), n. one of an 
aboriginal South African race in 
Cape Colony; the language spoken 
by the Hottentots, characterized by 
a peculiar click. 

houdah. Same as howdah. 

hough. Same as hock. 

hound (hound), n. sl particular breed 
of hunting dog; a despicable, mean 
fellow: v.t. to chase with, or as 
with, hounds; incite; set upon. 

hour (our), n. the l-24th part of a 
day; 60 minutes; particular time: 
pi. life; in the Roman Catholic 
Church, prayers repeated at stated 
times during the day ; the book con- 
taining such devotional exercises. 

Hour (our), n. one of the Horse, god- 
desses of the hours and seasons. 

hour-glass (our'glas), n. a device 
for measuring time by running sand 
through a narrow neck of a glass 
vessel. 

houri (hou' or hoo'ri), n. [pi. houris 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HOUSE-BOAT 



374 



HUMANITARIAN 



('riz) ], one of the dark-eyed nymphs 
of the Mohammedan paradise. 

house-boat ('bot), n. a covered boat 
fitted up as a river residence. 

household ('hold), n. a family liv- 
ing together: adj. domestic; pertain- 
ing to a family or home. 

housing (houz'ing), n. a saddle 
cloth: pi. ornamental trappings of 
a horse. 

hovel (hovl), n. a mean habitation; 
hut or cabin: v.t. to shelter in a 
hovel. 

hover (huv'er), v.i. to flutter over 
or about; stand in suspense or ex- 
pectation; move about in a neigh- 
borhood. 

howdah (hou'da), n. a protected 
seat for riding on an elephant or 
camel. Also houdah. 

howel ('el), n. a •cooper's smoothing 
plane. 

howitzer ('itz-er), n. a short can- 
non, formerly used for throwing 
shells. 

howl (houl), n. the prolonged cry of 
a dog or wolf; the cry of one in pain 
or distress: v.i. to cry like a dog or 
wolf; utter a prolonged cry of pain 
or distress; roar, like the wind; cry 
down by clamor: v.t. to utter in a 
loud wailing tone. 

hoyden. Same as hoiden. 

huckaback ('a-bak), n. a rough 
kind of linen or cotton cloth: used 
for toweling. 

huckle ('1), n. the hip; a haunch. 

hucklebacked ('bakt), adj. round- 
shouldered. 

huckleberry (-ber-i), n. [pi. huckle- 
berries (-iz) ], the edible berry of 
any species of Gaylussacia; the whor- 
tleberry. 

huckster ('ster), n. one who retails 
small articles; a mean tricky fellow. 

huckstress ('stres), n. a female 
huckster. 

huddle (hud'l), v.t. to crowd to- 
gether in a disorderly manner; col- 
lect closely; place or perform in 
haste or disorder: v.i. to Come in a 



crowd or haste (with on, up, over): 
n. confusion; crowd. 

hue (hu), n. color tint; a shouting; 
clamor. 

hue and cry (krl), n. in law, the 
common process of pursuing a felon. 

huff (huf), v.t. to puff or blow up; 
treat with insolence; bully; remove 
(a piece at checkers) when one's 
opponent fails to take with it: n. fit 
of petulance; sudden offense taken. 

huge (huj), adj. vast; very large. 

hugger-mugger (hug'er-mug'er), 

adj. secret; sloven: confused. 

Huguenot (hii'ge-not or no), n. a 
name formerly applied to French 
Protestants of the 16th and 17th 
centuries. 

hulk (hulk), n. the body of a ship, 
especially if old or dismantled: pi. 
old dismasted ships formerly used 
as convict prisons (with the). 

hulking ('ing), n. unwieldy; bulky. 

hull (hul), n. outer covering, especial- 
ly of grain or nuts ; the body or frame 
of a vessel: v.t. to peel off the hull or 
husk of; strike or pierce (the hull 
of a vessel) with a shot or shell: v.i. 
to drift to and fro upon- the sea, like 
a ship without sails. 

hullabaloo (-a-ba-lo5'), n. uproar; 
noisy contention. 

human (hti'man), adj. pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, man or man- 
kind; having the qualities of a man; 
not divine. 

humane (-man'), adj. having the 
feelings proper to man; benevolent; 
kind; compassionate; elevating. 

humanize ('man-iz), v.t. to render 
human; soften. 

humanism (-izm), n. culture derived 
from classical training; human na- 
ture. 

humanist (-ist), n. a student of the 
humanities; one versed in the knowl- 
edge of human nature. 

humanitarian (-i-ta'ri-an), n. a phi- 
lanthropist; an anti-Trinitarian; one 
who believes that the duty of man 
consists of acting rightly to others; 
a perfectionist: adj. philanthropic. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon* 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HUMANITY 



375 



HUNGER-STRIKE 



humanity ('i-ti), n. [pi. humanities 
(-tiz) ], mankind; the state or qual- 
ity of being human or humane; phi- 
lanthropy; kindness; benevolence: 
pi. classical learning and literature. 

humble (hum'bl), adj. having a low 
estimate of one's self; modest; 
meek; submissive; lowly; mean; 
obscure: v.t. to make submissive; 
subdue; bring low; mortify; hu- 
miliate. 

humble-bee (-be), n. a bumble-bee. 

humble-pie (-pi), n. a pie made of 
the humbles, or entrails, of a deer. 

humbles ('biz), n.pl. entrails, es- 
pecially of a deer. 

humbug ('bug), n. a fraud or impo- 
sition under fair pretenses ; sham ; a 
plausible deceiver; a spirit of trick- 
ery or deception: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
humbugged, p.pr. humbugging], to 
cheat or impose upon; hoax. 

humdrum ('drum), adj. dull; mo- 
notonous; commonplace. 

humeral (hu'mer-al), adj. pertaining 
to the shoulder. 

humero, a prejix meaning shoulder. 

humerus ('mer-us), n. [pi. humeri 
(-ri) ], the arm from the shoulder to 
the fore-arm; the cylindrical bone of 
that part. 

humhum (hum'hum), n. a coarse In- 
dian cotton cloth. 

humid (hu'mid), adj. damp; moist. 

humidity ('i-ti), n. dampness; mois- 
ture. 

humidor (hu'mid-or), n. a chest or 
jar to keep cigars or tobacco in a 
moist condition; generally supplied 
with a sponge or cloth to be damp- 
ened for that purpose. 

humiliate (-mn"i-at), v.t. to humble; 
abase. 

humiliation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
humiliating; the state of being hu- 
miliated; mortification; abasement. 

humility (-mil 'i-ti), n. [pi. humili- 
ties (-tiz)], the state or quality of 
being humble; modesty; self-abase- 
ment. 

humming-bird ('ing-berd), n. a 
very small bird of the family Tro- 



chilidse, with brilliant metallic plu- 
mage. 

hummock ('ok), n. a large mass of 
floating ice; a hillock or mound. 

humor (hti' or u'mer), n. wit; merri- 
ment ; the tendency to look at things 
from the mirthful or incongruous 
side; caprice; proud conceit; temper; 
petulance; peevishness; moisture of 
the body and eye; disease: v.t. to 
indulge; yield to a particular desire 
of. 

humorist (-ist), n. one who gratifies 
his own humor; a droll person; one 
whose writing or conversation is 
characterized by humor. 

humorous (-us), adj. full of, or char- 
acterized by, humor; comical; di- 
verting. 

humorsome (-sum), adj. character- 
ized by humor; laughable; capri- 
cious. 

hump (hump), n. a protuberance on 
the back: v.t. to vex or annoy; ex- 
ert (one's self). 

humpty-dumpty ('ti-dump'ti), adj. 
characterized by short limbs and a 
round body. 

humus ('mus), n. vegetable mold. 

Hun (hun), n. one of an ancient 
Tartar race, which in the 5th cen- 
tury, A. D., overran and devastated 
Europe. 

hunch (hunch), n. a hump; lump; a 
thrust with the fist or elbow: v.t. to 
push with the fist or elbow; push 
with a sudden jerk. 

hunch-back (hunch'bak), n. one 
with a hump on his back between his 
shoulders, generally dwarfed in size. 

hundredweight ('dred-wat), n. the 
l-20th part of a ton. 

Hungarian (hung-ga'ri-an), adj. per- 
taining to Hungary, its inhabitants, 
or language. 

hunger (hung'ger), n. keenness of 
appetite; pain or uneasiness caused 
by want of food; strong desire: v.i. 
to feel the pain of hunger; to have 
a longing or earnest desire. 

hunger-strike (hung'ger-strik), n. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HUNGRILY 



376 



HUSTLE 



the refusal of imprisoned militant 
suffragettes to take food. 

hungrily ('gri-li), adj. in a hungry 
manner. 

hungry ('gri), adj. [comp. hungrier, 
superl. hungriest], having a keen 
appetite; feeling pain or uneasiness 
for want of food 5 emaciated; eager- 
ly desirous; unfertile: said of land. 

hunk (hungk), n. a lump or large 
piece. 

hunky ('i), adj. well done; in good 
trim. 

hunt (hunt), v.t. to pursue, or chase, 
as game or wild animals; follow 
closely; search after: v.i. to follow 
the chase: n. pursuit of game or 
wild animals; pack of hounds; an 
association of huntsmen; district 
hunted over by hounds; a search. 

hunting-box (-boks), n. a tempo- 
rary residence while hunting. 

hunting-watch (woch), n. a watch 
having its face protected with a 
metal cover. 

huntress ('res), n. a female hunter. 

huntsman ('z-man), n. {pi. hunts- 
men ('men)], a hunter; one who 
has the management of a pack of 
hounds. 

hurdle (her'dl), n. a movable fence 
of osiers or branches; a fence to be 
leaped over in steeplechasing; a 
rude frame on which criminals were 
formerly dragged to execution: v.t. 
to cover or inclose with hurdles. 

hurdy-gurdy ('di-ger'di), n. a string- 
ed instrument somewhat resembling 
a violin, played by a wheel ; a barrel 
organ; a miner's camp. 

hurl (herl), v.t. to throw with vio- 
lence; drive forcibly; utter with ve- 
hemence: n. the act of throwing. 

hurly-burly (her'li-ber'li), n. tu- 
mult; great commotion. 

hurrah _(hoo-ra'), inter j. a shout of 
joy, triumph, ^applause, &c: v.i. to 
utter such a shout in applause, &c. 
Also hurra. 

hurricane (hur'i-kan), n. a gale of 
extreme violence characterized by 
fitful changes of the wind. 



hurricane-deck (-dek), n. the bridge- 
deck of a steamship; the upper 
deck of a river steamer. 

hurried ('id), p. adj. exhibiting, or 
characterized by, haste; hasty. 

hurry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hurried, 
p.pr. hurrying], to impel to greater 
speed; hasten on; accelerate: v.i. to 
act or move with haste: n. haste; 
urgency; precipitation; confusion; a 
coaling stage for loading vessels. 

hurry-scurry (-skur'i), n. confused 
bustle. 

hurtle (hert'l), v.t. to move violently; 
impel forcibly: v.i. to clash; dash 
in collision. 

hurtleberry. Same as whortleberry. 

husband (huz'band), n. a married 
man: v.t. to manage or use with 
economy. 

husbandman (-man), n. [pi. hus- 
bandmen (-men)], a tiller of the 
soil; farmer. 

husbandry (-ri), n. agriculture; fru- 
gality. 

hush (hush), interj. be still! silence! 
adj. quiet; silent: n. quietness; si- 
lence: v.t. to make silent; soothe. 

husk (husk), n. the dry outer cover- 
ing of certain fruits or seeds: v.t. 
to remove husks from. 

huskily ('ki-li), adj. hoarsely. 

husking-bee ('ing-be), n. a social 
gathering to assist in husking corn. 

husky ('ki), adj. [comp. huskier, 
superl. huskiest], consisting of, or 
like, husks; worthless; rough or 
hoarse: said of the voice: n. an 
American Indian sledge-dog. 

hussar (huz-ar'), n. a light-armed 
cavalry soldier. 

hussy (huz'i), n. [pi. hussies ('iz)], a 
fast girl; worthless woman. 

hustings (hust'ings), n.pl. a court 
held in the Guildhall before the Lord 
Mayor, Recorder and sheriffs of 
London; formerly the stand from 
which Parliamentary candidates, 
when nominated, addressed the elec- 
tors. 

hustle (hus'l), v.t. to push roughly; 
jostle; mob; shake together in con- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HUTCH 



377 



HYDRODYNAMIC 



fusion: v.i. exhibit energy and alac- 
rity. 

hutch (huch), n. a bin, box, or chest; 
a coop or pen; a mining trough for 
washing ore: v.t. to store; to wash 
(ore) in a hutch. 

huzzah. Same as hurrah. 

hyacinth (hia-sinth), n. a handsome 
bulbous flowering plant of the genus 
Hyacinthus; a variety of zircon, 
used as a jewel. 

hyacinthine ('in), adj. pertaining to 
the hyacinth; like Hyacinthus, the 
handsome youth beloved by Apollo 
and transformed into the hyacinth: 
hence handsome; beautiful. 

Hyades ('a-dez), n.pl. the five stars 
in the face of the constellation Tau- 
rus, supposed by the ancients to 
bring rain when they rose with the 
sun. Also Hyads. 

hyaena (hi-e'na), n. same as hyena. 

hyal, a prefix meaning glass, as hyal- 
ine, like glass: also hyalo: hyalo- 
graphy, the art of writing or en- 
graving upon glass. 

hyaline (hl'a-lin), adj. glassy; trans- 
parent. 

hybrid (hi'brid), n. a mongrel; an 
animal or plant produced by inter- 
breeding different species or varie- 
ties; a compound word the elements 
of which are derived from different 
languages. 

hybridize (-iz), v.t. to cause to in- 
terbreed and thus produce hybrids. 

hydatoid ('da-toid), adj. watery: n. 
the membrane around the aqueous 
humor of the eye; the aqueous hu- 
mor itself. 

hydr, a prefix meaning water, also 
the presence of hydrogen. Also 
hydro, as hydr&cid, an acid contain- 
ing hydrogen but no oxygen; hydro- 
pathy, the cure of disease by water 
treatment, externally or internally. 

Hydra (hi'dra), n. in classical my- 
thology, the water serpent with nine 
heads slain by Hercules; each of 
these on being cut off became two: 
hence any evil which, when grappled 
with, appears to intensify; a genus 



of fresh-water polyps which multi- 
ply on division. 

hydracid. See under hydr. 

Hydrangea (-dran'je-a), n. sl genus 
of shrubs of the saxifrage family 
with showy flowers. 

hydrant ('drant), n. a plug with a 
valve connected with a water main 
for extinguishing fires. 

hydrate ('drat), n. a chemical com- 
pound containing a definite quantity 
of water: v.t. to combine with water 
to form a hydrate. 

hydraulic (-draw'lik), adj. pertain- 
ing to fluids in motion: n.pl. the 
science of liquids in motion and the 
application of the forces which in- 
fluence the motions of water for 
practical purposes, as raising water, 
&c. 

hydric ('drik), adj. pertaining to, or 
containing, hydrogen in combina- 
tion; pertaining to water. 

hydride ('drid), n a chemical com- 
bination of hydrogen with another 
element. 

hydr iodic (-dri-od'ik), adj. composed 
of hydrogen and iodine. 

hydro. See hydr. 

hydroaeroplane (hi'dro-a-er'o-plan) , 
n. an aeroplane with a boat-like 
body or with floats enabling it to 
alight on the water. 

hydrocarbons (-kar'bonz), n.pl. a 
general name for bitumens, mineral 
resins, and fats which are composed 
of hydrogen and carbon. 

hydrocele ('dro-sel), n. dropsy of the 
scrotum. 

hydrocephalus (-sef'a-lus), n. dropsy 
of the brain. 

hydrochloric ('rik), adj. composed 
of hydrogen and chlorine. 

hydrocyanic (-si-an'ik), adj. com- 
posed of hydrogen and cyanogen. 

hydrocyanic acid (as 'id), n. prussic 
acid. 

hydrodynamic (-di-nam'ik), adj. per" 
taining to, or derived from, the 
pressure of water: n.pl. the science 
that treats of water pressure. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HYDROFLUORIC 378 HYP 

hydrofluoric (-fiu-or'ik), adj. com- hydrothermal (-ther'mal), adj. per- 

posed of hydrogen and fluorine. taining to the action of hot water. 

hydrofluoric acid (as'id), n. a vola- hyena (hi-e'na), n. a bristly-maned, 

tile fuming acid used in etching wolf-like carnivorous quadruped. 

glass. hyetal ('et-al), adj. pertaining to 

hydrogen ('dro-jen), n. a colorless, rain, or rainfall. 

gaseous, inflammable substance, hyetograph (-o-gr&f), n. a chart 

which liquefies under great pressure, showing the rainfall over various 

and is the lightest element yet areas. 

known: when combined with oxygen hyetology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 

it produces water. Hydrogen is the of meteorology treating of rainfall, 

standard unit for the estimation of its distribution, representation on 

atomic weights and volumes. charts, &c. 

hydrography (-drog'ra-fi), n. the art Hygeian (-je'an), adj. pertaining to 

of measuring and mapping the water Hygeia, the goddess of health. 

surface of the earth, as oceans, lakes, hygiene ('jen), n. the science of 

coast-lines, &c.,'with relative data as health, its preservation, and the laws 

to their depth, tides, beds, &c. of sanitation. 

hydrokinetics (-dro-ki-net'iks), n.pl. hygienic (-ji-en'ik), adj. pertaining 

that branch of physics which treats to hygiene. 

of fluids in motion. # hygiology (-ji-ol'o-ji), n. the science 

hydrology (-drol'o-ji), n. the science of hygiene; a treatise on hygiene. 

of water, its property, laws, phe- hygro, a prefix meaning moist, wet, 

nomena, &c. as hygrometer, an instrument for 

hydrometer (-drom'e-ter), n. an in- measuring the amount of moisture 

strument for determining the specific contained in the atmosphere. 

gravity, strength, &c, of fluids. hygrometer (hi-grom'e-ter). See un- 

hydropathy. See under hydr. der hygro. 

hydrophane ('dro-fan), n. an opaque hygrometry (-grom'e-tri), n. that 

variety of opal which when wet be- branch of physics that treats of the 

comes translucent. moisture of the atmosphere. 

hydrophobia (-fo'bi-a), n. a disease hygroscope ('gro-skop), n. an appa- 

caused by the virus from the saliva ratus for indicating atmospheric 

of a mad dog accompanied by con- moisture. 

vulsions and unnatural dread of hymen ('men), n. marriage, from Hy- 

water. men, the Grecian god of marriage; 

hydroplane ('dro-plan), n. an at- , the virginal membrane. 

tachment to a boat, lessening fric- hymeneal (-eal), p.adj. pertaining 

tion, causing it to glide when , to marriage; nuptial. 

speeded. hymn (him), n. a sacred ode expres- 

u j *. * ca„- c4- ^ „ „~™,.„ sive of praise or adoration: v.t. to 

hydrostat ('dro-stat), n. an appara- • hvT £ nq to . adorp or nraisp bv 

tus for the prevention of boiler ex- |vmns 

plosions; an electrical contrivance ^ ' . 

for indicating the leakage or over- hymnal ( nal), n. a collection of 

flow of water. hymns for public worship. 

hydrostatic (-stat'ik), adj. pertaining hymnology (-nol'o-ji), n. the study 

to hydrestatics: n.pl. that branch of hymns, their origin, use, lore, &c. 

of physics that treats of the pres- hyoid (hi'oid), adj. shaped like the 

sure and equilibrium of fluids. Greek letter Y, v : n. a U-shaped 

hydrotherapy (-ther'a-pi), n. treat- bone supporting the tongue. 

mentof disease by water; water-cure. hyp. See hypo. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



HYPER 



379 



HYSTEROTOMY 



hyper, a prefix meaning over, beyond, 
excess, and in chemistry highest. 

hyperbola (-per'bo-la), n. a curve 
formed by the section of a cone when 
the cutting plane makes a greater 
angle with the base than the side of 
the cone makes. 

hyperbole ('bo-le), n. a figure of 
speech which expresses more or less 
than the truth. 

hyperbolic (-bol'ik), adj. pertaining 
to or containing, hyperbole; exag- 
gerated; pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, a hyperbola. 

hyperborean (-bd're-an), adj. arctic. 

hyperdulia (-doo'li-a), n. veneration 
of the Virgin Mary. 

hyphen (hi'fen), n. a mark (-) join- 
ing two words or syllables: v.t. to 
join by such a mark. 

hypno, a prefix meaning sleep, as 
hypnosis, a hypnotic state or trance. 

hypnosis (hip-no 'sis). See hypno. 

hypnotic (hip-not'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or producing hypnotism. 

hypnotize ('no-tiz), v.t. to produce, 
or subject to, hypnotism. 

hypnotism ('no-tism), n. a method 
. of inducing a trance-like sleep : a 
method of medical treatment by 
hypnotism. 

hypo, hyp, a prefix meaning under, 
beneath. 

hypoblast (hi'po-blast), n. the under 
layer of the blastoderm. 

hypochondria (hip-o-kon'dri-a), n. a 
disease attended with extreme mel- 
ancholy, and anxiety respecting one's 
state of health. Also hypochondri- 
asis. 

hypocrisy (-ok'ri-si), n. a feigning to 
be what one is not; dissimulation; 
false profession. 

hypocrite ('o-krit), n. one who prac- 
tices hypocrisy; a dissimulator. 

hypodermic (hi-po-der'mik), adj. in- 
serted under the skin: n. a medicine 
thus injected. 



hypogastric (hi-po-gas'trik), ajd. 
pertaining to the hypogastrium. 

hypogastrium ('tri-um), n. [pi. hypo- 
gastria (-a) ], the middle part of 
the lower region of the abdomen. 

hypostyle ('o-stll), n. a roof sup- 
ported by columns ; a covered colon- 
nade; pillared hall or court. 

hypotenuse (-pot'e-niis), n. the side 
of a right-angled triangle opposite 
the right angle. Also hypothenuse. 

hypothesis (-poth'e-sis), n. [pi. hy- 
potheses (-sez) ], something assumed 
for the purpose of argument; a the- 
ory to explain some fact which may 
or may not prove to be true; suppo- 
sition; conjecture. 

hypothetic (-po-thet'ik), adj. based 
on hypothesis; conjectural. Also 
hypothetical. 

hypsi, a prefix meaning high, excep- 
tionally high, as %ps£brachycephal- 
ic: adj. having a high broad skull, as 
certain races. Also hypso. 

hypsometer (hip-som'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for measuring altitudes 
by atmospheric pressure. 

hypsometry ('e-tri), n. the art of de- 
termining altitudes by atmospheric 
pressure. 

hyrax (hi'raks), n. a small hare-like 
mammal, the coney of the Bible. 

hyssop (his'up), n. an aromatic plant 
with blue flowers; an unidentified 
plant mentioned in the Bible. 

hysteria (his-te'ri-a), n. a nervous 
affection of women characterized by 
choking sensations, paroxysms of 
laughter or weeping, and frequently 
simulating other diseases. 

hysterical (-ter'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or affected by, hysterics; vio- 
lently emotional. 

hysterics (his-ter'iks), n.pl. hysteria. 

hysteroid ('oid), adj. resembling 
hysteria. 

hysterotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the opera- 
tion of cutting out, or into, the womb. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



I 






I, the ninth letter of the alphabets 
of Western Europe. 

iambic (I-am'bik), adj. consisting of, 
or employing, iambics: n. an iam- 
bus, a satirical poem in iambic verse . 

iambus ('bus), n. a metrical foot 
consisting of two syllables, of which 
the first is short and the second is 
long (~0, or, in accentual versi- 
fication, a foot of two syllables, in 
which the stress accent falls on the 
second syllable. 

ibex ('beks), n. a genus of wild goats 
having very large recurved horns, 
the best known species of which is 
the Alpine steinbok or bouquetin. 

ibis ('bis), n. a genus of large wad- 
ing birds, having a long, curved 
beak, of which the most notable spe- 
cies is the sacred Ibis of the ancient 
Egyptians. 

Ice Age (aj), n. the glacial epoch. 

iceberg ('berg), n. a large mass of 
ice detached from a glacier, and 
floating in the sea. 

ice boat (bot), n. a strong steam 
boat used to break a channel through 
ice ; a boat mounted on runners and 
propelled by sails on ice. 

ice-cream (is-krem'), n. cream, 
. sweetened and flavored, and frozen 
in a contrivance for the purpose. 

ice-floe ('flo), n. a small sheet of 
floating ice. 

ice-hockey (Is'hok'i), n. a game 
similar to field-hockey, but played 
on the ice. 

ice-pack ('pak), n. a field of broken 
and drifting ice, consisting of great 
masses packed together. 

ichneumon (ik-nti'mun), n. an ani- 
mal of the weasel kind, found in 



Egypt, where it was anciently wori 
shipped; it tracks out and devours 
the eggs of the crocodile . 

ichneumon-fly (-fli), n. an insect 
which lays its eggs in the bodies of 
other insects. 

ichnology (-nol'o-ji), n. that branch 
of science which treats of fossil foot- 
prints. 

ichor (i'kor), n. in classical mythol- 
ogy, the ethereal fluid which ran, in- 
stead of blood, in the veins of the 
gods; a thin, watery, acrid serum 
from an ulcer or wound. 

ichthyic (ik'thi-ik), adj. fish-like. 

ichthyo, a prefix meaning a fish, as 
ichthyolite, a fossil fish; the impres- 
sion of a fossil fish. Also ichthy. 

ichthyography (ik-thi-og'ra-fi), n. a 
treatise on fishes. 

ichthyolite. See under ichthyo. 

ichthyology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 
of zoology which treats of fishes, 
their structure, classification, &c. 

Ichthyosaurus (-saw'rus), n. a 
genus of huge fossil fish-lizards. 

ichthyosis (-o'sis), n. a disease in 
which the skin presents the form of 
hard dry scales and plates. 

icicle (i'si-kl), n. a pendent cone of 
ice formed by the freezing of drip- 
ping water. 

icily ('si-li), adv. in an icy manner; 
coldly. 

icing ('sing), n. a coating of concrete 
sugar. 

icon (i'kon), n. [pi. icons ('konz), 
icones ('kon-ez)j, in the Greek 

• Church, a sacred image or picture. 
Also eikon, ikon. 

icono, a prefix meaning image, as 
iconocl&sm, image breaking. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, Men. 

(380) 



ICONOCLAST 



381 



IDIOPATHY 



iconoclast (i-kon'o-klast), n. an im- 
age breaker; one who attacks super- 

- stitions or shams. 

iconometer (i-ko-nom'e-ter), n. a 
measuring instrument to determine 
the actual position of unknown 
points from observation of two 
drawings or photographs. • 

icos, a prefix meaning twenty, as icos- 
ahedral, having twenty plane faces. 

icosahedron (-kos-a-he'dron), n. a 
solid bounded by twenty plane faces. 

ictus (ik'tus), n. a blow or stroke; in 
prosody and music, rhythmical or 
metrical accent or stress. 

idea (-de'a), n. a mental image or 
picture; a conception of what ought 
to be; an abstract principle; opin- 
ion; belief; plan. 

ideal (-de'al), adj. existing in imagi- 
nation only; visionary; conforming 
to a standard of perfection; per- 
fect: n. a mental conception, or an 
individual regarded as the standard 
of perfection. 

idealism (-izm), n. in art, the effort 
to realize, by elimination and com- 
bination, the highest type of any 
natural object; the doctrine that all 
our knowledge of objects is a knowl- 
edge of ideas. 

idealist (-ist), n. one who pursues 
the ideal; one who holds the doc- 
trine of idealism; a visionary. 

ideality ('i-ti), n. the quality of be- 
ing ideal; the faculty to form ideals.! 

idealize (-Iz), v.t. to make ideal; 
embody in an ideal form; represent 
(natural objects) so as to show 
their most important characteristics 
only: v.i. to form ideals. 

idem (i'dem), n. the same; used as 
a prefix in words defining similar 
ideas. 

identical (i-den'tik-al), adj. express- 
ing sameness; differing in no essen- 
tial point. 

identical note (not), n. a note in 
terms agreed upon by two or more 
powers, intended to influence anoth- 
er power. 



identifiable (-ti-fl'a-bl), adj. that 
may be identified. 

identify (-den'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
identified, p.pr. identifying], to make, 
prove to be, or consider as, the same. 

identity ('ti-ti), n. essential or prac- 
tical sameness. 

ideograph (id'e-o-graf), n. a symbol, 
figure, or hieroglyph, not naming 
but suggesting the idea of an object. 
Also ideogram. 

ideographic ('ik), adj. representing 
ideas by symbols independently of 
sounds. Also ideographical. 

ideography (-e-og'ra-fi), n. the direct 
representation of ideas by symbols. 

ideology ('o-ji), n. the science of 
ideas; the system of philosophy 
which derives ideas exclusively from 
sensation. 

ideomotion (-6-mo'shun), n. uncon- 
scious muscular motion arising from 
a dominant idea. 

ides (Idz), n.pl. in the ancient Roman 
calendar, the eighth day after the 
nones — the 15th of March, May, 
July, October, and the 13th of the 
other months. 

idio, a prefix meaning one's own, pe- 
culiar, as idiograph, a private or 
trade mark. 

idiocy (id'i-o-si), n. the state of be- 
ing an idiot; mental imbecility. Also 
idiotcy. 

idiogenesis (i-di-o-jen'e-sis), n. orig- 
inating spontaneously or without 
determinable cause. 

idiograph. See under idio. 

idiom ('i-um), n. a turn of expression 
peculiar to a language; the distinc- 
tive characteristics of a language. 

idiomatic (-o-mat'ik), adj. peculiar 
to a language; given to, or marked 
by, the use of idioms. Also idio- 
matical. 

idiometer (id-i-om'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument to determine the personal 
equation of a person using a tele- 
scope to note the precise time when 
a star crosses the meridian. 

idiopathy (-op'a-thi), n. an individ- 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



IDIOSOME 



382 



IGUANA 



ual or personal affection; a primary- 
disease not arising from another. 

idiosome (id'io-som), n. a theoreti- 
cal ultimate element of living mat- 
ter. 

idiosyncrasy (-i-6-sin'kra-si), n. [pi. 
idiosyncrasies (-siz) ], peculiarity of 
constitution or temperament: a 
characteristic peculiar to an indi- 
vidual. 

idiot ('i-ot), n. one of weak intellect; 
a foolish person. 

idiotic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
like, an idiot; foolish, fatuous. Also 
idiotical. 

idiotrophic (id'i-o-trof'ik), n. capable 
of selecting suitable nourishment: 
said of living cells. 

idle-wheel ('hwel), n. a wheel placed 
between two others to transfer 
motion without change of direction. 

idol (I-dol), n. an image of a divinity, 
employed as an object of worship; a 
person or thing loved to excess. 

idolater ('a-ter), n. an idol-wor- 
shipper; one who pays divine honors 
to images, &c; one who loves a per- 
son or thing to excess. 

idolatress ('a-tres), n. a female 
idolater. 

idolatrous ('a-trus), adj. pertaining 
to, or practicing, idolatry; marked 
by undue reverence or affection. 

idolatry ('a-tri), n. [pi. idolatries 
(-triz) ], the paying of Divine honors 
to idols, images, or any created ob- 
ject; the ascription of Divine pow- 
er to natural agencies; excessive ad- 
miration, veneration, or love for any 
person or thing. 

idolize (-iz), v.t. to make an idol of; 
love or admire to excess. 

idyl (I'dil), n. a short, highly-wrought 
pastoral poem; applied also to de- 
scriptive and narrative poems > of 
greater length; a description of sim- 
ple, rural, pastoral scenes. Also 
idyll. 

idylist (I'dil-ist), n. a pastoral poet 
or painter. 

idyllic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or of 
the nature of an idyl; pastoral. 



igneous ('ne-us), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or resembling fire, or 
produced by fire. 

ignis fat u us ('nis-fat-ii'us), n. a me- 
teoric light seen to flit above the 
ground in marshy places, &c. ; a 
misleading influence. Popularly 
known as Will-o'-the-wisp, Jack-o'- 
Lantern, Corpse-candle. 

ignite ('nit), v.t. to set on fire; to 
make incandescent with heat; sub- 
ject to the action of intense heat: 
v.i. to take fire; glow with heat. 

igniter ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, ignites; a time exploder for 
igniting the powder of a torpedo. 

ignitible (ig-ni'ti-bl), adj. capable of 
being ignited; easily kindled. 

ignition (-nish'un), n. the act of ig- 
niting; the state of being ignited. 

ignition-box (ig-nish'on-boks), n. 
the explosion-chamber of an in- 
ternal combustion engine. 

ignoble (-no'bl), adj. of low birth or 
station; of mean character or qual- 
ity; of little value; characterizing a 
short-winged hawk, as distinguished 
from a long-winged falcon. 

ignominious (-no-min'i-us), adj. \ 
marked with ignominy or public dis- 
grace; shameful; deserving disgrace; 
despicable. 

ignominy (ig'no-min-i), n. [pi. igno- 
minies (-iz) ], loss of one]s good 
name; public disgrace or dishonor; 
cause or source of disgrace. 

ignoramus (-ra/mus), n. an ignorant 
person, especially an ignorant pre- 
tender to knowledge. 

ignorance (-rans), n. the state of be- 
ing ignorant; want of knowledge. 

ignorant (-rant), adj. destitute of 
knowledge; uninstructed; illiterate. 

ignore (-nor'), v.t. to be ignorant 
of; treat as unknown; disregard; 
throw out as false or unsupported 
by sufficient evidence: said of a 
grand jury rejecting a bill. 

Igorrote (i'gor-ro'te), n. one of a 
tribe of head hunters in Luzon, 
Philippine Islands. 

iguana (i-gwa'na), n. a large trop- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon* 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IL 



383 



IMAGERY 



ical American lizard, having a dew- 
lap under the throat. 

il, a prefix, another form of in when 
followed by I, meaning not, as ^lit- 
erate, uneducated. 

ileum (il'e-um), n. the lower part of 
the small intestine. 

Ilex (I'leks), n. a genus of evergreen 
trees and shrubs represented by the 
holly. 

iliac (il'i-ak), adj. pertaining to the 
ileum, or to the ilium, or flank bone. 

ilium (iri-um), n. the dorsal or up- 
per part of the hip-bone. 

illapse (-laps'), n. a gliding in or into, 
especially a divine influx; inspiration. 

illation (-la 'shun), n. an inference, 
deduction, or conclusion. 

illegal (il-le'gal), adj. contrary, to 
law; unlawful. 

illegible (il-lej'i-bl), adj. hard to 
read; not plain or clear. 

illegitimate (il-le-jit'i-mat), adj. born 
cut of wedlock. 

illicit (-lis 'it), adj. not authorized or 
allowed; unlicensed; unlawful. 

illimitable (-lim'it-a-bl), adj. im- 
measurable; vast; infinite. 

illimitably (-bli), adv. without pos- 
sibility of being bounded. 

illision .(-lizh'un), n. the act of strik- 
ing into or against. 

illiteracy (-lit'er-a-si), n. ignorance 
of letters. 

illness ('nes), n. the condition of be- 
ing ill; disease; sickness. 

illude (-hid'), v.t. to mock; deceive; 
delude. 

illuminant (-lum'i-nant), adj. per- 
taining to illumination: n. anything 
which illuminates or affords light. 

illuminate ('i-nat), v.t. to give light 
to; decorate with lights, in token of 
rejoicing; enlighten; throw light 
upon; make plain; elucidate; adorn, 
as a manuscript, with miniature pic- 
tures in colors and gold: v.i. to dis- 
play lights in token of rejoicing. 

illumination (-na'shun), n. supply 
of light f the act of illuminating, or 
state of being illuminated, especially 
the festive decoration of houses or 



cities with lights : the art of illumin- 
ing books or manuscripts; a design 
in an illuminated work; intellectual 
light; inspiration. 

illuminator ('mi-na-ter), n. one 
who, or that which, gives light; one 
who illuminates books, manuscripts, 
&c; a condenser or reflector; an il- 
luminant. 

illusion ('zhun), n. deceptive ap- 
pearance; false show; hallucination. 

illusionist (-ist), n. one subject to 
illusion; a sleight-of-hand performer. 

illusive ('siv), adj. deceiving by il- 
lusion; deceptive; illusory. 

illusory ('so-ri), adj. causing illu- 
sion; fallacious; deceptive. 

illustrate (-us'trat), v.t. to make 
clear or intelligible; explain by ex- 
amples; elucidate by means of pic- 
tures, &c. 

illustration _ (-tra'shun), n. the act 
of illustrating; the state of being 
illustrated; that which illustrates; 
a comparison or example which ex- 
plains or corroborates; a picture 
designed to elucidate the text. 

illustrative ('tra-tiv), adj. tending 
to illustrate, elucidate, or exemplify. 

illustrator ('us-tra-ter), n. one who 
illustrates; one who exemplifies 
something in his own person; _ one 
who draws pictorial representations. 

illustrious ('tri-us), adj. distin- 
guished by luster or greatness; emi- 
nent; renowned; conferring luster 
or honor; glorious; famous; hon-. 
ored. 

im, a prefix representing in when fol- 
lowed by b, m, or p. 

image (im'aj), n. an imitation of any 
person or thing; a statue, effigy, or 
bust; an idol; a counterpart; like- 
ness; a mental picture, conception, 
or idea; an extended metaphor; the 
figure of an object formed by rays 
of light: v.t. to form, or reflect, an 
image of; represent to the mental 
vision; imagine. 

imagery ('aj-ri), n. [pi. imageries 
(-riz)], representation by images; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl 






me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IMAGINABLE 



384 



IMMEDIATE 



images collectively; figures in dis- 
course; forms of the fancy. 

imaginable (-aj'i-na-bl), adj. that 
may be imagined or conceived. 

imaginary ('i-na-ri), adj. existing 
only in imagination; unreal; Uto- 
pian. 

imagination (-na/shun), n. the im- 
age-forming power of the mind, or 
the power of the mind which modi- 
fies the conceptions, especially the 
higher forms of this power exercised 
in art and poetry, usually termed 
the plastic or creative power; a con- 
ception or idea; fanciful opinion; 
fancy; invention. 

imaginative ('i-na-tiv), adj. pro- 
ceeding from, exhibiting, or en- 
dowed with, imagination; inventive; 
fanciful. 

imagine (-aj'in), v.t. to form a men- 
tal picture of; produce by the im- 
agination; conceive; conjecture; 
think; suppose; v.i. to form a men- 
tal image; fancy; to surmise. 

imbecile (im'be-sil), adj. without 
strength, especially of mind; feeble- 
minded; idiotic: n. one of feeble 
mind. 

imbecility (-sil'i-ti), n. [pi. imbe- 
cilities (-tiz)], mental or physical 
weakness. 

imbibe ('bib), v.t. to drink in; ab- 
sorb, as if by drinking; receive or 
absorb into the mind: v.i. to drink; 
absorb moisture. 

imbricate ('bri-kat), v.t. to lay in 
order, one lapping over another, like 
tiles or shingles: v.i. to overlap seri- 
ally: adj. bent and hollowed like a 
gutter tile or pantile; overlapping 
like tiles, as the scales of fishes, or 
the leaf -buds of plants; decorated 
with a pattern resembling lapping 
tiles or scales. 

imbroglio (-bro'lyo), n. a confused 
mass of things; intricate and per- 
plexing state of affairs; misunder- 
standing; entanglement; strife; per- 
plexity; complicated plot. 

imbrue ('broo), v.t. to wet or mois- 



ten; soak; drench, especially in 
blood. 

imbue ('bu), v.t. to cause to absorb; 
tinge deeply; dye; to tincture deep- 
ly, as the mind with certain princi- 
ples. 

imi table ('i-ta-bl), adj. capable of, 
or worthy of, imitation. 

imitate ('i-tat), v.t. to produce a 
semblance of, in form, color, quali- 
ties, conduct, and the like; use as a 
model or pattern; to take example 
by; to counterfeit; copy. 

imitation (-ta'shun),- n. the act of 
imitating; that which is produced 
by imitating; the repetition of the 
same melodic theme or phrase, either 
in a different key, or in another 
voice or part: adj. made in imita- 
tion; not genuine. 

imitative ('i-ta-tiv), adj. inclined to, 
or aiming at, imitation; formed 
after a model. 

imitator ('i-ta-ter), n. one who imi- 
tates. 

immaculate (-mak'u-lat), adj. with- 
out blemish; unspotted; undefiled; 
pure. 

Immanuel, another form of Em- 
manuel. 

immaterial (-ma-te'ri-al), adj. not 
consisting of matter; spiritual; dis- 
embodied, unimportant. 

immaterialism (-izm), n. idealism; 
spiritualism. 

immature (-ma-tur'), adj. not ripe; 
not fully grown or developed; not 
finished or perfected; crude. 

immaturity (-tur'i-ti), n. unripe- 
ness; incompleteness. 

immeasurability (-mezh-ur-a-bil'i- 
ti), n. the quality of not being meas- 
urable. 

immeasurable ('ur-a-bl), adj. not 
to be measured; immense; limitless; 
vast. 

immeasurableness (-nes), n. bound- 
less extent. 

immediate (-me'di-at), adj. directly 
related without an intervening me- 
dium; next; direct; approximate; 
instant. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IMMEMORIAL 



385 



IMMUNIFY 



immemorial (-me-mor'i-al), adj. ex- 
tending beyond the reach of mem- 
ory, record, or tradition: as imme- 
morial usage or custom. 

immense (-mens'), adj. immeasura- 
ble; boundless; vast; very great or 
large; very good or fine: n. infinite 
space; immensity. 

immensity ('si-ti), n. [pi. immensi- 
ties (-tiz) ], the character of being 
immense; immeasurableness ; infi- 
nite space; vastness in extent or 
bulk. 

immerge (-merj'), v.t. to plunge into 
or under anything, especially a 
fluid; immerse: v.i. to disappear by 
entering into any medium, as the 
moon into the shadow of the earth. 

immerse (-mers'), v.t. to plunge into 
or _ under anything, especially a 
fluid; sink; dip; plunge into, as an 
occupation; baptize by immersion. 

immersed (-rnersf), p.adj. deeply 
plunged into anything, especially a 
fluid; deeply occupied, engrossed, or 
involved; growing wholly under 
water: said of a plant. 

immersion (-mer'shun), n. the act 
of immersing; the state of being 
immersed; baptism by dipping the 
whole person into water. 

immigrant = ('i-grant), adi. passing 
or coming into, as a new habitat or 
place of residence: n. one who, or 
that which, immigrates. 

immigrate ('i-grat), v.i. to come into 
a new habitat or place of residence, 
especially to come into a country to 
settle. 

imminence ('i-nens), n. the condi- 
tion of being imminent; nearness; 
impending evil or danger. 

imminent ('i-nent), adj. threatening or 
about to fall or occur immediately : 
said especially of misfortune or peril. 

immixture (i-miks'tur), n. the action 
of mixing or combining, particularly 
with reference to social matters. 

immobility (-mo-bil'i-ti), n. fixed- 

* ness in place or state. 

immoderate (-mod'er-at), adj. not 
moderate; not confined to custom- 



ary or just or reasonable limits; 
extravagant ; intemperate . 

immodest (-mod'est), adj. forward; 
arrogant; wanting in the restraint 
required by decency; indelicate; un- 
chaste. 

immodesty (-mod'est-i), n. want of 
modesty, delicacy, or proper re- 
serve; arrogance; unchastity. 

immolate ('o-lat), v.t. to kill as a 
sacrificial victim; offer in sacrifice; 
make a sacrifice of. 

immoral (-mor'al), adj. contrary to 
the moral law, or to the public good; 
vicious; dissolute; dishonest; un- 
principled. 

immorality (-mo-ral'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being immoral; an im- 
moral act or practice. 

immortal (-mor'tal), adj. not mortal 
or subject to death; imperishable; 
ever-living: n. one who is immor- 
tal; pi. the gods of classical my- 
thology. 

immortalize ('tal-Iz), v.t. to render 
immortal; bestow lasting fame upon. 

immortality (-tal'i-ti), n. exemption 
from death or oblivion; unending 
existence. 

immortelle (-mor-tel'), n. [pi. im- 
mortelles (telz') ], a plant whose 
flowers may be dried without losing 
their form or color; an everlasting; 
a wreath made of everlastings. # 

immovability (-moov-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
fixedness. 

immovable ('a-bl), adj. incapable of 
being moved; fixed; steadfast; un- 
changing; unfeeling: n.pl. land, or 
things fixed to, or running with, 
land, as trees, buildings. 

immune (-mun'), adj. exempt, as 
from a disease: n. one who is ex- 
empt from any particular disease 
by reason of having had it. 

immune serum (im-mun' se-rum), 
n. serum of an immunized animal 
that may be used as an antidote to 
a bacterial poison. 

immunify (i-mu'ni-fi), v.t. to make 
immune to a bacterial or other dis- 
ease or toxic condition. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IMMUNITY 



386 



IMPEDIMENTA 



immunity (-mun'i-ti), n. [pi. im- 
munities (-tiz) ], exemption from 
any duty, office, or tax; freedom 
from natural or usual liability; spe- 
cial privilege (usually in pi.). 

immunize (-mun'iz), v.t. to render 
immune. 

immure (-mur'), v.t. to enclose with- 
in walls; shut up in prison^ confine. 

immutability (-mut-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
unchangeableness. 

immutable (-mut'a-bl), adj. un- 
changeable; invariable; unaltera- 
ble; permanent. 

imp (imp), n. a young, little, or in- 
ferior devil; a hobgoblin; sprite; a 
pert or mischievous child. 

impact (im'pakt), n. collision. 

impair (-par), v.t. to make worse; 
lessen in quantity, value, excellence, 
or strength: v.i. to become worse; 
deteriorate. 

impale (-pal'), v.t. to fix on a stake; 
put to death by spitting on a sharp 
stake fixed upright; surround, with 
or as with, a pale or palisade; in 
heraldry, to join (two coats of 
arms) on one shield, palewise. 

impalpable (-pal'pa-bl), adj. not to 
be perceived by touch; not material; 
incorporeal; not (readily) appre- 
hensible by the mind; intangible; 
unreal. 

impanel (-pan'el), v.t. to enter the 
names of (jurors) on a piece of 
parchment called a panel; summon 
to serve on a jury; draw from the 
panel and swear in. 

imparity (-par'i-ti), n. inequality; 
disproportion; difference of degree, 
rank, excellence, number, quantity, 
&c. ; want of correspondence. 

impart (-part'), v.t. to bestow a share 
or portion of; give; to communi- 
cate knowledge of; make known: 
v.i. to give a share. 

impartial (-par'shal), adj. free from 
partiality; equitable; fair; just; 
unprejudiced. 

impartiality (-shi-al'-i-ti), n. free- 
dom from bias; fairness. 

impartible ('ti-bl), adj. capable of 



being imparted or communicated; 
indivisible. 

impassable (-pas'a-bl), adj. not to 
be passed; not admitting passage; 
impervious. 

impassably (-bli), adv. in an impas- 
sable manner; in a manner inca- 
pable of suffering from external 
causes; exempt from harm or pain; 
not to be moved to passion, sym- 
pathy, or any sign of emotion. 

impassioned (-pash'und), p. adj. 
moved to strong feeling; animated; 
excited. 

impassive (-pas'iv), adj. apathetic. 

impatience (-pa'shens), n. the state 
of being impatient. 

impatient ('shent), adj. intolerant 
of pain, delay, opposition, control, 
or circumstances; exhibiting or ex- 
pressing impatience (with at) ; eager 
(with for) . • 

impawn (-pawn'), v.t. to put in 
pawn; deposit as security; pledge. 

impeach (-pech'), v.t. to call in 
question; accuse before a tribunal of 
official misconduct; challenge the 
credibility or validity of: as a wit- 
ness or a document. 

impeachment ('ment), n. the ar- 
raignment of a public officer for 
malfeasance in office; a discrediting 
or calling in question. 

impeccability (-pek-a-bil'i-ti), n. ex- 
emption from sin, error, or wrong- 
doing. 

impeccable (-pek'a-bl), adj. not lia- 
ble to sin; faultless. 

impecuniosity (-pe-ku-ni-os'i-ti), n. 
want of money; poverty. 

impecunious ('ni-us), adj. without 
money; poor. 

impede (-ped'), v.t. to obstruct; hin- 
der. 

impediment (-ped'i-ment), n. that 
which impedes progress or activity; 
obstruction; obstacle; hindrance. 

impedimenta (-ped-i-men'ta), n.pl. 
encumbrances; traveling equipage; 
baggage, especially military bag- 
gage; military supplies. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IMPEDIMENTAL 



387 



IMPERSONAL 



impedimental ('tal), adj. of the na- 
ture of an impediment; impeding. 

impel (-pel/), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. im- 
pelled, p.pr. impelling], to drive or 
urge forward or on; constrain to 
any kind of motion or action. 

impellent Cent), adj. having the 
quality of impelling: n. a motive or 
impelling power. 

impend (-pend'), v.i. to hang over; 
be ready to fall; be at hand. 

impendent ('ent), adj. impending. 

impending ('ing), p.adj. overhang- 
ing; suspended so as to menace; 
close at hand. 

impenetrability (-pen-e-tra-bil'i-ti) , 
n. incapability of being penetrated; 
that property of matter in virtue 
of which no two bodies can occupy 
the same space at the same time. 

impenetrable ('e-tra-bl), adj. not 
penetrable; not admitting entrance; 
having the property of being im- 
penetrable; impervious. 

impenitence (-pen'i-tens), n. the 
state of being impenitent; hardness 
of heart ; stubborn wickedness. Also 
impenitency. 

impenitent ('i-tent), adj. not con- 
trite; finally negligent of the duty 
of repentance; obdurate: n. one 
who finally neglects the duty of re- 
pentance; a hardened sinner. 

imperative (-per'a-tiv), adj. express- 
ing command; peremptory; obliga- 
tory: n. that mood of a verb that 
expresses command, entreaty, or 
exhortation. 

imperatively (-li), adv. perempto- 
rily. 

imperceptibility (-sep-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being imperceptible. 

imperceptible (-sep'ti-bl), ad;', "that 
cannot be immediately perceived by 
the senses, or easily apprehended by 
the mind. 

imperfect ('fekt), adj. wanting in 
completeness, correctness, or excel- 
lence; wanting in some organ es- 
sential to normal activity; incom- 
plete; defective; faulty. 

imperfection (-fek'shun), n. incom.- 



pleteness; faultiness; a defect or 
blemish, physical, mental, or moral; 
failing. 

imperforate ('fo-rat), adj. having 
no perforations or pores. 

imperial (-pe'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to an empire or emperor; fit or suit- 
able for one who wields supreme au- 
thority; of superior size or excel- 
lence; royal; sovereign: n. the top of 
a diligence or coach; a baggage-case 
on a traveling carriage; a size of 
paper, 30 m. x 22 in.; a tuft of 
hair left unshaven on the lower lip 
and chin (so called from Napoleon 
III., who set this fashion). 

imperialism (-izm), n. the system 
of imperial government; the policy 
of imperial federation; policy of 
territorial expansion. 

imperialist (-ist), n. one who fa- 
vors or upholds imperialism. 

imperialization (-i-za'shun), n. the 
establishment or extension of im- 
perial power. ; 

imperialize ('ri-al-iz), v.t. to invest 
with imperial character, style, or 
power; bring to the form of an em- 
pire. 

imperially ('ri-al-li), adv. in an im- 
perial manner. 

imperil (-per'il), v.t. to put in peril; 
endanger; jeopardize. 

imperious (-pe'ri-us), adj. domineer- 
ing, dictatorial, overbearing; ur- 
gent; imperative. 

imperishable (-per'ish-a-bl), adj. in- 
destructible; not subject to decay; 
permanently enduring. 

impermeability (-per-me-a-bil'i-ti), 
n. the property of being impermea- 
ble. 

impermeable ('me-a-bl), adj. not 
permitting passage, as of a fluid, 
through its substance; impervious; 
impenetrable. 

impermeator ('me-a-ter), n. a con- 
trivance for uniformly supplying oil 
to the cylinder of a steam-engine. 

impersonal ('sun-al), adj. wanting 
personality or conscious individuali- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IMPERSONALITY 



388 



IMPLY 



ty; not referring to a particular 
person: n. an impersonal verb. 

impersonality ('i-ti), n. absence of 
personality. 

impersonal verb (verb), n. a verb 
used without a subject, or (in Eng- 
glish) with only the impersonal it. 

impersonate ('sun-at), v.t. to invest 
with personality; embody as a per- 
son; represent as a personality; to 
represent the person or character 
of, especially on the stage. 

impersonator (-a-ter), n. one who 
impersonates; an actor. 

impertinence ('tin-ens), n. that 
which is impertinent or irrelevant, 
as in speech or manners; a thing of 
no value; a trifle; forwardness; 
rudeness; in law, matter which is 
immaterial in substance. 

impertinent ('tin-ent), adj. non- 
pertinent; of no relation to the mat- 
ter in hand; not to the point; in- 
apposite; inapplicable; rude; un- 
civil, or offensive in behavior: n. 
one who interferes in things which 
do not concern him; a forward, ill- 
mannered person. 

imperturbability (-ter-ba-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being imperturba- 
ble. 

imperturbable ('ba-bl), adj. not 
easily disturbed, agitated, or dis- 
concerted; self-contained, cool, calm. 

impervious ('vi-us), adj. not to be 
passed through or penetrated; im- 
penetrable; not permitting passage, 
as of a fluid, through its substance. 

impetuosity (-ii-os'i-ti), n. vehe- 
mence; violence; force. 

impetuous ('u-us), adj. rushing with 
force and violence; vehement in 
feeling; acting with sudden energy; 
precipitate. 

impetus ('pe-tus), n. the force with 
which any body is driven or im- 
pelled; impulse; impulsion; mo- 
mentum. 

impiety (-pi 'i-ti), n. [pi. impieties 
(-tiz) ], want of piety; disregard of 
thd Supreme Being; ungodliness; 
an act of irreverence or wicked- 



ness; violation of natural duty to- 
ward others, as disobedience to 
parents. 

impinge (-pinj'), v.i. strike or dash; 
clash; come in collision (with on, 
upon, or against). 

impingent ('pin-jent), adj. imping- 
ing. 

impious ('pi-us), adj. irreligious; 
wicked; profane. 

impish (imp'ish), adj. having the 
mischievous character of an imp. 

implacability (-pla-ka-bil'i-ti), n. a 
state of irreconcilable enmity or un- 
appeasable anger. Also implacable- 
ness. 

implacable (-pla'ka-bl), adj. not to 
be pacified or appeased; constant 
in anger or enmity; relentless. 

implant (-plant'), v.t to infix for 
growth; cause to take root; ingraft. 

implead (-pled'), v.t. to sue or prose- 
cute; accuse; impeach. 

implement ^ ('ple-ment), n. that 
which supplies a want, or is a requi- 
site to an end, especially an instru- 
ment, tool, or utensil: pi. the tools 
and weapons of prehistoric man! 

implemental ('al), adj. pertaining 
to, or characterized by, the use of 
implements. 

implicate ('pli-kat), v.t. to infold; 
involve; entangle; bring info con- 
nection with. 

implication (-ka'shun), n. entangle- 
ment; that which is implied; an 
inference not expressed but under- 
stood; deduction. 

implicit (-plis'it), adj. implied; rest- 
ing on implication or inference; 
trusting in the word or authority of 
another; submissive; blind; tacit; 
unreserved. 

implore (-plor'), v.t. to entreat (a 
person, or for a thing) earnestly, 
humbly, and importunately: v.i. to 
beg ; pray ; supplicate. 

imply (-pli'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p.^ im- 
plied, p.pr. implying], to contain by 
implication; mean or signify by fair 
inference; express indirectly; in- 
sinuate. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IMPOLICY 



389 



IMPOTENT 



impolicy (-pol'i-si), n. the quality of 
being impolitic; want of policy; in- 
expediency. 
impolite (-po-lit'), adj. wanting in 
good manners; boorish; coarse. 

impolitic (-pol'i-tik) , adj. contrary 
to good policy; unwise; injudicious; 
indiscreet. 

imponderable (-pon'der-a-bl), adj. 
not capable of being weighed; with- 
out (sensible) weight: n. a term 
applied to the hypothetical universal 
medium, ether. 

imporosity (-po-ros'i-ti), n. absence 
of pores; compactness. 

imporous (-po'rus), adj. without 
pores; solid. 

import (-port'), v.t. to bring into a 
country from abroad: opposed to ex- 
port; bring in from without, as ir- 
relevant matter into a discussion; 
bear in meaning; imply; signify; 
betoken; be of interest or conse- 
quence to; concern: v.i. to be of 
moment: n. (im'port) merchandise 
brought into a country from abroad 
(usually in pi.) ; meaning; purport; 
significance; importance. 

importance (-por'tans), n. the qual- 
ity of being important; high place 
in public estimation; high self-es- 
teem. 

important ('t&t), adj. of much im- 
port ^ or significance; momentous; 
bearing weight or consequence; of 
high standing; pompous. 

importation (-ta/shun), n. the act 
or practice of bringing merchandise 
into a country from aroad; that 
which is imported; one who, or that 
which, is recently introduced. 

importunate (-por'tu-nat), adj. per- 
sistent; unreasonable or troublesome 
in solicitation; not to be repulsed; 
urgent. 

importune (-por-tun'), v.t. to harass 
with perpetual petitions or de- 
mands: v.i. to beg persistently or 
urgently. 

importunity (-tu'ni-ti), n. [pi. im- 
portunities (-tiz) ], persistent so- 



licitation or demand; incessant in- 
sistence; urgency. 

impose (-poz'), v.t. to place upon: 
as, to impose the hands in confirma- 
tion or ordination; lay upon, as a 
burden, punishment, or charge; to 
palm off; lay (pages of type) on 
an imposing-stone or the bed of a 
press, and secure them in a chase: 
v.i. to place a burden or tax; prac- 
tice deception (with upon). i 

imposing ('ing), p.adj. adapted to im- 
press forcibly ; commanding ; stately ; 
grand; impressive: n. in printing, 
the arrangement of pages or columns 
into forms. 

imposition (-po-zish'un), n. a laying 
upon, especially of hands in ordina- 
tion or confirmation; the fixing of a 
meaning upon the terms of a proposi- 
tion; that which is imposed, levied, 
or enjoined; an extra exercise im- 
posed on a student as a punishment," 
a trick, fraud, or deception; a duty 
formerly imposed at the pleasure 
of the British king on imports and 
exports. 

impossibility (-pos-i-1jil'i-ti) , n. char- 
acter of being impossible; that which 
cannot be, or be supposed to be, 
done. 

impossible (-pos'i-bl), adj. that can- 
not be done ; inconceivable. 

impost ('post), n. that which is im- 
posed or levied; a tax, tribute, or 
duty, especially a customs-duty lev- 
ied by government on imports; the 
top member of a pillar on which the 
arch rests. 

impostor (-pos'ter), n. one who im- 
poses upon others by an assumed 
character or false pretensions. 

imposture ('pos-tur), n. deception, 
especially that which is practiced 
under an assumed chaacter or by 
false pretensions. 

impotence ('po-tens), n. the state of 
being impotent in body or mind; 
feebleness; want of capacity; de- 
ficiency of means to achieve an end. 

impotent ('po-tent), adj. wanting 
in physical, intellectual, or moral 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IMPOUND 



390 



IMPRIMIS 



power; weak; deficient in capacity; 
lacking self-restraint. 

impound (-pound'), v.t. to shut up 
in a pound or pen, as stray cattle; 
confine; hold in the custody of a 
court. 

impoverish (-pov'er-ish), v.t. to make 
poor reduce to poverty; cause to 
deteriorate in quality or productive- 
ness. 

impoverishment (-ment), n. the act 
of impoverishing; the state of being 
impoverished; indigence; deteriora- 
tion. 

impraticability (-prak-ti-ka-bil'i-ti),- 
n. the quality of being impractic- 
able. 

impracticable ('ti-ka-bl), adj. not 
to be effected by the means em- 
ployed, or at command; not easily 
dealt with; unmanageable; impossi- 
ble; intractable. 

imprecate ('pre-kat), v.t. to invoke, 
especially an evil or curse, upon; 
curse ; wish evil to. 

imprecatory ('pre-ka-to-ri), adj. in- 
voking evil or a curse. 

impregnability (-preg-na-biTi-ti), n. 
the quality of being unconquerable. 

impregnable ('na-bl), adj. not to be 
captured, as a fortress; not to be 
overcome, as virtue- 
impregnate (-preg'nat), v.t. to make 
pregnant; fecundate; fertilize; in- 
fuse an active principle, or the par- 
ticles of another substance, into; 
imbue; saturate. 

impresario (-pra-sa're-o), n. the 
manager of an opera or concert 
company; one who engages singers 
and brings them before the public. 

imprescriptible (-pre-skrip'ti-bl), 
adj. not founded on prescription; 
not to be alienated or lost by lapse 
of time; independent of external 
authority; inalienable; self -evidenc- 
ing. 

impress (-pres'), v.t. to mark, stamp, 
or print by pressure; to affect for- 
cibly, or stamp deeply on, the mind; 
to imprint; inculcate; compel to 
enter the public service as soldiers 



or sailors, especially to carry off 
forcibly to serve in the navy; seize 
for the public service, as money or 
provisions: n. (im'pres) a mark 
made by pressure; an image or fig- 
ure; a mark of distinction; char- 
acteristic; stamp; an impression or 
image fixed in the mind. 

impressibility (-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being impressible. 

impressible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being impressed; susceptible of im- 
pressions. 

impression (-presh'un), n. the mark 
made by a stamp or mold; style of 
character formed by external force 
or influence; the mark or stamp 
which is the result of external force 
or influence; an image in the mind 
caused by something external to it; 
the immediate effect produced upon 
the mind by a sensation, passion, 
or emotion; an indistinct or vague 
notion, remembrance, or belief; a 
copy taken by pressure from type; 
number of copies printed at once; 
edition. 

impressionable ('a-bl), adj. capable 
of receiving impressions; susceptible. 

impressional ('un-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to impressions. 

impressionism ('un-izm), n. the 
doctrine that natural objects should 
be painted — in literature described 
— so as to reproduce only their 
larger and more immediate effect or 
impressions, without selection or 
elaboration of details. 

impressionist ('un-ist), n. one who, 
in art or in literature, adheres to 
the theory of impressionism. 

impressive (-pres'iv), adj. capable 
of making impression. 

impressment (-pres'ment), n. the 
act of seizing for public use, or of 
compelling to enter the public serv- 
ice. 

imprimatur (im-pri-ma'ter), n. a 
license given to print; approval or 
sanction from authorized sources. 

imprimis (-pri'mis), adv. in the first 
place; a word introducing the first 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IMPRINT 



391 



IMPULSION 



of a series of particulars in an 
enumeration. 

imprint (-print'), v.i. to mark by 
pressure; to stamp, as letters and 
words on paper, by means of inked 
types; print; impress deeply, as on 
the mind or memory: n. (im 'print) 
an impression, impress, or mark left 
by something; the publisher's or 
printer's name, usually with time 
and place of issue, on the title-page 
or at the end of a book or other pub- 
lication. 

imprison (-priz'n), v.t. to put into 
a prison; detain in custody; re- 
strain or confine in any way; in- 
carcerate. 

imprisonment (-ment), n. state of 
being shut in, or as in, prison; con- 
finement. 

improbability (-prob-a-bil'i-ti) , n. 
[pi. improbabilities (-tiz) J, unlike- 
lihood; an improbable' event. 

improbable ('a-bl), adj. unlikely; 
not to be expected. 

improbity (-prob'i-ti), n. want of 
probity or rectitude; dishonesty. 

impromptu (-promp'tu), adv. with- 
out preparation; offhand; extem- 
pore; adj. extemporaneous; thrown 
off on the spur of the moment: n. 
an extemporaneous speech or effort. 

improper (-prop'er), adj. not well 
adapted or suited to the purpose; 
not according to nature, usage, &c. ; 
erroneous; unseemly. 

improper fraction (frak'shun), n. 
a fraction whose numerator is equal 
to, or greater than, its denominator. 

impropriety (-pri'e-ti), n . [pi. im- 
proprieties (-tiz) 1, the quality of 
being improper ; unsuitableness; that 
which is improper in act, expres- 
sion, &c. 

improvable (-proov'a-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of being improved. 

improve (-proov'), v.t. to make bet- 
ter; turn to account ; intensify: v.i. 
to grow better. 

improvement ('ment), n. advance- 
ment of anything from good to bet- 
ter; profitable use or application 



of anything; that by which the 
value of anything, especially prop- 
erty, is advanced: pi. betterments. 

improver ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, improves. 

improvidence (-prov'i-dens), want 
of foresight or thrift. 

improvident ('i-dent), adj. lacking 
foresight or thrift; wanting care to 
provide for the future ; careless. 

improvisation (-i-sa'shun), n. the 
act of improvising; the act of com- 
posing poetry or music extempora- 
neously; an impromptu. 

improvisator ('i-sa-ter), n. an im- 
proviser. Also improvisatore. 

improvisatrice (-ve-za-tre'cha), n. a 
female improvisatore. 

improvise (-pro-viz'), v.t. to com- 
pose extemporaneously, especially 
verse or music; bring about on a 
sudden, or without previous prepa- 
ration; devise on the spur of the 
moment, or for a special occasion: 
v.i. to compose extemporaneously; 
do a thing in an offhand way. 

imprudence (-proo'dens), n. want of 
prudence; carelessness of conse- 
quences; inattention to one's in- 
terest. 

imprudent ('dent), adj. wanting 
prudence; not attentive to conse- 
quences or interest; indiscreet; in- 
judicious. 

impudence ('pu-dens), n. want of 
modesty; shamelessness; rudeness; 
forwardness. 

impudent ('pti-dent), adj. shame- 
less; immodest; offensively forward; 
intentionally disrespectful. 

impugn (-pun'), v.t. to attack by 
arguments; contradict; gainsay. 

impugnable ('a-bl), adj. that may 
be impugned or gainsaid. 

impulse ('puis), n. force communi- 
cated suddenly; the result of an 
impelling force; a mental force di- 
rectly urging to action ; a sudden de- 
termination not arising from reflec- 
tion. 

impulsion- (-pul'shun), n. the act of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IMPULSIVE 



392 



INCA 



impelling; the state of being im- 
pelled; instigation. 

impulsive ('siv), adj. having the 
power of impelling; actuated by, or 
resulting from, impulse; passion- 
ate; acting by momentary impulse, 
not continuously. 

impunity (-pun'i-ti), n. freedom 
from punishment, injury, or loss. 

impure (-pur'), adj. mixed with ex- 
traneous matter; unchaste; un- 
clean; dirty; not accurate or idio- 
matic: said of a language or style. 

impurity ('ti), n. [pi. impurities 
(-tiz) ], uncleanness; a physical or 
moral blemish. 

imputable (-put'a-bl), adj. that may 
be imputed, charged, or ascribed. 

imputation (-ta/shun), n. the act of 
imputing or charging; anything im- 
puted or charged, especially in the 
way of discredit; censure; reproach; 
insinuation; the doctrine that the 
sin of Adam is attributed to his 
posterity, and the righteousness of 
Christ to the believer. 

impute (-put'), v.t. to charge, at- 
tribute, or ascribe, especially a fault ; 
attribute (sin or righteousness) as 
derived from another. 

inadvertence (in-ad-vert'ens), n. 
want of attention; oversight; mis- 
take. Also inadvertency. 

inadvertent Cent), adj. inatten- 
tive; heedless; careless; uncon- 
scious. 

inalienability (-al-yen-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being inalienable. 

inalienable (-a-bl), adj. that cannot, 
or should not, be alienated, surren- 
dered, or transferred to another. 

inamorata (-a-mo-ra'ta), n. a wom- 
an with whom one is in love; sweet- 
heart; mistress [Italian]. 

inamorato ('to), n. a man who is 
in love; a lover [Italian]. 

inane (-an'), adj. empty; void; 
senseless; silly; pointless; frivo- 
lous: n. infinite void; space. 

inanimate (in-an'i-mat), adj. not 
animate or animated; dead; spirit- 
less; lifeless. 



inanition (-a-nish'un), n. empti- 
ness; exhaustion from lack of nour- 
ishment. 

inanity (-an'i-ti), n. [pi. inanities 
(-tiz)], emptiness; mental vacuity; 
frivolity: pi. vanities. 

inappreciable (-pre'shi-a-bl), adj. 
not to be appreciated or estimated; 
of no consequence. 

inarch (in-arch'), v.t. to graft by 
uniting (a scion) to a stock without 
separating the scion from its parent 
tree. 

inarticulate (in-ar-tik'u-lat) , adj. not 
uttered with intelligible distinctness; 
incapable of speech; not articulated; 
not jointed, segmented, or valved. 

inaugural (-aw'gti-ral), adj. pertain- 
ing to an inauguration: n. an inau- 
gural address. 

inaugurate ('gu-rat), v.t. to induct 
into office with appropriate cere- 
monies; mvest with office in a for- 
mal manner; consecrate; make a 
formal beginning of; initiate, as a 
new policy; celebrate the first pub- 
lic use of by some opening cere- 
mony;, dedicate, as a public building. 

inaugurator (-rat-er), n. one who 
inaugurates, or initiates. 

inauguratory (-to-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to inauguration. 

inauguratrix (-triks), n. a female 
who inaugurates. 

inauspicious (-spish'us), adj. ill- 
omened; unlucky; unfavorable; un- 
fortunate. 

inbeing ('be-ing), n. inherent exist- 
ence; inherence; inseparableness. 

inboard ('bord), adv. and adj. with- 
in the ship; not projecting over the 
bulwarks. 

inbond ('bond), adj. a term applied 
to a brick or stone laid lengthwise 
across a wall. 

inbreed (-bred'), v.t. to breed or de- 
velop within; breed from animals 
closely related. 

Inca (ing'ka), n. the Peruvian em- 
peror, or a member of the royal race 
in Peru (which claimed descent from 
the sun) previous to the Spanish 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INCALCULABLE 



393 



INCIDENT 



conquest under Pizarro, 1531; the 
aboriginal Peruvian race, whose lan- 
guage, called Quichua, is still spoken 
in the Sierra. 

incalculable (in-kal'ku-la-bl), adj. 
beyond calculation. 

incalescence (-kal-es'ens), the state 
of growing warm. Also incalescency. 

incalescent (-es'ent), adj. increas- 
ing in heat. 

■incandesce (-kan-des'), v.t. to cause 
to glow with heat: v.t. to glow with 
heat. 

incandescence ('ens), n. white heat. 
Also incandescency. 

incandescent lamp (lamp), n. a 
lamp in which the light is produced 
by a thin strip of non-conducting 
material contained in a vacuum, and 
heated to incandescence by an elec- 
tric current. 

incantation (-kan-ta'shun), n. a 
magical charm said or sung; en- 
chantment. 

incapacitate (-ka-pas'i-tat), v.t. to 
deprive of capacity or natural pow- 
er; render incapable or unfit; dis- 
qualify; disable. 

incapacity (-ti), n. lack of power, 
physical or mental; legal disqualifi- 
cation. 

incarcerate (-kar'ser-at), v.t. to im- 
prison; confine. 

incarceration (-ra'shun), n. im- 
prisonment; confinement; constric- 
tion, as of a hernia. 

incarcerator ('ser-a-ter), n. one who 
incarcerates. 

incarnate ('nat), v.t. to clothe with 
flesh; embody in flesh: p. adj. em- 
bodied in flesh; flesh-colored. 

incarnation (-na'shun), n. the act 
of clothing with, or of assuming, 
flesh; embodiment in human form; 
a striking exemplification or personi- 
fication; the assumption of human 
nature by the Son of God; the pro- 
cess by which a wound heals by 
being filled with new flesh. 

incase. Same as encase. 

incastellate (in-kas'te-lat), v.t. to 
confine in a dungeon; to imprison. 



incautious (-kaw'shus), adj. want- 
ing in caution; not circumspect; 
unwary. 

incendiarism (-sen'di-a-rizm), the 
act of an incendiary; burning; arson. 

incendiary ('di-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to arson or the malicious burning of 
property; tending to excite passion 
or violence; inflammatory; sedi- 
tious: n. one guilty of arson; one 
who excites passion or violence; a 
seditious agitator. 

incense (in-sens'), v.t. to fire; in- 
flame with anger; provoke; irritate; 
(in'sens), perfume with incense: 
n. any aromatic material which ex- 
hales perfume when burned, especial- 
ly olibanum, the frankincense of the 
Jews, and also of the ancient Greeks 
and Romans; any gratifying odor, 
as of flowers; homage; odor of 
spices and gums burned in religious 
rites. 

incentive (sen'tiv), adj. inciting; 
encouraging: n. incitement; en- 
couragement; motive; spur; stimu- 
lus. 

inception (-sep'shun), n. reception; 
beginning; the formal qualification 
of a master of arts, previous to tak- 
ing his degree. 

incessant (ses'ant), adj. unceasing; 
ceaseless; continuous. 

incest ('sest), n. sexual commerce 
between persons related within the 
prohibited degrees of marriage. 

incestuous (-ses'tu-us), adj. guilty 
of, or involving, incest. 

inch (inch), n. l-12th of a foot; a 
small quantity or degree; a critical 
moment: v.t. to drive by small de- 
grees; deal out sparingly: v.i. move 
slowly. 

inchoate ('ko-at), adj. just begun; 
incipient; elementary; incomplete. 

incidence ('si-dens), n. the direction 
in which a ray of light or heat falls 
upon a surface. 

incident ('si-dent), adj. falling upon, 
as a ray of fight on a reflecting sur- 
face; apt to occur; appertaining; 
occurring accidentally; casual; sub- 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INCIDENTAL 



394 



INCOERCIBLE 




ordinate: n. occurrence; that which 
happens beside the main design; 
casualty; episode; event; accident. 

incidental ('al), adj. casual; sub- 
ordinate: n. something casual or 
subordinate: pi. minor expenses. 

incinerate (-sin'er-at), v.t. to burn 
to ashes. 

incineration (-er-a/shun), n. crema- 
tion. 

incinerator ('er-a-ter), n. a furnace 
or retort for reducing substances to 
ashes. 

incipience (-sip'i-ens), n. incipient 
state; beginning; commencement. 
Also incipiency. 

incipient ('i-ent), adj. beginning to 
be or to appear; initial. 

incise (in-slz'), v.t. to cut, to make 
a gash. 

incision (-sizh'un), n. a cut made 
with a sharp instrument; notch. 

incisive (-si'siv), adj. having the 
quality of cutting into; sharp; 
trenchant; pertaining to the incisor 
teeth; incisorial: n. the incisive 
edge or tooth of the mandible of a 
beetle. 

incisor ('ser), n. a cutting tooth; 
one of the teeth in front of the ca- 
nines in both jaws. 

incisorial (-sor'i-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or having the character of, an in- 
cisor tooth. 

incisory ('so-ri), adj. cutting. 

incite (-sit'), v.t. to move to action; 
stir up; spur on; encourage; impel. 

incitable (in-si'ta-bl), adj. capable of 
being incited to action. 

incitement ('ment), n. an inciting 
cause; incentive; impulse; encour- 
agement. 

incivic (in-siv'ik), adj. deficient in the 
qualities that make for good citizen- 
ship. 

incivility (-si-vil'i-ti), n. [pi. inci- 
vilities (-tiz) ], lack of civility or 
courtesy; impoliteness. 

inclemency (-klem 'en-si), n. [pi. in- 
clemencies (-siz) ], want of- clem- 
ency; severity of temper; stormi- 
ness; adversity. 



inclement Cent), adj. not clement; 
unmerciful; tempestuous. 

inclination (-cli-na/shun) , n. a lean- 
ing; deviation from normal direc- 
tion or position; tendency of the 
mind; disposition; a slope or de- 
. clivity; slant; propensity. 

incline (-kiln'), v.i. to deviate from 
the normal direction or position; 
lean; bow; have a mental bent or 
tendency; be disposed: v.t. to cause 
to lean; direct; bow (as in rever- 
ence or civility); give a tendency 
to; turn; dispose: n. a slope; an 
inclined plane; gradient. 

inclined plane (plan) , n. a plane that 
makes an angle with the plane of 
the horizon; one of the mechanical 
powers. 

inclinometer (-kli-nom'e-ter), n. an 
apparatus for determining the mag- 
netic inclination or dip; a dipping 
needle; clinometer. 

inclose (-kloz'), v.t. to shut in; en- 
compass; surround; put into an 
envelope; put into the same envel- 
ope (with another letter) ; separate 
from common lands by a fence. 

inclosure ('zhtir), n. the act of in- 

, closing, or state of being inclosed, 
especially the act of separating land 
from a common by a fence; that 
which is inclosed; that which in- 
closes, as a fence; something in- 
closed with a letter in an envelope, 
as a bill, check, &c. 

include (-klood'), v.t. to inclose; hold 
as in an enclosure; confine within 
something; comprise or compre- 
hend, as a genus the species. 

inclusion (-kloo'zhun), n. the act 
of including; the state of being in- 
cluded; that which is included. 

inclusive ('siv), adj. inclosing; in- 
cluding; comprehending the ex- 
tremes in the sum, as from Monday 
to Saturday inclusive, i.e., taking in 
both Monday and Saturday. 

incoercible (in-ko-er'si-bl), adj. in- 
capable of being forced or coerced; 
applied also to gases supposed to be 
incapable of liquefaction. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






INCOGNITO 



395 



INCONSEQUENCE 



incognito (-kog'ni-t5), adj. unknown 
or disguised: adv. in disguise; 
under an assumed name: n. a great 
personage who travels under an 
assumed style; the assumption of 
a character or title to avoid recog- 
nition; state of being unrecognized. 
Fern, incognita. 

incoherence (-ko-her'ens), n. want 
of cohesion; looseness; want of con- 
nection; incongruity; inconsequence. 
Incoherency. 

incohesion (-he'zhun), n. want of 
cohesion. 

incombustible (-kom-bus'ti-bl), adj. 
that cannot be consumed by fire: n. 
an incombustible substance. 

income ('kum), n. the gain which 
proceeds from labor, business, prop- 
erty, or capital; annual receipts of 
a person or corporation. 

incommensurability (-kom-men-su- 
ra-bil'j-ti), n. the quality or state of 
being* incommensurable. Also in- 
commensurableness . 

incommensurable ('su-ra-bl), adj. 
having no common measure; having 
no common divisor except unity: n. 
one of two (or more) quantities that 
have no common measure. 

incommensurate (-rat), adj. not 
admitting of a common measure; 
incommensurable; not sufficient in 
measure; inadequate. 

incommode (-kom-od), v.t. to give 
inconvenience or trouble to; dis- 
turb. 

incommiscible (in-kom-mis'i-bl), 
adj. incapable of being mixed. 

incommodious ('i-us), adj. tending 
to incommode; troublesome; incon- 
venient. 

incommunicable (-mu'ni-ka-bl), adj. 
that cannot be communicated or 
told. 

incomparable (-kom'pa-ra-bl), adj. 
not admitting of comparison; un- 
equaled; transcendent; peerless. 

incompatibility (-pat-i-biri-ti), n. 
irreconcilableness. Also incompat- 
ibleness. 

incompatible ('i-bl), adj. incapable 



of harmonious subsistence or com- 
bination; inconsistent; incongruous: 
n.pl. persons or things irreconcilably 
disagreeing with each other. 

incompetence (-kom'pe-tens), n. in- 
ability, physical, intellectual, or 
moral," insufficiency; inadequacy; 
lack of qualification or jurisdiction. 
Also incompetency. 

incompetent ('pe-tent), adj. want- 
ing ability; inadequate; wanting 
qualification or fitness; incapaci- 
tated; inadmissible. 

incomplete (-plef), adj. not fully 
finished or developed; not having all 
its parts; imperfect; defective. 

incomprehensible (-pre-hen'si-bl), 
adj. illimitable; not to be under- 
stood or grasped by the mind; in- 
conceivable. 

incompressible (-pres'i-bl), adj. in- 
capable of being reduced in volume 
by pressure ; resisting pressure. 

inconceivability (-kon-sev-a-bil'i- 
ti), n. the quality of being incon- 
ceivable. 

inconceivable ('a-bl), adj. incapable 
of being conceived or imagined; in- 
credible. 

inconclusive (-kloo'siv), adj. lead- 
ing to no conclusion in evidence or 
argument; unconvincing; reaching 
no definite result in action; ineffec- 
tive; inefficient. 

inconclusively (-li), adv. in an in- 
conclusive manner. 

incondensible (-den'si-bl), adj. in- 
capable of being made more dense or 
compact, or of being reduced to 
liquid form. 

incongruity (-groo'i-ti), n. [pi. in- 
congruities (-tiz)], want of mutual 
fitness; unsuitableness of one thing 
to another. 

incongruous (-kong'groo-us), adj. 
reciprocally disagreeing; unsuited to 
one another; inharmonious; inap- 
propriate. 

inconnu (-kon-nu'), adj. unknown: 
n. an unknown person. Feminine 
inconnue [French]. 

inconsequence ('se-kwens), n. the 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INCONSEQUENT 



396 



INCORRUPTIBLE 



quality of being inconsequent; want 
of logical sequence; inconclusiveness. 

inconsequent (-kwent), adj. not fol- 
lowing from the premises; illogical; 
out of proper relation; irrelevant. 

inconsiderable (-sid'er-a-bl), adj. 
not deserving consideration; unim- 
portant. 

inconsiderate (-sid'er-at), adj. with- 
out consideration; thoughtless. 

inconsiderately (-li), adv. thought- 
lessly. 

inconsistency (-sis'ten-si), n. [pi. 
inconsistencies (-siz)], the quality 
of being inconsistent; incongruity. 

inconsistent ('tent), adj. lacking 
coherence or agreement; discrepant; 
lacking uniformity; self-contradict- 
ing; incongruous. 

inconsolable (-sol'a-bl), adj. not to 
be consoled or comforted. 

inconspicuous (-spik'u-us), adj. not 
easily perceived; so small as to es- 
cape notice; hardly discernible. 

inconstancy ('stan-si), n. change- 
ableness. 

inconstant ('stant), adj. subject to 
change; unstable; variable; fickle; 
capricious. 

incontestable (-test'a-bl), adj. not 
admitting of question or dispute; 
incontrovertible . 

incontinence ('ti-nens), n. lack of 
restraint, especially undue indul- 
gence of the sexual passions; licen- 
tiousness; involuntary discharge. 
Also incontinency. 

incontinent ('ti-nent), adj. unre- 
strained; unchaste: n. an unchaste 
person. 

incontrovertibility (-tro-ver-ti-bh"- 
i-ti), n. the state or quality of being 
incontrovertible . 

incontrovertible (' ti-bl) , adj . not 
admitting of controversy; indis- 
putable. 

inconvenience (-ven'iens), n. want 
of convenience; unfitness; trouble- 
someness; that which incommodes; 
disadvantage. Also inconveniency ; 
v.t. to put to inconvenience; incom- 
mode; annoy; molest. 



inconvenient ('ient), adj. disadvant- 
ageous; inopportune; unfit; inex- 
pedient. 

inconvertibility (-ver-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being inconvertible. 

inconvertible ('ti-bl), adj. incapa- 
ble of being converted into, or ex- 
changed for, something else. 

incorporate (-kor'po-rat), v.t. to 
combine into one body; give a body 
to; embody; unite; associate; unite 
intimately; assimilate; blend; form 
into a corporation recognized by 
law: v.i. to unite with another body 
so as to form a part of it; be mixed 
or blended with: p. adj. incorpo- 
rated; united in one body. 

incorporation (-po-ra'shun), n. com- 
bination; assimilation; mixture; 
formation of a body corporate; a 
corporation. 

incorporator (-ra-ter), n. one who 
incorporates; an original member of 
an incorporated society. 

incorporeal (-po're-al), adj. not cor- 
poreal; immaterial; intangible, and 
existing only in contemplation of 
the law. 

incorrect (-kor-ekf), adj. not accord- 
ing to model or rule; faulty; not 
according to fact; inaccurate; not 
in accordance with morality or good 
manners; improper. 

incorrigible ('ri-ji-bl), adj. bad be- 
yond correction or amendment; ir- 

. reclaimable. 

incorrigibleness (-nes), n. the qual- 
ity of being incorrigible. Also in- 
corrigibility. 

incorrodible (-rdd'i-bl), adj. incap- 
able of being corroded. 

incorrupt (-kor-upt'), adj. free from 
physical or moral taint; unim- 
paired; upright; especially above 
the influence of corruption or 
bribery; honest. 

incorruptibility (-ti-bil'i-ti), n. in- 
capability of corruption. 

incorruptible ('ti-bl), adj. incapa- 
ble of physical corruption, decay or 
dissolution; not liable to moral per- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book hue hut think then. 






INCORRUPTIBLY 



397 



INDECISION 



version or contamination; especially- 
incapable of being bribed. 

incorruptibly (-bli), adv. in an in- 
corruptible manner. 

incorruption (-nip 'shun), n. ex- 
emption from corruption. . 

increase (-kres'), v.i. to become 
greater in any respect; augment; 
multiply; grow; wax, as the moon : 
v.t. to make greater in any respect; 
enhance; aggravate; enlarge: n. 
(in'kres), a growing larger; that 
which is added to the original stock ; 
increment; produce; profit; issue; 
offspring; a waxing, as of the moon. 

incredibility (-kred-i-biri-ti), n. the 
quality of being incredible. Also in- 
credibleness. . 

incredible ('i-bl), adj. surpassing 
belief; hard to believe; unimagin- 
able; inconceivable. 

incredibly (-bli), adv. in an incred- 
ible manner. 

incredulity (kre-du'li-ti), n. the 
quality of being incredulous; scep- 
ticism; disbelief. 

incredulous (-kred'u-lus), adj. hard 
of belief; sceptical; unbelieving. 

increment ^('kre-ment), n. increase; 
augmentation; produce. 

increscent # (-kres'ent), p. adj. in- 
creasing; in heraldry, denoting the 
new moon, with the horns toward 
the dexter side. 

incriminate (-krim'i-nat), v.t. to 
charge with a crime; criminate; ac- 
cuse. 

incrust (in-krusf), v.t. to cover with, 
or as with, a crust; coat; overlay; 
to inlay, as mosaic, so as to form 
a decorative covering. Also encrust. 

incrustate ('at), adj. covered with 
earthy ^ matter;^ growing firmly to 
the pericarp r said of seeds. 

incrustation (-krus-ta'shun), n. a 
crust; covering; an incrusted or in- 
laid object or substance; a covering 
or inlaying of marble, mosaic, &c, 
attached to the masonry. 

incubate ('ku-bat), v.t. to sit upon 
(eggs) to hatch them; hatch out: 



v.i. to brood; in medicine, to go 
through the stage of incubation. 

incubator ('ku-ba-ter), n. one who, 
or that, which, incubates; especially 
an apparatus for hatching eggs arti- 
ficially. 

incubus ('ku-bus), n. [pi. incubuses 
(^ez) incubi (-bi)], the nightmare; 
in the superstition of the middle 
ages, a demon believed to cause 
nightmare, and the birth of de- 
formed children; a heavy weight or 
burden. 

inculcate (-kul'kat), v.t. to impress 
upon the mind by frequent admoni- 
tions. 

inculcator ('ka-ter), n. one who in- 
culcates. 

incumbency (-kum 'ben-si), n. [pi. 
incumbencies (-siz)], the act or 
state of being incumbent; full pos- 
session and exercise of any office; 
state of holding a benefice. 

incumbent ('bent), adj. lying upon; 
imposed as a duty: n. the holder of 
an office; a clergyman in posses- 
sion of a benefice. 

incur (-ker'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. in- 
curred, p.pr. incurring], to become 
liable to, by one's own action; con- 
tract, as a debt. 

incurable (-kur'a-bl), adj. incapable 
of being cured ; beyond the power of 
skill or medicine; irremediable; in- 
corrigible: n. a person diseased be- 
yond cure. 

incursion (in-ker'shun), n. an in- 
road; raid; invasion. 

incurvate (Vat), p.adj. bent inward; 
curved. 

indebted ' (-det'ed), p.adj. being in 
debt; lying under an obligation. 

indecency (-de'sen-si), n. [pi. in- 
decencies (-siz)], want of decency, 
modesty^ or good manners; that 
which is indecent, grossly vulgar, or 
obscene; in law, the public exhibi- 
tion of something indecent. 

indecent < ('sent), adj. violating pro- 
priety in language; behavior, &c; 
immodest ; indelicate; obscene. 

indecision (-de-sizh'un), n. want of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INDECISIVE 



398 



INDETERMINATE 






decision; a wavering of the mind; 
irresolution. 

indecisive (-si'siv), adj. not bring- 
ing to a decision or final issue; in- 
conclusive. 

indeclinable (-kli'na-bl), adj. that 
cannot be declined, or varied by- 
declension: n. a word that cannot 
be declined. 

indecorous (-de-ko'rus), adj. vio- 
lating decorum, or any accepted rule 
of conduct. 

indecorum (-ko'rum), n. violation of 
decorum or propriety; breach of 
etiquette or civility. 

indef atigabili ty (-de-f at-i-ga-bil'i-ti) , 
n. the quality of being indefati- 
gable. 

indefatigable ('i-ga-bl), adj. not to 
be wearied out; not yielding to 
fatigue; unremitting in labor or ef- 
fort. 

indefeasibility (-de-fe-zi-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being indefeasible. 

indefeasible ('zi-bl), adj. not to be 
defeated or made void, as a title. 

indefectible (-fek'ti-bl), adj. subject 
to no defect, failure, or decay. 

indefensible (-fen'si-bl), adj. that 
cannot be defended, maintained, or 
justified. 

indefinable (-fi'na-bl), adj. that can- 
not be defined. 

indefinite (-def'i-nit), adj. not de- 
fined; not precise; vague; having 
no particular limit; large beyond the 
comprehension of man, though not 
absolutely infinite; too numerous or 
variable to be easily counted; inde- 
terminate in logical quantity. 

indefinitely (-li) , adv. to an indef- 
inite degree; without determinate 
limitation. 

indelibility (-del-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being indelible. 

indelible ('i-bl), adj. not to be blot- 
ted out, effaced, or obliterated. 

indelibly (-bli), adv. so as to be in- 
delible. 

indelicacy (-del'i-ka-si), n. [pi. in- 
delicacies (-siz) ], want of delicacy; 



that which is offensive to modesty 
or refined taste. 

indelicate ('i-kat), adj. offensive to 
modesty or propriety; coarse; in- 
decent. 

indemnification (-dem-ni-fi-ka/- 
shun), n. the act of securing against 
loss; reimbursement of loss. 

indemnify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
indemnified, p.pr. indemnifying], to 
secure or insure against loss or dam- 
age; reimburse. 

indemnity ('ni-ti), n. [pi. indemni- 
ties (-tiz) ], security against loss, 
damage, or punishment; compensa- 
tion for loss. 

indent (-dent'), v.t. to make a dent 
or depression in; dent; cut into 
points like teeth; notch; bind out 
by indenture, as an apprentice: n. 
a notch in the margin; a covenant. 

indentation (-den-ta'shun), n. a 
small hollow or depression, as from 
a blow; a dent or dint; a notch or 
recess in a margin. 

indenture ('tiir), n. a covenant or 
deed, formerly in duplicate, with the 
edges notched so as to correspond: 
v.t. to bind by indenture, as an ap- 
prentice. 

independence (-de-pend'ans), n. free- 
dom from support or governance by 
others; a competency; self-reliance. 

Independence Day~ (da), July 4, 
the anniversary of the Declaration 
of Independence, observed as a na- 
tional holiday. 

independency ('en-si), n. independ- 
ence; the principles of the Inde- 
pendents. 

independent Cent), adj. not de- 
pendent, supported by, or governed 
by, another; having a competency; 
not subject to bias or influence; 
free; irrespective: n. one who sup- 
ports measures or men independent- 
ly of any organized party. 

indestructible ('ti-bl), adj. not to 
be destroyed. 

indeterminate (-teVmin-at), adj. 
not determinate, settled, or fixed; 
indefinite; not precise; having an 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INDEX 



399 



INDIGO 



indefinite number of values or solu- 
tions. 

index ('deks), n. [pi. indexes (-ez), 
indices ('di-sez) ], that which points 
out or indicates; an alphabetical 
table of the contents of a book; the 
figure or letter which shows the 
power or root of a quantity; the ex- 
ponent: v.t. provide with an index. 

index-finger (-fing'ger), n. the fore- 
finger. 

Indiaman ('di-a-man), n. [pi. In- 
diamen (-men)], a large vessel 
formerly employed in the India 
trade. 

Indian ('di-an), adj. pertaining to 
the Indies, to the West Indies or to 
the American Indians; made of 
maize or Indian corn: n. an East 
Indian, West Indian or Anglo-In- 
dian; one of the aborigines of Amer- 
ica, or a Red Indian. 

Indian ■ orn (korn), n. a native 
American plant, known as maize. 

Indian-file (-fil), n. single file. 

india-rubber ('di-a-rub'er), n. caout- 
chouc. 

Indian summer (sum'er), n. sum- 
mer-like weather, with calm and ab- 
sence of rain, occurring in autumn. 

Indian yellow (yel'o), n. a bright 
yellow pigment. 

indicant ('di-kant), adj. indicating: 
n. that which points out a remedy 
for a disease. 

indicate ('di-kat), v.t. to point but; 
show; suggest; hint; point out, as 
a remedy. 

indication (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
indicating; that which indicates; 
information; token; evidence; sign; 
symptom. 

indicative (-dik'a-tiv), adj. pointing 
out; bringing to notice; noting that 
mood of the verb which indicates, 
predicates, or affirms : n. the indica- 
tive mood. 

indicator ('di-ka-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, indicates; the part of 
an instrument by which an effect is 
indicated, especially an apparatus* 
for ascertaining and recording the 



variations of pressure or vacuum in 
the cylinder of a steam engine. 

indicatory (-ka-to-ri), adj. serving 
to indicate. 

indict (-dlf), v.t. to charge with a 
crime, by the presentment of a grand 
jury. 

indictable ('a-bl), adj. liable to be 
indicted; punishable. 

indicter ('er), n. one who indicts. 
Also indictor. 

indictment ('ment), n. a written 
accusation against a prisoner pre- 
sented by a grand jury to a court. 

indifference (-dif'er-ens)^ n. the 
state of being indifferent; impartial- 
ity; absence of preference or in- 
terest; unconcernedness; _ unimpor- 
tance; Condition of being indifferent 
in character or quality; mediocrity. 

indifferent _ ('er-ent), adj.^ uncon- 
cerned; unimportant; mediocre; re- 
gardless. 

indigence ('di-jens), n. the state of 
being indigent; poverty; want. Al- 
so indigency. 

indigene ('di-jen), n. a native; 
aborigine. ' 

indigenous (-dij'e-nus), adj. born or 
produced in a country; not exotic; 
not imported; innate; inherent; 
native. 

indigent ('di-jent), adj. destitute; 
needy. 

indigestibility (-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being indigestible. 

indigestible (-jest'i-bl), adj. not di- 
gestible, physically or mentally. 

indigestion (-jes'chun), n. difficulty 
in digesting food; dyspepsia. 

indignant _ (-dig'nant), adj. affected 
with indignation; inflamed with 
mingled anger and disdain. 

indignation (-na/shun), n.- anger at 
what is unworthy, unjust, dishonor- 
able, or base; anger mingled with 
contempt or disgust. 

indignity _ (-dig'ni-ti) , n. [pi. indig- 
nities (-tiz) ], an action intended to 
lower the dignity of another; insult. 

indigo ('di-go), n. a blue dye-stuff 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INDIRECT 



400 



INDUBITABLE 






obtained from the indigo plant by de- 
composition of the glucoside indican. 

indirect (-di-rekf), adj. not straight 
or rectilinear; not directly result- 
ing from a cause; not reaching the 
end aimed at by the most direct 
method; not straightforward or fair. 

indiscreet (-dis-kret), adj. wanting 
in discretion; imprudent. 

indiscretion (-dis-kresh'un) , n. want 
of discretion; imprudence; an im- 
prudent act. 

indiscriminate (-krim'i-nat), adj. 
undistinguishing; promiscuous. 

indispensability (-pens-a-bil'i-ti) , n. 
incapability of being dispensed with. 

indispensable ('a-bl), adj. that can- 
not be dispensed with; absolutely 
necessary. 

indispose (-dis-poz'), v.t. to disin- 
cline; unfit. 

indisposed (-pdzd'), adj. slightly ill 
in health; disinclined. 

indisposition (-po-zish'un), n. slight 
illness; disinclination. 

indisputable ('ta-bl), adj. too evi- 
dent to admit of dispute; unques- 
tionable. 

indisputably (-bli), adv. unques- 
tionably. 

indissolubility (-o-lii-bil'i-ti), n. in- 
capability of being dissolved or lique- 
fied; perpetuity of obligation. 

indissoluble ('o-lii-bl), adj. not dis- 
soluble or dissolvable. 

indistinct (-dis-tingkt'), adj. not 
distinct to the senses or the mind; 
undefined; indefinite; confused. 

indistinguishable (-ting'gwish-a-bl) , 
adj. incapable of being distinguished, 
discriminated, or perceived. 

indite (-dit'), v.t. to compose; write. 

individual (-di-vij'u-al), adj. exist- 
ing as a single indivisible entity; 
pertaining to, or characteristic of, a 
single person or thing: n. a single 
person, animal, or thing. 

individualism (-izm), n. the qual- 
ity of being individual; a social 
system in which each individual 
works for himself alone; the theory 
of government which discounten- 



ances the interference of the state in 
the affairs of the individual. 

individualist (-1st), n. one who 
holds the theory of individualism: 
adj. individualistic. 

individuality (-al'i-ti), n. the con- 
dition of being individual; separate 
or distinct existence; distinctive 
character. 

individuate ('ii-at), v.t. to mark as 
distinct. 

indivisibility (-viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
property of being indivisible. 

indivisible ('i-bl), not separable into 
parts: n. that which is indivisible; 
an element, infinitely small, assumed 
to admit of no further division. 

Indo, a prefix meaning connected 
with India, as /ndo-Chinese, pertain- 
ing to Indo-China. 

indocile (in-dos'il), adj. unteach- 
able; intractable. 

indocility (-do-sil'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being indocile. 

indoctrinate (-dok'tri-nat) , v.t. to 
imbue with learning, principles, or 
doctrines. 

Indo-European (-do-ti-ro-pe'an), adj. 
pertaining to the family of Aryan 
languages extending from India over 
Europe. 

indolence ('do-lens), n. love of 
ease; indisposition to labor; lazi- 
ness; supineness. 

indomitable (-dom'i-ta-bl), adj. un- 
tamable; irrepressible; invincible. 

indoor (in'dor), adj. taking place 
within doors; pertaining to that in 
a house or building. 

indorse (-d6rs'), v.t. to write on the 
back of, as a check, &c; sanction; 
approve. Also endorse. 

indorsee (-e'), n. a person to whom 
a check, &c, is indorsed or assigned. 

indorsement ('ment), n. the act of 
writing on the back of a check, &c. ; 
that which is so written; approval; 
sanction. 

indorser ('er), n. one who indorses. 
Also indorsor. 

indubitable (-du'bi-ta-bl), adj. too 



ate. arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INDUCE 



401 



INEFFICIENT 



evident to be doubted; unquestion- 
able. 

induce (dus r ), v.t. to lead on; in- 
fluence; prevail upon; bring on; ef- 
fect; cause; to infer by induction; 
produce by magnetic or electric in- 
duction. 

inducement (-dus'ment), ft. that 
which induces; motive; in pleading, 
an introductory statement. 

inducible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being induced, caused, or inferred. 

induct (-dukf), v.t. to introduce; 
install into an office; put into pos- 
session of a benefice. 

inductance ('tans), ft. the capacity 
for induction possessed by an active 
electric circuit on itself, or on 
neighboring circuits. 

induction (-duk'shun), ft. the act of 
inducting; the introduction of a 
person into an office; the introduc- 
tion of a clergyman into a benefice; 
the process of discovering and prov- 
ing general propositions from par- 
ticular cases; conclusion drawn 
from a process of induction; elec- 
trical or magnetic influence without 
direct contact. 

inductive ('tiv), adj. proceeding by 
induction; producing induction; 
operated by induction; susceptible 
of being acted on by induction. 

inductive philosophy (fil-os'o-fi), ft. 
the name given by Bacon to ex- 
perimental science, or science found- 
ed on induction. 

inductive science (si'ens), ft. any 
branch of science which admits of 
and employs, the inductive method. 

inductivity (-tiv'i-ti), ft. specific in- 
ductive capacity. 

inductometer (-tom'e-ter), ft. an in- 
strument for measuring the degree 
or rate of electric induction. 

inductor ('ter), n. one who inducts y 
that part of an electric apparatus 
which acts inductively. 

indue (-du')> v.t. to clothe or invest; 
furnish; supply; endow. 

indulge (-dulj'), v.t. to be kind or 



complaisant to; humor; give free 
course to: v.i. to gratify one's self. 

indulgence ('ens), ft. forbearance 
from restraint or control; permis- 
sion; license; gratification; excess; 
forbearance of present payment; 
toleration. 

indulgent Cent), adj. disposed to 
indulge; compliant; showing favor; 
kind. 

induline ('du-lin), n. a coal-tar dye- 
stuff of a dark blue color. Also in- 
dulin. 

indurate ('du-rat), v.i. to grow 
hard: v.t. to make hard; render un- 
feeling or obdurate. 

industrial (-dus'tri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to productive industry. 

industrialism ('tri-al-izm), ft. a 
state of society marked by the pre- 
dominance of industrial pursuits. 

industrially (-li), adv. with refer- 
ence to industry or industrialism. 

industrious ('tri-us), adj. character- 
ized by diligence or industry; hard- 
working. 

industry ('dus-tri), n. [pi. industries 
(-triz) ], steady application to busi- 
ness or labor; productive labor; an 
industrial art; a particular branch 
of work or trade. 

inebriate (-e'bri-at), v.t. to make 
drunk; intoxicate; intoxicate men- 
tally or emotionally: n. an habitual 
drunkard. 

inebriation (-a/shun), ft. intoxication. 

inebriety (-brl'e-ti), ft. intoxication, 
especially habitual drunkenness. 

ineffable (-ef'a-bl), adj. unspeaka- 
ble; inexpressible; too sacred for 
utterance. 

ineffaceable (in-ef-fas'a-bl), adv. that 
which cannot be erased or obliterated. 

ineffective (-ef-ekt'iv), adj. not pro- 
ducing the desired effect; ineffectual. 

ineffectual (-u-al), adj. not produc- 
ing the desired effect; unavailing. 

inefficacy (-ef'i-ka-si), ft. lack of ef- 
ficacy. 

inefficiency (-ish'en-si), ft. incompe- 
tency. 

inefficient Cent), adj. not producing, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INELEGANCE 



402 



INFANCY 



or not capable of producing, the de- 
sired effect; incapable. 

inelegance (-el'e-gans), n. [pi. inele- 
gances (-gan-sez) ], want of any 
quality required by good taste; some- 
thing inelegant. 

inelegant ('e-gant), adj. offensive to 
good taste. 

inelastic (in-e-las'tik), adj. wanting 
in elasticity. 

ineligibility (-el-i-ji-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being ineligible. 

ineligible ('i-ji-bl), adj. unworthy of 
choice; unsuitable; legally disqual- 
ified for choice or election. 

ineligibly (-bli), adv. in an ineligi- 
ble manner. 

ineptly (-ept'li), adv. unsuitably; 
foolishly. 

inequality (-e-kwal'i-ti), n. [pi. ine- 
qualities (-tiz) ], difference, especial- 
ly of rank or station; unevenness; 
changeableness; inadequacy; devia- 
tion of a planet or satellite from its 
uniform mean motion. 

inequitable (-ek'wi-ta-bl), adj. not 
according to equity; unjust. 

inequity ('wi-ti), n. lack of equity; 
injustice. 

inert (-erf), adj. having no power 
of motion or action; .lifeless; slug- 
gish. 

inertia (-er'shi-a), n. lack of activ- 
ity; inertness; sluggishness; that 
property of matter by virtue of 
which it tends to remain at rest, if 
resting, or to move uniformly in a 
straight line, if moving (vis iner- 
tia). 

inestimable (-es'ti-ma-bl), adj. not 
to be estimated; beyond measure or 
price; incalculable; invaluable. 

inevitable (-ev'i-ta-bl), adj. not to 
be evaded; unavoidable. 

inexact " (-egz-akf), adj. not precise, 
correct, accurate, or punctual. 

inexcusable (-eks-ku'za-bl), adj. in- 
capable of being excused; unpardon- 
able. 

inexhaustible (-egs-awst'i-bl), adj. 
not to be exhausted or spent; un- 
failing; unwearied. 



inexorability (-eks-o-ra-bil'i-ti), n. 
incapability of being moved by 
prayers. Also inexorableness. 

inexorable ('o-ra-bl), adj. not to be 
moved by prayers; unyielding; un- 
relenting. 

inexpediency (-pe'di-en-si), n. un- 
suitableness; inadvisability. Also 
inexpedience. 

inexpedient ('di-ent), adj. unsuita- 
ble to circumstances; inadvisable. 

inexpensive (-pen'siv), adj. cheap. 

inexperience (-pe'ri-ens), n. want 
of experience, or of the knowledge 
that comes by experience. 

inexpert (-pert'), adj. unskilled; 
lacking the knowledge or dexterity 
derived from practice. 

inexpiable ('pi-a-bl), adj. that can- 
not be expiated, atoned for, or sat- 
isfied. 

inexplicable ('pli-ka-bl), adj. not to 
be explained, made plain, or intelli- 
gible; not to be interpreted or ac- 
counted for. 

inexplosive (-plo'siv), adj. not liable 
to explode. 

inexpressible (-pres'i-bl), adj. inca- 
pable of being expressed, uttered, or 
described. 

inexpressive (-pres'iv), adj. lackinj 
expression or distinct significance. 

inextensible ('si-bl), adj. that cai 
not be- extended or stretched 

inextinguishable (-ting'gwish-a-bl), 
adj. unquenchable. 

inextricable ('tri-ka-bl), adj. not ex- 
tricable; not permitting extrication; 
not to be freed from intricacy or 
perplexity. 

infallibility (-bil'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being infallible. 

infallible (-fal'i-bl), adj. incapable 
of erring; unerring; certain; un- 
failing. 

infamous ('fa-mus), adj. having 
notoriously bad reputation; odious; 
scandalous. 

infamy ('fa-mi), n. infamous charac- 
ter; public disgrace; ignominy. 

infancy ('fan-si), n. the state of being 
an infant; early childhood; the first 



in- 



: 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INFANT 



403 



INFIDEL 



age of anything; in law, the period 
of life from birth to the age of 
twenty-one. 

infant ('fant), n. a young child; pop- 
ularly a child under two years; in 
law, a person who has not attained 
his, legal majority, or the age of 
twenty-one: adj. pertaining to in- 
fancy or to the legal period of infancy ; 
infantile; incipient. 

Infanta (in-fan'ta), n. a royal prin- 
cess of Spain, formerly also of 
Portugal. 

Infante (in-fan'ta), n. a royal prince 
of Spain, formerly also of Portugal; 
male heir of the Spanish sovereign. 

infanticidal ('ti-sl-dal), adj. pertain- 
ing to infanticide. 

infanticide ('ti-sld), n. the murder 
of an infant born alive; one who 
kills an infant. 

infantile ('fan-til), adj. pertaining 
to infants or infancy; child-like; 
childish. 

infantile-spinal-paralysis (in'fan- 
til-spi'nal-pa-rari-sis), n. common 
name of poliomyelitis, a disease of, 
as yet, unknown origin, affecting 
adults as well as children, and 
sometimes epidemic in various parts 
of the U. S. 

infantry ('fan-tri), n. foot soldiers, 
except engineers and men of the 
army service corps. 

infare ('far), n. a housewarming. 

infatuate (-fat'ti-at), v.t. to make 
extravagantly foolish; to inspire 
with fatuous passion. 

infatuation (-u-a'shun), n. extrava- 
gant folly; fatuous passion. 

infect (-fekf), v.t. to communicate 
some (especially bad) quality to; 
taint, especially with disease, physi- 
cal or moral. 

infection (-fek'shun), n. the act of 
infecting; that which infects; con- 
taminating; taint; communication 
of disease from the sick to the 
healthy; an infectious disease. 

infectious ('shus), adj. communica- 
ble by infection; sympathetic; com- 
municating infection; demoralizing. 



infecundity (-fe-kun'di-ti), n. bar- 
renness. 

infelicitous (-fe-lis'i-tus), adj. un- 
fortunate; unhappy; inappropriate; 
ill-timed. 

infelicity (-lis'i-ti), n. [pi. infelici- 
ties (-tiz) ], misfortune; unhappi- 
ness; inappropriateness; an infelici- 
tous act or expression. 

infer (-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. inferred, 
p.pr. inferring], to derive by induc- 
tion or deduction; accept as a fact 
or consequence; imply: v.i. to con- 
clude. 

inferable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing inferred. 

inference ('fer-ens), n. the act of in- 
ferring; the conclusion; deduction; 
induction. 

inferential (-en'shal), adj. having 
the nature of an inference; deduced 
by inference. 

inferior ('ri-er), adj. lower in place, 
rank, or quality; secondary; subor- 
dinate; between the earth and the 
sun; below the horizon; growing be- 
low another organ: n. one who ranks 
below another; a subordinate. 

inferiority (-ri-or'i-ti), n. lower state 
or quality. 

infernal (-fer'nal), adj. pertaining 
to the Tartarus of the ancients, the 
lower regions, or regions of the 
dead; pertaining to or resembling 
hell; hellish; diabolical; fiendish; 
outrageous. 

infernal machine (ma-shen'), n. an 
apparatus maliciously designed to 
explode to the destruction of life or 
property. 

inferno ('no), n. [pi. inferni ('ne) ], 
a place or position of torment. 

infest (-fesf), v.t. to attack; haunt; 
overrun. 

infidel ('fi-del), adj. rejecting all re- 
ligion; rejecting a religion which 
claims to be divinely revealed, espe- 
cially the Christian religion; mani- 
festing unbelief : n. one who rejects 
Christianity as a divine revelation; 
formerly, a Mohammedan, Jew, or 
heathen. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INFIDELITY 



404 



INFLICT 



infidelity (-del'i-ti), n. [pi. infideli- 
ties (-tiz) ], disbelief in all religion, 
especially disbelief in Christianity; 
breach of trust; violation of the 
marriage contract by adultery. 

infield ('feid), n. in baseball, the 
space within the base line, 30 yds. 
X 30 yds. 

infiltration (-fil-tra/shun), n. the act 
of infiltrating; that which infil- 
trates; morbid condition of an organ 
due to accumulation of substances 
introduced from without. 

infinite ('fi-nit), adj. indefinitely ex- 
tensive; immeasurable: n. the Infi- 
nite Being; the Absolute; the Un- 
conditioned; a quantity greater or 
less than any assignable quantity of 
the same kind; an indeterminate. 

infinitesimal (-fin-i-tes'i-mal), adj. 
infinitely small: n. a quantity less 
than any assignable quantity. 

infinitive (-fin'i-tiv), adj. the term 
applied to that verb-form which 
simply expresses the general sense of 
the verb without limitation to person 
or number: n. the infinitive mood; a 
verb in the infinitive mood. 

infinitude ('i-tud), n. the state of be- 
ing infinite ; unlimited extent ; infinity . 

infinity ('i-ti), n. [pi. infinities (-tiz) ] 
the state of being infinite; un- 
limited extent of time, space, or 
quantity; absolute perfection; an 
infinite quantity. 

infirm (-ferm'), adj. feeble in body 
or health; weak-minded; vacillat-' 
ing; insecure; debilitated; irresolute; 
precarious. 

infirmary ('ma-ri), n. [pi. infirma- 
ries (-riz) ], a hospital for the sick 
and injured. 

infirmity ('mi-ti), n. [pi. infirmities 
(-tiz) ], the state of being infirm; 
debility; imbecility; weakness of 
body or of mind; malady; failing; 
foible. 

infix (-fiks'), v.t. to fix or fasten in; 
implant; insert: (in'fiks) n. some- 
thing infixed; an element equivalent 
to a prefix or suffix inserted in the 
body of a word. 



inflame (-flam'), v.t. to set on fire; 
fire with passion; excite; provoke; 
irritate; put into a state of inflam- 
mation: v.i. to become inflamed. 

inflammability (-flam-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality or state of being inflam- 
mable. 

inflammable ('a-bl), adj. easily set 
on flame; combustible; easily ex- 
cited; excitable. 

inflammation (-a/shun), n. a mor- 
bid process, characterized, when 
external, by pain, redness, heat, and 
swellfng. 

inflammatory ('a-to-ri), adj. tend- 
ing to excite passion, tumult, or se- 
dition; tending to produce, accom- 
panied by, or indicative of, inflam- 
mation. 

inflatable (-flat 'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being inflated. 

inflate (-flat'), v.t. to swell, or distend, 
with air or gas; puff up; elate; 
expand or raise artificially, as prices. 

inflationist (-fla'shun-ist), n. one in 
favor of an increased issue of paper 
money. 

inflator ('ter), n. a mechanical appli- 
ance for producing inflation. 

inflatus (-fla/tus), n. inspiration; 
afflatus. 

inflect (flekf), v.t. bend; turn from 
a direct line; modulate; -vary the 
terminations of ; decline; conjugate: 
v.i. to undergo grammatical change 
of termination. 

inflection (-flek'shun), n. a bend or 
bending; modulation of the voice; 
variation of nouns, verbs, &c., by 
declension and conjugation; diffrac- 
tion of light or heat. Also inflexion. 

inflex (neks'), v.t. to inflect; curve 
inward. 

inflexibility (-fleks-i-bil'i-ti), n. in- 
capability of being bent; stiffness; 
obstinacy. 

inflexible ('i-bl), adj. not to be bent; 
rigid; stiff; not to be moved by 
prayers; inexorable; not to be varied 
or changed; unalterable; stubborn. 

inflict (-flikf), v.t. to cause by, or as 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



INFLORESCENCE 



405 



INGRATITUDE 



if by, striking; cause to be suffered; 
impose as a punishment. 

inflorescence (-flo-res'ens), n. the 
mode or principle of floral arrange- 
ment exhibited by any species of 
plant; a group of flowers arising 
upon a common main axis. 

influence ('flu-ens), n. energy or po- 
tency tending to produce effects in- 
sensibly and invisibly; power arising 
from character or station; electrical 
induction: v.t. to exercise influence 
on, physically or morally. 

influential (-flu-en 'shal), adj. having 
or exerting influence. 

influenza (-fiu-en'za), n. an epidemic 
catarrh accompanied by fever, pains, 
and nervous prostration. 

influx ('fluks), n. an inflow; infusion; 
continuous importation, the point at 
which a stream flows into another 
or into the sea. 

inform (-form'), v.t. to animate; 
mold; instruct; apprise: v.i. to give 
information. 

informal ('al), adj. not according to 
form,, custom, or rule; irregular; un- 
ceremonious; deficient in legal form. 

informality ('i-ti), n. [pi. informali- 
ties (-tiz) ], want of regular, custo- 
mary, or legal form. 

informant ('ant), n. one who gives 
information. 

information (-for-ma'shun), n. com- 
municated knowledge or intelli- 
gence; a suit instituted on behalf of 
the government; a declaration made 
before a magistrate to induce him 
to issue a summons or warrant. 

informer (-form'er), n. one who in- 
forms a magistrate of a violation of 
the law, or sues for a penalty under 
some statute. 

infra, a prefix, meaning below, further 
on, as in/ra-axillary, situated below 
the axil. 

infraction (-frak'shun), n. a viola- 
tion, or breach, especially of law; 
infringement. 

infrangible (-fran'ji-bl), adj. that 
cannot be broken, separated, or 
violated; inviolable. 



infrequence (-fre'kwens), n. the 
state of being infrequent; rareness. 
Also infrequency. 

infrequent ('kwent), adj. seldom 
occurring. 

infringe (-frinj'), v.t. to violate or 
break, as sl law: v.i. to encroach: 
followed by on or upon. 

infuriate (-fu'ri-at), v.t. to enrage; 
madden. 

infuse (-fuz'), v.t. to introduce, as by 
pouring; instil; make an infusion of . 

infusibility (-i-bil'i-ti), n. capability 
of infusion. 

infusible (-fuz'i-bl), adj. capable of 
being infused. 

infusion (-fu'zhun), n. a pouring in, 
or something poured in or mingled; 
instillation, as of good principles; a 
liquid extract obtained by steeping 
a vegetable substance in hot or cold 
water without boiling. 

infusoria (in-fu-so'ri-a), n.pl. term 
applied to certain classes of protozoa. 

ingate ('gat), n. the aperture in a 
mold through which the melted met- 
al enters. 

ingenious (je'nius), adj. having in- 
genuity or inventive skill; clever. 

ingenue (ang-zha-noo'), n. an artless 
girl or young woman; an actress 
who acts such a character in a play. 

ingenuity (in-je-nu'i-ti), n. clever- 
ness in contriving or inventing; skill. 

ingenuous (in-jen'u-us), adj. frank; 
open; sincere; artless; candid. 

inglorious (-glo'ri-us) , adj. without 
glory; disgraceful; shameful. 

ingot ('got), n. a cast mass of metal. 

ingrain (-gran'), v.t. to dye with 
grain or kermes; dye with any deep, 
lasting color; impregnate deeply: 
adj. (in 'gran), dyed prior to being 
manufactured: n. (in'gran), a car- 
pet made of cotton warps and wool 
filling. 

ingratiate (-gra'shi-at), v.t. to in- 
sinuate (one's self) into the favor of 
another; secure favorable reception 
for (with into). 

ingratitude (-grat'i-tud), n. absence of 
gratitude*; insensibility to kindness. 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INGREDIENT 



406 



INJURY 



ingredient (-gre'di-ent), n. a compo- 
nent part of a compound body; part. 

ingress ('gres), n. entrance. 

ingulf. Same as engulf. 

inhabit (-hab'it), v.t. to dwell in; 
occupy as a place of residence: v.i. 
to reside; remain. 

inhabitable ('it-a-bl), adj. fit for 
habitation. 

inhabitance ('it-ans), n. occupancy; 
residence. Also inhabitancy. 

inhabitant ('it-ant), n. one who, or 
that which, inhabits; a permanent 
resident. 

inhabitation (-i-ta'shun) , n. the act 
of inhabiting; continued residence. 

inhalant (-ha'lant), n. an apparatus 
for inhaling; that which is inhaled. 

inhalation (-la/shun), n. the act of 
inhaling; inspiration. 

inhale (-hal'), v.t. to draw into the 
lungs. 

inharmonious (-har-mo'ni-us), adj. 
unmusical; discordant. 

inhere (-her'), v.i. to be fixed or exist 
in something else; be an essential 
part of. 

inherence ('ens), n. the state of be- 
ing inherent. Also inherency. 

inherent Cent), adj. existing insep- 
arably in something else; innate. 

inherit (-herit), v.t. to possess from 
an ancestor by right of succession; 
receive by nature from one's ances- 
tors ; become divinely endowed with : 
v.i. to come into possession of prop- 
erty as the heir. 

inheritance (-ans), n. the act of in- 
heriting; that which is inherited; a 
possession. 

inhibit (-hib'it), v.t. to restrain; pro- 
hibit; interdict; prohibit (a priest) 
from exercising his spiritual func- 
tions. 

inhospitable (-hos'pi-ta-bl), adj. not 
hospitable; affording no shelter; 
barren; cheerless. 

inhuman (-hu'man), adj. cruel: un- 
feeling. 

inhumanity (-man'i-ti), n. [pi. in- 
humanities (-tiz) ], the quality of 
being inhuman; cruelty. 



inhume (-hum'), v.t. to bury; inter. 

inimical (-im'i-kal), adj. hostile; ad- 
verse. 

inimitable ('i-ta-bl), adj. matchless. 

iniquitous (-ik'kwi-tus), adj. wicked; 
unjust. 

iniquity ('kwi-ti), n. [pi. iniquities 
(-tiz) ], wickedness; injustice; un- 
righteousness; crime; evil. 

initial (-ish'al), adj. placed at the 
beginning; incipient: n. a letter 
placed at the beginning of a word, 
&c; pi. the first letters of a per- 
son's name placed separately : v.t. to 
mark with an initial. 

initiate ('i-at), v.t. to instruct in the 
first principles of anything; set on 
foot; bring in; acquaint with mys- 
teries or secrets. 

initiation (-i-a'shun), n. the act of 
initiating; formal admission. 

initiative ('i-a-tiv), adj. introduc- 
tory: n. an introductory or first 
step; power of commencing, espe- 
cially legislative projects. 

initiator ('i-a-ter) , n. one who initiates. 

initiatory ('i-a-to-ri), adj. introduc- 
tory. 

inject (-jekf), v.t. to throw or cast 
in; introduce, as a liquid, by me- 
chanical means. 

injecta (-jek'ta), n.pl. things injected. 

injection (in-jek'shun), n. that which 
is introduced or inserted by me- 
chanical means; an enema. 

injector ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, injects, especially an appa- 
ratus for filling the boilers of steam- 
engines with water. 

injudicious (-ju-dish'us), adj. not 
j udicious ; indiscreet ; unwise . 

injunction (-jungk'shun), n. the act 
of enjoining; that which is enjoined; 
command, order, or precept; a writ 
of equity or prohibition to restrain 
certain proceedings. 

injure Cjur), v.t. to hurt; harm; 
damage, physically or morally. 

injurious (-joo'ri-us), adj. hurtful, 
physically or morally; unjust; det- 
rimental. 

injury ('joo-ri), n. [pi. injuries (-iz) ], 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INJUSTICE 



407 



INQUISITIVE 



that which occasions harm morally 
or physically; detriment; loss; 
damage. 

injustice (-jus'tis), n. the quality of 
being unjust; violation of another's 
rights; injury; wrong. 

inkiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing inky. 

inkling (ling), n. an intimation; 
hint. 

inky, ('ki), adj. consisting of, or like, 
ink; discolored with ink; black. 

inlay (-la/), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. inlaid, 
p.pr. inlaying], to ornament (a sur- 
face) by laying in pieces of ivory, 
wood, metal, &c: n. materials for 
inlaying. 

inlet (-let') i v.t. (p.t. & p.p. inlet, 
p.pr. inletting], to inlay; insert: n. 
(in'let), an- entrance; a small bay 
or creek. 

inmate (in'mat), n. one who inhabits 
a house or institution with others. 

inn (in), n. & house for the reception 
and entertainment of travelers; tav- 
ern; in England, a college of com- 
mon law professors and students. 

innate ('nat), adj. inborn; native. 

innervation (-er-va/shun), n. the ar- 
• rangement of nervous filaments in 
the body; special activity or stim- 
ulus in any part of the nervous sys- 
tem. 

innings ('ings), n.pl. the turn of a 
side or player to bat; lands re- 
claimed from the sea. 

innocence ('o-sens), n. freedom from 
guilt; purity; simplicity ^ of heart; 
harmlessness; mental imbecility. 
Also innocency. 

innocent ('o-sent), adj. free from 
guilt or wrOng-doing; blameless; 
pure in heart and life; weak in in- 
tellect. 

innocuous (-nok'vi-us), adj. harm- 
less. 

innovate ('o-vat), v.i. to make alter- 
ations or changes in something al- 
ready established; introduce new 
things. 

innovator ('o-va-ter), n. one who in- 



troduces, or seeks to introduce, new 
things. 

innoxious (-nok'shus), n. harmless. 

innuendo (-u-en'do), n. [pi. innuen- 
dos, -does (-doz) ], an oblique hint 
or insinuation. 

innumerability (-nu-mer-a-bil'i-ti), 
n. the state of being- innumerable. 
Also innumerableness. 

innumerable ('mer-a-bl), adj. that 
cannot be counted; very numerous. 

innutritious (-trish'us), adj. not af- 
fording nutrition or nourishment. 

inocarpus (-o-kar'pus), adj. having 
fibrous fruit. 

inoculate (-ok'u-lat), v.t. to commu- 
nicate a disease to by the insertion 
of infectious matter into the system; 
graft on by the insertion of buds: 
v.i. to practice inoculation; graft by 
the insertion of buds. 

inoculator ('ter), n. one who inocu- 
lates. 

inodorous (in-o'do-rus), adj. lacking 
odor; having no smell. 

inoffensive (in-of-fen'siv), adj. harm- 
less; not objectionable. ^ 

inoperative (in-op'er-a-tiv), adj. not 
in operation; without effect. 

inopportune (in-op-por-ttin'), adj. 
untimely; out of season; not appro- 
priate. 

inordinate (-or'di-nafc), adj. immod- 
erate; excessive. 

inorganic (-gan'ik), adj. destitute of 
organs; not produced by living or- 
ganisms. Also inorganical. 

inquest ('kwest), n. a coroner's in- 
quiry with a jury into the cause of 
a sudden death from any cause; a 
judicial inquiry. 

inquire (-kwir'), v.i. to seek for or 
after by questions; make inquiry 
(with for, into, after, about). 

inquiry (-kwlr'i), n. [pi. inquiries 
('iz) ], the act of inquiring; search 
by question; investigation; ques- 
tion; research. 

inquisition (-kwi-zish'un), n. in- 
quiry; examination; a judicial in- 
quiry in criminal matters. 

inquisitive (-kwis'i-tiv) , adj. given 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INQUISITOR 



408 



INSOLUBLE 



to asking questions; prying; curious. 

inquisitor ('i-ter), n. one who makes 
inquiries or investigates. 

inquisitorial (-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to an inquisitor or to his 
office; prying. 

inroad ('rod)? n . a hostile incursion. 

insalubrious (in-sa-lu'bri-us), adj. 
unhealthful. 

insane (-san'), adj. mentally de- 
ranged; mad; irrational; very fool- 
ish. 

insanity (-san'i-ti), n. derangement 
of mind or intellect; lunacy; mad- 
ness. 

insatiability (-sa-shi-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being insatiable. 

insatiable ('shi-a-bl), adj. that can- 
not be satisfied or appeased. 

inscribe (-skrib'), v.t. to write or 
engrave upon; address in a formal 
dedication; draw (one figure within 
another.) 

inscription (-skrip'shun) , n. the act 
of inscribing; that which is in- 
scribed; a dedicatory address; entry 
in a roll or register. 

inscrutability (-skr5o-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being inscrutable. 

inscrutable ('ta-bl), adj. not to be 
penetrated by inquiry or reason; 
incomprehensible. 

Insecta (-sek'ta), n.pL a class of ar- 
ticulate animals having 3 pairs of 
legs, 2 pairs of wings, and the body 
divided into 3 segments — head, tho- 
rax, and abdomen. 

insecticide ('ti-sid), n. a powder for 
destroying insects. 

insecure (in-se-kur'), adj. unsafe; 
liable to danger or injury. 

insenescible (in-se-nes'i-bl), adj. in- 
capable of growing old. 

insensate (-sen 'sat), adj. destitute 
of sense or mental perception; soul- 
less; mad; brutish. 

insensible ('si-bl), adj. that cannot 
be felt or perceived mentally or 
physically; heedless; callous; sense- 
less. 

insert (-serf), v.t. to place in or 
among; introduce into. 



insertion (-ser'shun), n. the act of 
inserting; that which is inserted, as 
lace or embroidery in a garment, 
words in writing, &c. 

inset ('set), n. a leaf or leaves in- 
serted in a newspaper, magazine, 
&c: v.t. (in-set') to set in; im- 
plant. 

inshore ('shor), adv. near or towards 
the shore. 

insidious (sid'i-us), adj. treacher- 
ous; deceitful; operating secretly. 

insignia (-sig'ni-a), n.pl. badges of 
honor or office. 

insignificance (-nif'i-kans), n. un- 
importance. Also insignificancy. 

insincere (in-sin-ser'), adj. hypo- 
critical; untrustworthy; deceitful. 

-insinuate ('u-at), v.t. to ingratiate, 
as into the confidence or affections 
of; suggest or hint indirectly; intro- 
duce as by a winding motion; worm 
in : v.i. work one's self into the con- 
fidence or affection of another. 

insinuating (-ing), p.adj. character- 
ized by insinuation; gently gaining 
favor; hinting slyly. 

insinuation _ (-u-a'shun), n. the act 
of insinuating; an indirect or sly 
hint. 

insipid (-sip 'id), adj. without flavor; 
tasteless. 

insipidity . ('i-ti), n. the quality of 
being insipid. 

insist (-sisf), v.i. to urge or press, 
as a wish or command; be persistent 
or peremptory. 

insistence ('ens), n. the act of in- 
sisting. Also insistency. 

insititious (in-si-tish'us), a. inserted 
or ingrafted in an unnatural way, 
as a graft on a foreign stock. 

insobriety (-so-bri'i-ti), n. intemper- 
ance. 

insolence ('so-lens), n. contemptu- 
ous or overbearing language or man- 
ner; offensive impertinence; insult- 
ing behavior. 

insolubility (-sol-u-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being insoluble. 

insoluble ('u-bl), adj. that cannot 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; b56n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INSOLVENCY 



409 



INSTRUCTOR 



be dissolved; not soluble; inexplica- 
ble. 

insolvency ('ven-si), n. [pi. insol- 
vencies t-siz)], the state of being 
insolvent. 

insomnia (-som'ni-a), n. sleepless- 



inspect (-spekf), v.t. to examine 
critically; test officially; superintend. 

inspection (-spek'shun), n. the act 
of inspecting; careful or critical 
scrutiny. 

inspector ('ter), n. one who inspects 
or oversees; an official who superin- 
tends some matter of public inter- 
est; a police officer ranking next 
below a superintendent. 

inspiration (-spi-ra/shun), n. the act 
of drawing air into the lungs; cre- 
ative influence of genius; elevat- 
ing influence derived from associa- 
tion with great minds, scenery, &c. ; 
the supernatural influence of the 
Holy Spirit on sacred writers and 
teachers. 

inspiratory (-spir'a-to-ri), adj. per- 
taining to inspiration. 

inspire (-spir'), v.t. to draw (air) in- 
to the lungs; breathe into; imbue 
with ideas; exhilarate or enliven; 
communicate officially: v.i. to inhale 
air or any other influence. 

inspirit (-spir 'it), v.t. to infuse spirit 
into; animate; exhilarate; cheer. 

inspissate (-spis'at), v.t. to thicken 
by boiling or evaporation. 

instability (-sta-bil'i-ti), n. want of 
stability or firmness; inconstancy; 
fickleness. 

install (-stawl'), v.t. to place or in- 
state in an office or rank. 

installation (-a 'shun), n. the act of 
installing; induction of a minister 
of a non-episcopal church to a 
charge; introduction of machinery 
for use. 

installment ('ment), n. the act of 
installing; payment of part of a 
sum of money due ; one of a number 
of parts of anything produced. 

instance ('stans), v.t. to refer to, 
or offer as an example : n. something 



offered as an illustration or exam- 
ple; earnest solicitation. 

instant ('stant), adj. urgent; imme- 
diate; passing; current: n. a par- 
ticular moment of time; point of 
duration. 

instantaneous (-tan-ta/ne-us), adj. 
acting or occurring in a moment; 
position at a particular moment. 

instanter (-stan'ter), adv. immedi- 
ately. 

instate (-stat'), v.t. to put in office 
or rank. 

instigate ('sti-gat), v.t. to provoke 
or urge on (in a bad sense); incite. 

instigator (-ga'ter), n. one who in- 
stigates. 

instil (-stir), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. in- 
stilled, p.pr. instilling], to insinuate 
gradually, as if by drops; pour in 
by drops. 

instinct ('stingkt), adj. animated; 
stimulated from within: n. natural 
impulse in animals. 

instinctive (-stingk'tiv), adj. acting 
or prompted by instinct ; spontaneous. 

institute ('sti-tut), v.t. to establish; 
set up; fix; originate; set in opera- 
tion; ordain; invest with the spir- 
itual part of a benefice: n. estab- 
lished law; a maxim or principle; 
scientific or literary society: pi. a 
book of laws or principles, especially 
Roman laws. 

institution (-tu'shun), n. the act of 
instituting; that which is instituted 
or established; a corporate body or 
society for promoting a particular 
object; the building where such a 
society meets. 

institutcr ('sti-tu-ter), n. a founder; 
a cleric appointed by the bishop to 
institute a clergyman into a spir- 
itual benefice. 

instruct (-strukf), v.t. to teach; 
educate; furnish with orders or di- 
rections. 

instruction (-struk'shun), n. the act 
of instructing; education; an order, 
&c. 

instructor ('ter), n. one who in- 
structs. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INSTRUMENT 



410 



INTELLECTUALISM 



instrument ('stroo-ment), n. that by 
which anything is effected; a tool 
or implement; a mechanical con- 
trivance for producing musical 
sounds; agent; a writing containing 
the terms of a contract, as a deed. 

instrumentality (-tari-ti), n. [pi. 
instrumentalities (-tiz)], a subordi- 
nate or auxiliary agency; means. 

instrumentation (-ta'shun), n. the 
arrangement of music for a com- 
bination of instruments ; music thus 
arranged; use or method of using 
an instrument. 

insubordinate (-sub-or'di-nat), adj. 
not submitting to authority; muti- 
nous. 

insubordination (-di-na/shun), n. 
the state of being insubordinate.^ 

insufferable (-suf'er-a-bl), adj. in- 
tolerable. 

insular ('sti-lar), adj. pertaining to 
an island, or to the inhabitants of 
an island, their customs, &c; iso- 
lated; narrow. 

insularity (-lar'i-ti), n. the state of 
being insular; narrowness of opin- 
ions, &c. 

insulate ('sfi-lat), v.t. to place alone 
or in a detached situation; separate 
by a non-conductor from other con- 
ducting bodies. 

insulation (-la/shun), n. the act of 
insulating; the state of being in- 
sulated. 

insulator ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, insulates; a non-conductor 
of electricity, heat, or sound. » 

insult ('suit), n. an affront or in- 
dignity; gross abuse in word or ac- 
tion: v.t. (in-sulf) to treat with 
gross indignity, contempt, or abuse, 
by word or act. 

insuperable (-sti'per-a-bl), adj. not 
to be overcome; invincible. 

insurable (-shur'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being insured against loss, dam- 
age, &c; proper to be insured. 

insurance ('&ns), n. the act or sys- 
tem of insuring against loss or dam- 
age; a contract entered into to se- 
cure against loss by fire, &c, by the 



payment of a specified sum; pre- 
mium paid. 

insure (-shur'), v.t. to contract on 
certain conditions to secure against 
loss or damage by fire, &c; make 
sure or secure. 

insurgent (-ser'jent), adj. rising 
against constituted authority: n. a 
rebel. 

insurrection (-rek'shun), n. active 
or open hostility to constituted au- 
thority; rebellion. 

insurrectionary (-a-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, or engaged in, insurrec- 
tion; seditious. 

intact (-takf), adj. entire; uninjured. 

intaglio (en-ta/lyo), n. [pi. intaglii, 
-glios (lye, lyoz)], a gem or stone 
having a design cut in the surface; 
incised carving. 

intake (in'tak), n. that which is 
taken in; opposed to outgo; the 
point in a channel where water 
enters. 

integer* (in'te-jer), n. the whole: a 
whole number: opposed to fraction. 

integral ('te-gral), adj. constituting 
a whole; complete; pertaining to an 
integer: n. the whole made up of 
parts. 

integrant ('te-grant), adj. making 
part of a whole; necessary to con- 
stitute an entire thing. 

integrate ('te-grat), v.t. to bring to- 
gether the parts of; give the sum 
total of: v.i. to pass from a complex 
and unstable state to one relatively 
simple and stable. 

integrity (-teg'ri-ti), n. uprightness; 
virtue; honesty; soundness; unim- 
paired or -unbroken state of any- 
thing. 

integument ('u-ment), n. an exter- 
nal covering or skin. 

intellect ('tel-ekt), n. the mind or 
understanding ; superior intelligence ; 
acquired knowledge. 

intellectual ('tfi-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or apprehended by, the intellect; 
mental; ideal. 

intellectualism (-izm), n. intellec- 
tual power or quality; the doctrine 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INTELLIGENCE 



411 



INTERJECTION 



that all knowledge is derived from 
pure reason. 

intelligence (-tel'i-jens), n. intellec- 
tual capacity; understanding; mind; 
acquired knowledge; notification; 
news. 

intelligent ('i-jent), adj. endowed 
with intelligence or understanding; 
exhibiting knowledge; clever; acute; 
discerning. 

intelligible ('i-ji-bl), adj. capable of 
being understood; clear. 

intemperance (-tem'per-ans), n. 
want of moderation or self-restraint; 
excess, especially in the use of al- 
coholic liquors. 

intemperate ('per-at), adj. charac- 
terized by want of moderation or 
self-restraint; excessive; addicted 
to alcoholic liquors. 

intend (-tend'), v.t. to purpose; 
mean. 

intendant ('ant), n. a superintend- 
ent. 

intended ('ed), n. an affianced lover. 

intense (-tens'), adj. increased to ex- 
cess; strained; forced; ardent; ve- 
hement. 

intensify (-ten'si-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
intensified, p.pr. intensifying], to 
render more intense; heighten. 

intensity ('si-ti), n. [pi. intensities 
(-tiz)l, the state or quality of being 
intense; density, as of a negative 
plate; the force or energy of any 
physical agent. 

intensive ('siv), adj. serving to in- 
tensify; giving force or emphasis to. 

intent (-tent'), adj. having the mind 
strained or closely fixed on a sub- 
ject; anxiously diligent; constantly 
or assiduously directed (with on): 
n. purpose; aim. 

intention (-ten'shun), n. purpose; 
fixed design; end or aim; project. 

inter (-ter)', v.t. [p.t. & p.p. interred, 
p.pr. interring], to bury. 

inter, a prefix meaning between, among. 

interborough (in'ter-bu'ro), adj. exist- 
ing or carried on between boroughs. 

intercalary (-ter'ka-la-ri), adj. in- 



serted in the calendar, as Feb. 29 in 
leap-year. 

intercalate ('ka-lat), v.t. to insert 
between or among. 

intercede (-sed'), v.i. to mediate as 
a friend between persons at vari- 
ance; plead for another; interpose. 

intercept (-sept'), v.t. to stop and 
seize in the way; cut off; obstruct; 
include between two points of a line. 

intercession (-sesh'un), n. the act of 
interceding; mediation; a prayer for 
persons of different conditions. 

intercessor (-ses'er), n. a mediator. 

intercity (in'ter-si'ti), adj. existing 
or carried on between cities. 

intercollegiate (in'ter-kol-le'ji-at), 
adj. between or among colleges; as 
intercollegiate contests, football, etc. 

intercourse ('ter-kors), n. connec- 
tion, correspondence, or communica- 
tion between individuals, nations, 
&c; mutual exchange; familiarity; 
fellowship. 

interdict (-clikf), v.t. to restrain or 
forbid; cut off from the spiritual 
services of the Church. 

interest ('ter-est), v.t. to engage the 
attention; awaken concern in; 
cause to take a share in: n. advan- 
tage; influence; personal concern; 
benefit; profit; premium paid for- 
the use of money. 

interesting (-ing), p. adj. engaging 
the attention or curiosity; exciting 
the feelings or emotions. 

interfere _ (-feV), v.i. to interpose or 
meddle in the affairs of others; op- 
pose; come into collision; act recip- 
rocally so as to modify the result; 
injure the fetlock by striking it with 
the opposite hoof. 

interference ('ens), n. the act of 
interfering. 

interim ('ter-im), n. intervening 
time or perod: adv. in the meanwhile. 

interior (-te'ri-6r), adj. not exterior; 
inner; internal; remote from the 
coast or frontier: n. the inside; the 
inland; home department of a gov- 
ernment. 

interjection (-ter-jek'shun), n. an 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INTERLARD 



412 



INTERSECTION 



exclamation; a word thrown in to 
express sudden emotion, feeling, &c. 

interlard (in-ter-lard'), v.t. to insert 
or inject matter in a discourse not 
exactly germane, but explicatory 
and apropos. 

interleave (-lev), v.t. to insert a 
leaf in: as to interleave a book with 
blank leaves or illustrations. 

interlinear (-lin'e-ar), adj. written 
or printed between other lines, as a 
translation. 

interlocutory (-lok'u-to-ri), adj. con- 
versational; intermediate; not final. 

interloper ('ter-ld-per), n. an in- 
truder. 

interlude ('ter-lud), ft. a short en- 
tertainment given between acts of 
a play, &c; a short instrumental 
passage played between the stanzas 
of a hymn, acts of an opera, &c. 

intermediary (-me'di-a-ri), adj. in- 
tervening: n. an agent; go-between; 
medium. 

intermediate ('di-at), adj. existing 
or lying in the middle; intervening. 

interment ('ment), ft. burial. 

intermezzo (-met'zo), ft. an inter- 
lude. 

intermingle (in-ter-ming'gl), v.t. to 
mix together or among. 

intermission (-mish'un), ft. inter- 
ruption; pause; temporary cessation 
between paroxysms of a disease. 

intermit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
intermitted, p.pr. intermitting], to 
cause to cease for a time; interrupt; 
suspend. 

intern (-tern'), v.t. to confine within 
a town or fortress, or in the inte- 
rior of a country; place under ar- 
rest. 

internal (-ter'nal), adj. pertaining to 
the center; interior; inward; not 
foreign; domestic. 

international (-nash'un-al), adj. 
pertaining to two or more nations 
in common. 

internecine (-ne'sin), adj. mutually 
destructive; deadly. 

interne (in'tern), n. a physician liv- 
ing in a hospital. 



interpellate (-pel'at), v.t. to ques- 
tion. 

interpleader (-pled'er), ft. the dis- 
cussion of a point incidentally oc- 
curring in law. 

interpolate ('po-lat), v.t. to insert 
in a book or writing new or spurious 
matter; corrupt by insertions. 

interpose (-poz'), ■ v.t. to place be- 
tween; thrust in; interrupt: v.i. to 
intercede; come between. 

interpret ^ Cpret), v.t. to explain 
the meaning of; expound; construe. 

interpretation (-ta/shun), n. the act 
of interpreting; explanation. 

interregnum (-reg'num), n. the pe- 
riod between two reigns, govern- 
ments, or ministries; time of abey- 
ance. 

interrogate ('o-gat), _ v.t. to ques- 
tion: v.i. to ask questions. 

interrogation (-ga'shun), ft. the act 
of interrogating; a question; in- 
quiry; a mark (?) denoting a ques- 
tion. 

interrogative (-rog'a-tiv), adj. de- 
noting or containing a question or 
inquiry: ft. a word used in asking a 
question. 

interrogator ('o-ga-ter), ft. one who 
interrogates. 

interrogatory (-rog'a-to-ri), adj. 
pertaining to, or expressing, a ques- 
tion: n. a question in writing put 
to a party to a suit. 

interrupt (-rupf), v.t. to stop or 
hinder by breaking in upon; break 
the continuity of; cause to be de- 
layed; end suddenly. 

interruption ('shun), ft. the act of 
interrupting; hindrance; obstruc- 
tion; intervention; sudden cessa- 
tion. 

intersect , (-sekt'), v.t. to cut or di- 
vide mutually: v.i. to cross each 
other. 

intersection (-sek'shun), ft. the act 
or state of intersecting; place of 
crossing; the point or line in which 
two lines or two planes cut each 
other. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INTERSPERSE 



413 



INTRICACY 



intersperse (in-ter-spers'), v.t. to 
scatter between or among. 

interstellar (-stel'ar), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or situated in, space be- 
tween the stars. 

interstate ('ter-stat), adj. between 
the states. 

interstice ('ter-stis, or -ter'stis), n. 
a narrow space between things close- 
ly set; crevice. 

intertidal (-ti'dal), adj. living be- 
tween high- and low-water mark. 

interurban (in-ter-er'ban), adj. be- 
tween or uniting two or more towns 
or cities. 

interval ('ter-val), n. time or space 
between; distance between two 
given musical sounds. 

intervale ('ter-val), n. a tract of 
low ground situated between hills, 
or by the banks of a river. 

intervene (-ven'), v.i. to come, or 
be situated, between; interpose; in- 
terfere. 

intervention (-ven'shun), n. the act 
of intervening; interposition; medi- 
ation. 

interview ('ter-vu), v.t. to visit, as 
a notable personage, to obtain par- 
ticulars respecting himself or his 
opinions: n. a personal conference 
or meeting. 

intestacy (-tes'ta-si), n. the state of 
dying without a will. 

intestate ('tat), adj. dying without 
having made a valid will: n. one 
who dies without having made a will. 

intestinal ('ti-nal), adj. pertaining 
to, or found in, the intestines. 

intestine ('tin), adj: internal; not 
foreign: n.pl. the bowels; entrails. 

intimacy ('ti-ma-si), n. [pi. intima- 
cies (-siz) ], close or confidential 
friendship. 

intimate ('ti-mat), adf. close in 
friendship; well acquainted; famil- 
iar; confidential; complete: v.t. to 
indicate; make known. 

intimation (-ma/shun), n. an indi- 
rect suggestion or hint; announce- 
ment. 



intimidate (-tim'i-dat), v.t. to make 
afraid. 

intolerable (-tol'er-a-bl), adj. un- 
bearable. 

intolerance ('er-ans), n. want of 
toleration of the opinions or prac- 
tices of others; inability to bear or 
endure. 

intolerant ('er-ant), adj. bigoted; 
unable to bear or endure (with of). 

intonation (-to-na'shun), n. the act 
or manner of sounding musical 
notes; modulation of the voice; act 
of intoning. 

intone (-ton'), v.t. to recite in mono- 
tone. 

in toto (in to'to), adv. entirely; com- 
pletely. 

intoxicant (-toks'i-kant), n. that 
which intoxicates. 

intoxicate ('i-kat), 'v.t. to make 
drunk by spirituous liquors; excite 
unduly. 

intoxication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of intoxicating; extreme excitement. 

intra, a prefix meaning within, _ as 
intramural, within the walls of a city. 

intracellular (in-tra-sel'u-lar), adj. 
within and around a cell. 

intractable (-trak'ta-bl), adj. un- 
manageable. 

intractile ('til), adj. incapable of 
being drawn out; not extensible. _ 

intrados (-tra'dos), n. the interior 
and lower line or curve of an arch. 

intramural. See under intra. 

intransigeant (in-tran-se'ja-ant)^ n. 
a person who is opposed to the exist- 
ing order. 

intransitive ('si-tiv), adj. not pass- 
ing over to or requiring an object: 
said of certain verbs. 

in transitu (-tran'si-tti), on the way. 

intrastate ('tra-stat), adj. within a 
state. 

intrench (in-trench'), v.t. to fortify 
and protect by means of ditches or 
walls. 

intrepid (-trep'id), adj. bold; fear- 
less. 

intricacy ('tri-ka-si), n. [pi. intrica- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



INTRICATE 



414 



INVERSE 



cies (-siz) ], the quality of being in- inundation 

tricate; perplexity. 
intricate ('tri-kat)f adj. entangled or 

involved. 
intrigant (in-tri-ganf), n. one who 

intrigues or plots; a person who 

mixes in private or secret affairs. 
intrigue (in-treg'), v.i. to carry on 



(-da'shun), n. overflow; 
flood. 

inure (-Qr'), v.t. to habituate, or ac- 
custom; toughen. 

in vacuo (vak'u-o), in a vacuum. 

invade (-vad'), v.t. to enter (a coun- 
try) with a hostile army; infringe 
upon; violate. 



a secret plot; engage in clandestine invalid (-varid), adj..oi no force or 



love affairs: n. a secret plot; clan 
destine love affair. 

intrinsic (-trin'sik), adj. pertaining 
to that which is inherent; real; 
genuine. 

intro, a prefix meaning within, into, 
as •m*!rocession, a depression, or sink- 
ing of parts inwards. 

introduce (-tro-dus'), v.t. to con- 
duct or bring in; bring into use or 
notice; bring into acquaintance; in- 
sert. 

introduction (-duk'shun),n.the act of 
introducing; presentation; a preface. 

introductory ('to-ri), adj. serving to 
introduce. Also introductive. 

intronexed (-fleksf) adj. bent in- 
wards. 

intromission (-tro-mish'un), n. in- 
sertion; introduction. 

intromit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. in- 
tromited, p.pr. intromiting], to ad- 
mit; insert. 

introspection (in-tro-spek'shun), n. 
looking inward; examination of one's 
thoughts or motives. 

intrude (-trud'), v.i. to thrust one's 
self in without invitation or wel- 
come: v.t. force in. 

intrusion (-tru'zhun), n. the act of 
intruding; encroachment; unlawful 
entry into vacant lands or tene- 
ments. 

intuition (-tu-ish'un), n. instinctive 
knowledge or feeling; immediate per- 
ception. 

intuitional (-al), adj. pertaining to 
intuition. 

intuitive ('i-tiv), adj. perceived im- 
mediately by the mind. 

inundate (-un'dat), v.t. to fill with 
an overflowing abundance; flood. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



authority; null and void: n. (in'va- 
lid), one who is weak or infirm in 
health; a disabled soldier or sailor: 
v.t. to register as an invalid; affect 
with disease. 

invalidate (-val'i-dat), v.t. to weak- 
en or destroy the force or validity 
of. 

invalidity (-id'i-ti), n. want of legal 
force or argument. 

invaluable (-val'ii-a-bl), adj. price- 
less. 

invariable (-var'i-a-bl), adj. con- 
stant. 

invariably (-bli), adv. constantly. 

invasion (-va'zhun), n. the act of in- 
vading; hostile incursion; encroach- 
ment. 

invective (-vek'tiv), n. a violent ut- 
terance of censure, sarcasm, or 
abuse: adj. abusive. 

inveigh (-va/), v.i. to rail against 
persons or things with vehemence; 
utter censure or reproach; declaim. 

inveigle (-ve'gl), pd. to entice; seduce. 

invent (-vent'), v.t. to find. out by 
original study or contrivance; devise 
or contrive; originate. 

invention (-ven'shun), n. the act of 
inventing; the thing invented; dis- 
covery; creative faculty; concoc- 
tion; fabrication. 

inventive ('tiv), adj. able to invent; 
quick at contriving; ready in ex- 
pedients. 

inventor f'ter), n. one who invents. 

inventory (Ven-to-ri), n. [pi. in- 
ventories (-riz) ], a catalogue or 
list of goods, • furniture, &c. ; ac- 
count: v.t. to draw up an inventory 
or catalogue of. 

inverse (-vers'), adj. contrary in 






INVERSION 



415 



IOD 



•, tendency, direction, or effect; recip- 
rocal; inverted. 

inversion (-ver'shun), n. the act of 
inverting; the state of being in- 
verted; contrary change of order or 
position. 

invert (-vert'), v.t. to turn upside 
down. 

Invertebrata (-ver-te-bra/ta), n.pl. 
one of the sub-divisions of the ani- 
mal kingdom, including those ani- 
mals which have no vertebrae or 
spinal column. 

invertebrate ('te-brat), n. one of the 
Invertebrata: adj. having no back- 
bone; having no force of character; 
weak. 

invest (-vest'), v.t. to place or lay 
out, as money; clothe, as with office, 
authority, or dignity; surround: v.i. 
to make an investment. 

investigate ('i-gat), v.t. to ascertain 
by careful inquiry; search; examine. 

investigation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
of investigating; inquny; search. 

investigator ('ter), n. one who in- 
vestigates. 

investiture ( r ti-tur), n. the act or 
right of giving legal possession; the 
ceremony of inducting a bishop into 
his office. 

investment (-vest'ment), n. the act 
of laying out money productively; 
money so invested; the act of be- 
sieging or blockading. 

investor (-ves'ter), n. one who in- 
vests. 

inveteracy (-vet'er-a-si), n. the state 
of being inveterate. 

inveterate ('er-at), adj. deep-rooted; 
habitual. 

invidious (-vid'i-us), adj. likely to 
provoke ill-will or envy; unpleasant. 

invigorate (-vig'o-rat), v.t. to give 
vigor to; strengthen; animate. 

invincible ('si-bl), adj. unconquer- 
able. 

inviolability (-vl-o-la-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being inviolable. 

inviolable ('o-la-bl), adj. that can- 
not be profaned or injured; un- 
broken. Inviolate. 



invisible ('i-bl), adj. that cannot be 

seen. 

invitation (-vi-ta/shun), n. the act 
of inviting; polite solicitation; the 
words or document by which one is 
invited. 

invitatory (-vl'ta-to-ri), adj. con- 
taining, or using invitation. 

invite (-vlt'), v.t. to ask, solicit, or 
summon; request the presence of; 
persuade; allure. 

inviting ('ing), p.adj. tempting; se- 
ductive. 

invocation (-vo-ka'shun), n. the act 
or form of invoking. 

invoice ('vois), n. a document an- 
nouncing the despatch of goods with 
their prices, quantity, &c: v.t. to 
state or insert in an invoice. 

invoke (-vok'), v.t. to address in 
prayer or supplication; solicit (aid 
or protection). 

involuntary (-vol'un-ta-ri), adj. with- 
out will or choice; not spontaneous. 

involute ('vo-ltit), adj. folded or 
rolled inwards, as certain leaves and 
flowers; coiled spirally: n. a par- 
ticular kind of curve turned inward 
at the margin. 

involution (-lii'shun), n. the act of 
involving or infolding; complica- 
tion; return of an organ or tissue to 
its normal size after distention; the 
process of raising an arithmetical 
or algebraical quantity to a given 
power, as 3 4 = 81. 

involve (-volv'), v.t. to complicate; 
entangle; surround; embroil; result 
as a logical consequence; multiply 
a quantity into itself any given 
number of times. 

invulnerability (-vul-ner-a-bil'i-ti) , 
n. the quality of being invulnerable. 

invulnerable (-vul'ner-a-bl), adj. 
that cannot be wounded or injured; 
without any weak point. 

inwrought (-rawf), p.adj. worked 
in; adorned with figures or patterns. 

io (i'o), n. the peacock butterfly. 

iod, a prefix, indicating the presence 
of iodine. Also iodo. 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IODIC 



416 



IRREPRESSIBLE 



iodic (-od'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
containing, iodine. 

iodine ('o-din), n. a non-metallic ele- 
ment, which, when heated, gives off 
a rich violet vapor. 

ion ('on), n. a substance resulting 
from the decomposition of a body 
by electrolysis. 

Ionian ('o-ni-an), adj. pertaining to 
Ionia, or its inhabitants. Also 
Ionic. 

Ionic order ('ik 6r'der), n. an order 
of classic architecture, characterized 
by the volute, or ram's-horn scroll, 
of its capital. 

iota _ (-o't&), n. the Greek letter (l), 
which from its being used under the 
vowels a, n, w {iota subscriptum) , 
denotes anything small or insignifi- 
cant. 

ipecac (ip'e-kak), n. ipecacuanha. 

ipecacuanha (ip-e-kak-u-an'a), n. 
the root of a South American plant; 
used in medicine. 

ir, prefix meaning not. 

irade (i-ra'de), n. an imperial decree 
[Turkish]. 

Iran (I-ran), n. the official name for 
Persia. 

Iranian (I-ra/ni-an), n. a Persian; 
pertaining to Persia; Iranian lan- 
guages, descriptive of a group of 
kindred languages, such as the 
Zend, Palatine, and Persian. 

irascibility (I-ras-i-bil'Hi), n. qual- 
ity,, of being irascible. 

irascible ('i-bl), n. easily excited to 
anger. 

irate (-rat'), adj. angry; enraged. 

ire (Ir), n. anger; wrath. 

irid, a prefix meaning eye. Also irido. 

iridescence (ir-i-des'ens), n. the ex- 
hibition of colors like those of the 
rainbow. 

iridescent ('ent), adj. exhibiting iri- 
descence. 

iridium (I-rid'i-um), n. a metallic 
element. 

iris ('ris), n. [pi. irises, irides (-sez, 
'ri-dez) ], the pupil of the eye; the 
rainbow. 



iriscope ('ri-skop), n. an apparatus 
for showing the prismatic colors. 

Irish ('rish), adj. pertaining to Ire- 
land, its inhabitants, or language. 

irk (erk), v.t. to weary: v.i. to become 
tired. 

irksome ('sum), adj. tedious; weari- 
some. 

Iron Age (aj), n. the last prehistoric 
age, characterized by the use of 
iron for weapons, &c; the last of 
the four ages of classic mythology. 

ironical (I-ron'i-kal), adj. expressing 
one thing and meaning another. 

ironwood ('ern-wood), n. a name for 
the timber of trees of exceptional 
hardness and durability. 

irony ('ron-i), n. subtle sarcasm; a 
mode of speech conveying the op- 
posite of what is meant. 

irradiance (ir-ra'di-ans), n. the act 
of sending forth luminous rays; 
luster. Irradiancy. 

irradiant (-ant), adj. emitting rays 
of light. 

irradiate ('di-at), v.t. to shed light 
upon; illuminate; brighten: v.i. emit 
rays of light. 

irradicate (-rad'i-kat), v.t. to root 
deeply. 

irrational (ir-rash'un-al), adj. with- 
out reason; absurd. 

irreclaimable (ir-re-klam'a-bl), adj. 
that which cannot be reclaimed. 

irredeemable (ir-re-dem'a-bl), adj. 
impossible of redemption. 

Irredentist (ir-re-den'tist), n. one of 
an Italian political party organized 
about 1877 with the view of re- 
covering the Italian provinces lost 
to Austria. From the phrase Italia 
Irredenta, or "Italy Unredeemed." 

irregular (ir-reg'ti-lar), adj. not con- 
forming to rule; variable. 

irrelevant (ir-rel'e-vant), adj. dis- 
connected; not pertaining to; un- 
related to the subject discussed. 

irreparable (ir-rep'a-ra-bl), adj. not 
capable of repair. 

irrepressible (ir-re-pres'i-bl), adj. un- 
restrainable. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



IRREPROACHABLE 



417 



ISOTHERM 



irreproachable (ir-re-proch'a-bl), adj. 
without blame or reproach. 

irresistible (ir-re-sist'i-bl), adj. not 
to be resisted. 

irresolute (ir-res'o-hit), adj. unde- 
cided; vacillating in purpose. 

irrespective (-re-spek'tiv), adj. re- 
gardless (with of). 

irresponsible (ir-re-spon'si-bl), adj. 
with no responsibility; not account- 
able. 

irreverent (ir-rev'er-ent), adj. want- 
ing in reverence. 

irrevocable (ir-rev'o-ka-bl), adj. not 
to be recalled; final. 

irrigable (ir'ri-ga-bl), adj. capable 
of being irrigated. 

irrigate ('i-gat), v.t. to moisten 
(land) by causing water to flow over 
by artificial means. 

irritability (-i-ta-bil'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity or state of being irritable. . Ir- 
ritableness. 

irritable ('i-ta-bl), adj. easily pro- 
voked to anger; easily stimulated 
to perform some physical function. 

irritant ('i-tant), adj. causing irri- 
tation: n. anything which causes 
irritation. 

irritate ('i-tat), v.t. to provoke or 
make angry; excite heat and red- 
ness in. 

irritation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
irritating; the state of being irri- 
tated; exasperation; vexation; im- 
patience; excitement of muscular 
action by external agency. 

irruption (-rup'shun), n. a bursting 
or rushing in; sudden invasion. 

is, prefix meaning equal. Also iso: as 
isanthous, having equal anthers; 
isothermal, having the same mean 
summer temperature. 

isagon (i'sa-gon), n. a figure with 
equal angles. 

Ishmaelite (ish'ma-el-it), n. a de- 
scendant of Ishmael: hence a social 
outcast. 

isinglass (i'zing-glas), n. a white 
semi-transparent substance prepared 
from the sounds or air-bladders of 
the sturgeon, cod, &c. 



Islam (is'lam), n. the Mohammedan 
religion; the whole body of Moham- 
medans and the countries where the 
religion of Mohammed is professed. 

island (i'land), n. a tract of land 
surrounded by water; anything re- 
sembling an island. 

isle (II), n. an island [poet.]. 

islet (I'let), n. a small island. 

ism (izm), n. a system or theory. 

iso, prefix. See is. 

isobar (I'so-bar), n. a line which 
connects places on the earth's sur- 
face having the same atmospheric 
pressure at the sea level. 

isochromatic (-kro-mat'ik), adj., hav- 
ing the same color. 

isochronous (-sok'ro-nus), adj. oc- 
curring in equal times. 

isoclinal (-so-kli'nal), adj. having the 
same dip or inclination. 

isodynamic (-di-nam'ik), adj. having 
equal force. 

isogeothermal (-je-o-ther'mal), adj. 
noting imaginary lines connecting 
places on the earth's surface which 
have the same mean annual tem- 
perature. 

isolate ('so-lat), v.t. to place alone; 
place in a detached situation; insu- 
late; obtain in an uncombined 
form. 

isolation (-la/shun), n. the state of 
being isolated. 

isomeric (-mer'ik), adj. having the 
same elements in the same propor- 
tions, but with different physical 
characteristics. 

isometric (-met'rik), adj. having 
equality of measure. 

isomorphism (-mor'fizm), n. the 
quality of having the same crystal- 
line form, but of varied elements. - 

isosceles (-sos'e-lez), adj. having 
equal sides. 

isostasist (I-so-stas'ist), n. a student 
of isostatics. 

isostatics (I-so-stat'iks), n. science 
dealing with theories of the earth's 
equilibrium. 

isotherm ('so-therm), n. an imag- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, £Aen. 



ISRAELITE 



418 



IZZARD 



inary line connecting places having 
the same mean temperature. 

Israelite (iz'ra-el-it), n. a descendant 
of Israel; a Jew. 

issue (ish'Q), n. the act of passing 
or flowing out; egress; that which 
flows or passes out; discharge; flux; 
publication; offspring; lineal de- 
scendants; produce of the earth; 
profits of land, &c; essential points 
in pleading or debate; result. 

isthmian (ist'mi-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to an isthmus. 

isthmus ('mus), n. a neck of land 
connecting two larger portions.. 

it (it) pr. the neuter pronoun of the 
third person, and having the same 
plural (as they, them). 

Italian (i-tal'ylin), adj. pertaining 
to Italy, its inhabitants, or lan- 
guage. 

Italic ('ik), adj. pertaining to Italy; 
noting a slender, sloping kind of 
type (italic): used for emphasis, 
&c: n.pl. italic type. 

italicize ('i-siz), v.t. to write or 
print in italics. 

Italiote ('i-ot), n. a Greek inhabi- 
tant of Italy. 

itch (ich), n. a parasitic cutaneous 
disease causing great irritation; a 
constant and teasing desire. 

item (I'tem), n. a separate article or 
particular; a newspaper paragraph: 
adv. also. 



itemize (i'tem-iz), v.t. to set forth 
in detail; to give the items. 

iterate (it'er-at), v.t. to repeat. 

iteration (-a/shun), repetition. 

itineracy (I-tin'er-a-si), n. the prac- 
tice of itinerating. 

itinerancy ('er-an-si), n. a passing 
from place to place, especially in 
the discharge of some official func- 
tion, as by a judge on circuit, a 
preacher, &c. 

itinerant ('er-ant), adj. passing from 
place to place: n. one who itinerates. 

itinerary ('er-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or done on, a journey; traveling 
from place to place: n. a traveler's 
guide or route-book; a diary of a 
journey; plan of a projected ex- 
cursion. 

itinerate ('er-at), v.i. -to travel from 
place to place. 

ivory ('vo-ri), n. the hard, bony, 
white dentine which forms the tusks 
of the elephant, walrus, &c: adj. 
made of, or like, ivory. 

ivory palm (-pam), n. the palm 
from which the ivory nuts used in 
turning as an imitation for ivory 
are obtained. 

ivorytype (-tip), n. a particular kind 
of phonographic picture with an 
ivory-like surface. 

izzard (iz'ard), n. ancient term for 
the letter *. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



J 



J, the tenth letter of the English alpha- 
bet, and its latest addition; formerly 
another way of writing the letter I. 

jabber' ('er), v.i. to talk rapidly and 
indistinctly; chatter. 

jacal (ha-kal'), n. a native Mexican 
dwelling made of thin poles covered 
with mud. 

jacinth (ja'sinth), n. hyacinth; a 
red variety of zircon. 

jack (jak), n. a pike; in bowls, a 
small ball serving as a mark to be 
aimed at; the male of some animals; 
a leather cup or jug; timber cut 
short of its usual length; a flag 
used for signaling; the knave of 
cards; a leathern coat of mail; a 
name applied to various kinds of 
levers or mechanical labor-saving 
appliances, as a jack-screw, roast- 
ing-jack, &c: v.t. to lift with a 
jack; give up. 

jackal ('awl), n. a dog-like carniv- 
orous animal which hunts in packs; 
one who does base work for an- 
other. 

jackanapes ('a-naps), n. a conceited 
or upstart fellow. 

jackass ('as), n. the male ass; don- 
key. 

jackboots Cbootz), n.pl. large boots 
reaching above the knee. 

jackdaw ('daw), n. a glossy species 
of crow. 

jacket ('et), n. a short tailless coat: 
a covering to prevent radiation of 
heat: v.t. to clothe with a jacket; 
beat. 

Jack Ketch (jak-ketch'), n. a public 
hangman, from an individual of that 
name who occupied that office under 
James II. 



jackknife (jak'nff), n. a large pocket 
knife, commonly a boy's knife. 

jack-snipe (jak'snip), n. a small snipe, 
also called sandpiper. 

Jacobite (jak'o-bit), n. one of the 
adherents to the cause of James II. 
and his descendants. 

Jacquard ('kard), n. a loom for 
weaving patterns invented by Jac- 
quard, a Frenchman. 

jade (jad), n. a tired or worn-out 
horse; a vicious woman: a young 
woman (contemptuously or humor- 
ously); a silicate of magnesia and 
lime of green color: formerly much 
used for ornaments. 

jag (jag), n. a notch; projecting 
point; denticulation ; a small load; 
a condition of partial intoxication. 

jager, n. German light infantryman. 

jaguar (-gwar'), n. a fierce animal 
of South America, resembling the 
leopard; the American tiger. 

jail (jal), n. a prison; a bridewell. 

jammer (jam'er), n. an improved 
apparatus for loading logs on sleds 
and cars by horse power. 

jamb (jam), n. one of the upright 
sides of a doorway, window-opening, 
or fireplace. 

jangle (jang'gl), v.i. to quarrel or 
wrangle; sound discordantly: n. a 
discordant sound; wrangle; alterca- 
tion; chatter. 

janissary (jan'i-sa-ri), n. [pi. janis- 
saries (-riz) ], formerly the foot- 
guard of the Turkish sultans. Also 
janizary. 

janitor ('i-ter), n. a door-keeper. 

January (jan'u-a-ri), n. the first 
month in the year, from the Latin 
god, Janus. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(419) 



' ■■■■ 



JAPAN 



420 



JEREMIAD 



Japan (ja-pan'), n. an empire com- 
prising several large islands off the 
coast of China, part of Manchuria, 
Korea, and the island of Formosa. 
Japan is the name given by the 
Chinese, Nippon being the Japanese 
word. 

japan (ja-pan'), n. work varnished 
and lacquered after the Japanese 
style of ornamentation; a kind of 
varnish: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. japanned, 
p.pr. japanning], to cover, varnish, 
or lacquer, with japan; make black 
and glossy. 

Japanese (jap-a-nez'), adj. pertain- 
ing to Japan, its inhabitants, or lan- 
guage. 

Japanesque (-nesk'), adj. resembling 
the Japanese style of art. 

japonica (-pon'i-ka), n. the name of 
various species of Japanese plants. 

jardiniere (zhar-din-yar'), n. an or- 
namental flower-stand of porcelain 
or metal. 

jargon (jar'gon), n. confused, unin- 
telligible talk; a mixture of two or 
more languages; the peculiar phrase- 
ology of a party, sect, &c. 

jashawk (jas'hawk), n. a young, or 
eyas, hawk. 

jasmine ('min), n._ a plant of the 
genus Jasminum with fragrant flow- 
ers. 

jasper ('per), n. an opaque, many- 
shaded variety of quartz : when pol- 
ished it is made into a variety of 
ornamental articles. 

jaundice (jan'dis), n. a disease char- 
acterized by yellowness of the eye- 
balls, skin, &c, caused by biliary de- 
rangement: hence a mental condi- 
tion in which everything appears in 
a prejudiced form. 

jaunt (jant; jont), n. a short excursion 
or ramble: v.i. to roam or ramble; 
take a short excursion. 

jaunty ('i), adj. airy; gay; showy. 

Java (ja'va), n. the largest island of 
the Dutch East Indies. 

Javanese (jav'a-nez), adj. pertaining 
to Java, its inhabitants, or language. 

javelin (lin), n. a light spear. 



jazz (v. or adj.), negro term for speed- 
ing up, as in music. 

jealous (jel'us), adj. full of, or char- 
acterized by, jealousy; anxiously 
suspicious or watchful. 

jealousy (-i), n. suspicious fear or 
watchfulness, especially the fear of 
being supplanted by a rival. 

jean (jen), n. twilled undressed cot- 
ton cloth. 

jeer (jer), v.t. to scoff at; ridicule: 
v.i. to speak in a derisive or sarcas- 
tic manner: n. a scoff; derision: pi. 
tackle by which the lower yards of a 
vessel are hoisted or lowered. 

Jehovah (je-ho'va), n. Lord God of 
the Hebrews. 

jehu ('hii), n. one fond of driving, 
especially fast driving (2 Kings, ix. 
20); coachman. 

jejune (-jun'), adj. empty; void of 
interest. 

jejunum (-ju'num), n. [pi. jejuna 
('na) ], that portion of the small in- 
testines between the duodenum and 
ileum. 

jelly ('i), n. [pi. jellies ('iz) ], the 
stiffened gelatinous juice of fruit, 
meat, &c, after boiling; any semi- 
transparent soft gluey substance: 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. jellied, p.pr. jelly- 
ing], to turn to, or become, jelly. 

jemmy ('i), n. [pi. jemmies ('iz) ], a 
short crowbar used by burglars. 
Also jimmy. 

jennet (jen'et), n. a small Spanish 
horse. Also genet. 

jenny ('i), n. a machine for spinning; 
used in composition for female, as 
jenny-wren, jenny-ass, &c. 

jeopard (jep'ard), v.t. to expose to 
loss or injury; hazard. Also jeopar- 
dize. 

jeopardy (-i), n. hazard; peril. 

jeered (-ed'), n. a javelin, used in 
Turkey and Persia in mock battles; 
a game played with jereeds. Also 
jerid. 

jeremiad (-e-mi'ad), n. lamentation, 
especially over modern degeneracy: 
from the Book of Lamentations of 
Jeremiah. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



I 



JERK 



421 



JINGO 



jerk (jerk), v.t. to give a sudden pull, 
twist, or push to; throw with a 
sudden quick movement; cut into 
long strips and dry in the sun, as 
beef: n. a sudden quick pull, twist 
or push; spasmodic movement; 
jerked beef; charqui. 

jerkin ('in), n. a short coat or jack- 
et; close waistcoat; gyrfalcon; 
young salmon. 

jerry (jer'i), adj. constructed hastily, 
and of bad materials, as a jerry-built 
house. 

Jersey (jer-zi), adj. pertaining to the 
Isle of Jersey, or to its breed of cat- 
tle: n. a close-fitting thick woolen 
shirt; fine yarn wool; of or pertain- 
ing to New Jersey. 

jess (jes), n. a leathern strap fastened 
to the leg of a hawk, to which the 
leash is attached. 

jesse (jes'e), n. a large branched can- 
dlestick used in churches; symboliz- 
ing the genealogical tree of Jesse 
and of Jesus Christ. 

jester (er), n. a person given to jest- 
ing, sportive talk and merry pranks; 
a joker; a buffoon; a merry-an- 
drew; a person formerly retained 
by princes to make sport for them. 

Jesuit (jez'ti-it), n. a member of the 
Roman Catholic Society of Jesus, 
founded by Ignatius Loyola, 1534. 

Jesuitic (-ti-it'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or resembling, the Jesuits, their 
principles and practices. 

Jesuit's bark (bark), n. cinchona. 

jetsam ('sam), n. that part of a 
ship's cargo which is thrown into 
the sea to lighten the vessel in case 
of peril: opposed to flotsam. Also 
jetsom, jetson. 

jettison ('i-sun), n. the act of throw- 
ing goods overboard to lighten a ves- 
sel in case of peril: v.t. to throw 
overboard to lighten a vessel. 

jetty ('i), n. [pi. jetties ('iz) ], a 
structure extending into the water, 
used as a pier, mole, or wall, to re- 
strain or direct currents; projection 
of a building: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. jettied, 
p.pr. jetting], to put out or project. 



Jew (joo), n. an Israelite; Hebrew. 
Fern. Jewess. 

jewel ('el), n. a valuable ornament; 
gem; previous stone; anything of 
great value or dear to one: v.i. to 
adorn with, or as with, jewels; fur- 
nish with jewels. 

jeweler ('er), n. one who makes or 
deals in jewels. 

jewelry ~ ('ri), n. jewels collectively; 
the art or trade of a jeweler. 

Jewish ('ish) adj. pertaining to the 
Jews, their language, customs, &c. 

Jewry ('ri), n. Judaea; a district in 
a city inhabited by Jews; ghetto. 

jib (jib), n. a large triangular sail 
projecting beyond the bowsprit; the 
projecting arm or beam of a crane; 
a jibbing horse: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
jibbed, p.pr. jibbing], to move rest- 
lessly backwards or sideways: said 
of a horse. 

jib-boom ('boom), n. a spar beyond 
the bowsprit, on which the jib is set. 

jibe. Another form of gibe. 

jiffy (jif'i), n. an instant. 

jigger ('er), n. one who jigs; a name 
for various mechanical contrivances 
and appliances; another form of 
chigoe. 

jig-jog ('jog), n. a jolting motion. 

jill (jil), n. a young woman; sweet- 
heart; the female of a ferret. 

jilt (jilt), n. a coquette or flirt: v.t. 
to encourage (a lover) and then dis- 
card him: v.i. to play the jilt; prac- 
tice deception in love. 

jimmy (jim'i), n. a burglar's tool. 
See jemmy. 

jimson-weed (jim 'sun-wed), n. stra- 
monium. 

jingle (jing'gl), n. a sharp tinkling 
metallic sound; a little bell or rat- 
tle; meaningless rhyme; a covered 
two-wheeled Irish car: v.i. to sound 
with a jingle. 

jingo ('go), n. [pi. jingoes Cgoz) ], 
one of a party of Conservatives who 
at the time of the Russo-Turkish 
War of 1877-78, wished Great Brit- 
ain to go to war with Russia : named 
from a popular song of the day. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



JINGOISM 



422 



JOKER 



jingoism (-izm), n. the jingo mili- 
tary spirit. 

jinn, n. pi. spirits taking earthly forms. 

jinnee (jin'e), n. [pi. jinn (jin) ], the 
good and evil spirits of Mohamme- 
dan mythology which sometimes as- 
sume human shape. Also genie, jin, 
jinn, djinnee. 

jinrikisha (-rik'i-sha), n. a small 
Japanese two-wheeled carriage, 
drawn by one or more men. Also 
jinriksha. 

jitney n. an Americanism, meaning 
five cents; a nickel. 

jitney-bus n. an automobile convey- 
ing passengers over established routes 
for which a low fare is charged ; gen- 
erally five cents. 

jiu-jitsu (ju-jit'soo), n. a system of 
wrestling among the Japanese; lit- 
erally, "muscle-breaking." 

jobber (job'er), n. a middleman, es- 
pecially one who acts as agent be- 
tween a stock-broker and the public; 
one who transacts public business 
for his own private interests. 

jobbery ('er-i), n. [pi. jobberies 
(-iz) 1, low intriguing for private ad- 
vantage or political ends. 

job-lot (job-lot'), n. a collection of 
various articles thrown together for 
sale in one lot. 

jockey (jok'i), n. [pi. jockeys ('iz) ], 
one who rides a horse in a race; 
groom; a dealer in horses; cheat: 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. jockeyed, p.pr. jock- 
eying], to cheat or deceive; jostle 
against by riding unfairly. 

jocose (jo-kos'), adj. sportive; hu- 
morous. 

jocosity (-kos'i-ti), n. the quality of 
being jocose. 

jocular (jok'u-lar), adj. making jokes. 

jocund ('und), adj. jovial; sportive; 
gay- 

jocundity (-un'di-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being jocund. 

jodel, v.t. to warble. 

John Bull (jon bool'), n. a popular 

- name for an Englishman. 

John Chinaman (jon chi'na-man), 



n. name applied^by Americans to a 
Chinese. 

John Doe (jon do'), n. a term used 
in law forms prior to the discovery 
of the true name; the feminine term 
corresponding being "Jane Doe." 

johnny-cake (-kak), n. a flat maize 
cake, mixed with milk or water, 
quickly prepared at an ordinary fire. 

join (join), v.t. to unite; connect; 
associate; add or annex; to unite in 
marriage: v.i. to adhere; be in con- 
tact; be associated or in unity with: 
n. a joint or union. 

joinder ('der), n. in law, the coupling 
of two or more causes of action into 
the same declaration. 

joiner ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, joins, especially an artisan 
who finishes the woodwork for 
houses, &c. 

joinery ('er-i), n. joiner's work. 

joint (joint) n. the place where two 
or more things join; articulation of 
limbs; node or internode; hinge; a 
fissure dividing rock masses into 
blocks; one of the larger pieces into 
which a carcass is cut up; a place of 
low resort; as, an opium joint: adj. 
produced by the action of two or 
more; united in or sharing: v.t. to 
form with, or unite by, joints; cut 
or divide into joints, as meat. 

joint-runner (joint'run'er), n. a 
piece of rope saturated with wet 
clay wrapped about a joint in an 
iron pipe preparatory to calking. 

joint-stock company (-stok kum'pa- 
ni), n. 2b company the stock or cap- 
ital of which is divided into trans- 
ferable shares. 

jointure ('tur), n. landed estate or 
tenements settled on a woman in 
consideration of her marriage, to be 
enjoyed by her after th3 death of 
her husband: v.t. to settle a jointure 
upon. 

joist (joist), n. a horizontal timber to 
whichVthe boards of a floor or laths 
of a ceiling are fastened: v.t. to fur- 
nish with joists. 

joker ('er), n. a jester; an extra 



ate, arm, ask, at, awL; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, £Aen. 



JOLLIFICATION 



423 



JUDICATURE 



card, the highest trump card at 
euchre. 

jollification (jol-i-fi-ka/shun), n. 
merry-making. 

jollity ('i-ti), n. the state of being 
jolly. 

.jolly-boat (-bot), n. a ship's small 
boat. 

jolt (jolt), v.t. to shake by sudden 
jerks: v.i. to have a jerky motion: 
n. a sudden jerk. 

Jonah (jo'na), n. name of a Biblical 
character in proverbial bad luck. 
Hence a person supposed to carry 
bad luck with him. 

jonquil Ckwil), n. a bulbous plant 
with fragrant flowers. Also jon- 
quille. 

joss (jos), n. a Chinese god or idol. 

jostle ('1), v.t. to push against; elbow. 

joule (joul), n. the unit of electrical 
force in the centimeter-gram-second 
system. 

journal (jer'nal), n. a record of news 
or events; diary; a book in which 
particular transactions are entered 
from the day-book; a ship's log- 
book; the bearing part of the shaft 
of a machine. 

journalism (-izm), n. newspaper or 
periodical literature; the influence 
exercised by such literature; the pro- 
fession of a journalist. 

journalist (-ist), n. an editor, or 
contributor to a journal or newspa- 
per; one who keeps a journal. 

journalistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to journals, journalists, or jour- 
nalism. ** / 

journey (jer'ni), n. passage from one 
place to another; a day's work or 
travel: v.i. to travel from one place 
to another. 

journeyman (-man), n. [pi. journey- 
men (-men) ], a mechanic who has 
served his apprenticeship. 

joust (joost), n. a mediaeval mock 
combat with blunted lances between 
two mounted knights: v.i. to engage 
in such a combat. 

jovial (jov'i-al), adj. convivial; 
merry. 



joviality ('i-ti), n. conviviality; mirth. 

jowl (joul), n. the jaw or cheek; head 
of a fish. 

joyful ('fool), adj. full of joy. 

joy-ride ('rid), n. term for the reck- 
less, unauthorized use of an auto- 
mobile, usually by the chauffeur. 

jubilant (joo'bi-lant), adj. express- 
ing exultation; triumphant. 

jubilate ('bi-lat), v.i. to express ex- 
ultation. 

jubilation (-la/shun), n. a shouting 
for joy s ; declaration of triumph. 

jubilee ('bi-le), n. a Jewish festival 
celebrated every 50th year, to com- 
memorate the deliverance of the Is- 
raelites from Egyptian bondage; the 
50th anniversary of any event; a 
year of special indulgence granted 
by the Pope every 25th year. 

Judaean (-de'an), adj. pertaining to 
Judaea, &c. 

Judaic (-da/ik) adj. pertaining to 
the Jews. Also Judaical. 

Judaize (-Iz), v.i. to conform to the 
rites and doctrines of the Jews: v.t, 
bring into conformity with Judaism. 

Judaism (da'izm), n. the religious 
rites and doctrines of the Jews; con- 
formity to Jewish rites and doc- 
trines. 

judge (juj), n. the presiding official 
in a court of law, having authority 
to hear and determine civil and 
criminal causes; arbitrator; connois- 
seur; one of the chief rulers of the 
Israelites from the death of Joshua 
to the kingship of Saul: v.t. to ex- 
amine and pass sentence upon; dis- 
tinguish; consider: v.t. to come to a 
conclusion by comparison and con- 
sideration; hear and determine a 
case, and pass sentence. 

judgment ('ment), n. the act of 
judging; a judicial decision; mental 
faculty of deciding correctly by the 
comparison of facts and ideas; pen- 
etration; intelligence; criticism; 
opinion; punishment inflicted by 
God; the final trial of mankind by 
God (with the)) judgment-day. 

judicature ('di-ka-tur), n. a court of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note north, not' boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 






w 



JUDICIAL 



424 



JURIDICAL 



justice; power of dispensing justice 
by legal trial and judgment. 

judicial (-dish'al), adj. pertaining to 
courts of justice or to the adminis- 
tration of justice; proceeding from, 
or inflicted by, a court of justice; 
impartial. 

judiciary ('i-a-ri), adj. pertaining to 
courts of justice; passing judgment: 
n. judges collectively; that branch of 
a government concerned with the ad- 
ministration of civil and criminal law. 

judicious ('us) , adj. prudent ; discreet. 

Juggernaut (jug'er-nawt),*n. a name 
of Krishna, a god of the Hindus, 
whose image was borne on a car 
during certain ceremonial rites, un- 
derneath whose wheels his devotees 
threw themselves to be crushed. 

juggle (jug'l), v.t. to cheat by arti- 
fice: v.i. to conjure: n. a trick by 
sleight of hand; imposture. 

jugglery ('lef-i), _ ni, [pi. juggleries 
(-iz) ], legerdemain; imposture. 

jugular ('ii-lar), adj. pertaining to 
the neck or throat or jugular vein: 
n. a jugular vein. 

juice (joos), n. sap; the fluid parts 
of animal bodies. 

jujube ('joob), n. a kind of lozenge; 
the edible fruit of a shrub. 

julep ('lep), n. a drink composed of 
brandy or whisky sweetened and 
flavored; a mixture of sugar and 
water serving as a vehicle for ad- 
ministering medicine. 

Julian ('lian), adj. pertaining to 
Julius Caesar, or to the Julian cal- 
endar as adjusted by Julius Caesar 
46 B.C.: replaced by the Cregorian 
year (New _Style) in England, 1752. 

julienne (zhoo-li-en'), n. a clear meat 
soup with chopped carrots, &c. 

July (joo-li'), n. seventh calendar 
month, named from Julius Caesar's 
birth in that month. 

jumble (jum'bl), n. a confused mass; 
a kind of thin cake: v.t. to mix in a 
confused mass; throw together with- 
out order: v.i. to mix or unite con- 
fusedly. 

jumble-sale (jum'bl-sal), n. a charity 



sale of second-hand articles; also 
called a rummage sale. 

jumbo ('bo), n. a huge person or 
animal. 

jumboism (jum'bo-izm), n. admira- 
tion of things on account of mere 
bigness. 

jumper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, jumps; a name applied to 
certain religious sects who practice 
dancing under religious excitement; 
a hooded Arctic fur jacket. 

junction (jungk'shun), n. the act of 
being joined; union; a point or place 
of union. 

juncture ('tur), n. the point or line 
at which two bodies are joined; 
joint; articulation; particular or 
critical occasion. 

June (jiin), n. the sixth month of the 
year, so named from Juno, spouse 
of JoVe. 

jungle (jung'gl), n. a dense tropical 
thicket of forest trees, brushwood, 
tall grasses, &c. 

junior (joon'yer)j adj. younger; of 
lower standing; pertaining to youth: 
n. the younger of two; one of lower 
standing. 

juniority (-yor'i-ti), n. junior state. 

juniper (joo'ni-per), n. a shrub, the 
berries of which are used in flavor- 
ing gin. 

junk (jungk), n. short pieces of old 
cable, rope, &c, used for making 
mats, oakum, &c; salt ship beef; 
a Chinese flat-bottomed vessel. 

junker (jung'ker) n. German military 
enthusiast. 

junket (jung'ket), n. a preparation 
of curds and cream; a variety of 
sweetmeat; excursion; picnic: v.i. to 
participate in an excursion or picnic. 

junta (jun'ta), n. a legislative assem- 
bly or council. 

junto ('to), n. [pi. juntos ('toz)J, a 
secret council of state; faction; ca- 
bal. 

jupon (joo'pon), n. a petticoat. Also 
jupe. 

juridical (-rid'i-kal), adj. pertaining 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



boon, 



JURISCONSULT 



425 



JUXTATERRESTRIAL 



to law, judicial proceedings, or juris- 
prudence. 

jurisconsult (-ris-kon'sult), n. a 
jurist. 

jurisdiction (dik'shun), n. legal au- 
thority; extent of power; district 
over which any authority extends. 

jurisprudence (-proo'dens), n. legal 
science; system of laws of a country. 

jurist ('rist), n. one skilled in legal 
science. 

juror ('rer), n. a juryman. 

jury ('ri), n. a body of men, usually 
. twelve, selected according to law and 
sworn to inquire into or decide on 
the evidence before them ; a commit- 
tee of experts selected to award 
prizes, &c, at a public exhibition, 
&c. 

jury-mast (-mast), n. a temporary 
mast. 

jus (jus), n. a right that may be le- 
gally enforced. 

justice (jus'tis), n. the quality of be- 
ing just; rectitude in dealing with 
others; impartiality; a judge or 
magistrate. 

justiciary (-tish'i-a-ri), n.' [pi. jus- 
ticiaries (-riz)l, a judge. 

justifiable ('ti-fi'a-bl), adj. defensible. 

justification (-ka/shun), n. the act 



of justifying; vindication or defense; 
the act of acceptance of a man by 
God as justified by the merits of 
Jesus Christ. 

justify ('ti-fi); v.t. [p.t. & p.p. justi- 
fied, p.pr. justifying], to show or 
prove to be just or right; vindicate; 
pardon; accept and treat as just on 
the ground of faith and repentance: 
v.i. to conform to each other by 
proper spacing, as lines of type. 

jut (jut), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. jutted, p.pr. 
jutting], project beyond the main 
body. 

Jute (joot), n. a member of one of 
the low Germanic tribes that in- 
vaded England during the fifth and 
sixth centuries. 

jute (joot), n. the fiber of an East 
Indian plant used for ropes, bag- 
ging, mats, &c. 

juvenescence (joo-ve-nes'ens), n. a 
growing young. . 

juvenile (Ve-nil), adj. youthful; 
characteristic of, or suitable to, 
youth: n. a young person, 

juxta, a prefix meaning near, as juxta- 
position. 

juxtaterrestrial (juks'ta-te-res'tri-al) , 
a. relating to the ocean bed not 
far from the land. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




K 



K, the eleventh letter of the English 
alphabet. 

Kaaba (ka'ba), n. the shrine at Mec- 
ca towards which all Mohammedans 
turn when praying. 

Kaffir (kaf'er), n. any member of one 
of the Bantu tribes of South Africa ; 
the Kaffir language; one of a non- 
Mohammedan race of Northern Af- 
ghanistan; an infidel. Also Kafir, 
KafTre, Caffre. 

kafir-corn (kaf'ir-korn), n. a form 
of fodde "-grass bearing a general 
resemblance to maize. 

kaiser (ki'zer), n. the title of the em- 
perors of Germany and Austria. 

kale (kal), n. a cabbage with open 
curled leaves; sea-kale. Also kail. 

kaleidoscope (ka-li'do-skop), n. an 
optical instrument which by an ar- 
rangement of mirrors causes objects 
viewed through it to appear in a 
variety of symmetrical and beautiful 
patterns. 

kalendar, kalends. See calendar, &c. 

kali (kale), n. a species of glass- 
wort, the ashes of which are used in 
glass manufacture; caustic potash; 
a Persian carpel* 

kalif. Same as caliph. 

Kalmuck (kal'muk), adj. pertaining 
to the Western Mongols, or to their 
language. 

kami (ka'mi), n. a Japanese title 
equivalent to English Lord. 

Kanaka (ka-na'ka), n. a Sandwich 
Islander. 

kangaroo (kang-ga-roo'), n. a her- 
bivorous marsupial mammal peculiar 
to Australia, having short fore legs 
and long powerful hind legs, with 
which it leaps. 



kaolin (ka/o-lin), n. china or porce- 
lain clay. 

karat. Same as carat. 

karyo, a prefix meaning nucleus, oc- 
curring in various scientific words. 

katakana (kat-a-ka'na), n. the square 
style of writing of the Japanese. 

kayak (ka'yak), n. an Eskimo seal- 
skin canoe. Also kaiak, kajak. 

keckle (kek'l), v.t. to preserve (a 
rope, &c.) from chafing by a cover- 
ing of canvas, &c. 

kedge (kej), n. a light anchor used in 
warping: v.t. to warp. 

keel (kel), n. the chief and lowest 
timber of a vessel extending from 
stem to stern and supporting the 
whole frame: hence a ship; a low, 
flat-bo 1 ttomed coal-barge; the lowest 
petals of the corolla of a papiliona- 
ceous flower; carina: v.t. to furnish 
with a keel: v.i. turn up the keel; 
give up. 

keel-boat ('bot), n. a large covered 
freight boat. 

keelhaul ('hawl), v.t. to drag under 
water beneath the bottom of a ship 
from one side to the other : formerly 
a naval punishment; reprimand 
sternly. 

keelson ('sun), n. a beam or timber 
laid on the middle of the floor tim- 
bers over the keel of a vessel to 
strengthen it. Kelson. 

keen (ken), adj. sharp; eager; pierc- 
ing; bitter; acute: n. a shrill bitter 
wail [Irish]. 

keeping ('ing), n. care; custody; 
charge; subsistence; harmony; con- 
gruity. 

keepsake ('sak), n. something kept 
as a souvenir of the giver. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n, 
book; hue. hut; think, then. 

(426) 



KEEVE 



427 



KILOGRAMME 



keeve (kev), n. a large vat or tub. 

keg (keg), n. a small barrel. 

kelep (kel'ep), n. a Guatemalan ant 
which feeds on insects, and which 
has been imported into the South- 
ern United States to prey on the 
cotton-boll- wee vil . 

kelp (kelp), n. the calcined ashes of sea- 
weeds, from which iodine is obtained; 
a large coarse seaweed or wrack. 

kelpie (kel'pi), n. a malevolent water- 
sprite, supposed to take the form 
of a horse. 

Kelt. Same as Celt. 

kemp (kemp), n. coarse rough hair 
or wool; refuse of fur. 

ken (ken), n. view; knowledge: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. kenned, p.pr. kenning], 
to know; descry [Scotch]. 

kendal ('dal), n. a coarse green cloth. 

kennebecker (ken-e-bek'er), n. a' 
hand-bag used for carrying clothes 
by Maine lumbermen. 

kennebunker (ken-e-bungk'er), n. 
same as kennebecker. 

kennel ('el), n. a house for a dog or 
pack of hounds; lair of a fox; street 
gutter; vile lodging: v.t. to confine 
in a kennel: v.i. to live in a kennel. 

keno (ke'no), n. a game of chance 
played with numbered balls and 
cards. 

kepi (kep'i), n. a military cap with 
a straight vizor. 

keratin (ker'a-tin), n. the principal 
constituent of hair, nails, and horn. 

keratoscope (ker'a-to-skop), n. an 
instrument to detect departure from 
normal form of the cornea of the 
eye. 

kermes (ker'mez), n. the dried bodies 
of a cochineal insect {Coccus ilicis), 
furnishing a scarlet dye; an oxysul- 
phide of antimony of a deep cherry 

- color; a festival or fair. 

kermess (ker'mes)^ n. a feast or 
banquet in the open air. 

kern (kern), n. the overhanging part 
of a type. 

kernel ('el), n. a grain or seed; the 
edible substance of a nut or fruit 
stone; essence. 



kerosene ('o-sen), ». refined petro- 
leum. 
kerosene-engine (ker'o-sen-en'jin), 

n. a gas ' engine using kerosene as 
fuel. 

Kerry ('i), n. an Irish breed of cattle. 

kersey ('zi), n. a coarse smooth-faced 
cloth. 

kerseymere (-mer), n. cassimere. 

ketchup ('up), n. a sauce prepared 
from tomatoes, mushrooms, &c. 
Also catsup and catchup. 

kettle (ket'l), n. a metallic vessel 
for boiling liquids. 

kettledrum (-drum), n. a hemi- 
spherical copper drum; afternoon 
tea party. 

keynote ('not), n. the fundamental 
note; ruling principle. 

keystone ('ston), n. central stone of 
an arch. 

khaki (ka'ki), n. a fight drab-col- 
ored cloth. 

khedive (ke-dev'), n. the official title 
of the Viceroy of Egypt. 

kibosh (ki-bosh', or ki-bosh'), n. a 
word having several rather vague 
meanings, applied in particular to 
the cement used to finish archi- 
tectural sculptures; and, more gen- 
erally, in a slang phrase implying 
to finish off or get the better of a 
person; also used as a verb. 

kick-out (kik'out), n. a kick made 
by a football player after a safety 
or touch-back. 

kickshaw ('shaw), n. something fan- 
ciful or out of the way; a delicacy. 

kidnap ('nap), v.t. to get forcible 
and illegal possession of (human be- 
ings, especially children). 

kidney ('ni), n. [pi. kidneys ('niz)], 
one of two oblong flattened organs 
which separate the urine from the 
blood; anything resembling a kid- 
ney; sort or kind. 

kilerg (kil'erg), n. a unit of energy 
= 1,000 ergs. 

kiln (kil), n. a furnace, oven, or pile 
for burning, drying, or hardening. 

kilogramme ('o-gram), n. 1,000 
grammes == 2.2046 lbs. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



KILOLITER 



428 



KNAPSACK 



kiloliter (4e'tr), n. 1,000 liters = 
220 imperial gals, (about). 

kilometer (-me'tr), n. 1,000 meters 
= 3,280.8 feet. 

kilt (kilt), n. a short petticoat or 
philibeg of the Scottish Highland- 
ers, v.t. to form into broad, flat 
plaits; tuck up [Scotch]. 

kmono (ki-mo'no), n. thtfloose outer 
robe of the Japanese. 

kindergarten (kin'der-gar-ten), n. 
a school for young children in which 
they are taught by diverting object 
lessons, &c. 

kindle (kind'l), v.t. to set fire to; in- 
flame. 

kindliness (kind'li-nes), n. kindly 
disposition. 

kindly ('li), adj. [comp. kindlier, 
swperl. kindliest], benevolent; sym- 
pathetic; beneficial; natural: adv. 
in a kindly manner. 

kindred (kin'dred), adj. of like na- 
ture or character; cognate: n. rela- 
tionship by birth or marriage; con- 
sanguinity. 

kinemacolor (kin'e-ma-kul'er), n. 
a moving picture produced in 
natural colors. 

kinematics (kin-e-mat'iks), n. the 
science of pure motion. 

kinetic (ki-net'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or imparting, motion; active: 
n.pl. that branch of dynamics which 
treats of the action of forces in 
causing or influencing motion. 

kinetograph (-ne'to-graf), n. an ap- 
paratus for taking photographs of 
moving objects and afterwards re- 
producing them on a screen, as if in 
actual motion. 

kinetophonograph (ki-n e-to-f o 'no- 
graf), n. a combination of phono- 
graph and kinetograph to reproduce 
the voices of the actors along with 
the moving pictures. 

kinetoscope (kin-et'o-skop), n. a 
machine for producing pictures with 
moving figures. 

kingdom ('dum), n. the territory 
ruled by a king or queen; royal au- 



thority; sphere of influence; primary 
division. 

kingfisher (-er), n. sl fish-eating bird 
with bright blue and green or slate- 
blue and white plumage. 

kink (kingk), n. sl twist in a rope or 
thread when doubled; whim: v.t. & 
v.i. to form kinks. 

kinnikinic (kin-i-ki-nik'), n. sl kind 
of tobacco smoked by the American 
Indians, made of the leaves of the 
sumac, willow, &c. 

kinsfolk (kins'fok), n. relatives. 

kiosk (ki-osk'), n. a Turkish open 
pavilion or summer house. 

kip (kip), n. the untanned skin of a 
calf or small cattle. 

kipper ('er), n. a salmon after spawn- 
ing; a salmon, herring, &c, cut 
open, salted, and smoke-dried: v.t. 
to cure, as a salmon. 

kirk (kerk), n. sl church; the Church 
of Scotland (with the) [Scotch]. 

kirtle (ker'tl), n. an upper garment; 
petticoat: v.t. to array in a kirtle. 

kismet (kis'met), n. fate; destiny. 

kit (kit), n. sl small wooden tub; a 

small violin; traveling necessaries, 

outfit, &c; set; a large bottle; a 

., family or brood. 

kitcat (kit'kat), n. sl portrait 28 x 36 
in. showing half the length. 

kitchen (kich'en), n. sl room set 
apart for cooking; ship's galley: adj. 
pertaining to the kitchen. 

kitchenette (kich-en-ef), n. sl small 
kitchen in apartment houses or 
studios. 

kite-meteorograph (kit'me'te-o-ro- 
graf), n. an apparatus to be carried 
on a kite to secure records of meteor- 
ological conditions in the upper 
atmosphere. 

kith (kith), n. acquaintance. 

kitten (kit'n), n. sl young cat. 

kleptomania (klep-to-ma'ni-a), n. a 
form of insanity manifesting itself 
in an irresistible propensity to steal. 

knack (nak), n. adroitness; dexterity. 

knacker ('er), n. sl horse-slaughterer; 
dealer in worn-out horses. 

knapsack (nap'sak), n. a leather or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






KNAVE 



429 



KNOWLEDGE 



cloth traveling case carried on the 
back. 
knave (nav), n. a dishonest or de- 
ceitful person; a court-card with the 
figure of a soldier or servant. 

knavery ('er-i), n. [pi. knaveries 
(-iz) ], dishonesty; fraud; deceit. 

knead (ned), v.t. to work into a mass, 
as dough; operate upon in massage; 
mold. 

knee-breeches Cbrich-ez), n.pl. 
breeches reaching just below the knee. 

kneecap ('kap), n. a flattened oval 
bone on the forepart of the knee- 
joint; patella. Also kneepan. 

kneel (nel), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. knelt, 
p.pr. kneeling], to bend, or fall 
upon, the knees. 

knell (nel), n. the sound of a bell 
when struck, especially a funeral 
bell; an ill omen: v.t. & v.i. to sound 
or toll, as a funeral bell. 

Knickerbocker (nik'er-bok-er), n. a 
descendant of one of the early Dutch 
settlers of Manhattan. 

knickerbockers (nik'er-bok-erz), n. 
pi. wide breeches gathered in below 
the knee. 

knickknack ('nak), n. a little orna- 
mental trifle; kickshaw. 

knife (nlf), n. [pi. knives (-nivz) J, 
a cutting instrument with a sharp- 
edged blade set in a handle: v.t. to 
stab with a knife. 

knight (nit), n. one who holds non- 
hereditary rank next below a baro- 
net, entitling him to the prefix Sir; 
in mediaeval times, one of gentle 
birth, who, after serving as an es- 
quire, was admitted by certain cere- 
monies to military rank; a cham- 
pion; lover; one of the pieces of 
chess: v.t. to confer the honor in 
knighthood upon. 

knightage ('aj), n. knights collec- 
tively. 

knight-errant (-er'ant), n. [pi. 
knights-errant], in the Middle Ages, 
a knight who went in quest of ad- 
venture, to show his prowess, 
chivalry, &c. 



knight-errantry (-tri), n. the prac- 
tices or customs of knights-errant. 
knighthood ('hood), n. the charac- 
ter, rank, or dignity, of a knight. 
Knight Templar (nit-tem'plar), n. 
one of a military order established 
in the 12th century for the defense 
of the Temple in Jerusalem. One 
belonging to a certain rank or 
degree in Masonry. 

knit (nit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. knitted, 
p.pr. knitting], to" tie, unite, or draw 
together; weave together by needles; 
contract. 

knob (nob), n. the rourided handle of 
a door, &c; round protuberance; 
knoll. 

knobby ('i), adj. full of knobs. 

knock (nok), n. a blow or stroke 
Vith something hard or heavy; rap: 
v.t. to give a blow to; drive or strike 
against: v.i. to strike a blow with 
something hard or heavy. 

knock-out ('out), n. a mechanical de- 
vice for throwing out finished work; 
a knock-down blow ending a fight. 

knoll (nol), n. a rounded hillock; 
hilltop. 

knop (nop), n. an architectural orna- 
ment of clustered leaves and flowers: 
button. 

knot (not), n. an interweaving or 
tying of thread or cord, &c; any- 
thing resembling a knot; entangle- 
ment; difficulty; a hard part in a 
piece of wood; part of a tree where 
the branches shoot out; a division 
of a log-line (each 47.42 ft.); a 
nautical mile — 2,025 yds. 

knotting ('ing), n. a kind of lace 
work; a paint of red lead, &c, for 
protecting metal. - 

knotty J?i), adj. [comp. knottier, 
superl. knottiest], full of knots; 
rugged; difficult. 

knout (nout), n. a leathern whip 
formerly used as a punishment in 
Russia: v.t. to punish with the 
knout. 

knowledge (nol'ej), n. clear percep- 
tion of a truth or fact; erudition; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awlf me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



KNUCKLE 



430 



KUTCH 



skill from practice; acquaintance; 
information. 

knuckle (nuk'l), n. the projecting 
joint of the fingers; the knee-joint 
of a calf or pig: v.i. to bend the 
fingers; yield or submit. 

knur (ner), n. a hard. knot or pro- 
tuberance. Also knurl. 

kobold (ko'bold), n. a dwarf goblin 
or sprite frequenting houses, mines, 
and caves. 

kodak ('dak), n. a portable camera 
for taking instantaneous photo- 
graphs: v.t. to take an instanta- 
neous picture of. 

kohl (kol), n. powdered antimony, 
used in the East for imparting 
luster to the eyes. 

kohlrabi ('ra-bi), n. a variety- of 
cabbage. 

koniscope (kon'i-skop), n. an appa- 
ratus for determining the amount of 
dust contained in the air. 

kopeck. Same as copeck. 

kopi (ko'pi), n. an African peasant. 

kopje (kop'ye), n. a hillock [South 
Africa]. 

Koran. See Alcoran. 

kosher (ko'sher), adj. applied to 
meat prepared according to the 
Hebrew ordinances; meaning pure, 
clean, undefiled. 

koto (ko'to), n. a Japanese musical 
instrument, somewhat resembling 
the zither. 

koumiss (koo'mis), n. a spirituous 
beverage made by the Tartars 
from ferinented mare's milk. Also 
kumiss. 



kowtow (ko-iou'), n. a Chinese form 
of salutation from an inferior to a 
superior by touching the ground 
with the forehead: v.i. salute by the 
kowtow. Also kotow. 

kraal (krawl), n. an African village 
consisting of a group of huts sur- 
rounded by a palisade; a single 
hut; a sheepfold, or cattle-pen. 

kraken (kra'ken), n. a sea-monster 
said to have been seen off the Nor- 
wegian coast. 

kremlin (krem'lin), n. a Russian 
citadel, especially that of Moscow. 

kreutzer (kroit'ser), n. an Austrian 
copper coin = Yi of a cent ; former- 
ly a German coin = % of a cent. 

kriegspiel (kreg'spel), n. a military 
game with blocks to represent the 
various sections of an army as if in 
actual warfare. 

krone (kro'na), n. [pi. kroner ('ner) J, 
a coin (crown) current in Teutonic 
and Scandinavian countries = 27 
cents. 

Ku-Klux-Klan (koo-kluks-klan'), n. 
a secret order established during the 
days of Reconstruction, to safe- 
guard person and property. 

kummel (kem'el), n. a German and 
Russian liqueur, flavored with cara- 
way seeds, 

kummeter (ko'me-ter), n. an ap- 
paratus for measuring the long 
ethereal waves used in wireless teleg- 
raphy. 

kutch (kuch), n. the packet of vellum 
leaves in which gold is placed to be 
beaten. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



I 



L 



L, the twelfth letter in the English 
alphabet. 

laager Cger), n. an extemporized 
camp for defense, formed with wag- 
ons, &c: v.t. to protect by a laager 
[South Africa]. 

label (la'bel), n. a small slip of 
paper, &c, attached to anything to 
indicate its destination, ownership, 
&c; codicil; a projecting molding: 
v.t. to mark with, or affix, a label; 
classify. 

labial (la/bi-ai), adj. formed by the 
lips: n. a letter representing a 
sound so formed. 

labiate ('bi-at), adj. lipped. 

labile (lab'il), adj. susceptible of 
being readily changed or modified; 
also referring to a method of apply- 
ing electricity by moving the elec- 
trodes back and forth over the affec- 
ted part. 

labiodental (-o-den'tal), adj. formed 
by the lips and teeth. 

labiomental (la/bi-5-men'tal) , adj. 
having reference to the lips and chin. 

labionasal (-na/zal), adj. formed by 
the lips and nose. 

labium ('bi-um), n. [pi. labia (-a) ], 
a lip or lip-like organ. 

laboratory (lab'or-a-to-ri), n. [pi. 
laboratories (-riz) ], a place where 
scientific experiments and operations 
are carried on. 

Labor Day, n. a holiday observed in 
the United States in recognition of 
the dignity of labor, falling on the 
first Monday in September of each 
year. 

laborious (la-bo'ri-us), adj. difficult; 
toilsome. 

labrus (la'brus), adj. thick lipped. 



laburnum (la-ber'num), n. an orna- 
mental tree with pendent yellow 
flowers. 

labyrinth (lab'i-rinth), n. a series of 
intricate winding passages : from the 
structure made in Crete by Daeda- 
lus; a maze; inexplicable difficulty; 
the winding cavities of the internal 
ear ; a series of troughs through 
which ore slime is passed and the 
metallic particles deposited. 

lac (lak), n. a resinous^ substance 
formed on certain trees "by an in- 
sect (Carteria lacca); the inspis- 
sated sap of various trees: the 
sum of 100,000 rupees = $50,000 
(about) . 

lace (las), n. an ornamental fabric 
of fine linen, cotton thread, gold or 
silver, &c, curiously woven; a cord 
used for binding or fastening: v.t. 
to fasten with a lace; adorn with 
lace; beat. 

lacerate (las'er-at), v.t. to rend; 
wound. 

lachrymal ('ri-mal), adj. pertaining 
to tears. 

lachrymose ('ri-mos), adj. tearful; sad. 

lack (lak), v.t. to be destitute of: 
v.i. to be in need; to be deficient; 
come short: n. want; failure. 

lackadaisical (-a-da/zi-kal), adj. af- 
fectedly pensive or sentimental. 

lackey ('i), n. a menial attendant; 
footman: v.t. to wait upon, as a 
lackey: v.i. act servilely. 

laconic (-kon'ik), adj. expressing 
much in few words. Also laconical. 

lacquer (lak'er), n. a varnish con- 
sisting of shellac dissolved in alco- 
hole and variously colored: v.t. to 
varnish with lacquer. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 

book; hue, hut; think, then. 

431) 



LACROSSE 



432 



LAMELLI 



lacrosse (la-kros'), n. a Canadian 
game resembling football, but played 
with a netted bat (crosse). 

lact, a prefix meaning milk, as lactic, 
adj. pertaining to milk. Also lacti, 
lacto. 

lactarine (lak'ta-rin), n. a prepara- 
tion of casein or milk curds: used 
extensively in calico printing. 

lactation (-ta/shun), n. secretion of 
milk; the act Or period of suckling. 

lacteal ('te-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or like, milk; conveying chyle: n.pl. 
the lymphatic vessels which convey 
chyle from the intestines to the tho- 
racic-duct. 

lactic. See under lact. 

lactic acid ; ('tik as'id), n. a bitter 
acid contained in sour milk. 

lacti fication _ (lak-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the production of lactic acid by the 
lactic acid bacteria, as in curdling 
milk. 

lactigenous (lak-tij'e-nus), adj. hav- 
ing the property of stimulating the 
flow of milk. 

lactochrome (lak'to-krom), n. a 
substance obtained from milk and 
believed to be the source of the 
yellow color of butter. 

lactometer (-tom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for ascertaining the spe- 
cific gravity of milk. 

lactoviscometer (lak-to-vis-kom'e- 
ter), n. an apparatus to test the 
quality of milk by measuring the 
rate of its flow through a small tube. 

lacuna (la-ku'na), n. [pi. lacunae 
('ne) ], a blank space; hiatus; small 
pit or hollow. 

lacustrine (-kus'trin), adj. pertain- 
ing to a lake'. 

laddie ('i), n. a lad [Scotch]. 

lade (lad), v.t. [p.t. laded, p.p. laded, 
laden, p.pr. lading], to load; bur- 
den ; heave or throw out. 

lading ('ing), n. the act of loading; 
freight. 

ladle ('1), n. a deep spoon for serving 
out liquids: v.t. to dip up with a 
ladle. 



ladrone (la-dron'), n. a robber; ban- 
dit; guerrilla. 

ladybird (-berd), n. a red coleop- 
terous insect marked with black 
spots. 

ladyship (-ship), n. the rank or title 
of a lady (with her or your). 

lager beer (la'ger ber), n. a German 
beer suitable for storing. 

laggard (lag'erd), n. a slow person; 
loiterer: adj. backward; slow. 

lagoon (la-goon'), n. a shallow lake 
formed at the mouth of a river or 
near the sea; marsh or fen. 

Lagthing (lag'ting), n. the Norwe- 
gian Upper House of Parliament. 

laic (la/ik), adj. pertaining to the 
laity. 

laid (lad), p.t. & p.p. of lay; marked 
with fine parallel ribbed lines: said 
of paper. 

lain, p.p. of lie. 

lair.(lar), n. the covert of a wild 
beast. 

laity (la/i-ti), n. the people, as dis- 
tinguished from the clergy. 

lama (la/ma), n. a Tibetan Buddhist 
priest, monk, or nun. 

lamb (lam), n. the young of a sheep; 
one who is gentle or innocent; an 
inexperienced speculator: v.i. to 
bring forth lambs. 

lambent ('bent), adj. playing about; 
flickering; touching lightly. 

lambkin ('kin), n. a little lamb. 

lambrequin (lam'bre-kin), n. a fes- 
tooned drapery, hanging from the 
upper part of a window, doorway, 
&c. 

lambskin ('skin), n. the skin of a 
lamb dressed with the fleece on and 
frequently colored. 

lambswool ('zwool), n. the wool of 
lambs; a beverage composed of ale 
with nutmeg, sugar, and the pulp 
of roasted apples. 

lamella (la-mel'a), n. [pi. lamellae 
('e) ], a thin scale or plate. 

lamellar (lam'e-lar), adj. composed . 
of lamellae. 

lamelli, a prefix meaning a plate or 
scale, found in various scientific 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






LAMENESS 433 LANTERN 

words, as lamellifoim: adj. scale- by means of fraud; in Ireland, one 

like. who buys or occupies land from 

leness ('nes), n. state of being which another has been evicted. 

lame. landlord ('lord), n. one who has len- 
ient (-menf), v.t. to mourn for: ants holding under him; the keeper 

v.i. to express sorrow: n. an expres- of a hotel or inn. Fern, landlady. 

sion of sorrow; lamentation. landlordism (-izm), n. the action of 

imentable (lam'en-ta-bl), adj. to be landlords collectively, especially with 

lamented; mournful; pitiable. respect to their landed interests. 

lentation (-ta'shun), n. grief landlubber ('lub-er) n. one not a 

audibly expressed; outcry. sailor. 

lamina (lam'i-na), n. [pi. laminae landrail ('ral), n. the corncrake. 

(-ne) ], a thin plate or scale; a coat landscape ('skap), n. the general 

or layer lying over another; blade aspect of a country, or a picture 

of a leaf or petal. representing it. 

laminar ('i-nar), adj. composed of Landsmaal ('mal), n. new national 

thin plates. Also laminary. language, excluding Danish forms, 

laminate ('i-nat), adj. composed of, proposed in Norway in 1913. 

or arranged in, laminae. Landsthing (lans'ting), n. the Up- 

lamination (-i-na'shun) , n. divisi- per House of the Danish Parliament 

bility or division into thin plates. (Rigsdag). 

lampblack ('blak)> n. finely divided landsturm (lant'sturm), n. the last 

charcoal or soot : v.t. to apply lamp- reserve of the German army, only 

black to. called out in time of war. 

lampistry (lam'pis-tri), n. the work Landtag ('takh), n. the Parliament 

of making and decorating lamps. of one of the states comprising the 

lampoon (lam-poon'), n. personal German Empire. 

written satire designed to bring the landwehr (lant'var), n. the reserve 

subject of it into contempt: v.t. to or militia of the German army. 

satirize by a lampoon. lane (Ian), n. a narrow path, as be- 

lamprey ('pri), n. an eel-like fish, tween hedges, walls, &c; narrow 

lanate (la/nat), adj. woolly. street. 

lance (lans), n. a long shaft of wood language (lang'gwej), n. human 

with a spear head; a thrust with a speech; the speech of one nation or 

lancet: v.t. to pierce with a lance; race as distinguished from that of 

cut open with a lancet. another; style or expression peculiar 

lancelet ('let), n. the amphioxus. to an individual. 

lanceolate (lan'se-o-lat), adj. taper- languid ('gwid), adj. wanting ener- 

ing to a point at either end, as cer- gy; weak. 

tain leaves. languish ('gwish), v.i. to become 

lancer (lan'ser), n. a cavalry soldier weak or spiritless; pine away; look 

armed with a lance: pi. a kind of with tenderness or wistfulness. 

quadrille.. languor (lang'gwer), n. listlessness; 

lancet ('set), n. a surgeon's knife; a a lack of energy; a mental condition 

lancet-shaped or pointed window. without ambition or spirit. 

lancewood ('wood), n. a tough elas- lank (langk), adj. lean; slender. 

tic wood used in coachbuilding, &c. lanky ('i), adj. tall and thin. 

lanciform ('si-form), adj. lance- lanner (lan'er), n. a species of hawk. 

shaped. lanolin ('o-lin), n. an unctuous sub- 
landau ('do), n. a kind of carriage. stance obtained from the wool of 
landgrabber (land'grab-er), n. one sheep, &c. 

who gets possession of public land lantern (lan'tern), n. a transparent 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



LANTERN-JAWED 



434 



LATENT 



case for holding or carrying a light; 
the light-room of a lighthouse; a 
small tower on the roof of a building 
to admit light and air. 

lantern-jawed (jawd), adj. having 
a long thin face. 

lanyard ('yard), n. a piece of rope, 
cord, &c, for seizing or fastening 
the tackle of a ship. Also laniard. 

lapdog ('dog), n. a small pet dog. 

lapel (la-pel'), n. part of a coat which 
laps over. 

lapid, a -prefix meaning stone. 

lapidary (lap'i-da-ri), n. [pi. lapi- 
daries (-riz) ], an artificer who cuts 
and sets precious stones; a connois- 
seur or dealer in gems. 

lapis lazuli (la/pis laz'u-li), n. a rich 
blue stone from which ultramarine 
was originally obtained. 

Lapp (lap), n. a Laplander; the lan- 
guage of the Lapps. 

lappet ('et), n. a little loose flap. 

lapsable (laps'a-bl), adj. capable of 
lapsing. 

lapse (laps), v.i. to gliu^ or slip 
slowly away; fall by degrees; com- 
mit a slight fault or fail in duty; 
pass to another proprietor by negli- 
gence or death; slide or fall anew 
into sin: n. a gliding or passing 
away slowly; slight fault or mis- 
take; omission to present to a bene- 
fice within a certain time. 

lapsus ('sus), n. a slip or mistake. 

lapwing (lap'wing), n. a plover-like 
bird. 

larboard (lar'bord), n. the term usdd 
formerly for the port or left-hand 
side of a ship. 

larcenous ('se-nus), adj. thievish. 

larceny ('se-ni), n. theft. 

larch (larch), n. a coniferous tree. 

lard (lard), n. the fat of swine 
melted down: v.t. to cover with 
lard; insert strips of bacon in before 
roasting: hence to mix. 

lardaceous (lar-da'shus), adj. per- 
taining to, or resembling, lard. Also 
lardy. 

larder ('der), n. a pantry; house- 
hold provisions. 



largess ('jes), n. a gift or bounty. 

lariat (lar'i-at), n. a rope or lasso, 
especially of horsehair. 

larkspur ('sper), n. a plant with 
showy blue spurred flowers. 

larmier (lar'mi-er), n. a corona or 
dripstone. 

larrup (lar'up), v.t. to beat or flog. 

larva _ (lar'va), n. [pi. larvae ('ve) ], 
an insect in the first stage of its 
metamorphosis after leaving the egg. 

larval ('val), adj. pertaining to a 
larva. 

larviparous (-vip'a-rus), adj. pro- 
ducing young in the state of larvae. 

laryngeal (lar-in-j e'al) , adj. pertain- 
ing to, or situated near, the larynx. 

laryngitis (-ji'tis), n. inflammation 
of the larynx. 

laryngo, a prefix meaning larynx; 
as laryngoscope, an instrument fur- 
nished with mirrors for inspecting 
the larynx. 

laryngotomy (-got'o-mi), n. the sur- 
gical operation of cutting into the 
windpipe. 

larynx ('ingks), n. the upper part of 
the trachea or windpipe. 

lascar (las-kar'), n. an East Indian 
sailor employed on a European 
vessel. 

lascivious (-siv'i-us), adj. lustful; 
wanton; exciting lust. 

lashing ('ing), n. a cord, rope, &c, 
to secure or bind anything; a whip- 
ping. 

lass (las), n. a young Woman; girl. 

lassie ('i), n. a lass [Scotch]. 

lassitude ('i-tud), n. weariness; lan- 
guor. 

lasso ('o), n. a rope, usually of hide, 
with a noose, used for catching wild 
horses and cattle: v.t. to qatch with 
a lasso. 

latch (lach), n. a door catch: v.t. to 
secure or fasten with a latch. 

latchet ('et), n. a shoe string. 

lateen (la-ten'), n. a triangular sail used 
on boats on the Mediterranean, &c. 

latency (la'ten-si), n. the state of 
being latent. 

latent ('tent), n. concealed; invisible. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not* boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




LATERAL 



435 



LAWFUL 



lateral (lat'er-al), adj. pertaining to, 
proceeding from, or acting upon, 
the side. 

Lateran ('er-an), n. the Papal palace, 
and the Church of St. John Lateran 
at Rome, the cathedral of the Pope. 

latero, a prefix meaning side. 

lath (lath), n. a strip of wood. 

lathe (\Mh), n. a machine for turn- 
ing and polishing articles of wood, 
metal, &c. 

lather (laf/i'er), n. froth made by 
moistened soap; profuse sweating; 
v.t. to cover with lather. 

Latin (lat'in), adj. pertaining to, 
written, or expressed in, Latin; per- 
taining to Latium, ancient Rome, 
its inhabitants or language, or the 
races and languages derived from 
Rome; Roman; Roman "Catholic : n. 
an ancient Roman; the language of 
ancient Rome and its literature. 

Latin cross (kros), n. a cross having 
the lowest limb longer than the two 
sides and top. 

Latinize ('in-Iz), v.t. to give Latin 
terminations, or characteristics, to; 
translate into Latin. 

Latinity ( 7 i-ti), ft? purity of Latin 
style or idiom. 

latitude ('i-tud), ft. distance on the' 
earth's surface as measured by de- 
grees north or south from the equa- 
tor; breadth; extent; freedom from 
rules; laxity; range or scope. 

latitudinarian (-di-na-ri'an), adj. 
wide in range or scope; tolerant in 
speculative religious opinions: ft. 
one who holds latitudinarian views. 

latten (lat'en), ft. metal in thin sheets. 

latter ('er), adj. the second of two 
things previously mentioned; re- 
cent; modern. 

lattice ('is),- n. crossed open work 
of metal or wood: v.t. to furnish or 
cross with a lattice. 

laud (lawd), v.t. to praise highly; 
extol: n. praise; worship or hymn 
of praise. 

laudable ('a-bl), adj. commendable. 

laudanum ('a-num), ft. a prepara- 
tion of opium. 



laudator ('a-ter), n. one who praises. 

laughing-gas ('ing-gas), ft. nitrous 
oxide. 

laughing-stock (-stok), n. object of 
laughter. 

laughter ('ter), ft. convulsive merri- 
ment. 

launch (lanch), v.t. to move or cause 
to slide into the water, as a vessel; 
hurl; dart; send forth: v.i. to put 
to sea; expatiate in language; 
plunge; enter on a new career: ft. 
the act of launching a vessel; 
plunge; the largest boat of a man- 
of-war; large open pleasure-boat 
usually propelled by steam, gas, or 
electricity. 

laundress (lawn'dres), ft. a washer- 
woman. 

laundry ('dri), ft. [pi. laundries 
('driz)], a place where clothes are 
washed and ironed. 

laureate (law're-at), adj. decked or 
invested with laurel: n. one crowned 
with ,*urel; poet-laureate. 

laurel (' re i)> ft. an evergreen shrub; 
crown or wreath of laurel: hence 
honor ; distinction . 

lava (la'va), n. molten volcanic matter. 

lavatory (lav'a-to-ri), ft. [pi. . lava- 
tories (-riz)], a place for washing; 
retiring-room. 

lave (lav), v.t. & v.i. to bathe or wash. 

lavender (lav'en-der), an aromatic 
plant. 

laver (la/ver), ft. a large vessel for 
washing in, especially the brazen 
laver of the Jewish tabernacle and 
temple used by the priests; an edible 
seaweed. 

lavish (lav'ish), adj. profuse; extrav- 
agant: v.t. expend or bestow with 
profusion; squander; waste. 

law (law), ft. a rule of action estab- 
lished by authority; edict, statute, 
or custom; act or enactment of a 
legislative body; jurisprudence; ju- 
dicial process; rule or axiom of 
science or art; established principle; 
the Mosaic code. 

lawful ('fool), adj. agreeable or com- 
formable to law; just; legal. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



LAWN 



436 



LEASH 



lawn (lawn), n. a plot of grass kept 
closely mown; fine cambric used for 
the sleeves of a bishop's gown: 
hence the office of a bishop. 

lawn-tennis ('ten-is), n. an outdoor 
game played with rackets, balls, and 
* a net. 

lawsuit ('siit), n. an action at law. 

lawyer ('yer), n. one skilled in legal 
knowledge; one, especially a solic- 
itor, who practices in the law- 
courts; a skilled exponent of the 
Mosaic law. 

lax (laks), adj. loose; vague; weak. 

laxative ('a-tiv), adj. loosening; pur- 
gative^ 

laxity ('i-ti), n. the state or quality 
of being lax. Also laxness. 

layer ('er), n. a stratum, row, or 
bed; runner of a plant fastened 
down and covered with earth for 
propagation. 

lay-figure ('fig-fir), n. an artist's 
jointed model for hanging drapery 
upon; a mere puppet. 

laying ('ing), n. a sitting of eggs; 
the first coat of plaster. 

layman ('man), n. [pi. laymen 
('men)], one of the people, as dis- 
tinguished from a clergyman; a non- 
professional man. 

lazaretto ^laz-a-ret'o), n. a hospital 
for persons suffering with infectious 
diseases; a ship's store-room. Also 
lazaret. 

lazily (la/zi-li), adv. in a lazy man- 
ner. 

lazzarone (laz-a-ro'ne), n. [pi. laz- 
zaroni ('ni)], a Neapolitan loafer 
who does casual work. 

lea (le), n. a meadow. 

leach (lech), v.t. to pass water through 
(ashes), to form lye. 

leaded (led'ed), p. adj. separated by 
leads; set in, or covered with, lead. 

leaden ('en), adj. made of, or colored 
like, lead; heavy; sluggish. 

leader (led'er), n. one who leads; the 
chief editorial article of a news- 
paper; tendon; the foremost horse in 
a vehicle. 



leaderette (-ef), n. a short newspa- 
per leader. 

leaf (lef), n. [pi. leaves (levz)], one 
of the thin fiat parts of a plant; 
anything thinly beaten; something 
resembling a leaf; part of a book 
containing two pages; a valved part 
of a table, shutter, &c. 

leafage ('aj), n. leaves collectively. 

leaf-blotch (lef'bloch), n. a fungous 
disease on the leaves of roses and 
other plants. 

leaflet ('let), n. a small leaf; a tract 
or folding circular. 

leafy ('i), adj. [comp. leafier, superl. 
leafiest], full of leaves. 

league (leg), n. an alliance for mu- 
tual interests; confederacy; 3 geo- 
graphical miles: v.t. to combine for 
mutual interests: v.i. to confederate. 

leak (lek), n. a hole which lets in 
water: v.i. to let water in or out 
through a hole, &c. 

leakage ('aj), n. the state of a vessel 
that leaks; allowance for loss by 
leakage. 

leal (lei), adj. true-hearted [Scotch]. 

lean (len), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. leaned, 
leant, p.pr. leaning], to incline or 
deviate from an upright position: 
v.t. to cause to lean; rest: adj. thin; 
sterile. 

lean-to ('too), n. a building whose 
rafters rest on another building; 
penthouse. 

leap year (yer), n. a year of 366 
days, when Februrary has 29 days; 
every year divisible by 4, except 
those divisible by 100 but not by 
400. 

learning ('ing), n. skill in literature, 
languages, or science; knowledge ac- 
quired. 

lease (les), n. a written contract for 
the letting of land or tenements for 
a specified number of years; period: 
v.t. to let by a written contract; 
take a lease of. 

leasehold ('hold), n. property held 
by lease: adj. held on lease. 

leash (lesh), n. a thong by which a 
hawk or hound is held; a brace and 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




LEATHER 



437 



LEGGINGS 



a half; three; a band by which 
anything is held: v.t. to tie or bind 
by a leash. 

leather (leth'er), n. the tanned and 
curried skin of an animal; anything 
made of, or resembling, leather. 

leatherback ('bak), n. the soft- 
shelled turtle. 

leatherette (-ef), n. imitation 
leather. 

leathern ('em), adj. made of, or re- 
sembling, leather. 

leave (lev), n. permission granted; 
departure; farewell: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
left, p.pr. leaving], to depart from; 
forsake, abandon; bequeath; desist 
from; refer for decision: v.i. to de- 
part; go away. 

leaven (lev'n), v.t. to produce fer- 
mentation in; taint; imbue: n. fer- 
ment mixed with a body to render it 
light; any influence working silently 
and strongly that causes changes in 
things or opinions. 

lecher (lech'er), n. sl lewd man. 

lechery ('er-i), n. lustfulness; lewd- 
ness. 

lectern (lek'tern), n. the reading 
desk of a church. 

lection ('shun), n. reading; a por- 
tion of the Scriptures to be read in 
the church service. 

lectionary (-a-ri), n. a table of les- 
sons. 

lector ('ter), n. one of the minor or- 
ders of the Roman Catholic Church; 
a reader. 

lecture ('tur), n. a formal discourse 
on any subject; reprimand: v.i. to 
deliver a lecture: v.t. to reprimand. 

ledge (lej), n. a shelf ; ridge; layer; edge. 

ledger ('er), n. the principal account 
book of a mercantile house. 

ledger-line (-lin), n. the line either 
above or below the staff [mus.]. 

lee (le), n. the side or quarter to- 
ward which the wind blows; calm 
or sheltered side. 

leech (lech), n. an aquatic worm fur- 
nished with a sucker, used in medi- 
cine for bleeding : formerly the name 



for a physician: v.t. to bleed with 
leeches. 

leek (lek), n. a biennial plant of the 
onion family with a bulbous root. 

leer (ler), n. a sly, sidelong look 
indicative of malice, triumph, or 
lasciviousness: v.i. to look with a 
leer. 

lees (lez), n.pl. dregs of liquor. 

leeward (le'werd), n. in the direction 
toward which the wind blows: n. 
lee side. 

leeway (le'wa), ri. the lateral drift of 
a vessel to leeward of her course; 
arrears. 

left-handed ('hand-e'd), adj. using 
the left hand with greater strength 
or dexterity than the right; awk- 
ward; malicious; irregular. 

legacy ('a-si), n. [pi. legacies (-siz) }, 
a gift by will of money or property; 
bequest. 

legal (le'gal), adj. pertaining to law; 
permitted or authorized by law; 
legitimate. 

legalize ('Iz), v.t. to make lawful; 
sanction. 

legalism (-izm), n. close adherence 
or conformity to law; the observ- 
ance of the strict letter of the law 
rather than its spirit. 

legality ('i-ti), n. conformity to law. 

legate (leg'at), n. a Papal ambassa- 
dor; envoy. 

legatee (-a-te'), n. a person to whom 
a legacy is bequeathed. 

legatine ('a-ten), adj. pertaining to 
a legate. 

legation (le-ga/shun), n. an embas- 
sy; ambassador; the official resi- 
dence of an ambassador. 

legato (le-ga'to), adv. a musical term 
meaning smoothly, glidingly. 

legend (lej 'end), n. a romantic or 
non-historical story; myth; fable; 
inscription, as on a coin, coat of 
arms, &c. 

legendary ('end-a-ri), adj. fabulous; 
mythical. 

legerdemain (-er-de-man'), n. sleight 
of hand. 

leggings (leg'ingz), n.pl. long gaiters. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



LEGHORN 



LEPROUS 



Leghorn (leg'horn), n. a bonnet or 
hat made of finely plaited Leghorn 
straw; a variety of domestic fowl. 

legibility (lej-i-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
of being legible. Also legibleness. 

legible ('i-bl), adj. capable of being 
read; clear.; distinct; apparent. 

legion (le'jun), n. a division of the 
ancient Roman army; a great num- 
ber; host; suborder. 

legionary ('jun-a-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or consisting of, legions; in- 
numerable: n. a soldier of a Roman 
legion. 

legislate (lej'js-lat), v.i. to make or 
enact a law: v.t. to effect by legis- 
lation. 

legislation (-la/shun), n. the act of 
making a law or laws. 

legislative ('is-la-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or enacted by, legislation; 
having the power to legislate: n. 
the legislature. 

legislator (-la-ter), n. a lawgiver; a 
member of a legislative assembly. 

Legislature (-la-ttir), n. that body 
in a state which is invested with the 
power of enacting and repealing 
laws; the legislative body of a state 
or territory. 

legitimacy (le-jit'i-ma-si), n. the 
state of being legitimate; lawfulness 
of birth. 

legitimate ('i-mat), adj. lawful; 

born in wedlock; real; logically cor- 

ect: v.t. to make, or sanction as, 

awful; render legitimate. Also 

legitimize. 

legitimation (-ma'shun), n. the act. 
of making legitimate or lawful. 

legume (le-giim'), n. a two-valved 
seed-vessel having its seeds attached 
to one side only, as a pea-pod. 

leipoa (ll-po'a), n. the native pheas- 
ant of Australia. 

leisure (le'zhur), n. spare time: adj. 
free from business; unoccupied. 

leisured ('zhurd), adj. having leisure. 

lemon ('un), n. the acid fruit of Cit- 
rus Limonum; the color of a lemon: 
adj. pertaining to, or of the color 
of, a lemon. 



lemonade (-ad), n. a beverage of 
sweetened or aerated water flavored 
with lemon. 

lemur (le'mgr), n. a small nocturnal 
animal allied to the monkeys. 

lene (le'ne), adj. unaspirated. 

length (length), n. the measure of 
anything from end to end; extent; 
duration; reach; forty-two lines of 
an actor's part. 

lengthily ('i-li), adv. at great length. 

lengthwise ('wlz), adv. in the direc- 
tion of the length. 

lengthy ('i), adj. long and tiresome. 

leniency (le'ni-en-si), n. clemency. 

lenient ('ni-ent), adj. mild; merciful. 

lenitive (len'i-tiv), adj. assuaging; 
emollient. 

lenity (len'i-ti), n. mildness; human- 
ity. 

lens (lenz), n. a convex, or concave, 
glass adapted for changing the di- 
rection of rays of light and thus 
magnifying or diminishing the ap- 
parent size of objects; the crystal- 
line humor of the eye. 

Lent (lent), n. a fast of 40 days (ex- 
cluding Sundays), Ash Wednesday 
to Easter eve. 

Lenten (lent'en), adj. pertaining to 
Lent. 

lenticular (len-tik'ti-lar), adj. dou- 
bly convex. 

lentil ('til), n. a leguminous plant: 
pi. its orbicular seeds, used for food. 

Leonid ('o-nid), n. one of the me- 
teors that fall in showers during 
November of certain years, their 
chief point being in the constellation 
Leo. 

leonine ('5-nin), adj. like a lion; 
powerful; kingly. 

leopard (lep'ard), n. a large cat-like 
beast of prey, with a beautiful spot- 
ted skin. 

leper ('er), n. one affected with lep- 
rosy. 

leprosy ('ro-si), n. [pi. leprosies 
(-siz) ], a chronic skin disease char- 
acterized by ulcers and white scaly 
scabs. 

leprous ('rus), adj. infected with lep- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



north, not; boon, 




LEPTO 



439 



LEVITY 



)sy; covered with white scales; un- 
clean. 

lepto, a prefix meaning small, slender, 
delicate, occurring in various scien- 
tific words, as leptoceph&ly, small- 
ness and narrowness of the skull, as 
in certain races. Also lept. 

lese-majesty (lez-maj'es-ti), n. a 
crime against royalty or the sover- 
eign power; treason. 

lesion (le'zhun), n. injury; morbid 
change in a function or organism. 

lessee (-e'), n. a person to whom a 
lease is granted. 

lessen ('en), v.t. to make less; reduce. 

lesser ('er), adj. a double comparative 
of less. 

lessor ('er), n. the grantor of a lease. 

lest (lest), conj. that not; for fear 
that. 

lethal (le'thal), adj. deadly; fatal. 

lethalize (le'thal-Iz), v.t. to execute by 
placing in a death chamber. 

lethargic (le-thar'jik), adj. affected 
by lethargy; sluggish; drowsy; dull. 

lethargy (leth'ar-ji), n. morbid 
drowsiness; unnatural prolonged 
slumber; apathy. 

Lethe (le'the), n. in classic mythol- 
ogy, the stream of forgetfulness of 
the under world, whose waters, when 
drunk, produced loss of memory: 
hence oblivion, forgetfulness. 

letheomania (le'the-o-ma'ni-a), n. 
having a drug habit. 

lethifegral (le-thif'e-ral), adj. lethal 
or death^dealing. 

lettered ('erd), adj. learned; in- 
scribed or marked with letters. 

lettergram (let'ter-gram), n. a night 
telegram sent at reduced rates. 

letter-of -delegation (-er-ov-del-e-ga' 
shun), n. European war substitute 
for issuing checks in the United 
States on Germany and Austria; 
American bank instructs German or 
Austrian bank to pay desired amount 
of money to the designated person. 

letters patent ('erz pat'ent), n. a 
written document under seal of the 
Government, authorizing a person to 
do some act or enjoy some privilege. 



leuco, a prefix meaning white, as leu- 
cocyte, a minute mass of protoplasm 
found in white blood corpuscles 
which preys upon bacteria in the 
blood. 

leucopenia (lu-ko-pe'ni-a), n. defi- 
ciency of white blood corpuscles in 
the blood. 

leucocy themia (lu-ko-cy-the'mi-a) , 
n. an excess of white corpuscles in 
the blood. 

leucoma (lu-ko'ma), n. a white opac- 
ity of the cornea of the eye. 

leucorrhoea (-re'a), n. vaginal catarrh. 

Levant (le-vant'«), n. the eastern 
coasts of the Mediterranean. 

levator (-va'ter), n, a muscle that 
serves to raise some part. 

levee (lev'e), n. a morning reception 
" held by a sovereign or personage of 
high rank; properly, one attended 
by gentlemen only; a river embank- 
ment: v.t. to embank. 

level ('el), n. a horizontal plane or 
line; surface without inequalities; 
state of equality; standard; fine of 
direction; an instrument for indi- 
cating a horizontal line or plane; 
section of a canal from one lock to 
another: adj. even; horizontal; 
smooth; equal to something else in 
importance: v.t. to make even; free 
from inequalities; bring to the same 
level; point in taking aim. 

lever (lev'er or le'ver), n. a bar of 
metal, &c, turning on a support 
(fulcrum) for raising a weight. 

leverage (-aj), n. the mechanical 
power gained by using a lever; lever 
action. 

leveret (ley'er-et), n. a young hare. 

leviable ('i-a-bl), adj. that may be 
levied upon or seized; assessable. 

leviathan (le-vi'a-than), n. a large 
unidentified aquatic animal (Job xli. 
1); anything huge, as a whale, &c. 

levigate (lev'i-gat), v.t. to reduce to 
a fine, impalpable powder. 

levitation (lev-i-ta'shun), n. light- 
ness; buoyancy. 

levity (lev'i-ti), n. lightness of dis- 
position, conduct, &c; inconsisten- 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



^a 



-Tl. 



LEVULOSE 



440 



LICENSE 



cy; trifling gaiety; lightness of 
weight. 

levulose (lev'u-l5s), n. fruit-sugar. 

levy ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. levied, p.pr. 
levying], to raise or collect, as an 
army or tax; seize in execution: v.i. 
to make a levy: n. the act of raising 
money or men; amount or number 
raised. 

lewd (hid), adj. licentious; libidinous. 

lexicographer (-kog'ra-fer), n. the 
editor or compiler of a dictionary or 
lexicon. 

lexicography ('ra-fi), n. the art or 
occupation of compiling dictionaries 
or lexicons. 

lexicology (-kol'o-ji), n. the science 
of the derivation and correct mean- 
ing of words and their correct appli- 
cation. 

lexicon (leks'i-kon), n. vocabulary; 
dictionary of words. 

lexo theism (leks-6'the-izm), n. the 
doctrine that the universe is gov- 
erned by natural law instead of by a 
personal supreme being. 

Leyden jar (ll'dn jar), n. a glass jar, 
coated outside and inside with tin 
foil, for accumulating electricity. 

liability (-a-bil'i-ti) , n. [pi. liabilities 
(-tiz)], the state of being liable: pi. 
debts. 

liable ('a-bl), adj. exposed to damage, 
danger, expense, &c; contingently 
subject. 

liaison (le-a-zong'), n. illicit or se- 
cret intimacy between a man and a 
woman. 

liar (li'ar), n. one addicted to lying. 

libation (-ba/shun), n. the act of 
pouring wine or oil on the ground, 
as a sacrifice to some deity; the 
liquid so poured out. 

libel ('bel), n. defamation of charac- 
ter or reputation; any writing, print, 
publication, or picture calculated 
to injure the reputation or character 
of anyone and bring him into public 
contempt: v.t. to publish a libel 
against; defame the character of; ex- 
hibit a charge against in a court of law. 



libelous (-us), adj. containing, or of 
the nature of, a libel. 

liber ('ber), n. the fibrous innermost 
layer of the bark of exogenous 
plants. 

liberal (lib'er-al), adj. generous; mu- 
nificent; plentiful; free from nar- 
rowness in ideas or doctrines: n. an 
opponent of conservatism; one who 
advocates extension of freedom in 
political institutions. 

liberalize (-Iz), v.t. to free from nar- 
rowness or prejudice. 

liberalism (-izm), n. the principles 
of a liberal in politics or religion. 

liberality (-al'i-ti), n. [pi. liberali- 
ties (-tiz)], the quality of being lib- 
eral ; generosity; magnanimity ; men- 
tal breadth; catholicity. 

liberate ('er-at), v.t. to set free. 

liberator (-a-ter), n. one who liber- 
ates. 

libertine ('er-tin), n. a debauchee: 
adj. unrestrained, morally or social- 
ly; licentious. 

libertinism (-izm), n. debauchery; 
extreme freedom in religious opin- 
ions. 

liberty ('er-ti), n. [pi. liberties (-tiz)], 
freedom; special privilege or exemp- 
tion; immunity; permission; un- 
granted or undue freedom; priv- 
ileged district. 

libidinous (li-bid'i-nus), adj. lustful. 

librarian (-bra'ri-an), n. the custo- 
dian of a library. 

library ('bra-ri), n. [pi. libraries 
(-riz)], an arranged collection of 
books; the building where such a 
collection is kept. 

libration (-bra'shun), n. the act of 
balancing; equipoise; an apparent 
irregularity in the moon's motion. 

libratory ('bra-to-ri), adj. oscillat- 
ing. 

librettist (li-bret'ist), n. the vvriter 
of a libretto. 

libretto ('to), n. a book containing 
the words of an opera, oratorio, &c; 
the text itself. 

lice (lis), pi. of louse. 

license (li'sens), n. permission; leave 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



LICENTIATE 



441 



LIGNUM-VITAE 



unrestrained liberty; legal permit 
to do something otherwise unlawful: 
v.t. to authorize by a legal permit. 

licentiate (-sen'shi-at), n. one li- 
censed to preach or practice a pro- 
fession. 

licentious ('shus), adj. unrestrained 
morally or legally; lascivious; dis- 
solute. 

lichen (li'ken or lich'en), n. one of 
an order of cellular flowerless (cryp- 
togamic) plants of fungoid nature 
growing parasitic on stones, algse, 
&c; a kind of skin eruption. 

lich-gate (lich'gat), n. the roofed 
gate of a churchyard, under which a 
bier may stand. Also lych-gate. 

licit (lis'it), adj.- lawful. 

lick (lik)', v.t. to pass the tongue 
over; caress with the tongue; lap 
up; vanquish; chastise: v.i. to make 
a licking movement: n. the act 
of licking; quick or careless stroke; 
superficial saline deposit. 

lickspittle ('spit-1), n. a servile flat- 
terer. 

licorice (lik'o-ris), n. the root or in- 
spissated juice of the licorice-plant 
(Glycyrrhiza glabra). 

lictor ('ter), n. a Roman official who 
attended the chief magistrates and 
bore the fasces. 

lie (ll), v.i. [p.t. lay, p.p. lain, p.pr. 
lying], to rest in a recumbent posi- 
tion; lean or press; rest or remain; 
be situated or placed; be maintaina- 
ble at law. 

lie (ll), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. lied, p.pr. ly- 
ing], to utter a falsehood; represent 
falsely: n. a falsehood; wilful mis- 
statement. 

lief (lef), adv. willingly; rather. 

liege (lej), adj. bound by feudal serv- 
ice or tenure: n. a vassal; liege lord, 
or sovereign. 

lien (le'en, li'en or len), n. a legal claim 
upon property; security for payment. 

lieu (lu), n. place; stead. 

lieutenancy (-ten'an-si), n. the rank 
or authority of a lieutenant. 

lieutenant ('ant), n. an officer rank- 
ing next below a captain in the army 



and a commande*r in the navy; a 
deputy. 

lifeguard ('gard), n. a bodyguard. 

life-kite (lif'klt), n. a kite flown from 
a wrecked ship to carry a life-line 
to the shore. 

life-net (llf'net), n. a net used by 
firemen to break the fall of persons 
jumping from the windows of a 
burning building. 

ligament (lig'a-ment), n. a strong 
elastic tissue connecting the extrem- 
ities of movable bones; bond or tie. 

ligature (lig'a-tur), n. a narrow 
bandage or tie; two or more letters 
cast on one shank (fi, <z) ; a slur, or 
notes joined by a slur. 

light (lit), n. the imponderable agent 
by which objeets are rendered visible 
by its action on the retina; day; an 
illuminating or enlightening agent: 
aspect; a window.- 

lighten ('en), v.t. to make light; il- 
luminate; flash out; render less 
heavy: v.i. to brighten; shine out. 

lighter ('er), n. a large open barge 
for loading and unloading vessels. 

lighterage (-aj), n. the unloading of 
a cargo by lighters; charge made. 

lighthouse ('hous), n. a structure 
furnished with a brilliant light to 
indicate points of danger to mariners 
at night. 

lightning ('ning), n. a sudden flash 
of electricity, usually accompanied 
by thunder. 

light-pressure (lit'presh'ur), n. the 
pressure of the waves in the ether 
that constitute light and other man- 
ifestations of radient energy. 

light-spot (lit 'spot), n. spots on the 
epidermis of certain plants believed 
to represent rudimentary sense or- 
gans comparable to the eyes of ani- 
mals. 

ligneous (lig'ne-us), adj. woody. 

lignite ('nit), n. wood converted into 
an imperfect kind of coal. 

lignum-vitae ('num-vi'te), n. the 
very heavy hard wood of a South 
American tree (Guaicum officinale) 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



LIKEN 



442 



LINEAR 



or of similar West Indian and Aus- 
tralasian trees. 

liken (lik'n), v.t. to compare. 

liking ('ing), n. preference; fondness. 

lilac (li'lak) n. a shrub of the genus 
Syringa, with pale pinkish purple 
flowers; a color. 

Lilliputian (lil-i-pu'shun), adj. very 
diminutive, from Swift's Gulliver's 
Travels. Also Liliputian. 

lilt (lilt) r n. a song with rhythmic 
movement; a merry and animated 
tune. 

lily (hTi), n. a plant of the genus 
Lilium, with bulbous roots and hand- 
some flowers: adj. unsullied; lily- 
white. 

limb (lim), n. a jointed or articulated 
part of an animal body ; branch of a 
tree; edge or border; roguish child; 
leg: v.t. to dismember. 

limber ('ber), n. the detachable fore- 
part of a gun-carriage: adj. pliant: 
v.t. to attach a limber to (a gun-car- 
riage); make pliant. 

limbus ('bus), n. in the Roman Cath- 
olic Church, the place intermediate 
between heaven, and hell, the abode 
of departed souis prior to the judg- 
ment; prison Also limbo. 

lime (lim), n. a/)alcareous earth ob- 
tained by the action of heat upcn 
limestone; bird-lime; a tree of the 
orange kind yielding an edible juicy 
fruit; the linden tree: v.t. to apply 
lime to. 

limelight ('lit), n. a brilliant light 
produced by the action of lighted 
hydrogen and oxygen upon lime. 

limen (li'men), b. a dividing line or 
threshold, as in experimental psy- 
chology the threshold of an appre- 
ciable stimulus; also a structure in 
the brain. 

limerick (lim'er-ik), n. a nonsense 
stanza of four lines, in which the 
first," second and fourth rhyme, the 
third line containing a rhyme, within 
itself, different from the others. 

limestone ('ston), n. a rock having 
carbonate of lime as its basis. 

limit (lim'it), n. a border or bound- 



ary; utmost extent; v.t. to confine 
within bounds; restrict. 

limitation (-i-ta'shun), n. restric- 
tion. 

limn (lim), v.t. to paint or draw; il- 
luminate, as books and manuscripts. 

limnograph (lim'no-graf), n. an in- 
strument for recording the height 
of water in a lake or mill pond ; the 
automatic record it produces is 
called a limnogram. 

limnology (lim-nol'6-ji), n. the scien- 
tific study of lakes and ponds, geo- 
graphical, physical, chemical, and 
biological. 

limousine (lim-oo-zen'), n. the body 
of a closed automobile. 

limp (limp), adj. flexible; flaccid: n. 
a halt in walking: v.i. to walk with 
a halt. 

limpet ('et), n. a gastropod of the 
genus Patella, which adheres firmly 
to rocks by its foot sucker. 

limpsy (limp 'si), adj. flimsy; weak. 

limy (lim'i), adj. containing, or like, 
lime. 

linchpin (linch'pin), n. the pin which 
goes through the end of the axle of a 
wheel, and keeps it in its place. 

linden (lin'den), n. a tree with heart- 
shaped leaves, and small clusters of 
cream-colored flowers. There ar^e 
several species, European and- Amer- 
ican. 

line (lin) n. length without breadth; 
a slender string, or cord; fishing- 
line; extended row; l-12th of an 
inch; short -letter; occupation; 
mark in the hand or face; outline; 
verse; extent; direction; regular 
infantry; equator; particular class 
of goods; descent. 

lineage (lin'e-aj), n. ancestral'line of 
descent from a common progenitor; 
family. 

lineal ('e-al), adj. composed of lines; 
in direct line from an ancestor. 

lineament ('e-a-ment), n. feature; 
outline. 

linear ('e-ar), adj. pertaining to, or 
composed of, lines; having a straight 
direction. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




LINEATE 



443 



LISTEN 



lineate ('e-at), adj. marked with 
lines. 

linen ('en), n. a cloth made of flax; 
articles made of linen; undercloth- 
ing: adj. made of, or resembling, 
linen. 

liner (ll'ner), n. a line-of -battle ship; 
a steamship belonging to a packet 
company; one who makes linings. 

linger _ ('ger), v.i. to delay; loiter; 
remain long in any state. 

lingerie (lang-zhe-re'), n. undercloth- 
ing. 

lingo (ling'go), n. language; dialect. 

lingual ('gwal), adj. pertaining to, 
or formed by, the tongue: n. a letter 
or sound, so articulated, as s, th, &c. 

linguist ('gwist), n. one skilled in 
languages. 

linguistic ('tik), adj. pertaining to 
linguistics. 

linguistics ('tiks), n.pl. comparative 
philology. 

lingula Cgti-la), n. a genus of bra- 
chipodus mollusks with a tongue- 
like valve. 

Ungulate ('gu-lat), adj. tongue- 
shaped. 

liniment (lin'i-ment), n. a medicated 
liquid for rubbing into the skin. 

lining (lin'ing), n. an inside covering; 
contents. 

link (lingk), n. a single ring or di- 
vision of a chain; anything doubled 
" like a link; single part of a con- 
nected series; a land measure 7.92 
inches; connection; torch made of 
pitch and tow: pi. flat sandy soil; 
golfing grounds: v.t. to connect by, 
or as by, a link: v.i. to be connected. 

linnet (lin'et), n. a British finch.- 

linoleum (li-no'le-um), n. a floor 
cloth composed of ground cork, lin- 
seed oil, and chloride of sulphur. 

linotype (lin'o-tip), n. a machine for 
composing and casting stereotyped 
words or lines for printing. 

linseed (lin'sed), n. the seed of "flax, 
from which linseed oil is expressed. 

linsey-woolsey ('zi-wool'zi), n. a 
cloth of mixed linen and wool. 



lint (lint), n. scraped linen used for 
dressing wounds. 

lintel (lin'tel), n. the horizontal top 
piece of a door or window. 

lionize (-iz), v.t. to treat as an ob- 
ject of peculiar interest. 

lion's-share ('unz-shar), n. the ma- 
jor part. 

liquation (li-kwa/shun), n. the act 
or process of melting. 

liquefacient (lik-we-fa'shi-ent), adj. 
serving to liquefy. 

liquefy ('we-fi), v.t. to melt or make 
liquid: v.i. to become liquid. 

liquescent (-kwes'ent), adj. becoming 
liquid. 

liqueur (li-ker'), n. an alcoholic aro- 
matic cordial. 

liquid (lik'wid), adj. clear; tearful; 
not solid; readily flowing: n. liquid 
substance; one of the consonants I, 
m, n, r. 

liquidate ('wi-dat), v.t. to- pay off, as 
a debt; arrange, as the affairs of 
a bankrupt. 

liquidation (-da/shun), n. the act of 
liquidating or paying off; the settle- 
ment of the affairs of a bankrupt's 
estate. 

liquidator ('wi-da-ter), n. an official 
who winds up a bankrupt's estate. 

liquor (lik'er), n. an alcoholic bever- 
age; a liquid: v.t. to treat with a 
solution: v.i. to take intoxicating 
drinks [slang]. 

liquorice. Same as licorice. 

lira (le'ra)^ n. [pi. lire (le v re) ], an 
Italian coin, the unit of monetary 
value =19 cents; the Turkish lira 
= $4.40. 

lisle (111), n. a fine thread or lace. 

lisp (lisp), v.i. to pronounce s and z 
nearly like th; speak: v.t. to utter 
imperfectly or affectedly.: n. the im- 
perfect utterance of s and z. 

lissom (lis'um), n. supple; lithesome. 

list (list), n. a catalogue, roll, or reg- 
ister; the edge or selvage of cloth; 
strip of cloth; inclination to one 
side; small square molding. 

listen (lis'n) 7 v.i. to attend to closely, 
so as tahear; hearken; obey. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



LISTERISM 



444 



LIVELINESS 



Lister ism (list'er-izm), n. the anti- 
septic method of operating and dress- 
ing, introduced by Sir J. Lister. 

listing ('ing), n. the act of making a 
schedule. 

listless ('les), adj. indifferent; lan- 
guid. 

lit, p.t. & p.p. of light. 

litany (lit'a-ni), n. a solemn respon- 
sive form of supplication. 

liter (le'ter), in the metric system, a 
measure of capacity, = 61.026 cubic 
inches, or a little more than 1 quart. 

literacy (lit-er-a-si), n. the state of 
being able to read and write. 

literal ('er-al), adj. consisting of, or 
expressed by, letters; following the 
exact words; exact; plain. 

literary ('er-a-ri), adj. pertaining to, 
or appropriate to, literature or men 
of letters; versed in, or engaged in, 
literature. 

literate ('er-at), adj. instructed; 
learned: n. a literary man; a candi- 
date for holy orders who has not 
taken a university degree. 

literatesque (-It-tesk'), adj. fit for 
literature. 

literati (-a'tl), n.pl. the learned. 

literatim (-er-a/tim), adv. literally. 

literature Cer-a-tur), n. the written 
or printed literary productions of a 
country or period; literary work; 
learning. 

litharge (lith'arj), n. oxide of lead. 

lithe Qith), adj. supple; pliant. 

lithic (lith'ik), adj. pertaining to 
stone. 

lithium ('i-um), n. a metallic ele- 
ment. 
i lit ho, a prefix meaning stone, also 
lith, as lithoglyph, a carving on a 
gem or stone; lith&nthr&x, stone- 
coal, &c. 

lithochromatics (lith'o-kro-mat'iks) , 
n.pl. the art or process of painting 
in, oil upon stone and then transfer- 
ring it upon canvas. 

lithograph (lith'o-grM), n. a print 
reproduced from a drawing on stone : 
v.t. to draw, or engrave on stone, 
and transfer to paper. 



lithographic ('ik), adj. pertaining 
to lithography. Also lithographical. 

lithography (og'ra-fi), n. the art- of 
making a design on stone so that 
ink-impressions can be taken from it. 

lithoid ('oid), adj. stone-like; Of 
stone structure. 

lithotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the opera- 
tion of cutting into the bladder to 
remove stone. 

lithotrity (-ot'tri-ti), n. the surgical 
operation of crushing stone in the 
bladder. 

litigant (lit'i-gant), n. one who con- 
tends in law: adj. engaged in, or in- 
clined to, litigation. 

litigate ('i-gat), v.t. to contest in a 
court of law: v.i. to engage in a law- 
suit. 

litigation (-ga/shun), n. the act or 
process of carrying on a lawsuit; 
judicial contest. 

litigious (li-tij'us), adj. given to 
carrying on lawsuits; quarrelsome. 

litmus (lit'mus), n. a purple dye, ob- 
tained from certain lichens. 

litter (lifer), n. straw, hay, &c, used 
for horses' bedding: a frame-work 
with a bed, for carrying a person in 
a recumbent position; state of con- 
fusion or untidiness; number of 
young produced at one birth, as pigs, 
&c: v.t. supply with litter; cover 
with straw; scatter about careless- 
ly: v.i. bring forth a litter of young. 

litterateur (-a-ter'), n. a literary man. 

littoral ('o-ral), adj. pertaining^ to, 
near, or living on the shore; situ- 
ated between high- and low-water 
mark* n. country lying near the 
shore of a sea, lake, &c. 

liturgic (li-ter'jik), adj. pertaining 
to a liturgy. Also liturgical. 

liturgies Cjiks), n.pl. the science of 
liturgies. 

liturgy (lit'er-ji), n. [pi. liturgies 
(-jiz) ], the prescribed forms or rit- 
ual for public worship. 

livelihood (liv'li-hood), n. meai 
living. 

liveliness (-nes), n. briskness. 



ins of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




LIVELY 



445 



LOCALITY 



lively ('li), adj. active; brisk; ani- 
I mated; sprightly; vivid; forcible. 
. live-oak ('ok), n. an American oak 
valuable for shipbuilding. 

liveried (-id), adj. clothed in livery. 

liverwort ('wert), n. a name for any 
cryptogamous plant of the class 
Hepaticae. 

livery ('er-i), n. [pi. liveries (-iz) ], 
a particular costume worn by serv- 
ants; the state of being kept and fed 
at a stipulated rate, as horses. 
: liveryman (-man), n. [pi. liverymen 
(-men) }, the keeper of a livery- 
stable. 

livery-stable (-sta/bl), n. sl stable 
where horses are kept and let out 
for hire. 
' livid ('id), adj. black and blue; dis- 
colored as by a blow; ashy pale. 
; livre (le'ver), n. an old French money 
of account, value 193^ cents. 

lixiviate (liks-iv'i-at), v.t. to dis- 
solve out the saline matter from 
(wood-ashes) ; form into lye. 

lizard (liz'ard), n. a lacertihan reptile 
having a scaly body, and four well- 
developed limbs, each with five toes. 

llama (la'ma), n. a South American 
quadruped, somewhat resembling a 
camel. 

llama. Same as lama. 

llanero (lya-na'ro), n. a herdsman of 
i he South American llanos. 

llanos ('noz or la'noz), n.pl. the ex- 
tensive level grassy plains, or steppes 
of South America. 

loach (loch), n. a small edible fresh- 
water fish; a simpleton. 

loaded ('ed), p. adj. laden; drunk. 

loadline Clin), n. the line to which a 
vessel sinks when loaded with her 
full cargo. 

loadstar ('star), n. the pole-star. 

loadstone ('ston), n. magnetic oxide 
of iron; magnet. Also lodestone. 

loaf (lof), v.i. to idle away time: n. 
[pi. loaves (lovz) ], a large cake of 
bread. 

loafer O'er), n. an idler; cadger. 

loam (lorn), n. rich vegetable mold, 



with clay and sand: -v.t. to cover 
with loam. 

loan (Ion), n. a sum of money lent 
for a period, repayable with inter- 
est; something granted for tempo- 
rary use: v.i. to lend money. 

loath (loth), adj. unwilling; reluc- 
tant. 

loathe (\oth), v.t. to regard with ab- 
horrence or disgust; detest: v.i. to 
feel nausea. 

lob (lob), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lobbed, p.pr. 
lobbing], to toss gently: v.i. to bowl 
lobs: n. a large worm, used for fish- 
ing, the lugworm; a slow ball bowled 
underhand. 

lobate (lo'bat), adj. lobe-like. 

lobby (lob'i), n. [pl.^ lobbies ('iz) ], 
a small hall or waiting room; pas- 
sage opening before an apartment; 
that part of the hall of a legislative 
chamber to which the public have 
access: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. lobbied, p.pr. 
lobbying], to solicit the votes of 
members of a legislature to carry a 
particular measure, 

lobbyist (-ist), n. a person, not a 
member, who tries to influence the 
votes of members of a legislative 
body. 

lobe (lob), n. any rounded and pro- 
jecting part; a subdivision of an 
organ. 

lobelet ('let), n. a small lobe. 

Lobelia (lo-be'lia), n. an extensive 
genus of plants with handsome flow- 
ers, including the Indian tobacco 
plant, &c. 

lobster ('ster), n. an edible marine 
decapod crustacean. 

lobule ('ul), n. a small lobe. 

lobworm. Same as lugworm. 

local (lo'kal), adj. pertaining to 
place; restricted to a particular 
place: n. a newspaper paragraph of 
local interest; a suburban train. 

locale (-kal'), n. place; locality 
[French]. 

localism ('kal-izm), n. a word, idiom, 
or custom restricted to a particular 
locality. 

locality (kal'i-ti), n. [pi. localities 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



LOCALIZE 



446 



LOGICAL 



(-tiz) ], existence in or limitation to 
a place; position. 

localize ('kal-iz), v.t. to limit to a 
particular place. 

local option (op'shun), n. the re- 
striction of the sale of intoxicating 
liquors by the majority of the voters 
of a district. 

locate (lo'kat), v.t. to place; estab- 
lish; mark out and determine the 
position of: v.i. to settle. 

location (-ka/shun), n. place; plot 
of ground marked out by boundaries. 

locative (lok'a-tiv), adj. noting place. 

loch (lokh), n. a lake [Scotch]. 

lockage ('aj), n. difference of level of 
the water between canal locks ; dues 
paid for passage through a lock. 

locker ('er), n. a receptacle secured 
by a lock. 

locket ('et), n. a small gold or silver 
case attached to a necklace or chain. 

lockjaw ('jaw), n. a spasmodic dis- 
ease by which the lower jaw is 
drawn up and becomes fixed; te- 
tanus. 

lockman ('man), n. an under-sheriff 
in the Isle of Man. 

lockout ('out), n. the exclusion of 
workmen f ronT a factory by an em- 
ployer to compel them to accept his 
terms: v.t. to close a factory against. 

lockup ('up), n. a temporary prison; 
calaboose; jail. 

loco (lo'ko), n. a name for various 
poisonous American plants, causing 
disease to animals eating them; also 
the disease so caused. 

locomotion (-mo'shun), n. the act 
or power of moving from place to 
place. 



J 

e of the 



bling the grasshopper; a tree 
bean family. 

locution (-ku'shun), n. speech; 
phrase. 

lode (lod), n. a vein containing metal- 
lic ore. 

lodestar, lodestone. See loadstar, 
&c. 

lodge (loj), v.t. to furnish with 
temporary dwelling: v.i. to reside 
for a time; be deposited or fixed: n. 
a small house in a park; gate-keep- 
er's cottage; wild beast's den; hut of 
an American Indian; place where 
members of an association meet, es- 
pecially Freemasons; the members 
themselves. 

lodger ('er), n. one who r 
lodgings. 

lodgment ('ment), n. the act of 
lodging; the state of being lodged; 
accumulation of something deposit- 
ed; occupation pf a military posi- 
tion. 

loft (loft), n. a room directly beneath 
a roof. 

loftily ('i-li), adv. in a lofty manner. 

lofty ('i), adj. [comp. loftier, superl. 
loftiest], very high; proud; stately; 
sublime. 

logarithm ('a-rithm), n. the expo- 
nent of the power to which a fixed 
number (the base) must be raised 
in order to produce a given number. 

logarithmic (-rith'mik), adj. per- 
taining to, or consisting of, loga- 
rithms. Also logarithmical. 

log-book ('book), n. a ship's diary, 
or journal, recording the progress of 
a vessel, daily occurrences, &c. 

loge (loj) n. box at a show. 



locomotive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to loggan ('an), n. a rocking-stone. 



locomotion; not stationary: n. a 

steam engine for drawing railway 

cars. 
locomotor ('ter), adj. pertaining to 

locomotion: n. a motor. 
locomotor ataxy (a-tak'si), n. want 

of co-ordination of the movements of 

the legs. 
locust ('kust), n. a migratory and 

destructive winged insect resem- 



loggerhead ('er-hed), n. a blockhead. 
loggia (loj 'a), n. a covered gallery 

or portico; an open balcony in a 

theater. 
logging (log'ing), n. the business of 

cutting down timber. 
logic (loj'ik), n. the science of correct 

reasoning, especially of inference. 
logical (-81), adj. pertaining to, or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




LOGICIAN 



447 



LOOT 



used in, logic; according to the rules 
of logic. 

logician (lo-jish'un), n, one skilled 
in logic. 

logistics (-jis'tiks), n.pl. sexagesimal 
arithmetic; the science of moving 
and supplying armies. 

logo, a prefix meaning speech, word, 
ratio, as logotype, a type containing 
two or more letters, as ff. 

logogram (log'o-gram), n. a letter or 
sign standing for a word, as d for 
pence, &c; a word-puzzle in verse. 

logograph (log'o-graf), n. a written 
word. 
: logography (lo-gog'ra-fi), n. a method 
of printing in which a type repre- 
£ sents a word instead of a letter. 

logomachy (log-om'aki), n. a battle 
of words; furious argument or 
debate. 
. logotype. See under logo. 

logrolling (-ing), n. the act of rolling 
logs; united action in carrying 
legislative schemes for mutual bene- 
fit; mutual praise by authors of 
each other's books. 

logwood ('wood), n. a wood of a 
deep-red color, used in dyeing. 

loin (loin), n. the lower part of the 
back of a quadruped or man: pi. 
the reins. 

loiter (loi'ter), v.t. to idle (with 
away) : v.i. to spend time idly; delay; 
linger. 
. loll (lol), v.i. to lounge at ease; hang 
out the tongue. 

lone (Ion), adj. solitary; retired; by 
one's self; unmarried or in widow- 
hood. 

loneliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
being lonely. 

lonesome ('sum), adj. secluded from 
society depressed; unfrequented; 
drearily solitary. 

longboat ('bot), n. the largest and 
strongest boat of a ship. 

longbow ('bo), n. a long powerful 
bow formerly used by English arch- 
ers. 

longcloth ('kl6th), n. a superior cot- 
ton fabric. 



long-dozen (-duz'n), n. thirteen. 

longevity (lon-jev'i-ti), n. extended 
age. 

longhand ('hand), n. ordinary hand- 
writing, as distinguished from short- 
hand. 

longi, a prefix meaning long, as longi- 
corn: adj. long-horned. 

longing (long'ing), n. earnest desire. 

longitude (lonj'i-tud), n. distance 
east and west on the earth's surface 
measured from a meridian or place, 
estimated in degrees; on the ecliptic, 
distance in degrees from the vernal 
equinox. 

longitudinal (-tud'i-nal), adj. per- 
taining to longitude, or leng'th. 

long-primer ('prim-er), n. a size of 
type between small pica and bour- 
geois (see type). 

longshoreman (long'shor-man), n. a 
wharf laborer. 

loo (loo), n. a card game. 

looby ('bi), n. an awkward fellow. 

loof (loof)> n- the fullest part of a 
ship's bow. 

lool (lool), n. a vessel for receiving 
the washings of ore. 

loom (loom), n. a frame or machine 
for weaving cloth; an oar handle: 
v.i. to rise gradually and appear 
larger than in reality. 

loon (loon), n. the great northern 
diver. 

loony ('i), adj. crazed. 

loop (loop), n. a folding or doubling 
of string, rope, &c; noose through 
which a cord may be run: anything 
resembling a loop: v.t. to form into, 
furnish with, or secure with, loops. 

loophole ('hoi), n. a narrow aper- 
ture for observation or defense; 
means of evasion. 

loopline ('lin), n. a railway line run- 
ning out of and rejoining the main 
line. 

loosen (loos'n), v.t. to free from 
tightness, restraint, or tension; free 
from costiveness. 

loot (loot), v.t. to pillage or plunder, 
especially a captured city: n. booty 
thus taken. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



LOP 



448 



LOUD 



lop 0°p)> v -t- \V-t- & V-V- lopped, p. 
pr. lopping], to cut off (a part of 
anything), especially branches of a 
tree; cut off partially; trim; let 
fall: v.i. to hang down: n. a hang- 
ing down; that which is lopped, as 
branches. 

lopsided ('si-ded), n. heavier on one 
side. 

loquacious (lo-kwa'shus), adj. talk- 
ative. 

loquacity (-kwas'i-ti), n. talkative- 
ness. 

lord (lord), ft. a ruler or governor; 
master; one possessed of supreme 
power; the owner of a manor; a 
baron in the British peerage; the 
son of a duke or marquis; eldest 
son of an earl; title of honor given 
to certain' officials: v.t. to invest With 
authority; preside over: v.i. to dom- 
ineer. 

lordliness ('li-nes), n. lordly degree 
or rank; pride; haughtiness. 

lordling ('ling), n. a little or would- 
be lord. 

lordly (-li), adj. like a lord; noble, 
aristocratic ; haughty, imperious : 
adv. proudly, despotically. 

lordosis (lor-do'sis), n. in pathology, 
an irregular curvature of the bones; 
curvature of the spine forward. 

lords-and-ladies, n. In botany, the 
European wake-robin {Arum Ma- 
culatum). 

lordship ('ship), n. the state, quali- 
ty, or jurisdiction of a lord; title of 
address (with his or your) given to 
noblemen and judges. 

Lord's Supper ('z sup'er), ft. the 
Holy Communion or Eucharist. 

lore (lor), n. learning; instruction; 
space between the eye and bill of a 
bird. 

loret*e (lo-ref) n. a woman of the 
demi-monde [French]. 

Lorettine (lo-ret-tin), n. A nine- 
teenth century order of nuns found- 
ed in Kentucky, devoted to the edu- 
cation of girls and destitute orphans. 
Also called Sisters of Loreto and 



Friends of Mary at the Foot of the 
Cross. 

lorgnette (lor-nyef), n. a long-han- 
dled opera glass; a pair of eye- 
glasses fixed to a long handle into 
which they shut. 

lorikeet (lor-i-kef), n. a straight- 
billed parrot. 

lorn (lorn), adj. forsaken; forlorn. 

lorry (lor'i), n. [pi. lorries ('iz) ], a 
long four-wheeled wagon without 
sides; a miner's hand-cart. 

lory (lo'ri), ft. [pi. lories ('riz) ], a 
species of parrot with brilliant 
plumage. 

loss (16s), n. detriment; injury; pri- 
vation; failure; defeat; that which 
is lost- 
lot (lot), ft. fortune; destiny; por- 
tion or parcel; anything used to 
determine chances; great quantity; 
v.t. to separate into lots; assign; 
catalogue. 

Lothario (lo-tha'ri-o), ft. a gay de- 
ceiver or libertine, from Rowe's "The 
Fair Penitent." 

lotion ('shun), n. a medicated fluid 
for outward application. 

lottery (lot'er-i), n. [pi. lotteries 
(-iz) ], a distribution of prizes by 
chance; drawing of lots. 

lotto ('6), n. a parlor game played 
with 24 cards and wooden discs 
numbered 1 to 100. 

Lotus (lo'tus), n. a genus of the 
water-lily family, especially the sa- 
cred lotus of the ancient Nile; a 
name for various trees or shrubs, 
the fruit of which was fabled to 
cause forgetfulmess of care and in- 
duce a state of dreamy indolence. 

Lotus-Eater, n. one of the Lotophagi 
of mythology; an indolent dreamer; 
noted in Homer's "Odyssey." 

louchettes (loo-shets'), n.pl. colored 
spectacles for direct vision in stra- 
bismus. 

loud (loud), adj. high- or full- sound- 
ing; noisy; ostentatious in dress or 
manner; showy; having an unpleas- 
ant odor: adv. loudly. 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



LOUD-MOUTHED 



449 



LUCERNE 



loud-mouthed, adj. having a noisy, 
offensive manner of speaking. 

lough (lokh), n. a lake [Irish]. 

louis d'or (loo'i dor'), n. an old 
French coin, of varying value 
(about $4.). 

lounge (lounj), v.i. to saunter about 
in a lazy manner; loll; live indo- 
lently: n. the act of lounging; a 
low-backed couch. 

lounger, n. an idler; one who loiters 
away his time. * 

loup (loop), n. a mask or half -mask 
worn by masqueraders. 

lourd (lurd), adj. dull, stupid, fool- 
" ish: n. a stupid, worthless fellow. 

louse (lous), n. [pi. lice (lis) ], a 
parasitic insect of various species, 
especially those of the genus Pedicu- 
lus, parasitic on man. 

lousy (lou'zi), adj. infested with lice. 

lout Gout), n. an awkward fellow. 

louver (loo'ver), n. an open turret 
or lantern on the roof of a building. 

lovable (luv'a-bl), adj. worthy of 
love. 

lovability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the quality 
that attracts love. 

love (luv), n. a strong feeling of af- 
fection, especially to one of the op- 
posite sex; courtship; devoted af- 
fection for or attachment to; pa- 
rental care; a sweetheart: v.t. to 
regard with strong affection; feel 
devotion toward; delight in: v.i. to 
be in love ; have strong affection. 

love-apple ( r ap-l), n. the tomato. 

love-bird ('berd), n. a small bird of 
the parrot family. 

love-feast ('fest), n. a religious feast 
of commemoration. 

love-lies-bleeding (-llz-bled'ing), n. 
a species of amaranth. 

loving-cup (-kup), n. a wine-cup, 
usually with several handles, passed 
round from guest to guest. 

lowbell Cbel), n. a sheep- or cattle- 
bell. 

Low Church (cherch), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Evangelical section of the 
English Church, or to its doctrines. 



Low Countries (lo'kun-triz), n. term 
for Netherlands and Belgium. 

lower ('er), v.t. to lessen or bring 
down; reduce in price or value; 
weaken; humble; change to a lower 
pitch: v.i. to become lower; sink; 
fall; (lou'er) to appear dark, gloomy, 
or threatening. 

lower case (kas), n. that part of a 
compositor's case which contains 
the small printing types. 

lowering (lou'er-ing), p.adj. over- 
cast with clouds; threatening a 
storm; gloomy. 

lowermost (lo'er-most), adj. lowest. 

lowing ('ing), n. the bellow of cattle. 

lowland ('land), adj. pertaining to 
a low or level country: n.pl. a level 
country. 

Low Latin (lat'in), n. mediseval Latin. 

lowliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
being lowly. 

low mass (mas), n. mass said with- 
out musical accompaniment and by 
one priest. 

loxia (loks'i-a), n. wryneck. , 

loxo, a prefix meaning slanting. 

loyal (loi'al), adj. faithful in allegi- 
ance to one T s sovereign or country; 
true to plighted faith or duty. 

loyalist (-ist), n, one who adheres 
to and supports the authority of his 
sovereign or country. 

lozenge (loz'enj), n. an oblique-an- 
gled parallelogram; a rhomb; dia- 
mond-shaped figure used in heraldry; 
a sweetmeat. 

lubber (lub'er), n. an awkward, 
clumsy fellow; a raw sailor. 

lubricant (lu'bri-kant), n. a substance 
for lubricating. 

lubricate (-kat), v.t. to make smooth 
or slippery. 

lubricator (-er), n. one who, or that 
which, lubricates, especially a de- 
vice for oiling machinery. 

lubricity (loo-bris'i-ti), n. lewdness; 
sensuality. 

lucernal (-ser'nal), adj. pertaining to 
a lamp, or to artificial lignt. 

lucerne (-sern'), n. a clover-like plant 
cultivated for fodder; alfalfa. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



■■ 



«___ 



LUCID 



450 



LUNATIC 



lucid ('sid), adj. clear; readily under- 
stood; shining; transparent. 

lucidity ('i-ti), n. the state of being 
lucid. 

Lucifer ('si-fer),' n. Venus, as the 
morning star; Satan. 

lucifer, n. a match ignited by fric- 
tion. 

lucky ('i), adj. [comp. luckier, su- 
perl. luckiest], having good luck or 
fortune; successful; auspicious. 

lucrative (lu-kra-tiv), adj. profita- 
ble. 

lucubration (-ku-bra/shun), n. a 
literary composition produced as the 
result of protracted study. 

luculi ('ku-li), n.pl. bright spots on 
the sun's surface. 

luculite (-ku'Ht), n. a variety of 
black marble, cut and polished for 
ornamental purposes. 

ludicrous ('di-krus), adi. exciting 
mirth; comical; droll. 

luff (luf), n. the weather-gauge, or 
that part of a ship toward the 
wind; ^the act of sailing close to 
the wind; luff-tackle: v.i. to steer 
nearer to the wind. 

luff-tackle (-tak'l), n. 'a large tackle 
consisting of a double and a single 
block. 

lug (lug), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lugged, 
p.pr. lugging], to pull or draw along: 
v.i. to drag; move heavily; pull 
laboriously: n. the act or effort of 
lugging; something difficult to move; 
a projecting; part; the ear; a lug-sail; 
handle of a vessel: pi. conceited airs. 
'luggage ('aj), n. effects of a traveler; 
baggage. 

lugger ('er), n. a small vessel with 
2 or 3 masts with a running sprit 
and lug-sails. 

lug-sail ('sal), n. a square sail, with- 
out boom or lower yard, bent to a 
yard that hangs nearly at right an- 
gles to the mast. 

lugubrious (-gu'bri-us), adj. mourn- 
ful. 

lugworm ('werm), n. a sand worm. 

lukewarm ('warm), adj. moderate- 
ly warm. 



lull (lul), v.t. to soothe to sleep; quiet: 
v.i. to become calm: n. abatement; 
temporary calm. - 

lullaby ('&-bi), n. [pi. lullabies (-biz)], 
a cradle-song. 

lumbago (-ba'go), n. rheumatism of 
the muscles of the loins. 

lumber ('ber), n. rubbish; forest 
timber sawed for market: v.t. to fill* 
with lumber or rubbish; heap to- 
gether in disorder: v.i. to cut down 
timber and prepare it for market. 

lumberer Cber-er), n. one who cuts 
forest timber and shapes it for mar- 
ket. 

lumberman ('ber-man), n. one who 
is engaged in the lumber trade; a 
foreman of lumberers. 

luminary ('mi-na-ri), n. [pi. lumi- 
naries (-riz)], a body emitting light, 
especially a heavenly body; one who 
enlightens or instructs. 

luminescence (lu-mi-nes'ens), n. a 
power of emitting light possessed 
by certain bodies that have been 
exposed to light or radiant energy. 

luminiferous (-nif'er-us), adj. emit- 
ting, or transmitting, light. 

luminous ('mi-nus), adj. emitting or 
radiating light; bright; clear; per- 
spicuous. 

lump (lump), n. a small shapeless 
mass; aggregate; gross; a swelling; 
v.t. to throw or unite in the gross; 
heap indiscriminately; put up with. 

lumper ('er), n. a docker; militiaman. 

lumpfish ('fish), n. a thick marine 
fish with horny spines. 

lumpy ('i), adj. full of lumps. 

lunacy (lu'na-si), n. [pi. lunacies 
(-siz)], _ mental unsoundness: adj. 
pertaining to lunacy, or to lunatics. 

lunar ('nar), adj. pertaining to, 
measured by, or influenced by, the 
. moon: n: lunar distance. 

lunar month (munth), n. a month 
measured by the complete revolution 
of the moon = 293^ days. 

lunar year (yer), n. a year of twelve 
lunar months = 354 1-3 days. 

lunate ('nat), adj. crescent-shaped. 

lunatic ('na-tik), adj. affected with, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boo^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



LUNATION 



451 



LYCEUM 



or characteristic of, lunacy: n. one 
who is insane. 
lunation (-na'shun), n. a complete 

revolution of the moon. 
lunch (lunch), n. a light meal be- 
tween breakfast and dinner. Also 
luncheon: v.i. to take lunch. 

lunette (lti-net'), n. anything shaped 
like a half-moon, as in fortification, 
&c. a flattened watch-glass. 

lunge (lunj), n. a sudden thrust or 
pass with the sword; sudden lurch: 
v.i. to make a lunge. 

lungwort (lung'wert), n. a plant 
with dark-colored leaves spotted 
with white; a lichen growing on 
trees 

luni, a prefix meaning moon, as luni- 
solar: adj. produced by the united 
attraction of the moon and the sun. 

lunula (lu'nurla), n. [pi. lunulae 
(-le) ], the white crescent-shaped 
part of the nail near the root. 

lupine (lu'pin), adj. pertaining to, or 
resembling a wolf; wolfish. 

lupus ('pus), n. a chronic tubercu- 
lous disease which eats into the 
skin, especially of the face. 

lurch (lerch), n. a sudden roll to one 
side, as of a ship; tendency; a dif- 
ficult or forlorn position; a losing 
position in cribbage: v.i. to roll 
suddenly to one side. 

lure (lur), v.t. to allure: n. any- 
thing used as an enticement; bait; 
a -long carved trumpet used in Scan- 
dinavia. 

lurid ('id), adj. greyish-orange; wan; 
ghastly; pale; gloomy. < - 

lurk (lerk), v.i. to He in wait^_be con- 
cealed. 

luscious (lush 'us), adj. sweet to ex- 
cess; delightful to the* taste or sense; 
fulsome. 

lush (lush), adj. rich and juicy: n. 
intoxicating drink. 

lust (lust), n. strong desire to pos- 
sess or enjoy; concupiscence: v.i. 
to desire strongly; have inordinate 
desires (with after). 

lustily ('i-li), adv. in a lusty man- 



lustral (lus'tral), adj. pertaining to, 

or used in, purification. 
lustration (-tra'shun), n. purifica- 
tion. 
luster ('ter), n. brightness; splen- 
dor; brilliancy of reflected light; re- 
nown; a cnandelier ornamented 
with cut glass pendants; a lustrous 
dress-cloth; the quality and intensi- 
ty of fight reflected from the surface 
of minerals. 

lustrous ('trus), adj. having a lus- 
ter. • 

lustwort ('wert), n. the plant sun- 
dew. 

lusty ('i), adj. [comp. lustier, superl. 
lustiest], robust; vigorous; healthy. 

lute (liit), n. a stringed' musical in- 
strument of the guitar family ; a 
composition of clay, &c, used for 
making the joints of vessels air- 
tight, or protecting them from the 
action of fire. 

Lutheran ('ther-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Luther, the German reformer, 
or to the Lutheran Church and its 
doctrines: n. a member of the Lu- 
theran Church. 

lux (luks), n. [pi. luces (lu'sez) ], the. 
unit of intensity of electrical illumi- 
nation. 

luxuriance (lug-zu'ri-ltns), n.^ exu- 
berant in growth. Also luxuriancy. 

luxuriant ('ri-ant), adj. character- 
ized by luxuriance; superabundant; 
superfluous. 

luxuriate ('ri-at»), v.i. to grow ex- 
uberantly; live luxuriously; indulge 
unrestrainedly. 

luxurious ('ri-us), adj. pertaining to 
luxury; indulging in, or administer- 
ing to, luxury. 

luxury (luk'shu-ri) , n. [pi. luxuries 
(-viz)], extravagant indulgence, in 
the pleasures of the senses, dress, 
&c; a dainty; anything productive 
of enjoyment. 

ly, a suffix meaning like, or pertain- 
ing to, as womanly, &c. 

Lyceum (li-se'um), n. [pi. Lyceums, 
Lycea ('umz, 'a) ], originally the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






" i— 



LYCEUM 



452 



LYRIC POETRY 



grove at Athens where Aristotle 
taught. 

lyceum (-se'um), n. a literary semi- 
nary; an academy; a literary asso- 
ciation; an intermediate classical 
school. 

Lycurgan (-ker'gan), adj. pertaining 
to Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver, 
noted for the severity of his code of 
laws: hence relentlessly severe. 

lyddite (lid'it), n. a powerful explo- 
sive, consisting chiefly of picric acid. 

Lydian (lid'i-an), adj. pertaining to 
ancient Lydia in Asia Minor, noted 
for its luxury, music, and purple 
dyes; effeminate; voluptuous. 

lye (li), n. an alkaline solution. 

lying-in (-in), adj. pertaining to 
childbirth: n. parturition 

lymph (limf), n. a colorless alkaline 
nutritive fluid in animal bodies. 

lymphatic (lim-fat'ik), cdj. pertain- 



ing to, conveying, or containing 
lymph; sluggish: pi. the minute 
ducts which convey lymph. 

lynch (linch), v.t. to judge and punish 
by lynch-law. 

lynch-law ('law), n. summary pun- 
ishment by private individuals with- 
out the usual legal f ormalities. 

lynx (links), n. a fierce cat-like animal, 
proverbial for its keenness of sight. 

lyrate (ll'rat), adj. lyre-shaped. 

lyre (lir), n. a musical instrument of 
the harp kind: used by the ancients 
to accompany the voice. 

lyre-bird ('berd), n. an Australian 
bird having a tail shaped like a lyre. 

lyric (lir'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
adapted to singing to, a lyre: n. a, 
lyric composition. 

lyric poetry (po'et-ri), n. poetry 
expressive of the emotion of the poet. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



M 



M, the thirteenth letter of the English 
alphabet. 

Macadamize (mak-ad'am-iz), v.t. to 
cover (a road) with small broken 
stone, so as to form a smooth hard 
rounded surface. 

macaroni (-a-ro'ni), n. a paste com- 
posed chiefly of fine flour and made 
into long thin tubes; a dandy of the 
18th century. 

macaronic (-ron'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or like, macaroni, or to a 
burlesque composition consisting of 
a jumble of incongruous words: n. 
macaronic verse. 

macaroon (-roon'), n. a small cake 
made of flour, eggs, almonds, and 
sugar. 

macaw (ma-kaw'), n. a large and 
handsome species of parrot with 
strong hooked bill. 

mace (mas), n. a massive staff usually 
surmounted with a crown; a heavy 
billiard cue; the second covering 
of the nutmeg. 

macerate (mas'er-at), v.t. to soften 
or separate the parts of by steeping 
in a fluid; mortify or harass. 

machan (ma-chan'), n. an elevated 
platform to protect a hunter in the 
jungle. 

machete (ma-cha'ta), n. a large 
heavy knife used by the inhabitants 
of South America for cutting through 
forests, &c. 

Machiavellian (mak-i-a-vel'i-an), adj. 
pertaining to Machiavelli, the Flor- 
entine statesman, or to his prin- 
ciples of political duplicity: hence 
crafty; double-dealing: n. a cunning, 
unprincipled politician. 



machination (-i-na'shun), n. a plot; 
artifice. 

machine (ma-shen'), n. any contri- 
vance to increase and regulate motive 
power; an engine; a light carriage 
or vehicle; one who acts mechanically 
or at the bidding of another. 

machinery ('er-i), n. machines col- 
lectively; parts of a machine; any 
combination by which something is 
kept in action or the result desired 
is obtained. 

machinist ('ist), n. a constructor of 
machines; one skilled in the princi- 
ples of machinery ; one who works, ' 
or attends to, a machine. 

mackerel (mak'er-el), n. an edible 
marine fish, mottled with green and 
blue. 

mackintosh (mak'in-tosh), n. an 
india-rubber water-proof overcoat. 

mackle ('1), v.t. to blot or blur, so 
as^to produce the impression of 
double printing. 

made ('1), n. a twin-crystal. 

macled ('Id), ad/, spotted. 

macro, a prefix meaning large, long, 
as macrocephalous, adj. large-headed. 

macrocosm (mak-ro'kozm), n. the 
universe. 

macrometer (ma-krom'e-ter), n. an 
optical instrument for determining 
the distance or size of inaccessible 
objects. 

macron (mak'ron), n. a mark (-) 
over a vowel to indicate that it is 
long, as came. 

macroplasia (mak-ro-pla'si-a), n. ab- 
normal growth of a tissue or organ 
of the body. 

macropsia (mak-rop'si-a), n. a defect 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(453) 



■im m 



■ 



MACROSCELES 



454 



MAGNANIMITY 



of vision through which objects 
appear of exaggerated size. 

macrosceles (mak-ros'e-les), n. one 
who has unusually long legs. 

macrosmatism (mak-ros'ma-tizm) , 
n. having the organs of smell well 
developed, as is usual with lower 
animals. 

macro tia (mak-ro'ti-a), n. having 
unusually large ears. 

madarosis (-a-ro'sis), n. loss of the 
hair, especially that of the eye- 
lashes. 

madcap ('kap), n. a wild, thought- 
less, eccentric person. 

madden ('n), v.t. to make mad or 
furious : v .i . to become mad or furious. 

madder ('er), n. a plant of the ge- 
nus Rubia, from the root of which 
a red dye and pigment is extracted. 

madding ('ing), adj. raging; furious. 

madeira (ma-de'ra), n. a rich wine 
made in the island of Madeira. 

mademoiselle (mad-mwa-zel'), in 
France, a title of courtesy given to 
a young lady. 

Madonna (ma-don'na), n. [pi. ma- 
donnas ('naz) ], a picture of the 
Virgin Mary, usually with the in- 
fant Christ. 

madras (ma-dras'), n. a cotton print 
of which shirting is made. 

madreperl (mad're-perl), n. mother- 
of-pearl. 

madrepore (mad're-por), n. coral. 

madrigal ('ri-gal), n. a light amor- 
ous song; a pastoral poem^ a part 
song unaccompanied by music. 

maelstrom (mal'strum), n. a cele- 
brated whirlpool on the Norwegian 
coast. 

Mafia (ma'fi-a), n. a secret order in 
Sicily, now used in carrying out 
criminal purposes. Supposed to be 
allied with the Black Hand, or 
Mano N.era, a similar organization. 

magazine (mag-a-zen'), n. a ware- 
house; receptacle for military stores, 
as ammunition, &c; chamber in a 
gun; a periodical literary or scien- 
tific publication. 

magdalen ('da-len), n. a reformed 



prostitute, from Mary Magdalene 
(Luke vii. 36-50). 

magenta (ma-jen'ta), n. a red ani- 
line dye. 

maggot (mag'ot), n. the footless lar- 
va of a fly; grub; whim. 

maggoty ('ot-i), adj. full of mag- 
gots; whimsical. 

Magi (ma/jl), n.pl. among the Akka- 
dians and ancient Persians, the 
sacerdotal and learned class; the 
wise men of the East. 

Magian ('ji-an), adj. pertaining to 
the Magi: n. one of the Magi; 
an adherent of the Zoroastrian re- 
ligion. 

magic (maj'ik), n. the pretended art 
of working by the power or assist- 
ance of supernatural beings; sor- 
cery; witchcraft; enchantment: adj. 
pertaining to, produced by, or ex- 
ercising, magic; enchanted; necro- 
mantic. Also magical. 

magician (ma-jish'an), n. one skilled 
in magic. 

magic lantern (maj'ik lan'tern), n. 
an optical instrument for producing 
magnified objects on a screen. 

magic square (skwar), n. a series of 
numbers in parallel or equal rows 
so- arranged that the perpendicular, 
horizontal, and diagonal columns 
shall give the same sum. 

magisterial (maj-is-te'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to, or suitable to, a master 
or magistrate; authoritative. 

magistracy ('is-tra-si), n. [^.mag- 
istracies (-siz) ], the office or dignity 
of a magistrate; magistrates collec- 
tively. 

magistrate ('is-trat), n. a civil of- 
ficer invested with certain judicial 
and executive powers. 

Magna Charta ('na kar'ta), n. the 
Great Charter, forming the basis of 
civil liberty, granted by King John 
of England to the Barons, 1215. 
Also the Great Charter granted by 
Henry III. and confirmed by Ed- 
ward I. 

magnanimity (-na-nim'i-ti), n. great- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, 
book; hue, 



met; 
hut; 



mite, mit; note, 
think, then. 



north, not; boo; 



; Doon, 



f: 



MAGNANIMOUS 



455 



MAHORI 



ness of mind; elevation of soul; 
nobility. 

magnanimous (-nan'i-mus), adj. 
great of mind; elevated in soul or 
sentiment; generous; courageous; 
heroic. 

magnate ('nat), n. a person of rank 
or distinction; nobleman. 

magnesia (-ne'shi-a), n. a white 
tasteless earthy powder, the oxide of 
magnesium. 

magnesium light (lit), n. a power- 
ful and brilliant light produced by 
the conbustion of metallic magne-' 
sium. 

magnet ('net), n. the loadstone; a 
magnetized steel bar. 

magnetic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
exhibiting, or produced by, the mag- 
net or magnetism. 

magnetic poles (polz), n.pl. the two 
points in the north and south polar 
regions where the magnetic needle 
is vertical. 

magnetics (-net'iks), n. the science 
of magnetism. 

Iagnetism (-izm), n. that property 
possessed by various bodies, as iron 
or steel, of attracting or repelling 
each other according to certain phys- 
ical laws; the science that treats of 
such magnetic phenomena and laws. 
magnetize ('net-iz), v.t. to communi- 
cate magnetic properties to. 
magneto, a prefix meaning pertain- 

ting to, or caused by, magnetism, as 
ma^nefo-electricity, electric pheno- 
mena produced by magnetism. 
agnetograph ('o-graf), n. an in- 
strument for registering automatic- 
ally terrestrial magnetism. 
magnetometer (-om'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the intensity 
- of magnetic force. 

magnificable (-nif'i-ka-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being magnified or extolled. 
magnificence ('i-sens), n. grandeur 

of appearance; splendor; pomp, 
magnifico ('i-ko), n. formerly a cour- 
tesy title of the noblemen of Venice; 
the rector of a German university. 



magnifier ('ni-fi-er), n. one who, or 
that which, magnifies. 

magnify ('ni-fi), v.t. [pi. & p.p. mag- 
nified, p.pr. magnifying], to make 
great or greater; increase the ap- 
parent dimensions of; glorify or 
extol. 

magniloquent (-nil'o-kwent), adj. 
pompous in style or speech; bom- 
bastic. 

magnitude ('ni-tud), n. comparative 
size or bulk; extent of dimensions 
(length, breadth, and thickness); 
importance. 

magnolia (-no'li-a), n. 'a handsome 
sweet-scented flowering shrub. 

magnum ('num), n. a large wine 
bottle. 

magpie ('pi), n. a chattering bird of 
the crow genus. 

maguey ('wa or ma-ga'e), n. the 
century plant, a species of agave or 
American aloe. 

Magyar Cyar), adj. pertaining to 
the Hungarian race or language. 

Maharajah (ma-ha-ra'ja), n. the title 
of certain Hindu princes; literally, 
"great prince." 

mahatma (ma-hat 'ma), n. a priest 
of the inner cult of Buddhism; a 
theosophist of the highest rank. 

Mahdi (ma'de), n. a title given to 
certain Mohammedan spiritual lead- 
ers: applied especially to the last 
great millennial, spiritual or tem- 
poral leader {imam) of the Faithful. 

Mahdism ('dizm) , n. the doctrine of 
the coming of the Mahdi. 

mahl-stick (mawl'stik), n. a stick 
used by painters as a rest for the 
hand while painting. Also maul- 
stick. 

mahogany (ma-hog'a-ni), n. a tree 
of tropical America yielding a dark 
reddish-brown wood, used for fur- 
niture; a clining-table. 

Mahomedan or Mahometan. See 
Mohammedan. 

mahoohoo (-hoolioo), n. the white 
two-horned rhinoceros of Africa. 

Mahori (ma'ho-re), adj. pertaining to 
the Eastern Polynesian race. 



j, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MAHOUT 



456 



MALADY 



mahout (ma-hoof), **• an elephant 
driver or keeper. 

Mahratti (-rat'e), ft. the language of 
the Mahrattas, spoken in the Dec- 
can. Also Marathi. 

Mahratta ('a), adj. pertaining to 
the Mahrattas, a people inhabiting 
part of West and Central India, or 
to their language. 

maidenhair (-har), ft. a handsome 
and delicate-leafed fern. 

maidenhead (-hed), n. virginity. 

maidenhood (-hood), ft. the state of 
being a maiden. 

mail (mal), n. defensive body armor 
of steel, net, or plate-work; govern- 
ment system for conveying letters, 
&c; a receptacle for the conveyance 
of letters, &c; letters, &c, carried 
by post; tribute formerly levied by 
freebooters: v.t. to clothe with, or 
as with, mail; post, or send by post. 

mailable ('a-bl), adj. admissible by 
post. 

mailed ('d), adj. clad in, or covered 
by, mail; spotted; speckled; posted. 

mail-chute (mal'-shoot), ft. a vertical 
mail tube in hotels and office build- 
ings, to permit the mailing o i letters 
on every floor and their collection 
in a single receptacle at the foot of 
the tube. 

mailing-tube (ma'ling-tub), ft. a 
pasteboard cylinder for mailing 
printed matter or other fragile 
materials. 

mail-order (mal'-or'der), ft. a pur- 
chase-order received by mail instead 
of through agents or salesmen. 

maim (mam), v.t. to deprive of the 
use of a limb; cripple or mutilate: 
ft. an injury to the body by crippling 
or mutilation. 

main (man), adj. chief; principal; 
leading; direct: n. the ocean. 

mainmast (man'mast), ft. the prin- 
cipal mast of a vessel. 

mainsail (man 'sal), ft. the principal 
sail. 

mainsheet ('shet), ft. one of the 
ropes by which the mainsail is ex- 
tended and fastened. 



mainstay ('sta), ft. the stay extend- | 
ing from the foot of the foremast to \ 
the main-top. 

maintain (-tan'), v.t. to support; ; 
sustain; defend; vindicate; affirm; 
continue. 

maintenance ('tS-nans), ^ ft. suste- 
nance; support; vindication; cham- 
perty. 

maize (maz), ft. Indian corn. 

majestic (ma-jes'tik), adj. having 
dignity of person or mien; stately; 
noble; sublime. 

majesty (maj'es-ti), ft. [pi. majesties 
(-tiz) ], sovereignty; grandeur; no- 
bility; sublimity. 

majolica (ma-jol'i-ka), ft. a fine soft 
enameled kind of pottery. 

major (ma'jer), adj. greater in num- 
ber, extent, or quality; greater by 
a semitone^ [mus.]: ft. a military 
officer next in rank above a captain; 
the first proposition of a regular 
syllogism in which the major term 
is contained. 

major-domo (-do'mo), ft. the stew- 
ard of a household. 

major-general (-jen'er-al), ft. an 
officer next in rank below a lieuten- 
ant-general. 

majority (ma-jor'i-ti), ft. [pi. ma- 
jorities (-tiz) ], the state of being 
greater; greater number; more than 
half; full legal age (21); rank, &c, 
of a major. 

major term (ma'jer term), ft. that 
term of a syllogism which forms the 
predicate of the conclusion. 

makeshift (mak'shift), ft. a tempo- 
rary expedient. 

make-up ('up), ft. the general com- 
position of anything; artificial prep- 
aration. 

makeweight ('wat), ft. anything 
which is added to make up weight. 

mal, a prefix meaning ill, evil. Also 
male, as, maladroit, clumsy; male- 
volent, malicious, spiteful, &c. 

maladroit. See under mal. 

malady ('a-di), ft. [pi. maladies 
(-diz) ], a disease, especially a deep- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MALAGA 



457 



MALTINE 



seated or lingering disorder, mental 
or physical. 

malaga ('a-ga), n. a variety of wine. 

Malagasy ('a-gas-i), n. a native of 
Madagascar; the language of Mada- 
gascar. 

malaise (ma-laz'), n. a vague feeling 
of uneasiness, often as the presursor 
of an attack of illness. 

malapert ('a-pert), adj. pert; saucy. 

malapropism ('a-prop-izm), n. a 
grotesque misuse of fine words: from 
Mrs. Malaprop, in Sheridan's "The 
Rivals." 

malapropos (-ap-ro-po'), adv. unsea- 
sonably. 

malar (ma/lar), adj. pertaining to 
the cheek or cheek-bone. 

malaria (ma-la/ri-a), n. noxious ex- 
halations from marshy land, produc- 
ing fevers, &c. ; disease produced by 
such exhalations or by the bite of 
malaria-infested mosquitoes; chills 
and fever; ague. 

Malay (-la/), adj. pertaining to the 
inhabitants of Malay, or to their 
language. 

malcontent (mal'kon-tent), adj. dis- 
contented, especially with estab- 
lished authority. 

malediction (mal-e-dik'shun), n. de- 
nunciation of evil; execration; curse. 

malefactor ('e-fak-ter), n. an evil 
doe?; criminal. 

malevolence (ma-lev'o-lens), n. 
spitef illness; ill-will. 

malevolent. See under mal. 

malfeasance (mal-fe'zans), n. an il- 
legal act or deed. 

malformation (-for-ma'shun), n. 
faulty or abnormal structure of an 
organism. 

malic (ma'lik), adj. derived from 
fruit, especially from the apple. 

malice (mal'is), n. evil intention to 
injure others; deliberate mischief; 
spite. 

malicious (ma-lish'us), adj. bearing 
ill-will or spite; prompted by hatred. 

malign (-lin), v.t. to speak evil of; 
slander: adj. hurtful; pestilential. 



malignancy (-lig'nan-si), n. the state 
of being malignant; virulence. 

malignant ('nant), adj. malicious; 
pernicious; intending or effecting 
evil; virulent. 

maligner (-lin'er), n. one who ma- 
ligns. 

malignity (-lig'ni-ti), n. the state of 
being malignant; malice; virulence. 

malinger (-ling'ger), v.i. to feign ill- 
ness in order to evade duty. 

malison ('i-zn), n. a curse; execra- 
tion. 

mall (mawl), n. a large heavy wooden 
mallet or beetle; a public walk 
shaded by trees, originally a place 
where the game of pall-mall was 
played. 

mallard (mal' ard), n. a wild duck. 

malleability (-e-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being malleable. 

malleable ('e-a-bl), adj. capable of 
being extended by hammering or 
rolling. 

malleolar ('e-o-lar) adj. pertaining 
to the ankle. 

mallet ('et), n. a wooden hammer. 

malleus ( ; e-us), n. one of the three 
small auditory bones of the ear. 

mallow ('o) n. a plant of the genus 
Malva. Also mallows. 

malmsey (mam'zi), n. a rich variety 
of grape; a strong, full-flavored 
sweet wine. 

mal-nutrition (mal-nu-trish'un), n. 
a state of health in which the food 
is not properly assimilated. 

malpractice (mal-prak'tis), n. evil 
practice; illegal or immoral conduct. 

malt (mawlt) n. barley or other 
grain steeped in water, fermented, 
and kiln dried for brewing: adj. 
made with malt: v.t. to make into 
malt: v.i. to be converted into malt. 

Maltese (mawl'tez), adj. pertaining 
to Malta, or to its inhabitants. 

Malthusian (mal-thu'si-an), adj. 
pertaining to Malthus, the political 
economist, or his theory of dangerous 
overpopulation that should be 
checked by social restraints. 

maltine (mawlt'in), n. the fermenta- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. ■ 



MALT-LIQUOR 



458 



MANDREL 



tive principle of malt; a medicinal 
preparation in which malt forms 
the chief ingredient. 

malt-liquor (mawlt'lik-er), n. an 
alcoholic liquor made from malt, as 
beer, ale, stout. 

maltose Cos), n. sugar obtained 
from starch by the action of diastase 
or malt. 

maltreat (mal-tret), v.t. to treat ill 
or roughly. 

malversation (-ver-sa'shun), n. 
fraudulent practices, especially those 
committed in an office of trust. 

mama (ma-ma' or ma'ma), n. famil- 
iar name for mother. Also mamma. 

Mamaluke (mam'a-luk), n. one of a 
body of cavalry constituting the mil- 
itary force of Egypt: destroyed by 
Mehemet Ali (1811). Also Mam- 
eluke. 

mamma (ma-ma', or ma'ma), n. a 
family name for mother. 

mammae (mam'e), n.pl. the breasts. 

mammal ('al), n. one of the Mam- 
malia. 

Mammalia (-a/li-a), n.pl. the highest 
class of the Vertebrata, containing 
those animals which suckle their 
young. 

mammalian ('li-an), adj. pertaining 
to the Mammalia. 

mammary ('a-ri), adj. pertaining to 
the breasts. 

mammillary ('il-a-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or resembling, the breast or 
nipples. 

mammodis ('mo-dis), n. coarse plain 
Indian muslins. 

mammon ('un), n. wealth; worldly 
gain : from Mammon, the Syrian god 
of riches. 

mammoth ('moth), n. an extinct 
species of huge fossil elephants : adj. 
gigantic. 

manacle ('a-kl), n. a handcuff: v.t. 
to place handcuffs upon ; shackle. 

manage ('aj), v.t. to conduct or car- 
ry on; govern; render docile or trac- 
table; use cautiously; wield: v.i. to 
conduct affairs. 



manageable ('aj-a-bl), adj. easy to 
be managed; docile. 

management ('aj-ment), n. the act 
or art of managing; control; skill 
in direction; administration. 

manager ('a-jer), n. one who directs 
or conducts anything; a skilful econ- 
omist. 

managerial (-je'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a manager or to management. 

manakin ('a-kin), n. a dwarf. 

manatee (-a-te'), n. the sea-cow. 
Also manati. 

mandamus (-da'mus) (Latin : we com- 
mand), n. a writ issued by a superior 
court directing the person or in- 
ferior court to whom it is issued to 
perform some specified act. 

mandarin (-da-ren'), n. in China, an 
official or magistrate, of whom there 
are nine classes, each being distin- 
guished by a particular kind of but- 
ton worn on the cap; a variety of 
orange: v.t. to dye (silk, &c.) an 
orange color produced by the action 
of dilute nitric acid on the fiber. 

mandarinate ('at), n. mandarins 
collectively. 

mandarin duck (duk), n. an Asiat- 
ic duck with handsome plumage. 

mandatary ('da-ta-ri), n. a person 
to whom a mandate is given ; one to 
whom the Pope has, by his preroga- 
tive, given a mandate or order for 
his benefice. Also mandatory. 

mandate ('dat), n. an order; com- 
mand; Papal rescript. 

mandatory ('da-to-ri), adj. contain- 
ing a mandate; directory. 

mandible s ('di-bl), n. the jaw; in 
vertebrates, the under jaw; in birds, 
both jaws: in insects and crusta- 
ceans, the anterior pair. 

mandolin ('do-lin), n. a musical in- 
strument of the guitar kind. 

mandrake ('drak), n. a plant of the 
nightshade family, with narcotic 
properties. 

mandrel ('drel), n. the shank of a 
lathe on which the work to be turned 
is placed ; the revolving arbor of a 
circular saw. Also mandril. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge/ met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MANDRILL 



459 



MANIPULATION 



mandrill ('dril), n. the blue-faced 
baboon of Africa. 

mane (man), n. the long hair on the 
neck of certain quadrupeds, as the 
horse. 

manege (ma-nazh'), n. the art of 
horsemanship; the training of 
horses; a school for horsemanship. 

manes (ma'nez), n.pl. the shades of 
the departed; the deities of the in- 
fernal regions. 

maneuver, manoeuvre (ma-noo'- 
ver), n. adroit management or opera- 
tion in military or naval affairs ; 
skilful or dexterous management^ 
stratagem: v.i. to perform maneu- 
vers with troops or war vessels; 
manage with adroitness or address. 

manful (man 'fool), adj. courageous; 
resolute. 

manganate (mang'ga-nat), n. a salt 
of manganic acid. 

manganese (-nez), n. a grey-colored, 
hard and brittle metallic element. 

mange (manj), n. a cutaneous dis- 
ease of dogs, cattle, &c. 

manger (man'jer), n. a feeding 
trough for horses or cattle. 

mangle (mang'gl), v.t. to lacerate; 
mutilate; hack; to smooth with a 
mangle: n. a machine for smoothing 
linen. 

mangier (mang'gl er), n. a meat- 
chopping machine; one who man- 
gles. 

mango ('go), n. [pi. mangoes Cgoz) ], 
the fruit of the mango tree. 

mango-fish (-fish), n. a handsome 
yellow-colored edible fish of the 
Ganges. 

mangosteen (-sten), n. a delicious 
fruit of the size of an orange grow- 
ing in Java and the Moluccas. Also 
mangostan. 

mangrove (mang'grov), n. an East 
and West Indian tree yielding an 
edible fruit: its bark is used in 
tanning. 

mangy (man'ji), adj. affected with 
the mange; unkept. 

manhood ('hood), n. human nature; 
manliness. 



mania (ma'ni-a), n. violent insanity; 
intense excitement; excessive or un- 
reasonable desire. 

maniac ('ni-ak), adj. affected with 
mania: n. a madman. 

manicure (man'i-kur), n. the care of 
theiiands, nails, &c. 

manifest ('i-fest), adj. clear; plain; 
apparent: v.t. to make manifest; 
place beyond doubt: n. the invoice 
of a cargo to be exhibited to the cus- 
tom-house officials. 

manifesto (-fes'to), n. [pi. manifes- 
toes ('toz) ], a public declaration 
concerning political measures or in- 
tentions. 

manifold ('i-fold), adj. various in 
kind or quality ; numerous ; multi- 
plied; complicated: adv. many times: 
v.t. to reduplicate by means of a 
manifold- writer. 

manif older (man'i-fol-der), n. an 
apparatus for duplicating docu- 
ments in fac-simile; also the person 
who uses the apparatus. 

manigraphy (ma-nig'ra-fi), n. a dis- 
cription of the various forms of 
mania or insanity. 

manifold-writer (rl'ter), n. an ap- 
paratus for reduplicating a writing 
by means of thin tracing paper. 

manikin ('i-kin), n. a dwarf; a model 
of the human body for anatomical 
study. 

manila, manilla (ma-nil'a), n. a 
kind of cheroot manufactured at 
Manila in the Philippine Islands; a 
hemp used for ropes, matting, &c, 
made from the fibers of Musa tex- 
tiles, allied to the banana. 

maniple (man'i-pl), n. a kind of 
scarf worn on the left arm by a 
priest at mass; a company in an 
ancient Roman legion. 

manipulate (ma-nip 'u-lat), v.t. to 
operate or work by means of the 
hands; treat; control the action of, 
by management; falsify: v.i. to use 
the hands, especially in scientific 
operations, or mechanical processes. 

manipulation (-la'shun), n. the act 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






MANIPULATOR 



460 



MANURE 



or process of manipulating; manual 
dexterity; falsification. 

manipulator ('u-la-ter), n. one who 
manipulates. 

manis (ma'ni's), n. the scaly ant- 
eater. 

manism (ma/nizm), n. worship of 
the manes or shades of the departed. 

Manitou (man'i-too), n. the Great 
Spirit of the North American In- 
dians. 

manly ('li), adj. having the charac- 
teristics of a man; courageous; 
noble; dignified; resolute: adv. like 
a man. 

manna ('a), n. a name given by the 
Israelites to the food miraculously 
supplied in the wilderness (Ex. xvi. 
15); the sweet laxative juice exuded 
from certain species of ash of South- 
ern Europe. 

manner ('er), n. method; mode of 
action; habit; custom; sort; mien; 
aspect; style; fashion: pi. deport- 
ment; morals; behavior. 

mannerism (-izm), n. a peculiarity 
of style, action, or bearing, especial- 
ly if constrained or affected. 

mannerist (-ist), n. one who carries 
characteristic peculiarities to excess. 

manoeuvre (ma-noo'ver). See maneu- 
ver. 

man-of-war (man-of-wawr), n. [pi. 
men-of-war], a large ship of war. 

manometer (ma-nom'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for determining the den- 
sity of the air or other gas from its 
elastic force. 

manor (man'er), n. the district over 
which a feudal lord held authority, 
and subject to the jurisdiction of his 
court-baron; the land belonging to a 
lord, or so much as he formerly re- 
served for his own use; a tract of 
land occupied by tenants who pay a 
fee-farm rent to the owner. 

manorial (ma-no 'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a manor. 

mansard roof (man'sard roof), n. 
a roof which has on all sides two 
slopes, the lower being steeper than 
the upper. 



manse (mans), n. the residence of 
a Presbyterian parochial minister 
[Scotch]. 

mansion (man 'shun), n. a large 
dwelling house. 

manslaughter ('slaw-ter), n. the un- 
lawful killing of a human being, but 
without malice or premeditation. 

mantel ('tel), n. a narrow ornamental 
slab above a fireplace. Also mantel- 
piecev 

mantelet (-et), n. a kind of movable 
parapet for the protection of the 
besiegers; a small mantel; a besieging 
party. Also mantlet. 

mantilla (-til 'a), n. a lady's light 
cloak or hood. 

mantle (man'tl), n. a loose cloak or 
cape; the external fold of the skin 
of the body of mollusks; a conical 
net-work that becomes incandescent 
when heated: used over a gas jet, 
&c, to increase the brilliancy of the 
light: v.t. to cover with, or as with, 
a mantle; conceal: v.i. expand or 
spread out. 

mantua-maker ('tu-a-ma/ker), n. a 
dress-maker. 

manual ('ii-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or performed by, the hands: n. a 
handy compendium; the service book 
of the Roman Catholic Church; the 
keyboard of an organ or harmonium. 

manufactory (-fak'to-ri), n. [pi. 
manufactories (-riz)], the place where 
goods are manufactured. 

manufacture ('tur), v.t. to make or 
fabricate from raw materials; pro- 
duce artificially: v.i. to be occupied 
in manufactures: n.. the conversion 
"of raw materials into articles for 
use; the thing manufactured. 

manufacturing (-ing), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or used in, manufacture. 

manumission (-u-mish'un), n. the 
act of liberating from slavery; 
emancipation. 

manumit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
manumitted, p.pr. manumitting], to 
set free from slavery. 

manure (ma-nur'), n. any fertilizing 
substance used for enriching the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met,^ mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, j 
book; hue, hut; 'think, then. 



MANUS 



461 



MARK 



soil: v.t. to enrich with fertilizing 
substances. 

manus (ma'nus), n. the hand. 

manuscript (man'u-skript), adj. 
written: n. a book or paper written 
by hand. 

m an u type (man'u-tip), n. hand- 
printed matter in which the letters 
are separately impressed: v.t. to 
print by hand. 

Manx (mangks), adj. pertaining to 
the Isle of Man, to its inhabitants, 
or to the old language of the island. 

Maori (ma'o-ri, or mou'ri), adj. per- 
taining to the Maoris, or aborigines 
of New Zealand, or to their lan- 
guage. 

maple (ma'pl), n. a tree of several 
species of the genus Acer, from one 
of which the rock-maple sugar is 
extracted. 

mar (mar), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. marred, 
p.pr. marring], to disfigure; injure; 
damage: n. a blemish or disfigure- 
ment; injury. 

marabou (mar'a-boo), n. a large Af- 
rican stork, with handsome feath- 
ers. 

marabout (mar'a-boot), n. a Mo- 
hammedan saint, who professes to 
cure diseases by supernatural power. 

marasmus (ma-raz'mus), n. atrophy. 

Marathon (mar'a-thon), n. in ath- 
letics, a long distance race. 

maraud (-rawd'), v.i. to rove in 
search of plunder. 

marble (mar'bl), n. a hard lime- 
stone of various colors capable of 
taking a fine polish; anything re- 
sembling marble; a small ball of 
marble or stone: adj. made of, or 
like, marble; cold; hard; unfeeling: 
v.t. to stain or vein like marble. 

marchioness (mar'shun-es), n. the 
wife or widow of a marquis. 

marconigram (mar-ko'ni-gram), n. 
a message sent by Marconi's system 
of wireless telegraphy. 

Mardi Gras (mar'de gra), n. Shrove 
Tuesday, the last day of Carnival. 

mare (mar), n. the female of the 
horse. 



mare's-nest (marz'nest), n. some 
fancied discovery which proves to be 
a hoax. 

margarine (mar'ga-rin), n. artificial 
butter. 

margin ('jin), n. border; the part of 
a page at the edge, not printed 
upon; reserved amount; latitude: 
v.t. to furnish with a margin: enter 
on the margin of a page. 

marginal (-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
placed on, a margin. 

marginalia (-ji-na/li-a), n.pl. mar- 
ginal notes. 

marginate ('jin-at), adj. having a 
margin. Also marginated. 

margosa (-go'sa), n. an East Indian 
tree yielding a valuable oil and tonic 
bark. 

margot ('got), n. a variety of perch. 

margravate ('gra- vat), n. the do- 
main or jurisdiction of a margrave. 

margrave ('grav), n. sl German title 
of nobility. Fern, margravine. 

mariculture (ma'ri-kul-tur), n. de- 
velopment of the resources of the 
sea, particularly with reference to 
food supplies. 

marigold (mar'i-gold), n. a plant 
with showy yellow flowers of various 
genera. 

marine (ma-ren'), adj. pertaining to, 
living in, or formed by, the sea; 
naval; near to the sea; used at sea: 
n. a soldier who serves on a war- 
ship; the navy of a nation; naval 
affairs; collective shipping of a 
country. 

mariner (mar'i-ner), n. a sailor. 

marionette (mar-i-o-nef), n. a pup- 
pet moved by strings. 

marital ('i-tal), adj. pertaining ta- 
marriage. 

maritime ('i-tlm), adj. pertaining to, 
connected with, or bordering upon, 
the sea; naval. 

marjoram (mar'jo-ram), n. a genus 
of aromatic plants, containing the 
sweet marjoram. 

mark (mark), n. a visible sign by a 
which anything is known; impres- 
sion; evidence; target; a character 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MARKEDLY 



462 



MARSUPIALIA 



made as a substitute for writing; 
an old Scotch coin = 27^ cents; a 
current German coin and monetary 
unit = 2434 cents; a former Euro- 
pean unit of weight = about 8 
ounces: v.t. to make a mark upon; 
notify by, or as by, a sign; distin- 
guish; take notice of; single out: 
v.i. to observe critically; take note. 

markedly ('ed-li), adv. distinctly; 
publicly. 

marker ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, marks; a counter in card- 
playing; one who registers the score 
at billiards. 

market (mar'ket), n. a, public place 
for the sale or purchase of commodi- 
ties; market .place; rate or price; 
v.i. to deal in a market; buy or sell. 

marksman (marks'man), n. [pi. 
marksmen ('men) ], one skilful in 
shooting. 

marl (marl), n. calcareous earth min- 
gled with clay and carbonate of 
lime; used as a manure: v.t. to ma- 
nure with marl; to wind with mar- 
lines. 

marline (mar'lin), n. a two-stranded 
cord used for winding round ropes, 
splicing, &c. 

marline-spike (-spik), n. a pointed 
piece of iron used for opening the 
strands of a rope in splicing. Also 
marling-spike. 

marling ('ling), n. the act of winding 
with marlines. 

marly ('li), adj. containing, or like, 
marl. 

marmalade ('ma-lad), n. a confec- 
tion made of oranges or other fruit. 

marmose ('mos), n. a species of small 
opossum. 

marmoset ('mo-zet), n. a species 
of small American monkey. 

marmot ('mot), n. the Alpine rat; 
prairie dog. 

maroon (ma-roon'), n. formerly a fu- 
gitive slave in the West Indies; one 
who is marooned: v.t. to place and 
abandon on a desert island: adj. of a 
brownish-crimson color. 

marplot (mar'plot), n. one who frus- 



trates some plan by his officious in- 
terference. 

marque (mark), n. a license granted 
by a state to a private vessel to 
make reprisals at sea on the ships of 
another nation. 

marquetry ('ket-ri), n. inlaid work. 

marquis ('kwis), n. a nobleman rank- 
ing next below a duke. Also mar- 
quess. Feminine marchioness. 

marquisate (-at), n. the seigniory, 
dignity, or lordship of a marquis. 

marriage (mar'aj), n. the act of le- 
gally uniting a man and woman in 
wedlock; marriage ceremony. 

marriageability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being marriageable. 

marriageable ('aj-a-bl), adj. fit, or 
of an age, to be married. 

married ('id), p. adj. united in wed- 
lock; conjugal. 

marrow ('6), n. the medulla or oily 
tissue which fills the cavities of 
bones; the essence of anything; a 
vegetable marrow. 

marrow-bone (-bon), n a bone con- 
taining marrow: pi. the knees. 

marrow-fat (-fat), n. a late variety 
of pea. 

Mars (marz), n. one of the planets: 
from the Roman god of war. 

Marseillaise (mar-se-lya'), adj. per- 
taining to Marseilles or to its in- 
habitants: n. national anthem of 
the first French Revolution: com- 
posed by Rouget de l'lsle, 1792. 

marseilles (-salz'), n. a double cloth 
fabric, quilted in the loom. 

marsh (marsh), n. a swampy tract of 
land. 

marshal (marshal), n. an official of 
high rank who superintends and 
regulates state ceremonies; a pur- 
suivant; in the French army, the 
highest military officer; a sheriff: 
v.t. to arrrange or dispose in order. 

marshiness ('shi-nes), n. the state of 
being marshy. 

marsupial (-su'pi-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Marsupialia: n. one of the 
Marsupialia. 

Marsupialia (-pi-a'li-a), n.pl. a sub- 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MART 



463 



MASSEUR 



class of mammals that carry their 
young in a marsupium or external 
pouch, as the opossum and kangaroo. 

mart (mart), n. a market; purchase 
and sale. 

martagon ('ta-gon), n. a variety of 
lily with purple-red flowers; the 
Turk's cap. 

marten ('ten), n. a small carnivorous 
animal of the weasel kind. 

martial ('shal), adj. pertaining to, 
or adapted for, war; military. 

martial law (law), n. a code of reg- 
ulations enforced by the military 
power and applicable to civilians in 
time of war, insurrection, &c. 

martian (mar'shan), n. a supposi- 
tious inhabitant of the planet Mars. 

martin ('tin), n. one of several spe- 
cies of birds allied to the swallow. 

martinet (-et), n. a strict disciplin- 
arian: pi. small lines fastened to the 
leech of a sail. 

martingale (-gal), n. a broad strap 
passing from the nose-band to the 
girth of a horse, between its fore 
legs, to keep its head down; a lower 
stay for the jib-boom or flying jib- 

: boom. 

martyr ('ter), n. one who testifies by 
his death to his faith or principles; 
one who suffers acutely: v.t. to put 
to death for adherence to some be- 
lief, especially Christianity; perse- 
cute; torture; destroy. 

martyrdom (-dum), n. the death or 
sufferings of a martyr. 

martyrology (-ol'o-ji), n. a register 
or history of martyrs. 

marvel ('vel), n. something extraor- 
dinary and astonishing; a prodigy: 
v.i. to be struck with astonishment; 
wonder. 

marvelous (-us), adj. exciting wonder; 
incredible. 

mascot ('kot), n. a person or thing 
that brings good fortune. Feminine 
mascotte [French] . 

masculine ('ku-lin), adj. pertaining 
to, having the qualities of, or suita- 
ble for, a man; manly; powerful; 



robust; coarse; noting the male gen- 
der in grammar. 

mash (mash), n. a soft or pulpy 
mass; a mixture of bran and water 
for horses; bruised malt, &c, steeped 
in hot water for making wort: v.t. 
to mix with hot water (as malt) 
in brewing; convert into a mash or 
soft pulpy state; to inspire love in. 

masher ('er), n. one who imperti- 
nently endeavors to make himself 
attractive to, or engage the attention 
of, women. 

mask (mask), n. a cover or partial 
cover to conceal the face; pretext or 
subterfuge; a masquerade: v.t. to 
conceal with, or as with, a mask; 
cover or hold in check: v.i. to take 
part in a masquerade; be disguised. 

mason (ma'sn), n. a builder in stone; 
a Freemason. 

Masonic (-son'ik), adj. pertaining to 
Freemasons or to their craft. 

masonry ('sn-ri), n. the art ox occu- 
pation of a mason; materials used 
by masons; Freemasonry. 

masque (mask), n. a masquerade. 

masquerade (mas-ker'ad), n. a ball 
or festive gathering where masks are 
worn; a disguise: v.t. to cover with 
a mask or disguise: v.i. to take part 
in a masquerade. 

mass (mas), n. a large quantity; 
lump; body of things collectively; 
the celebration of the Eucharist in 
the Roman Catholic Church; a mu- 
sical setting for certain parts of such 
a celebration: pi. common people 
(with the): v.t. & v.i. to collect into 
a mass or body. 

massacre ('a-ker), n. indiscriminate 
slaughter with unnecessary cruelty: 
v.t. to slaughter indiscriminately 
with unnecessary cruelty. 

massage ('aj or ma-sazh'), n. a method 
of medical treatment by rubbing 
or kneading the body. 

masseter ('e-ter), n. the short thick 
muscle that raises the lower jaw. 

masseur (ma-ser'), n. one who per- 
forms the operation of massage. 
Feminine masseuse [French]. 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




MASSIVE 



464 



MATHEMATICAL 



massive ('iv), adj. weighty; heavy; 
bulky; imperfectly and irregularly 
crystallized. 

massy ('i), adj. massive. 

mast (mast), n. a long round piece of 
timber or iron tube, either entire, or 
formed of parts, raised vertically on 
the keel of a vessel to support the 
sails; the fruit of the oak and the 
beech. 

masted ('ed), adj. furnished with a 
mast. 

masthead ('hed), n. the top part of 
a mast: v.t. to send to the masthead 
as a nautical punishment. 

master ('er), n. one who rules or 
commands others; director; em- 
ployer; owner; head of a household, 
college, school, &c; an expert; com- 
mander of a merchant- vessel; a uni- 
versity degree; appellation given to 
boys; a legal title: adj. pertaining 
to a master; chief: v.t. to subdue or 
overcome: v.i. excel. 

mastery (-i), n. 'dominion; preemi- 
nence; eminent skill. 

mastic (mas'tik), n. a resin obtained 
from the mastic tree: used as a 
varnish. 

masticable ('ti-ka-bl) , adj. capable of 
being masticated. 

masticate ('ti-kat), v.t. to grind with 
the teeth; chew. 

mastication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of masticating; chewing. 

masticator ('ter), n. one who, or 
that which, masticates; a machine 
for mincing meat or cutting leather, 
&c, into small pieces. 

masticatory ('i-ka-to-ri), adj. adapt- 
ed for chewing. 

mastiff (mas'tif), n. a large variety 
of dog. 

mastodon (mas'to-don), n. an extinct 
genus of mammals, allied to the ele- . 
phant. 

mastoid ('toid), adj. breast-like. 

mast-step (mast 'step), n. in the 
building of ships or yachts, the step 
or support on which the mast rests. 

masturbation (-ter-ba'shun), n. self- 
pollution. 



mat (mat), n. a texture of various 
fibrous materials, used for cleansing 
the feet, &c; a web of rope-yard; 
an ornamental article on which to 
place things at table: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. matted, p.pr. matting], to cover 
with mats; entangle or interweave. 

matador (ma-ta-dor'), n. the man 
who kills the bull in a bull-fight; one 
of the three principal cards at omber 
and quadrille. Also madadore. 

matchboard ('bord), n. a thin plank 
used for wainscoting, &c. 

matchlock ('lok), n. an old kind of 
musket. 

matchmaker ('mak-er), n. one who 
seeks to arrange marriages. 

matelote (mat'e-lot), n. a dish com- 
posed of various kinds of fish. 

mater (ma'ter), n. (Latin a mother) 
one of the two membranes {dura 
mater, pia mater) covering the brain. 

materfamilias (-fa-mil'i-as), n. the 
mistress of a family or household. 

material ('ri-al), adj. consisting of 
matter; not spiritual; corporeal; 
essential: n. the substance of which 
anything is made. 

materialism (-izm), n. the doctrine 
that all spiritual phenomena are the 
result of organized matter. 

materialize (-Iz), v.t. to invest with 
material characteristics. 

materialist (-ist), n. one who holds 
the doctrine of materialism. 

materialistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to materialism. 

materia medica (ma-te'ri-a med'i- 
ka), n. the science which treats of 
the substances used in medicine. 

materiel (-ta-re-al'), n. the baggage, 
munitions, provisions of an army, 
&c. 

maternal (-ter'nal), adj. motherly. 

maternally (-li), adv. like a mother. 

maternity ('ni-ti), n. the character 
or relationship of a mother. 

math (math), n. a mowing. 

mathematical (-e-mat'ik-al), adj. 
pertaining to, or performed by, 
mathematics; theoretically precise. 
Also mathematics. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MATHEMATICIAN 



465 



MAWKISH 



mathematician (-ma-tish'an), n. one 
who is skilled in mathematics. 

mathematics (-mat'iks), n. the sci- 
ence of number and space. 

matico (ma-te'ko), n. a Peruvian 
plant, whose leaves are used as a 
powerful styptic. 

matin (mat 'in), adj. pertaining to the 
morning or to matins: n.pl. morning 
prayer; in the Roman Catholic 
Church the first canonical hour. 

matinee (-i-na/ or ma-te-na'), n. a 
reception or musical or dramatic per- 
formance held in the daytime. 

matricidal (mat'ri-si-dal), adj. per- 
taining to matricide. 

matricide ('ri-sid), n. the murder of 
a mother by a son or daughter; one 
who murders one's mother. 

matriculate (ma-trik'u-lat), v.t. to 
admit to the membership of a college 
or university by entering one's name 
in a register: v.i. to be admitted as 
a member or student of a college, &c. 

matriculation (-la/shun), n. the act 
of registering and admitting as a 
matriculated student. 

matrimonial (mat-ri-mo'ni-al), adj. 
pertaining to marriage; nuptial; 
connubial. 

matrimony ('ri-mo-ni), n. marriage. 

matrix (ma/triks), n. [pi. matrices 
(mat'ri-sez) ], the womb; the cavity 
in which anything is formed or cast; 
a mold ; the rock in which a fossil or 
mineral is embedded; the five col- 
ors (black, white, blue, red, yellow) 
from which all others are formed in 
dyeing. 

matron (ma/tron), n. a married 
woman, especially one who has 
borne children; the lady superin-. 
tendent of a hospital or institution. 

matronage (-aj), n. matrons collec- 
tively. 

matronal ('tron-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or suitable for, a matron. 

matronymic (mat-ro-nim'ik), n. a 
man's or woman's name derived from 
that of a mother. 

matte (mat), n. metal imperfectly 
reduced. 



matted ('ed), adj. covered with a 
mat; closely tangled together. 

matter ('er), n. that which occupies 
space, and is perceptible by the 
senses; body; substance; thing of 
importance; business; event; in- 
definite amount; pus; set-up type: 
v.i. to signify; be of importance. 

matting ('ing), n. mats collectively; 
material for mats; ornamental mat- 
work. 

mattock ('ok), n. a pickaxe having 
one of its ends flat. 

mattress ('res), n. a quilted hair- or 
straw- stuffed bed; a spring mat- 
tress; a mat made of trees or shrubs. 

maturation (-ti-ra'shun) , n. the process 
of ripening or coming to maturity. 

mature (ma-tur), adj. [comparative 
maturer, superlative maturest], ripe; 
full-grown; ready for application or 
use: v.t. to bring or hasten to ma- 
turity: v.i. to become ripe. 

maturity ('i-ti), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being mature; ripeness; full 
development. 

matutinal (ma-tu'ti-nal) . adj. per- 
taining to the morning; early. 

matzoth (mat'zo), n. an unleavened 
bread eaten by the Jews on the 
feast of the Passover. 

maudlin ('lin), adj. easily moved to 
tears; weakly and foolishly senti- 
mental. 

maugre (maw'ger), prep, in spite of. 

maul (mawl), n. a large wooden ham- 
"mer: v.t. to wound or bruise in a 
rough manner. 

maul-stick. Same as mahl-stick. 

mauser-rine (mou'zer-ri'fl), n. a 
military rifle of German make. 

mausoleum (maw-so-le'um), n. a 
stately tomb or monument, especial- 
ly that of Mausolus, King of Caria, 
erected by his widow Artemisia. 

mauve (mov), n. a soft lilac or pur- 
ple color. 

mavis (ma'vis), n. the song-thrush. 

maw (maw), n. the stomach of ani- 
mals; the craw of a bird. 

mawkish (mawk'ish), adj. loath- 
some; affectedly sentimental. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MAXILLA 



466 



MEDALLIST 



maxilla (maks'il-a), n. [pi. maxillae 

' -e) ], the upper jawbone. 

maxillary ('il-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to the jaw or jawbone. 

maxim ('im), n. an established prin- 
ciple or truth; jproverb; aphorism. 

maximite (maks'im-It), n. an explo- 
sive invented by Hiram Maxim. 

maximum ('i-mum), n. the greatest 
number, quantity, or degree, attain- 
able. 

mayhem (ma'hem), n. an unlawful 
attack on a person which results in 
mutilation or maiming. 

mayor (ma/er), n. the chief magis- 
trate of a city or borough. Feminine 
mayoress. 

mayoralty (-al-ti), n. the office, or 
term of office, of a mayor. 

Maypole Cpol), n. a pole around 
which May festivities are held. 

maze (maz),n. bewilderment; a laby- 
rinth: v.t. to bewilder. 

mazily ('i-li), adv. in a mazy manner. - 

mazurka (ma-zer'ka), n. a lively 
Polish dance; music set to such a 
dance. Also mazourka. 

mazy (maz'i), adj. intricate; bewil- 
dering; winding. 

mead {med), n. a fermented liquor of 
honey, water, and spices; a meadow 
[poet.]. 

meadow (med'o), n. a tract of rich 
pasture land; land yielding hay; low 
grass land by the banks of rivers. 

meadowy (^i), adj. containing mead- 
ows. 

meager (me'ger), adj. thin; scanty; 
poor; barren; lean; weak. 

meal (mel), n. edible ground grain; a 
repast. 

mealy-mouthed (-moufAd), adj. us- 
ing soft words; unwilling to tell the 
truth in plain words. 

meander (me-an'der), v.t. to wind or 
flow round: v.i. to have a winding 
course; be intricate. 

meaning (men'ing), n. intention; 
sense. 

meant', p.t. & p.p. of mean. 

meantime ('tim), adv. in the inter- 
vening time. Also meanwhile. 



measles (me'zlz), n. an infectious 
disease characterized by fever and 
small red spots on the skin; a dis- 
ease of swine and of trees. 
measurable (mezh'er-a-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being measured. 
measure ('er), n. the standard by 
which the volume or extent of any- 
thing is compared; extent or dimen- 
sions of a thing; proportion; a di- 
visor leaving no remainder; an in- 
strument for measuring; musical 
time; meter; law or statute: pi. 
strata or beds: v.t. to ascertain the 
extent, size, or volume of; mark out; 
estimate; allot; determine by rule 
or standard: v.i. to take measure- 
ments; be equal or uniform. 

measurement ('er-ment), n. the act 
of measuring; quantity ascertained 
by measuring; size; area; capacity. 

meat (met), n. animal food. 

mechanic (me-kan'ik), n. a skilled 
workman: pi. the science of the laws 
of matter and motion, especially the 
science of machinery. 

mechanical (-al), adj. pertaining to 
the principles of mechanics; pertain- 
ing to, or produced by, machines or 
machinery; done automatically, as 
from force of habit. 

mechanical powers (pow'erz), n.pl. 
powers obtained by the application 
of a small force, viz., the lever, in- 
clined plane, wheel and axle, screw, 
pulley, and wedge. 

mechanician (mek-a-nish'an), n. one 
skilled in mechanics or machinery. 

mechanism ('a-nizm), n. parts of a 
machine; mechanical construction. 

mechanotherapy (mek'a-no-ther'a- 
pi), n. the treatment of disease by 
mechanical means. 

medal (med'al), n. a coin-shaped 
piece of metal impressed with a de- 
vice or inscription to commemorate 
some event, distinguished person, &c. 

medallion ('yun), n. a large antique 
medal; a round or oval tablet with 
figures in bas-relief. 

medallist (med'al-ist), n. an engraver 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




MEDAL-PLAY 



467 



MEERSCHAUM 



of medals; one who has gained a 
medal as a reward or prize. 

medal-play (med'al-pla), n. in golf a 
play in which the score takes ac- 
count of the total number of strokes, 
and not of the winning of individual 
holes. 

meddle (medl), v.i. to interpose or 
interfere officiously. 

meddler ('ler), n. an officious per- 
son; busybody. 

meddlesome ('1-sum), adj. officiously 
intrusive. 

mediaeval. Same as medieval. 

median (me'di-an), adj. pertaining 
to, or connected with, the middle of 
anything. 

mediate (-at), v.i. to interpose as a 
mutual friend between parties to 
effect a reconciliation. : 

mediation (-a/shun),, n. the act of 
mediating; reconciliation. 

mediator ('di-a-ter), n. one who 
mediates; an intercessor. 

mediatorial (-a-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to a mediator or mediation; 
intercessory. Also mediatory. 

medical (med'i-kal), adj. pertaining 

»to, or connected with, medicine. 
edicament ('i-kll-ment), n. a medi- 
cine or healing application. 
edicate ('i-kat), v.t. to impregnate 
or tincture with anything medicinal. 
medicinal (me-dis'i-nal), adj. having 
the properties of, or used in, medi- 
cine. 
medicine (med'i-sin), n. the science 
which relates to the treatment and 
alleviation of disease; a specific for 
the cure of disease. 
medicine-man (-man), n. among 
certain tribes, as the North Ameri- 
can Indians, a conjurer who pro- 
fesses to drive away evil spirits or 
disease by magical arts. 
medieval (me-di-e'val), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characteristic of, the Mid- 
dle Ages (8th-15th centuries A.D.), 
Also mediaeval. 
medievalism (-izm), n. the spirit, 
especially in religion and art, char- 
acteristic of the Middle Ages. 



mediocre (me'di-o-ker), adj. of me- 
dium excellence; ordinary. 

mediocrity (-ok'ri-ti), n. of moder- 
ate degree; a person of ordinary 
abilities. 

meditate (med'i-tat), v.i. to muse or 
ponder; think abstractedly: v.t. to 
think upon; design; purpose. 

meditation (-ta/shun), n. the act of 
meditating; deep thought. 

meditative ('i-ta-tiv), adj. disposed 
to meditation. 

meditativeness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being meditative. 

medium (me'di-um), n. [pi. media, 
mediums (-a, -umz) ], a mean; any- 
thing intervening; agency; space or 
substance in which bodies exist or 
move; a size of paper 24 x 19 inches: 
middle term of a syllogism; a per- 
son through whom communications 
from the spirit world are conveyed; 
the liquid vehicle with which dry pig- 
ments are ground. 

medley ('li), n. mixture or confused 
mass of different ingredients. 

medulla (me-dul'a), n. the marrow 
of bones; pith of plants. 

medullary ('a-ri), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or like, marrow or 
medulla. 

medullin (-dul'in), n. a variety of 
cellulose found in the pith of certain 
plants. 

Medusa (me-du'sa), n. [pi. medusae 
('se) ], in classical mythology, one of 
the three Gorgons whose fine hair 
was changed into snakes, and whose 
glance . changed into stone all who 
looked on her. 

medusa, n. the sea-nettle or jelly-fish. 

meed (med), n. recompense; reward. 

meek (mek), adj. [comparative meek- 
er, superlative meekest], gentle; sub- 
missive; yielding; mild of temper,' 
humble; patient. 

meer (mer), n. a boundary or divi- 
sion. Also mere. 

meerschaum ('shum), n. a claylike 
silicate of -magnesia from which 
pipebowls are made; a pipe of this 
material. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MEETING 



468 



MEMORANDUM 



meeting ('ing), n. an assembling or 
coming together; junction; a con- 
gregation. 

meg, a prefix meaning great, power- 
ful. Also mega, megalo, as mega- 
cephalous: adj. having a large head. 

megohm ('om), n. 1,000,000 ohms: 
a measure of electrical resistance. 

megrim (me'grim), n. a sick or neu- 
ralgic headache, usually on one side 
of the head: pi. vertigo in a horse. 

melancholia (mel-an-ko'li-a), n. a 
form of insanity characterized by 
great depression of spirits. 

melancholy ('an-kol-i), n. great de- 
pression of spirits; melancholia: adj. 
depressed in spirits; hypochondriac, 

melange (ma-langzh'), n. a confused 
mixture; medley [French]. 

melanin (mel'a-nin), n. the black 
pigment cells of the eye and skin. 

melanism ('an-izm), n. excess of the 
coloring pigment in the skin. 

melanotrichous (mel-a-not'ri-kus) , 
adj. having black hair. 

meld (meld), n. in the card game of 
penuchle, the announcement of a 
counting combination, or in card 
games in general, a declaration: 
v.t. to announce or declare in pe- 
nuchle or other card games. 

melee (ma-la'), n. a hand-to-hand 
conflict; scuffle; affray. 

melinite (mel'in-it), n. a powerful 
explosive. 

meliorate (mel'yo-rat), v.t. to im- 
prove or make better. 

melioration (-ra'shun), n. improve- 
ment. 

mellifluent (mel-if 'fiu-ent) , adj. 
smooth; sweetly flowing. Also mel- 
lifluous. 

melligenous (-ij'e-nus), adj. having 
the qualities of, or producing, honey. 

mellow ('o), adj. fully ripe; not hard, 

harsh, or rigid; half tipsy. 
mellowy (-i), adj. soft; unctuous; 

loamy. 
melodeon (me-lo'de-on), n. a small 

reed organ; a music hall. 
melodious ('di-us), adj. full of, or 
produced by, melody; musical. 



melodist ('dist), n. a composer of 
melodies. 

melodize ('diz), v.t. to make melo- 
dious: v.i. compose melodies. 

melodrama (mel-o-dra'ma), n. a play 
characterized by highly sensational 
or romantic incidents. 

melodramatic (-dra-mat'ik), adj. 
pertaining to melodrama; highly 
sensational 

melody ('6-di), n. [pi. melodies 
(-diz) ], the arrangements of different 
musical sounds for a single voice or 
instrument; tune. 

melon ('un), n. a plant of the cucum- 
ber family with its edible fruit. 

melotype ('o-tip), n. a method of 
producing photographs so that their 
development may be deferred. 

Melpomene (mel-pom'e-na), n. the 
Muse who presided over tragedy in 
the verse and drama of the Greeks. 

melt (melt), v.t. & v.i. to change from 
a solid to a liquid state; dissolve; 
soften to love and tenderness. 

melten ('un), n. a kind of thick broad- 
cloth with an unfinished surface. 

member (mem'ber), n. a limb or or- 
gan; essential part of anything; one 
of an association or community. 

membrane ('bran), n. a thin fold or 
layer of tissue forming the covering 
of some part or organ. 

membranous ('bra-nus), adj. per- 
taining to, consisting of, or like, 
membranes. 

memento (me-men'to), n. [pi. me- 
mentos ('toz)], a souvenir; memorial. 

memoir (mem'war), n. a history 
written from personal experience 
and knowledge; a biography: pi. a 
record of investigations on a sub- 
ject; transactions or journal of a 
learned or scientific society. 
memorabilia (-o-ra-bil'i-a), n.pl. 
things worthy of remembrance or 
record. 
memorable ('or-a-bl), adj. worthy of 
remembrance; remarkable; notable. 
memorandum (-o-ran'dum), n. [pi. 
memoranda ('da)J, a note to assist 
the memory; brief record of some. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




MEMORIAL 



469 



MEPHISTOPHELIAN 



thing to be remembered; summary 
or outline. 

memorial (me-mo'ri-al), adj. com- 
memorative; preservative of, or con- 
tained in, the memory: n. an in- 
formal diplomatic paper; a written 
representation of facts addressed to 
the government, a public body, &c. 

memorialize (-iz), v.t. to petition by 
means of a memorial. 

memorialist (-ist), n. one who pre- 
pares, signs, or presents, a memorial. 

memoriter (-mor'i-ter), adv. from 
memory. 

memory (mem'o-ri), n. [pi. memories 
(-riz)], that faculty of the mind by 
which it retains the knowlegde of pre- 
vious occurrences, facts, thoughts, 
&c, and recalls them. 

menace (men'as), n. a threat: v.t. to 
threaten. 

menagerie (-azh'er-i or -aj'e-ri), n. 
a place where wild animals are 
kept; a collection of wild animals 
for exhibition. 

mendacious (men-da'shus), adj. giv- 
en to falsehood; lying; false. 

mendacity (-das'i-ti), n. [pi. men- 
dacities (-tiz)], falsehood; habitual 
lying. 

Mendelian (men-de'li-an), adj. per- 
taining to the now famous theory of 
heredity advanced by the Austro- 
Silesian monk, Gregor Johann Men- 
del. 

mendelism (men'del-izm), n. the 
theory of Mendel, according to which 
ancestral characteristics are trans- 
mitted independently to the offspring, 
certain characteristics being domi- 
nated or overcome by antagonistic 
characteristics in the first generation, 
but both dominant and recessive 
characteristics appearing in the sec- 
ond generation in a fixed proportion. 

mendelize (men'del-Iz), v.i. to con- 
form to Mendel's so-called law; that 
is to say, to manifest the phenomena 
of dominance and recessiveness in 
the first generation and of segrega- 
tion in the second, as when the chil- 
dren of a black-eyed and a blue-eyed 



parent all have black eyes, but one 
in four of the grandchildren have 
blue eyes. 

mendicancy ('di-kan-si), n. the state 
of being a beggar; begging. Also 
mendicity. 

mendicant (-kant), adj. practicing 
begging; reduced to beggary: n. a 
beggar; a begging friar. 

menial (me'ni-al), adj. pertaining to 
a retinue of servants; pertaining to, 
or suitable for, servants; mean; 
servile: n. a domestic servant; one 
who performs servile work. 

meninges (me-nin'jez), n.pl. the 
three membranes that envelop the 
brain and the spinal cord. 

meningitis (men-in-ji'tis), n. inflam- 
mation of the meninges. 

meniscus (me-nis'kus), n. [pi. men- 
isci ('si), meniscuses ('kus-ez)J, a 
crescent; a lens convex on one side 
and concave on the other. 

menses (men'sez), n.pl. the catame- 
nial discharge. Also menstruation. 

menstrual ('stroo-al), adj. occurring 
monthly. 

menstruum (-urn), n. a solvent. 

mensurable ('shu-ra-bl), adj. meas- 
urable. 

mensuration (-ra'shun), n. the act 
or process of taking the measure or 
dimensions of anything; measure- 
" ment. 

mental ('tal), adj. pertaining to the 
mind ; intellectual . 

menthol ('thol), n. a crystalline sub- 
stance resembling camphor:, used as 
a counter-irritant. 

menthyl ('thil), n. the base of men- 
thol. 

mention ('shun), n. a brief notice; 
casual remark; hint: v.t. to speak 
briefly of; notice casually; name. 

mentor ('ter), n. a wise and faithful 
counselor: from Mentor, the friend 
and tutor of Ulysses. 

menu (-56'), n. a bill of fare. 

Mephistophelian (mef-is-to-fe'li-an), 
adj. pertaining to, or like, Mephis- 
topheles: hence scoffing, relentless, 
and cynical. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MEPHITIC 



470 



MERRY 



mephitic (me-fit'ik), adj. poisonous; 
noxious; offensive to the smell. 
Also mephitical. 

mercantile (mer'kan-til), adj. com- 
mercial. 

mercenarily ('se-na-ri-li), adv. in a 
mercenary manner. 

mercenary ('se-na-ri), n. [pi. mer- 
cenaries (-riz)j, a soldier hire'd into 
foreign service; one who serves for 
pay: adj. serving for pay or re- 
ward; venal; sordid. 

mercer ('ser), n. a dealer in textile 
fabrics. 

mercerize (mer'ser-iz), v.t. to give 
to cotton cloth a silk lustre. 

mercery (-i), n. the commodities in 
which a mercer deals. 

merchandise ('chan-diz), n. goods, 
wares, or commodities, bought and 
sold. 

merchant ('chant), n. one who traf- 
fics or carries on trade on a large 
scale, especially with foreign coun- 
tries; a shopkeeper: adj. pertaining 
to, or employed in, trade; mercan- 
tile. 

merciful ('si-fool), adj. full of, or 
exercising, mercy; tender-hearted; 
compassionate. 

merciless (-les), adj. destitute of 
mercy; unfeeling; cruel. 

mercurial (-ku'ri-al), adj. active; 
volatile; fickle; pertaining to, made 
of, or caused by, mercury. 

Mercury ('ku-ri), n. one of the plan- 
ets; from Mercury, the messenger of 
the gods. 

mercury, n. quicksilver. 

mercy ('si), n. [pi. mercies ('siz)], 
the disposition to forgive, spare, or 
pity; clemency; forbearance; com- 
passion ; beneficence. 

mere. Same as meer. 

mere (mer), adj. [superlative mer- 
est], such' and no more; simple; en- 
tire; absolute. 

meretricious (mer-e-trish'us), adj. 
pertaining to prostitutes; lustful; 
alluring by false show; tawdry. 

merge (merj), v.t. to absorb or swal- 



low up: v.i. to be swallowed up or 
lost. 

merger (merj'er), n. the legal consol- 
idation of two estates, conforming 
them into one estate; the placing of 
the operations of two or more com- 
peting interests under the control of 
a single body. 

mericarp (mer'i-karp), n. one of the 
carpels of an umbelliferous fruit. 

meridian (me-rid'i-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to mid-day: n. mid-day; noon; 
highest point of culmination; an 
imaginary great circle of the sphere 
passing through the poles of the 
heavens and the zenith and nadir of 
any given place, and cutting the 
equator at right angles. 

meridional ('i-o-nal), adj. pertain- 
ing to the meridian; southern. 

meringue (me-rangg'), n. a light con- 
fection of eggs, sugar, cream, or jam. 

merino (me-re'no), n. [pi. merinos 
('noz)], a breed of sheep with a fine 
wool; the wool of such sheep: adj. 
pertaining to, or made of, the wool 
of the merino sheep. 

merit (mer'it), n. excellence; worth; 
deserved reward: pi. essential cir- 
cumstances: v.t. to earn; be entitled 
to; be deserving of. 

meritorious (-i-to'ri-us), adj. having 
merit; deserving of reward or praise. 

merle (merl), n. the blackbird [poet.] 

merlin (mer'lin), n. a small falcon. 

merling (merl'ing), n. the whiting. 

merlon ('on), n. that part of a parapet 
included between two embrasures. 

mermaid (mer'mad), n. a fabled ma- 
rine creature having the upper part 
like a woman and the lower part like 
a fish. 

merman ('man), n. the male of the 
mermaid. 

merrily (mer'i-li), adv. in a merry 
manner. 

merriment ('i-ment), n. mirth; fun; 
frolic; gaiety. Also merriness. 

merry ('i), adj. [comparative merri- 
er, superlative merriest], full of 
mirth and good humor; gay; sport- 
ive; jovial; pleasant. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






MERRY-ANDREW 



471 



METAL 



1 merry-andrew (-an'droo), n. a buf- 
foon. 

merry-dancers (-dan'serz), n.pl. the 
I Aurora Borealis. 

merry-go-round (mer-i-go-round), n. 
a circular frame fitted with wooden 
horses or seats, on which persons 
ride at fairs, &c. 

merry- thought (-thawt), n. the 
forked bone (furcula) of a fowl's 
breast. 

mesa (ma'sa), n. elevated table-land. 

mesalliance (-za-le-angs'), n. mar- 
riage with one of lower social posi- 
tion. 

mesh (mesh), n. an opening or inter- 
stice of a net; brewer's grains. 

mesial (mez'i-al), adj. middle. 

mesjid (mez'jid), n. a mosque. 

mesmeric (-mer'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or produced by, mesmerism. 

Mesmerism ('mer-izm), n. the act of 
inducing an abnormal state of the 
nervous system in which the 
thoughts and actions of the patient 
are controlled by the will of the 
operator; animal magnetism. 

mesmerist (-ist), n. one who prac- 

ttises the art of mesmerism. Also 
mesmerizer. 
esmerize (-iz), v.t. to induce the 
mesmeric state. 

fesne (men), adj. middle; interven- 
ing- 
eso, a prefix meaning middle, inter- 
mediate, as wesoblast, the inter- 
mediate layer of the blastoderm of 
an ovuni; wesocarp, the middle 
layer of a pericarp. 
mesosperm (mes'6-sperm), n. the 

second membrane of a seed. 
Mesozoic (-zo'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the Secondary Age or era of reptiles. 
mess (mes), n. a number of persons 
who sit down to table together, es- 
pecially soldiers or sailors; a state 
of dirt or confusion: v.i. to eat to- 
gether: v.t. to furnish with food; 
dirty. 
message ('aj), n. a communication, 
written or verbal, sent from one per- 



son to another; an official commu- 
nication. 

messenger ('en-jer), n. one who con- 
veys a message; an office servant 
who carries messages; a herald or 
harbinger; an official of the bank- 
ruptcy court. 

Messiah (-i'a), n. Christ the Anoint- 
ed One. Also Messias. 

Messianic (-i-an'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the Messiah. 

messieurs ('yers), n.pl. sirs; messrs. 

messuage ('waj), n. a dwelling house 
with its adjacent buildings and land 
for the use of the household. 

mestee (-te'), n. the offspring of a 
white and a quadroon. Also mustee. 

mestizo (-te'zd), n. [pi. mestizos 
('zoz) ], the offspring of a Spaniard 
or Creole and an Indian. Also mes- 
tino. 

met, p.t. & p.p. of meet. 

meta, a prefix meaning between, over, 
after, duplicate, resembling, change 
from one state to another. 

metabasis (me-tab'a-sis), n. transi- 
tion. 

metabolian (met-a-bo'li-an), n. an 
insect of the sub-class Metabola 
which undergoes complete metamor- 
phosis. 

metabolic (-bol'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or undergoing, change or meta- 
morphosis. 

metabolism (-tab'o-lizm), n. the con- 
tinuous process by which living cells 
or tissues undergo chemical change. 

metacarpal (met-a-kar'pal), adj. 
pertaining to the metacarpus. 

metacarpus ('pus), n. that part of 
the hand which is between the wrist 
and the fingers. 

metacenter (-sen'ter), n. that point 
in a floating body on the position of 
which its equilibrium or stability 
depend. 

metagenesis (-a-jen'e-sis), n. alter- 
nation of generation. 

metal ('al), n. an elementary sub- 
stance having certain physical char- 
acteristics, as luster, ductility, mal- 
leability, insolubility, is fusible 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



METALLIFEROUS 



472 



METHODIST 



by heat, and a conductor of elec- 
tricity; molten glass; small stone 
cubes; effective power or caliber of 
the guns of a warship: pi. the rails 
of a railroad: v.t. to cover with 
metal. 

metalliferous (-lif'er-us), adj. yield- 
ing metal or metallic ores. 

metallography (-og'ra-fi), n. the 
science of metals; a treatise on 
metals. 

metalloid (-oid), n. a non-metallic 
elementary body: adj. resembling a 
metal; non-metallic. 

metallurgic (-er'jik), adj. pertain- 
ing to metallurgy. Also metallur- 
gical. 

metallurgy (-ji), n. the art or proc- 
ess of working metals and of sep- 
arating them from their ores. 

metamorphism ('fizm), n. the proc- 
ess by which stratified rocks under 
pressure, heat, chemical action, &c, 
have changed from their original 
structure, as limestone to marble. 

metamorphose ('foz), v.t. to change 
into a different form. 

metamorphosis ('fo-sis), n. change 
of form, shape, or structure; trans- 
formation, as of a chrysalis into a 
butterfly. 

metaphor ('a-fer), n. a figure of 
speech by which one word is em- 
ployed for another of which it is 
the image; a compressed simile. 

metaphoric (-for'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or comprising, a metaphor; 
not literal; figurative. Also meta- 
phorical. 

metaphrastic (-fras'tik), adj. close 
or literal in translation. 

metaphysical (-fiz'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to, or according to, the rules 
of, metaphysics; ontological. 

metaphysician (-fi-zish'un), n. one 
who is skilled in metaphysics. 

metaphysics (fiz'iks), n. mental 
philosophy. 

metathesis (-ath'e-sis), n. trans- 
position of the letters of a word or 
syllable. 



metempirical (-em-pir'i-kal), adj. 
exceeding the limits of experience. 

metempsychosis (-si-ko'sis), n. trans- ( 
migration of the soul after death 
into the body of another man or 
lower animal. 

meteor (me'te-er), n. a transient lu- 
minous body in the sky; falling or 
shooting star; anything that daz- 
zles or excites wonder for the mo- 
ment. 

meteoric (-or'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or formed of, or like, a meteor. 

meteorite ('te-er-it), n. a stone or 
metallic body which, in its passage 
through space, has fallen upon the 
earth. 

meteorography (-er-og'ra-fi), n. the 
registration of meteorological phe- 
nomena. 

meteorologic (-loj'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the atmosphere, or its phe- 
nomena, or to meteorology. Also 
meteorological. 

meteorology (-ji), n. the science of 
the atmosphere and its various phe- 
nomena. 

meter (me'ter), n. an instrument for 
registering automatically the amount 
measured by it. 

meter, metre (me'ter), n. a rhythmic 
arrangement of syllables in verse; 
unit of length in the decimal system 
= 39.37 inches. 

meterage (-aj), n. measurement; 
cost of measuring. 

method (meth'od), n. regular ar- 
rangement of things; system; or- 
der; classification. 

methodical ('i-kal), adj. character- 
ized by, or arranged with regard to, 
method; systematic. Also method- 
ic. 

methodize ('o-diz), v.t. to reduce to 
method; systematize. 

Methodism ('o-dizm), n. the doc- 
trines and worship of the Metho- 
dists. 

Methodist ('o-dist), n. one of a sect 
of Christians founded by John Wes- 
ley: adj. pertaining to the Metho- 
dists. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



METICULOUS 



473 



MICROSCOPY 



meticulous (me-tik'u-lus), adj. un- 
duly cautious; excessively timid. 

metonymy (me-ton'i-mi), n. a figure 
of speech in which one word is used 
for another related to it. 

metre. See meter. 

metric (met'rik), adj. pertaining to 
the decimal system of weights and 
measures. 

metrical (-al), adj. pertaining to 
meter, measurement, or rhythm. 

metrograph ('ro-graf), n. an appa- 
ratus for indicating the mileage run 
by a locomotive, and the number 
and time of stoppages at stations, 
&c. 

metrology (-rol'o-ji), n. the science 
of weights and measures. 

metronome ('ro-nom), n. an instru- 
ment which beats musical time by 
means of a short pendulum. 

metronymic (-nim'ik), adj. derived 
from one's mother or female ances- 
tor. 

metropolis (me-trop'o-lis), n. the 
capital or chief city of a kingdom 
or country; the seat or see of a 
metropolitan. 

metropolitan (-tro-pol'i-tan), adj. 
pertaining to the capital city of a 
kingdom or country, or to an arch- 
bishopric: n. the presiding bishop of 
a country or province; an arch- 
bishop. 

mettle (met'l), n. constitutional ar- 
dor or spirit; fortitude. 

mettlesome (-sum), n. high spirited. 

mezzanine (met'za-nen), n. a low 
intermediate story between two 
higher ones; a window in such a 
story. 

mezzotint (-tint), n. a variety of 
copper engraving. Also mezzotinto. 

mica (mi'ka), n. a mineral divisible 
into thin transparent plates. 

micaceous (-ka'shus), adj. pertain- 
ing to, consisting of, or like, mica. 

mice, pi. of mouse. 

mico (mi'ko), n. a small South Amer- 
ican monkey; a Japanese solid oil 
or butter. 

micro, a prefix meaning small, as 



microcosm, a small universe or com- 
munity. 

microbe (mi'krob), n. a minute mi- 
croscopical organism found in the 
blood of animals, especially those 
suffering from disease; bacterium. 

microbicide (-krob'i-sid), n. an agent 
for destroying microbes or bac- 
teria. 

micrococcus (-kro-kok'us), n. [pi. 
micrococci ('si)], a genus of bac- 
teria, a source of fermentation 
and of zymotic disease. 

microcosm. See under micro. 

microcoustic (-kous' or -koos'tik), 
adj. pertaining to, or serving to in- 
crease, indistinct sounds: n. an n- 
strument for the deaf, to augment 
faint sounds. 

microcrith (-krith'), n. the weight 
of an atom of hydrogen. 

micrograph ('kro-graf), n. a kind 
of pantograph for executing very 
minute engraving or writing. 

micrography (-krog'ra-fi), n. the 
description of microscopic objects. 

microhm ('krom), n. the 1,000,000th 
part of an ohm. 

micrometer (-krom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring minute dis- 
tances, or apparent diameters: used 
with a microscope or telescope. 

micromillimeter (-kro-miri-me-ter), 
n. the 1,000,000,000th part of a me- 
ter. 

microphone ('kro-fon), n. an instru- 
ment for intensifying very minute 
sounds. 

microphotography (-fo-tog'ra-fi), n. 
photographing in miniature. 

microphyte ('kro-fit), n. a micro- 
scopic vegetable growth. 

microscope ('kro-skop), n. an opti- 
cal instrument for magnifying mi- 
nute objects so as to render them 
visible for purposes of investigation. 

microscopic (-skop'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or determined by the aid of, 
a microscope. Also microscopical. 

microscopist # ('kro-sko-pist), n. one 
skilled in microscopy. < 

microscopy ('kro-sko-pi), n. the use 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MICROVOLT 



474 



MILKY WAY 



of the microscope; microscopic in- 
vestigation. 

microvolt ('kro-v5lt), n. the 1,000,- 
000th part of a volt. 

microzyme ('kro-zlm), n. a minute 
organism occurring in the air and 
found in the human blood, acting 
as a ferment in producing certain 
zymotic diseases. 

mid (mid), adj. middle: prefix, as 
midday: n. a midshipman. 

Middle Ages (aj'ez), n.pl. the period 
between the 5th and 15th centuries 
A. D. . 

middlemost (-most), adj. situated 
in, or nearest, the middle. 

middling ('ling), adj. of middle rank, 
size, or quality: moderate: n.pl. the 
coarser part of flour. 

middy ('di), n. [pi. middies ('diz)], a 
midshipman. 

midge (mij), n. a gnat. . 

midriff ('rif), n. the diaphragm sep- 
arating the cavity of the chest from 
the stomach. 

midshipman ('ship-man), n. [pi. 
midshipmen], in the British navy, a 
junior officer ranking next above a 
cadet. 

midwife (mid'wif), n, [pi. midwives 
('wivz)], a woman who assists at 
childbirth: v.t. to assist in child- 
birth: v.i. to serve as a midwife. 

midwifery ('wif-er-i), n. obstetrics. 

mien (men), n. external appearance; 
air; look; carriage. 

might (mit), n. power; strength; 
force: p.t. of may. 

mightily {'i-li), adv. with great 
power or strength; vehemently; in 
a great degree. 
power; a title of dignity. 

mighty ('i), adj. [comp. mightier, 
superl. mightiest], powerful; strong; 
influential; momentous; wonderful; 
huger adv. very; exceedingly. 

mignon (min-yong'), adj. pretty; 
delicate [French]. 

mignonette (min-yun-et'), n. a fra- 
grant annual with greenish flower 
and orange-colored stamens. 

migrant (mi'grant), adj. migratory. 



migratory ('gra-to-ri), adj. remov- 
ing or passing from one place of 
abode or resort to another; roving; 
nomad. 

Mikado (mi-ka'do), n. the Japanese 
emperor, as the spiritual and tem- 
poral head of the empire. 

milch (milch), adj. yielding milk. 

mild (mild), adj. [comp. milder, su- 
perl. mildest], gentle in temper and 
disposition; gentle; soft; placid; 
moderate; not sharp, sour, or bit- 
ter; lenitive. 

mildew (mil'du), n. a disease of 
plants produced by small fungi; 
spots of mold on cloth, &c, caused 
by damp: v.t. to taint with mildew: 
v.i. be affected with mildew. 

mile (mil), n. a measure of length 
varying in different countries: the 
English statute mile, in use in this 
country, ^ contains 1,760 yds., the 
geographical or nautical mile l-60th 
of a degree of latitude or 2,025 yds. 
(nearly). 

mileage ('aj), n. an allowance for 
expenses per mile; length in miles. 

militancy ('i-t&n-si), n. warfare; 
militarism. 

militant ('i-tant), adj. warlike; fight- 
ing; serving as a soldier. 

militarism ('i-ta-rizm), n. military 
spirit, policy, or government. 

military ('i-ta-ri), adj. pertaining to 
soldiers or to arms; warlike; mar- 
tial: n. soldiers collectively; army 
troops. 

militate ('i-tat), v.i. to be, or stand, 
opposed; operate against (with 
against) . 

militia (mi-lish'a), n. citizens en- 
rolled and trained for the internal 
defense of a state. 

milksop ('sop), n. an effeminate, 
weak person. 

milk-tooth (-tooth), n. the fore- 
tooth of a foal; one of the tempo- 
rary first set of teeth in the young 
of mammals. 

Milky Way ('i wa), n. a broad lumi- 
nous band in the heavens, from 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 







MILL 



475 



MIND 



horizon to horizon, consisting of in- 
numerable stars. 

mill (mil), n. a machine for grinding 
and reducing a substance to small 
particles; a manufactory; a prize 
fight; a money of account=l- 
1,000th of a dollar: v.t. to reduce to 
fine particles in a mill; press or 
stamp, as the edges of coins; full 
(cloth); roll into bars, as metal; 
thrash. 

millboard ('bord), n. a kind of thick 
pasteboard. 

millennial (mil-len'ni-al), adj. of or 
pertaining to the millennium. 

millennium ('i-um), n. the space of 
1,000 years, especially that period 
during which Satan will be bound 
and Christ will reign on earth (Rev. 
xx. 1-4). 

milleped (mil'e-ped), n. an insect 
with numerous feet, belonging to 
the genus Julus. Also millepede. 

millepore ('e-por), n. a coral of the 
genus Millepora, having a smooth 
surface, perforated with very small 
pores. 

miller ('er), n. one who keeps or 
works a flour mill. 

millet ('et), n. a grain-bearing plant. 

milli, a prefix meaning l,000tfi part 
of, as miZZiampere, the 1,000th part 
of an ampere. 

milliard ('i-ard, or me-lyar'), n. one 
thousand millions. 

millier (me-lya'), n. in the metric 
system, a ton = 1,000,000 grams. 

milligram (rmTi-gram), n. the 
1,000th part of 6 gram = .0154 
grain English. Also milligramme. 

milliliter ('i-li-ter), n. the 1,000th 
part of a liter = .06102 cubic in. 

millimeter ('li-me-ter), n. the 1,000th 
part of a meter = .03937 in. 

milliner ('in-er), n. one who makes 
women's bonnets, hats, headdresses, 
&c. 

milling ('ing), n. the act of grind- 
ing in, or passing through, a dress- 
ing mill; the process of making a 
serrated edge on a coin, &c. 

k^illion ('yun), n. the number of ten 



hundred thousand; an indefinitely 
large number. 

millionaire - (-ar'), n. a person who 
is worth a million; one very rich. 

millionth ('yunth), adj. being one 
of a million : n. one of 1,000,000 parts. 

millpond ('pond), n. a reservoir of 
water for driving a mill. 

millrace ^ ('ras), n. a current of water 
that drives a mill. 

millstone ('ston), n. one of two flat 
cylindrical stones for grinding grain. 

milt (milt), n. the spleen; the sper- 
matic organ of a male fish : v.t. to im- 
pregnate the ova of (a female fish). 

mime (mim), n. a kind of drama 
among the Greeks and Romans in 
which real persons and events were 
represented in a ludicrous manner; 
an actor in a mime. 

mimeograph (mim'e-o-graf), n. a 
machine for making a number of 
copies of letters, circulars, drawings, 
etc. 

mimetic (mi-met'ik), adj. imitative. 
Also mimetical. 

mimetism (mim'e-tizm), n. mimicry. 

mimic # ('ik), adj. inclined to imi- 
. tate; imitative: n. one who mimics 
or imitates: v.t. to imitate, or ridi- 
cule by imitation. 

mimicker (-er), n. a mimic. " 

mimicry (-ri), n. ludicrous imitation 
for sport or ridicule; close external 
likeness. 

minaret (min'a-ret), n. a tall slen- 
der turret attached to a mosque 
surrounded with several balconies 
from- which the muezzin calls the 
people to prayers. 

minatory ('a-to-ri), adj. threatening. 

mince (mins), v.t. to cut or chop 
into minute pieces; extenuate or 
suppress: v.i. to talk with affected 
elegance; walk with short steps or 
in a prim manner. 

mince-meat ('met), n. meat chopped 
very fine, especially with suet, rai- 
sins, lemon peel, &c. 

mincing ('ing), adj. affectedly ele- 
gant. ' 

mind (mind), n. the intellectual or 



ate, ,'rm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



MINDED 



476 



MINSTREL 



rational faculty in man; the under- 
standing or intellect; soul; mem- 
ory; intention; opinion: v.t. to at- 
tend to; heed; obey. 

minded ('ed), p. adj. having a mind; 
disposed or inclined. 

mindful ('fool), adj. bearing in 
mind; observant; attentive. 

mine (mm), pron. belonging to me: 
n. an excavation in the earth from 
which minerals, precious stones, &c, 
are extracted; crude ironstone; a 
tunnel under an enemy's works to 
blow them up; a rich source of 
wealth: v.i. to carry on mining 
operations; practice secret methods: 
v.t. to undermine or sap. 

mineral (min'er-al), n. any inor- 
ganic body found on the surface or 
in the earth: adj. pertaining to, con- 
sisting of, or impregnated with, a 
mineral. 

mineralize (-Iz), v.t. to convert into 
a mineral; impregnate with mineral 
matter: v.i. to make excursions to 
collect minerals. 

mineralogy (-al'o-ji), n. the science 
of minerals. 

mingle (ming'gl), v.t. to intermix; 
join or combine; blend; compound: 
v.i. to be mixed or united with. 

miniature (min'i-a-tur), n. a very 
small painting, especially a portrait 
on ivory, &c: adj. done on a very 
small scale; diminutive; minute. 

minim ('im), n. the smallest liquid 
measure; a single drop; a musical 
note = 2 crotchets; one of an order 
of mendicant friars founded by St. 
Francis of Paola, 15th century; a 
small fish. 

minimize (-Iz), v.t. to reduce to a 
minimum. 

minimum ('i mum), n. [pi. minima 

. -ma) ], the least quantity; trifle. 

mining (mln'ing), p. adj. pertaining 
to mines; burrowing in the earth: 
n. the act of making mines or work- 
ing them. 

minion (min'yun), n. a size of type 
intermediate between nonpareil and 



brevier^ (see type); a servile flat- 
terer or dependent. 

minister ('is-ter), n. a servant; one 
subordinate to another; agent; one 
intrusted with the direction of af- 
fairs of state; ambassador; a cler- 
gyman or pastor of a church author- 
ized to preach and administer the 
sacraments: v.t. to supply; admin- 
ister: v.i. to serve in some office, 
clerical or lay; supply things neces- 
sary. 

ministerial (-te'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to ministry or service, official 
or clerical; pertaining to a minis- 
ter of the state or of religion. 

ministerialist (-te'ri-al-ist), n. a 
supporter of the ministry in office. 

ministrant ('is-trant), adj. serving 
as a minister. 

ministration (-tra/shun), n. the act of 
ministering; administration; service. 

ministry ('is-tri), n. [pi. ministries 
(-triz) ], the agency or service of a 
minister of religion; the office, du- 
ties, or functions of a minister of 
state; ministers of state collective- 
ly; term of ministerial office. 

minium ('i-um), n. red oxide of lead. 

miniver ('i-ver), n. the Siberian 
squirrel or its fur. Also minever. 

mink (mingk), n. a carnivorous mam- 
mal allied to the weasel,' yielding a 
valuable fur. 

minnow (min'6), n. a fresh-water 
fish of small size. 

minor (ml'ner), adj. smaller; less; 
inconsiderable; less by a semitone 
[music]: n. one of either sex who 
is under the age of 21; in logic, the 
term or premise containing the sub- 
ject of the conclusion. 

minority (mi-nor'i-ti), n. [pi. mi- 
norities (-tiz) ], the smallest num- 
ber: opposed to majority; the state 
of being a minor. 

minotaur (min'o-tawr), n. in classic 
mythology, a monster with the head 
of a bull and the body of a man. 

minster ('ster), n. the church of a 
monastery; a cathedral church. 

minstrel ('strel), n. in medieval 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MINSTRELSY 



477 



MISCELLANY 



times, one of an order of men who 
traveled from place to place singing 
their musical compositions to the 
accompaniment of a harp; a poet or 
musician. 
minstrelsy (-si), n. the art or occu- 

{)ation of minstrels; minstrels col- 
ectively; a collection of ballad 
poetry. 

mint (mint), n. the place where 
money is coined by government au- 
thority; source of unlimited supply ; 
place of invention or fabrication; an 
odoriferous plant yielding a pungent 
essential oil: v.t. to coin or stamp 
(money) ; invent. 

mintage ('aj), n. coin &c, produced 
in a mint; duty paid to the mint 
for coining gold or silver. 

mint julep (jti'lep), n. a drink com- 
pounded of brandy, sugar and 
pounded ice, flavored with mint. 

minuend (min'u-end), n. that num- 
ber from which another number is 
to be subtracted. . 

minuet ('u-et), n. a slow graceful 
dance; music for such a dance. 

minus (mi'nus), n. the sign ( — ) of 
subtraction. 

minute (-nut'), adj. very small; pre- 
cise: n. (min'it) l-60th part of an 
hour or of a degree; an official 
note; memorandum. 

minutely (mi-nut'li), adv. in a mi- 
nute manner; exactly. 

minutiae (mi-nu'shi-e), n.pl. smaller 
or minor details or particulars. 

minx (mingks), n. a pert, wanton 
girl. 

Miocene (mi'6-sen), adj. pertaining 
to the middle division of the Ter- 
tiary formation. 

miracle (mir'a-kl), n. a supernatural 
occurrence or act; wonder or marvel. 

miraculous (mi-rak'u-lus), adj. per- 
formed supernaturally; wonderful. 

mirage (mi-razh'), n. an optical at- 
mospheric illusion by which the im- 
age of a distant object is seen as if 
inverted. 

mire (mir), n. deep mud; wet clayey 



earth: v.t. to soil with mire; plunge 
and fix in mud: v.i. to sink in mud. 

miriness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing miry. 

mirror (mir'er), n. a looking-glass; 
speculum; pattern: v.t. to reflect as 
in a mirror. 

mirrorscope (mi'rer-skop), n. a re- 
flecting apparatus principally for 
automobiles, giving a complete view 
of objects in the rear. 

mirth (merth), n. noisy gaiety; so- 
cial merriment; hilarity; jollity. 

mirthful ('fool), adj. merry; festive. 

miry ('ri), adj. abounding in, or cov- 
ered with, mire. 

mirza (mer'za), n. a Persian title 
equivalent to prince, 

mis, prefix meaning wrong, wrongly, 
ill, error, divergence. 

misadventure (mis-ad-ven'tur), n. 
an unlucky accident; misfortune. 

misalliance (-a-H'ans), n. an im- 
proper alliance by marriage, espe- 
cially with one of lower social 
status. See also mesalliance. 

misanthrope ('an-throp), n. a hater 
of mankind. 

misanthropic (-throp'ik), adj. hat- 
ing mankind. Also misanthropical. 

misanthropy ('thro-pi), n. hatred of 
mankind. 

misapprehend (-ap-re-hend'), v.t. to 
misunderstand; misconceive. 

misappropriate (-pro'pri-at), v.t. to 
apply to a wrong use or purpose, as 
trust-money, &c. 

miscarriage (-kar'aj), n. failure; 
misbehavior; premature parturition 

miscarry (-kar'i), v.i. [p.t. _ & p.p 
miscarried, p.pr. miscarrying], to 
go wrong; be unsuccessful; bring 
forth young prematurely. 

miscellanea (-e-la'ne-a), n.pl. a col- 
lection of miscellaneous matters, or 
things. 

miscellaneous ('ne-us), adj. con- 
sisting of several kinds mixed to- 
gether; promiscuous. 

miscellany ('e-la-ni), n. [pi. miscel- 
lanies (-niz) ], a mixture of various 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






MISCHANCE 



478 



MISTILY 



kinds; a book containing a variety 
of literary compositions. 

mischance (-chins'), ft. misfortune; 
mishap. 

mischief ('chif), n. harm; injury; 
hurt; damage; misfortune. 

mischievous ('chi-vus), adj. produc- 
ing injury or damage; hurtful; in- 
clined to mischief. 

miscible ('i-bl), adj. capable of being 
mixed. 

misconceive (-kon-sev'), v.t. to con- 
ceive wrongly; misjudge; misappre- 
hend. 

misconception (-sep 'shun), ft. false 
opinion; misapprehension. 

miscreant ('kre-ant), ft. an unscru- 
pulous villain; vile wretch: adj. un- 
scrupulous. 

misdemean (-de-men'), v.t. to be- 
have (one's self) ill. 

misdemeanant (-de-men 'ant), ft. 
one guilty of a misdemeanor. 

misdemeanor ('er), ft. evil conduct; 
a crime less than a felony. 

miser (mi'zer), ft. a covetous man 
who denies himself the comforts of 
life to hoard up money. 

miserable (miz'er-a-bl), adj. wretch- 
ed; very unhappy; worthless; des- 
picable; very mean or poor. 

misery ('er-i), ft. extreme pain, dis- 
tress or misfortune; great unhappi- 
ness. 

misfeasance (-fe'zans), ft. legal tres- 
pass; wrong performance. 

mislay (mis-la'), v.t. to lose. 

misle, another form of mizzle. 

misly (miz'li), adj. raining in minute 
drops. 

misogynist (mi-soj'i-nist), ft. a 
woman-hater. 

misogyny ('i-ni), ft. hatred of 
women. 

misplace (-plas'), v.t. to put in a 
wrong place; place on an improper 
or undeserving object. 

misprision (-prizh'un), ft. in law, a 
high offense under the degree of 
a capital one, but bordering upon 
it. 

misprision of felony (fel'o-ni), ft. 



concealment of a felony by one who 
is cognizant thereof, but without 
consenting to it. 

misrepresent (-rep-re-zenf), v.t. to 
represent falsely or incorrectly, wil- 
fully, or through carelessness. 

Miss (mis), ft. [pi. misses ('ez) ], a 
title of address prefixed to the name 
of an unmarried lady. 

missal ('al), ft. the book containing 
the order of service for the Roman 
Catholic Mass. 

missel (miz'l), ft. the mistle thrush. 

missile (mis'il), ft. a weapon or 
thing thrown, or designed to be 
thrown, to injure another. 

missing ('ing), p. adj. lost; wanting. 

mission (mish'un), ft. the act of 
sending, or state of being sent with 
certain powers, especially to propa- 
gate religion; embassy; delegation; 
commission; a series of special re- 
ligious services. 

missionary (-a-ri), ft. [pi. mission- 
aries (-riz) ], a person who is sent 
to propagate religion, especially in 
foreign parts: adj. pertaining to 
missions or missionaries. 

missioner (-er), ft. a missionary; one 
who has charge of, or conducts, a 
mission. 

missive ('iv), ft. a letter or message: 
adj. sent specially. 

mist (mist), ft. visible watery vapor 
in the atmosphere, at or near the 
earth's surface; fog; anything that 
dims or obscures the vision: v.t. to 
cover with, or as with, mist: v.i.to 
rain in minute drops. 

mistakable (mis-tak'a-bl), adj. liable 
to be mistaken. 

mistake (-tak'), v.t. [p.t. mistook, 
p.p. mistaken, p.pr. mistaking], to 
misunderstand; misconceive; mis- 
judge: v.i. to err in judgment or 
opinion: ft. an error in judgment; 
misconception; fault. 

Mister ('ter), ft. a title of address 
prefixed to a man's name: abbre- 
viated in writing Mr. 

mistily ('ti-li), adv. obscurely; darkly. 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; booi 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




MISTINESS 



479 



MOCK 



mistiness (-nes), n. the state of being 

misty; obscurity; dimness. 
mistletoe (miz'l-to), n. an evergreen 
plant parasitic on apple trees, &c, 
and less commonly on the oak. 
mistress (mis'tres), n. a woman who 
exercises authority or governs; the 
female head of a family, school, &c; 
a -woman well skilled in anything; 
a woman courted and beloved; 
sweetheart; a kept woman. 
Mistress (mis'tres), n. a title of ad- 
dress prefixed to the name of a 
married woman; abbreviated Mrs. 
(mis'is). 

sty ('ti), adj. [comp. mistier 
uperl. mistiest], characterized by, 
n obscured with, mist; dim; ob- 
cure; clouded. 

sunderstand (^un-der-stand'), v.t. 
take in a wrong sense; miscon- 
ceive. 

mite (mit), n. a minute insect of 
x the division Acarida; a small coin 

t formerly current; a very small ob- 
ject or quantity. 
iter, mitre (mi'ter), n. the head- 
dress of the high priest of the Jews; 
a kind of crown cleft in the middle, 
worn by archbishops, bishops, and 
sometimes by abbots on special oc- 
casions; the dignity of a bishop; the 
junction of moldings at an angle of 
45°: v.t. to adorn with a miter; 
join at 45°. 

mitigate (mit'i-gat), v.t. to render 
less severe or rigorous or painful; 
soften; alleviate. 

mitigation (-ga'shun), n. the act of 
mitigating; alleviation. 

Iitigative (mit'i-ga-tiv), adj. alle- 
viating. 
itigator (-ter), n. one who, or that 
which, mitigates. 
itigatory (mit'i-ga-to-ri), adj. tend- 
ing to mitigate. 
mitrailleuse (me-tra-lyez'), n. a 
breech-loading gun formed of many 
barrels fitted together, and capable 
of being fired simultaneously. 
mitral (ml'tral), adj. pertaining to, 
or shaped like, a miter. 



mitriform ('tri-form), adj. shaped 
like a miter; conical. 

mitten ('n), n. a fingerless winter 
glove; a fingerless cover for the 
hand or wrist. 

mittimus (mit'i-mus), (Latin we 
send), n. a warrant of commitment 
to prison; a writ transferring a 
record out of one court to another. 

mixture ('tur), n. the state of being 
mixed; a compound or mass formed 
by mixing, especially one in which 
the particles of each ingredient re- 
tain their property. 

mizzen (miz'n), n. the hindmost of 
the fore- and aft- sails of a vessel. 

mizzle ('1), v.i. to rain in very mi- 
nute drops; to take one's self off: n. 
fine rain. 

mizzly ('li), adj. drizzling; misty. 

mnemonic (ne-mon'ik), adj. assist- 
ing the memory. 

mnemonics ('iks), n.pl. the art or 
science of assisting the memory. 

moan (mon), v.i. to utter a low 
sound from, or as from, pain or 
sorrow: n. a low prolonged expres- 
sion of sorrow or pain. 

moat (mot), n. a ditch round a fortress, 
&c. : v.t. to surround with a moat. 

mob (mob), n. the populace; a rude 
disorderly crowd; riotous assembly; 
rabble: v.t. to attack in a disorderly 
crowd; crowd about and annoy. 

mobcap ('kap), n. a woman's plain 
headdress or cap. 

mobile (mo'bil), adj. easily moved. 

mobility (-bil'i-ti), n. susceptibility 
of motion. 

mobilization (-i-za/shun), n. the act 
of mobilizing. 

mobilize (-Iz), v.t. to call (troops) 
into active service. 

mobocracy (mob-ok'ra-si), n. the 
rule, or ascendency, of the mob. 

moccasin (mok'a-sin), n. a deerskin 
sandal or shoe worn b'y the North 
American Indians; a poisonous 
American snake. 

mocha (mo'ka), n. a kind of coffee 
from Mocha, a seaport of Arabia. 

mock (mok), v.t. to ridicule; mimic 



: 



arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MOCKERY 



480 



MOKE 



in sport, contempt, or derision; de- 
ride; disappoint the hopes of; tan- 
talize: n. derision; ridicule: adj. 
false; counterfeit. 
. mockery ('er-i), n. derision; ridi- 
cule; delusion; imitation. 

mocking bird (berd), n. an Ameri- 
can thrush noted for mimicry of the 
notes of other birds. 

modal (mo'dal), adj. pertaining to 
mode or form; indicating some mode 
of expression. 

modality (-dal'i-ti), n. the fact of 
being a mode; in law, the quality of 
being suspended by a condition. 

mode (mod) , n . form ; custom ; fashion ; 
manner; variety of a syllogism. 

model (mod'el), n. a pattern of some- 
thing to be made, or reproduced; 
example for imitation; standard 
copy; a person who poses as a sub- 
ject for a painter or sculptor: adj. 
serving as a pattern or model: v.t. 
to form after a model, especially in 
some plastic material: v.i. to practice 
modeling. 

modeler (-er), n. one who models. 

modeling (-ing), n. the act or art 
of making a model, especially of a 
work of art in some plastic material. 

moderate (mod'er-at), v.t. to keep 
within bounds; lessen; qualify: v.i. 
to become less violent or intense; 
preside as a moderator: adj. kept 
within bounds; not extreme or ex- 
cessive; restrained; frugal; calm; 
reasonable; mild. 

moderation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
moderating; the state of being mod- 

• erate; freedom from excess; equa- 
nimity. 

moderator (mod'er-a-ter), n. one 
who, or that which, moderates or 
restrains; the presiding officer in a 
church meeting. 

modern ('era), adj. pertaining to the 
present time; recent: n.pl. people of 
modern times. 

modernize (-iz), v.t. to render mod- 
ern in usage or taste. 

modest ('est), adj. restrained by a 



due sense of propriety; diffident; 
decent; chaste. 

modesty ('es-ti), n. the quality or 
state of being modest; propriety of j 
behavior or manner; chastity; dif- 
fidence; moderation. 

modicum ('i-kum), n. a little. 

modification (-i-fi-ka/shun), n. the 
act of modifying; the state of being 
modified; slight change in form. 

modify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. modi- 
fied, p.pr. modifying], to change 
slightly in form; vary; qualify; 
reduce. 

modiste (mo-desf), n. a fashionable 
dressmaker. 

modulate (mod'u-lat), v.t. to vary 
the sound of; change the key or 
mode of: v.i. to pass from one 
musical key to another. 

modulation (-la'shun), n. the act 
of modulating; the state of being 
modulated. 

modulator ('Q-la-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, modulates; in the 
tonic sol-fa system, a chart to in- 
dicate its modulations. 

Mogul (mo-gul'), adj. pertaining to 
the Mongolians: n. a person of the 
Mongolian race. The Emperor of 
Delhi was called the Great Mogul. 

mohair ('har), n. a fabric made from 
the hair of the Angora goat; an im- 
itation x>f such a fabric. 

Mohammedan (-ham'e-dan), adj. 
pertaining to Mohammed, or to Mo- 
hammedanism: n. an adherent of 
Mohammedanism. Also Mahome- 
tan, Mahomedan, Mussulman, Mos- 
lem. 

moiety (moi'e-ti), n. one of two equal 
parts or shares; half. 

moil (moil), v.i. to toil; drudge. 

moire (mwar), n. watered silk. 

moire-antique (an-tek'), n. a supe- 
rior variety of watered silk. 

moist (moist), adj. containing water 
or other liquid; humid; damp. 

moisten (mois'n), v.t. to make moist. 

moisture (moist 'tir), n. a moderate 
degree of dampness; slight wetness. 

moke (mok), n. a donkey. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




MOLAR 



481 



MONARCHY 



molar (mo'ler), n. a double tooth or 
grinder: adj. used for, and capable 
of, grinding. 

molasses (-las'ez), n. treacle. 

mold, mould (mold), n. a fine soft 
soil, rich in decayed matter; sub- 
stance of which anything is com- 
posed; a minute fungoid growth of 
decaying animal or vegetable mat- 
ter; the matrix in which anything 
is cast or shaped; character: v.t. 
cover with mold; cause to become 
moldy; fashion in, or as in, a mold: 
v.i. to become moldy. 

molder, moulder ('er), v.t. to turn 



into dust by natural decay: v.i. to 
en 



crumble to mold; waste away by 
degrees: n. one who molds. 

moldiness, mouldiness ('i-nes), n. 
the state of being moldy. 

molding, moulding ('ing), n. the 

Pact of molding; anything made in 
or by a mold; ornamental strip: 
used on a wall, picture frame, &c. 

moldy, mouldy ('i), adj. covered 
with or having mold. 

mole (mol), n. a dark-colored mark 
or small protuberance on the skin; 
a small soft-furred burrowing ani- 
mal with small eyes of the genus 
Talpa; a pier or breakwater. 

molecular (mo-lek'u-lar), adj. per- 
taining to, consisting of, produced 
by, or existing between, molecules. 

molecule (more-kul), n. the smallest 
quantity of an element or compound 
which can exist separately. 

moleskin (mol'skin), n. a twilled 
fustian cloth with a soft surface 

» resembling a mole's fur. 
olest (mo-lesf), v.t. to annoy, or 
interfere with; trouble; vex. 
molestation (mol-es-ta'shun), n. the 
act of molesting; interference; an- 
noyance, 
mollifier ('i-fi-er), n. one who molli- 
fies. 
mollify ('i-fi), v.t. \p.t. & p.p. molli- 
fied, p.pr. mollifying], to calm; 
soften ; assuage. 
mollusk ('usk), n. one of the Mol- 
lusca. 



Mollusca (mo-lus'ka), n.pl. a divis- 
ion of the Invertebrata comprising 
animals with a soft fleshy body, and 
covered more or less with a calca- 
reous shell, as the snail, &c. 

molluscan ('kan), adj. pertaining to 
the Mollusca. Also molluscous. 

mollycoddle (mol'i-kod'l), n. an 
effeminate person. 

Moloch (mo'lok), n. the fire-god of 
the ancient Phoenicians and Ammo- 
nites to whom human sacrifices were 
offered. Also Molech. 

molt, moult (molt), v.i. to cast the 
feathers, hair, skin, &c. 

molten (molt'en), adj. melted; made 
of melted metal. 

molybdenum (mol-ib-de'num), n. a 
rare metallic element. 

moment (mo'ment), n. the smallest 
possible portion of time; an instant; 
importance; value; the product of 
a force and the perpendicular of its 
line of action from the point on 
which it acts. 

momentarily (-ta-ri-li), adv. for a 
moment; from moment to moment. 

momentary ('men-ta-ri), adj. last- 
ing only for, or done in, a moment. 

momentous (-men'tus), adj. very 
important. 

momentum (-men'tum), n. impetus; 
the product of the mass by the ve- 
locity of a moving body. 

monachism (mon'a-kizm), n. mo- 
nastic life or system. Also monas- 
ticism. 

monad ('ad), n. an ultimate atom; a 
simple primary constituent of mat- 
ter; one of the smallest flagellate 
Infusoria; an elementary organism 
or cell; a univalent atom or radical. 

monarch ('ark), n. a supreme ruler; 
sovereign; the chief of its class or 
kind: adj. supreme. 

monarchism ('ar-kizm), n. the prin- 
ciples of monarchy; preference for 
monarchy. 

monarchy ('ark-i), n. [pi. monarch- 
ies (-iz) ], government in which the 
supreme power, either absolute or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MONASTERIAL 



482 



MONOGENESIS 



limited, is vested in a monarch, 
kingdom, or empire. 

monasterial (-as-te'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to a monastery, or to mo- 
nastic life. 

monastery ('as-ter-i), ft. [pi. mon- 
asteries (-iz) ], a home for religious 
retirement for men. 

monastic (mo-nas'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to monasteries, monks, their 
rules, &c. Also monastical. 

monasticism ('ti-sizm), n. mona- 
chism. 

mondaine (mon-dan'), ft. a woman 
of fashion. 

Monday (mun'da), n. the second day 
of the week. 

monetary (mun'e-ta-ri), adj. per- 
taining to money. 

monetary unit (u'nit), n. the stand- 
ard of the currency of a nation, as 
the pound in England, or the dol- 
lar in the United States. 

monetization (-e-ti-za'shun), ft. the 
act of monetizing. 

monetize ('e-tiz), v.t. to convert in- 
to money; give a standard or cur- 
rent value to. 

money ('i), n. [pi. moneys ('iz) ], 
coin; specie; gold, silver, or other 
metal stamped by legal authority 
and used as currency; any currency 
used as money; wealth. 

monger (mung'ger), ft. a dealer. 

Mongol (mong'gol), adj. pertaining 
to Mongolia, or to its inhabitants, 
or to one of the great divisions of 
mankind, of which the Mongols and 
Chinese are the type: n. a membei 
of the Mongol race. Also Mongo- 
lian. 

mongoos. n. Another form of mun- 
goose. 

mongrel (mung'grel), adj. of a 
mixed breed or kind.: n. anything 
of mixed breed or kind, as a dog, 
&c. 

monism (mon'izm), n. the doctrine of 
the unity of substance; the identity 
of matter and mind. 

monist ('ist), n. a supporter or ad- 
vocate of monism. 



monistic (mo-nis'tik), adj. pertain-, 
ing to monism. 

monition (mo-nish'un), n. admoni- 
tion; warning; notice. . 

monitive (mon'i-tiv), adj. admoni- 
tory. 

monitor ('i-ter), ft. one who warns 
or admonishes; a senior pupil se- 
lected to instruct the younger schol- 
ars; heavily-armed turreted iron- 
clad; a genus ot large lizards. 

monitorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or performed by, a monitor. 

monitory ('i-to-ri), adj. giving moni- 
tion. 

moni tress ('i-tres), ft. a female mon- 
itor. 

monk (mungk), n. a man who de- 
votes himself exclusively to a reli- 
gious life and lives in community 
with others similarly bound by vows 
to chastity, obedience, and poverty. 

monkey ('i), n. [pi. monkeys ('iz) ], 
a quadrumanous mammal, of the 
species Simiidae; a name for va- 
rious mechanical contrivances; a 
name of contempt, especially for 
one of mischievous propensities. 

monkey-boat (-bot), n. a small 
dock-boat. 

monkey-jacket (-jak'et), ft. a short 
closely fitting thick jacket. 

monkhood ('hood), ft. the character 
or condition of a monk; monks col- 
lectively. - 

monkshood ('s-hood), ft. aconite. 

mono, a prejix meaning one, single, 
alone. Also mon, as monobasic: 
adj. having only a single atom or 
equivalent of base, monocle, an eye- 
glass for one eye. 

monocular (mo-nok'u-lar), adj. 
adapted for use for one eye; with 
one eye only. 

monody (mon'o-di), n. a plaintive 
poem or song for one voice. 

monogamy (mo-nog'a-mi), ft. mar- 
riage of one wife only; marrying 
only once; pairing with a single 
mate, as the dove. 

monogenesis (mon-o-gen'e-sis), ft. a 
sexual reproduction from a single cell . 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MONOGRAM 



483 



MOOD 



monogram ('5-gram), n. a cipher or 
character formed by the interweav- 
ing of two or more letters. 

monograph ('o-graf), n. a paper or 
treatise written on one particular 
subject or some branch of it. 

monolith ('o-lith), n. a pillar or col- 
umn formed of a single stone. 

monologue ('o-log), n. a dramatic 
scene in which one person only 
speaks; soliloquy. 

monomania (-ma/ni-a), n. mental 
derangement in regard to one sub- 
ject only. 

monomaniac (-ma'ni-ak), adj. per- 
taining to, or affected with, mono- 
mania: n. one affected with mono- 
mama. 

monometallism (-met'al-izm), n. 
the legalized use of one metal only 
as currency. 

monoplane (mon'-o-plan), n. an 
aeroplane supported by a single 
plane or sustaining surface, as con- 
trasted with the biplane, q. v. 

monopolist (mo-nop'o-list), n. one 
who has a monopoly, or monopolizes. 

monopolize ('o-liz), v.t. to acquire 
the possession of so as to be the only 
seller; to engross the whole_ of. 

monorail (mon'o-ral), n/a single rail 
serving as a track for a wheeled 
carriage. 

monotheism (mon'o-the-izm), n. the 
doctrine of, or belief in, the ex- 
istence of one God. 

monotone (mon'o-ton), n. recitation 
on a single note or key: v.t. to re- 
cite (as prayers) on a single note. 

monotonous (mo-not'o-nus), adj. 
continued in the same unvarying 
tone; wearisome. 

monotony ('o-ni), n. dull uniform- 
ity of tone; unvarying or irksome 
sameness. 

monotype (mon'o-tip), n. a machine 
that sets type by casting single let- 
ters instead of lines of words. 

monoxide (-noks'Id), n. an oxide 
having one atom of oxygen in each 
molecule. 

monseigneur (mong-sa-nyeV), n. 



[pi. messeigneurs (ma-sa-nyeV) 1, 
formerly* a title in France given to 
persons of high birth or rank, espe- 
cially to the dauphin; a title of 
French bishops. 

monsieur (mo-sye'), n. [pi. mes- 
sieurs (me-sye') ], a French title of 
courtesy, equivalent to Sir or Mr.; 
formerly the title of the eldest 
brother of the King of France. 

monsignore (mon-se-nyo'ra), n. [pi. 
monsignori ('re) ], an ecclesiastical 
title conferred by the Pope, on prel- 
ates of the Papal household, equiva- 
lent to Lord. 

monsoon (-soon'), n. a periodical 
wind in the Indian Ocean blowing 
from the southwest from April to 
October, and from the northeast 
during the other part of the year. 

monster ('ster), n. anything out of 
the usual course of nature; prodigy; 
something greatly deformed; a- per- 
son remarkable for extreme wicked- 
ness, cruelty, &c: adj. of unusual 
size. 

monstrosity (-stros'i-ti), n. [pi. 
monstrosities (-tiz) ], the state or 
quality of being monstrous; an un- 
natural production. 

monstrous ('strus), adj. out of the 
common course of nature; wonder- 
ful; huge; horrible; enormous. 

monte (mon'ta), n. a gambling game 
played with dice or cards by the 
Spaniards. 

month (munth), n. one of the twelve 
divisions of the year, either calen- 
dar or lunar. 

monument (mon'u-ment), n. any- 
thing that perpetuates the memory 
of a person or event. 

monumental ('al), adj. pertaining 
to, or serving as, a monument; last- 
ing. 

mood (mood), n. style; manner; 
temper of mind; variation in the 
form of a verb to express the manner 
of action or being; in logic, the form 
of a syllogism with regard to the 
quantity and quality of the three 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






MOODY 



484 



MORBIDITY 



propositions by which it is formed; 
in music, the same as mode. 

moody ('i), adj. [comp. moodier, 
superl. moodiest], abstracted an 
pensive; out of temper; sad; gloomy. 

moonsail ('sal), n. a sail carried 
above a skysail. Also moonraker. 

moonshine ('shin), n. moonlight; 
show without reality; smuggled 
spirits. 

moonshiner (-er), n. a distiller of 
illicit whisky; a smuggler of whisky. 

moonstone ('ston), n. a translucent 
stone of yellowish or yellow-white 
color exhibiting beautiful pearly 
reflections. 

moonstruck ('struk), adj. lunatic. 

moonwort (Vert), n. a fern with 
crescent-shaped fronds. 

moony ('i), adj. crescent-shaped; 
weakly sentimental; intoxicated. 

Moor (moor), n. one of a dark race 
dwelling in Barbary in Northern 
Africa. 

moor (moor), n. an extensive tract 
of waste land covered with heather, 
&c, sometimes marshy or peaty: v.t. 
to secure (a ship) by a cable and 
anchor: v.i. to be secured by a cable 
and anchor 

moorage ('ajj, n. a mooring place. 

moor-cock ('kok), n. the male of the 
red grouse. Also moor-fowl. 

mooring ('ing), n. the act of secur- 
ing a vessel to a particular place; 
the cables, anchors, &c, laid at the 
bottom of a harbor, &c, to which a 
vessel is moored: pi. the place where 
a vessel is moored. 

moorstone ('ston), n. a variety of 
Cornish granite, used for building. 

moose (moos), n. a large North 
American deer resembling the Euro- 
pean elk. 

moot (moot), v.t. to propose for dis- 
cussion: v.i. to argue or plead on 
a supposed case: n. a discussion on 
a»supposed case: adj. subject or open 
for discussion or debate. 

moot-court (moot'cort), n. a mock 
court in which law students try 
imaginary cases for practice. 



mope (mop), v.i. to be silent, dull or 
dispirited. 

moquette (mo-kef), n. a Brussels or 
tapestry carpet with a short velvety 
pile. 

mora (mo'ra), n. a South American 
tree the wood of which is used for 
shipbuilding and furniture, and its 
bark for tanning; an Italian game 
of guess played with the fingers. 

moraine (mo-ran'), n. a line of rocks 
and gravel at the edges and base of 
glaciers. 

moral (mor'al), adj. pertaining to 
morality or morals; conformed to 
right; subject to, or influenced by, 
the moral law; virtuous; practically 
sufficient; serving to teach a moral: 
n. inner meaning: pi. moral phil- 
osophy or ethics; conduct of life; 
behavior. 

morale (mo-ral'), n. moral condition; 
that mental state which renders a 
man capable of endurance and of 
exhibiting courage in the presence 
of danger. 

moralize (mor'al-iz), v.t. to apply 
or explain in a moral sense; render 
moral: v.i. to make reflections on 
good or evil. 

moralist (mor'a-list), n. one who 
moralizes; one who teaches or prac- 
tices the duties of. life. 

morality (mo-ral'i-ti), n. [pi. morali- 
ties (-tiz) ], the doctrine or prac- 
tice of the duties of life; ethics; vir- 
tue ; formerly a kind of allegorical play. 

moral philosophy (fil-os'o-fi), n. 
ethics. 

morass (mo-ras'), n. a swamp; fen. 

moratorium (mor-a-to'ri-um), n. 
legalized right to postpone payment 
of a debt after it otherwise would 
fall due: as in England at the out- 
break of the Great War in 1914. 

Moravian (-ra'vi-an), adj. pertaining 
to Moravia, or to a Protestant sect, 
the Moravians or United Brethren. 

morbid (mor'bid), adj. pertaining to 
disease; sickly; unhealthy. 

morbidity (-bid'i-ti), n. a morbid 
state. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MORBIFIC 



485 



MORTAR 



morbific (-bif -ik) , adj. producing 
disease. 

morceau (-soO, n. a small piece 
[French. 

mordant ('dant), adj. biting into or 
fixing colors; sarcastic; caustic: n. 
a substance that has a chemical af- 
finity for coloring matter, and serves 
to fix certain colors in dyeing; a 
substance to make gold;leaf adhere. 

moreen (mo-ren), n. a stout woolen 
embossed or figured fabric. 

morel (mor'el), n. a small fungus 
used for food and flavoring. Also 
moril. 

morello (mo-rel'5), n.' a dark-red 
cherry: used for making cherry- 
brandy. 

Moresque (mo-resk'), adj. Moorish 
or Arabesque: n. such decoration or 
architecture. 

morganatic (mor-ga-nat'ik) , adj. 
noting the marriage of a man of 
royal rank with a woman of inferior 
degree, whose children are legiti- 
mate but cannot inherit their 
father's rank or possessions. 

morgue (morg), n. a place where the 
bodies of persons unknown found 
dead are exposed for identification. 

moribund (mor'i-bund), adj. dying 

morion (mo'ri-un), n. an open hel- 
met without beaver or vizor. 

Morisco (mo-ris'ko), n. a Moor; the 
Moorish language. 

Mormon (mor'mun), adj. pertaining 
to a sect founded in 1830 by Joseph 
Smith, who professed to have found 
the Book of Mormon. The sect, 
called also Latter Day Saints, 
formerly practiced polygamy, and 
has its headquarters in Utah, U.S.A. 

morning (morning), n. the early 
part of the day: poet, .morn: adj. 
pertaining to, occurring, or per- 
formed, in the morning. 

morning watch (woch), n. watch 
on shipboard from 4 a. m. to 8 a. m. 

moro (mor'o), n. a form of tumor; 
a kind of bird; a warlike native of 
the Philippine Islands. 

morocco (mo-rok'o), n. a fine kind 



of grained leather of goatskin or 
sheepskin; first prepared at Morocco, 
Africa. 

morone (-ron'), »• a dark crimson 
color. 

morose (-ros'), adj. sullen; austere: 
gloomy. 

morphia (mor'fi-a), n. the narcotic 
principles of opium. Also morphine. 

morphinism ('fin-izm), n. a morbid 
state occasioned by the excessive 
use of morphia. 

morphological (-fo-loj'i-ka.1), adj. 
pertaining to morphology. Also 
morphologic. 

morphology (-fol'o-ji), n. the science 
of the forms in the organisms of 
animals and plants. 

morris (mor'is), n. a .Moorish dance 
with tambourines, bells, castanets, 
&c, common in Old English pa- 
geants and revels; an old game 
played with men and counters on 
squares. Also morrice. 

morris-chair (mor'is-char) , n. an 
easy chair, with back that can be 
inclined at any angle. 

morrow ('o), n. the next day. 

morse (mors), h. the walrus; a clasp 
for fastening a cope. 

morsel (mor'sel), n. a small piece. 

mort (mort), n. a salmon in its third 
year; a note or notes sounded on a 
hunting horn to notify the death of 
game. 

mortal (mor'tal), adj. subject to 
death; causing death; fatal; pun- 
ishable with death; violent; ex- 
treme; tedious; pertaining to human 
beings: n. a human being; man, as 
subject to death. 

mortality (tal'i-ti), n. the condition 
of being mortal; mankind; frequency 
or number of deaths in ratio to 
population. 

mortar ('ter), n. a .vessel in which 
substances are pounded with a 
pestle ; a short piece of ordnance used 
for throwing shells at high angles 
of elevation; a building cement of 
lime, sand, and water: v.t. to plaster 
or secure with mortar. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, *hen. 



MORTGAGE 



486 



MOTOR 



mortgage (mor'gaj), n. a deed con- 
veying property to a creditor as se- 
curity for the payment of a debt; 
the deed by which such conveyance 
is made: v.t. to convey or make over 
to a creditor as security; pledge. 

mortgagee (-ga-je'), n. the person to 
whom a mortgage is made or given. 

mortgager ('ga-jer), n. the person who 
grants a mortgage. Also mortgagor. 

mortification (-ti-fi-ka/shun), ft. the 
act of mortifying; gangrene; sub- 
jugation of the passions and appe- 
tites by abstinence; humiliation; 
vexation; chagrin. 

mortify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. mor- 
tified, p.pr. mortifying], to destroy 
the vital functions of; produce gan- 
grene in; subdue by penance or aus- 
terities; humble; depress; chagrin: 
v.i. to be subdued; practice austeri- 
ties; become gangrenous. 

mortise ('tis), n. a hole made in 
wood to receive a tenon: v.t. to cut 
or make a mortise in. 

mortmain ('man), n. alienation of 
lands or tenements to any corporate 
body. 

mortuary ('ii-a-ri), n. [pi. mortu- 
aries (-riz) ], a building for the 
dead pending burial : adj. pertaining 
to the burial of the dead. 

Mosaic (mo-za'ik), adj. pertaining to 
Moses, to the Law, institutions, &c, 
given through him, or to his writings. 

mosaic (-za'ik), adj. pertaining to 
or consisting of, mosaic work: n. a 
design, or form of artistic work 
formed by the union of very minute 
pieces of glass, stone, &c, of various 
colors, inlaid in a ground of stucco 
or metal. 

Moselle (mS-zel'), n. a light white wine. 

Moslem (mos'lem), adj. pertaining 
to Mohammedans: n. a Moham- 
medan or Mussulman. 

mosque (mosk), n. a Mohammedan 
temple. 

mosquito (mus-ke'to), n. an insect 
of the genus Culex, the females of 
which puncture the skin of men and 



animals, causing great cutaneous 
irritation and pain. 

moss (m6s), n. soft peaty moorland; 
a natural order of cryptogamous 
bog plants, the musci, with simple 
narrow leaves and of cellular struc- 
ture; a lichen. 

moss-rose ('roz), n. a fragrant va- 
riety of rose with a moss-like calyx. 

mot (mo), n. a witty saying [French]. 

mote (mot), ft. a popular assembly 
for the discussion and management 
of affairs; a very small particle. 

motet (mo-tef), n. a short vocal 
composition of a sacred character; 
anthem. 

moth (m6th), n. a lepidopterous in- 
sect or its larvse, which feed upon 
cloth, fur, &c; anything that grad- 
ually gnaws away. 

mother-of-pearl (-perl), ft. the hard, 
silvery internal layer of various 
kinds of shells. 

mothers'-day (muWers-da), ft. the 
second Sunday in May, when 
mothers are to be honored in various 
ways. 

motion (mo 'shun), ft. the act, pro- 
cess, or state of moving; passage of 
a body from one place to another; 
animal life and action; impulse, de- 
sire, or passion; internal activity; a 
proposition made in a deliberative as- 
sembly; evacuation of the bowels: 
v.i. to make significant movement 
or gesture. 

motion-picture (mo'shun-pik'tur), ft. 
[See moving-picture.] 

motive ('tiv), adj. causing motion; 
able or tending to move: ft. that 
which moves or excites to action; 
inducement ; reason; stimulus; in 
art, leading idea, or conception. 

motive power (pou'er), ft. any nat- 
ural agent, as wind, water, steam, 
electricity, &c, employed to produce 
motion in a machine. 

motley (mot'li), adj. covered with 
parts of various colors; heteroge- 
neous. 

motor (mo'ter), ft. that which pro- 
duces motion, or power, especially a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MOTOR BOAT 



487 



MOVEMENT 



machine which performs mechanical 
work; a machine for transmuting 
energy into mechanical motion. 

motor boat (bot), n. a boat pro- 
pelled by a gasoline or other marine 
motor. 

motor car (kar), n. a vehicle pro- 
pelled by means of petroleum, elec- 
tricity, &c. 

motorcycle (-sl-kl), n. a bicycle pro- 
pelled by a motor. 

motordrome (drom), n. a field for 
automobile and motorcycle races. 

motorman (mo'ter-man), n. the 
operator of an electric car. 

mottle (mot'l), v.t. to mark with 
spots of various colors; variegate. 

motto ('5), n. [pi. mottoes ('oz)], a 
concise sentence added to a devi>ce ; 
or prefixed to anything, suggesting 
some guiding principle, &c. 

moujik (moo-zhek'), ». a Russian 
peasant. 

mould. See mold. 

moulin (moo-lang'), n. a deep crack 
intersecting a glacial rivulet [French]. 

moulinage ('lin-aj), n. the process of 
reeling off silk in its raw state and 
dressing it prior to dyeing. 

moulinet ('li-net), n. a kind of turn- 
stile; the drum or capstan of a ma- 
chine for hoisting. 

moult. See molt. 
, mound (mound), n. an artificial bank 
of earth or stone, originally for de- 
fensive purposes; hillock; a small 
globe surmounted by a cross, sym- 
bolical of empire: v.t. to furnish, or 
fortify, with a mound. 

Mound Builders (bil'derz), n.pl. a 
orehistoric race formerly dwelling in 
the valley of the Mississippi, who 
erected large earthen mounds, &c. 

mount (mount), n. a hill or moun- 
tain; a rocky mass or elevation ris- 
ing above the level of the surround- 
ing land; a mound for defense or at- 
tack; rampart; cardboard on which 
a drawing is fixed: v.t. to raise on 
high; climb; ascend; bestride; fur- 
nish with horses; prepare for use by 
fixing on, or in, something else : v.i. 



to rise up; project; tower; get on 
horseback. 

mountain ('in) ; n. a large mass of 
rock or earth rising above the level 
of the adjacent country; usually 
over 2,000 feet; anything very large. 

mountaineer (-eV), n. one who 
dwells among ^ or climbs, moun- 
tains: v.i. to climb mountains. 

mountainous (-us), adj. full of, or 
resembling, mountains. 

mountebank ('e-bank). n. a quack- 
doctor; boastful pretender. 

mounted ('ed), p.adj. seated or serv- 
ing on horseback; placed on a suit- 
able support. 

mounting ('ing), n. the act of mount- 
ing : embeUishing ; or equipping. 

mourn (morn), v.i. to grieve; la- 
ment; be sorrowful; wear mourn- 
ing: v.t. to grieve for; bewail. 

mourner ('er), n. one who mourns; 
one who attends a funeral. 

mournful ('fool), adj. causing, or 
expressing, sorrow; doleful; sad. 

mourning C'ing), n. expression of 
grief: lamenting; the dress of a 
mourner. 

mouse (mous), n. [pi. mice (mis)], 
a small rodent of the genus Mus, 
that infests houses, granaries, &c: 

mousseline-de-laine (moo-se-len- 
de-lan'), n. a very light textured 
woolen dress material. 

moustache. See mustache. 

mouthful ('fool) t n. [pi. mouthfuls 
(-foolz)], as much as can be put into 
the mouth at one time; small quan- 
tity. 

mouthpiece ('pes), n. that part of 
an instrument which is held in or 
applied to the mouth ; a spokesman. 

movability (moov-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being movable. 

movable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing moved or conveyed; changing 
from one time to another: n.pl. 
goods, wares or furniture. 

movable feasts (fests), n.pl. certain 
Church festivals, the date of which 
is determined by Easter. 

movement ('ment), n. the act or 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue. hut; think, then. 



MOVING-PICTURE 



488 



MULL 



manner of moving; change of place 
or position; motion; excitement; 
emotion ; agitation ; the going mech- 
anism of a watch or clock; any- 
single part in a musical composition. 

moving-picture ('tur), n. popular 
term covering every form of ani- 
mated pictures (see biograph). 

moving platform (moov'ing plat'- 
form), n. device for a series of 
connected platforms, with and with- 
out seats, mechanically moved at 
different speeds. 

mow (mo), v.t. [p.t. mowed, p.p. 
mowed, mown, p.pr. mowing], to cut 
down with, or as with, a scythe: v.i. 
to cut grass with a scythe. 

mow (mou), n. a heap of hay, &c, 
stowed in a barn; the compartment 
in a barn where hay, etc., are 
stored: v.t. to stow in a mow. 

mown, p.p. of mow. 

mucilage (mii'si-laj), n. a gummy or 
gelatinous substance; gum of plants. 

mucilaginous (-laj'i-nus), adj. per- 
taining to, resembling, or secreting, 
mucilage or gum. 

muck (muk), n. moist dung; any- 
thing filthy or vile: v.t. to manure 
with dung. 

muckraker (muk'ra-ker), n. one 
who rakes muck ; a censorious and 
abusive writer or speaker. 

muckworm ('werm), n. a grub or 
larva bred in manure; a miser. 

mucky ('i), adj. consisting* of muck; 
miry; nasty; filthy. 

mucous (mu'kus), adj. pertaining to, 
resembling, or secreting, mucus; vis- 
cous or slimy. 

mucous membrane (mem'bran), n. 
the moist, glandular lining of the 
cavities and canals of the human 
body. 

mucus ('kus), n. the viscid fluid se- 
creted by the mucous membrane; a 
gummy or slimy substance found in 
certain plants. 

muddle ('1), v.t. to make a mess of 
or confuse; cloud or stupefy; make 
partially drunk; squander: n. a con- 



fused state; intellectual dulness or 
bewilderment. 

muff (muf), n. a warm soft cylindri- 
cal cover of fur, &c, to keep the 
hands warm in cold weather; a 
stupid, spiritless fellow; failure to 
hold a ball when catching it: v.t. to 
handle awkwardly; fail to hold (a 
ball) when catching it. 

muffetee (-e-te'), n. a fur or worsted 
wristband. 

muffin ('in), n. a soft light spongy 
round cake. 

muffle ('1), v.t. to wrap up closely 
and warmly; cover or conceal the 
face of; cover up so as to deaden 
sound: v.i. to speak indistinctly: n. 
a semi-cylindrical earthenware oven 
used in assaying metals. 

muffler ('ler), n. a wrapper. 

mufti ('ti), n. [pi. muftis ('tiz), n. 
a doctor or official expounder of Mo- 
hammedan law; civilian dress worn 
by a naval or military officer when 
off duty. 

muggy ('i), adj. warm, damp, and 
close; moldy. 

mugwump ('wump), n. an independ- j 
ent member of the Republican party. 

Muhammedan. Same as Mohamme- 
dan. 

mulatto (mu-lat'6), n. [pi. mulattoes 
('oz) ], the offspring of negro and 
white parents. Feminine mulattress. 

mulberry (muTber-i), n. [pi. mul- 
berries (-iz) 1, the tree or fruit of 
the genus Morus; dark purple. 

mulch (mulch), n. half ro.tten straw, 
litter, &c, used to protect the roots 
of trees, plants, &c. : v.t. to cover, or 
protect, with mulch. 

mulct (mulkt), v.t. to punish with a 
fine: n. a fine, especially for some 
misdemeanor. 

muleteer (-e-teV), n. a mule driver. 

mulish (mul'ish), adj. like a mule; 
stubborn. 

mull (mul), n. a headland or cape; a 
snuff-box made of the end of a horn; 
a very thin soft kind of muslin; an 
inferior kind of madder; dust or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MULLEIN 



489 



MUNGOOS 



rubbish; failure: v.t. to warm, spice, 
and sweeten (wine, ale, &c). 

mullein (mul'in), n. a coarse her- 
baceous plant. 

muller ('er), n. a flat-bottomed pestle 
used for grinding pigments or drugs. 

mullet ('et), an edible marine fish, 
much esteemed for the table. 

mullion ('yun), n. an upright bar or 
division between the lights of win- 
dows, screens, &c, in a Gothic arch: 
v.t. to furnish with, or divide by, 
mullions. 

mulse (muls), n. wine boiled and 
mixed with honey. 

mult, multi, prefixes meaning many: 
as, mwftangular, having many an- 
gles, multifiorous, having many 
flowers. 

multi graph (mul'ti-graf), n. a ma- 
chine for reproducing copies of 
typewritten matter. 

multi-millionaire (mul'ti-mil'yun- 
ar), n. one having two or more mil- 
lion dollars. 

multiple (mul'ti-pl), adj. consisting 
of many parts; repeated many times : 
n. a number or quantity which con- 
tains another an exact number of 
times without a remainder., 

multiplex ('ti-pleks), adj. manifold. 

multiplicand (-pli-kand'), n. the 
number or quantity to be multiplied. 

multiplicate ('ti-pli-kat), adj. con- 
sisting of many. 

multiplication (-ka/shun), n. the 
act or process of multiplying; rule 
or operation by which any given 
number or quantity is multiplied. 

multiplicity (-plis'i-ti), n. the state 
of being manifold; a great number. 

multiplier ('ti-pli-er), n. one who, or 
that which multiplies or increases; 
the number or quantity by which an- 
other is multiplied. 

multiply ('ti-pli), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
multiplied, p.pr. multiplying], to 
cause to increase in number; make 
more by natural generation, produc- 
tion or addition; repeat (any given 
number or quantity) as often as 
there are units in another number 



or quantity: v.i, to increase in num- 
ber or extent. 

multitude ('ti-tud), n. a great num- 
ber; crowd; assembly; populace 
(with the). 

multitudinous (-tu'di-nus), adj. per- 
taining to, or consisting of, a multi- 
tude; numerous. 

multum ('turn), n. a mixture of the 
extracts of quassia and liquorice used 
for adulterating beer. 

mum (mum), adj. silent: n. silence; 
a kind of strong ale: inter j. be silent! 

mumble ('bl), v.t. & v.i. to mutter or 
speak indistinctly ; chew gently with 
closed lips. 

mumbo- jumbo Cbo-jum'bo), n. a 
West African idol or object of su- 
perstitious reverence or dread; vul- 
gar bugbear. 

mumm (mum), v.i. to mask or dis- 
guise one's self for sport. 

mummer ('er), n. one who makes 
sport in disguise; a masker; actor. 

mummery ('er-i), n. masquerading; 
buffoonery; hypocritical parade or 
disguise. 

mummiform ('i-f6rm), adj. like a 
mummy. 

mummy ('i), n. [pi. mummies ('iz) ], 
a dead body embalmed after the 
manner of the ancient Egyptians; a 
kind of wax used in grafting trees; 
a rich brown color from bitumen. 

mump (mump), v.i. & v.t. to move the 
lips with the mouth nearly closed; 
nibble; cheat; whine or sulk; play 
the beggar; to mutter; impose upon. 

mumper ('er), n. a begging impostor. 

mumps ('s), n. a contagious febrile 
disease characterized by the swelling 
of the glands of the neck: pi. the 
sulks. 

munch (munch), v.t. & v.i. to chew 
with an audible crunching noise. 

mundane (mun'dan), adj. pertaining 
to the world. 

mundil ('dil), n. a richly embroid- 
ered turban. 

mungoos (mung'g5os), n. an ichneu- 
mon that preys on snakes. Also 
mongoos. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, inet; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MUNICIPAL 



490 



MUSING 



municipal (mu-nis'i-pal), adj. per- 
taining to a city, corporation, state, 
or local self-government. 

municipal law (law), n. the com- 
mon law of a city or country. 

municipality ('i-ti), n. [pi. munici- 
palities (-tiz) ], a corporate town or 
city; a division of the country 
[France]. 

munificence (nif'i-sens), n. the qual- 
ity or state of being munificent; lib- 
erality. % 

munificent ('i-sent), adj. character- 
ized by. great liberality in giving; 
bountiful. 

muniment (mu'ni-ment), n. a strong- 
hold or fortification; a legal record 
defending a title; title-deed or char- 
ter. 

munitions (-nish'unz), n.pl. military 
stores or material. 

mural ('ral), adj. pertaining to, 
growing on, or resembling, a wall. 

murder (mer'der), n. homicide with 
malice aforethought: v.t. to kill with 
premeditated malice; mangle; mar 
or ruin. 

murderer (-er), n. one who is guilty 
of murder. Feminine murderess. 

murderous, (-us), adj. pertaining to, 
guilty of, or attended with, murder. 

muriate (mQ'ri-at), n. a salt of muri- 
atic acid. 

muriatic (-at'ik), adj. derived from 
sea salt. 

murine ('rin), adj. pertaining to a 
mouse or mice. 

murk (merk), n. darkness. 

murkiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being murky. 

murky ('i), adj. dark; gloomy; ob- 
scure. 

murmur (mer'mer), n. a low indis- 
tinct sound, as of a running stream; 
a complaint in a low muttering 
tone: v.i. to make a low continued 
noise like the hum of bees; mutter 
in discontent; grumble. 

murra ('a), n. a delicate kind of 
handsome ancient ware made of 
fluor-spar. 



murrain (mur'an), n. an infectious 
and fatal disease among cattle. 

murrey ('i), n. dark red. 

muscardine (mus'kar-din), n. a 
fungus which causes fatal disease in 
silk- worms. 

muscatel ('ka-tel), n. a variety of 
rich wine ; the grapes which produce 
it; a sweet fragrant pear. Musca- 
del, muscadine. 

muscle ('1), n. a highly contractile 
organ of fibrous tissue by which 
movement in an animal body is ef- 
fected; muscular strength. 

Muscovite ('ko-vit), n. a Russian. 

muscovy duck (-vi duk), n. a large 
duck of tropical America. 

muscular ('ku-lar), adj. pertaining 
to, consisting of, or performed by, 
muscles; strong; vigorous; brawny. 

muscularity (-lar'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity or state of being muscular. 

Muse (muz), n. any one of the nine 
classical goddesses who presided each 
over one of the nine liberal arts. 

muse (muz), v.i. to study in silence; 
meditate; be absent-minded: v.t. to 
meditate on. 

musette (mu-zef), n. a small bag- 
pipe; a soft melodious air. 

museum (-ze'um), n. a collection of 
natural, scientific, or literary curi- 
osities, or of works of art; the 
building containing such a collection. 

mush (mush), n. boiled Indian maize 
meal. 

mushroom ('room), n. an edible fun- 
gus Agaricus campestris, or similar 
edible fungi; an upstart: ad;, made 
from, or resembling mushrooms; up- 
start; ephemeral. 

music (mu'zikj, n. the art or science 
of harmonic sounds; harmony or 
melody; musical score or composi- 
tion. 

musicale (-zi-kal'), n. a social mu- 
sical party. 

musician (-zish'an) ; n. one skilled in 
the science of music; one who sings, 
or plays on a musical instrument. 

musing (mtiz'ing), n. meditation: 
adj. meditative. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



MUSK 



491 



MUTTER 



musk (musk), n. a strong-scented 
substance obtained from the male 
musk-deer; a small plant with a 
musk-scented perfume. 

musk-deer ('der), n. a small horn- 
less deer which yields musk. 

musk-duck ('duk), n. the Muscovy 
duck; an Australian duck. 

musket (mus'ket), n. the firearm for- 
merly used by infantry. 

musketeer (-er'), n. a soldier armed 
with a musket. 

musketoon (-oon'), n. a short mus- 
ket. 

musketry (-ri), n. firearm practice. 

musk-ox (musk'oks), n. an Arctic 
bovine animal. 

muskrat (musk'rat), n. an aquatic 
rodent of North America which 
emits a musky secretion. Also musk- 
beaver, musquash. 

muslin (muz'lin), n. a fine thin cot- 
ton cloth or fabric: adj. made of 
muslin. 

muslinet (-ef), n. a coarse muslin. 

musquash. Same as muskrat. 

musquito. Same as mosquito. 

muss (mus), n. a confused struggle; 
disorder: v.t. to disorder, as clothing. 

mussel ('el), n. a marine edible bi- 
valve. 

Mussulman ('ul-man), n. [pi. Mus- 
sulmans (-manz) ], a Mohammedan, 
or Moslem. 

mussy (mus'i), adj. disordered. 

must (must), n. unfermented ex- 
pressed grape juice: v.t. to make 
moldy and sour: v.i. to be obliged 
morally or physically. 

mustache (mus-tash'), n. hair worn 
on a man's upper lip. Also mous- 
tache. 

mustang ('tang), n. the small, hardy, 
semi-wild horse of the prairies. 

mustard ('terd), n. a plant and its 
seed of the genus Sinapis; a condi- 
ment made from the ground seed. 

mus tee (-te), n. the offspring of a 
white and a quadroon. Also mestee. 

muster ('ter), n. an assembly % of 
troops for review or active service; 
register of troops mustered; assem- 



blage; collection: v.t. to assemble, as 
troops for review or active service: 
v.i. to meet in one place. 

mustily ('ti-li), adv. in a musty con- 
dition. 

musty ('ti), adj. [comp. mustier, su- 
perl. mustiest], spoiled with damp, 
mold, or age; spiritless; antiquated. 

mutability (mu-ta-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being subject to change; 
instability. 

mutable ('ta-bl), adj. susceptible of 
change. 

mutableness (-nes), n. the quality 
or state of being mutable. 

mutably (-bli), adv. in a mutable 
manner. 

mutation (mu-ta'shun), n. altera- 
tion; change. 

mute (mut), adj. silent; dumb; not 
pronounced or sounded: n. one who 
is dumb or remains silent; an under- 
taker's assistant who stands before 
the door of a house at a funeral; a 
consonant which is not pronounced, 
or intercepts the sound; a contriv- 
ance to deaden or soften the sound 
of a musical instrument. 

mutilate (mu'ti-lat), v.t. to cut off a 
limb or essential part of; render im- 
perfect; maim. 

mutilation (-la'shun) r n. the act of 
mutilating. 

mutilator ('ti-la-ter), n. one who 
mutilates. 

mutineer (-ti-ner'), n. one who is 
guilty of mutiny: v.i. to mutiny. 

mutinous ('ti-nus), adj. disposed to, 
or guilty of, mutiny; seditious. 

mutiny ('ti-ni), n. insurrection 
against, or forcible resistance to, 
constituted authority, especially of 
soldiers or sailors against their offi- 
cers: v.i. [p.t. &p.p. mutinied, p.pr. 
mutinying!, to rise against consti- 
tuted authority. 

mutism ('tizm), n. the state or habit 
of being mute. 

mutoscope (mu'to-skop), n. a form 
of kinetoscope, worked by hand. 

mutter (mut'er), v.i. to utter words 
in a low voice with compressed lips; 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



boon, 



MUTTON 



492 



MYTHOLOGICAL 



murmur: v.t. to utter indistinctly: 
n. indistinct utterance; murmur. 

mutton ('n), n. the flesh of sheep. 

mutual (mu'tu-al), adj. reciprocal. 

mutuality (-al'i-ti), n. reciprocation. 

mutualism (-izm), n. the ethical doc- 
trine of mutual dependence in social 
development. 

muzzle (muz*), n. the projecting 
mouth, lips, and nose of an animal; 
snout; the mouth of a gun, &c; a 
fastening or cover for the mouth of 
a dog, &c. to prevent biting: v.t. to 
secure the mouth of with a muzzle. 

muzzy ('i), adj. absent-minded; mud- 
dled. 

myalgia (-al'ji-a), n. stiffness or 
cramp in the voluntary muscles. 

mycology (-kol'o-ji), n. the branch 
of botany that treats of fungi or 
mushrooms. 

myelitis (-el-i'tis), n. inflammation 
of the spinal cord. 

mynheer (mln-har'), n. sir [Dutch]; 
a Dutchman. 

myo, a prefix meaning muscle, as myo- 
dynamics, the science of muscular 
action. 

myology (mi-ol'o-ji), n. a description 
of the muscles. 

myopia (-o'pi-a), n. short-sighted- 



myriad (mir'i-ad), n. the number of 
10,000; a very large number: adj. 
innumerable. 

myriagram, myriagramme ('i-a- 
gram), n. in the metric system, 
10,000 grams. 

myrialiter, myrialitre (-le-ter), n. 
in the metric system, 10,000 liters. 

myriameter, myriametre (-me- 
ter), n. in the metric system 10,000 
meters. 

myriare ('i-ar), n. in the metric sys- 
tem, 10,000 ares. 

Myrmidon ('mi-don), n. one of a tribe 
of Thracian warriors who accom- 
panied Achilles to the Trojan war. 

myrmidon, n. a brutal or unprinci- 
pled follower or subordinate. 

myrrh (mer), n. the aromatic gummy 



resin of Balsamodendron myrrha, 
growing in Arabia and Abyssinia. 

myrtle (mer'tl)j n. a fragrant ever- 
green shrub of the genus Myrtus. 

mystagogue (mis'ta-gog), n. an ini- 
tiator in.to, or interpreter of, mys- 
teries; in the Roman Catholic 
Church, one who keeps and exhibits 
relics. 

mysterious (-te'ri-us), adj. not clear 
to the understanding; obscure; in- 
comprehensible. 

mystery ('ter-i), n. [pi. mysteries 
(-iz)], something secret, obscure, or 
unexplained ; that which is beyond 
human comprehension; formerly a 
trade or handicraft: pi. among the 
ancients, sacred rites and ceremonies 
to which the initiated only were ad- 
mitted; religious dramas or miracle 
plays. 

mystic ('tik), adj. pertaining to, or 
containing, mystery or mysticism; 
allegorical; emblematical; obscure; 
occult. Also mystical : n. a believer 
in mysticism. 

mysticism ('ti-sizm), n. the doc- 
trines of the Mystics, who professed 
a pure, sublime, and disinterested 
devotion, and who aspired to a more 
direct intercourse with God, through 
the inward perception of the mind, 
than is afforded by revelation; ob- 
scurity of thought or teaching. 

mystification (-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of mystifying; the state of be- 
ing mystified. 

mystify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. mys- 
tified, p.pr. mystifying], to involve 
in mystery; obscure; bewilder; puz- 
zle. 

myth (mith), n. a legend; poetic fic- 
tion; a fabulous narrative founded 
on some event, especially in the 
early existence of a people, and em- 
bodying their ideas as to their own 
origin, their gods, natural phenom- 
ena, &c. 

mythic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
myths. Also mythical. 

mythological (-o-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to mythology; mythical. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



1 



MYTHOLOGIST 



493 



MYXOMYCETES 



mythologist (-ol'o-jist), n. a student 
of, or one skilled in, mythology. 

mythology ('o-ji), n. [pi. mytholo- 
gies (-jiz)], the collected body or 
system of the traditions or legends 
of a people in which are embodied 
their beliefs concerning their origin, 



gods, heroes, &c; the science of 
myths; a treatise on myths. 
myxomycetes (miks-o-mi-se'tez), n. 
pi. organisms forming a net work of 
creamy filaments on decaying wood, 
leaves, &c. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




N 



N, the fourteenth letter, of the English 
alphabet. 

nabee (na-be'), n. a powerful poison 
prepared in the East Indies from 
the root of Aconitum ferox. 

nabob (na/bob), n. in India, a deputy 
or administrator under the Mogul 
Empire; one who has amassed 
wealth in India; a very wealthy 
man. 

nacarat (nak'a-rat), n. a pale red 
color; fine linen or crape dyed such 
color. 

nacelle (na-sel), n. the rod placed 
for protection of the sides of a 
dirigible balloon. 

nacre (na'ker), n. mother-of-pearl. 

nacreous ('kre-us), adj. having an 
iridescent luster; resembling moth- 
er-of-pearl. 

nacrite ('krit), n. a mineral with a 
pearly luster. 

nadir (na'der), n. that part of the 
heavens directly under our feet, or 
directly opposite to the zenith. 

naevose ('vos), adj. freckled. 

naevus (ne'vus)~?i. a birth-mark. 

naggy (nag'i), adj. disposed to nag. 

Naiad (na'yad), n. a water-nymph. 

naif (na-ef'), adj. noting an uncut 
jewel with a natural luster, as a 
naif gem. c 

nail (nal), n. the horny substance at 
the ends of the human fingers and 
toes; the claws of a bird or other 
animal; 234 inches; a pointed piece 
of metal usually furnished with a 
head for fastening woodwork, &c. 

nail-gun (nal'gun), n. a tubular ap- 
paratus for driving nails in floor- 
planks with the workmen in a stand- 
ing position. 



nainsook (nan'sook), n. a thick kind 
of muslin. 

naive (na-ev')* adj. artless; ingenu- 
ous ; unaffectedly simple. 

naivete (na-ev-ta/), n. natural, un- 
affected simplicity or ingenuousness. 

namaycush (nam'a-kush), n. the 
great American trout. 

namby-pamby (nam'bi-pam'bi), adj. 
weakly sentimental or affectedly 
pretty or fine. 

namely (li), adv. that is to say. 

namesake ('sak), n. one having the 
same name. 

nankeen (nan-ken'), n. a buff-col- 
ored cotton cloth, originally from 
China. 

nannocephaly (nan-o-sef'a-li), n. dis- 
proportionate smallness of the head. 

nap (nap), n. a short slumber; doze; 
a game at cards; the woolly sub- 
stance on the surface of cloth; pile; 
downy covering of plants; top of a 
hill: v.i. [p.t. &p.p. napped, p.pr. 
napping], to doze. 

nape (nap), n. the back of the neck. 

napery (nap'er-i), n. table-linen; 
linen underclothing. 

naphtha ('th&), n. a clear, volatile, 
inflammable, bituminous, liquid hy- 
drocarbon exuding from the earth, 
or distilled from coal-tar, &c; rock- 
oil. 

napkin (nap'kin), n. a small cloth, 
specifically one used at table for 
wiping the hands, &c. 

Napoleon (na-po'le-on), n. a gold 
coin formerly current in France, 
value 20 francs. 

nappy (nap'i), adj. covered with nap 
or pile; drowsy. 

Narcissus (-sis'us), n. a genus of 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(494) 



NARCISSUS 



495 



NATURAL 



I 



ornamental bulbous plants with 
handsome fragrant flowers, includ- 
ing the daffodils. 

narcissus, n. a plant of the genus 
Narcissus. 

narcomania (nar-ko-ma'ni-a), n. an 
acquired craving for narcotic drugs. 

narcosis (-ko'sis), n. stupefaction 
from the effects of a narcotic. 

narcotic (-kot'ik), adj. producing 
coma or torpor: n. a medicine to 
alleviate pain and produce sleep, and 
in excessive doses causing death. 

narcotism. Same as narcosis. 

nard (nard), n. spikenard; an aro- 
matic unguent prepared from it. 

nardine ('in), adj. pertaining to, or 
like, nard. 

narrate (nar-raf), v.t. to tell; recite; 
give an account of; write, as a story. 

narration (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
narrating; statement, written or 
verbal. 

narrative . ('ra-tiv), adj. pertaining 
to narration: n. recital of a story 
or event; tale. 

narrator (-ra'ter), n. one who nar- 
rates. 

narrow (nar'6), adj. of little breadth 
or extent; limited; straitened; con- 
tracted in mind; bigoted; .ungener- 
ous; within a little distance. 

narwhal (nar'hwal), n. a cetaceous 
mammal allied to the whale, with a 
large projecting tusk; the sea uni- 
corn. Also narwal, narwhale, narval. 

nasal (naz'al), adj. pertaining to, 
affected by, or pronounced through 
■ the nose: n. a letter pronounced 
through the nose. 

nascent (nas'ent), adj. beginning to 
grow or exist. 

nastily ('ti-li) , adv. in a nasty manner ; 
filthily; disagreeably. 

Nasturtium (-ter'shi-um), n. a genus 
of plants^ including the watercresses. 

nasturtium, n. a plant of the ger- 
anium family, having aromatic 
flower-buds. 

nasty ('ti), adj. [corny, nastier, su- 
perl. nastiest], dirty; nauseous; fil- 
thy; obscene; foul; serious. 



natal (na'tal), adj. pertaining to 
one's birth or birthday; indigenous. 

natant ('tant), adj. swimming; in 
heraldry, floating on the surface: 
said of fish. 

natation (-ta'shun), n. the act or 
art of swimming. 

natatorial (na-ta-to'ri-al)j adj. 

swimming, or adapted for swim- 
ming. Also natatory. 

nation (na'shun), n. the inhabitants 
of one country or united under the 
same government; people ethnolog- 
ically or linguistically allied. 

national (nash'un-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a nation; public; general; 
attached to one's country. 

nationalism (-al-izm), n. the^ state 
of being national; national idiom, 
characteristic, or independence. 

nationality _ ('i-ti), n. national char- 
acter; patriotism; nation. 

nationalize (-al-iz), v.t. to render 
national. 

native > (na'tiv), adj. pertaining to 
the time and place of birth; pro- 
duced by nature; not acquired; in- 
nate: n. one who is born in a cer- 
tain country or place; an oyster 
cultivated artificially. 

nativism (-izm), n. in philosophy, 
the doctrine of innate ideas; the ad- 
vocacy of the claim of natives, as 
opposed to that of naturalized 
citizens. 

nativity (-tiv'i-ti), n. time, place, 
and manner of birth; astrological 
representation of the position of the 
heavenly bodies at the time of one's 
birth. 

Nativity, n. the birth of Christ (with 
the). 

natterjack (nat'er-jak), n. the yel- 
low-backed rush toad, remarkable 
for its deep voice. 

nattily ('i-li), adv. tidily; neatly. 

natty ('i), adj. tidy; neat; smart. 

natural (nat'u-ral), adj. pertaining 
to, produced by, or in the course of, 
nature; inborn; not artificial; oc- 
curring in the ordinary course of 
things; treating of mind and matter; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awlj me ; merge, met* mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue J hut; think, then. 






NATURAL HISTORY 



496 



NAZARENE 



not revealed, as religion; true to 
life; unassumed; affectionate by 
nature; illegitimate; unconverted; 
according to the usual diatonic 
scale of C [music]: n. an idiot; a 
sign ( a ) used to correct the pre- 
vious power of a sharp or flat 
[music]. 

natural history (his'to-ri), n. the 
scientific description of the earth 
and its various productions, es- 
pecially the animal kingdom. 

naturalize (-Iz), v.t. to make natural; 
acclimate; invest (a foreigner) with 
the privileges of a natural-born 
citizen or subject. 

naturalism (-izm), n. mere state of 
nature; natural religion; the denial 
of supernatural interference with 
natural laws. 

naturalist < (-ist), n. one skilled in 
natural history; one who believes in 
naturalism. 

naturalistic (-is'tik), adj. realistic. 

naturalization (-i-za'shun), n. the 
act of investing a foreigner with 
the rights and privileges of a natural- 
born citizen. 

nature (na/cher or nfit'ur), n. the 
universe; essential qualities; species; 
natural order of things; constitu- 
tion; personal character or natural 
disposition ; natural affection ; nudity. 

nature-faker (na'tur-fak'er), n. a 
pseudo naturalist; a false authority 
on animal life and habits and other 
natural phenomena. 

naught (nawt), n. nothing: adj. 
worthless: adv. in no degree. 

naughtily ('i-li), adv. in a naughty 
manner. 

naughtiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being naughty; misbehavior. 

naughty ('i), adj. bad; perverse or 
mischievous. 

nausea ('shi-a), n. a strong sensation 
of sickness; sea-sickness; loathing 
or disgust. 

nauseate ('shi-at), v.t. to affect with 
nausea; loathe: v.i. to feel disgust; 
be inclined to vomit. 

nauseation (-a/shun), n. the act of 



nauseating; the state of being nau- 
seated. 

nauseous ('shus), adj. loathsome; 
abhorrent. 

nautch (nawch), n. in India, a dance 
performed by girls; daDcing exhibi- 
tion. 

nautical (naw'ti-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to ships, sailors, or navigation; 
maritime. Also nautic. 

nautilus ('ti-lus), n. [pi. nautili], 
any member of a genus of cephalo- 
pods, including those furnished with 
a chambered spinal univalve shell; 
a kind of diving-bell. 

naval (na'val), adj. pertaining to 
ships or a navy; consisting of snips; 
maritime. . 

naval ism (na/val-izm), n. exploiting 
the interests of the navy, or increas- 
ing # the naval strength. 

nave' (nav), n. the middle or body of 
a church, extending from the chan- 
cel to the principal entrance; the 
center of a wheel in which the 
spokes are inserted. 

navel ('el), n. the depression in the 
center of the lower part of the ab- 
domen, indicating where the umbili- 
cal cord was joined to the foetus. 

navigability (nav-i-ga-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality or state of being navigable. 

navigable ('i-ga-bl), adj. capable of 
being navigated. 

navigate ('i-gat), v.i. to pass on the 
water by a ship or vessel; sail: v.t. 
to pass over in a ship or boat; steer 
or manage in sailing. 

navigation (-ga'shun), n. the act of 
navigating; the science of navigating 



navigator ('i-ga-ter), n. one who 
navigates; one skilled in the science 
of navigation. 

navvy (nav'i), n. a laborer employed 
in constructing railways, canals, 
&c. 

navy »(na'vi), n. the ships of war 
belonging to a nation, or their offi- 
cers and men. 

Nazarene (naz-a-ren'), n. a native of 
Nazareth: applied to Jesus Christ, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




NAZARITE 



497 



NEEDS 



followers, and the early Chris- 
tians as a term of contempt; in the 
Early Church, one of a sect of 
Judaizing Jews. 
Nazarite ('a-rit), n. a Jew devoted 
by vow to God to a life of purity 
(Num. vi.). 

Psap (nep), adj. low: applied to the 
tides which occur in the beginning 
of the second and fourth quarters 
of the moon. 
neaped ('t), adj. left aground by the 

tide: said of a ship. 
Neapolitan (ne-a-pol'i-tan), adj. per- 
taining to Naples or its inhabitants. 
neat (net), n. cattle of the bovine 

* genus: adj. pertaining to bovine ani- 
mals; tidy; trim and clean; simple 
and elegant; chaste; unadulterated. 
neatsfoot ('z-foot), n. the foot of an 

ox or cow. 
neb (neb), n. a bird's beak; mouth; 

nose or snout. 
nebula ('ti-la), n. [pi. nebulae (-le) 1, 
a faint misty patch of light in the 
heavens produced by groups of stars 
too remote to be seen singly, or by 
masses of diffused gaseous matter; 
a slight white spot on the cornea. 
ibular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to 
nebulae. 

jbulium (ne-bu'li-um), n. name 
yven the substance, hitherto un- 
lown on the earth, that exists in 
the nebulae and causes bright green 
lines in the spectrum. 
jbulous ('u-lus), adj. pertaining to, 
>r resembling, a nebula; cloudy; 
lazy; perplexed. 

;essarily (nes-e-sa/ri-li), adv. by 
necessity. 

jcessary ('e-sa-ri), adj. that cannot 
be otherwise; essential; indispensa- 
ble: n. [pi. necessaries (-riz) ], 
things requisite. 

:essitate (ne-ses'i-tat), v.t. to make 
necessary; compel; render unavoid- 
able; constrain. 
necessitous ('i-tus), adj. very poor; 

destitute; needy. 
necessity ('i-ti), n. the state of being 
necessary; that which is unavoid- 



able; compulsion; extreme poverty: 
pi. things necessary for human life. 

necklace ('las), n. a string of beads 
or ornaments, as pearls, &c, worn 
round the neck. 

necrological (-ro-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to a register of deaths. 

necrology (-rol'o-ji), n. a register, 
or account, of the dead. 

necromancer ('ro-man-ser), n. one 
who practices necromancy; a con- 
jurer. 

necromancy (-si), n. the pretended 
art of predicting future events by 
communication with the dead. 

necropolis (-rop'o-lis), n. a cemetery. 

necrosis (-ro'sis), n. mortification and 
death of a bone; a disease in plants, 
characterized by small black spots. 

nectar (nek'tar), n. in classic my- 
thology, the wine of the gods; the 
honey of plants; any delicious bev- 
erage. 

nectarial (-ta'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to, containing, or like, nectar. 

nectar eous ('re-us), adj. producing 
or sweet like, nectar. 

nectarine ('ta-rin), n. a variety of 
peach. 

nectary ('ta-ri), n. that part of a 
flower which secretes a saccharine 
fluid. Nectarium. 

nee (na), adj. by birth: often placed 
before the maiden name of a mar- 
ried woman. 

needful ('fool), adj. necessary; 
needy. 

needle ^ ('1), n. a small sharp-pointed 
steel instrument furnished with an 
eye to hold thread; anything resem- 
bling a needle; the polarized steel of 
a mariner's compass. 

needle-gun (-gun), n. a breech- 
ioading gun, the cartridge of which 
is exploded by a needle. 

needle-valve (nedl-valv), n. a very 
fine valve, especially one having a 
conical or needle-like point operated 
by a fine screw. 

needs (nedz), adv. necessarily; in- 
dispensably. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



NEEDY 



498 



NEO-LAMARCKISM 



needy (ned'i), adj. very poor; neces- 
sitous. 

ne'er (nar), adv. contraction of never. 

nefarious (ne-far'i-us), adj. extremely 
wicked; vile; infamous. 

negation (ne-ga'shun), n. denial; 
absence of certain qualities. 

negative (neg'a-tiv), adj. implying 
negation; denying; refusing; having 
the power of veto ; noting a quantity 
to be subtracted: n. a proposition 
by which something is denied; a 
word expressing denial; right of 
veto; a photograph in which the 
lights and shades of the object are 
the opposite of those in nature: v.t. 
to prove the contrary of; dismiss 
or reject by vote. 

neglect (-lekt'), n. omission; habitual 
negligence; disregard; carelessness: 
v.t. to omit by carelessness or design; 
slight; disregard. 

neglectful ('fool), adj. indicating, 
or accustomed to, neglect; careless. 

negligee (-li-zha'), n. a loosely fitting 
dress or gown; easy and uncere- 
monious dress in general: adj. care- 
lessly arranged or attired. 

negligence ('li-jens), n. carelessness. 

negligent (')i-jent), adj. careless. 

negligible ('li-ji-bl), adj. that may 
be neglected; of little account or 
value. 

negotiate (ne-go'shi-at), v.i. to treat 
with others in business or private 
affairs; hold intercourse respecting 
a treaty, &c: v.t. to conclude by 
treaty, bargain, or agreement; sell. 

negotiability (-go-shi-&-biri-ti) , ft. 
the quality of being negotiable. 

negotiable ('shi-a-bl), adj. capable of 
being negotiated, transferred, or 
exchanged. 

negotiation (-a/shun), ft. the act of 
negotiating or transacting business; 
treaty. 

negotiator ('shi-a-ter), ft. one who 
negotiates. 

negotiatory (-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to negotiation. 

negrillo (ne-gril'o), n. a young negro. 

Negrito (-gre'to), ft. one of a diminu- 






tive negro-like race of the Mala 
Archipelago. 

negroid ('groid), adj. of the negro 
type. 

negrophobia (ne-gro-fo'bi-a), n. ex- 
treme fear of, or antipathy to, the 
negro. 

negus ('gus), ft. a beverage of hot 
water and wine, sweetened and 
spiced. 

Negus, n. the title of the ruler of 
Abyssinia. 

neigh (na), v.i. to utter the cry, or 
whinny, of a horse: n. the cry of a 
horse. 

neighbor (na'ber), n. one who dwells 
near to another; an intimate: adj. 
near to .another; adjacent: v.t. to 
adjoin: v.i. to be neighborly or 
friendly. 

neighborhood (-hood), ft. adjacent 
district; vicinity; the state of being 
neighbors. 

neighborly (-li), adj. like, or be- 
coming, a neighbor; social; civil; 
friendly: adv. in the manner of a 
neighbor. 

neighing ('ing), n. the cry of a horse. 

neither (ne' or m'ther), pron. & 
conj. not either. 

Nemaean (nem-e'an), adj. pertaining 
to Nemaea, or to the ancient games 
held by the Greeks at Nemsea. 

nematoid (nem-a-toid'), adj. thread- 
like. 

nemesis ('e-sis), n. retributive ven- 
geance: from Nemesis, the avenging 
deity of the Greeks. 

neo, a prefix meaning new, young, re- 
cent, as neoplastic, recently formed. 

neo-Darwinism (ne-o-dar'win-izm), 
n. a recent modification of the Dar- 
winian theory which gives added 
emphasis to the doctrine of the 
survival of the fittest in accounting 
for the origin of species. 

neogenesis (ne-6-jen!e-sis), n. a new 
genesis of production. 

neo-Lamarckism (ne'6-la-mar'kizm) 
n. a recent modification of the evo- 
lutionary theory of Lamarck, who 
laid great stress on the modification 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



NEOLITHIC 



499 



NETTLERASH 



of characters by use or disuse and 
the hereditary transmission of such 
modifications. 

Neolithic (-o-lith'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, the later or 
polished Stone Age. 

neologian. Same as neologist. 

neologism (-ol'o-jizm), n. a new 
word or phrase introduced into a 
language; new religious doctrines. 

neologist ('o-jist), n. an innovator 
in language or religion, especially 
one who holds doctrinal views op- 
posed to the orthodox interpretation 
of revealed religion. 

neology (-ol'o-ji), n. neologism; doc- 
trmes or rationalistic theological 
interpretation at variance with ortho- 
dox belief. 

neontology (-tol'o-ji), n. the scien- 
tific study of existing species. 

neophyte ('o-frt), n. a novice; one 
recently baptized; a convert: adj. 
recently entered. 

neoplasm ('o-plazm), n. tissue growth 
more or less distinct from that in 
which it occurs. 

neoplastic ( o-plas-tik), n. the restor- 
ation of tissue by granulation, or 
autoplasty. 

neo-Salvarsan (ne'-o-sal-var'san), n. 
a modified form of salvarsan, the 
specific for syphilis discovered by 
Ehrlich. 

neoteric (-o-ter'ik), adj. recent in 
origin. 

neotype (ne'o-tip), n. a specimen of 
animal or plant selected as the type 
of a species where the original type 
specimen is not available. 

neovitalism (ne-o-vi'tal-izm), n. the 
doctrine that the activities of living 
beings are not governed by purely 
mechanical laws. 

nep (nep), n. catmint. 
nepenthe (ne-pen'the), n. a drug sup- 
posed by the ancient Greeks to have 
the power of causing forgetfulness 
of sorrow. 
nephew (nev'u), n. the son of a 
brother or sister. 



nephritis (ne-fri'tis), n. inflamma- 
tion of the kidneys. 

nepotism (nep'o-tizm), n. a prefer- 
ence shown in bestowing patronage 
to one's relatives in the church or 
public service. 

Neptunian (nep-tun'i-an), adj. per- 
taining to the classic deity Neptune, 
or to the sea; deposited by the 
agency of the sea. 

Nereid (ne're-id), n. a sea nymph. 

Nernst lamp (nernst lamp), n. an 
incandescent electric lamp with 
metal filaments, invented by Prof. 
W. Nernst. 

neroli (ner'o-le), n. the essential oil 
of orange flowers. 

nervation (-va/shun), n. arrange- 
ment of nerves. 

nerve (nerv), n. one of the grey fibres 
which convey sensation from all 
parts of the body to the brain and 
originate motion; tendon; sinew; 
strength; manliness; _ the strong 
vein of a leaf: v.t. to invigorate or 
strengthen. 

nervine (ner'vin), n. a tonic for the 
nerves. 

nervous ('vus), adj. pertaining to, 
or composed of, nerves; having weak 
nerves; easily agitated; vigorous in 
style. 

nestle (nes'l), v.i. to lie close 
and snug; take shelter: v.t. to 
cherish.. 

nestling ('ling), n. a young bird in 
the nest or just taken from it: adj. 
recently hatched. 

net (net), n. an instrument of twine 
knotted into meshes for catching 
birds, fish, &c. ; anything resembling 
or made like a net; a snare: adj. 
clear of all charges or deductions: 
opposed to gross. 

nether (nef/i'er), adj. lying beneath; 
lower; belonging to the regions below. 

nettle (net'l), n. a stinging plant of 
the genus Urtica: v.t. to provoke or 
irritate. 

nettlerash (-rash), n. a cutaneous 
eruption resembling the effects of a 
nettle sting. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon,, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



NEURAL 



500 



NICHE 



neural (nu'r&l), adj. pertaining to 
the nerves. 

neuralgia (-ral'ji-a), n. acute pain 
in a nerve. 

neurasthenia (-ras-the'ni-a), n. 
brain and nerve exhaustion, as from 
influenza, &c. 

neuration (-ra/shun), n. the vena- 
tion of the wings of an insect; 
nerve distribution. 

neurilemma (-ri-lem'a), n. the 
fibrous sheath of a nerve. 

neurine ('rin), n. nerve matter. 
Also neurin. 

neuritis (-ri'tis), n. inflammation of 
a nerve. 

neuro, a prefix meaning nerve, as 
neurography, a treatise on th6 
nerves. 

neuroderm (nu'ro-derm), n. the 
embryonic membrane that gives 
rise to the nervous system. 

neuroglia (-rog'li-a), n. the delicate 
connective tissue between the nerve- 
fibers of the brain and spinal cord. 

neurology (-rol'o-ji), n. a scientific 
description of the nerves. 

neuroma (-ro'ma), n. a fibrous tu- 
mor occurring in a nerve trunk. 

neuropathic (-path'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or .suffering from, nervous 
disease; affecting the nerves. 

neurosis (-ro'sis), n. nervous dis- 



neurotic (-rot'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
seated in, or affecting, the nerves; 
characterized by a morbid hysteri- 
cal style: n. a nerve tonic. 

neurotomy ('o-mi), n. dissection of 
the nerves. 

neuter ('ter), adj. of neither sex; in- 
transitive: n. a flower "having nei- 
ther pistil nor stamens; a sterile 
sexless insect, especially the work- 
ing bee. 

neutral ftral), adj. unbiased; in- 
different; taking no part on either 
side in a contest; neither very good 
nor very bad; neither acid nor al- 
kaline: said of chemical salts. 

neutrality ('i-ti), n. the state of 
being neutral. 



neutralize ('tral-iz), v.i. to make 
neutral; render inactive. 

neutral tint (tint), n. a dull grey. 

neve (na-va/), n. the granular com- 
pressed snow which forms glacier ice. 

newel ('el), n. in a winding stair- 
case, the central upright pillar 
around which the steps turn. 

new-fangled (-fang'gld), adj. new- 
fashioned. 

Newfoundland (-found'land), n. a 
large variety of dog, originally from 
Newfoundland. 

new style (stil), n» the Gregorian or 
present style of computing the cal- 
endar: opposed to the former or 
Julian method. 

newt (nut), n.. an eft; salamander. 

new thought (nu-thot), n. advanced 
views or progressiveness in all de- 
partments of human knowledge, in 
contradistinction to effete ideals 
and retroaction. 

Newtonian (nu-to'ni-an), adj. per- 
taining to, discovered by, or invented 
by, Sir Isaac Newton, the philoso- 
pher, or to his system. 

nexus (neks'us), n. a connection or 
tie. 

nib (nib), n. a bird's beak; the point 
of anything, especially a pen. 

nibbed ('d), adj. furnished with a 
nib. 

nibble ('1), v.t. & v.i. to bite by little 
at a time; continue to bite at gently 
and quickly, as a fish: n. a small 
bite; a seizing to bite. 

niblick (nib'lik), n. a heavy iron 
round-headed golf club. 

nicolite (nik'o-llt), n. arsenical nickel 
ore. 

nice (nis), adj. fastidious; precise; 
squeamish; minutely discriminative; 
delicate; refined; socially agreeable; 
pleasing to the palate; scrupulously 
exact. 

nicety ('e-ti), n. delicate manage- 
ment; fastidious delicacy; precision; 
minute accuracy: pi. table delica- 
cies. 

niche (nich), n. a recess in a wall 
for a statue. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




NICK 



501 



NITRIFIER 



Nick (nik), n. an evil water spirit; 
the Devil (with old). 

nick (nik), n. exact or critical point 
of time} winning throw at dice: v.t. 
to cut in nicks or notches; touch at 
the lucky moment; cheat; steal. 

nickel ('el), n. a greyish- white duc- 
tile metal; a five-cent coin, made of 
nickel and copper alloy. 

nickel-green (-gren), n. the apple- 
green colored arseniate of nickel. 

nickelodeon . (nik-el-od'e-on), n. a 
biograph or moving picture place 
where admission is five cents. 

nickel-silver (-sil'ver), n. an alloy 
of nickel, copper, and zinc. 

nicotine ('i-tin), n. an acrid, poi- 
sonous alkaloid extracted from to- 
bacco. Alsonicotin. 

nidge (nij), v.t. to dress (stones) with 
a pick. 

nidification (nid-i-fi-ka/shun), n. the 
act of building a nest, rearing young, 
&c. 

nidus (nl'dus), n. a nest or hatching 
place. 

niece (nes), n. the daughter of a 
brother or sister. 

niello (ni-el'o), n. a kind of orna- 
mental engraving on brass, &c. 

niggard (nig'ard), adj. meanly cov- 
etous; parsimonious; miserly. Also 
niggardly: n. one who is meanly 
covetous; a miser. 

nightingale ('in-gal), n. a small 
bird which sings with a sweet note 
at night; philomel. 

nightmare ('mar), n. a, dreadful 
dream accompanied with oppres- 
sion on the chest and a feeling of 
helplessness; an incubus. 

night-stick (nit'stik), n. a club, usu- 
ally of extra length, carried by a po- 
liceman at night. 

Nihilism (nl'hil-izm), n. scepticism 
which denies that anything, even ex- 
istence, can be known; an extreme 
socialist movement in Russia to 
destroy existing institutions and 
found a new order of things, with 
communistic rights of land and 
property. 



nihilist (-ist), n. a supporter of ni- 
hilism. 

nihilistic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
nihilism. 

nil (nil), n. nothing [Latin] . # 

nimble (nim'bl), adj. quick and ac- 
tive ; alert ; lively ; brisk . 

nimbus (nim'bus), n. in art, the 
halo or cloud of light surrounding 
the heads of divinities, saints, and 
sovereigns; a rain-cloud. 

ninepins ('pinz), n.pl. a game in 
which nine pins or pegs of wood are 
set up to be bowled at with wooden 
bowls or balls. 

ninetieth ('t^eth), adj. next after 
89th: n. a ninetieth part. 

ninny (nin'i), n. a simpleton. 

ninth (nin'th), adj. the ordinal of 9: 
n. one of 9 equal parts. 

nip (nip), n. a pinch, as with the 
nails or teeth; a blast as by cold; 
a small drink of spirits. 

nipper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, nips; one of the four fore- 
teeth of a horse; a small boy: pi. 
small pincers. 

nippingly ('ing-li), adv. keenly. 

nipple (nip'l), n. that part of the 
breast of a woman from which milk 
is drawn by a child; a teat. 

Nirvana (ner-va'na), n. in Bud- 
dhism, the highest religious state, 
when all desire of existence and 
worldly good is extinguished, and 
the soul is absorbed into the Deity. 

nit (nit), n. the egg of any small in- 
sect. 

niter, nitre (ni'ter), n. nitrate of 
potash or saltpeter. 

nitrate of silver (sil'ver), n. silver 
dissolved in nitric acid. 

nitre. See niter. 

nitric acid (as 'id), n. a powerful 
acid, used in chemistry, the arts, 
and medicine, composed of nitro- 
gen and oxygen, obtained by the ac- 
tion of sulphuric acid upon nitrate 
of potash; aquafortis. 

nitriner (ni'tri-fi-er), n. anything 
which tends to bring the nitrogen 
of the air into combination; in par- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



NITRITE 



502 



NOMADIC 



ticular, certain types of bacteria 
that colonize on the roots of legum- 
inous plants, enabling the plants 
to take nitrogen from the air in the 
soil. 

nitrite ('trit), n. a salt of nitrous 
acid. 

nitro, a prefix meaning containing 
nitrogen, as m£ro-hydrochloric acid 
or aqua regia. 

nitro-glycerine (-glis'er-in), n. a 
highly explosive, oily liquid, pre- 
pared by the action of nitric and 
sulphuric acids upon glycerine. Also 
nitro-glycerin, nitroleum. 

nitrogen (ni'tro-jen), n. a gas which, 
with argon, constitutes 4-5ths by 
volume of the atmosphere, and con- 
stitutes the b^sis of nitric acid. 

nitrogen-fixing (ni'tro-jen-fik'sing), 
o. said of certain microbes that grow 
on the roots of leguminous plants, 
and make atmospheric nitrogen 
available. 

nitrous ('trus), adj. resembling, ob- 
tained from or impregnated with, 
niter. 

nitrous oxide (oks'Id), n. a com- 
pound of one volume of oxygen and 
two voulmes of nitrogen; laughing- 
gas. 

nitrosulphuric (m'tro-sul-fu'rik), adj. 
consisting of sulphuric, acid and 
an oxide of nitrogen. 

niveous (niv'e-us), adj. snow-like. 

nix (niks), n. in Teutonic mythology, 
a water-sprite; a kelpie [Scotch]. 

nob (nob), n. a knob; the head; a 
fop. 

nobby ('i), adj. capital; spruce; 
stylish. 

Nobel prize (no-bel'priz), n. one of 
the annual prizes, amounting to 
nearly $40,000.00, given by the 
Nobel Foundation for distinction in 
various departments of science, in 
literature, or in the promotion of 
peace. Nobel was a Swede, and 
the inventor of dynamite and 
smokeless powder. 

nobility (no-bil'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being noble; noble birth; 



grandeur; dignity; nobles collec- 
tively. N 

noble (no'bl), adj. high in excellence 
or worth; illustrious; magnani- 
mous; generous; exalted in rank; 
of ancient lineage: n. peer or noble- 
man. 

nobleman (-man), n. a peer. Fern. 
noblewoman. 

nobly ('bli), adv. in a noble manner; 
of noble rank. 

nocent ('sent), adj. harmful. 

nocturnal (nok-ter'nal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, done, or happening at, night. 

nocturne ('tern), n. a picture of a 
night scene; a musical composition 
appropriate to the night; a lullaby. 

nodal (no'dal), adj. pertaining to 
nodes. 

nodated ('da-ted), adj. knotted. 

nodder (nod'er), n. one who nods; a 
drowsy person. 

noddle ('1), n. the head. 

noddy ('i), n. a simpleton; a sea-fowl. 

node (nod), n. a knot; knob; one of 
the two points at which the orbit of 
a planet intersects the ecliptic; the 
points of the stem of a plant from 
which a leaf springs; the plot of a 
poem or play ; a tumor of the perios- 
teum, the bones, or tendons. 

nodose (no'dos), adj. having knots or 
nodes. 

nodular (nod'u-ler), adj. pertaining 
to, or like, a nodule. 

nodule Cul), n. a little knot or ir- 
regular rounded lump. 

noggin (nog'in), n. a small cup or 
mug; a liquid measure = 1 gill. 

nogging ('ing), n. a partition formed 
of timber scantlings filled up with 
bricks. 

noisily ('i-li), adv. with noise. 

noisome (noi'sum), adj. injurious to 
health; noxious; disgusting. 

noisy (noiz'i), adj. full of noise; tur- 
bulent. 

nomad (nom'ad), n. one of a tribe 
that wanders about in search of 
game, pasture, &c. : adj. nomadic. 

nomadic (no-mad'ik), adj. wander- 
ing; pastoral. 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




NOMENCLATURE 



503 



NORMAN 



nclature (no'men-kla-tur), n. 
the words, terms, or language used 
in any art or science. 
nomial ('mi-al), n. in algebra, a sin- 

tgle term. 
>minal (nom'i-nal), adj. pertaining 
to, or containing, names; exist- 
ing only in name. 
>minate ('i-nat), v.t. to propose for 
an office; appoint. 

nomination (-na'shun), n. the act 
of nominating; the state of being 
nominated. 

nominative ('i-na-tiv), adj. noting 
in grammar the case of the subject: 
n. the case of the subject. 

nominator ('i-na-ter), n. one who 
nominates. 

nominee (-i-ne'), n. one who is pro- 
posed for an office. 

non, prefix meaning not. 

nonage (non'aj), n. minority. 

nonagenarian (-a-jen-a'ri-an), n. a 
person 90 years old. 

nonagesimal (-jes'i-mal), adj. per- 
taining to 90, or to a nonagesimal: 
n. that point of the ecliptic which is 
highest above the horizon. 
nagon ('a-gon), n. a plane figure 
with 9 sides and 9 angles. 
mchalance _ (nong-sha-langs'), n. 
coolness; indifference [French]. 
nchalant (-lang'), adj. cool; in- 
different. 

sndescript (non'de-skript), n. a 
person or thing that cannot be easily 
described or classed: adj. abnor- 
mal; novel; odd. 

nentity (non-en'ti-ti), n. [pi. non- 
entities (-tiz)j, a thing not exist- 
ing; a person of no importance or 
influence. 

Mies (nonz), n.pl. in the ancient 
Roman calendar the ninth day be- 
fore ides, reckoned inclusively; in 
the Roman Catholic Breviary, the 
devotional office for the ninth hour 
or 3 p.m. 

nonillion (non-il'yun), n. in the 
English system of numeration, the 
number denoted by 1 followed by 54 
ciphers; in the French system, in 



use in this country, the number de- 
noted by 1 followed by 30 ciphers. 

nonpareil (-pa-rel'), adj. without an 
equal: n. unequaled excellence; a 
kind of printing-type (see type); a 
variety of apple. 

nonplus ('plus), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. non- 
plussed, p.pr. nonplussing], to throw 
into complete perplexity; puzzle: n. 
an insuperable difficulty; puzzle. _ 

nonsense ('sens), n. language with- 
out meaning; anything absurd: in- 
ter j. absurd! 

nonsensical ('i-kal), adj. absurd; un- 
meaning. 

non sequitur (sek'wi-ter), n. in logic, 
a conclusion or inference which does 
not follow from the premises. 

nonsuit ('sut), n. the withdrawal of 
a suit during trial either voluntarily 
or by judgment of the court on the 
discovery of error or defect in the 
pleadings: v.t. to subject to a non- 
suit. 

non-valent (non-va'lent), o. without 
chemical affinity or valency. 

noodle (nood'l), n. a simpleton; a 
strip of dried dough, served in soup 
or as a baked dish. 

nook (nook), n. a small recess or se- 
cluded retreat; a corner. 

noon (noon), n. the middle of the 
day, 12 o'clock; height: adj. per- 
taining to noon. 

noonday ('da), adj. pertaining to 
noon, or midday: n. noon. Also 
noontide . 

noose (noos), n. a running knot which 
binds the closer the more tightly 
it is drawn: v.t. to catch or tie in a 
noose; ensnare. 

normal ('mal), adj. according to rule; 
regular; perpendicular. 

normal school (skool), n. a school 
for the training of teachers for ele- 
mentary schools. 

Norman ('man), adj. pertaining to 
the Normans, Normandy, or to a 
style of architecture introduced into 
England by the Normans, character- 
ized by the rounded arch and mas- 
sive square towers. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



NORSE 



504 



NOURISH 



Norse (n6rs) ; adj. pertaining to an- 
cient Scandinavia, its language, and 
its people. 

north (n6rth), n. one of the four 
cardinal points; the point opposite 
to the south: adj. pertaining to, sit- 
uated in, or coming from, the north: 
adv. to the north. 

norther (n6r'*Aer), n. a strong gale 
which prevails in the Gulf of Mexico 
from September to March. 

northern ('them), adj. in, from, or 
toward, the north. Also northerly. 

northern lights (lits), n.pl. the 
Aurora Borealis. 

northing (n6rth'ing), n. distance 
northward. 

Norwegian (n6r-we'jian), adj. per- 
taining to Norway, its language, or 
inhabitants. 

nosegay ('ga), n. a bouquet. 

nosology (-sol'o-ji), n. the systemat- 
ic classification of the diseases of 
animals and plants. < 

nostalgia (nos-tal'ji-a), n. home- 
sickness. 

nostril ('tril), n. one of the two 
openings in the nose. 

nostrum ('trum), n. a quack medi- 
cine. 

notabilia (no-ta-bil'i-a), n.pl. things 
worthy of note. 

notability (-t&-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. nota- 
bilities (-tiz)], a person of note; 
the quality of being notable. 

notable (no'ta-bl), adj. worthy of 
notice; memorable; notorious; re- 
markable; industrious; thrifty: n. 
a person or thing of distinction. 

notarial (no-ta'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or done by, a notary. 

notary ('ta-ri), n. [pi. notaries (-riz) ], 
an official authorized to attest 
deeds, protest bills of exchange, 
&c. 

notation (-ta/shun), n. the act or 
practice of recording by marks or 
symbols; a system of signs or sym- 
bols. 

notch (noch), n. a small hollow cut; 
indentation: v.t. to cut into small 
hollows. 



note (not), n. a memorandum; repu- 
tation; brief explanation; short let- 
ter; a diplomatic communication; a 
mark or sign representing a sound; 
the sound itself [music]; a paper 
acknowledging a debt and promis- 
ing payment: pi. a summary of a 
speech: v.t. to make a note of; 
mark; show respect or attention to. 

noted ('ed), p. adj. well-known; cele- 
brated; remarkable. 

notice (no'tis), n. mental or visual 
observation; attention; remark; ad- 
vice; information; warning; pub- 
lic intimation; press criticism: v.t. 
to see or observe; regard; attend to; 
make remarks upon. 

noticeable (-a-bl), adj. worthy of 
observation; remarkable. 

notification (-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of giving notice; notice given; 
document by which information is 
communicated. 

notify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. notified, 
p.pr. notifying], to give notice to; 
make known. 

notion ('shun), n. an idea of concep- 
tion; opinion; belief; inclination; 
a clever contrivance. 

notional (-al), adj. pertaining to 
or conveying, a notion; ideal; im- 
aginary. 

notoriety (-to-ri'i-ti), n. the state of 
being notorious. Also notorious- 
ness. 

notorious (-to'ri-us), adj. publicly 
known; usually in a bad sense. 

notornis (-tor'nis), n. the gigantic 
short-winged coot of New Zealand. 

Notus (no'tus), n. the south wind. 

nougat (noo-ga'), n. a confection of 
almonds, pistachio nuts, sugar, and 
paste. 

nought. Same as naught. 

noumenon (no-oo'me-non), n. [pi. 
noumena (-na) ], essence; the sub- 
stance or reality existing under the 
phenomenal. 

nourish (nur'ish), v.t. to feed or bring 
up; support; maintain; educate: v.i. 
to promote growth. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



i 







NOURISHMENT 



505 



NUMISMATIC 



nourishment (-ment), n. that which 
nourishes. 

nous (nous), n. intellect; clever com- 
mon-sense. 

novel (nov'el), adj. of recent origin 
or introduction; new; strange or 
unusual: n. a fictitious tale or ro- 
mance. 

novelette (-ef), n. a short novel. 

novelist ('el-ist), n. a writer of 
novels. m 

novelty ('el-ti), n. newness; some- 
thing new. 

novice ('is), n. a beginner; in the 
Roman Catholic Church, one who 
has entered a religious house but 
has not yet taken the vow. 

novitiate (no-vish'i-at), n. the state 
of a novice; time of probation as a 
novice; a house or retreat for 
novices. 

nowel ('el), n. the inner part of a 
large loam foundry mold. 

nowise (no'wiz), adv. not in any 
manner or degree. 

noxious (nok'shus), adj. harmful; 
pernicious ; deadly . 

nozzle (nozl), n. a projecting mouth- 
piece. 

N-rays (n'-raz), n. rays to which the 
olfactory nerves are sensitive, pro- 
duced by electric waves similar to 
those of light. 

nubbin (nub 'in), n. a small or im- 
perfect ear of maize. 

nubilous (nu'bi-lus), adj. cloudy. 

nuclear ('kle-ar), adj. pertaining to, 
or connected with, a nucleus. 

nucleate ('kle-at), adj. having a nu- 
cleus. 

nucleolus ('6-lus), n. a minute body 
inside a nucleus. 

nucleus ('kle-us), n. the central mass 
around which matter accretes or 
grows; the head of a comet. 

nuculiform (nu'ku-li-form), adj. simi- 
lar in shape to the mollusk called 
nucula. 

nudation (-da 'shun), n. a making 
bare. 

nude (nud), adj. bare; naked; in 
law, made without consideration; 



void; in art, the undraped body 
(with the). 

nudge (nuj), v.t. to touch gently, as 
with the elbow: n. a gentle touch, as 
with the elbow. 

nudity (nu'di-ti), n. nakedness: pi. 
naked partis. 

nugatory ('ga-to-ri), adj. trifling; 
useless. 

nugget (nug'et), n. a lump or mass 
of metal, especially of gold in aurif- 
erous soil. 

nuisance (nu'sans), n. anything of- 
fensive, injurious, vexatious, or an- 
noying. 

null (mil), adj. of no legal force; void. 

nullification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of nullifying. 

nullify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. nullified, 
p.pr. nullifying], to annul or render 
void. 

nullity ('i-ti), n. want of existence, 
force, or validity. 

numb (num), adj. deprived of sensa-- 
tion or motion; torpid: v.t. to be- 
numb. 

number ('ber), n. a unit; one, or 
more than one; multitude; one of a 
series; a collection of things; sounds 
distributed into harmonies; poetry; 
meter, or verse (usually pt): v.t. 
to count; mark with a number. 

numeral (nQ'mer-al), adj. pertaining 
to, consisting of, or denoting, num- 
ber: n. a symbol or word expressing 
a number. 

numerate (-at), v.t. to reckon or 
enumerate; point or read, as figures. 

numeration (-a'shun), n. the act or 
art of numbering, or of reading and 
writing numbers. 

numerator ('mer-a-ter), n. one who 
numbers; the figure or figures above 
the fine in fractions which indi- 
cate how many parts of a unit are 
taken. 

numerous ('mer-us), adj. consisting 
of a great number. 

numismatic (-mis-mat 'ik), adj. per- 
taining to coins or medals: n.pl. the 
science and study of coins and med- 
als. Also numismatology. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
* book; hue, hut; think, then. 



NUMISMATIST 



506 



NYMPHOMANIA 



numismatist ('ma-tist), n. one 
skilled in numismatics. Also numis- 
matologist. 

numskull ('skul), n. a blockhead. 

nun (nun), n. a female devoted to a 
religious life and seclusion under a 
vow of chastity; a variety of pig- 
eon; the blue titmouse. 

nuncio ('shi-o), n. a papal ambassa- 
dor. 

nuncupative (nung'ku-pa-tiv), adj. 
verbal ; nominal. ^ Also nuncupatory. 

nunnery (nun'er-i), n. [pi. nunneries 
(-iz) ], a religious house for nuns. 

nuptial (nup'shal), adj. pertaining 
to, or constituting, marriage: n.pl. 
a marriage; marriage ceremony. 

nurse (ners), n. a woman who has 
the care of infants, or of the child 
of another person; one who tends 
the sick or infirm; one who, or that 
which, protects or fosters: v.t. to tend 
or suckle, as an infant; bring up; tend 
in sickness; promote; economize. 

nursery ('er-i), n. [pi. nurseries 
(-iz) ], an apartment for young chil- 
dren; a place or garden for rearing 
young plants; a race for two-year- 
old horses. 

nursling ('ling), n. an infant. 

nurture (ner'tur), n. that which 
nourishes; diet; food; education: 
v.t. to bring up; educate; nourish. 

nutant (nti'tant), adj. having the top 
bent downward. 

nutation (-ta'shun), n. the periodic- 
al vibratory movement of the axis 
of the earth. 



nutmeg (nut'meg), n. the aromatic 
kernel of the fruit of an East In- 
dian tree. 

nutria (nu-tri-a), n. the commercial 
name for the fur or skin of the 
coypou. 

nutrient ('tri-ent), adj. promoting 
growth. 

nutriment ('tri-ment), n. nourish- 
ment. 

nutrition (-trish'un), n. that which 
nourishes; food; the action of pri- 
moting growth or repairing waste on 
organic bodies. 

nutritious ('us), adj. affording nu- 
trition. 

nutritive ('tri-tiv), adj. pertaining to, 
or having the quality of, nutrition. 

nutty (nut'i), adj. abounding in, or 
tasting like, nuts. 

nux vomica (nuks vom'i-ka), n. the 
fruit of an East Indian plant 
(Strychnos Nux vomica) which yields 
the deadly poison strychnine. 

nuzzle ('1), v.t. to root up with the 
nose, as swine: v.i. to nestle. 

nye (ni), n. a brood of pheasants. 

nymph (nimf), n. in classic myth- 
ology, a goddess of nature inhabit- 
ing the mountains, woods, streams, 
&c; a light, handsome, graceful 
young woman. 

nympha (nim'flt), n. the pupa or 
chrysalis of an insect. 

nymphomania (-fo-ma'ni-a), n. erot- 
ic insanity in females. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boo^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



o 



O, the fifteenth letter of the English 
alphabet. 

oaf (of), n. a changeling; dolt. 

oafish ('ish), adj. simple; silly; dolt- 
ish. 

oak (ok), n. a tree of many species, 
especially the common oak (Quercus 
robur), valued for its timber. 

oak-apple ('ap-1), n. a spongy ex- 
crescence growing on the leaves or 
young branches of the oak. 

oakum ('urn), n. old ropes untwisted 
and pulled into loose hemp. 

oar (or), n. a light pole with a broad 
blade, for rowing a boat: v.t. & v.i. 
to row. 

oasis (5-a'sis), n. [pi. oases ('sez) ], a 
fertile spot in a barren sandy desert. 

oast (ost), n. a kiln for drying hops 
or barley. 

oat (ot), n. a grassy plant of the 
genus Avena, the grain of which is 
used as food [usually in pi.]. 

oaten ('en), adj. made of oats. 

oath (oth), n. a solemn declaration 
of truth-telling with an appeal to 
God as witness. 

ob, a prefix meaning before, against, 
toward, in front of, reversed. 

obbligato (ob4i-ga'to), n. an indis- 
pensable instrumental part or ac- 
companiment written especially Jor 
the instrument named [music]. 

obduracy ('du-ra-si), n. obdurate 
conduct or quality. 

obdurate ('dfi-rat), adj. hardened in 
heart or feelings, especially against 
moral influence. 

obdurateness (-nes), n. the quality 
or state of being obdurate. 

obedience (o-be'di-ens), n. submis- 
sion to authority; dutifulness. 



obedient ('di-ent), adj. submissive 
to authority; dutiful. 

obeisance (-ba'sans), n. a bow or 
curtsey; act of reverence. 

obelisk (ob'e-lisk), n. a lofty, four- 
sided stone pillar gradually tapering 
as it rises, and terminating, in a 
pyramidal top; a reference mark 

(t). 

obelus ('e-lus), n. a mark ( — or -=- 
or f ) used in old MSS. to indicate a 
doubtful or spurious reading; in 
modern writing, a break ( ■ — ). 

obese (o-bes'), adj. corpulent. 

obesity (-bes'i-ti), n. excessive corpu- 
lence, especially of an unhealthy 
kind. Also obeseness. 

obey (-ba')^ v.t. [p.t. & p.p. obeyed, 
p.pr. obeying], to submit to the rule 
or authority of; comply with the 
orders or instructions of: v.i. to 
yield; do as bidden. 

obfuscate (ob-fus'kat), v.t. to be- 
wilder. 

obi (o'bi), n. among the West Indian 
natives and negroes of Africa a sys- 
tem of secret sorcery or magical 
rites; a charm; a kind of sash worn 
by Japanese women. 

obituary (o-bit'fi-a-ri), n. [pi. obit- 
uaries (-riz) ], a register of deaths; 
an account of a deceased person: 
adj. pertaining to, or recording, 
deaths. 

object (ob-jekf), v.t. to urge against; 
oppose: v.i. to make objections: n. 
(ob'jekt), anything placed before 
the mind or senses ; motive ; end ; aim. 

object-glass ('ject-glas), n. the lens 
of a microscope or telescope nearest 
to the object to be observed and 
forming the image. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(507) 



OBJECTION 



508 



OBSERVABLE 



objection (-jek'shun), n. the act of 
objecting; adverse reason; diffi- 
culty raised. 

objective ('tiv), adj. pertaining to, 
an object; external to the mind; in 
grammar, noting the case which fo- 
lows a transitive verb or a preposi- 
tion and is governed by it: n. the 
accusative case; an objective point. 

objectivism ('tiv-izm), n. the philo- 
sophical doctrine that the knowledge 
of the non-ego is anterior to that of 
the ego; in art and literature, the 
representation of persons and in- 
cidents as they really appear. 

objectivity ('i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being objective. Also ob- 
jectiveness. 

objurgate (-jer'gat), v.t. to chide or 
reprove. 

objurgation (-ga/shun), n. reproof. 

objurgatory ('ga-to-ri), adj. con- 
taining reproof or censure. 

oblate (-laf), adj. depressed or flat- 
tened at the poles; orange-shaped; 
in the Roman Catholic Church, not- 
ing a secular priest who has devoted 
himself and his property to the mon- 
astery he has entered. 

oblation (-la/shun), n. an offering or 
sacrifice; anything presented in re- 
ligious worship. 

obligation (-li-ga/shun), n. the bind- 
ing power of a vow, promise, or 
contract ; the state of being indebted 
for a favor; in law, a bond to which 
a penalty is annexed on failure 
of due performance. 

obligatory (ob'li-ga-to-ri), adj. mor- 
ally or legally binding. 

oblige (o-blij'), v.t. to constrain by 
force, morally, legally, or physically ; 
bind by some favor or kindness 
rendered; render a favor to; gratify. 

obligee (ob-li-je'), n. one to whom a 
bond is given. 

obligor (ob'li-gor), n. one who is 
bound by a bond. 

oblique (-lek'), adj. deviating from 
a right line; not parallel; not di- 
rect or straightforward. 



oblique angle (ang'gl), n. an angle 
greater or less than a right angle. 

oblique case (kas), n. in grammar 
any case except the nominative. 

obliqueness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being oblique: slanting 
direction; moral error. Also obliq- 
uity. 

obliterate (-lit'er-at), v.t. to efface 
or wear out; destroy by the effects 
of time or other means. 

obliteration (-a/shun), n. the act of 
obliterating; effacement. 

oblivion (-liv'i-un), n. the state of 
being blotted out from memory; for- 
getfulness. 

oblivious ('i-us), adj. forgetful. 

oblong ('16ng), adj. longer than 
broad: n. sl geometrical figure of 
such shape. 

obloquy ('lo-kwi), n. reproachful 
language; calumny; slander; re- 
proach. 

obnoxious (-nok'shus), adj. deserv- 
ing of censure or disapproval; hate- 
ful; offensive; unpopular. 

oboe (o'bo-e), n. a musical wind in- 
strument of the reed class; hautboy; 
an organ stop. 

obolus (ob'o-lus), n. an ancient 
Greek coin, value 1}4 farthings; an 
Attic weight = l-6th of a drachma. 

obovate (-6'vat), adj. inversely ovate. 

obscene (-sen'), adj. offensive to 
chastity; impure in language or ac- 
tion; indecent; filthy. 

obsceneness ('nes), n. impurity in 
language or action; indecency. Also 
obscenity. 

obscure (-skur'), adj. without light 
or distinctness; dark; not easily 
understood; illegible; secluded; hum- 
ble: v.t. to darken or dim^ dis- 
guise; render less visible or intel- 
ligible; tarnish; make mean. 

obsecrate ('se-krat), v.t. to implore. 

obsecration (-kra'shun), n. entreaty. 

obsequies ('se-kwiz), n.pl. funeral 
rites. 

obsequious (-se'kwi-us), adj. servile; 
compliant to excess. 

observable (-zer'va-bl), adj. capable 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




OBSERVANCE 



509 



OCCIPITAL 



ol 



of being observed; worthy of- observa- 
tion; remarkable. 

observance (Vans), n. the act of ob- 
serving; performance of rites; rule 
of practice. 

observant ('vant), adj. taking notice; 
attentive; mindful. 

observation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
observing; attention; that which is 
observed; remark; note. 

observational ('shun-al), adj. consis- 
ting of, or containing, observations. 

observatory ('va-to-ri), n. [pi. ob- 
servatories (-riz)], a building fitted 
up for astronomical research. 

observe (-zerv'), v.t. to keep in view; 
take notice of; celebrate; practice 
ceremonially; mention: v.i. to make 
observations. 

obsession (ob-sesh'un), n. the state 
of being possessed by one idea to the 
exclusion of others. 

obsidian (-sid'i-an), n. volcanic larva 
of glassy appearance. 

obsolescence (-so-les'ens), n. the 
state of becoming obsolete. 

obsolescent Cent), adj. becoming ob- 
solete. 

obsolete ('so-let); adj. gone out of 
date; disused; imperfectly developed. 

obsoleteness (-nes), n. the state of 
being obsolete; indistinctness.^ 

obstetric (-stet'rik), adj. pertaining 
to midwifery: n.pl. the science of 
midwifery. 

obstetrician (-ste-trish'an), n. an 
accoucheur. 

obstinacy ('sti-na-si), n. the state or 
quality of being obstinate; stub- 
bornness. Also obstinateness. 
bstinate ('sti-nat), adj. pertina- 
ciously adhering to one's opinion 
or purpose; stubborn. 

obstinately (-li), adv. in an obstinate 
manner. 

obstreperous (-strep'er-us), adj. 
clamorously noisy; turbulent. 

obstruct (-strukt'), v.t. to block up 
or impede; hinder from passing; in- 
terrupt. 

obstruction (-struk'shun), n. an im- 
pediment. 



obstructionist (-ist), n. a member 
of a legislative assembly who makes 
use of its rules to deliberately hinder 
the progress of public business. 

obstructive ('tiv), adj. causing ob- 
struction. 

obtain (-tan'), v.t. to get possession 
of; gain; acquire; win; procure: v.i. 
to be established in practice or use. 

obtrude (-trood'), v.t. to thrust in or 
upon ; urge or offer with unreasonable 
importunity: v.i. to enter uninvited. 

obtrusion (-troo'zhun), n. the act of 
obtruding. 

obtrusive ('siv), adj. inclined or apt 
to intrude. 

obtuse (-tils'), adj. not pointed or 
acute; greater than a right angle; 
dull. 

obverse (-vers'), adj. bearing the 
head; said of a coin or medal; nar- 
rower at the base than the top: 
said of a leaf or radicle: n. ('vers) 
the side of a coin or medal having 
the face or head upon it: opposed to 
reverse. 

obvert (-vert'), v.t. to turn toward; 
face. 

obviate ('vi-at), v.t.^ to remove, as 
difficulties or objections. 

obvious ('vi-us), adj. evident. 

obvolute ('vo-lut), adj. arranged so 
as to overlap, as the margins of an 
organ or part of a plant. 

oca (o'ka), n. a South American plant 
with a tuberous root resembling the 
potato. 

occasion (ok-ka'zhun), n. occurrence; 
state or position of affairs; opportu- 
nity; incidental cause or need; exi- 
gence: v.t. to cause or influence di- 
rectly or indirectly; give rise to. 

occasional (-al), adj. incidental or 
casual. 

Occident (ok'si-dent), n. the West; 
the countries west of Asia and the 
Turkish dominions. 

Occidental (-si-den'tal), adj. of or 
belonging to the Occident: n. a na- 
tive of the Occident. 

occipital (-sip'i-tal), adj. pertaining 
to the occiput. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



_ 



OCCIPUT 



510 



ODD FELLOW 



occiput ('si-put), n. the hinder part 
of the skull or head. 

occult (-kulf), adj. hidden; secret; 
invisible. 

occultation (-kul-ta'shun), n. tem- 
porary disappearance or obscura- 
tion : said of one heavenly body when 

. another conceals it from sight. 

occulted (-kult'ed), adj. hidden from 
the vision, as a star, &c. 

occultism ('izm), n. Eastern theos- 
ophy. 

occult sciences (si'en-sez), n.pl. mag- 
ic, alchemy, and astrology. 

occupancy ('ii-pan-si), n. the act of 
taking and holding in possession. 

occupant ('u-pant), n. one who has 
possession. 

occupation (-pa/shun), n. the act or 
state of occupying; business, em- 
ployment, or calling. 

occupier ('u-pl-er), n. one who oc- 
cupies. 

occupy ('ti^pi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. occu- 
pied, p.pr. occupying], to take pos- 
session of; hold or keep in posses- 
sion, as for use; fill or cover; em- 
ploy: v.i. to traffic. 

occur (-ker'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. occurred, 
p.pr. occurring], to happen or take 
place; come to the mind; be found 
or met with. 

occurrence (-kur'ens), n. an accident, 
event, or incident. 

ocean (o'shun), n. the "vast expanse 
of salt water covering more than 
3-5ths of the globe; any one of its 
chief divisions ; an immense expanse : 
adj. pertaining to the great expanse 
of salt water. 

oceanic (-she-an'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, occurring in, or produced by, the 
ocean. 

ocelot ('se-lot), n. the Mexican cat. 

ochre ('ker), n. a fine yellow- or brown- 
colored clay: used as a pigment. 

octa, a prefix meaning eight. Also 
octo, as octachord, an instrument of 
8 strings; a system of 8 sounds; 
octodecimo, a book with 18 leaves to 
the sheet (18mo.). 



octagon (ok'ta-gon), n. a plane figure 
of 8 sides and 8 angles. 

octahedral (-ta-he'dral), adj. having 
8 equal sides. 

octahedron ('drun), n. a solid figure 
contained by 8 equal equilateral tri- 
angles. 

octangular (-tang'gu-lar), adj. having 
8 angles. 

octant ('tant), n. the 8th part of a 
circle. 

octarticulate (ok-tar-tik'u-lat), adj. 
having 8 articulations or joints. 

octave ('tav), n. an eighth, or an in- 
terval of 12 semitones; the 8th day 
after a church festival, the festival 
itself being included; a small cask 
of wine = l-8th of a pipe: adj. con- 
sisting of 8. 

octavo (-ta'v5), n. a sheet of printing 
paper folded in 8 leaves or 16 pages 
(8vo): adj. having 8 leaves or 16 
pages to the sheet. 

octennial (-ten'i-al), adj. recurring 
every 8th year; continuing 8 years. 

octillion (ok-til'yun), n. in French 
and American numeration the num- 
ber represented by 1 followed by 27 
ciphers; in English numeration 1 
followed by 48 ciphers. 

octodecimo (-to-des'i-mo), adj, con- 
sisting of 18 leaves or 36 pages to a 
sheet : n. a book of such size (18mo) . 

octogenarian (-to-je-na'ri-an), n. one 
who is 80 years old: adj. 80 years 
old. 

octopod ('to-pod), n. an animal with 
8 feet. 

octopus ('to-pus), n. [pi. octopuses 
(-ez)], a genus of Cephalopods hav- 
ing 8 arms, containing the cuttlefish. 

octoroon (-to-roon), n. the offspring 
of a white person and a quadroon. 

octuple ('tu-pl), adj. eight-fold. 

ocular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to, 
depending on, or formed by, the eye; 
known from actual sight. 

oculiform ('u-li-f orm) , adj. eye- 
shaped. 

oculist ('ii-list), n. one who is skilled 
in the treatment of eye diseases. 

Odd Fellow ('fel-o), n. a member of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




ODDITY 



511 



OIL-COLOR 






the order of the benevolent society 
of Odd Fellows. 

oddity ('i-ti), n. a person or thing that 
is peculiar; eccentricity; strangeness. 

odds (odz), n.pl. inequality; advan- 
tage; superiority; excess of either 
compared with the other. 

ode (od), n. a short song; lyric poem. 

odic force, n. assumed to account for 
mesmerism. 

odious (o'di-us), adj. offensive; un- 
popular. 

odium ('di-um), n. hatred; dislike. 

odometer (6-dom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for registering the number 
of revolutions of a carriage-wheel, to 
which it is attached. 

odontoid (-don'toid), adj. tooth-like. 

odontology (-tol'o-ji), n. Cental sci- 
ence; a treatise on the teeth. 

odoriferous (-der-if'er-us), adj. dif- 
fusing fragrance. 

odorous ('der-us), adj. emitting an 
odor or scent; fragrant. 

odor ('der), n. a scent; estimation. 

o'er. Same as over. 

oesophagus. See esophagus. 

offal (of'al), n. refuse; waste meat. 

offend (-fend'), v.t. to displease or 
make angry; molest or annoy; pain 
or shock: v.i. to transgress; do any- 
thing displeasing. 

offense (-fens'), n. any cause of an- 
ger or displeasure; insult; injury; 
assault. 

offensive (-fen'siv), adj. causing dis- 
pleasure; annoying; disagreeable; 
disgusting; used in attack: n. the 
act of attacking (with the). 

offer ('er), v.t. to present for accept- 
ance or refusal; proffer; present in 
worship or sacrifice; bid as a price 
or reward: v.i. to be ready; express 
a willingness; attempt or make an 
attempt: n. a proposal made; price 
offered; first advance. 

offering (-ing), n. that which is of- 
fered; a sacrifice; oblation. 

office (of'is), n. public or private 
business; employment; function; act 
of worship; formulary of devotion; 
act of kindness; service; apartment 



for the transaction of business, pi. 
the outlying buildings of a mansion; 
apartments of a house in which do- 
mestics discharge their duties. 

officer ('is-er), n. a person commis- 
sioned to perform a certain public 
duty: v.t. to furnish with officers. 

official (-fisVal), adj. pertaining to 
an office or public duty; from the 
proper authority: n. one who holds 
a civil office. 

officialism (-izm), n. government by 
officials; official routine. 

officiate ('i-at), v.i. to perform the 
duties of an office. 

officinal (-fis'i-nal), adj. noting drugs, 
officially recognized by the pharma- 
copoeia. 

officious (fish'us), adj. too forward 
in offering services; meddling. 

offing (6f'ing), n. that part»of the sea 
'with deep water off the shore. 

off scouring ('skour-ing), n. refuse. 

offscum ('skum), n. dregs; filth. 

offset ('set), n. a young shoot or 
bud; a sum or account placed as an 
equivalent for another; in survey- 
ing, a perpendicular let fall from the 
main line to an outlying point. 

offside ('sld), n. the side to the right 
hand of the driver. 

offspring ('spring), n. children; de- 
scendants. 

often ('en), adv. many times; fre- 
quently. 

ogee (o-je'), n. a wave-like molding, 
one side convex, the other concave; 
a cyma. 

ogle ('gl), v.t. to look fondly at with 
a side glance: n. a side glance. 

ogre (o'ger), n. an imaginary man- 
eating monster or giant. Feminine 
ogress. 

ogreish (-ish), adj. like an ogre. 

ohm (om), n. the unit of electrical 
resistance. 

oilcake ('kak) n. the substance that 
remains after the oil has been ex- 
pressed, as from flaxseed. 

oilcloth ('kloth), n. painted canvas 
for floor covering. 

oil-color ('kul-er), n. a pigment 



ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



OIL-ENGINE 



512 



OMEGA 



made by grinding a coloring sub- 
stance in oil; a painting executed 
in oil-colors. 

oil-engine (oil'en'gin), n. an internal 
combustion engine using oil in a 
spray, of which the Diesel engine 
is the best recent example. 

oil-feed (oil'fed), n. a cup or device 
for the automatic oiling of ma- 
chinery. 

oiliness ('i-nes), n. oily quality; 



oil-tanned (oil'tand), p. adj. tanned 
by a process involving the use of oil 
to give softness to the leather. 

ointment (oint'ment), n. an unctu- 
ous substance applied to a wound or 
injured part. 

okra (ok'ra), n. a West Indian plant, 
the pods of which are used in soups, 
&c. Okro, ochra. 

old style (stil), n. the old mode of 
reckoning time according to the 
Julian year of 365 ^ days. 

oleaginous (o-le-aj'i-nus), adj. oily; 
unctuous. 

oleander (-an'der), n. an evergreen 
shrub with handsome fragrant flow- 
ers. 

oleaster (-as'ter), n. the wild olive. 

oleate ('le-at), n. a salt of oleic acid. 

defiant ('e-fi'ant), adj. noting a gas 
fo.rmed by heating 2 volumes of sul- 
phuric acid with 1 volume of alcohol. 

defiant gas (gas), n. heavy car- 
buretted hydrogen. 

oleic ('le-ik) adj. pertaining to, or 
obtained from, oil. 

oleic acid (as'id), n. an oily acid, ob- 
tained from the saponification of, lin- 
seed and other oils, or in the making 
of soap. 

oleiferous (-le-if'er-us), adj. produc- 
ing oil. 

oleine ('le-in), n. the pure liquid part 
of oil or fat. Also olein. 

oleo, a prefix meaning oily, pertaining 
to oil, or oily. 

oleograph ('le-o-graf), n. a lithograph 
in oil-colors. 

oleomargarine (-o-mar-gar-in), n. 



imitation butter made from milk and 
animal fat, &c. 

oleometer (-om'«-ter), n. an instru- 
ment for testing and determining 
the relative density of oils. 

oleo-oil (-oil), n. oil obtained from 
animal fat. 

olfactory (ol-fak'to-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or used in, smelling: n. or- 
gan of smell (usually pi.). 

oligarch (ol'i-gark), n. one of an oli- 
garchy. 

oligarchial (-al), adj. pertaining to 
an oligarchy. 

oligarchy ('i-gar-ki), n. [pi. oligar- 
chies (-kiz) ], government in which 
the supreme power is in the hands 
of a few; a state so governed. 

olive (lv), n. a plant of the genus 
Olea, or its oily fruit; a tawny yel- 
low color: adj. pertaining to, or re- 
sembling, the olive. 

olive-branch (-branch), n. the branch 
of the olive: the emblem of peace. 

olivet ('i-vet), n. an imitation pearl 
made for traffic with savage races. 

olla podrida (ol'ya po-dre-da), n. a 
Spanish dish made of a mixture of 
meats, vegetables, peppers, and 
other ingredients, stewed together. 

Olympiad (o-lim 'pi-ad), n. in an- 
cient Greece, the interval (4 years) 
between the celebration of the Oljim- 
pic games: a system of chronology 
reckoning from the first Olympiad, 
776 B.C. 

Olympic ('pik), adj. pertaining to 
Olympia in Elis, where the Olympic 
games were celebrated. t Also Olym- 
pian: n.pl. the Olympic games of 
ancient Greece, celebrated every 4 
years in honor of Zeus of Mt. Olym- 
pus. 

om (5m), n. a word„ sacred to the 
Brahmins, not to be spoken aloud, 
except on solemn occasions. 

omber, ombre (om'ber), n. a card 
game. 

ombrometer (-brom'e-ter), n. a rain- 
gage. 

omega (o-me'ga), n. the last letter of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



boon, 



OMELET 



513 



OPAQUE 



the Greek alphabet: hence the last; 
end. 

omelet (om'e-let), n. a kind of pan- 
cake of eggs, &c. 

omen (o'men), n. a sign of some fu- 
ture event: v.t. to portend or prog- 
nosticate. 

ominous (om'i-nus), adj. foreboding 
evil; inauspicious. 

omission (o-mish'un), n. neglect or 
failure to do something 
something omitted. 

omit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. omitted, 
p.pr. omitting], to leave out; neg- 
lect; fail to mention. 

omni, a prefix meaning all, entirely, 
as omnipresent. 

omnibus (om'ni-bus), n. a public 



plant of the genus Allium: used in 
cookery. 

onomatopoeia (on-o-mat-o-pe'ya), n. 
the formation of words to resemble 
the sounds made by the thing sig- 
nified, as whiz; the use of words so 
formed, or the word itself. 

o no matopoetic (-po-et'ik) , adj. 
formed by onomatopoeia. Also ono- 
matopoeic, 
required; onset ('set), n. an assault; attack. 

onslaught ('slawt), n. a furious at- 
tack. 

ontogenesis (-to-jen'e-sis), n. < the 
history of the evolution of individual 
organisms. Also ontogeny. 

ontological (-to-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to ontology; metaphysical. 



four-wheeled carriage for passenger ontologist (-toro-jist), n. a meta- 



adj. ca- 
kind of 



adj. 



traffic 

omnigerent (om-nij'e-rent) 
pable of performing any 
work. 

omnilingual (om-ni-ling'gwal), 
versed in all languages. 

omni lucent (om-ni-lu'sent), adj. giv- 
ing light in every direction. 

omnipotence (-nip'o-tens), n. unlim- 
ited power. 

Omnipotent, n. God (with the). 

omnipresence (-ni-prez'ens), n. uni- 
versal presence. 

omniscient (-nish'ent), adj. knowing 
all things; infinitely wise. 
tniscope (om'ni-skop), n. an im- 
proved periscope for use in a sub 



physician. 
ontology ('o-ji), n. the logic of pure 

being; metaphysics. 
onus (o'nus), n. a burden; duty; ob- 
ligation. 
onyx (on'iks), n. a variety of agate. 
oology (-ol'o-ji), n. a treatise on 

birds' eggs; the scientific study of 

birds' eggs. 
oolong (oo'long), n. a Chinese black 

tea, the flavor of which resembles 

green tea. Also oulong. 
oosperm (6'o-sperm), n. a fertilized 

ovum. 
ootheca (-the'ka), n. the egg-case of 

certain mollusks and insects contain- 



ing the eggs, 
marine boat, giving a wide range of ooze (ooz), n. soft mud or slime; gen- 
"sion. tie flow; liquor of a tan vat: v.i.to 

_ nivorous (-niv'er-us), adj. feed- flow gently; percolate, 
ing upon animal and vegetable food; opacity (o-pas'i-ti), n. opaqueness. 



opai ( r pal), n. a precious stone of 
milky hue, exhibiting a play of vari- 
ous colors. 
opalesce (-es'), v.i. to exhibit a play 

of various colors like the opal. 
opalescence ('ens), n. the quality of 

being opalescent. 
opalescent Cent), adj. resembling 
opal in its reflection of light. 
one-step (wun -step), n a very simple opaline ('pa-lin), adj. pertaining to, 

and popular modern dance. or rese mbling, the opal. 

onion (un'yun), n. a bulbous-rooted opaque (-pak'), adj. not transparent. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book: hue, hut; think, then. 



all-devouring. 

lager (on'a-jer), n. the wild ass. 

onanism (o'nan-izm), n. masturba- 
tion. 

once (wuns), adv. at one time; for- 
merly; one time. 

onerous (on'er-us), adj. burdensome; 
weighty; oppressive. 






OPAQUENESS 



514 



OPPORTUNIST 



opaqueness (-nes), n. the quality or 
state of being opaque. 

ope (op), v. & adj. same as open 
[poet.]. 

opera (op'er-a), n. a musical drama. 

opera-bouffe (-boof), ri, a comic 
opera. 

opera-cloak (-klok), n. a lady's 
evening dress cloak worn at an opera, 
theater, &c. 

opera-glass (-glas), n. a small bi- 
nocular glass used in operas, thea- 
ters, &c. 

operameter (-er-am'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for recording the number 
of revolutions made by the shaft or 
wheel of a machine. 

operate ('er-at), v.i. to work; pro- 
duce a certain effect; perform a sur- 
gical operation: v.t. to cause to per- 
form certain work: as, to operate a 
machine. 

operatic (-at'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the opera. 

operation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
operating; agency; effect; manipu- 
lation; surgical performance with 
instruments; a series of movements 
of an army or fleet. 

operative ('er-a'-tiv), adj. having the 
power of acting; efficacious; vigor- 
ous: n. an artisan or skilled work- 
man. 

operator ('er-a-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, operates. 

operetta (op-er-et'a), n. a light mu- 
sical drama. 

ophicleide (of'i-klid), n. a large brass 
keyed musical instrument of the 
horn class. 

Ophidia (o-fid'i-a), n.pl. an order of 
reptiles, including the serpents. 

ophidian ('i-an), adj. pertaining to 
the Ophidia; snake-like: n. one of 
the Ophidia. 

ophiological (of-i-o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to ophiology. 

ophiology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 
of natural history which treats of 
serpents. 

ophthalmia (of-thal'mi-a) , n. in- 



flammation of the eye or eyeball. 
Also ophthalmitis. 

ophthalmology ('o-ji), n the science 
that treats of the eye and its diseases. 

ophthalmoscopy (-mos'ko-pi), n. ex- 
amination of the eye. 

ophthalmoscopy ('mo-sko-pi), n. ex- 
section or extraction of the eye. 

oph thai mo trope (of-thal'mo-trop), n. 
a mechanical model of the two eyes 
regulated by pulleys and used to 
demonstrate the action of the various 
eye muscles, 

opiate (o'pi-at), n. a medicine com- 
pounded with opium to induce sleep 
or rest; narcotic; m anything that 
soothes: adj. narcotic; soothing; in- 
ducing sleep or quiet. 

opine (5-pin'), v.i. to think; be of 
opinion. 

opinion '(-pin'yun), n. belief or judg- 
ment; estimation; persuasion. 

opinionated (-a-ted), adj. firm or 
obstinate in one's opinions. 

opinionative (-a-tiv), adj. fond of 
preconceived ideas; self-conceited. 

opium (o'pi-um),_n. the dried juice 
of the capsules of the white poppy. 

opobalsam (op-o-bawl'sam), n. balst 
of Gilead. 

opossum (o-pos'um), n. an American 
and Australian marsupial carnivo- 
rous mammal. 

opotherapy (op-o-ther'a-pi), n. treat- 
ment of disease with animal ex- 
tracts, chiefly of the glands of 
internal secretion, as the thyroid, 
adrenals, and pituatary body: more 
commonly called organotherapy. 

opponent (op-po'nent), adj. opposite; 
adverse; antagonistic: n. one who 
opposes, especially in argument or 
debate; adversary. 

opportune (-per-tun'), adj. well- 
timed; seasonable. 

opportunism Cizm), n. sacrifice of 
principle to circumstances, especial- 
ly in politics. 

opportunist ('ist), n. one who takes 
advantage of circumstances to pro- 
mote the political interests of his 
party. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




OPPORTUNITY 



515 



ORALISM 



opportunity (-tu'ni-ti), n. convenient 
time or occasion. 

opposable (-poz'a-bl), adj. that may 
be opposed. 

oppose (-poz'), v.t. to act against; 
contend with; resist; place as an 
obstacle; check. 

opposite ('po-zit), adj. placed or 
standing in front; contrary; ad- 
verse; antagonistic. 

oppositely (-li), adv. in front; ad- 
versely. 

opposition (-zish'un), n. the act or 
state of opposing; hostile resistance; 
contrariety; obstacle; the situation 
of two heavenly bodies when their 
longitudes differ by 180°; the col- 
lective body of opponents to the 
existing administration or govern- 
ment. 

oppress (-pres'), v.t. to burden; crush 
by hardship or severity; he heavily 
upon. 

oppression (-presh'un), n. the act of 
oppressing; state of being oppressed; 
hardship; calamity; injustice; lassi- 
tude; dulness, 

oppressive (-pres'iv), adj. unreason- 
ably burdensome; unjustly severe; 
tyrannical ; overpowering ; "heavy. 

oppressor ('er), n. one who oppresses. 

opprobrious (-pro'bri-us), adj. ex- 
pressive of opprobrium; reproachful 
and contemptuous; disgraceful. 

opprobrium ('bri-um), n. reproach 
with disdain or contempt; igno- 
miny. 

opsiometer (-si-om'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the limits of 
distinct vision. 

opsonic (op-son'ik), adj. related to 
opsonin. The opsonic index, deter- 
mined by observation of the white 
blood corpuscles in engulfing bac- 
teria, reveals the relative quantity 
of opsonin in the blood. 

optative ('ta-tiv), adj. expressing de- 
sire or wish. 

optic ('tik), adj. pertaining to vision. 
Also optical : n.pl. the science of the 
properties of light and vision. 

optician (-tish'un), n. one skilled in 



optics; one who makes or sells opti- 
cal instruments. 

optigraph ('ti-graf), n. a kirid of 
camera for copying landscapes. 

optimism ('ti-mizm), n. the doctrine 
that everything in the present state 
of existence is for the best. 

optimist ('ti-mist), n. one who holds 
the doctrine of optimism. 

optimistic (-mis'tik), adj. character- 
ized by optimism; sanguine. 

option ('shun), n. power or right of 
choice; wish; selection; on the 
Stock Exchange, the liberty to sell 
or buy stock in a time bargain at a 
stated price. 

optional (-al), adj. left to one's wish 
or choice. 

optometer. Same as opsiometer. 

optophone (op'to-fon), n. an instru- 
ment which by utilizing the varying 
electrical conductivity of selenium 
under changing conditions of light, 
enables a blind man to detect the 
presence of opaque objects by the 
sense of hearing. 

optotechnics (op'to-tek'niks), n. 
the science that deals with optical 
instruments, including microscope, 
telescope, and camera. 

opulence ('u-lens), n. wealth. Also 
opulency. 

opulent ('u-lent), adj. wealthy; rich. 

opus (o'pus), n. [pi. opera (op'er-a) ], 
a work; musical composition. 

opuscule ('kul), n. a little work; 
brochure. 

oracle (or'a-kl), n. among the an- 
cients, the response of a deity or in- 
spired priest to some inquiry; the 
deity who gave the answer; the place 
where a deity might be consulted; 
the Jewish temple; a prophetic 
declaration; a prophet or person of 
reputed wisdom. 

oracular (o-rak'u-lar), adj. of the 
nature of an oracle; uttering ora- 
cles; dogmatically magisterial; am- 
biguous; venerable. 

oral ('ral), adj. verbal. 

oralism (o'ral-izm), n. teaching deaf- 
mutes by the lip-language. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ORANGE 



516 



ORDINANCE 



orange (or'enj), ,n. a tree (Citrus 
Aurantium) with a deep golden-col- 
ore'd and juicy fruit; the color of 
such fruit: adj. pertaining to an 
orange; orange-colored. 

orangeade (-ad), n. a beverage made 
from orange-juice. 

orange-book, n. official name of a 
collection of diplomatic messages* 
issued by Russia just before the 
European war of 1914. 

orangeman (-man), n. [pi. orange- 
men (-men) ], a member of a polit- 
ical society of Irish Protestants: 
named from William III., Prince of 
Orange. 

orangery (-ri), n. a place for the 
cultivation of oranges. 

orange-rust (or 'an j -rust), n. a fun- 
gus that infests the stems of black- 
berry and raspberry plants. 

orang-outang (o-rang'65-tang), n. 
the great anthropoid ape of the East- 
ern Archipelago. 

oration (-ra'shun), n. a formal pub- 
lic speech delivered on an occasion 
of special importance; harangue. 

orator (or'a-ter), n. one who makes 
an oration; an eloquent speaker. 

oratorical (-tor'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to an orator or to oratory; rhe- 
torical. 

oratorio (-to'ri-o), n. a musical com- 
position having a sacred theme as 
its subject. 

oratory ('a-to-ri), n. the art of an 
orator; eloquence: n.pl. oratories, a 
small chapel, especially one for pri- 
vate devotion. 

orb (orb), n. a circular body; sphere; 
the eye; circuit. 

orbed ('d), adj. spherical. Orbiculate. 

orbicular (-bik'u-lar), adj. orb-shaped. 

orbit ('bit), n. the bony cavity of the 
eye; the path described by a heav- 
enly body during its periodical rev- 
olution. 

orbital (-al), adj. pertaining to an 
orbit. 

orchard ('cherd), n. an inclosure 
of fruit trees. 

orchestra ('kes-tra), n. in the an- 



cient Greek theater the place where 
the chorus danced; in a modern 
theater, &c, the place occupied by 
the musicians; the parquet; the 
body of musicians. 

orchestration (-tra'shun), n. musi- 
cal arrangement or instrumentation 
for an orchestra. 

orchid ('kid), n. a handsome flower, 
often of fantastic shape, of the genus 
Orchis. 

Orchis ('kis), n. a genus of plants 
with curiously-shaped roots and ■ 
flowers. 

ordain (-dan'), v.t. to, appoint; in- 
stitute; invest with ministerial or 
priestly functions. 

ordeal ('de-al), n. an ancient method 
of trial by fire, water, combat, &c, 
to determine the guilt or innocence 
of an accused person : hence a severe 
trial or test. 

order ('der), n. method or regular ar- 
rangement; settled mode of proced- 
ure; rule; regulation; command; 
class; rank; degree; a religious fra- 
ternity; an association of persons 
possessing a common honorary dis- 
tinction; a division intermediate be- 
tween a class or sub-class and a 
family; in architecture, a system of 
constructing and ornamenting col- 
umns, comprising the Tuscan, Doric, 
Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite; 
pi. the three orders (bishop, priest, 
deacon) of the Christian ministry in 
an Episcopal Church (Holy Or- 
ders): v.t. to regulate or manage; 
command; conduct; direct: v.i. to 
give a command or order. 

orderly ('der-li), adj. well regulated; 
methodical; performed in good or- 
der; peaceable; on military duty: n. 
a soldier who attends upon an officer 
to carry his orders: adv. method- 
ically. 

ordinal ('din-al), adj. noting order: 
n. a number noting order; a book 
containing the form of service for 
ordination. 

ordinance ('di-nans), n. an estab- 
lished rule, rite, or law. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ORDINARILY 



517 



ORIFLAMME 



ordinarily ('di-na-ri-li), adj. accord- 
ing to established rule or method; 
usually. 

ordinary ('di-na-ri), adj. according 
to established order; usual; cus- 
tomary; commonplace; mediocre; 
plain; a meal for all comers at fixed 
charges; an ecclesiastical judge; a 
prison chaplain; in heraldry, that 
part of the escutcheon contained be- 
tween straight # and other lines. 

ordinate ('dl-nat), n. a straight line 
in a curve terminated on both sides 
by the curve and bisected by the 
diameter. 

ordination (-na/shun), n. the act of 
conferring holy orders; the state of 
being ordained or appointed. 

ordnance (ord'nans), n. artillery. 

ore (or), n. metal as extracted from 
the earth in its natural state or com- 
bined with some other substance. 

oread (o 're-ad), n. a mountain nymph. 

orexigenic (o-rek-si-jen'ik), a. tend- 
ing to stimulate the appetite. 

organ (or'gan), n. an instrument; 
means of communication or convey- 
ance; that part of living structure 
by means of which some function is 
discharged or work performed; a 
wind instrument. 

organic (-gan'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
composed of, containing, or produced 
by, organs; instrumental. Also or- 
ganical. 

organism ('gan-izm), n. organical 
structure. 

organist ('ist), n. a performer on the 
organ. 

organization (-i-za/shun), n. organic 
structure; the act of organizing. 

organize ('gan-Iz), v.t. to form or 
furnish with organs; to arrange or 
distribute into parts with the proper 
officials so as to work or carry out a 
scheme efficiently. 

organogeny ('oj-e-ni), n. organic de- 
velopment. 

organography (-og'ra-fi), n. a scien- 
tific "description of the organs of 
animals or plants. 

organology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 



of physiology which treats of animal 
organs. 

organon ('ga-non), n. a body of rules 
for regulating scientific or philo- 
sophical investigation. 

organoplastic (-o-plas'tik), adj. pro- 
ducing, or evolving, organic tissue. 

organotherapy (or 'gan-o-ther'a-pi) , 
n. the treatment of disease by animal 
extracts, an important department 
of recent medicine; also called opo- 
therapy. 

organzine ('gan-zin), n. thrown silk 
of very fine texture; a fabric made 
from it. 

orgasm ('gazm), n. immoderate ex- 
citement or action. 

orgues (orgz), n.pl. pieces of timber 
pointed and shod with iron; an ar- 
rangement of gun-barrels in parallel 
order for firing simultaneously. 

orgy ('ji), n. a drunken revel, espe- 
cially at night: pi. secret rites in the 
worship of Dionysus (Bacchus) dis- 
tinguished by wild revelry. 

oriel (o'ri-el), n. a large bay window. 

Orient ('ri-ent), adj. Oriental: n. the 
East. 

orient ('ri-ent), v.t. to define the po- 
sition of with reference to the East. 

Oriental (-en'tal), adj. pertaining to, 
or situated in, the East; proceeding 
from Asia or the East: n. an inhabi- 
tant of Asia or the East. 

oriental (-en'tal), adj. precious; 
pure; valuable: said of gems. 

Orientalism (-izm), n. an idiom or 
custom characteristic of the East. 

Orientalist (-ist), n. one who is 
skilled in Oriental languages, sub- 
jects, &c. 

orientate (-tat), v.t. & v.i. to turn 
toward the East. 

orientation (-ta'shun), n. the deter- 
mination of the position of the east; 
eastward position; the faculty pos- 
sessed by certain birds of finding 
their way home from long distances. 

orifice (or'i-fis), n. a mouth or aper- 
ture. 

oriflamme ('i-flam), n. the ancient 
royal standard of France, a red flag 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ORIGIN 



518 



ORTHODONTIST 



split at one end and forming flame- 
shaped streamers. 

origin ('i-jin), n. beginning; first ex- 
istence; source; cause; derivation. 

original (o-rij'i-nal), adj. first in or- 
der; having power to originate; not 
copied: n. that from which anything 
is copied, &c; the language in which 
a work is written; archetype; an 
eccentric person. 

originality ('i-ti), n. original state 
or quality. 

original sin (sin), n. the inherent 
tendency of mankind to sin, derived 
from Adam and imputed to his de- 
scendants. 

originate (-rij'i-nat), v.t. to bring 
into existence: v.i. to rise; com- 
mence. 

origination (-na'shun), n. first pro- 
duction; source; method of produc- 
tion. 

originator ('i-na-ter), n. one who 
originates. 

orillon (o-ril'yun), n. a mound of 
earth faced with a wall to protect a 
cannon. 

oriole (o'ri-ol), n. the golden-thrush. 

orlop (or'lop), n. the lowest deck of 
a ship. 

ormolu ('mo-loo), n. bronze or cop- 
per gilt in imitation of gold. 

ornament ('na-ment), n. anything 
that adorns or beautifies; embellish- 
ment: v.t. to adorn, beautify, or dec- 
orate. 

ornamentation (-ta'shun), n. deco- 
ration. 

ornate (-naf), adj. ornamented. 

ornery (6r'ne-ri), adj. very ordinary 
or insignificant: colloquial term of 
depreciation or contempt. 

ornith, a prefix meaning bird. Also 
ornitho, as ornitholite, the remains 
of a bird in a fossil state. 

ornithological (-ni-tho-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to ornithology. 

ornithology ('o-ji), n. the scientific 
study of the structure, habits, &c, of 
birds. 

orographic (or-6-graf'ik), adj. per- 



taining to orography. Also oro- 
graphical. 

orography (o-rog'ra-fi), n. the science 
that treats of mountains, mountain 
systems, their height, &c. Also 
orology. 

oroide (o'ro-id), n. an alloy of tin 
and copper resembling gold. 

orotund (o'ro-tund), adj. character- 
ized by fullness, clearness, strength, 
and smoothness: said of the voice or 
manner of utterance: n. a quality of 
voice thus characterized. 

orphan (or 'fan), n. a child bereft of 
one or both parents: adj. bereft 
of parents. 

orphanage (-aj), n. the state of an 
orphan; an institution for orphans. 

Orphean ('fe-an), adj. pertaining to 
Orpheus, the celebrated bard of 
classic mythology: hence melodious, 
enchanting. Also Orphic. 

orphrey ('fri), n. an embroidered 
band or bands of gold or silver on 
the front of an ecclesiastical vest- 
ment from the neck downward, es- 
pecially on a cope. 

orpiment ('pi-ment), n. yellow sul- 
phuret of arsenic; king's yellow. 

orpin ('pin), n. a yellow color of 
various shades of intensity. 

orrery (or'e-ri), n. an apparatus to 
illustrate by balls mounted on rods 
the motions, magnitudes, and posi- 
tions of the planets of the solar sys- 
tem. 

orris ('is), n. gold or silver lace; the 
iris. 

orris-root (-root), n. the dried roots 
of the Florentine orris: used as a 
perfume. 

ortho, a prefix meaning straight, right, 
true. 

orthoclase (or'tho-klaz), n. potash 
feldspar. 

orthodiograph (6r-tho'di-5-graf), n. 
a device for taking X-ray pictures 
of the internal organs of the body. 

orthodontist (6r-th5-dont'ist), n. 
one who makes a business of straight- 
ening teeth, widening mouth arches, 
and restoring jaws to proper shape. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, n6rth, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



_ 







ORTHODOX 



519 



OSTENTATIOUS 



orthodox ('tho-doks), adj. holding, 
or in accordance with, the received 
or established belief or doctrine. 

orthoepy (-tho'e-pi), n. correct pro- 
nunciation. 

orthogenesis (6r-tho-jen'e-sis), n. 
the theoretical origin of species 
through the inheritance of charac- 
ters acquired or modified by func- 
tional activity. 

orthogonal (thog'o-nal), adj. rec- 
tangular. 
(orthograde (or'tho-grad), adj. walk- 
ing with upright body, after the man- 
ner of man and the anthropoid apes. 

orthographer ('ra-fer), n. one 
skilled in orthography. Also or- 
thographist. 

orthography (-thog'ra-fi), n. the 
art of spelling and writing words 
correctly. 

orthopaedia (-tho-pe'di-a), n. the 
prevention and cure of deformities, 
especially in children. 

ortolan ('to-lan), n. a small bird, 
allied to the bunting: much es- 
teemed for its flesh. 

os (os), n. (Latin) [pi. ossa ('&) ], a 
bone; the mouth (pi. ora). 

oscillate ('i-lat), v.i, & v.t. to swing 
backwards and forwards; vibrate. 

oscillation (-la/shun), n. a swinging 
backwards and forwards; vibration. 

oscillator (os'i-la-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, oscillates; a device 

I for producing electric currents of a 
constant period, independently of 
variations in its driving force. 
dilatory (os'-i-la-to-ri), adj. swing- 
ing; vibrating. 
cillograph (os'i-lo-graf), n. an in- 
strument for studying the oscilla- 
tions of the electric current. 
osculate ('ku-lat), v.t. & v.i. to kiss; 

touch. 
osculation (-la/shun), n. kissing; 
^ouching. 

('ku-la\-to-ri), adj. per- 

kissing: n. a tablet or 

board on which the picture of Christ 

or the Virgin Mary is painted for 

worshipers to kiss. 



mlation 

touching. 
osculatory 

taining to 



osier (o'zher), n. a willow, the twigs 
of which are used in basket-making; 
matter in muscular fiber containing 
those constituents to which its taste 
when cooked is due. 

Osiris (os-I'ris), n. the favorite god 
of the Egyptians; the husband of 
Iris and the father of Horus, two 
other Egyptian deities. 

Oslerize (os'ler-iz), v.t. to take the 
life of persons who are presumed to 
have reached an age at which their 
usefulness is ended. 

osmium (os'mi-um), n. a metallic 
element in platinum ore. 

osmose ('mos), n. the process of at- 
traction by which gases and fluids 
pass through a separating mem- 
brane. 

osmund ('mund), n. the flowering 
fern of the genus Osmunda. 

osprey (os'pra), n. the fish-hawk. 
Also ossifrage. ^ 

ossein ('e-in), n. gelatinous tissue in 
bone. 

osseous ('e-us), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or like, bone. 

osseter ('e-ter), n. a species of stur- 
geon, yielding a fine kind of isin- 
glass. 

ossicle ('i-kl), n. a little bone: pi. a 
hard structure of small size, as the 
calcareous plates of the starfish. 

ossiferous (-if'er-us), adj. producing, 
or containing, bone. 

ossification (-fi-ka'shun), n. conver- 
sion of soft animal tissue into bone. 

ossify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ossified, 
p.pr. ossifying], to convert into 
bone or into a bone-like substance; 
harden: v.i. to become bone. 

ostensibility (-ten-si-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being ostensible. 

ostensible ('si-bl), adj. apparent; 
held forth to view; plausible. 

ostensive ('ten-siv), adj. showing; 
exhibiting. 

ostentation (-ta/shun), n. outward 
show or appearance; ambitious or 
vain display. 

ostentatious ('shus), adj. fond of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *Aen. 






OSTEODENTINE 



520 



OUTRAGE 



show; intended for vain display; 
gaudy. 

osteodentine (-te-o-den'tin), n. a 
substance forming the teeth of verte- 
brate animals and structurally in- 
termediate between bone and den- 
tine. 

osteoderm (os'te-o-derm), n. a bone 
developed in the skin of an animal, 
as in the case of amphibia and rep- 
tiles and in the armadillo. 

osteogenesis (-jen'e-sis), n. bone 
formation. 

osteologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one who is 
skilled in osteology. 

osteology ('o-ji), n. that part of an- 
atomy treating of bones, their struc- 
ture, &c. 

osteopathic (-o-path'ik), adj. per- 
taining to osteopathy. 

osteopathist (-op'a-thist), n. one 
skilled in, or who practices, osteop- 
athy. 

osteopathy (-op'a-thi), n. a system 
of therapeutics in* which the treat- 
ment is by manipulation of the 
bones, muscles, and nerve centers, 

ostitis (-ti'tis), n. inflammation of 
the bones. 

ostler (os'ler), n. a man who attends 
to horses at an inn. 

ostracism ('tra-sizm), n. banishment 
by ostracizing. 

ostracize ('tra-siz), v.t. to banish by 
popular vote: from the ancient cus- 
tom in Athens of banishing a citizen 
by throwing a shell, inscribed with 
the name of the person to be ban- 
ished, into an urn; exclude from 
public or private favor. 

ostrich ('trich), n. a swift running 
African bird, valued for its feathers. 

Ostrogoth ('tro-goth), n. an Eastern 
Goth. 

otoscope (o'to-skop), n. an instru- 
ment for examining the interior of 
the ear. 

otter (ot'er), n. an amphibious mam- 
mal of the weasel family, which 
feeds on fish. 

otto. Another form of attar. 

Ottoman (ot'o-man), adj. pertaining 



to, or characteristic of, the Turks or 
their government : n. a Turk. 

ottoman ('o-man), n. a cushioned 
seat; a movable cushioned foot-rest. 

ought (awt), v.i. to be under obliga- 
tion; be fit, necessary, or proper: n. 
anything. 

ounce (ouns), n. a weight l-16th of 
a pound avoirdupois; l-12th of a 
pound troy; a carnivorous animal 
resembling the leopard. 

ousel, ouzel (oo'zel), n. the Euro- 
pean blackbird. 

oust (oust), v.t. to eject. 

outbreak (out'brak), n. a breaking 
out; an eruption. 

outcast ('kast), adj. cast out; re- 
jected: n. one who is cast or driven 
out ; an exile. 

outcrop ('krop), n. the exposure of 
strata at the earth's surface: v.i. to 
crop out at the surface. 

outcry ('kri), n. clamor; tumult. 

outfall ('fawl), n. the lower end of 
a water-course; point of discharge. 

outgo (-go'), v.t. [p.t. outwent, p.p: 
outgone, p.pr. outgoinig], to go be- 
yond; surpass. 

out-herod (-her'od)| v.t. to exceed 
the cruelty or violent character of 
(Herod the Great) : hence to exceed 
in any evil. 

outlander (out'lan-der), n. a for- 
eigner. 

outlandish (-land'ish), adj. foreign; 
extraordinary; vulgar. 

outlaw ('law), n. one who is deprived 
of legal benefits and protection: v.t. 
to deprive of 'legal benefits and pro- 
tection. 

outline ('lin), n. a line # bounding or 
defining a figure; first sketch: v.t. 
to sketch out. 

outport ('port), n. a port* or harbor 
at some distance from the chief port. 

output (out'put), n. the total quanti- 
ty of any product manufactured or 
produced. 

outrage ('raj), n. open and excessive 
violence; wanton abuse or „ mis- 
chief: v.t. to commit an outrage 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




OUTRAGEOUS 



521 



OVULE 






upon; insult indecently: v.i. to act 
in an outrageous manner. 
outrageous ('us), adj. violent; ex- 
cessive; exceeding all bounds. 
outre (oo-tra'), adj. overstrained; 

exaggerated. 
outrider (out'ri-der), n. a servant 
on horseback who rides in advance 
of a carriage. 
outrigger ('rig-er), n. a projecting 
spar or beam for extending sails or 
ropes; a boat with projecting row- 
locks. 
outright ('rit), adv. completely; at 

once. 
outspan (out-span'), v.i. to unyoke 
the oxen and prepare for resting or 
camping out. 
outstanding (-standing), adj. pro- 
jecting; unpaid. 
outward-bound (-bound)j adj. sail- 
ing to foreign parts. 
outwit (-wit'), v.t. to overreach, or 

defeat, by superior skill or cunning. 
outwork ('werk), n. a defense con- 
structed beyond the main body of a 
fort, &c. 
ouzel. See ousel. 
ova, pi. of ovum. 
oval (o'val),. adj. shaped like an egg; 

elliptical: n. anything egg-shaped. 
ovarian/ (-va'ri-iln), adj. pertaining 

to the ovary. 
ovaritis (-ri'tis), n. inflammation of 

the ovaries. 
ovary ('va-ri), n. [pi. ovaries (-riz) ], 
the organ in a female animal in 
which the ova or first germs of fu- 
ture life are formed; the hollow 
seed-case of a plant. 
ovate ('vat), adj. egg-shaped. 
ovate-oblong (ob'long), adj. longer 

than oval. 
ovation (-va'shun), n. among the 
ancient Romans, a minor triumph 
of a general for an inferior victory 
at which sheep were sacrificed; an 
enthusiastic demonstration of pub- 
lic esteem. 
oven (uv'n), n. a place or apparatus 

for baking or heating. 
overhaul ('hawl), v.t. to examine 



thoroughly; overtake; gain upon: 
said of a ship. 

overplus ('ver-plus), n. excess. 

overpower (-pou'er), v.t. to bear 
down or crush by superior force; 
vanquish. 

over-production (-pro-duk'shun), n. 
supply in excess of the demand. 

overseer (-ser'), n. the superintendent 
of some department of a business ; a 
parochial official who superintends 
the poor. 

overshot wheel ('ver-shot hwel), n. 
a water wheel which is driven by 
water flowing over its top. 

overt ('vert), adj. open; public. 

overtake (o-ver-tak'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
overtook, p.pr. overtaking], to catch 
by pursuit; come upon as a punish- 
ment; take by surprise. 

overthrow (-thro'), v.t. to turn up- 
side down; demolish; vanquish; de- 
stroy: n. ('ver-thro) ruin; defeat; 
in cricket, a ball missed by the 
wicket-keeper when returned to him. 

overtones ('ver-tonz), n.pl. har- 
monics. 

overture ('ver-tur), n. an offer or 
proposal; opening; an introductory 
symphony before the commencement 
of an opera, &c. 

overweening (-wen'ing), adj. con- 

. ceited. 

overwhelm (-hwelm'), v.t. to crush 
or destroy utterly. 

overwise (-wiz'), adj. affectedly wise. 

ovicular (-vik'u-l&r;, adj. pertaining 
to an egg; oviform-. 

oviparous (-vip'a-rus), adj. produc- 
ing young by eggs. 

ovoid ('void), adj. egg-shap # ed. Also 
ovoidal. 

ovolo ('vo-lo), n. a round or convex 
egg-shaped molding. 

ovoplasm ('vo-plazm), n. the proto- 
plasmic substance or yolk of an 
egg. # 

ovo viviparous (-vi-vip'a-rus), adj. 
producing eggs containing the young 
in a living state, as certain animals. 

ovule ('vul), n. the germ borne by 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



OVUM 



522 



OZOSTOMIA 



the placenta of a plant, and subse- 
quently developing into a seed. 

ovum ('vum), n. [pi. ova ('va) ], the 
germ or body in the ovary which, 
when impregnated, develops in the 
foetus; an egg-shaped ornament, 

owe (o), v.t. to be indebted, or under 
obligation to; be obliged to pay: 
v.i. to be in debt. 

ownership ('er-ship), n. rightful 
possession. 

oxalic (-al'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
derived from, oxalis, a genus of 
plants with a bitter taste, contain- 
ing the wood-sorrel. 

oxalic acid (as'id), n. sl poisonous 
acid obtained from sawdust. 

oxidability (-id-a-bil'i-ti), n. capa- 
bility of being converted into an 
oxide. 

oxidation (-da/shun), n. the opera- 
tion of converting into an oxide. 

oxide ('id), n. a compound of oxygen 
and a base. 

oxidize ('i-diz), v.t. to convert into 
an oxide: v.i. to be converted into 
an oxide. Also oxidate. 

oxlip ('lip), n. a variety of primula. 

oxy, a prefix occurring in various sci- 
entific words, meaning the presence 
of oxygen. 

oxygen ('i-jen), n. a colorless in- 
odorous gas, which with nitrogen 
and argon constitutes l-5th by vol- 
ume of the atmosphere, and in com- 
bination with hydrogen forms water. 

oxygenate ('i-jen-at), v.t. to com- 
bine with oxygen. Also oxygenize. 



oxygenation. Same as oxidation. 

oxy hydrogen (-hl'dro-jen), adj. con- 
sisting of a mixture of oxygen and 
hydrogen, as in the oxyhydrogen- 
blowpipe by which an intense heat 
is produced by the combination of 
the two gases. 

oxy tone ('i-ton), adj. having an 
acute sound; having the last sylla- 
ble accented; n. an acute sound. 

oyer (o'yer), n. sl hearing or trial of 
legal causes. 

oyer and terminer (ter'min-er), n. 
a court constituted by commission 
to hear and determine specified 
causes. 

oyes ('yes), inter j. the introductory 
cry of an official or public crier de- 
manding silence. Also oyez. 

oyster (ois'ter), n. a bivalve mollusk 
of the genus Ostrea, much esteemed 
as a delicacy. 

oyster-plant (-plant), n. a plant 
whose root, when cooked, has the 
flavor of oysters; salsify. 

ozone ('zon), n. an allotropic form 
of oxygen present in the atmosphere, 
especially after electrical disturb- 
ance, with a characteristic odor. 

ozonium (o-zon'i-um), n. a fungus 
growth in cotton producing root-rot. 

ozonize ('zo-niz), v.t. to charge with 
ozone. 

ozostomia (o-zo-sto'mi-a), n. fetid 
breath caused by stomach trouble. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




p 



', the sixteenth letter of the English 
alphabet; the chemical symbol for 
phosphorus. 

pabulum (pab'ti-lum), n. food; nour- 
ishment. 

paca (pak'a), n. a small South Ameri- 
can rodent of a dark-brown color 
spotted with white. 

pace (pas), n. a step; manner of 
walking; length of one's movement 
of the foot in walking; a linear 
measure, varying from 30 in. to 60 
in.; rate of progress; an amble: v.t. 
to measure by steps or paces: v.i. 
to walk slowly or deliberately; amble. 

pacha. Same as pasha. 

pachycarpous (pak-i-kar'pus), adj. 
having a very thick pericarp. 

pachydactyl (-dak'til), n. an animal 
with thick toes. 

pachydermatous (-der'ma-tus), adj. 
thick-skinned. 

pachyotous (pak-i-6'tus), adj. having 
abnormally thick ears. 

pacific (pa-sif'ik), adj. peace-making; 
conciliatory; mild; peaceful. 

pacification (-i-ka'shun), n. the act 
of peace-making; conciliation. 

pacificator (-sif'i-ka-ter), n. sl peace- 
maker. 

pacifist (pas'si-fist), n. one who op- 
poses war. 

pacify ('i-fi)-, v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pacified, 
p.pr. pacifying], to calm or appease. 

pack (pak), n. a large bundle tied 
up for carriage; load; burden; set 
of playing-cards; great number or 
quantity; gang; weight of wool = 
240 lbs.; number of dogs kept for 
hunting. 

package ('aj), n. a bundle or bale of 
goods. 



packet ('et), n. a small pack, or par- 
cel; a vessel sailing between two 
or more ports for the conveyance 
of passengers, mails, and merchan- 
dise at regular intervals. 

paco (pa'ko), n. the. alpaca; an earthy 
brown oxide of iron containing 
small quantities of native silver. 

pact (pakt), n. an agreement. 

padding ('ing), n. material used for 
stuffing; the act of impregnating 
cloth with a mordant; inserted mat- 
ter for filling out a newspaper or 
magazine article, &c. 

paddle ('1), v.i. to row slowly; play 
in the water: v.t. to propel by pad- 
dle or oar; to spank: n. a short 
broad oar; an oar blade; one of the 
floats for propelling a steamfehip. 

paddle-wheel (-hwel), n. a wheel 
with floats for propelling a steam- 
ship. 

paddock ('uk), n. a small field or 
enclosure adjacent to a stable for 
horses, &c. ; a large toad or frog. 

padlock (pad'lok), n. a lock with a 
link to pass through a staple or eye: 
v.t. to fasten with a padlock. 

padrone (pa-dro'na), n. a person, 
usually an Italian, who owns barrel 
organs and lets them out on hire; 
in Italy, a contractor for labor. 

paean (pe'an), n. a triumphal song. 

paedobaptism (-do-bap 'tizm), n. in- 
fant baptism. Also pedobaptism. 

paeony. Same as peony. 

pagan (pa'gan), n. a heathen; idolater: 
adj. heathen ; idolatrous. 

paganism (-izm), n. heathenism; 
idolatry. 

page (paj), n. a boy attending on a 
person of distinction; a boy in liv- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(523) 



PAGEANT 



524 



PALE 



ery; a male attendant on a legisla- 
tive body; one side of the leaf of a 
book; a book or writing; episode: 
v.t. to mark or number in pages. 

pageant (paj'ent), n. a theatrical 
show or spectacle; anything merely 
. showy. 

pageantry (-ri), n. ostentatious dis- 
play. 

pagination (-na/shun), n. the mark- 
ing, numbering, or making, into 
pages. Also paging. 

pagoda (pa-go 'da), n. a Buddhist 
temple; a Hindu idol temple; an 
idol; a gold or silver coin current 
in India. 

paidology (pa-dol'o-ji), n. scientific 
child study. 

pail (pal), n. an open vessel of wood 
or metal furnished with a handle 
for carrying water, &c. 

pain (pan), n. physical or mental 
suffering; penalty: pi. diligent ef- 
fort; throes of parturition: v.t. to 
cause physical or mental suffering; 
render uneasy. 

paint (pant), v.t. to represent by 
delineation and colors; depict; be- 
smear or cover with color; dye: v.i. 
to practice painting; rouge: n. a 
coloring substance or pigment; rouge. 

painter t'er), n. one whose occupa- 
tion is to paint; an artist who is 
skilled in depicting subjects in col- 
ors; a rope for fastening a boat. 

painter's-colic ('erz-kol'ik), n. lead- 
poisoning. 

painting ('ing), n. the act, art, or 
occupation of laying on colors; the 
representation of objects by delinea- 
tion and colors; a picture; vivid 
verbal description. 

pair (par), n. two things of a kind, 
similar in form, suited to each other, 
and used together; couple; married 
couple: v.t. to join in couples: v.i. to 
be joined in couples; suit or be 
adapted to each other; in a legisla- 
tive body, to offset votes, or agree to 
a pair-off. 

pair-off ('of), n. an agreement by 
two members on opposing sides of a 



measure to abstain from voting 
when the votes if cast would neu- 
tralize each other. 

pajamas (pa-ja'maz), n.pl. loose 
trousers of silk, &c; a kind of 
sleeping costume. 

pal (pal), n. an intimate friend; ac- 
complice. 

palace (pal'as), n. the residence of 
a sovereign or bishop; a magnificent 

, house or building. 

paladin ('a-din), n. a knight-errant, 
especially one of the knights of 
Charlemagne or Arthur. 

palaeo, a prefix meaning ancient, as 
paleolithic, adj. noting the earliest 
division of the Stone Age. 

palaeontology. Same as paleontology. 

palaeozoic. Same as paleozoic. 

palaestra. Same as palestra. 

palanquin (pal-an-ken'), n. in India 
and China, a covered conveyance for 
one passenger borne on the shoulders 
of men. 

palatable ('a-ta-bl), adj. agreeable 
to the taste; savory. 

palatal ('a-tal), adj. pertaining to, 
or uttered by means of, the palate: 
n. a letter pronounced by means of 
the palate. 

palate ('at), n. the roof of the mouth; 
taste or relish. 

palatial (pa-la'shal),- adj. pertaining 
to, or suitable to, a palace; royal. 

palatinate (-lat'i-nat) , n. the province 
or dignity of a palatine. 

palatine ('a-tin), adj. invested with 
royal privileges and rights, as cer- 
tain counties: n. one who is thus 
invested. 

palaver (pa-la'ver), n. a public con- 
ference [African]; superfluous or idle 
talk; chatter: v.t. to talk over; 
deceive by words: v.i. to confer; 
chatter. 

pale (pal), adj. not of a fresh or ruddy 
complexion; wan; wanting in color; 
of a faint luster: n. a narrow board 
used in fencing; a pointed stake; 
space inclosed by rails; limit; dis- 
trict or territory: v.i. to turn pale: 
v.t. to inclose with, or as with, pales. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue hut; think, then. 



. 



PALEOBIOLOGIST 



525 



PALM SUNDAY 



paleobiologist (pa'le-o-bi-ol'o-jist), n. 
one who studies fossil organisms with 
reference to the life-histories of 
the animals they represent. 

paleolatry (pa-le-ol'a-tri), n. great 
regard for the antique, particularly 
in art and letters. 

paleomachic (pa/le-o-mak'ik), adj. 
having reference to ancient warfare. 

paleontologist (pa-le-on-tol'o-jist) , 
n. one who is skilled in paleontology. 

paleontology ('o-ji), n. that branch 
of geology which treats of fossil re- 
mains. 

palmoscopy (pal-mos'ko-pi), n. ob- 
servation and study of the pulse as 
a guide to the interpretation of 
^bodily conditions. 

Paleozoic (-o-zo'ik), adj. noting the 
fossiliferous strata in which the 
earliest forms of life appear. 

palestra (pa-les'tra), n. a place for 
wrestling or gymnastic exercises, v 

palette (pal'et), n. a thin oval wood 
or porcelain plate for mixing and 
holding colors. 

palfrey (pawrfri), n. a small saddle- 
horse for a lady's use. 

Pali (pa'le), n. the sacred language 
of the Buddhists, allied to Sanskrit. 

palimpsest (pal'imp-sest), n. a parch- 
ment manuscript which, after the 
writing upon it has been partially 
erased, is used again, the former 
writing being more or less discernible. 

palindrome ('in-drom), n. a word, 
verse, or sentence which reads the 
same backward or forward, as 
"Able was I ere I saw Elba." 

paling ('ing), n. a fence constructed 
of pales; materials for a fence of 
pales. 

palingenesis (pal-in-jen'i-sis), n. 
new birth or regeneration; inherited 
evolution. 

palisade (-i-sad'), n. a fence or forti- 
fication formed of stakes driven into 
the ground and pointed at the top; 
v.t. to inclose or fortify with stakes. 

palish (pal'ish), adj. somewhat pale. 

pall (pawl), n. a cloak or mantle; a 
kind of scarf of lamb's wool sent by 



the Pope to an archbishop on his 
consecration (also pallium); a cof- 
fin covering: v.i. to become insipid; 
lose strength: v.t. to make insipid. 

palladium (pal-a-di'um), n. any safe- 
guard of a liberty, or privilege: 
from the statue of Pallas at Troy, 
said , to have fallen from heaven, and 
on the preservation of which de- 
pended the safety of the city; a 
rare greyish metal found with plat- 
inum. 

pallet ('et), n. a pallette; a name 
for various tools used in gilding, 
pottery, horology, &c; a small piece 
of the mechanism of a watch; a 
small rough bed. 

palliate ('i-at), v.t. to excuse or cover 
over; extenuate; lessen or abate. 

palliation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
palliating; extenuation; mitigation. 

pallid ('id), adj. pale; wan. 

pallium. See under pall. 

pall-mall (pel-mel'), n. a game for- 
merly played with a ball which was 
driven through an iron ring by a 
mallet. 

pallor (pal'er), n. paleness. 

palm (pam), n. the inner part of the 
hand; a linear measure of varying 
length (from 3 to 4 in.); a tree of 
various species of the order Palmar; 
a palm branch symbolical of victory 
or rejoicing: v.t. to conceal in the 
palm of the hand; impose upon by 
fraud (with of) . 

palmate (pal'mat), adj. resembling a 
hand with the fingers outstretched; 
web-footed. 

palmer (pam'er), n. a pilgrim to the 
Holy Land who carried a palm 
branch as a token of his pilgrimage. 

palmetto (pal-met 'o), n. a species of 
palm-tree, the cabbage-tree palm. 

palmist (pal'mist), adj. pertaining 
to palmistry. 

palmistry ('mis-tri), n. the pretend- 
ed art of foretelling the future by 
examination of the lines and marks 
of a person's hand. 

Palm Sunday (pam sun'da), n. the 
Sunday next before Easter, held in 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PALMWISE 



526 



PANOPTICON 



commemoration of Christ's trium- 
phal entry into Jerusalem. 

palm wise (pam'wiz), adv. having the 
palm of the hand uppermost. 

palmy (pam'i), adj. abounding in 
palms; nourishing; prosperous. 

palpability (pal-pa-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being palpable. 
Also palpableness. 

palpable ('p&-bl), adj. easily per- 
ceived; obvious. 

palpitate ('pi-tat), v.i. to beat or throb. 

palpitation (-ta'shun), n. abnormal 
beating or throbbing of the heart. 

palsied (pawl'zid), p.adj. affected 
with palsy. 

palsy _('zi), n. paralysis: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
palsied, p.pr. palsying], to paralyze. 

palter ('ter), v.i. to trifle; act insin- 
cerely. 

paltry _ ('tri), adj. worthless; con- 
temptible. 

pampas (pam'p&z), n.pl. in South 
America, vast treeless plains cov- 
ered with luxuriant pasture. 

pamper > ('per), v.t. to feed luxurious- 
ly;' satiate. 

pampero (-pa'ro), n. a strong south- 
west wind that blows across the 
pampas of South America. 

pamphlet ('net), n. a small unbound 
book, usually on some current topic, 
of one or more sheets stitched to- 
gether. 

pamphleteer {-er'), n. a writer of 
pamphlets: v.i. to write pamphlets. 

pan, a prefix meaning all, universal, 
as pan- Anglican : n. a broad shallow 
vessel; that part of an old flint- 
lock which held the priming. 

panacea (pan-a-se'a), n. a universal 
remedy or medicine. 

panada (pa-na'da), n. a bread pulp; 
bread soaked in sweetened boiled 
water and flavored with nutmeg. 

Pan- America (pan-a-mer'i-ka), n. 
a political term for all the American 
republics. 

pancake ('kak), n. a thin cake of 
batter fried. 

pancratic (-krat'ik), adj. excelling 
in gymnastic exercises: from an 



athletic contest (pancratium) of the 
ancient Greeks. 

pancreas ('kre-is), n. a large fleshy 
gland (the sweetbread) situated 
under and behind the stomach se- 
creting a fluid that assists in the 
process of digestion. 

Pandean (-de'an), adj. pertaining to 
the god Pan, the tutelary deity of 
shepherds. 

Pandean-pipes (-pips), n.pl. a mu- 
sical wind instrument consisting of 
short reeds of varying length blown 
by the breath. Also Pan's-pipes. 

Pandect ('dekt), n. the digest of the 
Roman or civil law. 

pandemonium (-de-mo'ni-um), n. a 
place or abode of general disorder. 

pander ('der), v.i. to act as an agent 
for the gratification of the passions. 

pandit, another form of pundit. 

pane (pan), n. a square of glass; a 
piece in variegated work. 

panegyric (-e-jir'ik), n. an ovation 
or eulogy in praise of some person 
or event; encomium. 

panegyrize ('e-jir-iz), v.t. to praise 
or commend highly: v.i. to bestow 
praise. 

panel ('el), n. a piece of board, the 
edges of which are inserted in a 
frame; a thin board on which a pic- 
ture is painted; a schedule contain- 
ing the names of persons summoned 
to serve as jurors; the jury; in 
Scots law, the prisoner at the bar: 
v.t. to form with panels. 

pang (pang), n. a violent sudden 
pain; agony, mental or physical. 

panic ('ik), n. a sudden fright; a 
kind of millet^ adj. suddenly and 
violently alarming: said of fear. 

pannier ('ni-er), n. one of two bas- 
kets suspended across the back of a 
horse, for carrying market produce. 

panoplied ('o-plid), adj. furnished 
with a complete suit of armor. 

panoply ('o-pli), n. a complete suit 
of armor. 

panopticon (-op'ti-kon), n. a prison 
so arranged that the warder on 
duty can see all the prisoners with- 



ate, arm, lisk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PANOTYPE 



527 



PARA 



out himself being visible; a kind of 
polytechnic; a room for the exhibi- 
tion of novelties, &c. 

panotype (pan'o-tip), n. a photo- 
graph produced by the collodion 
process. 

panpathy (pan'pa-thi), n. a feeling or 
sentiment shared by all people. 

panplasm (pan'plazm), n. the theory 
that all portions of the living cell 
and all tissues of an animal have a 
sTiare in the specific bodily functions, 
and not merely the cell nucleus or 
any other isolated structure. 

panorama (-o-ram'a), n. a picture', 
viewed from a central standpoint, of 
several scenes unrolled and made to 
pass before the spectator. 

panoramic (-ram'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or like, a panorama. 

Panslavic (-slav'ik), adj. pertaining 
to all the Slavic races or Panslavism. 

Panslavism ('izm), n. a Russian 
movement for the political union of 
all the Slavic races. 

pansy ('zi), n. the heart's-ease. 

pant Cp&nt), v.i. to breathe rapidly; 
desire ardently (with for or after) : 
n. rapid breathing: pi. abbreviation 
for pantaloons. 

pantagraph. Same as pantograph. 

pantalettes (pan-ta-lets'), n.pl. loose 
drawers for women or children. 

pantaloon ('a-loon), n. a buffoon in 
a pantomime: pi. a pair of tight 
trousers. 

pantamorphic (-mor'fik), adj. tak- 
ing all shapes. 

pantheism ('the-izm), n. the doc- 
trine that the universe in its totality 
is God. 

pantheist (-ist), n. a believer in 
pantheism. 

Pantheon ('the-on), n. a temple 
dedicated to all the Gods, especially 
that of ancient Rome dedicated to 
Mars and Jupiter. 

panther ('ther), n. sl fierce feline 
carnivorous animal. Fern, pantheress. 

pantile ('til), n. sl curved tile. 

pantograph ('to-graf), n. an instru- 
ment for copying drawings, designs, 



&c, on an enlarged or reduced scale. 
Also pantagraph. 

pantology (-tol'o-ji), n. * universal 
knowledge. 

pantometer (-tom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring angles, ele- 
vations, distances, &c. 

pantomime ('to-mim), n. a repre- 
sentation in dumb show; a popular 
Christmastide theatrical entertain- 
ment with music, dancing, &c. 

pantry ('tri), n. a provision closet. 

pap (pap), n. soft food for infants; 
a nipple, teat, or breast; pulp of 
fruit. 

Papacy (pa'pa-si), n. the office, dig- 
nity, or authority, of the Pope; 
popes collectively; Roman Catholic 
religion. 

Papal ('pal), adj. pertaining to the 
Pope, or the Church of Rome. 

papaw (-paw'), n. an East Indian 
fruit tree. [See pawpaw.] 

papeterie (pap'e-tre), n. a case con- 
taining paper and writing materials. 

papier-mache (pap-ya'ma-sha'), n. 
paper pulp molded and made into 
trays, &c, and japanned. 

papilla (-pil'a), n. [pi. papillae ('e)j, a 
small nipple: pi. minute elevations 
on the tongue, &c. 

papillary (pap'il-er-i), adj. pertaining 
to a nipple or the papulae; covered 
with papillae. 

papoose (-poos'\ n. a young child 
[North American Indian]. 

pappus (pap 'us), n. the feathery sub- 
stance on the seed of certain plants; 
the calyx of a composite flower. 

pappy ('i), adj. resembling pap. 

paprika (pa-pre'ka), n. a pepper 
resembling cayenne, but less fiery; 
introduced by the Hungarians, who 
are exceedingly fond of it. 

papyrus (pa-pi'rus), n. [pi. papyri 
('r!) ], a species of Egyptian reed, 
from which the ancients made pa- 
per; a manuscript on papyrus. 

par (par), n. state of equality; nomi- 
nal and market value. 

para, a prefix meaning beyond, beside, 
divergence, as paracentric. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PARABLE 



528 



PARAPH 



parable (par'a-bl), n. an allegorical 
method of conveying instruction by 
means of a fable or short fictitious 
narrative; a comparison or similitude. 

parabola (-ab'o-la), n. one of the 
conic sections formed by the inter- 
section of the cone by a plane par- 
allel to one of its sides. 

parabolic (-a-bol'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or formed like, a parabola; 
allegorical. Also parabolical. 

paraboloid (pa-rab'o-loid), n. a solid 
generated by the revolution of a 
parabola on its axis. 

parachute ('a-shoot), n. an umbrella- 
shaped apparatus for descending 
from a balloon. 

Paraclete ('a-klet), n. a title of the 
Holy Ghost, the Comforter, and Ad- 
vocate. 

parade (pa-rad'), n. ostentatious dis- 
play; show; military display; place 
of assembly for exercising troops: 
v.t. to marshal in military order; 
make a display of: v.i. to exhibit, 
or walk about ostentatiously. 

paradigm (par'a-dim), n. an exam- 
ple or model; example of the gram- 
matical inflection of a word. 

paradise ('a-dis), n. the garden of 
Eden; any place of happiness; 
heaven. 

paradox ('a-doks), n. something ap- 
parently absurd or incredible, yet 
true; a tenet contrary to received 
opinions. 

paradoxical ('i-kal), adj. of the na- 
ture of a paradox. 

paraffin ('a-fin), n. a white crystal- 
line substance obtained by distilla- 
tion from wood, shale, &c. 

paragoge (-go'je), n. the addition of 
a letter or syllable to the end of a 
word. 

paragon ('a-gon), n. something of 
extraordinary excellence; model or 
pattern of perfection: v.t. to equal 
or compare. 

paragraph ('a-graf), n. a small sub- 
division of a connected discourse; a 
short passage; a reference mark 



(If); an item of newspaper intelli- 
gence. 

parallax ('al-laks), n. the apparent 
angular shifting of an object caused 
by change in the position of the ob- 
server, especially the difference in 
the apparent position of a heavenly 
body and its true place. 

parallel ('al-lel), adj. lying side by 
side; extended in the same direction 
and equi-distant at all points; hav- 
ing the same direction or tendency; 
corresponding: n. a line equidistant 
at all points from another line; re- 
semblance or likeness: pi. trenches 
in front of a fortified place parallel 
to the defenses: v.t. to place so as 
to be parallel; correspond to; equal. 

parallelism (-izm), n. the state or 
quality of being parallel; corre- 
spondence. 

parallelogram ('o-gram), n. a plane 
4-sided figure whose opposite sides 
are parallel and equal. 

parallelepiped (-e-pip'ed), n. a reg- 
ular solid figure bounded by 6 paral- 
lelograms, of which the opposite 
pairs are equal and parallel. 

paralysis (pli-ral'i-sis), n. loss of the 
power of sensation of one or more 
parts of the body; palsy. 

paralytic (par-a-lit'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, affected by, or inclined 
to, paralysis: n. one who is affected 
with paralysis. 

paralyze ('a-llz), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
paralyzed, p.pr. paralyzing], to af- 
fect with paralysis; unnerve. 

paramount (par'a-mount), adj. su- 
perior to all others; eminent or 
chief. 

paramour (par'a-mor), n. an illicit 
lover. 

paranoia (par-a-noi'a), n. a kind of 
monomania. 

paranoiac (par-a-noi'ak), n. one who 
has paranoia; a monomaniac. 

parapet ('a-pet), n. a wall breast- 
high; a rampart to protect troops 
from the fire of an enemy. 

paraph (par 'af ) , n . a flourish ; addition 
to the signature made by a flourish 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PARAPHERNALIA 



529 



PARENCHYMA 



of the pen; which, during the Middle 
Ages provided against forgery. 

paraphernalia (-fer-na/li-a), n.pl. 
the apparel, jewels, &c, of a wife 
which she possesses over and above 
her dowry; ornaments of dress gen- 
erally; equipment; trappings. 

paraphrase ('a-fraz), n. a free transla- 
tion or explanation; a hymn based 
on some Scriptural passage: v.t. 
make a free translation of; ex- 
plain in many words: v.i. to make a 
paraphrase. 

paraphrastic (-fras'tik), adj. free 
or clear in explanation; of the na- 
ture of a paraphrase. Also para- 
phrastical. 

paraplegia (-ple'ji-a), n. paralysis 
of the lower half of the body. 

parasite ('a-sit), n. one who fre- 
quents the table of a rich man and 
gains his favor by flattery ; a hanger- 
on; an animal or plant nourished by 
another to which it attaches itself. 

parasitic (-sit'ik), adj. of the nature 
of a parasite; meanly servile or 
fawning; living at the expense of 
another animal or plant. Also para- 
sitical. 

•asitism ('a-sit-izm), n. the state 
or behavior of a parasite. 
irasol ('a-sol), n. a lady's sunshade. 
'astatic (par-a-stat'ik), adj. con- 
cerning the seeming minicry of one 
species of animal or plant by another. 
'asyphilis (par-a-sif'i-lis), n. a 
diseased condition believed to be 
due to the germ of syphilis but dif- 
fering from typical cases of the dis- 



r at axis (-a-taks'is) , n. a loose ar- 
rangement of sentences: opposed to 
syntax. 

parathesis (r>'-rath'e-sis), n. appo- 
sition; in Tyfhting or writing brack- 
eted matter. 

parathyroids (par-a-thi'roids), n. 
small but highly important glands 
lying on either side of the thyroid. 

pari mutuel (pa-re' mu-tu-el'), n. a 
French system of betting in which 
the winners divide the stakes. 



parboil (par'boil), v.t. to boil par- 
tially. . 

parbuckle ('buk-1), n. a rope formed 
into a double sling for hoisting 
casks, &c: v.t. to hoist by means of 
a parbuckle. 

Parcae ('se), n.pl. in classic mythol- 
ogy, the three Fates, Clotho, Lache- 
sis, and Atropos, who controlled the 
destiny of every mortal. 

parcel ('sel), n. a small bundle or 
package; little part: v.t. [pt. & p.p. 
parceled, p.pr. parceling], to divide 
into parts. 

parceling - (-ing), n. long narrow 
strips of tarred canvas to prevent 
friction. 

parcels-post (par'sels-post), n. a 
government mailing system for bul- 
ky parcels in which the postal charge 
is regulated according to distance as 
well as weight. 

parcenary ('sen-a-ri), n. co-heirship. 

parcener ('sen-er), n. a co-heir. 

parch (parch), v.t. to scorch; burn 
slightly; dry to excess. 

parchesi (par-che'si), n. an Asiatic 
game played by two or four persons 
with colored disks on a board. 

parchment ('ment), n. the skin of a 
sheep, goat, &c, dressed and pre- 
pared for writing upon; a deed: 
adj. made of, or like, parchment. 

pard (pard), n. a leopard; any spot- 
ted beast. 

pardon (par'dn), v.t. to forgive; ab- 
solve: n. forgiveness; absolution; 
official remission of a penalty. 

pardoner (-er), n. one who pardons; 
formerly, a cleric who was licensed 
to sell Papal indulgences. 

pare (par), v.t. to cut away little 
by little; reduce or diminish. 

paregoric (par-e-gor'ik), n. a tinc- 
ture of opium to assuage pain: adj. 
mitigating pain. 

pareira (pa-ra'ra), n. the root of a 
Brazilian plant, used in medicine. 

parenchyma (-reng'ki-ma), n. the 
soft cellular tissue or pith of plants; 
the soft tissue of the glandular or- 
gans of the body. 



ate, arm, 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; -note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PARENCHYMOUS 



530 



PAROXYSMAL 



parenchymous ('ki-mus), adj. per- 
taining to, or like, parenchyma: 
soft; spongy. Also parenchymatous. 

parentage (-aj), n. extraction; birth. 

parental (-ren'tal), adj. pertaining 
to, or becoming, parents; fond. 

parenthesis (pa-ren'the-sis), n. [pi. 
parentheses (-sez) ], an explanatory 
word or clause inserted in a sen- 
tence, which is grammatically com- 
plete without it: indicated by the 
marks ( ) . 

parenthetical (par-en-thet'i-kal) , 

adj. expressed in a parenthesis; us- 
ing parentheses. 

paresis (par'e-sis), n. insanity with 
general motor paralysis; softemng 
of the brain. 

parhelion (par-he'li-on), n. a mock 
sun; a bright light seen near the 
sun. 

pariah (pa'ri-a), n. one of the low- 
est class of Hindus without caste: 
, hence an outcast. 

Parian (pa'ri-an), adj. pertaining to, 
or found in, the Isle of Paros, famed 
for its marble: n. sl fine porcelain 
used for statuettes, &c. 

parietal (pa-ri'e-tal), adj. pertain- 
ing to a wall or side; forming the 
wall or side: said of the large lat- 
eral bones of the head; growing 
from the wall or side of another 
organ. 

parish (par'ish), n. an ecclesiastical 
district under the particular charge 
of priest, clergyman, or minister; a 
district having its own officers for 
the care of the poor of such a dis- 
trict; a congregation: adj. pertain- 
ing to, or maintained by, a parish. 

parishioner ('on-er), n. one who 

belongs to a parish. 
Parisian (pa-riz'i-an), n. a native 

or inhabitant of Paris. 
pari, a prefix meaning equal. 
parisyllabic (par-i-sil-ab'ik), adj. 
having an equal number of syllables. 
parity ('i-ti), n. equality; likeness. 
park (park), n. a large inclosed piece 
of ground surrounding a man- 
sion, or used as a public place for 



recreation; the train of artillery be 
longing to an army division; an artil 
lery encampment: v.t. to inclose, o 
collect, in a park; compact. 

parlance (par'lans), n. conversation! 
idiom of conversation. 

parley ('li), n. a conference, especial-' 
ly with an enemy: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
parleyed, p.pr. parleying], to hold! 
a conference, especially with an 
enemy with a view to peace. 

Parliament ('li-ment), n. the su- 
preme legislative assembly of Great ' 
Britain and Ireland, consisting of ■ 
the Sovereign, the House of Lords,' 
and the House of Commons. 

parliamentarian (-men-ta/ri-an), 
one who is versed in parliamentary 
law and usages. 

parliamentary ('ta-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, enacted by, or in accordance with! 
the usages of, Parliament. 

parlor ('ler), n. reception room; 
drawing room. 

Parnassian (-nas'i-an), adj. pertain-( 
ing to Mt. Parnassus in Greece, the) 
abode of the Muses; of, or pertain-* 
ing to poetry. 

parochial (pa-ro'ki-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a parish; narrow-minded. 

parodist (par'o-dist), n. one who 
parodies. 

parody ('o-di), n. [pi. parodies 
(-diz) ], a burlesque imitation of a 
serious poem: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. par- 
odied, p.pr. parodying], to convert 
into a parody. 

parole (pa-rol'), n. a word of honor, 
especially one given by a prisoner 
of war that in return for conditional 
freedom he will return to custody 
on a specified day; the daily pass- 
word in a camp or garrison. 

paronymous (-on'i-mus), adj. of the 
same derivation,, but different in 
spelling and meaning. 

paroquet. Same as parrakeet. 

paroxysm ('oks-izm), n. a sudden 
spasm, or fit of acute pain; sudden 
action or convulsion. 

paroxysmal (-iz'mal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or occurring in, paroxysms. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boonj 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PARQUET, PARQUETTE 531 



PARTITE 



parquet, parquette (par-kef), n. 
the floor space of a theater between 
the orchestra-rail and dress-circle. 

parquetry ('ket-ri), n. mosaic wood- 
work for floors. 

parr (par), n. a young salmon. 

parrakeet '(par'a-ket), n. a small 
long-tailed parrot. Also paraquet, 
paroquet. _ , 

parricidal ('i-sld-al), adj. pertaining 
to parricide. 

parricide ('i-sld), n. the murderer 
of a father or mother; murder of a 
parent. 

parrot ('ot), n. a tropical bird with 
a hooked bill, characterized by its 
brilliant plumage and its power of 
imitating the human voice. 

parrot-fish (-fish), n. a billliant 
hued fish of the tropical seas. 

parry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. parried, 
p.pr. parrying], to ward off, as a 
blow. 

parse (pars), v.t. to resolve by gram- 
matical rules a sentence into its 
component parts, and show the re- 
lation of the various parts of speech. 

Parsee (par'se), n. a descendant of 
the old Persians, holding the Zoroas- 
trian faith, and now living in India. 
Also Parsi. 

Parseeism (-izm), n. the religion of 
the Parsees. Also Parsiism. 

Parsi. Same as Parsee. 

parsimonious (-si-mo 'ni-us), adj. 
frugal to excess; miserly; penurious. 

parsimony ('si-mon-i), n. closeness 
in expenditure; niggardliness. 

parsley (pars'li), n. a culinary herb. 

parsnip ('nip), n. an edible plant 
with a carrot-like root. 

parson (par'sn), n. the incumbent of 
a parish; a clergyman. 

parsonage (-aj), n. an ecclesiastical 
benefice; the residence of an incum- 
bent. 

partake (par-tak') v.i. [p.t. par- 
took, p.p. partaken, p.pr. partaking], 
to take a part or share in common 
with others. 

parterre (-tar'), n. a series of flower 



beds arranged ornamentally, with in- 
tervening spaces of gravel or turf. 

parthenogenesis (-then-o-jen'e-sis), 
reproduction of animals or plants 
by means of unimpregnated germs 
or ova. 

Parthenon ('the-non), n. the temple 
of Athene (Minerva) at Athens. 

partial ('shal), adj. inclined to favor 
one side or party; biased. 

partiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being partial. 

participant (-tis'i-pant), adj. shar- 
ing: n. one who shares or partakes. 

participate ('i-pat), v.i. to partake: 
v.t. to have part of; share. 

participation (-pa/shun), n. the act 
of sharing something with others; 
division into shares; companionship. 

participator ('i-pa-ter), n. one who 
partakes with another. 

participial (-ti-sip'i-al), adj. having 
the nature of a participle. 

participle ('ti-si-pl), n. a word 
which partakes of the nature oi a 
verb and of an adjective. 

particle ('i-kl), n. an atom; the 
smallest part into which a body can 
be divided; a word non-inflected, or 
not used alone; a crumb of conse- 
crated bread. 

parti-colored (par'ti-kul-erd), adj. 
having various colors. 

particular (-tik'u-lar), adj. distinct 
from others; individual; peculiar or 
special; characteristic; exclusive; 
exact; minute. 

particularize ('u-lar-Iz), V.t. to give 
the particulars of: v.i. be attentive 
to single things or defails. 

parting ('ing), p. adj. separating; 
given when separating: n. division; 
separating; a taking leave; a divi- 
sion in strata. 

partisan (par'ti-zan), n. an adher- 
ent of a party or faction; a kind of 
halberd: adj. pertaining to, or 
biased in favor of, a party, &c. 

partisanship (-ship), n. the state 
of being a partisan. 

partite ('tit), adj. divided almost to 
the base. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PARTITION 



532 



PASTE 



partition (-tish'un), n. the act or 
state of being divided; separation; 
distribution; a dividing wall; part 
where separation is made: v.t. di- 
vide into shares; divide by walls. 

partitive ('ti-tiv), adj. noting a 
part: n. a word that denotes a part 
or expresses partition. 

partner ('ner), n. one who is asso- 
ciated with another, especially in a 
business, &c; an associate; one who 
dances with another; a husband 
or wife. 

partnership (-ship), n. the state of 
being a partner; union of two or 
more persons in the same business 
or profession. 

partridge (par'trij), n. a well-known 
gallinaceous bird of the genus 
Perdix, preserved as game. 

parturition (-tu-rish'un), n. the act 
of bringing forth young. 

party ('ti), n. .[pi. parties ('tiz) ], 
a number of persons united together 
for a particular purpose; faction; 
one concerned in an affair; cause or 
side; a select company; single indi- 
vidual spoken of. 

party-wall (-wawl), n. a common 
wall separating two tenements. 

parvenu (par've-nu), n. a person who 
just attained riches; an upstart. 

paschal (pas'kal), adj. pertaining to 
the feast of the Passover or Easter. 

pasha (pash'aw), n. a Turkish title 
given to high officials. Also pacha. 

pashalic (-lik), n. the jurisdiction of 
a pasha. Also pachalic. 

pasquinade (pas-kwin-ad'), n. a lam- 
poon or rude satire: v.t. to lampoon 
or satirize. 

passable ('a-bl), adj. that may be 
passed, traveled, or navigated; ca- 
pable of bearing inspection; toler- 
able. 

passage ('aj),~ n. the act of passing; 
course or journey; entrance or exit; 
right of passing; legal enactment; 
single clause or portion of a book; 
migratory habits. 

pass-book ('book), n. a book which 
passes between a merchant and his 



customer and contains the entries 
of goods sold on credit; a bank-book 
held by the depositor. 
passenger ('en-jer), n. one who trav- 
els in or on a conveyance; one who 



passe (-a/), adj. past; worn out or 
faded [French]. 

passerine ('er-in), adj. pertaining to 
the Passeres, the order of birds 
which includes the swallows and 
sparrows. 

passing (pas'ing), p. adj. departing: 
adv. exceedingly: n. the act of going 
by; transit. 

passing-bell (-bel), n. a bell tolled 
immediately after the death of a 
person. 

passion (pash'un), n. violent agita- 
tion of mind in anger; strong deep 
feeling or excitement; love; ardor; 
intense desire. 

Passion, n. the sufferings of Christ 
in his last agonies. 

passionate (-at), adj. moved by pas- 
sion; angry; excitable. 

passion-flower (-flou-er), n. a flower 
of the genus Passiflora. 

Passion play (pla), n. a dramatie 
representation of the Passion of the 
Saviour. 

Passion Sunday (sun 'da), n. the 
5th Sunday in Lent. 

Passion week _ (wek), n. the week 
following Passion Sunday. 

passive ('iv), adj. suffering without 
resisting; not acting; submissive 

passivist, n. a non-resistant. 

passive verb (verb), n. that form of 
a verb in which the object of the 
active verb becomes the subject. 

Passover (pas'o-ver), n. a Jewish 
feast commemorative of the passing 
of the destroying angel over the 
houses of the Israelites when he 
slew the first-born of the Egyptians. 

passport ('port), n. a license to 
travel in a foreign country. 

password ('werd), n. a word by 
means of which friends are distin- 
guished from strangers or enemies. 

paste (past), n. a mixture of flour. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue hut; think, then. 



PASTEBOARD 



533 



PATHOS 



&c, with water, used as a cement; 
dough prepared for pies, &c. ; a com- 
position for making artificial gems: 
v.t. to fasten with paste. 

pasteboard ('bord), n. thick stiff 
paper; a board on which dough is 
rolled. 

pastel (pas'tel), n. a colored crayon. 

paster (pas'ter), n. strip of gummed 
paper with printed matter on it. 

Pasteurize (pas'tur-iz), v.t. to sterilize 
milk by heating it to a temperature 
of 145 degrees Fahrenheit and hold- 
ing it so for half an hour. 

pastil ('til), n. a small cone of aro- 
matic paste used for fumigating a 
room; a medicated lozenge. Also 
pastille (pas-teT). 

pastime (pas'tim), n. diversion; 
sport. 

pastor ('ter), n. a clergyman or min- 
ister having spiritual charge of a 
church and congregation. 

pastoral (-al), adj. pertaining to 
shepherds, or to the care of a 
church; rural; addressed to the 
clergy of a diocese by its bishop: n. 
a kind of dramatic poem, delineating 
incidents in rural life; a bishop's 
pastoral letter. 

pastorate ('ter-at), n. the office or 
jurisdiction of a pastor. Also pas- 
torship. 

pastry (pas'tri), n. articles of food, as 
pies, &c, made of light puffy dough. 

pasturable (pas'tur-lt-bl), adj. suited 
for pasturing. 

pasturage ('tur-aj), n. the business 
of grazing cattle; pasture. 

pasture ('tur), n. land under grass 
for grazing cattle; grass for graz- 
ing: v.t. to supply with grass or 
pasture: v.i. to graze. 

pasty (past'i), ad/'.. like paste; a small 
pie of crust raised without a dish. 

patch (pach), n. a piece applied to 
cover a hole or rent; a piece in- 
serted in variegated work; a plot of 
ground: v.t. to put a patch on; 
mend clumsily. 

patchouli (pa-choo'li), n. an Indian 
plant, from the dried roots of whrcrr 



a strong odoriferous perfume is 
made. 

pate (pat), n. the head; crown of the 
head. 

pate-d e-f ois-gr as (pa'ta-de-f wa-gra') , 
n. pastry made of goose-livers, 
which have been enlarged in the 
geese by excessive feeding. Some- 
times this dish is called Strassburg 
pie. 

paten (pat'en), n. the plate used for 
the bread at the Eucharist. 

patent (pat'ent, or pa/tent), adj. ap- 
parent; open to the perusal of all; 
secured by letters patent; spreading 
widely: n. a privilege granted by 
letters patent, as a title of nobility, 
or the sole right in an invention: 
v.t. to grant or secure by letters 
patent. 

patentee (-e'), n. one who has se- 
cured a patent. 

patent-leather (-letfi-er), n. a var- 
nished or japanned leather. 

patent-yellow (-yel-o), n. a pig- 
ment or paint composed of oxide and 
chloride of lead. 

patera (pat'er-a), n. a shallow cir- 
cular dish; a flat ornament on a 
frieze. 

paterfamilias (pa-ter-fa-mil'i-as), n. 
the father of a family. 

paternal ('ter-nal), adj. pertaining 
to, or exhibiting the characteristics 
of, a father; hereditary. 

paternity (-ter-ni-ti), n. paternal 
relation; authorship. 

paternoster (pa-ter-nos'ter), n. the 
Lord's Prayer; a rosary; every 11th 
bead in a rosary. 

pathetic (pa-thet'ik), adj. affecting 
the emotions or passions; touching. 
Also pathetical. 

pathogenetic (path-o-jen-et'ik), adj. 
producing disease. 

pathogeny (pa-thoj'e-ni), n. the 
science of the origin of diseases. 

pathological (path-o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to pathology. 

pathology ('o-ji), n. the science of 
diseases. 

patnos (pa'thos), n. expression of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PATHOSOCIAL 



534 



PAVEfaENT 



deep feeling; that which excites the 
mental emotions. 

pathosocial (path-o-so'shal), adj. 
pertaining to abnormal conditions 
in society. 

patience ('shens), n. the quality of 
being patient or calmly enduring. 

patient ('shent), adj. suffering pain, 
hardship, affliction, insult, &c, with 
calmness and equanimity; continu- 
ance of labor; persevering; waiting 
with calmness: n. a person under 
medical treatment. 

patina (pat'i-na), n. the fine green 
rust with which coins, ancient 
bronzes, &c, become covered by, age, 
&c. 

patness ('nes), n. appropriateness. 

patois (pa-twa/), n. provincial dialect. 

patriarch (pa'tri-ark), n. the founder 
or head of a family; an aged man; 
in the Greek Church, a metro- 
politan dignitary of the highest rank. 

patriarchate < (-at), n. the office, 
rank, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. 

patrician (pa-trish'an), n. one of 
the senators of ancient Rome; a 
nobleman: adj. senatorial; noble. 

patrimonial (pat-ri-mo'ni-al), adj. 
inherited from ancestors. 

patrimony ('ri-mo-ni), n. an estate 
or right inherited from a father or 
one's ancestors; an ecclesiastical 
endowment or estate. 

patriot (pat'ri-, or pa'tri-ot), n. one 
who loves, and is devoted to, his 
native country and its welfare. 

patriotic (-ri-ot'ik), adj. character- 
ized by patriotism. 

patriotism ('ri-ot-izm), n. love of 
one's country. 

patristic (pa-tris'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the theology and writings of 
the fathers of the Christian Church. 
Also patristical. 

patrol (pa-trol'), n. a corporal's 
guard that marches round at night 
to preserve order; a mounted police- 
man: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. patrolled, p.pr. 
patrolling], to go round as a patrol. 

patron (pa/tron), n. a guardian or 
protector; one who has the gift of a 



benefice. Fern, patroness: adj. giv- 
ing aid or exercising guardianship; 
tutelary. 

patronage (-aj), n. special support; 
guardianship or protection; right of 
conferring a benefice. 

patronal ('tro-nal), adj. performing 
the office of a patron. 

patronize (-niz), v.t. to act as a 
patron toward; support or protect; 
frequent as a customer. 

patronymic (pat-ro-nim'ik), adj. de- 
rived from the name of an ancestor: 
n. a name derived from an ancestor. 

patroon (pa-troon'), n. a landed pro- 
prietor with manorial rights. 

patten (pat 'en), n. a wooden shoe 
with an iron ring worn under the 
soles by women as a protection 
against damp; the base of a column. 

patter ('er), v.i. to strike with a 
quick succession of fight sounds, as 
hail: n. the dialect of a class. 

pattering (-ing), p. adj. making a 
quick succession of light blows. " 

pattern ('ern), n. a model, sample, 
or specimen; anything cut out or 
formed into shape to be copied. 

patty ('i), n. a small pie. 

paucity (paw'si-ti), n. smallness of 
number or quantity. 

paunch (panch, or pawnch), n. the 
belly; the first and largest stomach 
of a ruminant. 

pauper (paw'per), n. a poor person; 
one who is supported by the poor 
rates. 

pauperize (-Iz), v.t. to reduce to 
pauperism. 

pause (pawz), n. cessation; tempo- 
rary stop; a break in writing indi- 
cated by the mark [ — ]; a mark of 
cessation in speaking; a mark [T] 
in music, indicating the continuance 
of a note or rest: v.i. to make a 
short stop; wait; hestitate. 

pave (pav), v.t. to cover or lay with 
stones, bricks, &c: as, to pave a 
street. 

pavement (pav r ment), ». a paved 
roadway or floor. 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl: 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



north, not; boon, 



PAVER 



535 



PEASANT 



payer (pa/ver), n. one whose occupa- 
tion is to lay pavements. 

pavilion (p&-vil'yun), n. an orna- 
mental dome-shaped building; a 
large tent; a temporary movable 
habitation; summer-house. 

paving (pa'ving), n. pavement. 

pavonated (pav'o-na-ted), adj. of a 
brilliant bluish green color, like the 
neck of a peacock. 

pavonine (pav'o-nin), adj. resem- 
bling the tail of a peacock; irides- 
cent: said of certain ores. 

pawl (pawl), n. a short bar to pre- 
vent the recoil of a windlass. 

pawn (pawn), n. something given as 
security for the redemption of a 
pledge; a common piece at chess: 
.t. to give in pledge. 

ibroker ('bro-ker), n. one who 
lends money on the security of goods 
)awned with him. 

iwpaw (paw'paw) n. a tree of 
the custard-apple family, common in 
the southwestern United States. 

(paks), n. a small crucifix, or a 
jrucifix engraved on a small metal 
)late kissed by worshippers. 
cwax ('waks), n. the strong ten- 
ion in the neck of animals. 
iy (pa), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. paid, p.pr. 
)aying], to discharge a debt to; 
aVe an equivalent for; compensate; 
reward; fulfil; smear with tar,, 
pitch, &c. : n. money given for serv- 
ice rendered. 

payee (-e'), n. one to whom money is 
paid. 

pay-envelop (pa'en-vel'up), n. a 
small envelop designed to hold the. 
wages of an employee. 

paymaster ('mas-ter), n. one who 
pays or from whom wages are re- 
ceived, especially an officer in the 
army or navy whose duty is to pay 
the officers and men, 

pea (pe), n. [pi. peas, or pease 
(pez) ], a leguminous plant of the 
genus Pisum and its edible seed. 

peace (pes), n. a state of rest or 
tranquillity; calm; freedom from 
war or disturbance. 



peaceable ('a-bl), adj. disposed to 
peace; calm; quiet. 

peaceful ('fool), a dj. full of peace; 
pacific; quiet. 

peace-officer (-of'i-ser), n. a justice 
of the peace or a police-officer. 

Peace Tribunal (tri-bu'nal), n. a 
name applied to the International 
Court at The Hague in Holland, 
which determines questions at issue 
between nations. 

peach (pech), n. a tree with its downy 
edible fruit: v.i. to betray one's ac- 
complices. 

peacock (peTsok), n. a gallinaceous 
bird with handsome plumage: adj. 
iridescent like the feathers of the 
peacock. 

peahen ('hen), n. a female peafowl, 
homologous to the peacock. 

pea-jacket ('jak-et), n. a seaman's 
heavy jacket. 

peak (pek), n. the sharp-pointed sum- 
mit or jutting part of a mountain 
or hill; pointed end; the leather pro- 
jection in front of a cap; the upper 
outer corner of an extended sail: v.i. 
to look pale and wan: v.t. to raise 
(a sail) obliquely to the mast. 

peakish ('ish), adj. having pale thin 
features. 

peal (pel), n. a loud sound, as of 
thunder, bells, &c; a set of musical 
bells, or the changes rung by them: 
v.i. to give forth loud or solemn 
sounds. 

pean. Same as paean. 

peanut (pe'nut), n. the ground-nut. 

pear (par), n. the juicy edible fruit 
of the pear-tree (Pyrus communis). 

pearl (perl), n. a hard, smooth, grey- 
ish-white iridescent gem found in 
the mother-of-pearl oyster; anything 
resembling a pearl or very precious; 
a white speck in the eye; a small 
size of type (see type) : adj. pertain- 
ing to, or formed of, pearls: v.t. 
to set or adorn with pearls. 

pearlash ('ash), n. an impure car- 
bonate of potash. 

peasant (pez'&nt), n. a countryman; 
rustic laborer: adj. rural; rustic. 



ate, arm, §,sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PEASE 



536 



PEDIFORM 



pease (pez), n.pl. peas collectively. 

peastone (pe'ston), ft. pise lite. 

peat (pet), n. decayed vegetable mat- 
ter resembling turf cut out of bogs: 
used as fuel. 

pebble (peb'l), ft. a roundish stone; 
transparent rock crystal used for 
spectacles, &c. 

pebbly ('li), adj. full of pebbles. 

pecan (pe-kan'), ft. a species of 
North American hickory and its 
fruit. 

peccability (pek-a-bil'i-ti), ft. the 
state of being subject to sin. 

peccable ('a-bl), adj. liable to sin. 

peccadillo (-dil'o), ft. a trifling fault. 

peccancy ('an-si), n. sinfulness. 

peccary ('H-ri), ft. a South American 
mammal allied to the hog. 

peccavi (a'vi), * (Latin, I have 
sinned), a word in colloquial use, 
expressive of contrition for the com- 
mission of a fault. 

peck (pek), n, l-4th of a bushel; 
quick sharp stroke with the beak: 
v.t. to strike with the beak; pick up 
with the beak; eat. 

pecker ('er), ft. one who pecks; a 
woodpecker. 

pectic acid ('tik as'id), ft. an acid 
found in various fruits. 

pectinate ('tin-at), adj. shaped like 
the teeth of a comb. Also pectinated. 

pectoral ('to-ral), adj. pertaining 
to, good for, or worn on, the chest: 
ft. the breastplate of the Jewish 
high-priest; a medicine for chest 
complaints; a pectoral fin. 

peculate ('u-lat), v.i. to appropriate 
public money to one's own use; em- 
bezzle. 

peculation (-la/shun), ft. the act of 
appropriating public money to one's 
own use. 

peculator ('u-la-ter), ft. one who 
peculates. 

peculiar (pe-ku'lyar), adj. one's own; 
appropriate; individual; strange: ft. 
a church or parish exempted from 
the jurisdiction of the diocese to 
which it belongs. 

peculiarity (-li-ar'i-ti), ft. [pi. pecu- 



liarities (-tiz) ], something peculiar 
or characteristic. 

peculiarly ('lyar-li), adv. in a pecu- 
liar manner. 

pecuniarily ('ni-ar-i-li), adv. as re- 
gards money. 

pecuniary ('ni-ar-i), adj. pertaining to, 
or consisting of, money; monetary. 

pedagogic (ped-a-goj'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to a pedagogue or to the science 
of teaching. Also pedagogical. 

pedagogics ('iks), ft. the science of 
teaching. 

pedagogue ('a-gog), ft. a schoolmas- 
ter; pedant. 

pedagogy ('a-go-ji), ft. pedagogics. 

pedal (ped'al), adj. pertaining to a 
foot: ft. a key or lever attached to 
a musical instrument and moved by 
the foot, to modify the swell or 
tone. 

pedant ('ant), n. one who makes an 
ostentatious display of his learning. 

pedantic (pe-dan'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characterized by, ped- 
antry. Pedantical. 

pedantry ('an-tri), ft. ostentatious 
display of learning. 

pedate ('at), adj. palmate, with the 
two lateral sections lengthened and 
lobed. 

peddle (1), v.i. to travel about selling 
small wares;- be busy about trifles: 
v.t. to retail in small quantities. 

peddler, pedler, pedlar ('ler), ft. 
one who peddles. 

peddling ('ling), adj. trifling. 

pedestal ('es-til), ft. the base of a 
column, statue, &c. 

pedestrian (pe-des'tri-an), adj. going 
on foot; walking: ft. one who jour- 
neys on foot; professional walker. 

pedestrianism (-izm), ft. the art or 
practice of walking; racing on foot. 

pediatric (pe'di-at-rik), ft. pertain- 
ing to medical treatment of children. 

pedicel (ped'i-sel), -ft. a small short 
foot-stalk. 

pedicure ('i-kur), ft. the care of the 
feet; a chiropodist. 

pediform ('i-form), adj. foot-shaped. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



mtm 



m 




PEDIGREE 



537 



PEMMICAN 



pedigree ('i-gre), n. lineage; gen- 
ealogy. 

pediment ('i-ment), n. the. triangu- 
lar or circular ornament over the 
entablature, &c, of a building. 

pedler. See peddler. 

pedobaptism. Same as paedobaptism. 

pedometer (pe-dom'e-ter), n. a watch- 
shaped instrument for recording 
paces and distances in walking. 

pedrail (ped'ral), n. a traction engine 
the wheels of which rest on the links 
of a jointed chain which may be 
broad and flat, thus giving support 
to the vehicle on soft or uneven 
ground. 

peduncle (-dung'kl), n. a flower- 
stalk. 

peduncular ('ku-lar), adj. of or per- 
taining to a peduncle. 

pedunculate ('ku-lat), adj. having, 
or growing upon, a peduncle. Also 
pedunculated. 

peel (pel), v.t. to strip the skin, bark, 
or rind from: v.i. to undress: n. 
skin or rind; a baker's long flat 
wooden shovel; a contrivance for 
hanging up printed sheets to dry. 

peeler ('er), n. one who peels; a, 
pillager; a policeman: from Sir 
Robert Peel. 

peen (pen), n. the point of a ma- 
son's hammer. 

peer (per), n. one of the same rank; 
an equal; associate; a nobleman; a 
member of the House of Lords: v.i. 
to appear; look narrowly. 

peerage ('a]), n. the rank or dignity 
of a peer; peers collectively; a book 
giving information respecting the 
nobility. 

peeress ('es), n. a peer's wife; a lady 
of noble rank. 

peerless ('les), adj. without an equal. 

peevish (pev'ish), adj. fretful; diffi- 
cult to please. 

peewit (pe'wit), n. the lapwing. 

Pegasus (peg'a-sus), n. a winged 
horse, according to Greek legend, 
sprung from Medusa at her death. 
The same legend attributes to a 
stamp of his hoof the fountain of 



the Muses, Hippocrene, on Mount 
Helicon. 

pelage (pel'aj), n. the hair or similar 
covering of a mammal. 

pelagic (-laj'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the ocean. 

pelerine (pel'er-in), n. a lady's long 
cape with tapering ends. 

pelf (pelf), n. money; wealth: used 
in a bad sense. 

pelican (pel'i-kan), n. a large aquatic 
bird with a huge axe-shaped bill; 
a dentist's instrument. 

pelisse (pe-les'), n. a lady's silk 
habit. 

pell (pel), n. a skin or hide; a roll 
of parchment. 

pellagra (pel-a/gra), n. a recent dis- 
ease of as yet unknown origin, but 
believed by some experts to result 
from eating corn products from im- 
pure grain; is characterized by 
gastro-intestinal, cerebro-spinal and 
cutaneous symptoms. 

pellet ('et), n. a little ball. 

pellicle ('i-kl), n. a thin skin or 
film. 

pellitory ('i-to-ri), n. a perennial 
plant of the nettle family, grow- 
ing on old walls. 

pell-mell ('mel), adv. with confused 
violence. 

pellucid (-u'sid), adj. perfectly clear; 
transparent. 

pelota (pa-lo'ta), n. a game popular 
in Cuba and other Spanish countries 
played in a court with a ball hurled 
from a grooved stick attached to the 
player's arm. 

pelt (pelt), n. a raw hide; a blow 
from something thrown: v.t. to 
strike by throwing something: v.i. 
to fall heavily, as rain. 

peltry (pel'tri), n. skins of furred 
animals collectively. 

pelt-wool (pelt'wool), n. wool from 
dead sheep. 

pelvic (pel'vik), adj. pertaining to 
the pelvis. 

pelvis ('vis), n. the bony cavity in 
the lower part of the abdomen. 

pemmican (pem'i-kan), n. lean 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
■ book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PENAL 



538 



PENNON 



meat, dried, pounded, and pressed 
into cakes. 

penal (pe'nal), adj. enacting, inflict- 
ing, or incurring punishment for 
crime; punitive. 

penalize (pe'nal-iz), v.t. to render 
subject to penalty or punishment. 

penalty (pen'M-ti), n. legal punish- 
ment either on the person or by a 
fine; fine or forfeit; an extra 
weight carried by a racehorse. 

penance (pen'ans), n. self-imposed 
suffering, as an expression of con- 
trition for sin; repentance; in the 
Roman Catholic Church one of the 
sacraments by which sins are par- 
doned after confession and satisfac- 
tion. 

penates (pe-na'tez), n.pl. the house- 
hold gods of the ancient Romans. 

pence, pi. of penny. 

penchant (pang-shang'), n. a strong 
inclination or taste [French], 

pencil (pen'sil), n. a small fine brush 
used by artists; a pointed instru- 
ment of black lead, colored chalk, 
&c; a collection of rays of light 
converging to a point: v.t. to write, 
sketch, paint, or mark with a pencil. 

penciled ('sild), -p. adj. written, drawn, 
or painted, with a pencil; radiat- 
ing. 

penciling (-ing), n. the art of writ- 
ing, sketching, or painting with a 
pencil. 

pendant ('dant), n. anything hang- 
ing for ornamentation; an ear-ring 
or locket; a pennant. 

pendency ('den-si), n. suspense; in- 
decision. Also pendence. . 

pendent ('dent), adj. hanging; pro- 
jecting; swinging. 

pending ^ ('ding), adj. undecided; 
hanging in suspense. 

pendulous ('du-lus), adj. hanging; 
oscillating. 

pendulum ('du-lum), n. a heavy 
body suspended so that it may vi- 
brate backwards and forwards about 
a fixed point by the force of gravity, 
as in a clock. 

penetrability C-e-tra-bil'i-ti), n. the 



susceptibility of being entered or 
passed through by another body. 

penetrable ('e-tra-bl), adj. that may 
be penetrated; susceptive of im- 
pression. 

penetralia (-tra'li-a), n.pl. the in- 
ner part' of a temple, house, &c; 
mysteries. 

penetrant ('e-trant), adj. penetrat- 
ing; subtile; acute. 

penetrate ('e-trat), v.t. to pierce in- 
to; enter; bore or perforate; reach 
the mind; affect deeply; reach the 
interior. 

penetration (-tra/shun), n. the act 
of penetrating; mental acuteness. 

penguin ('gwin),- n. a large sea-fowl 
with rudimentary wings. 

peninsula (pe-nin'su-la), n. a por- 
tion of jutting land nearly sur- 
rounded by water, and connected 
with the mainland by an isthmus. 

peninsular ('su-lar), adj. pertaining 
to, or shaped like, a peninsula. 

penitence (pen'i-tens), n. sorrow for 
sin; state of being penitent. 

penitent ('i-tent), adj. repentant: n. 
one who is penitent; one under ec- 
clesiastical censure, but admitted to 
penance; one who is under the di- 
rection of a confessor. 

penitential (-ten'shal), adj. pertain- 
ing- to, or expressing, penitence; 
of the nature of penance: n. in the 
Roman Catholic Church a book 
treating of the rales and degrees of 
penance. 

penitentiary (-ten'sha-ri), adj. per- 
taining to penance: n. a penitent; a 
house of correction: a state prison; 
a home for fallen women; an office 
at the Papal court, that grants dis- 
pensations, absolutions, &c; the of- 
ficial who presides over such a court. 

pennant ('ant), n. a long narrow 
strip of bunting at the mast-heads 
of men-of-war. 

pennate. Same as pinnate. 

penniless (pen'i-les), adj. without 
money; destitute. 

pennon ('on), n. a small swallow- 
tailed flag or streamer. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



PENNY 



539 



PER 



ny (-i), n. [pi. pennies ('iz) (de- 
oting number), pence (pens), (de- 
oting amount or value)], a bronze 
in = 1-12 of a shilling, or 2 cents 
English). 

nyroyal (-roi'al), n. an aromatic 
erb of the mint family. 
nyweight (-wat), n. a weight = 

grains troy. 
ological (pe-no-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
iling to penology. 
ologist (-nol'o-jist), n. a student 
f penology. 

ology (-nol'o-ji), n. the scientific 
udy of punishments, prison man- 
agement, &c. 
pensile ('sll), adj. hanging. 

Insion ('shun), n. a stated allow- 
ance paid for past services, as to the 
state, &c; money paid instead of 
tithes; a continental boarding house 
Dr school (pang-si-ang) : v.t. to 
grant a pension to. 
pensionary ('shun-a-ri), adj. consis- 
ting of, or maintained by, a pension : 
a person in receipt of a pension. 
sioner ('shun-er), n. one who re- 
ives a pension, 'especially a dis- 
charged soldier: 
pensive ('siv), adj. thoughtful; sad. 
penta, a prefix meaning jive, as penta- 
' ord, an instrument with 5 .strings ; 
usical scale of 5 sounds. Also 
ente. 

tagon (pen'ta-gon), n. a figure 
of 5 sides and 5 angles. 
ntahedral (-he'dral), adj. having 
sides. 

tahedron ('dron), n. a solid fig- 
e having 5 sides. 

tahexahedral (-heks-a-he'dral), 
\j. exhibiting 5 ranges of faces, one 
above another, each range contain- 
ing 6 faces. 

ntamerous (-tam'e-rus), adj. con- 
sisting of 5 parts, 
pentameter ('e-ter), n. a verse con- 
sisting of 5 feet. 
pentastyle ('ta-stil), n. a building 

with 5 columns in front. 
Pentateuch ('ta-tuk), n. the first 5 
books of the Old Testament. 



pens 

tin 

pe"» s 

cei 

ch; 



Pentecost ('te-kost), n. a Jewish fes- 
tival kept the 50th day after the sec- 
ond day of the Passover; Whitsun- 
tide, commemorative of the descent 
of the Holy Ghost. 

Pentecostal (-al), adj. pertaining to 
Pentecost. 

penthouse ('hous), n. a shed with a 
slanting roof projecting from a main 
wall or building. 

penult * (pe-nulf), n. the last syllable 
of a word but one. Also penultima. 

penultimate ('i-mat), adj. last but 
one. 

penumbra (-num'bra), n. a partial 
shadow on the exterior of the perfect 
shadow of an eclipse; the boundary 
of light and shade in a picture. 

penurious (-nu'ri-us), adj. miserly; 
sordid. 

penury (pen'ii-ri), n. want of the ne- 
cessities of life; poverty. 

peon (pe'on), n. a Mexican laborer; 
an Indian native soldier or consta- 
ble; a pawn at chess. 

peony ('o-ni), n. a perennial plant 
with handsome flowers of the genus 
Pseonia. Also paeony. 

peppercorn (-korn), n. the small 
berry of the pepper-plant: hence 
anything insignificant. 

peppermint (-mint), n. an aromatic 
herb; the cordial prepared from it. 

pepperwort (-wert), n. a cress. 

peppery (-i), adj. like pepper; fiery; 
pungent. 

pepsin ('sin), n. a nitrogenous fer- 
ment contained in gastric juice; a 
preparation from the stomach of a 
pig used in medicine to aid digestion. 
Also pepsine. 

peptic ('tik), adj. pertaining to, or 
promoting, digestion: n. a medicine 
to aid digestion: pi. the science of 
digestion. 

peptones ('tonz), n.pl. the products 
of the action of pepsin. 

per, a prefix meaning through, over 
the whole extent, by, very, as per- 
ambulate, to walk over; per diem, 
by the day, &c. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PERADVENTURE 



540 



PERFIDY 



perad venture (per-ad-ven'tur), adv. 
by chance. 

perambulation (-am-bu-la'shun) , adv. 
the act of passing through; a survey 
made by traveling; the annual sur- 
vey of a parish boundary. 

perambulator ('bu-la-ter), n. one 
who perambulates; a baby carriage; 
an instrument for measuring road 
distances. 

percale (-kal'), n. cotton fabrics with 
a linen finish. 

perceivable (-se'va-bl), adj. discern- 
ible by the mind. 

perceive (-sev'), v.t. to obtain knowl- 
edge by the senses; understand; 
discern. 

per cent, (-sent'), by the hundred. 

percentage (-sent'aj), n. proportion- 
al allowance per cent. 

percept (per'sept), n. a knowledge of 
things derived through the senses. 

perceptibility (-sep-ti-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being perceptible. 

perceptible ('ti-bl), adj. that may be 
perceived. 

perception (-sep'shun), n. the act, 
state, or faculty of receiving knowl- 
edge of external things by the me- 
dium of the senses; idea, notion, or 
conception. 

perceptivity ('i-ti), n. the power of 
perception or thinking. 

perch (perch), n. a fresh-water fish; 
a measure of length = 5}4 yards, 
l-40th of a rood; anything on which 
birds sit or roost: v.i. to sit or roost: 
v.t. to place on a perch. 

perchance (per-chans'), odv. per- 
haps. 

perchlorate (-klo'rat), n. a com- 
pound of perchloric acid and a base. 

perchloric ('rik), adj. noting an acid 
having 7 equivalents of oxygen to 2 
of chlorine. 

perchloride ('rid), n. & compound of 

an excess of chlorine with a base. 
percipience (-sip'i-ens), n. the act 

of perceiving. 
percipient ('i-ent), adj. perceiving: 
n. one who perceives. 



percolate ('ko-lat), v.i. to pass 
through small spaces. 

percolation (-la/shun), n. filtration. 

percolator ('ko-la-ter), n. a filtering 
machine or vessel; a coffee-pot fitted 
with a filter. 

percussion (-kush'un), n. violent col- 
lision; shock produced by the colli- 
sion of bodies; impression of sound 
on the ear; the medical examination 
of a part of the body by tapping it 
gently so as to determine its condi- 
tion by the sound produced. 

percussion-cap (kap)> n. a small 
copper cap containing fulminating 
powder, which, placed on the nipple 
of a gun, explodes the powder when 
struck by the lock. 

perdition (-dish'un), n. total de- 
struction; ruin; utter loss of the 
soul or of happiness in a future 
state. 

perdu (-du'), adj. forlorn; hidden: 
n. one lying in ambush: adv. in am- 
bush or a post of danger. 

peregrination (-e-grin-a/shun), n. 
the act of traveling about. 

peregrinator Cc-grim-a^ter), n. a 
traveler. 

peremptory ('emp-tor-i), adj. posi- 
tive; final; decisive; precluding dis- 
cussion or hesitation. 

perennial (-en'i-al), adj. lasting 
through the year; perpetual; noting 
plants that continue more than 2 
years. 

perfect ('fekt), adj. complete; with- 
out defect or blemish; blameless; 
pure; possessing every moral excel- 
lence; fully skilled or accomplished; 
in grammar, the tense that expresses 
completed action: v.t. to make Der- 
fect; complete or finish. 

perfectibility (-fek-ti-bil'i-ti), n. the 
capacity for becoming perfect. 

perfection ('shun), n. the state of 
being perfect; supreme excellence. 

perfidious (-fid'i-us), adj. false to 
trust; treacherous; faithless. 

perfidy ('fi-di), n. violation of a trust 
reposed; breach of faith. 



ate, firm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon,' 
book; hue, hut; think, then. \. 




PERFORATE 



541 



PERI QUE 



perforate ('fo-rat), v.t. to pierce or 
bore through; make a hole through. 

perforation (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
piercing or boring through; a hole 
bored through. 

perforator ('fo-ra-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, perforates. 

perforce (-fors'), adv. by force; vio- 
lently. 

perform (-form'), v.t. to do or carry 
out; execute; achieve; fulfil: v.i. to 
act a part. 

performance ('ans), n. the act of 
performing; execution; completion; 
deed or feat; an entertainment. 

perfume (-ftim'), v.t. to impregnate 
with a pleasant odor; scent: n. a 
sweet-smelling scent. 

perfumery ('er-i), n. perfumes in 
general. 

perfunctory ('to-ri), adj. done care- 
lessly or negligently. 

pergola (per-go'la), n. an arbor pas- 
sageway. 

perhaps (-haps'), adv. possibly. 

peri (pe'ri), n. in Persian mythology 
a descendant of a fallen spirit ex- 
cluded from paradise; a fairy: 
(per'i), a prefix, meaning around, 
as peribolos, a wall or court sur- 
rounding a temple. 

perianth (per'i-anth), n. a floral en- 
velope. 

(-kar'di-ak), adj. per- 
the pericardium. Also 



pericardiac 

taining to 

pericardial. 

pericarditis 



(-dl'tis), n. inflamma- 
tion of the pericardium. 
pericardium (-kar'di-um), n. the 
membrane that surrounds the heart- 
pericarp ('i-karp), n the seed-vessel 

of a plant. 
pericarpial (-kar'pi-al), adj. per- 
taining to a pericarp. 
periclase ('i-klaz), n. a magnesian 

mineral. 
periclinal (-kli'nal), adj. dipping on 

all sides from a central axis. 
pericranium (-kra'ni-um), n. the 
membrane that surrounds the cra- 



nium. 
perigee 



(-je), n. that point in the 



orbit of the moon, or of a planet, 
nearest the earth. 

perihelion (-he'li-on), n. [pi. peri- 
helia (-a) ], that point in the orbit of 
a planet, or a comet, nearest the sun. 

peril ('il)j n. exposure to injury; 
danger; jeopardy; risk: v.t. to ex- 
pose to danger or risk. 

perilous (-us), adj. full of peril; 
hazardous; dangerous. 

perimeter (pe-rim'e-ter), n. the outer 
boundary of a plane surface. 

period (pe'ri-od), n. a circuit or 
cycle; interval of time; the time 
taken by a planet to revolve round 
the sun; length of duration; conclu- 
sion; a dot [.] to mark the end of a 
sentence; in rhetoric, a complete 
sentence. 

periodical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
to a period, or to periodicals; occur- 
ring at regular intervals. Also peri- 
odic: n. a publication issued at 
stated intervals, as a magazine. 

periodicity (-o-dis'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being periodical. 

periosteal (per-i-os'te-al), adj. per- 
taining to the periosteum. 

periosteum ('te-um), n. the vascular 
nervous membrane which covers the 
bones. 

periostitis (-ti'tis), n. inflammation 
of the periosteum. 

Peripatetic (-pa-tet'ik), adj. per- 
taining to the philosophy of Aristotle 
who instructed his disciples while he 
walked about the Lyceum: n. a 
disciple of Aristotle. 

peripatetic (-pa-tet'ik), adj. walking 
about: n. one who is accustomed or 
compelled to walk. 

peripheral (pe-rif'er-al), adj. per- 
taining to a periphery. 

periphery ('er-i), n. [pi. peripheries 
(-iz) ], the circumference of a circle, 
ellipse, or similar figure. 

periphrasis (-rif'ra-sis), n. circum- 
locution. 

periphrastic (per-i-f ras'tik) , adj. 
circumlocutory. Also periphrastical. 

perique (pa-rek'), n. a strong, black 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PERISCOPE 



542 



PERPETRATE 



tobacco, of peculiar flavor, grown in 
St. James Parish, Louisiana. 

periscope (per'i-skop), n. an instru- 
ment for seeing over intervening ob- 
jects; used in guiding submarine 
boats. 

periscopic (per-i-skop'ik), adj. view- 
ing all round, and so constructed as 
to increase the distinctness of ob- 
jects when viewed at an oblique an- 
gle. Also periscopical. 

perish ('ish), v.i. to lose life or vi- 
tality; decay or die; be destroyed or 
come to nothing. 

perishability (-a-bil'i-ti) ,\n. the state 
of being perishable. Also perish- 
ableness. 

perishable (per'ish-a-bl), adj. liable 
to perish; mortal. 

perisperm ('i-sperm), n. albumen of 
a seed. 

peristaltic (-stal'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the peculiar worm-like move- 
ment of the intestines by which their 
contents are forced onward. 

peristyle ('i-stil), n. an open court 
in the interior of a* house surrounded 
by a row of columns. 

perisystole (-sis'to-le), n. the inter- 
val that ensues on the contraction of 
the heart before the dilation (dias- 
tole) which follows. 

peritoneal (-to-ne'al), adj. pertain- 
ing to the peritoneum. 

peritoneum ('urn), n. a thin serous 
membrane which covers the abdom- 
inal viscera. 

peritonitis (-ni'tis), n. inflammation 
of the peritoneum. 

periwig (per'i-wig), n. a small wig. 

periwinkle (-wing'kl), n. a peren- 
nial creeping plant; a small uni- 
valve mollusk. 

perjure (per'jur), v.i. to swear false- 
r- 
perjury (-i), n. the act of swearing 

falsely when on oath. 

perk (perk), +t. to make trim or 
smart : v.i. to hold up the head in a 
smart or saucy manner; peer. 

perky ('i), adj. jaunty; smart. 

permanence ('ma-nens), n. the state 



or quality of being permanent; dura- 
tion. Also permanency. 

permanent (-nent), adj. lasting; 
durable; continuing in the same 
state. 

permeability (-me-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being permeable. 

permeable ('me-a-bl), adj. that may 
be passed through. 

permeate ('me-at), v.t. to penetrate 
and pass through the pores or in- 
terstices of. 

permeation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
permeating. 

permission (-mish'un), n. the act of 
permitting; leave; license. 

permissive (-mis'iv), adj. granting 
permission or license; not forbid- 
ding. 

permit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. per- 
mitted, p.pr. permitting], to allow 
without command; consent to; toler- 
ate: n. (per'mit) a written license 
from an officer of customs to remove 
dutiable goods; permission. 

permitter ('er), n. one who permits. 

permutable (-mut'a-bl), adj. inter- 
changeable. 

permutation (-mu-ta'shun), n. the 
exchange of one thing for another; 
the arrangement of any determinate 
number of things or letters, in all 
possible orders, one after the other. 

pernicious (-nish'us), adj. highly in- 
jurious or hurtful; destructive. 

pernickety (nik'i-ti), adj. trim; at- 
tentive to trifles; overnice; fussily 
particular. 

peroration (-o-ra'shun), n. the con- 
cluding part of an oration. 

peroxide (-oks'id), n. the oxide of a 
base which contains the largest pro- 
portion of oxygen. 

peroxidize ('i-dlz), v.t. to oxidize to 
the greatest degree. 

perpendicular . (-dik'u-lar), adj. 
standing at right angles to a given 
line or surface; perfectly upright: n. 
a perpendicular line. 

perpetrate ('pe-trat), v.t. to, com- 
mit; perform (in a bad sense). 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PERPETRATION 



543 



PERSPECTOGRAPH 



perpetration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
of perpetrating. 

perpetrator ('pe-tra-ter), n. one who 
perpetrates. 

perpetual (-pet'u-al), adj. never 
ceasing; not temporary. 

perpetuate ('u-at), v.t. to make per- 
petual; preserve from extinction or 
oblivion. 

perpetuation (-a/shun), n. the act 
of perpetuating. 

perpetuity (-pe-tu'i-ti), n. the state 
of being perpetual; endless duration. 

perplex (-pleks' , v.t. to make diffi- 
cult to be understood; make anx- 
ious; puzzle; embarrass or confuse. 

perplexity ('i-ti), n. embarrassment; 
doubt; intricacy. 

perquisite ('kwi-zit), n. a gift or al- personality 
lowance in addition to regular wages 
or salary; that which is gained, as 
distinct from that which is inherited. 

perron ('on), n. a staircase outside a 
building leading to the first floor. 

perry ('i), n. the fermented juice of 
pears. 

persecute ('se-kut), v.t. to harass or 
ill-treat, especially for religious opin- 
ions; annoy with importunity. 

persecution (-ku'shun), n. the act of 
persecuting; the state of being per- 
secuted. 

persecutor (-ter), n. one who perse- 
cutes. 

perseverance (-ve'rans), n. the act 
or state of persevering; continuance 
in grace. 

persevere (-se-veV), v.i. to persist 
in any enterprise or business under- 
taken; continue steadfastly. 

Persian ('shan), adj. pertaining to 
Persia, to its inhabitants, or to its 
language: n.pl. sculptured draped 
male figures used as columns. 

persimmon (-sim'un), n. an Ameri- 
can plum-like fruit; the tree yield- 
ing it. 

persist (-sisf), v.i. to continue stead- 
ily in any course commenced; perse- 
vere. 

persistence (-sis'tens), n. the state 



or quality of being persistent; ob- 
stinacy. Also persistency. 

personage (-aj), n. a man or woman, 
especially one of distinction. 

personal (-al), adj. pertaining to men 
or women; relating, or peculiar, to a 
person and his private affairs; per- 
taining to the external appearance; 
done in person; denoting the per- 
son; movable: opposed to real: n. 
movable property or goods: opposed 
to lands and tenements (real estate). 

personal equation (per'son-al-e-kwa/ 
shun), n. the reaction time of an in- 
dividual which causes him to record 
observation of a phenomenon, such 
as the transit of a star, a fraction of 
a second later than it really occurs, 
(-al'i-ti), n. that which 
constitutes distinction of person; 
application of remarks (usually of- 
fensive) to some individual. , 

personalty (-al-ti), n. personal es- 
tate, or i all kinds of movable prop- 
erty. 

personate (-at), v.t. to represent by 
an assufned character; counterfeit; 
assume the character of for fraudu- 
lent purposes, as in voting. 

personation (-a/shun), n. the coun- 
terfeiting of the person and charac- 
ter of another. 

personator (-ter), n. one who as- 
sumes the character of another. 

personification (-son-i-fi-ka/shun), n. 
the act of personifying. 

personify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
personified, p.pr. personifying], to 
represent as endowed with personal 
qualities. 

personnel (per-son-el'), n. the per- 
sons employed in any public service, 
especially the army and navy, as dis- 
tinguished from the materiel, arms, 
stores, &c. 

perspective (per-spek'tiv), adj. per- 
taining to, or in accordance with, 
the art of perspective: n. a vista or 
view; the art of representing objects 
on a plane surface as they appear to 
the eye. 

perspectograph ('to-graf), n. an op- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PERSPICACIOUS 



544 



PESTIFEROUS 



tical instrument for drawing me- 
chanically the points and outlines of 
objects. 

perspicacious (-spi-ka'shus) , adj. 
mentally acute; quick-sighted. 

perspicacity (-kas'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being perspicacious; acute- 
ness of sight or discernment. 

perspicuity (-kQ'i-ti), n. freedom 
from obscurity; mental clearness; 
lucidity. 

perspicuous (-spik'ii-us), adj. men- 
tally clear; easily understood; evi- 
dent; clear. 

perspirable (-splr-a-bl), adj. that 
may be perspired. 

perspiration (-spi-r a/shun), n. excre- 
tion by the pores of the skin ; sweat. 

perspire (-spir'), v.i. to excrete by 
the pores of the skin; sweat. 

persuade (-swad')> v.t. to influence 
by argument, advice, entreaty, &c; 
draw or incline the will of; "exhort, 
induce; prevail upon. 

persuasibility (swa-si-bil'i-ti), n. 
the capability of being persuaded. 
Also persuasibleness. 

persuasion ('zhun), n. the act or art 
of persuading; the state of being 
persuaded. 

persuasive ('siv), adj. having the 
power to persuade; influencing the 
will or passions: n. an incitement. 

pert (pert), adj. saucy; forward. 

pertain (per-tan'), v.i. to belong, or 
have relation. 

pertinacious (-ti-na'shus), adj. un- 
yielding; obstinate; resolute; tena- 
cious. 

pertinacity (-nas'i-ti), n. the quality 
of being pertinacious. 

pertinence ('ti-nens), n. suitable- 
ness; fitness. Also pertinency. 

pertinent ('ti-nent), adj. fitting or 
appropriate ; relevant . 

perturb (-terb'), v.t. to agitate; dis- 
turb; disquiet. 

perturbation (-ter-ba/shun), n. men- 
tal agitation or disquietude; an ir- 
regularity or deviation in the move- 
ment of a heavenly body in its orbit. 

peruke (per-ook'), n. a wig. 



perusal (pe-roo'zal), n. the act of 
perusing; study or examination. 

peruse (-rooz'), v.t. to read with care 
and attention; examine. 

Peruvian (-roov'i-an)„ adj. pertain- 
ing to Peru. 

Peruvian bark (bark), n. cinchona. 

pervade (per-vacT), v.t. to penetrate; 
extend or be diffused all over; per- 
meate. 

pervasion (-va'zhun), n. the act of 
pervading. 

perverse (-vers'), adj. obstinate; un- 
tractable; petulant. 

perversion {-ver'shun), n. the act of 
perverting; the state of being per- 
verted; a turning from truth or pro- 
priety; misapplication. 

perversity. Same as perverseness. 

perversive (-ver'siv), adj. tending to 
pervert. 

pervert (-vert/), v.t. to turn from the 
true end or proper purpose; misap- 
ply: n. (per'vert) one who has been 
perverted, especially from truth to' 
error. 

pervious ('vi-us), adj. admitting pas- 
sage; permeable. 

pesade (pe-sad'), n. the motion of a 
horse when he raises or lifts up his 
fore quarters without advancing. 

pesky (pes'ki), adj. troublesome; an- 
noying. 

peso (pa/so), n. a dollar [Spanish]. 

pessimism (pes'i-mizm), n. the doc- 
trine that the present state of exist- 
ence is essentially evil; the tendency 
to exaggerate in thought the evils of 
life: opposed to optimism. 

pessimist (-mist), n. one who holds 
the doctrine of pessimism; one who 
looks on the worst side of every- 
thing. 

pessimistic (-mis'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characterized by, pessi- 
mism; gloomy. 

pest (pest), n. a fatal epidemic dis- 
ease; plague; anything very mis- 
chievous, annoying, or injurious. 

pester (pes'ter), v.t. to annoy. 

pestiferous (-tif'er-us), adj. convey- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PESTILENCE 



545 



PHALANX 



ing pestilence; physically or morally 
noxious. 

pestilence # ('ti-lens), n. an infectious 
or contagious disease. 

pestilent ('ti-lent), adj. noxious to 
health, morals, or society. 

pestilential (-len'shal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or producing, a pestilence; 
pernicious; destructive. 

pestle (pes'l), n. an instrument for 
pounding substances in a mortar. 

petal ('al), n. one of the separate 
parts of the corolla of a flower; a 
flower-leaf. 

petard (pe-tard'), n. a bell-shaped 
explosive machine used for bursting 
open gates, &c. 

petersham ('ter-sham), n. a thick 
shaggy cloth: used for overcoats, &c. 

petiole (pet'i-ol), n. the footstalk of 
a leaf connecting the blade with the 
stem. 

petit ('i), adj. small; inconsiderable 
[French]. Feminine petite (pe-tef). 

petition (pe-tish'un), n. an earnest 
supplication or prayer; a formal 
supplication from an inferior to a 
superior; a paper or document con- 
taining a written request: v.t. to 
solicit earnestly; present a petition 
to. 

petitionary (-a-ri), adj. containing 
a petition. 

petit jury (pet'i joo-ri), n. a trial 
jury as distinguished from a grand 
jury. Also petty jury. 

petit-maitre (pet'i-ma'tr), n. a fop 
who affects women's society. 

petrel ('rel), n. a web-footed, strong- 
winged, oceanic bird, that appears in 
its flight to walk upon the water. 

petrescence (-tres'ens), n. the act of 
becoming converted into stone. 

petrifaction (-ri-fak'shun), n. the 
process of changing animal or vege- 
table substance into stone; a fossil. 

petr if active ('tiv), adj. having pow- 
er to petrify. 

petrify ('ri-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pet- 
rified, p.pr. petrifying], to change 
into stone; fix in silent amazement 



or fear; render callous, obdurate, or 
hard. 

Petrograd (pe'tro-grad), n. new name 
of St. Petersburg, Russia (1914). 

petroleum (-tro'le-um), n. an inflam- 
mable dark yellowish-brown bitu- 
minous liquid issuing from certain 
rocks; mineral oil. 

petrology (pe-trol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
entific study of rocks. 

petromortis (pe'trS-mor'tis), n. death 
poisoning by gasoline fumes. 

petticoat ('i-kot), n. a woman's loose 
underskirt. 

pettifogger ('i-fog-er), n. a lawyer 
who practices in petty cases. 

pettily ('i-li), adv. in a petty manner. 

pettiness ('i-nes), n. smallness; un- 
importance. 

petty ('i), adj. trifling; small; incon- 
siderable; unimportant; contempti- 
ble. 

petty jury. Same as petit jury. 

petulance ('Q-lans), n. peevishness; 
caprice. Also petulancy. 

petulant ('ii-lant), adj. peevish; ca- 
pricious. 

Petunia (pe-tu'ni-a), n. a South 
American genus of ornamental plants 
with handsome flowers. 

petunia, n. a plant of the genus Pe- 
tunia, or its flower. 

pew (pu), n. an inclosed seat in a 
church: v.t. to furnish with pews. 

pewit (pe'wit), n. the lapwing. Also 
peewit. 

pewter (pu'ter), n. an alloy of tin, lead, 
antimony, &c. ; adj. made of pewter 

pfennig (fen'ig), n. a small copper 
coin of Germany=^ cent. 

phaeton (fa'e-ton), n. an open four- 
wheeled carriage. 

phagocyte (fag'o-sit), n. a leucocyte 
which devours hurtful bacteria in 
the human body. 

phalanges, pi. of phalanx. 

phalanx (fa'langks), n. [pi. pha- 
langes (-lan'jez) ], among the an- 
cient Greeks, a square battalion of 
heavy-armed infantry drawn up in 
close rank: hence any close compact 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PHANTASM 



546 



PHILISTINISM 



body: pi. the small bones of the fin- 
gers and toes. 

phantasm (fan'tazm), n. a vision or 
specter. 

phantasmagoria (-taz-ma-go'ri-a) , 
n. a magic lantern. 

phantasy (fan'ta-si), n. insane fancy. 

phantom ('torn), n. an apparition; 
spirit; fancied vision. 

pharisaic (far-i-sa/ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characteristic of, the 
Pharisees; formally religious; hypo- 
critical. Also pharisaical. 

Pharisaism ('i-sa-izm), n. the doc- 
trines and practices of the Pharisees. 

Pharisee ('i-se), n. one of a religious 
sect among the Jews characterized 
by their strict observance of the let- 
ter of the law, and rites and cere- 
monies; one who observes the letter 
rather than the spirit of the law. 

pharmaceutic (far-ma-su'tik), adj. 
pertaining to pharmaceutics. Also 
pharmaceutical: n.pl. pharmacy. 

pharmacopoeia (-ko-pe'ya), n. an 
official publication containing the 
list of drugs of the JMateria Medica, 
and directions for the preparation of 
medicines, &c. 

pharmacy ('ma-si), n. the art of pre- 
paring and compounding medicines; 
a drug-store. 

pharos (fa/ros), n. a lighthouse. 

pharyngeal (fa-rin'je-al), adj. per- 
taining to the pharynx. 

pharynx (far'ingks), n. the muscu- 
lar or membranous sac at the upper 
part of the esophagus. 

phase (faz), n. [pi. phases (fa'sez) ], 
the illuminated surface shown by a 
planet, or the moon; aspect; ap- 
pearance; transparent green quartz. 
Also phasis. 

pheasant (fez'ant), n. a gallinaceous 
bird with brilliant plumage, and pre- 
served for sport. 

pheasantry (-ri), n. a place where 
pheasants are bred and preserved. 

phenix (fe'niks), n. a fabulous bird, 
said to live 500 years in the Arabian 
desert, and to rise rejuvenescent 
from its ashes after immolating itself 



on a funeral pyre: hence the emblem 
of immortality. Also phcenix. 

phenol (fe'nol), n. carbolic acid. 

phenomenal (-nom'en-al), adj. per- 
taining to, or consisting of, phenom r 
ena. 

phenomenalism (-izm), n. the meta- 
physical doctrine that visible things 
are really phenomena. 

phenomenon ('e-non), n. [pi. phe- 
nomena ('e-na) ], an appearance, es- 
pecially one of unusual occurrence; 
something as it is perceived by ex- 
periment or observation. 

phial (fi'al), n. & small glass bottle 
or vessel: v.t. to put or keep in a 
phial. Also vial. 

philander (fil-an'der), v.i. to make 
silly love; to be foolishly* sentimen- 
tal. 

philanthropic (fil-an-throp'ik), adj. 
loving mankind; benevolent. Also 
philanthropical. 

philanthropist ('an-thrS-pist), n. 
one who loves and seeks to benefit 
mankind. 

philanthropy (-pi), n. love of man- 
kind ; benevolence. 

philatelist (fi-lat'e-list), n. sl collec- 
tor of postage stamps: adj. pertain- 
ing to philately. 

philately ('e-li), n. the systematic 
collection of postage stamps. 

philharmonic (-har-mon'ik), adj. 
loving harmony; noting a musical 
society. 

philippic (fi-lip'ik), n. a speech of 
vehement invective: from one of the 
three orations of Demosthenes 
against Philip of Macedon. 

Philistine (fil'is-tin or -is'tin), n. an 
ancient inhabitant of the southwest- 
ern coast of Palestine; in Germany, 
a non-academical person; an uncul- 
tured person or one of narrow views : 
adj. pertaining to, or characteristic 
of, the Philistines; uncultured; nar- 
row-minded; prosaic. 

Philistinism (-izm), n. the manners 
or modes of thought of a modern 
Philistine. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






PHILOLOGICAL 



547 



PHOSPHURET 



philological (-o-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to philology. 

philologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one skilled 
in philology. Also philologer. 

philology (-ol'o-ji), n. the scientific 
study of languages and their struc- 
ture and mutual relation. 

philomel ('o-mel), n. the nightingale. 

philoprogenitiveness (-o-pro-jen'i- 
tiv-nes), n. the instinctive love of 
offspring. 

philosopher (-os'o-fer), n. a student 
of philosophy; one noted for calm 
judgment and practical wisdom. 

philosophic (-o-sof'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or in accordance with, phi- 
losophy; rational; wise; calm. Also 
philosophical. . 

philosophize (-os'o-flz), v.i. to rea- 
son like a philosopher. 

philosophy ('o-fi), n. the knowledge 
of the causes of all phenomena both 
of mind and matter; a particular 
philosophic system; calmness of 
temper. 

philter, philtre ('ter), n. a love 
charm or potion. 

phiz, abbreviation of physiognomy. 

phlebotomy (fle-bot'o-mi), n. _ the 
act or practice of opening a vein to 
let blood. 

phlegm (flem), n. mucus secreted in 
the air passages of the throat; cold- 
ness; sluggishness. 

phlegmatic (fleg-mat'ik), adj. 
abounding in phlegm; sluggish; dull. 
Phlegmatical. 

Phlox (floks), n. a genus of North 
American bright-colored flowering 
plants. 

phlox n. any plant of the genus 
Phlox. 

Phoebus (fe'bus), n. Apollo; the sun. 

Phoenician (fe-nish'an), adj. per- 
taining to ancient Phoenicia, or to 
its inhabitants. 

phoenix. Same as phenix. 

phonendoscope (fo-nen'do-skop), n. 
an improved stethescope in which 
the sounds are intensified by disks of 
vulcanite or other vibrating material. 

phonetic (fo-net'ik), adj. pertaining 



to the voice or sounds; representing 
the simple elementary sounds. Also 
phonetical: n.pl. the science of 
sounds, especially of the human 
voice. 

phonics (fon'iks), n.pl. the science of 
sounds; acoustics. 

phonogram (fo'no-gram), n. articu- 
fate sound as recorded by the phono- 
graph; a written character repre- 
senting a particular sound. 

phonograph ('no-graf), n. a letter 
or character indicating a distinct 
spoken sound; an instrument to re- 
cord or reproduce articulate speech 
or sounds. 

phonography (-nog'ra-fi), n. a de- 
scription of sounds uttered by the 
human voice; a system of shorthand, 
by which every sound is represented 
by a separate character or mark. 

phonology (-nol'o-ji), n. the science 
of articulate sounds. 

phonoscope ('no-skop), n. an instru- 
ment which by means of electricity 
translates vibrations of sounds into 
visible figures. 

phonotype ('no-tip), n. a phonetic 
type. 

phosphate (fos'fat), n. a salt of 
phosphoric acid. 

phosphide. Same as phosphuret. 

phosphite ('fit), n. a salt of phos- 
phorous acid. 

phosphorate ('fo-rat), v.t. to com- 
bine with phosphorous. 

phosphoresce (-fo-res'), v.i. to emit 
fight like phosphorus. 

phosphorescence ('ens), n. emission 
of light under certain conditions by 
substances at common temperatures ; 
faint light. 

phosphorous acid ('for-us as'id), n. 
an acid formed by the union of 1 
atom of phosphorus and 3 atoms of 
oxygen. 

phosphorus ('for-us), n. a yellowish, 
wax-like, inflammable,, non-metallic 
element, luminous in the dark. > 

phosphuret ('fu-ret), n. a combina- 
tion of phosphorus with a metallic 
base. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PHOTO 



548 



PHYSICS 



photo, a prefix meaning light. 

photo (fo'to), n. a photograph. 

photochromy (fo'to-kro-mi), n. the_ 
art or process of photographing in 
colors. 

photoengraving (f o'to-en-grav'ing) , 
n. a process for producing printing 
blocks or plates by photography. 

photogen ('to-jen), n. an inflamma- 
ble hydro-carbon; paraffin. 

photograph ('to-graf), n. a photo- 
graphic picture: v.t. to take a pic- 
ture of by means of photography. 

photography (-tog'ra-fi), n. the art 
or process of producing pictures by 
the action of light on certain sub- 
stances sensitized by various chem- 
ical processes. 

photogravure (-to-gra-vur'), n. the 
process of producing by photography 
on a sensitized surface an incised 
engraved metal plate from which im- 
pressions may be printed: v.t. to 
produce by such a process. 

photoheliograph (-he'li-o-graf), n. 
a photographic telescope or camera 
moved by clockwork, for depicting 
solar spots, transits, &c. 

photophone ('to-fon), n. an instru- 
ment for communicating sounds by 
the agency of light. 

photoplay (fo'to-pla), n. a moving- 
picture play. 

photopsia (top'si-a), n. a morbid af- 
fection of the eyes in which corrus- 
cations of light appear to play be- 
fore them. Also photopsy. 

photosphere ('to-sfer), n. the lumi- 
nous envelope of the sun. 

phototherapy (fo-to-ther'a-pi), n. a 
method of curing disease by means 
of light-rays, electric or solar, fo- 
cussed on the affected parts. 

phototype ('to-tlp), n. a block pro- 
duced by photography from which 
engravings" &c, can be printed; the 
process itself. 

phrase (fraz), n. a part of a sen- 
tence; brief pithy expression; idiom; 
style or manner: v.t. to style; ex- 
press in peculiar words. 

phraseology (-e-ol'o-ji), n. style, 



manner, or peculiarity of expres- 
sion; a collection of phrases. 

phrenic (fren'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the diaphragm. 

phrenitis (fre-ni'tis), n. inflamma- 
tion of the brain. 

phrenological (fren-o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to phrenology. 

phrenology ('o-ji), n. the science of 
the human mind or brain, as con- 
nected with the moral, intellectual, 
and sensual dispositions of the indi- 
vidual, which are supposed to be in- 
dicated by the undulations, or 
"bumps," on the cranium. 

phthisic (tiz'ik), n. asthma; phthisis. 

phthisis (thl'sis), n. pulmonary con- 
sumption. 

phycology (fl-kol'o-ji), n. the study 
of the algae or seaweeds. 

phylactery (fi-lak'ter-i), n. [pi. phy- 
lacteries (-iz) ], a small square box 
containing a thin strip of parchment 
upon which certain texts from the 
law are inscribed, worn by pious 
Jews upon the forehead and left 
wrist. 

physeter (fi-se'ter), n. the sperm 
whale. 

physic (nz'ik), n. the science of med- 
icine, or the art of healing; medi- 
cine; a cathartic: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
physicked, p.pr. physicking], to ad- 
minister medicine to; cure. 

physical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
nature, or to material things; per- 
ceptible to the senses; pertaining to 
physics; medicinal. 

physician (fi-zish'an), n. one legally 
qualified to prescribe remedies for 
diseases. 

physicism (fiz'i-sizm), n. material- 
ism. 

physicist ('i-sist), n. a student of 
natural science. 

physico a prefix, meaning of, or per- 
taining to, nature, as physico-theol- 
ogy, theology illustrated by natural 
philosophy. 

physics ('iks), n.pl. physical science 
or natural philosophy. 



ate, arm, ask. at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PHYSIOGNOMIST 



549 



PICTURESQUE 



physiognomist (-i-og'no-mist), n. 
one who is skilled in physiognomy. 

physiognomy (-mi), n. the science 
of discerning the character of the 
mind from the features of the coun- 
tenance; the face; outward appear- 
ance. 

physiological (-i-^o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to physiology. 

physiologist (-i-ol'o-jist), n. one 
who is skilled in physiology. 

physiology (-ol'o-ji), n. the science 
that treats of the vital functions 
performed by the organs of animals 
and plants. 

physique (fi-zek'), n. physical organ- 
ization. 

pi, pie (pi), n. disarranged or jum- 
bled type: v.t. to jumble or throw 
into disorder, as printing type. 

piacular (pl-ak'u-lar), adj. expia- 
tory; requiring sacrifice; atrocious. 

pia mater (pi'a ma/ter), n. a deli- 
cate vascular membrane which in- 
vests the brain and spinal cord. 

pianist (pi-an'ist), n. a performer on 
the piano. 

piano (pi-an'o), n. a pianoforte. 

pianoforte (-for-te), n. a stringed 
musical instrument, the notes of 
which are produced by hammers 
acted upon by keys. 

piano-player (-pla/er), n. an at- 
tachment to a piano causing it to 
play automatically. 

piazza (-az'a), n. an open square sur- 
rounded by buildings or colonnades; 
a walk under a roof supported by 
pillars. 

pibcorn (pib'korn), n. a Welsh mu- 
sical pipe. 

pibroch (pe'brokh), n. the wild mar- 
tial music of the Scottish bagpipe; 
a bagpipe. 

pica (pl'ka), n. a size of type, used 
as a standard of measurement in 
printing (see type); a vitiated ap- 
petite for unnatural kinds of sub- 
stances, as coal, sand, chalk, &c. 

picador (pik-&-dor'), n. the horse- 
man who incites the bull in a Span- 



ish bull fight by attacking it with a 
lance. 

picaroon (-roon'), n. a robber, pi- 
rate, or marauder. 

picayune (-yoon'), n. a small silver 
coin = 634 cents. 

piccalilli ('a-lil-i), n. a kind of 
pickle. 

piccaninny ('a-nin-i), n. [pi. picca- 
ninnies (-iz) ], a negro baby or child. 

piccolo ('o-lo), n. a small flute hav- 
ing its notes an octave higher than 
the ordinary flute. 

pick-a-back ('a-bak), adv. on the 
shoulders like a pack. 

pickax, pickaxe ('aks), n. an ex- 
cavating tool, pointed at one end 
and broad at the other. 

pickerel ('er-el), n. a small pike. 

picket ('et), n. a pointed stake used 
in fortification; pale of a fence; a 
stake to which a horse is fastened; 
a military guard to give notice of the 
approach of an enemy, or to bring 
in deserters; one or more appointed 
by a trades-union to watch a fac- 
tory, &c, where non-unionist men 
are employed during a strike: v.t. 
to place as a picket; fasten to a 
picket. 

pickle ('1), n. a mixture of brine 
and water, &c, for preserving food; 
vegetables, &c, preserved in pickle; 
embarrassment or difficulty; a mis- 
chievous or troublesome child: v.t. 
to preserve in, or as in, pickle. 

picklock ('lok), n. an instrument for 
picking locks; a thief. 

picnic ('nik), n. a short excursion 
into the country, &c, by a pleasure 
party carrying their own provisions; 
a kind of biscuit. 

picric acid ('rik as'id), n. an in- 
tensely bitter acid formed by the 
action of nitric acid on indigo; car- 
bazotic acid. 

pictorial (pik-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or illustrated by, pictures. 

picture ('tur), n. a painting or draw- 
ing representing a person or thing; 
vivid representation or description. 

picturesque (-esk'), adj. giving vivid 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




PIE 



550 



PILLAR 



impression of nature or reality; 
graphic; wild and beautiful ; roman- 
tic : n. that which is picturesque. 

pie (pi), n. the magpie; printer's type 
confusedly mixed ; meat or fruit cov- 
ered with crust and baked. 

piebald ('bawld), adj. having patches 
of different colors. 

piecemeal ('mel), adj. made of pieces 
or parts; single: adv. in pieces or 
parts. 

pied (pid), adj. variegated or spotted. 

pier (per), n. a mass of masonry 
supporting an arch, bridge, &c. ; tim- 
bers of a bridge or other building; 
mole or jetty; wharf; a landing 
place projecting into the sea. 

pierce (pers), v.t. to penetrate, espe- 
cially with a pointed instrument; 
affect deeply; explore; dive into: 
v.i. to enter. 

pierceable ('a-bl), adj. that may be 
pierced. 

pier glass (per glas), n. an orna- 
mental mirror, especially one be- 
tween windows. 

piety (pi-e-ti), n. the quality of be- 
ing pious; reverence for, and duty 
toward God; reverence to parents. 

pigeon (pij'un), n. a bird of the ge- 
nus Columba; a simpleton; one who 
is easily imposed upon or swindled. 

pigeon-breasted (-bres'ted), adj. 
having a narrow breast like a pig- 
eon. 

pigeon English (ing'glish), n. a jar- 
gon of English used in commercial 
dealings with the Chinese. Also 
pidgin English. 

pigeon-hole (-hoi), n. a compart- 
ment iqr papers, &c. 

pigeon-toed (-tod), adj. having the 
toes turned inwards. 

piggin ('in), n. a small drinking ves- 
sel. 

pigheaded ('hed-ed), adj. stupidly 
obstinate. 

pigmean (-me'an), adj. dwarfish. 

pigment ('ment), n. paint; coloring 
matter. 

pigmy. Same as pygmy. 



pignons (pin'yunz), n.pl. the edible 
seeds of various pine cones. 

pig-nut (pig'nut), n. the sweetish- 
bitter nut of a species of hickory; 
the ground chestnut. 

pigsty ('sti), n. a pen for pigs. 

pigtail ('tal), n. the tail of a pig; 
hair twisted into the form of a long 
queue and hanging down the back 
of the head; tobacco in long twists. 

pigwidgeon (-wij'un), n. a f-airy; 
anything very diminutive. 

pike (pik), n. a weapon with a shaft 
and spearhead; a voracious fresh- 
water fish with a narrow, elongated, 
pointed head. 

pike (pik), n, a road; a turnpike. 

piker (pi'ker), n. a person whose 
ventures are made on a small scale 
and in a timid way. 

pilaster (pi-las'ter), n. a square col- 
umn or pillar, inserted partly in a 
wall. 

pilchard (pil'chard), n. a marine 
edible fish, resembling the herring, 
found chiefly on the coasts of Devon 
and Cornwall. 

pile (pil), n. a large beam driven 
into the ground to make a firm 
foundation; mass or heap; accumu- 
lation; large building; a series of 
plates arranged to produce an elec- 
tric current; nap of cloth; a for- 
tune: pi. hemorrhoids: v.t. to heap 
up; collect in a mass; accumulate; 
lay on; drive piles into. 

pilfer (pil'fer), v.t. to steal in small 
quantities. 

pilgarlick (-gar'lik), n. one who has 
lost his hair by disease; a wretched 
sneaking fellow. 

pilgrim ('grim), n. a traveler; one 
who travels from a distance to visit 
some sacred place or shrine. 

pilgrimage (-aj), n. a journey, espe- 
cially to some sacred place. 

pillage ('aj), n. the act of plunder- 
ing; spoil: v.t. to plunder or spoil; 
lay waste. 

pillar ('ar), n. a column to support a ] 
structure; monument; something 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PILLION 



551 



PINOCHLE 



resembling a pillar, or affording sup- 
port. • 

pillion Cyun), n. a cushion for a 
woman to ride on horseback behind 
a horseman; a soft low saddle. 

pillory ('or-i), n. [pi. pillories (-iz) ], 
a wooden frame supported by an up- 
right post, having holes through 
which the head and hands of a per- 
son exposed to disgrace were passed 
and secured: v.t. to place in a pil- 
lory; expose to public disgrace or 
abuse. 

pilose (pllos), adj. hairy. Also pi- 
lous. 

pilot ('lot), n. one who conducts a 
vessel in or out of a harbor or where 
navigation is difficult or dangerous; 
a guide: v.t. to guide or direct as a 
pilot. 

pilotage (-aj), n. the act of piloting; 
skill of a pilot; pilot's dues. 

pilot-cloth (-kloth), n. a stout thick 
cloth. 

pilot-engine (-en'jin), n. a locomo- 
tive sent on in front to clear the 
line. 

pimento (pi-men 'to), n. allspice. 

pimp (pimp), n. a procurer: v.i. to 
procure immoral women for others. 

pimpernel (pim'per-nel), n. a name 
for various plants of the genus Ana- 
gallis. 

pimple ('pi), n. a small pustule. 

pimpled Cpld), adj. having, or full 
of, pimples. Also pimply. 

pinachromy (pin-ak'ro-mi), n. a 
method of photographing in colors. 

pina-cloth (pe'nya-kloth), n. a fine 
cloth made in Manila from the fibers 
of the pineapple leaf. 

pinafore (pin'a-for), n. a loose apron 
or covering to protect children's 
dresses. 

pinaster (pi-nas'ter), n. the cluster- 
pine of Southern Europe. 

pincers. Same as pinchers. 

pinch (pinch), v.t. to squeeze or nip; 
oppress or distress: v.i. to bear 
hard; be straitened; be mean or 
niggardly: n. a 'squeeze or nip, as 



with the fingers and thumb; dis- 
tress, or difficulty. 

pinchbeck ('bek), n. a yellow alloy 
of 5 parts of copper and 1 of zinc: 
adj. noting jewelry of inferior make. 

pinchers (pinch'erz), n. an instru- 
ment for drawing out nails, &c; 
nippers. Also pincers. 

pineal, (pin'e-al), adj. shaped like a 
pine-cone. 

pineal body (pin'e-al), n. a small 
gland in the brain, believed to be the 
vestige of an ancestral eye, and pro- 
ducing a secretion that appears to 
have great importance in stimulat- 
ing mental development. 

pineapple (pin'ap-1), n. a tropical 
plant and its cone-shaped fruit. 

pin-footed (pin'foot-ed), adj. hav- 
ing the toes or feet bordered by a 
membrane. 

pinion Cyun), n. the last joint of a 
bird's wing; a wing; the smaller of 
two geared wheels: v.t. to bind or 
secure, as by binding the arms; 
confine or fetter. 

pink (pingk), n. a shade of light-red 
color; a flower with sharp-pointed 
leaves of the genus Dianthus; a 
narrow-sterned vessel; anything of 
supreme excellence: adj. of the color 
of a pink: v.t. to stab; pierce or 
punch with small round holes or 
small scallops; work in eyelet holes. 

pinking ('ing), n. a method of orna- 
menting dress materials or leather 
by scalloping the edges. 

pin-money (pin-mun'i), n. money 
allowed to a wife by her husband 
for her private expenses: originally 
for buying pins. 

pinnace (pin'as), n. a small light 
schooner-rigged vessel with oars; an 
eight-oared man-of-war's boat. 

pinnacle ('a-kl), n. a small polyg- 
onal turret or elevation above the 
rest of the building; a high point like 
a spire: v.t. furnish with pinnacles. 

pinnate ('at), adj. shaped like a 
feather; divided into leaflets. Also 
pinnated. 

pinochle (pe'nuk-1), n. a German 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; htic;, hut; think, then. 



PINT 



552 



PITCH 



game at cards, somewhat like the 
French game of bezique. 

pint (pint), n. l-8th of a gallon. 

pintail (pin'tal), n. a duck with a 
pointed tail. 

pintle ('tl), n. a bolt; the hook which 
attaches the rudder to the stern of 
a vessel. 

pioneer (pl-o-neV), n. a soldier or 
person whose business it is to clear 
and repair roads, &c, before an 
army, sink mines, and throw up for- 
tifications; one who goes before to 
prepare the way for another: v.i. 
act as a pioneer. 

pious ('us), adj. dutiful to God, or to 
parents; religious; devout; proceed- 
ing from, or actuated by, religious 
feeling. 

pip (pip), n. the seed of certain fruit; 
a disease in fowls; a spot on a play- 
ing card: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. pipped, 
p.pr. pipping], to cry like a chicken 
or small bird. 

pipe (pip), n. any long hollow tube; 
a tube of clay, wood, &c, with a 
bowl at one end for smoking tobac- 
co; a wine measure = 2 hogsheads, 
or 105 imperial gallons, or 126 wine- 
gallons: v.t. to play on, or call by, 
a pipe: v.i. to whistle; emit a shrill 
sound. 

pipe-dream £ (pip'-drem), n. a foolish 
vision; an improbable fancy. 

piperine (pi'per-in), n. the active - 
principle of black pepper. 

piping ('ing), adj. feeble; weak; 
shrill; playing upon a pipe; hot like 
boiling water: n. corded trimming 
for dresses. 

pipkin (pip 'kin), n. an earthen pot 
glazed on the inside. 

pippin ('in), n. a variety of apple. 

piquancy (pe'kan-si), n. the state or 
quality of being piquant. 

piquant ('kant), adj. pungent; se- 
vere. 

pique (pek), n. slight anger or re- 
sentment; wounded pride; punc- 
tilio: v.t. to wound the pride of; 
irritate; displease; pride or value 
(one's self). 



pique (pe-ka'), n. a French cotton 
material, usually with some geomet- 
rical pattern. 

piquet (pe-ket'), n. a card game. 

piracy (pi'ra-si), n. the act or crime 
of a pirate; infringement of copy- 
right. 

pirate ('rat), n. a robber on the high 
seas; one who infringes the law of | 
'literary or artistic copyright: v.t. 
to take without permission or com- 
pensation: v.i. to practice piracy. 

pirogue (pi-rog'), n. a canoe consist- 
ing of the hollowed trunk of a single 
tree; a North American narrow 
ferry-boat. 

pirouette (pir-oo-et'), n. a whirling 
or turning about on one toe; turn- 
ing of a horse on the same ground: 
v.i. to execute a pirouette. 

piscary (pis'ka-ri), n. right or liber- 
ty of fishing. 

piscatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to fishing. Also piscatory. 

pisciculture ('i-kul-tur), n. the arti- 
ficial breeding and rearing of fishes. 

pistachio-nut (pista'shi-o), n. a nut 
flavored like an almond. 

pismire (pis'mlr), n. an ant. 

pistil ('til), n. the seed-bearing or- 
gan in the center of a flower. 

pistillate (-at), adj. having a pistil. 

pistol ('tol), n. a small hand-gun: 
v.t. to shoot with a pistol. 

pistole (-tol 7 ), n. a Spanish gold coin 
of varying value: usually about 
$3.60. 

piston C'tun), n. a small solid cylin- 
der of metal or wood, fitting exactly 
and moving up and down the barrel 
of a pump, or the cylinder of a 
steam-engine. 

piston-rod (-rod), n. the rod moving 
the piston and connecting it with 
the external machinery. 

pita (pe'ta), n. a fibre of the agave 
plant from which rope and paper 
are made. 

pitacal ('a-kal), n. a substance ob- 
tained from wood-tar. 

pitch (pich), n. the solid black res- 
inous substance obtained from boiled 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



mi 



PITCHBLENDE 



553 



PLACKET 



tar; a casting forward or down; 
degree or rate; slope; the degree of 
acuteness or graveness of a musical 
note; distance between the center of 
two gearing teeth; at cricket, the 
distance between the wickets: v.t. 
to smear with pitch; throw; cast 
headlong; set to a key-note; order 
regularly; fix in, or on, the ground: 
v.i. to settle; fall headlong; en- 
camp; rise and fall; fix the choice 
(with upon). 

pitchblende ('blend), n. a black ox- 
ide of uranium: used in coloring 
glass a pale sea-green; it is the chief 
source of radium. 

pitched battle ('t bat'l), n. a bat- 
tle in which the opposing forces 
have taken up a regular position. 

pitcher ('er), n. one who pitches; 
an earthen vessel for holding water; 
an instrument for piercing the 
ground. 

pitcher-plant (-plant), n. an East- 
ern plant, the vase-like leaves of 
which, furnished with lids, hold 
water. 

pitchfork ('fork), n. a pronged fork 
for pitching hay, straw, &c: v.t. to 
lift or throw with, or as with, a 
pitchfork. 

pitch- wheel (-hwel), n. a toothed 
wheel that works in another. 

pitchy ('i), adj. like, or smeared with, 
pitch. 

piteous (pit'e-us), adj. exciting pity; 
sorrowful; sad. 

pitfall ('fawl), n. a pit lightly cov- 
ered so that wild beasts may fall 
into it; a trap. 

pith (pith), n. the soft spongy sub- 
stance in the center of plants; mar- 
row; quintessence; energy or force. 

pithily (pith'i-li), adv. in a pithy 
manner. 

pithy ('i), adj. of the nature of, or 
full of, pith; forcible. 

pitiable (pit'i-a-bl), adj. deserving 
pity. 

pitiful ('i-fool), adj. moving com- 
passion; insignificant. 



pitiless ('i-les), adj. without pity or 
compassion; merciless. 

pitsaw ('saw), n. a two-handled saw. 

pittance ('ans), n. a small allow- 
ance, especially of money. 

pitted ('ed), p. adj. marked with in- 
dentations or small hollows. 

pituitary body (pi-tfi'i-ta-ri bod'i), n. 
a small gland situated at the base of 
the brain and producing a very im- 
portant internal secretion. 

pity ('i), n. sympathy with distress; 
compassion; a subject of pity or 
grief: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pitied, p.pr. 
pitying], to sympathize with: v.i. 
to be compassionate, or affected 
with pity. 

pivot (piv'ot), n. the short shaft on 
which anything turns; the soldier 
who is stationary at the flank while 
the company drilling wheels round: 
v.t. to place on a pivot. 

pix. Another form of pyx. 

pixy (piks'i), n. [pi. pixies ('iz) ], 
a fairy. Also pixie. 

placability (pla-ka-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being placable. Also 
placableness. 

placable ('ka-bl), adj. that may be 
appeased or pacified; forgiving. 

placard (plak'ard), n. a bill placed 
on a wall, &c, as an advertisement: 
v.t. (pla-kard'), to advertise by a 
placard. 

placeman ('man), n. a government 
official. 

placenta (pla-sen'ta), n. the vascu- 
lar organ that connects the fetus 
in the womb with the mother, the 
after-birth; that part of the carpel 
of a plant to which the ovules or 
seeds are attached. 

placental ('tal), adj. pertaining to, 
or having, a pla'centa: n. a mam- 
mal with a placenta. 

placer (plas'er), n. a mineral deposit 
which is not a vein. 

placid (plas'id), adj. calm; peaceful; 
mild. 

placidity ('i-ti), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being placid. 

placket (plak'et), n. a petticoat; a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PLAGIARISM 



554 



PLANTIGRADE 



slit in a skirt or petticoat; a wom- 
an's pocket. 

plagiarism (pla/ji-a-rism), n. the 
act of plagiarizing. 

plagiarist (-rist), n. one who steals 
from the writings of another and 
passes them off as his own produc- 
tion; literary theft. Also plagiary. 

plagiarize (-Iz), v.t. to steal from 
the writings of another. 

plague (plag), n. a malignant epi- 
demic ; anything very troublesome or 
annoying: v.t. to infest with dis- 
ease; trouble or annoy greatly. 

plaguily (•i-li), adv. so as to plague. 

plaguy {'i), adj. vexatious. 

plaice (plas), n. an edible flat-fish. 

plaid (plad), n. a checkered woolen 
cloth, originally worn as a garment 
by the Highlanders of Scotland. 

plain (plan), adj. level; flat; even; 
smooth; clear; evident; easily un- 
derstood; not luxurious; devoid of 
beauty, or ornament; homely: n. 
level ground; any flat expanse. 

plaint (plant), n. lamentation; a 
• mournful song; the exhibiting of an 
action in writing by a plaintiff. 

plaintiff (plan'tif), n. one who com- 
mences a suit in a court of law. 

plaintive ('tiv), adj. expressing 
grief or sorrow; sad. 

plait (plat), n. a flat fold; braid: v.t. 
to fold or braid; interweave. Also 
pleat. 

plan (plan), n. a drawing on a flat 
surface, as , of a building, &c; 
scheme or project: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
planned, p.pr. planning], to make a 
plan or sketch of, on a flat surface; 
form in design; outline. 

planarian (pla-na'ri-an) , n. a flat 
aquatic 'worm having extraordinary 
power to reproduce lost parts, in- 
cluding the head. 

planchet ('chet), n. a flat piece of 
metal prepared for coining. 

planchette (plang-shef), n. a heart- 
shaped board fitted with wheels and 
a pencil which traces marks as it 
moves the hand by some supposed 
mysterious agency. 



plane (plan), adj. flat; level; even J 
without elevations or depressions: 
n. a flat or even surface; in geom- 
etry, an even superficies; a level sur- 
face parallel to the horizon; a car- 
penter's tool for smoothing wood: 
v.t. to make level; make smooth 
with a plane. 

plane-tree ('tre), n. a large tree 
with broad-spreading leaves. 

planet (plan'et), n. a heavenly body 
revolving round the sun. 

planetarium (-a'ri-um), n. a ma- 
chine to exhibit the planets, their 
motions round the sun, and their 
relative distances and magnitudes. 

planetary ('et-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, consisting of, or produced by, 
planets; erratic. 

planetoid ('et-oid), n. any one of the 
small planets revolving in the space 
between Mars and Venus; minor 
planet. 

planish (plan'ish), v.t. to polish or 
smooth by hammering. 

planisphere ('is-fer), n. a sphere or 
globe projected on a plane surface. 

planner (plan'er), n. one who plans; 
a projector. 

piano, a prefix meaning flat, as plano- 
concave: adj. flat or plane on one 
side, concave on the other. 

plant (plant), n. any vegetable 
organism; sprout or sapling; the 
tools, machinery, or fixtures of any 
trade or business; a swindle: v.t. 
to put into the ground for growth, 
as seed; fix in the mind; establish. 

plantain ('tan), n. a tropical broad- 
leaved tree yielding an edible fruit 
similar to the banana. 

plantation (-ta'shun), n. a place 
planted with trees; a large culti- 
vated estate for cotton, sugar, &c; 
a new settlement or colony. 

planter ('er), n. one who plants; the 
owner of a plantation. 

plantigrade ('i'-grad), n. walking on 
the sole of the foot; a carnivorous 
animal, as the bear, of the section 
plantigrada. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 





PLANTULE 



555 



PLEASANTRY 



plantule ('til), n. an embryo of a 
plant. 

plaque (plak), n. a metal or terra- 
cotta plate upon which flowers, fig- 
ures, &c, are enameled or painted. 

plash (plash), n. a puddle; pond: 
v.t. to splash or dash with water; 
interweave the branches or twigs 
of: as, to plash a hedge. 

plasm (plazm), n. a mold or matrix. 

plasma (plaz'ma), n. the colorless 
fluid of the blood in which the red 
corpuscles float; protoplasm; a 
grass-green variety of chalcedony. 

plaster (ter), n. calcined gypsum 
used for castings, &c. (plaster of 
paris); a composition of lime, sand, 
and water, for coating walls; a me- 
dicinal application for external use: 
adj. made of plaster: v.t. to over- 
lay or cover with, or as with, 
plaster. 

plastic ('tik), adj. capable of being 
formed or molded; giving form. 

plasticity (-tis'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being plastic. 

plat. Same as plait. 

plateau (pla-to'), n. [pi. plateaux 
(-toz') ], elevated broad flat land; 
table-land; a large ornamental cen- 
ter-dish. 

plate-glass (plat'glas), n. a fine 
kind of glass cast in thick plates: 
used for mirrors, &c. 

plate-mark. Same as hall-mark. 

platen (plat'en), n. the flat part of a 
printing-press by which the impres- 
sion is made. 

platform ('form), n. a flat floor of 
wood, stone, &c, raised above the 
level of the ground; the place where 
guns are mounted on a fortress or 
battery; political program or policy, 
of which each item is called a 
plank. 

platina. Another form of platinum. 

plating (pla'ting), n. the art of over- 
laying or covering anything with a 
metallic plate. 

platinize ('i-niz), v.t. to coat with 
platinum. 



platinoids ('in-oidz), n.pl. metals 
found associated with platinum. 

platinous (-us), adj. containing plat- 
inum. 

platinum (-in-um), n. a greyish- 
white metal very hard and ductile, 
the heaviest of the known metals. 
Also platina. 

platitude ('i-tud), n. insipidity; 
dullness; a weak, empty, trite re- 
mark. „ 

Platonic (r^la-ton'ik), adj. pertaining 
to Plato, the ancient Greek philoso- 
pher, or to his philosophy, &c, or 
school ; pure and untainted with car- 
nal desires. 

platoon (-toon'), n. two files of sol- 
diers forming a subdivision. 

platter (plat'er), n. a large flat dish. 

platy, a prefix meaning broad or flat, 
as platypus, the ornithorhyncus, 
from its flat, duck-like bill. 

platyrhine ('i-rin), adj. broad-nosed; 
noting American monkeys, thus 
characterized. 

plaudit (plaw'dit), n. applause. 

plauditory ('di-to-ri), adj. applaud- 
ing. 

plausibility (-zi-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being plausible; spe- 
ciousness. Also plausibleness. 

plausible ('zi-bl), adj. specious; su- 
perficially pleasing. 

plaza (pla'za), n. an open square or 
market place. 

plea (pie), n. an excuse or apology; 
the defendant's answer to the plain- 
tiff's declaration in a lawsuit; ur- 
gent entreaty. 

plead (pled), v.i. to argue or rea- 
son in support of a cause against 
another; argue before a court of 
law; supplicate earnestly: v.t. dis- 
cuss or defend by arguments; offer 
as an excuse. 

pleadings ('ingz), n.pl. the written 
statements of the two parties in a 
lawsuit. 

pleasant (plez'ant), n. grateful to 
the mind or senses; delightful; agree- 
able; cheerful; facetious. 

pleasantry (-ri), n. merriment; lively 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PLEASE 



556 



PLOD 



talk; gaiety; a laughable trick or 
joke. 

please (plez), v.t. to gratify; give 
pleasure to; gain approbation from: 
v.i. to afford pleasure or gratifica- 
tion; like or choose. 

pleasurable (plezh'u-ra-bl), adj. grat- 
ifying; delightful. 

pleasure ('fir), n. gratification; agree- 
able emotions, mental or physical; 
transient enjoyment; sensual grati- 
fication. 

pleat. Another form of plait. 

plebeian (ple-be'an), adj. pertaining 
to the Plebs or Roman commonalty; 
pertaining to the common people; 
hence common or vulgar: n'. one of 
the. common people. 

plebeianism (-izm), n. vulgarity. 

plebiscite (pleb'i-sit), n. a vote taken 
of the entire male community by 
•universal suffrage on some special 
matter submitted; the decree found- 
ed on such a vote. 

pledge (plej), n. anything placed as 
a security or guarantee; pawn; hos- 
tage; a health in drinking: v.t. to 
give as security or guarantee; de- 
posit in pawn; drink to the health of. 

pledget ('et), n. a flat piece of lint 
placed over a wound. 

Pleiades (pli'a-dez), n.pl. the cluster 
6f 7 stars in the constellation Tau- 
rus; from the 7 daughters of Atlas 
and Pleione, changed after death 
into stars. 

plenary (ple'na-ri), adj. full; com- 
plete. 

plenipotentiary (plen-i-po-ten'shi-a- 
ri), adj. having full power: n. an am- 
bassador to a foreign court invested 
with full powers. 

plenist (ple'nist), n. one who holds 
the theory that all space, is filled 
with matter. 

plenitude (plen'i-tfid) , n. fulness. 

plenteous ('te-us), adj. abundant; 
amply sufficient. 

plentiful ('ti-fool), adj. yielding 
abundance; copious. 

plerity ('ti), n. abundance. 

pleonasm (ple'o-nazm), n. use of 



more words than necessary in speak- 
ing or writing. 

pleonastic (-nas'tik), adj. redun- 
dant. 

plet (plet), n. a kind of birch-rod, 
used in Russian prisons. 

plethora (pleth'o-ra), n. excessive 
fulness of blood; overabundance. 

plethoric (ple-thor'ik), adj. having 
excess of blood. 

pleura (ploo'ra), n. [pi. pleurae ('re) ], 
a delicate serous membrane cover- 
ing the interior of the thorax and 
each lung. 

pleural ('ral), adj. pertaining to the 
pleura. 

pleurisy ('ri-si), n. inflammation of 
the pleura. 

pleuritic (-rit'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or affected with, pleurisy. Also 
pleuritical. 

pleuro, a prejix meaning rib or side, 
as pleurodynia,, rheumatism of the 
chest walls. 

pleuro-pneumonia (ploo-ro-nu-mo'- 
ni-a), n. inflammation of the pleura 
and lungs. 

plevin (plev'in), n. a, warrant. 

plexus (plek'sus), n. a network of 
veins, nerves, &c. 

pliability (pli-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being pliable. Also 
pliableness. 

pliable ('a-bl), adj. easily bent; flex- 
ible; easy to be persuaded. 

pliancy ('an-si), n. pliant quality. 

pliant ('ant), adj. flexible; easily 
bent; yielding to moral suasion. 

plicate ('kat), adj. plaited; folded 
in the form of a fan. Also plicated. 

pliers ('erz), n. a kind of small 
pinchers for seizing and bending, 
especially small articles. 

plight (plit), n. a dangerous or dis- 
tressed condition; predicament; 
pledge; promise: v.t. to pledge, as 
one's faith. 

plinth (plinth), n. the lowest square- 
shaped part of the base of a column, 
pedestal, &c. ; the projecting face at 
the bottom of a wall. 

plod (plod), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. plodded 



Sag 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PLOT 



557 



PLURALITY 



p.pr. plodding], to travel laborious- 
ly; drudge or toil; study closely. 

plot (plot), n. a complicated scheme, 
conspiracy, or plan; intrigue; chain 
of incidents in a play, novel, &c, 
gradually developed: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
plotted, p.pr. plotting], to devise; 
make a plan of: v.i. to conspire; 
form a plan against another. 

plover (pluv'er), n. a wading bird of 
various species. 

plow, plough (plou), n. an agricul- 
tural implement for turning up the 
soil; a grooving-plane: v.t. to turn 
up with a plow; furrow. 

plowshare, ploughshare ('shar), 
n. the iron part of a plow that cuts 
the soil. 

pluck (pluk), v.t. to pull off, out, or 
up; snatch; pick or gather; reject 
as a candidate in an examination: 
n. a pull; the heart, liver and lungs 
of an animal ; courage. 

plucky ('i), adj. [comp. pluckier, 
superl. pluckiest], having courage 
or pluck. 

plug (plug), n. a piece of wood, &c, 
used for stopping a hole: v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. plugged, p.pr. plugging], to 
stop with a plug. 

plum (plum), n. a tree, Prunus do- 
mestical or its well-known fruit; a 
raisin; £100,000: hence a large for- 
tune. 

plumage (plum'aj), n. a bird's feath- 
ers. 

plumb (plum), n. a heavy body, usu- 
ally of lead, suspended at the ex- 
tremity of a line to indicate the per- 
pendicularity of work done, as a 
wall, &c: adj. perpendicular: adv. 
perpendicularly: v.t. to adjust by a 
plumb-line; make perpendicular; 
sound (the depth of water) by a 
plummet. 

plumbago (-ba'go), n. a mineral of 
carbon and iron, used for lead pen- 
cils; a form of carbon. 

plumber ('er), n. one who is engaged 
in the business of plumbing. 

plumbing ('ing), n. the art or occu- 
pation of putting into buildings the 



pipes, traps, &c, for the conveyance 
of water, gas, and sewage. 

plumb-line ('lm), n. a line attached 
to a mass of lead to indicate the per- 
pendicular; perpendicular line. 

plumcot (plum'kot), n. a new species 
of fruit produced by Luther Bur- 
bank by crossing the plum and the 
apricot. 

plume (ploom), n. a feather; a feath- 
er worn as an ornament; crest: v.t. 
to pick and adjust the. feathers of; 
adorn with plumes; boast; pride 
(used # reflexively ) . 

plummet (plum'et), n. a leaden 
weight attached to a string used for 
sounding depths, &c. 

plump (plump), adj. round and sleek 
with fulness of flesh; in good condi- 
tion; downright; unqualified: adv. 
with a sudden or heavy fall: v.i. to 
grow plump; fall or sink down; to 
vote for a single candidate when one 
has the right to vote for two or 
more: v.t. to make plump; fatten. 

plumy (ploo'mi), adj. feathered. 

plunder (plun'der), n. booty; pil- 
lage: v.t. to take by open force; 
spoil; rob. 

plunge (plunj), v.t. to put suddenly 
into water or any other liquid; im- 
merse; baptize by immersion: v.i. to 
sink, fall, or rush, as into water; 
dive; throw the body forward and 
the legs up, as a horse; bet heavily 
and thoughtlessly: n. the act of 
plunging; sudden fall. 

plunger ('er), n. one who plunges; a 
diver; the long solid cylinder or pis- 
ton of a pump; one who bets heavily 
and thoughtlessly. 

pluperfect (ploo'per-fekt), adj. not- 
ing an event or action occurring 
prior to some other event or action. 

plural ('ral), adj. consisting of more 
than one: n. that form of a word 
that expresses more than one. 

plurality (ploo-ral'i-ti), n. the ma- 
jority; the greatest of three or more 
numbers; the excess of votes cast 
for an> one candidate over the can- 
didate who receives the next largest 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PLURALIZE 



558 



POGROM 



number of votes at an election where 
there are three or more candidates 
for the same office. 

pluralize (-Iz), v.t. to make plural. 

plurism (piu'rizm), n. a recent move- 
ment among certain Paris artists 
to combine in one work an expres- 
sion of all arts instead of one. 

plus (plus), n. the sign ( -f ) used to 
denote addition: adj. more (by. a 
certain amount); increased (by a 
specified addition); above zero. 

plush (plush), n. a kind of shaggy 
cloth with a pile; woolen velvet. 

plutocracy (ploo-tok'ra-si), n. rule 
or government by the rich. 

plutocrat (ploo'to-Jcrat), n. one who 
exercises political power or influence 
by virtue of his wealth. 

Plutonian (-to'ni-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Pluto, the god of the lower 
world, or to the lower regions of 
fire; igneous. Also Plutonic. 

Plutonic rocks (roks), n.pl. igneous 
rocks. 

Pluviose (ploo'vi-os), n. fifth month 
in the calendar of the French 
Revolution. 

pluvial ('vi-al), adj. rainy. 

ply (pli), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. plied, p.pr. 
plying], to work on closely; practice 
diligently or earnestly; urge or 
solicit: v.i. to run regularly between 
two ports; work against the wind. 

pneumatic (nti-mat 'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, consisting of, containing, like, 
or moved by, air. Also pneumatical. 

pneumatics ('iks), n.pl. the science 
that treats of the mechanical proper- 
ties of air and similar elastic fluids. 

pneumatic tire (mi-mat'ik tir'), n. a 
tire mad,e of rubber and inflated 
with air, used for automobile and 
bicycle wheels. 

pneumatology (-ma-tol'o-ji), n. pneu- 
matics; the science of mind or 
spiritual existencies or essences and 
their operation. 

pneumo, a prefix meaning lung. 

pneumonia (-mo'ni-a), n. acute in- 
flammation of the lungs. 



pneumonic (-mon'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the lungs. 

pneumothorax (nu'mo-tho'raks), n. 
recently developed method of treat- 
ing tuberculosis, by injecting nitro- 
gen gas into the pleural cavity. 

poach (poch), v.i. to trespass upon 
preserves to shoot or steal game: 
v.t. to steal game from; plunder by 
stealth; cook (eggs) by breaking 
them into boiling water. 

poachy ('i), adj. swampy; marshy. 

pochard Card), n. the sea-duck. 

pock (pok), n. a pustule on the skin 
containing eruptive matter. 

podge (poj), n. a puddle. 

podgy ('i), adj. short and fat. 

podium (po'di-um), n. a low wall, 
usually with a plinth and cornice, in 
the front of an edifice to support 
pillars; that part of an amphithea- 
ter which projects over the arena; a 
balcony. 

podocarp (pod'o-karp), n. the stem 
which supports the fruit of a plant. 

podophylltn (-o-fiTin), n. a purga- 
tive resin obtained from the root of 
the May-apple. 

poe (po'e), n. a food made from the 
roots of the taro plant by the natives 
of Hawaii. 

poe bird (berd), n. the parson bird 
of New Zealand, with a plumage of 
a dark metallic hue. 

poem ('em), n. a metrical or poetical 
composition; a poetic conception. 

poesy ('e-si), n. the art of composing 
poems. 

poet ('et), n. the author of a poem; 
one gifted in writing poetry; one 
who is strongly imaginative. Fem- 
inine poetress. 

poet laureate (law're-at), n. a court 
poet. 

poetic (-et'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
suitable to, or expressed in, poetry; 
sublime. Also poetical. 

poetry ('et-ri), n. a metrical compo- 
sition produced or embellished by 
creative imagination. 

pogrom (po'grom), n. in Russia, an 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



POI 



559 



POLICY 



outburst of violence, largely re- 
taliatory. 

poi. Same as poe. 

poignant ('nant), adj. stimulating to 
the palate; irritating; very painful. 

poilu (poi'loo), n. a French veteran. 

poilu, modern meaning — a good sol- 
dier. 

poinsettia (-set'i-a), n. a Mexican 
plant with handsome flowers. 

point (point), n. the sharp end of 
any instrument; mark or dot; indi- 
visible part; mark in punctuation; 
that which has position but no mag- 
nitude; a spot; exact place; critical 
moment; expression or force; sting 
of an epigram; aim; act of aiming; 
small cape or promontory; lace 
wrought with the needle; railway 
switch; unit of measurement for 
type-bodies = .0138 inch, or one- 
twelfth of a pica: v.t. to sharpen; 
give a point to; direct or aim; mark 
with points; fill the joints of (ma- 
sonry), with mortar and smooth 
them with a trowel: v.i. to indicate; 
show clearly. 

point-blank Cblangk), adj. horizon- 
tal; straight forward to the mark; 
direct. 

pointer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, points; a variety of dog 
trained to point game. 

poise (poiz), n. weight; balance; 
equilibrium: v.t. to balance; weigh; 
ascertain or examine: v.i. to be in a 
state of equilibrium. 

poison (poi'zn), n. anything noxious 
or destructive to life, health, or mo- 
rality; venom: v.t. to infect with 
or kill by, poison; administer poison 
to ; corrupt. 

poisonous (-us), adj. having the qual- 
ities of poison; deadly; injurious 
to health. 

poke (pok), n. a thrust or push; a 
bag or sack: v.t. to thrust or push 
against, especially with something 
pointed; thrust at with the horns: 
v.i. to grope or feel about in the 
dark; search. 



poker ('er), n. a metal bar for stir- 
ring fires; a card game. 

poking ('ing), adj. servile; drudging. 

poky (po'ki), adj. lacking spirit or 
interest; slow; stupid. 

polar ('lar), adj. pertaining to, or sit- 
uated near, either of the poles, espe- 
cially the North Pole; pertaining to 
the magnetic poles. 

polariscope (-lar'i-skop), n. an in- 
strument for exhibiting polarized 
light. 

polarity ('i-ti), n. the property pos- 
sessed by certain bodies, as in elec- 
trified or magnetized bodies, by 
which they arrange themselves in 
certain directions or tend to given 
poles. 

polarization (-i-za'shun), n. the act 
of polarizing; the state of being po- 
larized. 

polarize (-iz), v.t. to communicate 
polarity to. 

pole (pol), n. a long staff; a measure 
= 5/^ yards; a square measure = 
30^4 yards; a measuring instru- 
ment; one of the extremities of the 
imaginary axis of the earth; one of 
the two points in a magnet in which 
the attractive or repellent force is 
concentrated; that on which any- 
thing revolves; the extreme opposite. 

polecat ('kat), n. a small carnivo- 
rous animal which emits a strong of- 
fensive odor. 

polemic (po-lem'ik), n. a controver- 
sialist: pi. the art of controversy; 
controversial # writings, especially 
those on religious subjects. 

pole-star (pol'star), n. the north 
star (Polaris) situated in Ursa Mi- 
nor, within xy^ degrees of the true 
pole; a guide. 

police (po-les'), n. in a city, town, or 
district, an organized force of civil 
officers for preserving order. 

policeman ('man), n. a member of a 
police force. 

policy (pol'i-si) ,n. [pi. policies, (-siz) ], 
the art or method of government; 
management of public affairs; sys- 
tem of regulative measures; sagacity 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



POLIOMYELITIS 



560 



POLYGAMIST 



in management; course of conduct; 
prudence; cunning; a document 
given to insurers containing a 
contract of insurance; a warrant for 
money in the public funds; a gam- 
bling game. 

poliomyelitis (pol-i-o-mi-e-lit'is), n. 
the medical name of infantile spinal 
paralysis. 

polish ('ish), v.t. to make smooth or 
glossy by friction; make polite or 
refined: v.i. to become polished: n. a 
sinooth, glossy surface; a prepara- 
tion for imparting a polish; refine- 
ment or elegance of manners. 

Polish (po'lish), adj. pertaining to 
Poland, its language, .or to its in- 
habitants. 

polite (-lit'), adj. well-bred; refined 
in manner; courteous or obliging. 

politeness ('nes), n. good-breeding; 
courtesy. 

politesse (pol-i-tes'), n. over-acted 
politeness. 

politic ('i-tik), adj. shrewd; specious; 
sagacious: especially in policy; 
adapted to promote the welfare of 
the state: n.pl. the art of government 
or the administration of public 
affairs; political opinions; party 
management or control. 

political (po-lit'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to politics, or to a nation or 
state; derived from government. 

political economy (e-kon'o-mi), n. 
the science that treats of wealth, its 
nature, production, distribution, and 
consumption, and the laws which 
regulate and govern these. 

politician ('i-tish-un), n. one who is 
skilled in politics; a statesman. 

politics. See under politic. 

polity ('i-ti), n. the form 6r constitu- 
tion of the civil government of a 
state; constitution. 

polka (pol'ka), n. a dance of Bohe- 
mian origin, performed by two per- 
sons; music suitable for such a 



poll (pol), n. the head, especially the 
back part of it; a register of per- 
sons, especially those entitled to vote 



at elections; an election; number of 
votes recorded at an election; place 
where votes are cast: v.t. to lop; 
clip or shear; enroll in a register; 
bring to the poll, as a voter; to cast 
or deposit in a ballet box; to poll a 
jury is to examine each member in- 
dividually as to his concurrence in 
the verdict. 

pollack (pol'ak), n. a species of cod- 
fish. 

pollard Card), n. a tree lopped or 
polled; a stag that has cast its 
horns; a mixture of bran and meal; 
the # chub-fish. 

pollen ('en), n. the fertilizing pow- 
der in the cells of the anthers of 
flowers. 

pollination (-i-na'shun), n. the con- 
veyance of pollen from the anther to 
the stigma of a flower. 

pollock. Same as pollack. 

poll-tax (pol'taks), n. a capitation 
tax. 

pollute (pol-luf), v.t. to defile; ren- 
der unclean; taint with guilt; cor- 
rupt; violate. 

pollution (-lu'shun), n. the act of 
polluting; jthe state of being pol- 
luted; defilement; legal or ceremo- 
nial uncleanness. 

polo (po'lo), n. a game similar to 
hockey, played on horseback. 

polonaise (po-lo-naz'), n. a dress, 
body and skirt made in one; a Po- 
lish air or dance. 

polonium (po-lo'ni-um), a radio- 
active element. 

poltroon (pol-troon'), n. a coward. 

poly, a prefix meaning many, much. 

polyandry (pol-i-an'dri), n. the prac- 
tice of a woman having more than 
one husband at the same time: op- 
posed to polygamy. 

polyanthus (-an'thus), n. a hand- 
some flower; a cultivated variety of 
the oxlip primrose. 

polychrome ('i-krom), adj. having 
many colors: n. a work executed in 
many colors. 

polygamist (p6-lig'a-mist), n. one 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



POLYGAMOUS 



561 



PONTIFICAL 



who practices or upholds polyg- 
amy. 

polygamous ('a-mus), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or practicing, polygamy. 

polygamy ('a-mi), n. the practice of 
having more than one wife at the 
same time. 

polyglot (pol'i-glot), adj. containing 
many languages: n. a book, espe- 
cially an edition of the Bible, in 
several languages. 

polygon ('i-gon), n. a figure having 
many angles. 

polygraph ('i-graf), n. a manifold 
writer. 

polyhedral (-he'dr&l), adj. having 
many sides or faces. Also polyhe- 
drous, polyhedric. 

polyhedron ('dron), n. a solid having 
many sides or faces; a polyscope. 

polyp ('ip), n. an extensive group of* 
radiated animals including the hy- 
dra, sea-anemone, &c. Also polype, 
polypus. 

polypus ('pus), n. [pi. polypi (-pi)], 
a fleshy tumor in the nose or uterus; 
a polype. 

polyscope ('skop),n. a multiplying lens. 

poly style ('stil), n. a building with 
many columns. 

polysyllabic (-sil-ab'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, or consisting of, three or 
more syllables. Also polysyllabical. 

polysyllable ('a-bl), n. a word con- 
sisting of three or more syllables. 

polytechnic (-tek'nik), adj. noting, 
including, or giving instruction in, 
the arts and sciences: n. a school for 
imparting instruction in the arts 
and sciences. 

polytheism ('i-the-izm), n. the doc-, 
trine of a plurality of gods, each 
taking a part in the government of 
the world. 

polytheist ('ist), n. a believer in 
polytheism. 

polytype (-tip), n. a facsimile in 
metal of an engraving on wood. 

polyvalent (-va'lan), n. anti- toxin dis- 
covered by French bacteriologist and 
applied with success to prevent infec- 
tion of wounds in the European war. 



pomade (po-mad'), n. a perfumed 
ointment for dressing the hair. 

pomegranate (pom'gran-at), n. a 
tree (Punica Granatum) yielding an 
orange-like, edible fruit with a thick 
rind and numerous seeds. 

pommel (pum'el), n. the knob on a 
sword-hilt; the high part of a saddle- 
bow: v.t. to beat with anything thick 
or bulky; bruise. 

pomology (po-mol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
ence of cultivating fruit and fruit- 
trees, especially apples; a treatise on 
fruits. 

Pomona (po-mo'na), n. the Roman 
goddess presiding over the orchard 
and vineyard. 

pomp (pomp), n. ostentatious dis- 
play; grandeur; parade, 

pompon (pom'pon), n. a tufted orna- 
ment; a variety of chrysanthemum. 

pomposity (-pos'i-ti), n. the state of 
being pompous. Also pompousness. 

pompous (pom'pus), adj. stately; 
grand; self-important; ostentatious. 

poncho (pon'cho), n. a sort of cloak 
or loose woolen garment worn in 
Spanish America. 

pond (pond), n. a pool of standing 
water. 

ponder (pon-der), v.t. to weigh men- 
tally: v.i. to deliberate. 

ponderability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being ponderable. Also 
ponderableness. 

ponderable ('der-a-bl), adj. capable 
of being weighed. 

ponderosity (-os'i-ti), n. weight. 

ponderous ('der-us), adj. very heavy; 
weighty; important; dull. 

pone (pon), n. bread made of maize- 
meal, milk, &c. 

pongee (pon-je')> n. an inferior kind 
of silk. 

poniard (pon'yard), n. a small dag- 
ger: v.t. to stab with a poniard. 

Pontiff ('tif), n. a high priest; the 
Pope. 

pontifical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
a pontiff, high priest, or pope; pa- 
pal: n. a book containing ecclesiasti- 
cal rites and ceremonies: pi. the full 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PONTIFICATE 



562 



PORT 



dress worn by an officiating priest or 
bishop. 

pontificate ('i-kat), n. the office or 
dignity of a high priest or pope; the 
reign of a pope. 

pontoon (pon-toon'), n. & buoyant, 
flat-bottomed structure supporting a 
floating military bridge; a bridge of 
boats; a lighter. 

poop (poop), n. the stern of a ship; 
the raised deck in the stern of a ves- 
sel: v.t. to strike the stern of; break 
heavily over the stern of: said of 
waves. 

Pope (pop), n. the bishop of Rome 
and head of the Roman Catholic 
Church; a title of priests of the 
Greek Church; a variety of perch. 

popinjay ('in-ja), n. a parrot; fop. 

poplar (po^'lar), n. a tree of rapid 
growth, with a white soft wood. 

poplin ('lin), n. a fabric of silk and 
worsted. 

poppet ('et), n. one of the timbers 
that support a ship in launching; a 
term of endearment. 

poppy ('i), n. any plant of the genus 
Papaver, with bright showy flowers; 
from one species (Papaver somnif- 
erum) opium is obtained. 

populace ('u-las), n. the common 
people. 

popular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to, 
suitable for, or pleasing to, the com- 
mon people; easily understood; ple- 
beian. 

popularity (-lar'i-ti) f n. the state or 
quality of being popular; general 
esteem. 

popularize (-Iz), v.t. to render pop- 
ular. 

populate ('u-lat), v.t. to furnish with 
inhabitants. 

-population (la/shun), n. the inhab- 
itants of a country, place, town, &c, 
collectively. 

Populist (-list), n. a member of a 
political party in the United States 
known as the Populist or People's 
party. 

populous ('u-lus), adj. thickly peo- 
pled. 



porcelain (porslan or p6rs'lan), n. 
a fine, white, thin, semi-transparent 
kind of earthenware: adj. pertaining 
to, or made of, porcelain. 

porch (porch), n. a vestibule sup- 
ported by pillars; portico. 

porcine (p6r'sin), adj. pertaining to 
swine. 

porcupine Cku-pin), n. a rodent cov- 
ered with spines, of the genus Hys- 
trix. 

pore (por), n. a minute hole in the 
skin through which perspiration 
passes to the surface; an opening 
between the molecules of a body: v.i. 
to look with close and steady atten- 
tion, as on a book. 

porgee (por'je), n. same as porgy. 

porgy ('ji), n. a marine fish much 
esteemed for food. 

pork-barrel (pork'bar'el), n. term 

applied in the United States to 

• Congressional appropriation bills 

for rivers,, harbors, and public 

buildings. 

porosity (por-os'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being porous. Also por- 
ousness. 

porous ('us), adj. having pores. 

porphyritic (p6r-fi-rit'ik), adj. hav- 
ing the appearance, or texture of, 
porphyry. 

porphyry ('fi-ri), n. originally a red- 
dish igneous rock found in Egypt, 
with enclosed crystals of feldspar; 
now applied to any rock having a 

. feldspathic base with feldspar crys- 
tals. 

porphyry-shell (-shel), n. a uni- 
valve shell of the genus Murex, 
yielding a purple dye. 

porpoise (por'pus), n. a cetaceous 
mammal of the genus Phocaena; the 
sea-hog. 

porridge (por'ij), n. oatmeal boiled 
slowly in water until it thickens. 

porringer ('in-jer), n. a small dish 
for porridge, &c. 

port (port), n. a harbor; harem; de- 
portment or carriage; the left side 
of a ship; porthole; gate; a dark 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PORTABILITY 



563 



POSITIVE 



colored Portuguese wine: v.t. to turn 
to the port or left side of a ship: as, 
to port the helm. 

portability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state of 
being portable. Also portableness. 

portable ('a-bl), adj. that may be 
easily carried by hand or about the 
person. 

portage ('aj), n. carriage; cost of 
carriage; a break in a chain of water 
communication over which goods, 
boats, &c, have to be carried. 

portal ('al), n. a gate or entrance; 
an arch over a gateway or door. 

portcullis (-ktil'is), n. a strong har- 
row-shaped grating hung over the 
doorway of a fortified. place and ca- 
pable of being let down to defend 
the gate. 

Porte (port), n. the Turkish govern- 
ment and court: so called from the 
gate of the Sultan's palace where 
justice was administered. 

portemonnaie ('mon-a), n. a purse 
[French]. 

portend (por-tend'), v.t. to indicate 
in advance; presage; forebode. 

portent ('tent), n. an omen, especial- 
ly of ill. 

portentous ('us), adj. ominous; fore- 
shadowing evil; wondrous. 

porter (por'ter), n. a door- or gate- 
keeper; a dark-colored malt beer; 
one who carries parcels, &c, for 
hire. Feminine porteress. 

porterage (-aj), n. money charged 
for carriage by a porter. 

portfire (port 'fir), n. a paper tube 
filled with powder, &c, formerly used 
for firing guns. 

portfolio (-fo'li-o), n. a portable case 
for loose papers, drawings, &c; 
the office and functions of a minister 
of state. 

porthole ('hoi), n. a window-shaped 
hole in the side of a ship, especially 
of a man-of-war. 

portico (por'ti-ko), n. [pi. porticos 
(-koz)], a walk covered by a roof 
supported on columns; a columned 
porch. 



portiere (-tiar'), n. a door-curtain 
[French]. 

portion ('shun), n. a piece or part; 
allotment; dividend; final state; 
dowry; part of an estate descending 
to an heir: v.t. to divide; allot; en- 
dow with a fortune. 

portly ('li), adj. stately of mien; cor- 
pulent. ' 

portmanteau (-man'to), n. [pi. port- 
manteaux ('top) ], a bag or trunk 
for carrying clothes or traveling ne- 
cessities. 

portoise (por'tiz), n. a ship's gun- 
wale. 

portrait ('trat), n. a picture or rep- 
resentation of an individual or face 
drawn from life; a vivid graphic de- 
scription in words. 

portraiture ('tra-ttir), n. the art or 
practice of drawing or painting por- 
traits; vivid delineation in words. 

portray (-tra'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. por- 
trayed, p.pr. portraying], to paint 
or draw the likeness of; describe in 
words. 

portrayal ('al), n. description. 

Portuguese (por-tii-gez'), adj. per- 
taining to Portugal, its inhabitants, 
or language. 

pose (poz), n. attitude or position: 
v.i. to assume an attitude: v.t. to 
puzzle or perplex; cause to be at a 
loss. 

poser (poz'er), n. a puzzling ques- 
tion; one who, or that which, poses 
or puzzles. 

position (po-zish'un), n. the state of 
being set or placed; situation; atti- 
tude; principle laid down; office; so- 
cial status. 

positive (poz'i-tiv), adj. clearly ex- 
pressed; actual; direct; explicit;, 
overconfident; dogmatical; settled 
by arbitrary appointment; having^ 
power to act directly; noting the* 
simple form of an adjective (posi- 
tive degree) ; affected by the sign -f- 
(positive quantity): n. that which 
may be affirmed; reality; a word 
which affirms or asserts existence; a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon r 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



POSITIVISM 



564 



POTASH 



photograph with the natural lights 
and shades restored. 

positivism ('i-tiv-izm), n. a French 
philosophical and religious system 
originated by Auguste Comte (1798- 
1857), called also Comtism, and the 
Religion of Humanity. 

posit ivist (-ist), n. an adherent of 
positivism. 

posse (pos'e), n. an improvised force 
of men. 

posse comitatus (kom-i-ta'tus), the 
force of citizens which the sheriff of 
a county is empowered to raise to 
quell a riot, &c. 

possess (po-zes'), v.t. to have as an 
owner; be master of; occupy; seize. 

possession (-zesh'un), n. the having, 
holding, or detention of property; 
the thing possessed; property or es- 
tate. 

possessor ('er), n. owner; one who 



possessory ('o-ri), adj. pertaining to 
possession. 

posset (pos'et), n. milk curdled with 
wine, &c. 

possibility (-i-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
of being possible; contingency. 

possible ('i-bl), adj. that may hap- 
pen or exist. 

possibly ('i-bli), adv. by possibility; 
perhaps. 

possum. Same as opossum. 

post, a prefix meaning after, as post- 
date. 

postage ('aj), the fee for the convey- 
ance of letters by post. 

postal ( 1), adj. pertaining to the 
postoffice or mail service. 

postal-zone (post'al-zon'), n. one of 
a series of concentric zones to facili- 
tate the operation of the parcels- 
post. 

postdiluvial (-di-lu'vi-al), adj. taking 
place after the deluge. 

poster ('er), n. a large advertising bill. 

posterior (pos-te'ri-er), adj. subse- 
quent in time or place; hinder: n.pl. 
the hinder parts of an animal. 

posterity (-ter'i-ti), n. [pi. posteri- 



ties (-tiz)], succeeding generations; 
descendants. 

postern (pos'tern), n. a small gate 
or door; private entrance; vaulted 
passage beneath the parapet and 
through the rampart of a fortifica- 
tion: adj. behind; private. 

post facto (post fak'to), done after 
the act; retrospective. 

postfix ('fiks), v.t. to affix. 

posthumous (post'u-mus), adj. born 
after the death of the father; pub- 
lished after the death of an author. 

postilion (pos-til'yun), n. the rider 
on the near leader in a carriage. 

postmaster (post'mas-ter), n. the su- 
perintendent of a postoffice; one who 
supplies post-horses. 

postmaster-general (jen'er-al), n. 
the chief officer of the postoffice de- 
partment. 

post-meridian (-me-rid'i-an), adj. 
after noon. 

post office, the governmental de- 
partment for forwarding mail. An 
office where mail is received and 
distributed. 

postpone (pon'), v.t. td delay; defer. 

postponement ('ment), n. the act of 
deferring to a future time; tempo- 
rary delay. 

postscript ('skript), n. a paragraph 
added to a letter after the writer's 
signature; appendix to a book. 

postulate (pos'tii-lat) , v.t. to assume 
without proof; solicjt: n. a self-evi- 
dent problem; a position assumed as 
self-evident. 

posture ('tur), n. attitude; placing 
or position of parts of the body; 
state: v.i. to place the body in par- 
ticular postures. 

posy (po'zi), n. a bunch of flowers, 
originally a motto or verse sent with 
a bouquet. 

potable (p5'ta-bl), adj. drinkable. 

potance (po'tans), n. the stud in 
which the lower pivot of the verge of 
a watch is placed. 

potash (pot'ash), n. a powerful alka- 
li obtained from the ashes of certain 
plants. Also potass, potassa. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me", merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, Men. 



- — 



POTASSIUM 



565 



POWER 



potassium (po-tas'i-um), n. a monad 
element, the metallic base of potash. 

potation (po-ta'shun), n. drinking 
bout; a draught or drink. 

potato (-ta'to), n. [pi. potatoes 
(-toz)J, the edible tuber of a South 
American plant, widely cultivated; 
the plant itself. 

potency ('ten-si), n. power, physical 
or mental. 

potent ('tent), adj. powerful; having 
great authority or influence. 

potentate ('ten-tat), n. one who .pos- 
sesses great power; sovereign or 
monarch. 

potential (-ten'shal), adj. existing in 
possibility, not in reality; latent; in 
grammar, expressing power, possi- 
bility, liberty, or obligation. 

potentiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. possi- 
bility without reality. 

pother (poth'er), n. confusion; bus- 
tle: v.i. to make a stir: v.t. to con- 
fuse; tease. 

pothouse (pofhous), n. a low public- 
house. 

potion (po'shun), n. a draft; dose. 

pot-pourri (po-poo-re'), n. a medley, 
especially of musical airs; a dish 
composed of various kinds of meats 
and vegetables. 

potsherd (pot'sherd), n. a fragment 
of a broken pot. fc . 

pottage ('aj), n. a kind of soup. 

potter ('er) f n. a maker of pottery. 

pottery ('er-i), n. [pi. potteries (-iz)], 
earthenware of all kinds; the place 
where it is manufactured. 

pottle (potl), n. a liquid measure = 
4 pints; a small conical basket for 
holding fruit. 

pottoroo (-o-roo'), n. the "kangaroo 
rat of Australia. Also potoroo. 

pouch (pouch), n. a small bag; 
pocket; bag or sack of an animal; 
cartridge-box; protuberant stomach. 

poulp (poolp), n. the octopus. Also 
poulpe. 

poult (polt), n, a pullet; a young 
chicken, turkey, partridge, &c. 

poulterer (pol-ter-er), n. a dealer in 
poultry. 



poultice ('tis), n. a soft preparation 
of bread, meal, &c, applied to a sore 
or inflamed part of the body ; a cata- 
plasm: v.t. to apply a poultice to. 

poultry ('tri), n. domestic fowls. 

pounce (pouns), n. a fine powder for- 
merly used for drying ink on paper, 
now chiefly used for sprinkling into 
holes in paper in pattern-making; 
Jthe talon or claw of a bird of prey; 
v.t. to sprinkle with pounce: v.i. to 
fall upon and seize with, or as with, 
the claws. 

pound (pound), n. a standard weight 
= 16 ounces avoirdupois, or 12 
ounces troy; a monetary unit == 20 
shillings or about $4.86; an inclos- 
ure for confining stray cattle: v.t. to 
shut in or confine in a pound; beat; 
pulverize as in a mortar: v.i. to plod. 

poundage ('aj), n. an allowance of 
so much in the pound. 

pour (por), v.t. to empty, as a liquid, 
out of a vessel; discharge in a con- 
tinuous stream; send forth; give 
vent to; utter: v.i. to stream; rush 
tumultuously. 

pourparler (poor-par 'la), n. [pi. pour- 
parlers ('laz) ], a diplomatic con- 
sultation preliminary to a treaty. 

pout (pout), n. a poult; a thrusting 
out of the lips; fit of sullenness; a 
kind of codfish: v.i. to thrust out the 
lips in sullenness, contempt, or dis- 
pleasure; look sulky. 

pouter ('er), n. one who pouts; a 
pigeon. 

poverty (pov'er-ti), n. the state of 
being poor; indigence; necessity; 
penury; deficiency or defect, as of 
words, &c. 

powan (pou'an), n. a fish similar to 
the herring, found in Loch Lomond. 

powder ('der), n. any dry substance 
in fine particles; gunpowder; face- 
powder; a medicinal preparation: 
v.t. to reduce to, or sprinkle with, 
powder; salt. 

power (pou'er), n. the faculty of do- 
ing or performing something; abil- 
ity; energy; force; strength; rule or 
authority; dominion; government; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; bodn, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



POW-WOW 



566 



PREAMBLE 



influence; mental capacity; legal 
authority; ruler or sovereign; state 
*or nation; supernatural being or 
agent; force tending to produce mo- 
tion; magnifying power of a lens; 
the product arising from the multi- 
plication of a number or quantity 
into itself. 

pow-wow (pou'wou), n. a North 
American Indian priest or conjurer; 
an incantation accompanied with 
noise and dancing for the cure of 
disease; a noisy political meeting: 
v.i. to conjure; frolic noisily. 

pox (poks), n. an eruptive disease 
characterized by pustules; syphilis. 

praam (pram), n. a flat-bottomed 
boat or lighter used in Holland and 
the Baltic. 

practicability (prak-ti-ka-bil'i-ti), n. 
the state of being practicable. 

practicable ('ti-ka-bl), adj. that may 
be done, used, or passed over; 
feasible; possible. 

practical ( ti-kal), adj. pertaining to 
action or use; useful; capable of ap- 
plying knowledge or theory to prac- 
tice; derived from, or reduced to, 
practice. 

practice (prak'tis), n. frequent or 
customary action; dexterity acquired 
by habit; use; exercise of any pro- 
fession; systematic exercise; a rule 
in arithmetic: v.t. to do habitually 
or repeatedly; perform; exercise, as 
a profession: v.i. to form a habit; 
exercise a profession. 

practitioner (-tish'un-er), n. one 
who is engaged in the exercise of 
any profession, especially medicine 
or law. 

prse, see pre. 

praecipe (pres'i-pe), n. a writ requir- 
ing something to be done, or the rea- 
son why it is not performed. 

praenomen (pre-no'men), n. a name 
prefixed to the family name. 

praetor ('ter), n. a Roman magistrate 
ranking next to consul. 

pragmatic (prag-mat'ik), adj. med- 
dling; officious; assuming business 
airs. Also pragmatical. 



pragmatism (prag'ma-tizm), n. a 
modern school of philosophy, which 
offers new theories of meaning, 
truth, and knowledge, and seeks to 
work out a new theory of reality; 
technically "anew name for some 
old ways of thinking." 

prairie (pra'ri), n. an extensive treeless 
tract of level or slightly undulating 
land covered with tall coarse grass. 

prairie-dog (-dog), n. a small bur- 
rowing rodent that lives in commu- 
nijties on the prairies. 

praise (praz), n. approbation; com- 
mendation; tribute of gratitude for 
benefits; renown; applause; object 
or reason of praise: v.t. to bestow 
commendation upon; honor; wor- 
ship; glorify. 

prance (prans), n. a spring or bound: 
v.i. to spring or bound; ride osten- 
tatiously; strut about in a showy 
or bellicose manner. 

prank (prangk), n. a freak or frolic; 
mischievous trick: v.t. to dress up in 
a showy style; decorate. 

prate (prat), v.i. to prattle; talk 
idly; be loquacious: v.t. to utter 
without sense or meaning: n. tri- 
fling talk. Also prating. 

pratique (pra-tek'), n. a license to a 
ship to trade after quarantine, or 
after a certificate has been given 
that the vessel has not come from an 
infected port. 

prattle (prat'l), n. childish or empty 
talk: v.i. to talk much and lightly; 
chatter. 

prawn (prawn), n. a small marine 
crustacean, allied to the shrimp. 

praxis (prak'sis), n. an example or 
series of examples for exercise. 

pre, a prefix,; meaning before, prior in 
time, space, or degree. 

preach (prech), v.i. to pronounce a 
public discourse on a sacred subject, 
especially from a text of Scripture; 
give advice in an offensive or obtru- 
sive manner on religious or moral 
grounds : v.t. to teach publicly. 

preamble (pre'am-bl), n. an intro- 
duction or preface; the> Opening 



Bte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




PREAUDIENCE 



567 



PRECURSORY 



clauses of a statute setting forth the 
reasons and object of the act: com- 
mencing with the word whereas. 

preaudience (-aw'di-ens), n. the 
right of previous audience; preced- 
ence at the bar. 

prebend (preb'end), n. the stipend 
granted to a canon out of the estate 
of a cathedral or collegiate church. 

precarious (pre-ka'ri-us), adj. de- 
pending upon the will or pleasure of 
another; uncertain; held by a doubt- 
ful tenure. 

precaution (pre-kaw'shun), n. cau- 
tion taken beforehand; preventive 
measure. 

precautionary (-a-ri), adj. contain- 
ing, or proceeding from, precaution. 

precede (pre-sed'), v.t. to go before 
in time, place, rank, or importance. 

precedence (-se'dens), n. the act of 
going before in time, rank, &c; pri- 
ority; relative rank in social eti- 
quette. Also precedency. 

precedent ('dent), adj. going before; 
anterior: n. (pres'e-dent) something 
previously said or done, serving as 
an example to be followed; a paral- 
lel case in the past. 

preceding (pre-sed'ing), p.adj. going 
before; antecedent; former. 

precentor (-sen'ter), n. the leader of 
a cathedral choir, &c; the leader of 
the psalmody in a Presbyterian 
church. 

precept (pre'sept), n. an authoritative 
command; rule of action or moral 
conduct; maxim; written mandate . 

preceptor ('ter), n. an instructor or 
teacher. Fern, preceptress. 

preceptory (-sep'to-ri), adj. giving 
or containing, precepts: n. a college 
or religious house of the Knights 
Templars. 

precession (-sesh'un), n. a going for- 
ward, especially the slow but con- 
tinual shifting of the equinoctial 
points along the ecliptic from east 
to west {'precession of the equi- 
noxes). 

precinct (pre'singkt), n. an outward 



limit or boundary; minor territorial 
district. 

precious (presh'us), adj. of great 
price or value; costly; highly es- 
teemed; worthless {in irony). 

precipice (pres'i-pis), n. a steep de- 
scent, especially one nearly or quite 
perpendicular. 

precipitance (pre-sip'i-tans), n. 
haste in resolving or carrying out a 
purpose. Also precipitancy. 

precipitant ('i-tant), adj. falling head- 
long; hasty: n. any chemical sub- 
stance that causes something held 
in solution by a liquid to fall down 
in a solid state. 

precipitate (-sip'i-tat), v.t. to throw 
headlong; urge on violently; hurry 
on rashly, thoughtlessly, or unex- 
pectedly; throw to the bottom of a 
vessel: v.i. to fall to the bottom of 
a vessel: adj. headlong; over hasty; 
rash; falling, flowing, or rushing 
headlong: n. a substance precipi- 
tated. 

precipitous ('i-tus), adj. very steep; 
headlong; rash; hasty. 

precise (pre-sis'), adj. exact; strict; 
accurate; definite; adhering rigidly 
to rule; punctilious. 

precisian (-sizh'an), n. a punctilious 
or over-precise person. 

preclude (-klood')> v.t. to shut out; 
hinder from access; obviate; pre- 
vent. 

preclusion (-kloo'zhun), n. the act 
of precluding; the state of being 

- precluded. 

precocious (-ko'shus), adj. prema- 
turely ripe or developed; pertly for- 
ward. 

precocity (-kos'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being precocious; prema- 
ture development. Also precocious- 
ness. 

precognition (-kog-nish'un), n. pre- 
vious knowledge or thought. 

precursor (-ker'ser), n. one who, or 
that which, precedes; forerunner; 
omen. 

precursory ('so-ri), adj. indicating 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PREDACIOUS 



568 



PREHENSION 



something that is to happen or fol- 
low. 

predacious (da'shus), adj. living by- 
prey. 

predatory (pred'a-to-ri), adj. rapa- 
cious; plundering; pillaging. 

predecessor (pre-de-ses'er), n. one 
who has preceded another in the 
same office, business, position, &c; 
an ancestor. 

predestinarian (-des-ti-na'ri-an), adj. 
pertaining to predestination: n. 
one who believes in the doctrine of 
predestination. 

predestinate ('ti-nat), v.t. to ordain 
beforehand by an unchangeable 
purpose. 

predestination (-na'shun), n. the 
act of foreordaining; the doctrine 
that God has from all eternity de- 
creed whatever comes to pass, espe- 
cially, by an unchangeable purpose, 
the eternal life or death of man. 

predicability (pred-i-ka-bil'i-ti), n. 
the state or quality of being predica- 
ble. 

predi cable ('i-ka-bl), adj. capable of 
being predicated: n. in logic, a term 
that can be predicated of others, 
and noting genus, species, difference, 
property, or accident. 

predicament (pre-dik'a-ment), n. in 
logic, a category; a peculiar situa- 
tion; critical condition or state. 

predicate ('i-kat), v.t. to affirm one 
thing of another; found: n. in logic, 
that which is affirmed or denied of 
the subject. 

predication (-ka/shun), n. affirma- 
tion. 

predicative (-tiv), adj. affirmative. 

prediction (pre-dik'shun), n. the 
declaration of a future event; 
prophecy. 

predigestion (pre-di-jes'chun), n. the 
peptonizing of food by artificial 
means before eating, thereby avoid- 
ing irritation of the stomach. 

predilection (pre-di-lek'shun), n. pre- 
ference beforehand; prepossession; 
partiality. 



predispose (-dis-poz'), v.t. to incline 
beforehand; adapt previously. 

predisposition (-po-zish'un), n. pre- 
vious inclination or propensity; 
prejudice. 

predominant ('i-nant), adj. having 
superior influence, &c.; superior; 
controlling. 

preempt (pre-empt'), v.t. to secure 
or occupy by preemption; establish 
a right or claim to before others. 

preemption (-emp'shun), n. the act 
or right of purchasing before others. 

preen (pren), n. a forked instrument 
used in cloth dressing: v.t. to 
cleanse, trim, and compose with the 
beak, as birds. 

preface (pref'as), n. the introduction 
to a book, &c; preamble: v.t. to in- 
troduce by preliminary remarks : v.i. 
to say or do something introductory. 

prefatory ('a-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, a preface; 
introductory. 

prefect (pre'fekt), n. a civil magis- 
trate or governor; commander; 
monitor; the civil governor of a de- 
partment in France. 

prefecture (-tur), n. the office, jurisdic- 
tion, or official residence of a prefect. 

prefer (-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pre- 
ferred, p.pr. preferring], to regard 
or esteem more than something else; 
present; place in advance. 

preference (pref'er-ens), n. the act 
of preferring; the thing preferred; 
choice of one thing more than anoth- 
er; predilection. 

preferential (-en'shal), adj. having 
a preference. 

prefix (pre'fiks), n. a letter, word, or 
syllable placed at the beginning of a 
word: v.t. (pre-fiks') to place before 
or at the beginning of. 

pregnancy (preg'nan-si), n. the state 
of being pregnant; inventive power. 

pregnant ('nant), adj. being with 
young ; fruitful; teeming; fertile; 
full of importance or significance. 

prehensile ('sil), adj. adapted for 
holding or seizing. 

prehension ('shun), n. a taking hold. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; bo 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



* 




PREJUDICE 



569 



PREPOSTEROUS 



prejudice (prej'u-dis), n. previous 
and unfavorable bias; prejudgment 
without due examination; detri- 
ment; injury: v.t. to prepossess 
against; bias the mind of; create a 
prejudice against; hurt, impair or 
damage in any way. 

prejudicial (-dish'al), adj. disadvan- 
tageous; injurious. 

prelacy (prel'a-si), n. the office or 
status of a prelate; episcopacy: 
bishops collectively. 

prelate ('at), n. an ecclesiastical dig- 
nitary having episcopal authority. 

prelatic (pre-lat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, prelates or 
prelacy. Also prelatical. 

prelection (-lek'shun), n. a lecture, 
&c, read before students or others. 

prelector ('ter), n. a lecturer. 

preliminary (-lim'i-na-ri), adj. pre- 
ceding the main discourse or busi- 
ness; introductory: n. an introduc- 
tion; something preceding. 

prelude (prel'M, or pre'lud), n. a 
short piece of music played as an 
introduction to a larger piece; pref- 
ace: v.t. to serve as a prelude to; 
precede. 

prelusory (pre-lu'so-ri), adj. intro- 
ductory. 

premature (pre-ma-ttir'), adj. ripe 
before the proper time; arriving, oc- 
curring, or done? before the proper 
time. 

premeditate (-med'i-tat), v.t. to de- 
sign, conceive, or deliberate, before- 
hand. 

premeditation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
of premeditating. 

premier (prem'i-er, or pre'mi-er), 
adj. first; chief: n. the prime minister. 

premiership (-ship), n. the office or 
dignity of prime minister. 

premise (pre-miz'), v.t. to explain 
previously; lay down as proposi- 
tions to reason from: v.i. to state 
antecedent propositions: n. (prem'- 
is) a proposition antecedently as- 
sumed and laid down: pi. the two 
propositions of a syllogism in logic, 
the major and minor, from which 



the conclusion is drawn. (Also 
premises); a building and its ad- 
juncts; foregoing statements or 
facts of a deed of conveyance. 

premium (pre'mi-um), n. a recom- 
pense or reward; prize or bounty: 
bonus; payment for insurance; value 
above the original price or par of 
stock, &c. 

premonitory (-mon'i-td-ri), adj. giv- 
ing warning beforehand. 

preoccupy (pre-ok'u-pi), v.t. to take 
prior possession of; to occupy to the 
exclusion of another; to occupy 
beforehand. 

preparation (prep-a-ra'shun), n. the 
act of preparing or fitting for a par- 
ticular purpose; state of being pre- 
pared; readiness; a part of an ani- 
mal body prepared for anatomical 
use; that which is prepared or made 
ready, as a medicine, &c. 

preparative (pre-par'll-tiv), adj. tend- 
ing to prepare or make ready. Also 
preparatory: n. that which prepares. 

preparatory (-par'a-to-ri) # , adj. pre- 
viously necessary; introductory. 

prepare (pre-paV), v.t. to make ready 
for; to make adaptable; to arrange: 
v.i. to get things ready. 

prepense (-pens'), adj> premeditated. 

preponderance (-pon'der-ans), n. 
superiority of weight, power, force, 
or influence. 

preponderant (-ant), adj. outweigh- 
ing. 

preposition (prep-o-zizh'un), n. a 
word placed before a noun or pro- 
noun to indicate its relation to some 
other word in the sentence. 

prepositive (pre-pos'i-tiv), adj. placed 
before: n. a word or particle placed 
before another word. 

prepossess (-poz-es'), v.t. to occupy 
beforehand; bias. 

prepossessing ('ing), p. adj. tending 
to win or secure favor; attractive. 

prepossession (-zesh'un), n. prior 
possession; preconceived opinion or 
judgment. 

preposterous (-pos'ter-us), adj. con- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PREROGATIVE 



570 



PRESERVE 



trary to nature or reason; ridiculous; 
absurd. 

prerogative (-rog'a-tiv), n. an ex- 
clusive or peculiar privilege, espe- 
cially of a sovereign. 

presage (pres'aj), n. a # foreboding or 
presentiment: v.t. (pre-saj'), to fore- 
bode; predict. 

presbyopia (-bi-o'pi-a), n. long-sight- 
edness while near objects are indis- 
tinctly seen, caused by a change in 
the refractive power of the eye, due 
to the flattening of the lens. 

presbyter (pres'bi-ter), n. an elder, 
minister, or priest; an elder with 
authority to rule in the early Chris- 
tian church. 

Presbyterian (-bi-te'ri-an), n. one of 
a religious body governed by presby- 
ters: adj. pertaining to a presbyter, 
or to the Presbyterian Church. 

Presbyterianism (-izm), n. the sys- 
tem of church government by pres- 
byters, all of whom are regarded as 
having equal rank and function. 

presbytery ('bi-ter-i), n. in the early 
Christian church, a body of elders; 
in the Presbyterian Church, a court 
composed of the pastors and ruling 
elders of the churches in a given 
district; such district so represented. 

prescience (pre'shiens), n. fore- 
knowledge. 

prescient ('shient), adj. foreknowing. 

prescribe (-skrlb'), v.t. to set down 
authoritatively; direct medically; 
appoint: v.i. to write medical direc- 
tions; give law; claim by prescrip- 
tion. 

prescript ('skript), adj. prescribed; 
directed: n. a direction; prescrip- 
tion. 

prescription (-skrip'shun), n. the 
act of prescribing; the thing pre- 
scribed; a written direction for the 
preparation of a medicine; recipe; 
custom or title continued until it 
has acquired the force of law. 

presence (prez'ens), n. the state or 
quality of being present; quickness 
at expedients; approach face to 
face; society; mien. 



present Cent), adj. being in a cer- 
tain place; at hand or in sight; at 
this time; not past or future; in- 
stant or immediate: n. the present 
time; a gift or donation: pi. what 
is written in a document or con- 
veyance now present or referred to : 
v.t. (pre-zent ), to introduce to a 
superior; exhibit to view; offer; 
give formally; point or aim, as a 
gun; appoint to an ecclesiastical 
benefice; lay before for considera- 
tion. 

presentation (prez-en-ta'shun), n. 
the act of presenting; representa- 
tion; the right or -act of present- 
ing to an ecclesiastical benefice; po- 
sition of a child at parturition. 

presentative ('ta-tiv), adj. having 
the right of presentation; directly 
apprehending or apprehended by 
the mind. 

presentee (-en-te'), n. one who is 
presented to an ecclesiastical bene- 
fice. 

presentient (-sen 'shient), adj. hav- 
ing previous perception. 

presentiment ('ti-ment), n. previ- 
ous apprehension of something about 
to come or happen (usually of im- 
pending evil). 

presently (prez'ent-li), adv. ere long. 

presentment (pre-zent'ment), n. the 
act of presenting; the thing pre- 
sented; representation; notice taken 
of an offense by a grand jury from 
their personal knowledge; formal 
information to the lord of a manor 
by his tenants. 

preservable (-zer'va-bl), adj. that 
may be preserved. 

preservation (prez-er-va/shun), n. 
the act of preserving; the state of 
being preserved from injury or de- 
cay. 

preservative (pre-z er 'va-tiy ) , adj. 
having the power of preserving: n. 
that which preserves. Also preser- 
vatory. 

preserve (-zerv'), v.t. to keep from 
injury; defend; uphold; save; keep 
in a sound state; season with sugar 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 







PRESIDE 



571 



PREVALENT 



for preservation: n. fruit, &c, sea- 

it sorted and kept in sugar; a place set 

:• apart for preserving game. 

t preside (pre-zid'), v.i. to direct or 

; control, especially at a public meet- 
ing; superintend. 

X presidency (prez'i-den-si), n. the of- 

3 fice, dignity, term, jurisdiction, or 

:: residence of a president; one of the 
three principal divisions of British 

I India. 

.. president ('i-dent), n. one who pre- 
sides over a corporation or assem- 
bly; the highest officer of a repub- 
lic; the chief officer of a college, 
university, or society. 

- presidential (-den'shal), adj. per- 
taining to a president. 

I press-gang ('gang), n. a detachment' 
from a ship's crew to force men into 

i the navy. 
pressing ('ing), p.adj. urgent; im- 

3 i portunate. 

■ pressman ('man), n. a printer who 
works at the press and impresses 
the sheets; a journalist. 
prestidigitation (-ti-di j 'i-ta'shun) , n. 
sleight of hand; legerdemain. Also 
prestigiatkm. 
prestige ('tij, or -tezh'), n. moral 
influence due to past reputation, 
achievements, &c. 
presume (pre-zum'), v.t. to take for 
granted on probable grounds; sup- 
pose: v.i. to venture without actual 
leave; form confident or arrogant 
opinions; behave with overconfi- 
dence or presumption, 
presumption (-zump'shun), n. the 
act of presuming; the thing pre- 
sumed; strong probability; arro- 
gance or overconfidence; the as- 
sumption of the credibility of cer- 
tain facts from circumstantial evi- 
dence. 
presumptive ('tiv), adj. taken by 
previous* supposition; proving cir- 
cumstantially; arrogant. 
presumptuous {'tu-us), adj. bold 
and confident to excess; arrogant; 
wilful; rash. 



presuppose (pre-sup-oz'), v.t. to take 
for granted; imply as antecedent. 

presupposition (-o-zish'un), n. a 
supposition previously formed. Also 
presupposal. 

pretend (-tend'), v.t. to allege or 
put forward falsely; mal^e a show 
of; simulate; counterfeit; assert: 
v.i. to put forward a claim, true or 
false. 

pretender ('er), n. one who lays 
claim to anything under the guise 
of a right; one who makes a show 
of anything not real. 

pretense (-tens'), n. false or hypo- 
critical profession; unfounded claim; 
pretext. 

pretension (-ten'shun), n. a claim, 
true or false; assumed right. 

pretentious ('shus), adj. assuming 
aa air of superiority. 

preter, a prefix meaning beyond, 
more, besides, as preternatural, &c. 

preterit (pret'er-it), adj. past; not- 
ing the tense which expresses past 
or completed time or action. Also 
preterite: n. the past tense. 

pretext (pre'tekst), n. a pretense or 
excuse; ostensible motive put for- 
ward to. conceal the real one. 

pretor. Same as praetor. 

pretty ('i), adj. [corny, prettier, su- 
perl. prettiest], pleasing without be- 
ing absolutely beautiful; pleasing; 
neatly arranged or ornamented; 
trim; moderately large or excellent; 
fine: adv. fairly; moderately; tol- 
erably. 

pretzel (pret'zel), n. a hard wheaten 
biscuit, made in the form of a knot 
and salted on the surface. 

prevail (pre-val'), v.i. to overcome; 
gain the advantage; operate effec- 
tually; obtain influence or superiori- 
ty; persuade (with on). 

prevalence (prev-a'lens),. adj. supe- 
rior strength, influence, or efficacy; 
preponderance; general diffusion. 
Also prevalency. 

prevalent ('lent), adj. powerful; pre- 
dominant; victorious; most general. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PREVARICATE 



572 



PRIMITIVE 



prevaricate (pre-var'i-kat), v.i. to 
evade the truth; quibble. 

prevarication (-ka'shun), n. a quib- 
bling to evade the truth; deviation 
from truth or fair dealing. 

prevaricator (-var'i-ka-ter), n. one 
who prevaricates. 

prevent (-vent'), v.t. to hinder, ob- 
struct, or impede; obviate; precede 
(as in prayer-book, "prevent us O 

Lord"). 

prevention (-ven'shun), n. the act 
of preventing; hindrance or. obstruc- 
tion. 

preventive ('tiv), adj. tending to 
prevent: n. that which prevents. 

preventorium (-to'ri-um), n. an in- 
stitution for treatment to ward off 
the development of various diseases' 
in persons- who have tendencies to 
those diseases. 

previous ('vi-us), adj. going before; 
anterior. 

prevision (-vizh'un), n. foreknowledge. 

prey (pra), n. plunder; booty; that 
which may be, or is, seized by a 
wild beast for food: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
preyed, p.pr. preying], to take 
booty or plunder; seize and devour 
an animal as prey; weigh heavily 
(with on or upon). 

priest (prest), n. an ecclesiastic in 
full orders, below a bishop and 
above a deacon; one who officiates 
in sacred offices, especially by of- 
fering sacrifice. Fern, priestess. 

priestcraft ('kraft), n. the policy 

*. pursued by priests for the aggran- 
dizement of their order and material 
interests. 

prig (prig), n. a conceited fellow who 
gives himself airs of wisdom: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. prigged, p.pr. prigging], 
to dress up; primp; prink. 

priggish fish), adj. conceited. 

prim (prim), adj. precise; affectedly 
nice; formally neat: v.t. to deck 
with affected nicety; make prim. 

prima (pre'ma), adj. first (Fern.) 
[Italian]. 

primacy (pri'ma-si), n. the office or 
dignity of a primate. 



prima donna (pre'ma don'a), n. the 
principal female singer in an opera. I 

primage (prim'aj), n a small allow- 
ance paid to the captain and crew 
of a vessel for loading or unloading 
a cargo, &c. 

primal ('al), adj. first. 

primarily (pri'ma-ri-li), adv. in the 
first place; originally. 

primary ('ma-ri), adj. in the first or- 
der of time, place, or rank; chief; 
original; principal; preparatory: n. 
that which is first in rank, place, or 
importance: pi. large quill feathers 
on the last joint of a bird's wing. 

primary colors (kul'erz), n.pl. red, 
yellow, blue. 

primary rocks (roks), n.pl. rocks 
in which no organic remains occur. 

primate ('mat), n. the highest dig- 
nitary in a national church; arch- 
bishop. 

prime (prim), adj. first in order of 
rank, time, or importance; original; 
early; excellent: n. the spring of 
life; first or best part; beginning 
or dawn; height of perfection; the 
first canonical hour: v.t. to prepare 
for firing, as a gun; lay the first 
coat of paint on: v.i. to serve for the 
charge of a gun; convey water with 
the steam to the cylinder of an en- 
gine from the boiler. 

prime number (num'ber), n. a num- 
ber not divisible without remainder 
by any number except itself and 
unity. 

primer (prim'er), n. & manual of 
elementary instructiou; a small 
prayer book; one of two sizes of 
type, long primer and great primer 
(see type). 

primeval (pri-me-val), adj. of the 
earliest age or time; original. 

priming (prim'ing), n. the first coat 
of paint; powder in the nipple of 
a firearm. 

primitive (prim'i-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to the beginning; original; not 
derivative; old-fashioned: n. a word 
in its simplest form and not derived 
from another. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






PRIMOGENITURE 



573 



PRIVATIVE 



primogeniture (pri-mo-jen'i-tur), n. 
seniority of birth; right of the eld- 
est son to succeed to real estate. 

primordial (-mor'di-al), adj. exist- 
ing from the beginning; first in or 
der; original: n. 
element. 

primp (primp), v.t. to deck (one's 
self) in a prim or affected manner; 
prink. 

primrose (prim'roz), n. an early- 
spring flower of a pale yellow color, 
of several species: adj. pale yellow. 

prince (prins), n. a ruler or sover- 
eign; the son of a king or sovereign; 
the chief of a body of men. 

prince consort (kon'sort), n. the 
husband of a female sovereign. 

princely ('li), adj. resembling, or be- 
fitting, a prince; royal; high-born; 
dignified; magnificent. 

princess (prin'ses), n. the daughter 
of a sovereign; the wife of a prince. 
i princess royal (roi'al), n. the eldest 
\ daughter of a sovereign. 

principal (prin'si-pal), adj. occupy- 
ing the first place or rank; chief in 
character, degree, or importance; 



1 chief in authority; head of a firm; 
a capital sum lent at interest. 

•principality (-si-pal'i-ti), n. the ter- 

i ritory of a prince; the country from 
which he derives his title; royal 
state; supreme power, 
principia (-sip'i-a), n.pl. first prin- 
ciples [Latinl. 

principle ('si-pl), n. source of ori- 
gin; element; fundamental truth or 
doctrine; settled rule or law of ac- 
tion or conduct; reason; foundation 
of morality or religion; uprightness: 
v.t. to establish firmly in the mind. 

prink (pringk), v.t. to dress up, or 
deck out, in a showy or ostentatious 
fashion; arrange with nicety. 

prior (pri'er), adj. coming before, in 
time; former: adv. previously: n. the 
head of a priory or monastery, next 
in rank below an abbot. Fern, prioress. 



priorate (-at), n. the office, dignity, 
or government of a prior. 

priority (-or'i-ti), n. the state of be- 
ing first in rank, time, or place; 
first claim, 
first principle or priory ('er-i), n. [pi. priories (-iz)], 
a religious house, in dignity below 
an abbey. 

prism (prizm), n. a solid whose bases 
are similar, equal, and parallel, and 
whose sides are parallelograms; an 
instrument of solid glass with tri- 
angular ends. 

prismatic (priz-mat'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, like, formed by, or 
separated by, a prism.' Also pris- 
matical. 

prismatic colors (kul'erz), n.pl. the 
seven colors into which a ray of 
light is decomposed when refracted 
from a prism. 

prison (priz'n), n. a public building 
for the confinement of criminals, 
&c; jail; any place of confinement 
or detention: v.t. to imprison. 

pristine (pris'tin), adj. pertaining to 
an early period; first; original; 
primitive, 
essential: n. a principal person or prithee (prii/i'e), corruption of "I 
thing; one who takes the lead; the pray thee." 

prittle-prattle (prit'l-prat'l), n. tri- 
fling talk; loquacity. 

privacy (priv'a-si, or priv'a-si), n. a 
state of retirement; place of seclu- 
sion; secrecy. 

private (pri'vat), adj. peculiar to 
one's self; personal; alone; secret; 
not public; secluded; unofficial: n. 
a common soldier. 

privateer (-va-ter'), n. a private ves- 
sel licensed by the government to 
seize and plunder the ships of an 
enemy: v.i. to cruise in a privateer. 

privation (-va'shun), n. the state of 
being deprived of something, espe- 
cially of the necessaries of life; des- 
titution; hardship; absence. 

privative (priv'a-tiv), adj. causing 
privation; taking" away; negative: 
n. that which depends on the absence 
of something else; a prefix or suffix, 
noting absence or negation. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PRIVET 



574 



PROCRASTINATOR 



privet (priv'et), n.. an evergreen 
shrub. 

privilege ('i-lej), n. a law, or exemp- 
tion from the common provisions of 
a law, in favor of an individual or a 
body; peculiar advantage, right, or 
immunity; prerogative: v.t. to in- 
vest with a privilege; exempt. 

privity ('i-ti), n. joint knowledge; 
secrecy. 

privy ^ ('i), adj. private; secret; clan- 
destine; admitted to the knowledge 
of something secret (with to): n. a 
person having an interest in a legal 
action; a necessary house. 

prize (priz), n. a reward gained in a 
competition, lottery, &c. ; that which 
is taken from an enemy in war, es- 
pecially a captured vessel; a lever 
used for forcing or raising heavy 
bodies, &c: v.i. to value; esteem; 
to force with a lever. 

prize-fight ('fit), n. a boxing match 
for stakes. 

pro, a prefix meaning before, in the 
-place of, forth, forward, as pro and 
con, for and against, or both sides of 
an argument, &c. 

probability (prob-a-bil'i-ti), n. ap- 
pearance of truth; likelihood. 

probate (pro'bat), n. the official 
proof of wills; the official copy of a 
will with the certificate of its having 
been proved. 

probation (-ba/shun), n. the act of 
proving; evidence; proof; moral 
trial; novitiate; trial of abilities 
prior to election, &c, to office or 
employment. 

probationary (-a-ri), adj. serving 
for probation or trial. Also proba- 
tional. 

probe (prob), n. a surgical instru- 
ment for examining a wound: v.t. 
to examine with a probe; scrutinize. 

probity (prob'i-ti), n. integrity; sin- 
cerity. 

problem ('lem), n. a question for so- 
lution; a proposition requiring some- 
thing to be demonstrated. 

problematical (-at'i-kal), adj. ques- 
tionable; doubtful. 



proboscis (pro-bos'is), n. the trunk 
of an elephant; the elongated snout 
of certain animals and insects. 

procedure (-sed'ur), n. manner of 
proceeding; conduct; process. 

proceed (-sed')> v.i. to pass from one 
step or place to another; advance; 
issue; make progress; be produced; 
carry on a legal process: n.pl. money 
resulting from a commercial trans- 
action. 

proceeding ('ing), n. advancement; 
course of conduct; transaction; op- 
eration: pi. legal process; transac- 
tions of a learned or scientific society. 

process (pros'es), n. progressive 
course; series of measures or changes; 
operation; projection on a bone; pro- 
ceedings in a legal action. 

procession (pro-sesh'un), n. a train 
of persons in a formal march. 

processional < (-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or consisting in, a procession: n. 
a book relating to the ritual to be 
observed in the processions of the 
Roman Catholic church. 

proclaim (-klam'), v.t. to announce 
officially; publish; outlaw by public 
proclamation. 

proclamation (prok-la-ma/shun), n. 
an official announcement to the pub- 
lic; edict. 

proclivity (pro-kliv'i-ti), n. an in- 
clination; tendency. 

proclivous (-kli'vus), adj. inclined; 
slanting forward and upward or 
downward: as, proclivous teeth. 

proconsul (-kon'sul), n. a Roman 
official who governed a province; a 
magistrate invested with consular 
authority without the office. 

proconsular (-ar), adj. pertaining 
to, or governed by, a proconsul. 

proconsulate (-at), n. the jurisdic- 
tion, office, or term of office, of a 
proconsul. 

'procrastinate (-kras'ti-nat), v.t. to 
put off to a future time; defer: v.i, 
to be dilatory. 

procrastination (-na/shun), n. delay. 

procrastinator ('ti-na-ter), n. one 
who delays. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PROCREATE 



575 



PROFESSORATE 



procreate ('kre-at), v.t. to generate 
and produce; beget. 

procreation (-a/shun), n. the beget- 
ting and production of young. 

procreative ('kre-a-tiv), adj. genera- 
tive. 

procreator (-ter), n. one who begets. 

Procrustean (-krus'te-an), adj. per- 
taining to Procrustes, a fabled rob- 
ber of ancient Greece, who tortured 
his victims by stretching them on 
an iron bed to which their limbs 
were made to fit by mutilation: 
hence strict conformity to a meas- 
ure or standard by violent means. 

proctor (prok'ter), n. one employed 
to manage the affairs of another; 
an attorney in an ecclesiastical, ad- 
miralty, or probate court; a univer- 
sity official charged with the main- 
tenance of university regulations. 
■ proctorial (-to-ri'al), adj. pertaining 
to a proctor. 

procumbent (-kum'bent), adj. lying 
down; prostrate; trailing. 

procurable (-ku'ra-bl), adj. obtainable. 

procuration (prok-u-ra/shun), n. -the 
act of obtaining young women for 
immoral purposes. 

procurator ('u-ra-ter), n. one who 
manages another's affairs, especially 
legal interests. 

procure (pro-kur'), v.t. to get or ob- 
tain; cause. 

procurer ('er), n. one who procures; 
one who engages in the business of 
procuration. Fern, procuress. 

prod (prod), n. a goad; prick: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. prodded, p.pr. prodding], 
to goad. 

prodigal ('i-gal), adj. extravagant in 
expenditure; lavish; wasteful: n. a 
spendthrift; one who is lavish or 
wasteful. 

prodigality ('i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being prodigal; extrava- 
gance; lavishness. 

prodigious (-dij'us), adj. enormous; 
adapted to excite wonder. 

prodigy (prod'i-ji), n. anything won- 
derful or extraordinary; a miracle; 
portent. 



produce (pro-dus'), v.t. to exhibit or 
bring to view; yield or bring ferth; 
manufacture; extend: n. (prod'us) 
that which is yielded or brought 
forth; result. 

producible (pro-dus 'i-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of being produced. 

product (prod'ukt), n. that which is 
produced by nature, or made by art; 
work; result; the result of multiply- 
ing two or more numbers together. 

production (pro-duk'shun>, n. that 
which is produced; act of produc- 
ting; fruit; result. 

productive ('tiv), adj. having the 
power of producing; generative; fer- 
tile. 

proem ('em), n. a preface or intro- 
duction. 

profanation (prof-a-na/shun), n. the 
act of treating sacred things with 
disrespect or irreverence; desecra- 
tion. 

profane (pro-fan'), adj. secular; ir- 
reverent; irreligious; blasphemous: 
v.t. to treat with irreverence; dese- 
crate; violate (holy things); put to 
an improper use. 

profess (-fes'), v.t. to make open 
declaration of; acknowledge or 
avow; declare publicly. 

profession (-fesh'un), n. the act of 
professing: open declaration or 
avowal; calling or vocation, espe- 
cially one that requires a learned 
education; collective body of per- 
sons in a profession; the formal en- 
trance of a novice into a religious 
order under a sacred vow. 

professional (-al), adj. pertaining 
to a profession: n. one who makes 
his living by his art, as distinguished 
from an amateur. 

professionalism (-izm), n. the cul- 
tivation of athletic sports for pe- 
cuniary considerations. 

professor ('er), n. one who makes 
an outward profession of religion; 
one who publicly teaches any branch 
of knowledge. 

professorate (pro-fes'er-at), n. pro- 
fessional staff. 



ate, arm, 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PROFESSORIAL 



576 



PROJECTOR 



professorial (-so'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to professors. 

professorship (pro-fes'er-ship), n. 
the office or position of a professor. 

proffer (prof-er), v.t. to offer for ac- 
ceptance; tender: n. an offer made. 

proficiency (pro-fish'en-si), n. de- 
gree of advancement in any branch 
of knowledge, science, or art. 

proficient Cent), adj. thoroughly 
qualified, or skilled: n. an expert, 
or adept. 

profile ('fil), n. a head or portrait 
in a side view, outline or contour, 
especially of a building in vertical 
section: v.t. draw in profile. 

profilist ('fil-ist), n. an artist who 
draws profiles. 

profit (prof 'it), n. pecuniary gain; 
benefit or advantage; emolument: 
v.t. to benefit; improve: v.i. to be of 
advantage; make improvement. 

profitable (-a-bl), adj. yielding or 
bringing profit; lucrative. 

profitably (-bli), adv. with profit. 

profiteer, n. a mercenary speculator, 
especially in public necessities. 

profligacy ('li-ga-si), n. a profligate 
course of life. Also profligateness. 

profligate ('li-gat), adj. abandoned 
to vice; dissolute; openly vicious. 

profound (pro-found'), adj. deep in 
skill or knowledge; abstruse; deep; 
intense. 

profundity (fun'di-ti), n. depth of 
place, knowledge, skill, &c. 

profuse (-fus'), adj. liberal to ex- 
cess; exuberant. 

profusion (-fu'zhun), n. lavishness; 
excess; abundance. Also profuse- 
ness. 

progenitor (-gen'i-ter), n r an an- 
cestor; forefather. 

progeniture ('i-tur), n. a birth or 
begetting. 

progeny (proj'en-i), n. offspring; 
descendants; lineage. 

prognathous (-na/thus), adj. having 
projecting jaws, as certain races. 
Also prognathic. 

prognosis (-no 'sis), n. knowledge of 



the probable result of a disease from 
its symptoms; opinion so formed. 

prognostic (-nos'tik), adj. foreshad- 
owing; foretelling: n. an omen or 
prediction. 

prognosticate ('ti-kat), v.t. to fore- 
tell: v.i. indicate the future by pres- 
ent signs. 

prognostication (-ka'shun), n. the 
act of prognosticating; a foretoken. 

prognosticator ('ti-ka-ter), n. one 
who foretells. 

program, programme ('gram), n. 
an outline of a public entertain- 
ment, ceremony, &c. ; a course of ac- 
tion prepared or announced before- 
hand. 

progress (prog'res), n. a moving or 
going forward; advancement; pro- 
ficiency; journey of state: v.i. (pro- 
gres'), to move forward; advance; 
increase in proficiency. 

progression (pro-gresh'un), n. mo- 
tion onwards; intellectual advance; 
regular and gradual advance; prog- 
ress; a series of numbers increasing 
or decreasing by proportional dif- 
ferences. 

progressive ('iv), adj. moving for- 
ward; making progress; improving. 

prohibit (-hib'it), v.t. to forbid; in- 
terdict by authority; hinder. 

prohibition (-hi-bish'un), n. the act 
of prohibiting; interdict. 

prohibitionist (-ist), n. one who de- 
sires to prohibit the sale of intoxi- 
cating liquors. 

prohibitive (-hib'i-tiv), adj. tending 
to prohibit. 

project (proj'ekt), n. a design or 
scheme: v.t. (pro-jekt'), to throw or 
cast forward; plan or scheme: v.i. 
to jut out. 

projectile (pro-jek'til), n. a body 
thrown forward, especially through 

♦ the air; a bullet, shot, &c; adj. im- 
pelled or impelling forward. 

projection (-jek'shun), n. the act or 
state of projecting; that which juts 
out; a plan or delineation repre- 
sented on a plane. 

projector ('ter), n. one who projects. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



__ 



PROJECTURE 



577 



PRONOMINAL 



projecture ('tur), n. a jutting out. 

prolapse (laps'), n. a falling down 
or out of some part of the body : v.i 
to fall down or out; project too 
much. Also prolapsus. 

prolate ('lat), adj. elongated at the 
poles. 

proletarian (-le-ta/ri-an), adj. per- 
taining to the common people; low; 
vulgar; n. one of the lowest class of 
society; a workman; in ancient 
Rome, the lowest class of citizens. 

proletariat ('ri-at), n. proletarians 
collectively. 

proliferous (-lif'e-rus), adj. produc- 
ing another by budding. 

prolific (-lif'ik), adj. productive; fertile. 

prolifically (-al-li), adv. abundantly. 

prolix (pro'liks' or pro'liks), adj. 
tedious and verbose; not concise. 

prolixity ('i-ti), n. verbosity; minute 
detail. 

prolocutor (-lok'u-ter), n. the speak- 
er or chairman of a convocation. 

prologue ('log), n. an introduction 

Por preface, especially verses spoken 
before a dramatic performance by 
way of introduction: v.t. to introduce 
by a preface. 

prolong (long'), v.t. to lengthen; ex- 
tend. 

prolongation (long-ga'shun), n. ex- 
tension in time or space; delay or 
postponement. 

promenade (prom-e-nad'), n. a walk 
for pleasure, show or exercise; a 
public place for walking: v.i. walk 
for pleasure, &c. 

Promethean (pro-me'the-an), adj 
pertaining to Prometheus of classic 
mythology, who was fabled to have 
stolen fire from heaven and bestowed 
it upon men: hence life-giving or 
instinct with quickening fire. 

prominence (prom'i-nens), n. the 
state or quality of being prominent; 
a projection. Also prominency. 

prominent ('i-nent), adj. projecting; 
conspicuous; chief; protuberant. 

promiscuous (pro-mis'ku-us), adj. 
confused; mingled; indiscriminate; 



not restricted to any particular per- 
son. 

'promise (prom'is), n. an engagement 
to do or not to do something; basis 
for expectation; the thing promised: 
v.i. to assure one by a promise: v.t. 
to make a promise of; afford reason 
to expect. 

promiser (-er), n. one who promises. 

promisor (-er), n. one who makes a 
legal promise or covenant. 

promissory ('is-o-ri), adj. contain- 
ing a promise or covenant to do, or 
not to do, something. 

promissory-note (-not), n. a writ- 
ten promise to pay a certain sum at 
a specified date in consideration of 
value received. 

promontory ('on-to-ri), n. a high 
cape; a point of land jutting into 
the sea. 

promote (pro-mot'), v.t. to advance, 
forward, or elevate; excite or stir 
up; raise to higher rank. 

promoter ('er), n. one who promotes, 
especially one who makes it his 
business to float new companies, &c. 

promotion (-mo'shun), n. the act of 
promoting; state of being promoted; 
advancement; preferment. 

prompt (prompt), adj. ready and 
quick to act as occasion demands; 
immediate; done without delay : v.t. 
incite to action; assist (a speaker) 
when at a loss for words. 

promptitude (promp'ti-tud), n. 
quickness of decision and action; 
readiness; alacrity. 

.promulgate (pro-mul'gat), v.t. to 
publish. 

promulgation (-ga'shun), n. publi- 
cation. 

promulgator ('mul-ga-ter), n. one 
who promulgates. 

prone (pron), adj. lying with the face 
downwards; not erect; inclined; 
disposed. 

prong (prong), n. a sharp-pointed in- 
strument; the spike of a fork. 

pronominal (-nom'i-nal), adj. per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, a 
pronoun. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PRONOUNCE 



578 



PROPITIATE 



prononce (-nang-sa/), adj. pro- 
nounced; strongly marked; em- 
phatic. 

pronoun ('noun), n. a word which 
refers to, or is used in the place of, 
a noun. 

pronounce (-nouns'), v.t. to speak 
or utter distinctly; articulate; utter 
formally, authoritatively, or rhetoric- 
ally; affirm: v.i. to speak with con- 
fidence or authority. 

pronounceable ('a-bl), adj. that 
may be pronounced. 

pronouncement (-nouns'ment), n. 
an emphatic declaration. 

pr on unci amen to (-nun-si-a-men'to), 
n. a proclamation. 

pronunciation (-si-a'shun), n. the 
act or manner of articulating words 
or syllables; graceful and proper 
public speaking. 

pronunciative ('si-a-tiv), adj. per- 
taining to pronunciation. 

proof (proof), n. testimony or con- 
vincing evidence; test or experi- 
ment; reason; argument; demon- 
stration; impenetrability; capabil- 
ity of resistance; a standard 
strength of spirit; an impression 
taken from type for correction; an 
early impression of an engraving: 
adj. strong to resist impression or 
penetration; capable of moral or 
physical resistance. 

prop (prop), n. a support or stay: 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p propped, p.pr. prop- 
ping], to support by something under 
or against; sustain. 

propagable (prop'a-gH-bl), adj. that 
may be propagated. 

Propaganda (-gan'da), n.pl. a socie- 
ty at Rome charged with the man- 
agement of the missions of the 
Roman Catholic Church. 

propaganda (-gan'da), n.pl. any 
methods for the propagation of doc- 
trines, principles, &c, religious or 
secular. 

propagandist ('dist), n. one who 
devotes himself to the propagation 
of any system of principles, &c. 



propagate ('a-gat), v.t. to continue or 
spread by generation or successive 
production; extend; impel forward in 
space: v.i. to be produced by genera- 
tion, or by new shoots or plants. 

propagation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
of propagating; spreading or ex- 
tension. 

propagator ('a-ga-ter), n. one who 
propagates. 

propel (pro-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
propelled, p.pr. propelling], to drive 
forward; urge onward by force. 

propellant ('ent), adj. that propels. 

propeller ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, propels; a screw-propeller; 
vessel so propelled. 

propensity (-pen'si-ti), n. natural 
tendency. 

proper (prop'er), adj. noting a par- 
ticular person or thing; peculiar; 
fit or suitable; correct; appropriate. 

pr6perty ('er-ti), n. [pi. properties 
(-tiz) ], a peculiar attribute, quality, 
or disposition; exclusive right 01 
possession; the thing owned; estate; 
goods; attribute common to a class: 
pi. articles, including dresses, re- 
quired # by actors on the stage. 

prophecy (prof'e-si), n. a prediction 
of something to take place in the 
future, especially a prediction by 
Divine inspiration. 

prophesier ('e-si-Sr), n. one who 
prophesies. 

prophesy ('e-si), v.t. [p.t. & p.p 
prophesied, p.pr. prophesying], to 
foretell future events, especially by 
Divine inspiration: v.i. to utter 
prophecies; preach. 

prophet ('et), n. one who foretells 
future events, especially one inspired 
by God. Feminine prophetess. 

prophetic (pro-fet'ik), adj. pertaining 
to prophecy; predictive. Prophetical. 

prophylactic (prof-i-lak'tik), adj. 
guarding, or preserving, against dis- 
ease: n. a preventive of disease. 

propinquity (pro-ping'kwi-ti), n. near- 
ness of place, time, or relationship. 

propitiate (-pish'i-at), v.t. to concil- 
iate; make propitious: v.i. to atone. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book hue, hut; think, then. 



PROPITIATION 



579 



PROSILY 



propitiation (-a/shun), n. the act 
of propitiating; atonement. 

propitiator ('i-a-ter), n. one who 
propitiates. 

propitiatory (-to-ri), adj. capable of 
propitiating. 

propitious (-pish'us), adj. favorable; 
disposed to be merciful. 

proportion (pro-por'shun), n. com- 
parative relation of one thing to an- 
other; ratio; rate; symmetrical rela- 
. tion; rule of three ; equal or just share : 
v.t. to form symmetrically; apportion. 

proportional (-al), adj. having due 
proportion; having the same ratio: 
n. a quantity or number in propor- 
tion. 

proportionality (-al'i-ti), ft. the qual- 
ity of being proportional. Pro- 
portionateness. 

proportionate ('shun-at), adj. ad- 
justed to something else according 
to a certain rate: v.t. to adjust 
according to a settled rate. 

proposal (-poz'M), ft. that which is 
offered for consideration or ac- 
ceptance; offer of marriage; terms 
or conditions proposed. 

propose (-poz'), v.t. to bring forward 
or offer for consideration; nominate 
for election: v.i. to make an offer 
of marriage. 

proposition (prop-o-zish'un), ft. an 
offer of terms; proposal; a complete 
sentence, or one that affirms or de- 
nies something; a theorem or prob- 
lem for solution. 

propositional (-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or considered as, a proposition. 

propound (-pound'), v.t. to offer for 
consideration; put or set as a ques- 
tion. 

proprietary (-pri'e-ta-ri), adj. be- 
longing to a proprietor or proprie- 
tary: ft. a possessor in his own right; 
proprietors collectively. 

proprietor # ('e-ter), ft. one who has 
a legal right to anything; owner. 
Fern, proprietress; proprietrix. 

propriety ('e-ti), ft. conformity to 
established rules or custom; deco- 
{ rum; fitness. 



propulsion (-pul'shun), n. the act 
of propelling. 

propulsive ('siv), adj. having power 
to propel. Also propulsory. 

prorogation (-ro-ga'shun), ft. the 
act of proroguing. 

prorogue (-rog'), v.t. to terminate 
a session of; to postpone. 

prosaic (-za'ik), adj. like prose; com- 
monplace; uninteresting. Also 
prosaical. 

prosaism ('za-izm), ft. prosaic style. 

proscenium . (-se'ni-um), ft. that part 
of the stage from the curtain to the 
orchestra. 

proscribe (-skrib), v.t. to punish 
with civil death; outlaw, interdict. 

proscription (-skrip'shun), ft._ the 
act of proscribing; outlawry; inter- 
diction. 

proscriptive ('tiv}, adj. pertaining to, 
or of the aature of, proscription. 

prose (proz), ft. ordinary spoken or 
written language; unmetrical com- 
position: v.i & v.t. to write or 
speak tediously: adj. dull; tedious; 
commonplace. 

prosecute (pros r e-kut), v.t. to fol- 
low or pursue with the view to reach 
or accomplish.; accuse of a crime be- 
fore a legal tribunal: v.i. to carry 
on a legal prosecution. 

prosecution (-ku'shun), ft. the act of 
prosecuting; pursuit; the institu- 
tion and carrying on of a legal suit; 
prosecutor or prosecutors collective- 
ly. 

prosecutor ('e-ku-ter), ft. one who 
carries on a legal suit with another; 
one who pursues any purpose, &c. 
Fern, prosecutrix. 

proselyte f'e-lit), ft. a convert to 
some religion or belief, or party; a 
Gentile convert to the Jewish law 
and belief : v.t. to proselytize. 

proselytism ('e-li-tizm), ft. the act 
of proselytizing; conversion to a 
creed or system. 

proselytize (-tiz), v.t. to make a con- 
vert of. 

prosily (proz'i-li), adv. in a prosy 
manner. . 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PROSING 



580 PROTEOMORPHIC THEORY 



prosing ('ing), n. tedious minuteness; 
dull talk. 

prosody (pros'o-di), n. that part of 
grammar that treats of quantity, ac- 
cent, and the laws of versification. 

prospect ('pekt), n. a view of some- 
thing distant; scene; object of view; 
expectation: v. t. (pro-spekt') to 
search or explore, especially for 
gold or valuable minerals. 

prospective (-spek'tiv), adj. looking 
forward; acting with, or character- 
ized by, foresight; in prospect. 

prospector (pros'pek-ter), n. one 
who searches for valuable minerals. 

prospectus (pro-spek'tus), n. an out- 
line of a proposed undertaking; 
sketch, or plan. 

prosper (pros 'per), v.t. to render 
successful; favor: v.i. to thrive; 
succeed. 

prosperity ('i-ti), n. successful prog- 
ress in any business or enterprise; 
good fortune. 

prosperous ('us), adj. successful; 
thriving. 

prostitute ('ti-tut), v.t. to offer or 
expose to hire for lewd use; devote 
to infamous or improper purposes: 
adj. prostituted: n. a woman who 
indulges in lewdness, especially for 
hire; a base mercenary or hireling. 

prostitution (-tu'shun), n. the act 
or practice of prostituting the per- 
son to lewd purposes for hire; the 
being devoted to infamous or base 
purposes. 

prostitutor ('ti-tu-ter), n. one who 
prostitutes himself for any base ends. 

prostrate ('trat), adj. lying at full 
length; extended on the ground : ly- 
ing at mercy as a suppliant: v.t. to 
lay flat; throw down; bow in hum- 
ble reverence. 

prostration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
of prostrating; great depression; ex- 
haustion of the vital powers under 



prostyle (pro'stil)^ n. a portico or 
range of columns in front of a build- 
ing; a temple with a portico in front. 

prosy (proz'i), adv. tedious; dull. 



protean (pro'te-an), adj. readily as- 
suming different shapes: from Pro- 
teus, the sea deity of classic mythol- 
ogy. ' 

protect (-tekf), v.t. to cover over; 
defend; shield; shelter; support. 

protection ('shun), n. the act of 
protecting; the state of being pro- 
tected; defense; shelter; security; 
passport; encouragement of home 
industry by duties on imports, boun- 
ties, &c. 

protectionism (-izm), n. the doc- 
trine that certain home industries 
and produce should be encouraged 
by the imposition of duties on for- 
eign imports. 

protectionist (-ist), n. one who ad- 
vocates or supports protectionism; 
one who opposes free trade unless it 
be reciprocal. 

protective ('tiv), adj. serving to 
protect; defensive. 

protector ('ter), n. one who pro- 
tects, especially from injury or op- 
pression; guardian. Fern, protec- 
tress. 

protectorate (-at), n. government or 
defense by a protector. 

protege (-ta-zha'), n. one who is 
under the protection, guardianship, 
or care of another. Fern, protegee 
[French]. 

proteids ('te-idz), n.pl. a class of 
nitrogenous compounds, as albumen, 
fibrin, casein, &c, which form ani- 
mal tissue. 

protein ('te-in), n. the gelatinous, 
semi-transparent substance obtained 
from albumen, fibrin or casein, the 
essential principle of food. 

proteomorphic (pro'te-o-mor'fic), 
adj. having to do with the chemical 
changes in proteins in the process 
of digestion and assimilation. 

proteomorphic theory (pro'te-o- 
mor'fic the'o-ri), n. a, very recent 
theory which ascribes immunity to 
bacterial diseases to the activities 
of the white and red blood corpuscles 
in connection with the breaking 
down of proteins. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




PROTEST 



581 



PROVERB 



protest (-test'), v.i. to affirm with 
solemnity; make a solemn declara- 
tion against some public act or meas- 
ure; remonstrate: v.t. to make a 
solemn declaration or affirmation of ; 
to declare formally to be insufficient- 
ly provided for by deposit or pay- 
ment: said of a note or bill of 
exchange: n. (pro 'test) a solemn 
declaration of opinion against some- 
thing; a document containing rea- 
sons for dissent; a formal declara- 
tion by the holder of a bill of 
exchange of its non-payment or 
non-acceptance by the drawer. 

Protestant (prot'es-tant), n. a mem- 
ber of any of those bodies of Chris- 
tians that protest against the spirit- 
ual supremacy of the Church of 
Rome, originally one of the party 
who adhered to Luther after the sec- 
ond diet of Spires, 1529: adj. per- 
taining to Protestants or Protestant- 
ism. 

Protestantism (-izm), n. the doc- 
trines or religion of Protestants. 

protestation (-ta'shun), n. a formal 
declaration of dissent; solemn affir- 
mation. 

prothonotary (-thon'o-ta-ri), n. a 
chief clerk or notary; the principal 
clerk or registrar in certain courts; 
one of the chief secretaries of the 
Papal Chancery. 

proto, a prefix meaning first, as proto- 
martyr, &c. 

protocol ('to-kol), n. the rough draft 
of a treaty, diplomatic despatch, &c. 

protoplasm ('to-plazm), n. a semi- 
fluid albuminous substance, regarded 
as the ultimate basis of physical life, 
from which all living organisms are 
formed and developed. 

protoplasmic (-plaz'mik), adj. per- 
taining to, or formed of, protoplasm. 

protoplast ('to-plast), n. the original. 

protoplastic (-plas'tik), adj. first 
formed. 

prototype ('to-tfp), n. the original 
from which others are copied. 

protoxide (-toks'id), n. a compound 



of one equivalent of oxygen with 
one of another element. 

Protozoa (-zo'a), n.-pl. the first or 
lowest division of the animal king- 
dom containing animals of the sim- 
plest type of organization. 

protract (-trakf), v.t. to draw out 
or lengthen in time; prolong; defer. 

protracter ('ter), n. one who pro- 
tracts. 

protraction ('shun), n. the act of 
protracting; delay; the act of lay- 
ing down on paper the dimensions of 
a plot of land, &c. 

protractor ('ter), n. a mathematical 
instrument for laying down angles 
on paper: used in surveying, &c; 
a surgical instrument for drawing 
out extraneous bodies; a muscle that 
draws forward any part. 

protrude (-trud'), v.t. to thrust out 
or push forward: v.i. to shoot for- 
ward; project. 

protrusion (-tru'zhun), n. the act 
of protruding; the state of being 
protruded. 

protuberance (-tti'ber-ans), n. a 
swelling; a prominence; tumor. 

protuberant (-ant), adj. swelling; 
prominent. 

proud (proud), adj. having exces- 
sive self-esteem; arrogant; ostenta- 
tious; haughty; spirited; of lofty 
mien; pleased; grand; gratified. 

provable (proov'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being proved. 

prove (proov), v.t. to ascertain or try 
by an experiment or test; estab- 
lish or ascertain by argument or 
other evidence ; ascertain the genu- 
ineness of; experience; endure; try 
by suffering; show or demonstrate 
the accuracy of (a calculation). 

proven ('en), adj. proved. 

Provensal (pro-vang'sal), adj. per- 
taining to, or from, Provence, 
France, its language or its inhabit- 
ants. 

provender (prov'en-der), n. dry food 
for beasts, as hay, &c. 

proverb ('erb), n. a short familiar 
pithy saying, expressing some well- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PROVERBIAL 



582 



PRUNELLA 



known truth or common fact of ex- 
perience; adage. 

proverbial (pro-ver'bi-al), adj. per- 
taining to proverbs; mentioned in, 
or like, a proverb; widely spoken 
of or well known. 

provide (pro-vid'), v.t. to make ready 
beforehand; furnish; stipulate as a 
preliminary condition: v.i. to pro- 
cure supplies; make preparations 
(with for or against). 

providence (prov'i-dens), n. timely 
care or preparation; economy; pru- 
dence; foresight and care of God for 
his creatures; an event directly 
caused by the power of God. 

Providence (prov'i-dens), n. God as 
exercising his providence. 

provident ('i-dent), adj. careful for 
the future; prudent; economical. 

providential (-den'shal), adj. ef- 
fected by, or proceeding from, Divine 
providence. 

province ('ins), n. a division of an 
empire or state; a dependent coun- 
try; region; jurisdiction of an arch- 
bishop; proper office or business; 
department of knowledge: pi. the 
country districts. 

provincial (pro-vin'shal), adj. per- 
taining to, or characteristic of, a 
province; rustic: n. one who be- 
longs to a province; countryman. 

provincialism (-izm), n. an idiom 
or dialect peculiar to a province. 

provision (-vizh'un), n. the act of 
providing; the things provided; 
measures taken beforehand; accu- 
mulation of stores: pi. food: v.t. to 
supply with food. 

provisional (-al), adj. provided for 
present use; temporary. 

proviso (-vi'zo), n. a conditional 
clause or stipulation in a deed. 

provisory ('zo-ri), adj. conditional. 

provocation (prov'o-ka'shun), n. that 
which excites to anger or resent- 
ment; act of provoking. 

provocative (pro-vok'a-tiv), adj. 
tending to provoke; inciting: n. 
anything that tends to provoke; in- 
citement. 



provoke (-vok'), v.t. to excite or stir 
to action; enrage or irritate; ex- 
asperate. 

provost (prov'ust, or pro-vo'), n. 
the head of a college ; superintendent 
or president; chief dignitary of a 
cathedral; chief magistrate of a 
city or town [Scotch]. 

prow (prou), n. the bow of a ship. 

prowess ('es), n. bravery; valor. 

prowl (proul), v.i. to wander stealth- 
ily as for prey or plunder: n. a roving 
for prey or plunder. 

proximate (proks'i-mat), adj. im- 
mediate. 

proximity (-im'i-ti), n. immediate 
nearness in place, blood, or alliance . 

proximo ('i-mo), adv. in or of the 
next or coming month. 

proxy ('i), n. [pi. proxies ('iz)], the 
agency of a substitute; the docu- 
ment by which one person is author- 
ized to act or vote for another. 

prude (prood), n. a woman who af- 
fects great reserve, coyness, and ex- 
cessive virtue. 

prudence (proo'dens), n. the quality 
of being prudent; wisdom applied 
to practice. 

prudent ('dent), adj. practically 
wise; careful of the consequences 
of measures or actions; judicious; 
. cautious; circumspect. 

prudential (-den'shal), adj. proceed- 
ing from, or influenced by, prudence. 

prudery (proo'der-i), n. affected nice- 
ness or scrupulousness in conduct; 
manners of a prude. Also prud- 
ishness. 

prud'homme (proo-dom'), n>- in 
France, one of a board of concilia- 
tion of masters and workmen to 
settle trade disputes. 

prudish (proo'dish), adj. like a prude; 
affectedly precise, nice, or scrupulous. 

prune (proon), n. a dried plum: v.t. 
to cut superfluous twigs or branches 
from (a vine, bush or tree) ; trim. 

prunella (proo-nel'a), n. a smooth 
woolen stuff used for shoes and 
gaiters; a kind of dried plum. Also 
prunello. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




PRURIENCE 



583 



PUBLICAN 



rurience ('ri-ens), n. the state or 
quality of being prurient. Also 
pruriency. 

prurient ('i-ent), adj. having an 
eager desire for, or characterized 
by, lewdness; itching. 

Prussian-blue (prush'an-bloo), n. a 
rich blue color obtained from fer- 
rocyanide of iron. 

prussiate (prus'i-at), n. a salt of 
prussic acid. 

prussic acid ('ik as'id), n. hydro- 
cyanic acid, a deadly poison. 

pry (pri), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. pried, p.pr. 
prying], to inspect closely or with 
keen scrutiny: n. close inspection; 
impertinent peeping. 

psalm (salm), n. a sacred song. 

psalmist ('ist), n. a composer of 
psalms, especially of any of the 
Scriptural psalms. 

psalmodist ('o-dist), n. one who 
composes or sings psalms. 

psalmody ('o-di), n. the art or prac- 
tice of singing psalms. 

psalter (sawl'ter), n. the Book of 
Psalms; the Prayer Book version 
of the Psalms. 

psaltery (-i), *n. a stringed musical 
instrument, used by the ancient 
Hebrews. 

pseudo, a prefix meaning false, spu- 
rious, as pseudoblepsis, false or de- 
ceptive vision. 

pseudonym (su'do-nim), n. a ficti- 
tious name. 

pseudoscope ('do-skop), n. an opti- 
cal instrument which exhibits bodies 
in reversed relief. 

pshaw (shaw), inter j. an expression 
of contempt, &c. 

psoriasis (so-ri'a-sis), n. itch. 

psychiatry (si-ki'a-tri), n. curing of 
diseases of the mind. 

psychical (sl'ki-kal), adj. pertaining 
to, or connected with, the human 
soul, spirit, or mind; spiritualistic; 
psychological. Also psychic. 

psycho-analysis, n. study of the sub- 
conscious, especially through dreams. 

psychogenesis (-ko-jen'e-sis), n. the 
development of mind as given in 



consciousness; biogenesis regarded 
as resulting from the operation of 
higher agency than natural selection. 

psychology (-koro-ji), n. the science 
that treats of mental phenomena, 
and their classification and analysis; 
mental philosophy; metaphysics. 

psychological (-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to psychology. 

psychologist ('o-jist), n. one skilled 
in psychology. 

psychometry (si-kom'e-tri), n. the 
science of divining mental processes. 

psychophysics (-fiz'iks), n. the sci- 
ence which treats of the correlation 
of mind and matter. 

psychotherapy (si-ko-ther-a-pi), n. 
a system for treating functional ner- 
vous disorders by mental suggestion. 

Ptolemaic (tol-e-ma/ik), adj. per- 
taining to Ptolemy, the Greek 
geographer and astronomer, or to 
his system of astronomy which sup- 
posed the earth to be the center or 
fixed point of the universe, and that 
the heavenly bodies moved around it. 

ptomaines (to'ma-inz), n.pl. a class 
of alkaloids of a highly poisonous 
nature, originating in decaying or 
dead matter. 

puberal (pQ'ber-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, puberty. 

puberty ('ber-ti), n. the age at which 
the generative powers begin to be 
developed. 

pubescence (-bes'ens), n. the state 
or age of puberty; soft, short, downy 
hair. 

pubescent ( r ent), adj. arriving at 
the age of puberty; covered with 
soft, downy hairs. 

public (pub'lik), adj. pertaining to a 
nation, state, or community; belong- 
ing to the people; circulating among 
all classes; open; generally known; 
common to all; open to general use: 
n. the people in general. 

publican (li-kan), n. one who keeps 
a public-house; among the ancient 
Romans, a farmer of the public 
revenues; a collector of tolls, trib- 
ute, or customs. 



ftte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PUBLICATION 



584 



PULSATION 



publication (-li-ka/shun), n. the act 
of publishing or making public; the 
act of publishing a book, &c. 

public-house ('lik-hous), n. an inn; 
tavern; hotel. 

publicist ('li-sist), n. a writer on in- 
ternational law, or on current events 
of political or social interest. 

publicity ('lis-i-ti), n. the state of 
being public; notoriety. 

publish ('lish), v.t. to make known; 
announce or proclaim ; divulge ; print 
and offer for sale; put into circu- 
lation. 

puce (pus), adj. dark-brownish purple. 

Puck, n. a mischievous sprite or elf. 

pucker ('er), v.t. & v.i. to gather into 
small folds; wrinkle: n. a small fold 
or wrinkle. 

pudding (pood'ing), n. a soft kind of 
food made of flour and various in- 
gredients; an intestine stuffed with 
meat, &c. ; quantity of yarns, mat- 
ting, or oakum. 

puddle (pud'l), n. a small pool of 
dirty water; clay worked together 
with sand: v.t. to make muddy; ren- 
der watertight with puddle; convert 
(pig-iron) into wrought-iron. 

pueblo (pweb'lo), n. [pi. pueblos 
(loz) ], a building constructed of 
adobe or sim-dried brick .by the 
Pueblo Indians of New Mexico. 

puerile (pu'er-il), adj. pertaining to 
children; juvenile; boyish; trifling. 

puerility (-il'i-ti), n.^ the quality of 
being puerile; childishness. 

puerperal ('per-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or following, childbirth. 

puffin ('in), n. a diving bird with a 
short thick projecting beak, allied to 
the auk. 

puffing ('ing), n. exaggerated praise, 
especially with the view to advertise- 
ment; quick and hard breathing: 
p.adj. praising in exaggerated terms. 

puffiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being puffy. 

puffy ('i), adj. distended with air or 
other light matter; windy; bombas- 
tic; tumid. 

pugging ('ing), n. the act or opera- 



tion of working up clay for bricks; 
any substance to deaden sound be- 
tween spaces. 

pugh (poo), interj. an exclamation of 
contempt or disdain. 

pugilism (pu'jil-izm), n. the art or 
practice of boxing or fighting with 
the fists; prize-fighting. 

pugilist (-ist), n. a prize-fighter; 
boxer. 

pugnacious (pug-na'shus), adj. dis- 
posed to fight; quarrelsome. 

pugnacity (-nas'i-ti), n. inclination 
to fight; quarrelsomeness. 

puisne (pu'ne), adj. younger or in- 
ferior in rank: said of judges. 

puissance ('is-ans), n. power; 
strength. 

puissant (-ant), adj. powerful; strong. 

puling (pul'ing), adj. whining. 

pullet ('et), n. a young hen. 

pulley ('li), n. a small wheel turning 
about an axis, and having a groove 
in which a rope works. 

pulmonary (puTmon-er-i), adj. per- 
taining to, or affecting, the lungs. 

pulp (pulp), n. the soft fleshy part of 
bodies, as of fruit; any soft uniform 
mass. 

pulmotor (pul-mo'ter), n. an auto- 
matic resuscitation apparatus for use 
in cases of poisoning by gases, fumes, 
lysol, etc., drowning, electric shock, 
attempted suicide, collapse in nar- 
cosis, suspended _ animation, etc.; 
case and mechanism weighs 46-lb.; 
operation consists in forcing oxygen 
from an accompanying cylinder into 
the lungs. 

pulpit (pool'pit), n. an elevated or 
inclosed desk in a church from which 
the sermon is delivered; preachers 
or preaching. 

pulpy (pul'pi), adj. consisting of, or 
like pulp; soft; succulent. 

pulque (pool'ka), n. a favorite Mexi- 
can beverage made from the juice of 
the agave. 

pulsate (pul'sat), v.i. to throb or 
beat. 

pulsation (-sa'shun), n. a throb or 
beat, especially of the heart. 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; booni 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PULSATIVE 



585 



PUNY 



pulsative ('sa-tiv), adj. beating or 
throbbing. Also pulsatory. 

pulse (puis), n. the rhythmic beating 
of the heart or arteries; vibration; 
leguminous plants or their seeds, as 
peas, beans, &c: v.i. to beat or 
throb, as the pulse. 

pulsimeter (pul-sim'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument to ascertain the force or 
movement of the pulse; a sphyg- 
mometer. 

pulsometer (-som'e-ter), n. a kind of 
steam-condensing vacuum pump. 

pulverization (pul-ver-i-za/shun), n. 
the act of pulverizing. 

pulverize (Ver-iz), v.t. to reduce to 
powder. 

puma (pti'ma), n. a large cat-like 
carnivorous animal of America; 
mountain lion. 

pumice (pum'is), n. a hard, light, 
spongy, volcanic lava or rock. Also 

* pumice-stone. 

pumpkin ('kin), n. a plant of the 
gourd family and its fruit. 

pun (pun), n. a play upon words: v.i. 
[p.t. & p.p. punned, p.pr. punning], 
to play upon words similar in sound 
but having a different meaning. 

punch (punch), n. a tool for stamp- 
ing or perforating; a beverage of 
rum, whisky, &c, water, lemon-juice, 
and sugar; a blow or thrust; the 
harlequin or buffoon of a puppet- 
show; punchinello; a short fat per- 
son; thick-set cart-horse: v.t. to 
perforate with a punch; to strike 
with the fist. 

puncheon (pun'chun), n. a liquid 
measure of 84 wine-gallons. 

punchinello (punch-i-nel'o), n. the 
thick-set, hump-backed figure in a 
puppet-show. 

punctate (pungk'tat), adj. dotted 
with small spots; pointed. 

punctiform ('ti-form), adj. point- 



punctilio (-til'i-o), n. a nice point 
in conduct or ceremony; formal 
exactness. 

punctilious ('i-us), adj. very nice or 



precise in conduct or ceremony; 
exact to excess. 

punctual ('tu-al), adj. observing, or 
done at, the exact time. 

punctuality (-al'i-ti), n. the quality 
of being punctual; the characteristic 
of keeping the exact time of an ap- 
pointment or engagement. 

punctuate ('tu-at), v.t. to mark 
with points; divide into sentences 
by points. 

punctuation (-a/shun), n. the act or 
art of dividing sentences by points 
or stops. 

puncture ('tur), n. a small hole or 
wound made by a pointed instru- 
ment: v.t. to make a hole in, or 
pierce, with a pointed instrument. 

pundit (pun'dit), n. a learned Brah- 
man; one versed in the Sanskrit lan- 
guage, laws, and Hindu religion, 
&c. ; a solemn pretender to learning. 
Also pandit. 

pung (pung), n. a rough sleigh. 

pungent (pun'jent), adj. stinging or 
pricking; piercing; keen; biting; 
sarcastic; caustic. 

Punic (pu'nik), adj. pertaining to the 
Carthaginians, or to their language; 
treacherous ; perfidious . 

punish (pun'ish), v.t. to cause' loss 
or pain to as a penalty for a crime 
or fault; chastise; correct. 

punishment (-ment), n. pain, loss, 
or penalty, inflicted for a crime or 
fault. 

punitive (pun'i-tiv), adj. pertaining 
to, or inflicting, punishment. . 

punk (pungk), n. decayed and rotten 
wood; a foolish argument; a stick 
covered with a certain paste, which 
burns very slowly when ignited. 

punster (pun'ster), n. one addicted 
to, or skilled in, punning. 

punt (punt), n. a flat-bottomed boat 
for fishing: v.i. to play basset, om- 
ber, or faro against the banker or 
dealer. 

puny (pu'ni), adj. [comp. punier, su- 
perl. puniest], inferior in strength 
or size; weak; feeble; petty. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PUPA 



586 



PURPLE 



pupa (pii'pa), n. [pi. pupae ('pe) J, a 
chrysalis. 

puppet (pup'et), n. a small doll or* 
image, especially one moved by wires 
in a mock drama; one who is under 
the influence and control of another. 

purblind (per'blmd), adj. seeing ob- 
scurely. 

purchase (per'chas), v.t. to obtain 
by paying an equivalent; acquire; 
buy; expiate or recompense by a fine 
or forfeit; obtain at the expense of 
some sacrifice, labor, &c; move or 
raise by the application of some me- 
chanical power: n. the act of pur- 
chasing; thing purchased or bought; 
mechanical advantage. 

pure (pur), adj. [corny, purer, superl. 
purest], free from moral or physical 
defilement; chaste; unpolluted; un- 
adulterated; clean; holy; real; 
mere; absolute. 

purgation (-ga'shun), n. the act of 
purging; the act of clearing from 
imputed guilt. 

purgative ('ga-tiv), adj. serving to 
purge. 

purgatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to purgatory. 

purgatory (per'ga-to-ri), n. in the 
Roman Catholic Church, the state 
after death in which the souls of the 
faithful departed are purified from 
vernal sins by suffering: adj. cleans- 
ing; expiatory. 

purge (perj), v.t. to cleanse or free 
. from impurities or guilt; make clear 
or pure; clear from accusation; de- 
fecate: v.i. to have frequent evacua- 
tions: n. a cathartic medicine. 

purging ('ing), n. diarrhea or dysen- 
tery; looseness of the bowels. 

purification (pu-ri-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of purifying; state of being puri- 

.. fied; ceremonial cleansing from guilt 
or uncleanness. 

purificative (pu-ri-fi-ka-tiv), adj. 
able or tending to purify. Also puri- 
ficatory. 

purifier ('ri-fi-er), n. one who, or 
that which, purifies. 

puriform ('ri-form), adj. like pus. 



purify ('fi-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. puri- 
fied, p. pr. .purifying], to render pure; 
free from guilt or ceremonial un- 
cleanness; free from impurities, cor- 
ruptions, or barbarisms. 

Purim ('rim), n. a Jewish feast 
(Feast of Lots) observed annually 
to commemorate the deliverance* of 
the Jews (Esther ix.). 

purin (pu'rin), n. a substance found 
in certain proteid foods from which 
uric-acid is derived in the body. 

purism ('rizm), n. affectation in the 
precise use of words in literary style. 

purist (pfir'ist), n. one who is scru- 
pulously precise in matters of lit- 
erary style or the choice of correct 
words. 

puristic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining to 
purism. 

Puritan ('i-tan), n. one who pro- 
fesses great purity in religious doc- 
trine and practice, especially one of 
a body of Nonconformists in the 
16th and 17th centuries who insisted 
on rigid adherence to the letter of 
Scripture in points of doctrine and 
practice: adj. .pertaining to the Puri- 
tans or their doctrine or practice. 
Also puritanic, puritanical. 

puritanically (-tan'i-kal-i), adv. af- 
ter the manner of the Puritans. 

purity ('i-ti), n. the state or quality 
of being pure; chastity; cleanness; 
freedom from adulteration;, freedom 
from sinister motives, foreign idioms, 
or barbarisms. 

purl (perl), n. a warm spiced ale, or 
gin; an embroidered or puckered 
border; a stitch in knitting; the con- 
tinued murmuring sound of a shal- 
low stream: v.t. to fringe or embroi- 
der with a waved edging; invert 
(stitches) in knitting: v.t. to ripple 
or flow with a gentle murmur. 

purlieus (per'luz), n.pl. adjacent dis- 
tricts. 

purloin (-loin'), v.t. to steal. 

purple ('pi), adj. of the color of 
blended blue and red; regal; livid; 
dyed with blood: n. purple color; 
purple robe, originally worn only by 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, me ; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon' 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PURPORT 



587 



PUZZLE 



royalty; imperial government; car- 
dinalate: v.t. to render, or dye, pur- 
ple. 

purport ('port), n. meaning; design; 
signification: v.t. to mean or signify. 

purpose _('pus), n. design; end or 
aim desired: v.t. to intend or re- 
solve; design: v.i. to have an inten- 
tion. 

purr (per), n. the low murmuring of 
a cat when pleased: v.t. to signify 
by purring: v.i. utter a low murmur- 
ing sound. 

purse (pers), n. a small bag or recep- 
tacle for money; sum of money; 
treasury: v.t. to pucker or wrinkle. 

purser ('er), n. a commissioned offi- 
cer having charge of the provisions, 
clothing, and money of a ship; pay- 
master. 

purslane ('Ian), n. an annual with 
succulent fleshy leaves. 

pursuant (per-su'ant), adj. done in 
consequence or in prosecution of 
anything; agreeable: adv. in conse- 
quence of. 

pursue (-sti'), v.t. to follow for some 
end; take and proceed in; prose- 
cute; chase; seek; v.i. to go on or 
continue. 

pursuer ('er), n. one who pursues. 

pursuit (-suf), n. the act of pursu- 
ing; prosecution; chase; occupa- 
tion; attainment. 

pursuivant ('swi-vant), n. an at- 
tendant or follower; state messen- 
ger. 

pursy ('si), adj. fat, thick, and short- 
winded ; asthmatical . 

purulence (pu/roo-lens), *n. genera- 
tion of pus. 

purulent (-lent), adj. consisting of, 
or containing pus. 

purvey (per-va'), v.t. to provide; 
procure: v.i. to purchase provisions. 

purveyance ('ans), n. the procuring 
of provisions; provisions provided; 
the right formerly accorded to roy- 
alty of buying up provisions without 
the owner's consent. 

purveyor ('er), n. one who provides 
provisions. 



purview (Vu), n. extent; proviso; 
body of a statute. 

pus (pus), n. the white or yellowish- 
white matter secreted in sores, &c. 

pusillanimity (pu-sil-a-nim'i-ti), n. 
cowardice. 

pusillanimous (-an'i-mus), adj. cow- 
ardly; mean-spirited; faint-hearted. 

pussy-foot (pus'i), v.i. to sneak; to 
creep about noiselessly; to move 
about furtively: n. a sneak; an. 
underhand worker; a mean fellow. 

pustular (pus'tu-lar), adj. covered 
with glandular pustule-like excres- 
cence. Pustulate. 

pustule ('tul), n. a small elevation of 
the skin, or pimple containing pus. 

putative (pii'ta-tiv), adj. reputed. 

putlog (poot'log), n. a short piece of 
timber used for a bricklayer's plat- 
form or in scaffolding. 

putrefaction (pu-tre-fak'shun), n. 
the act or process of putrefying; 
decomposition; rottenness. 

putrefactive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
to, or tending to, putrefaction. 

putrefy ('tre-fi), v.t. {p.t. & p.p. 
putrefied, p.pr. putrefying], to cause 
to rot or decay by the decomposition 
of organic bodies; rot; corrupt; v.i. 
to become putrid. 

putrescence (-tres'ens), n. a putrid 
state. 

putrescent ('ent), adj. pertaining to 
putrefaction; becoming rotten. 

putrescible ('i-bl), adj. liable, or 
tending to become putrid. 

putridity (-trid'i-ti), n. putrid state. 
Also putridness. 

puttee (put-e'), n. a strip of cloth 
wound spirally around the leg from 
ankle to knee for protection and sup- 
port; also leather leggings. 

putter (put'er), n. in golf, a club used 
for playing a short, careful stroke. 

puttock ('ok), a hawk or kite. 

putty ('i), n. an oxide of tin, or of 
lead and tin, used for poUshing; a 
compound of whiting and linseed- 
oil used in glazing. 

puzzle (puz'l), n. something that tries 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



PYX 



PYEMIA, PYAEMIA 588 

the ingenuity, perplexes, or causes pyrometer (pl-rom'e-ter), n. an iri- 

embarrassment: v.i. to be puzzled. strument for measuring the temper- 

pyemia, pyaemia (pi-e'mi-a), n. ature or expansion of bodies under | 

blood-poisoning. the influence of heat. 

pygmean (pig-me'an), adj. dwarfish pyro-ray (pi'ro-ra), n. a ray given off 
Pygmy ('mi), n. one of the fabled by incandescent metal and said to 
dwarfish races; one of a small race resemble the radiations of radioac- 
mentioned by Herodotus. Also tive substances. 
Pigmy pyroscope. See under pyr. 

pyjamas. Same as pajamas. pyrotechnic (pl-ro-tek'nik), adj. per- 

pylon (pe-16ng), n. one of a series of tainmg to fireworks or the art of 
towers erected on the field of an making them. 

aerodrome to mark the course and pyrrhic (pir'ik), n. a metrical foot of 
guide the aviators; buildings at the two syllables; an ancient Greek mil- 
entrance of Egyptian temples. itary dance: adj. pertaining to such 
pyloric (pl-lor'ik), adj. pertaining to a dance. . 

the pylorus. Pythian (pith'i-an), adj. pertaining 

pylorus (-lo'rus), n. the lower and to Delphi, or to Apollo, or to the 
right opening of the stomach leading priestess (pythoness) at Delphi, 
to the small intestines. Pythian games (gamz), n.pl. one of 

pyorrhea (pi-5-re'a), n. a disease of the four great national games of an- 
the gums causrng the teeth to loosen cient Greece, celebrated every 5th 
and fall out, iknown in dentistry as year near Delphi, in honor of Apollo. 
Rigg's Disease, pythogenic (pi-tho-jen lk), adj. pro- 

pyr, a prefix, meaning fire. Also duced by filth or putrid matter, as 
pyro, as pyracanth, a plant with typhoid fever, &c. 
flame-colored flowers; pyroscope, an Python ('thon), n. a genus of large 
instrument for measuring the inten- serpents; the serpent or dragon slam 
sityof adiatingheat. ' by Apollo. 

pyramid (pir'a-mid), n. a sohd body python ('thon), n. a large non-ven- 
standing on a triangular, square, or omous serpent nearly allied to the boa. 
polygonal base, having its triangu- pythoness ('thon-es), n. the priestess 
lar' sides terminating in a point at f Apollo, who gave oracular answers 
the apex: pi. sepulchral monuments a t the temple of Delphi; a witch. 
of such shape, as in Egypt. pythonism (pith'o-nizm), n. the art 

pyramidal (-am l-dal), adj. shaped f pre dicting future events by divina- 
like a pyramid. Also pyramidic, tion> after the manner f the ancient 
pyramidical. oracle at Delphi. 

?yrrte^?t,zX^^ P*f ^t?LL* "^ 

PY of sulphur with iron, copper, &c. of pus with the urme. 

pyro. See pyr. pyx (piks), n. in the Roman Cathohc 

pvro-electric (-ro-e-lek'trik), adj. Church, the box or receptacle in 

becoming electric by the action of which the consecrated wafer or host is 

heat placed ; the box in which selected coins 

pyromania (pi-ro-ma'ni-a), n. an in- are placed at the mint to be tested 

sane impulse to destr oy by fire. prior to their issue as currency. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



Q 



Q (ku), the seventeenth letter of the quadratic (-rat'ik), adj. pertaining 
English alphabet. to, or involving, a square. 

quack (kwak), n. the cry of the quadrature ('ra-tur), n. the act of 
duck; a pretender to medical skill; squaring; the reduction of a figure 
charlatan: v.i. to cry like a duck; to to a square, exactly or approximate- 
act or practice like a quack: adj. ly; the position of a heavenly body 
pertaining to quacks or quackery. when distant 90° from another: said 

quackery ('er-i), n. boastful pretension especially of the position of the 
to skill in medicine ; false pretensions moon from the sun. 
to any art; imposture; empiricism, quadrennial (-ren'i-al), adj. corn- 
quad (kwod), n. the court of a col- prising, or occurring; every 4 years, 
lege, prison, &c; a quadrat. quadrilateral (-ri-lat'er-al), n. a plane 

quadra ('ra), n. a square border or figure with 4 sides and 4 angles; the 
fillet of an Ionian column. Prefix area inclosed and defended by four 
meaning four. Also quadr, quadri, fortresses, 
quadru. quadrille (ka-orkwa-dril'), n. a dance 

Quadragesima (-ra-jes'i-ma), n. by four sets of couples; a game at 
Lent. cards played by four persons. 

Quadragesima Sunday (sun'da), n. quadrillion (kwod-ril'yun), n. in the 
the first Sunday in Lent. French system of numeration, fol- 

quadragesimal ('i-mal), adj. per- lowed in the United States, a thou- 
taining to, or used in, Lent. sand trillions; in the English sys- 

quadrangle ('rang-gl), n. an open tern, the fourth power of a million, 
square surrounded by buildings; a or 1 foUo wed by 24 ciphers. < 
plane figure with 4 angles and 4 quadroon (roon'), n. the offspring of 
sides, a mulatto and a white. 

quadrangular fgu-lar), adj. having Quadrumana (-roo'ma-na), n.pl. an 

q the form of a ^adrangle. g %%** mammalia, including the 

quadrant ('rant), n. the 4th part of qU adrumanous ('ma-nus), adj. hav- 
a circle, an arc of 90 ; an mstru- m „ 4 hands. 

ment for taking elevations; an in- quadruped '('roo-ped), n. a four- 
strument for elevating cannon. footed animal: adj. four-footed. 

quadrat ('rat), n. a piece of type quadruple (roo-pl), adj. four-fold: 
metal lower than the type, used to n. & sum or quantity four times as 
fill void spaces in a line, pages, &c. great as that taken as the standard: 

quadrate ('rat), adj. having 4 equal v.t. to multiply by four: v.i. to in- 
sides and 4 right angles; raised to crease four-fold, 
the second power; noting an aspect quaestor (kwes'ter), n. in ancient 
of the heavenly bodies in which they Rome, the public treasurer; in cer- 
are distant 90° from each other: v.t. tain legislative assemblies, an officer 
& v.i. to square; fit or correspond. in charge. Also questor. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(589) 



qua'ff 



590 



QUARTE 



quaff m (kwaf), v.t. to drink or swal- 
low in large quantities: v.i. to drink 
luxuriously. 

quagga (kwag'a), n. a South Afri- 
can quadruped allied to the ass and 
zebra. 

quagmire (kwag'mir), n. wet, boggy 
ground yielding under the feet. 

quahog (kwa-hog' or -hag'), n. a 
species of clam much prized by 
epicures: v.i. to go in search of this 
species of clam. 

quail (kwal), v.i. to sink in spirit or 
by dejection; lose heart; cower: n. a 
gallinaceous bird, allied to the par- 
tridge. 

quaint (kwant), adj. singular and 
antique; not expressed or shown in 
the usual way; odd; neat. 

quake (kwak), v.i. to tremble or shake; 
be agitated: n. a tremble or shudder. 

Quaker ('er), n. one of a religious 
sect, the Society of Friends, founded 
by Geo. Fox. Feminine Quakeress. 

Ouaker-gun (-gun), n. a, wooden 
gun mounted to deceive an enemy. 

quaking ('ing), adj. trembling; shak- 
ing: n. a shaking or tremor. 

qualifiable (kwal'i-fi-a-bl), adj. that 
may be qualified. 

qualification (-fi-ka'shun), n. any 
quality, endowment, or acquirement 
which fits a person for any office or 
occupation; legal power or ability; 
limitation ; restriction . 

qualitative ('i-fi-ka-tiv), adj. serv- 
ing to qualify. 

qualifier ('i-fi-er), n. one who, or 
that which, qualifies. 

qualify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. qual- 
ified, p.pr. qualifying], to render fit 
or capable for any office, occupation, 
&c; render legally capable; make 
fit; moderate; limit: v.i. to become 
qualified. 

qualitative ('i-ta-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to quality; determining the na- 
ture of component parts. 

quality ('i-ti), n. [pi. qualities (-tiz) ], 
peculiar power or property ; attribute; 
disposition; rank; superior birth. 



qualm (kwam), n. a sudden fit of 
sickness; nausea; scruple. 

quamash (kwa-mash'), n. an escu- 
lent bulb eaten by the North Amer- 
ican Indians. Also camass. 

quandary (kwon'da-ri), n. a state of 
difficulty or perplexity; fix. 

quantitative ('ti-ta-tiv), adj. per- 
taining to quantity. Also quantitive. 

quantify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
quantified, p.pr. quantifying], to in- 
dicate the quantity or extent of. 

quantity ('ti-ti), n. that property of 
anything that may be increased or 
diminished; any indeterminate bulk, 
weight, or number; large portion, 
sum, or mass; the measure of time 
in pronouncing a syllable; anything 
that can be increased, divided, or 
measured; in logic, a general con- 
ception. 

quant ivalence (-tiv'a-lens), n. the 
combining power of an atom as com- 
pared with hydrogen. 

quantum ('turn), n. amount (Latin). 

quarantine (kwor'an-ten), n. the 
time (usually 40 days) during which 
a vessel from foriegn parts suspected 
of infectious disease is prohibited 
from intercourse with the shore: v.t. 
to place under quarantine. 

quarrel ('el), n. an angry dispute; 
petty fight; altercation; ground of 
dispute; a square-headed arrow: v.i. 
to dispute violently; be at variance; 
disagree. 

quarried ('id), p. adj. dug from the 
quarry. 

quarrier ('i-er), n. one who works 
in a quarry. 

quarry ('i), n. a place where stone is 
dug out for building purposes, &c; 
game pursued by hawks or hounds: 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. quarried, p.pr. quar- 
rying], to dig or take from a quarry. 

quarryman. Same as quarrier. 

quart (kwort), n. 2 pints, or l-4th 
of a gallon; a sequence of 4 cards 
in the game of piquet. 

quartan (kwdr'tan), adj. occurring 
every fourth day, as ague, &c. # 

quarte (kart), n. a guard in fencing. 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl' me. merge ; met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue^hut; think, then. 




QUARTER 



591 



QUELL 



quarter (kwor'ter), n. the 4th part; 
28 lbs. avoirdupois; 8 bushels; the 
4th part of the moon's monthly 
revolution; part of the globe; par- 
ticular county, region, or district; 
life granted to a captive or enemy; 
mercy; after-part of a ship's side; 
one of the 4 points of the compass; 
in heraldry, one of the divisions of 
a shield when divided crosswise: pi. 
lodgings, especially for soldiers: v.t. 
to divide into four equal parts; fur- 
nish with lodgings, as soldiers; sta- 
tion; bear as an appendage to he- 
reditary arms. 

quarter day (da), n. the day begin- 
ning or ending each quarter of the 
year, viz. : March 25, June 24, Sept. 
29, Dec. 25, when payments of rent, 
&c, are made. 

quarter-deck (-dek), n. that part of 
a ship which is abaft the mainmast. 

quartered ('terd), p. adj. divided into 
quarters; the division of a shield 
containing many coats. 

quarterly ('li), adj. consisting of, or 
containing, a quarter: adv. once 
each quarter of the year: n. a pub- 
lication issued every quarter. 

quartermaster ('ter-mas-ter), n. an 
officer whose duty it is to assign 
quarters and provide food, clothing, 
forage, ammunition, &c, for a regi- 
ment; in the navy, a petty officer 
who attends to the steerage, signals, 
stowage, &c, of ships. 

quartern ('tern), n. l-4th of a pint, 
or of a bushel; gill. 

quarter-staff (-staf), n. a staff 6^ 
feet long and shod with iron, for- 
merly used as a weapon of defense. 

quartet (-tef), n. anything in fours; 
musical composition in 4 parts for 4 
voices or instruments. Also quartette. 

quarto ('to), n. [pi. quartos ('toz) ], 
a book having the sheet folded into 
4 leaves. Abbreviated 4to: ad;, having 
4 leaves in a sheet. 

quartz (kworts), n. a mineral com- 
pound of pure silica. 

quart zite ('It), n. quartz rock. 



quash (kwosh), v.t. to crush; subdue 
suddenly or completely; annul. 

quashy (kwosh'i), n. a West Indian 
name for the negro. 

quasi, a prejix meaning as it were, 
apparently, nearly. 

quassia (kwosh'i-a), n. a South 
American tree yielding bark and 
wood of excessive bitterness. 

quatern (kwa'tern), adj. fourfold; 
growing in fours. 

quaternion (-ter'ni-on), n. the num- 
ber 4; set of 4; a file of 4 soldiers: 
pi. a calculus or method of mathe- 
matical investigation. 

quatrefoil (ka'tr-foil), n. in herald- 
ry, four-leaved grass; an ornamental 
figure in architectural tracery di- 
vided by cusps into 4 leaves. 

quaver (kwa'ver), v.t. to shake or 
tremble; vibrate; sing or play with 
tremulous modulations: n. a vibra- 
tion of the voice; a musical note, 
one-half a crotchet. 

quay (ke), n. a wharf for loading or 
unloading vessels. 

quean (kwen), n. a worthless woman. 

queasy (kwe'zi), adj. affected with, 
or causing, nausea. 

queen consort (kon'sort), n. the 
wife of a reigning king. 

queen dowager (dou'a-jer), n. the 
widow of a king. 

queenly ('li), adj. like, or befitting, 
a queen. 

queen-post ('post), n. one of two 
vertical timbers in a roof rising 
from the tie-beam. 

queen regnant (reg'nant), n. a 
queen in her own right. 

queen's counsel (-z-koun'sel), n. a 
barrister holding a patent of preced- 
ence from the queen. 

queen's metal (-met'al), n. an alloy 
of tin, antimony, lead, and bismuth. 

queen's ware ('war), n. cream-col- 
ored earthenware. 

queer (kwer), adj. odd; singular; 
droll; strange; out of health. 

quell (kwel), v.t. to crush or sub- 
due; put an end to; calm; allay. 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



QUENCH 



592 



QUINQUAGESIMA 



quench (kwench), v.t. to put out or 
extinguish; check; allay. 

querimonious (kwer-i-mo'ni-us), adj. 
complaining; querulous; discon- 
tented. 

querist (kwe'rist), n. one who asks 
questions. 

querl (kwerl), v.t. to coil. 

querulous (kwer'oo-lus), adj. com- 
plaining; discontented. 

query (kwe'ri), n. a question; an in- 
quiry to be resolved; a mark of in- 
terrogation: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. queried, 



sure; anything unreliable or treach- 
erous. 

quickset ('set), n. a living shrub, 
especially the hawthorn, set to grow, 
as for a hedge. 

quicksilver ('sil-ver), n. fluid mer- 
cury: v.t. to overlay with an amal- 
gam of mercury and tin-foil. 

quid (kwid), n. a plug of tobacco 
for chewing; a sovereign. 

quiddity ('i-ti), n. [pi. quiddities 
(-tiz)], the essence of anything; a 
trifling nicety; captious question. 



p.pr. querying], to examine by ques- quidnunc ('nungk), n. one who is 



tions; doubt; mark with a query: 
v.i. to ask questions. 

quest (kwest), n. search; inquiry; jury 
of inquest: v.t. to search or seek for. 

question (kwes'chun), n. an inquiry; 
act of asking; interrogation; doubt; 
subject of discussion; examination 
by torture: v.t. to ask or interro- 
gate; examine by questions; treat 
as doubtful: v.i. to ask a question. 

quest ion ability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being questiona- 
ble. Also questionableness. 

questionable (-a-bl), adj. that may 
be questioned; doubtful; suspicious. 

questor. Same as quaestor. 

quetzal (kwet'zal), n. 
bird of paradise. 

queue (ku), n. the tail of a wig. 

quibble (kwib'l), n. a petty evasion 
or cavil; play on words: v.i. to 
evade the truth by artifice or eva- 
sion; play on words. 

quibbling ('ling), n. evasion. 

quick (kwik), adj. rapid; hasty; 
active; nimble; ready; sharp in dis- 
cernment; sprightly; precipitate; 
living; _ pregnant: adv. quickly: n. 
the living flesh; sensitive parts; a 
hedge of growing shrubs. 

quicken ('en) 
vivify; show 

womb: v.t. increase the speed of; 
to resuscitate; stimulate; cheer. 

quicklime ('lim), n. lime burnt and 
unslaked. 

quicksand ('sand), n. sand easily 
moved or readily yielding to pres- 



to know everything that 
one who pretends to a 
knowledge of current events. 

quiesce (kwi-es'), v.i. to be silent. 

quiescence ('ens), n. repose or rest; 
mental quietude. Also quiescency. 

quiescent Cent), adj. reposing or 
resting; calm;, silent. 

quiet (kwi'et), adj. free from mo- 
tion, disturbance, or alarm; still; 
calm; peaceable; gentle; secluded; 
subdued and modest; not showy: 
v.t. to calm or pacify; reduce to a 
state of rest: v.i. to become quiet. 

quietude ('et-ud), n. repose; tran- 
quillity, 
an American quietus (-e'tus), n. rest; death; final 
settlement or discharge; heavy blow. 

quill (kwil), n. the large strong 
feather of a bird's wing; such feather 
used as a pen; a porcupine's spine; 
a weaver's spindle: v.t. to plait or 
form with small quill-like ridges. 

quilt (kwilt), n. a kind of coverlet 
or counterpane: v.t. to stitch to- 
gether, as two pieces of cloth, &c, 
with a soft material between. 

quilting ('ing), n. the act or process 
of making a quilt; material for 
quilting; quilted work. 
v.i. to impart life; ^quinary (kwi'na-ri), adj. consisting 
signs of life in the of, or arranged in, fives. 

quinine (kwin'en or kwi'nin), n. an 
alkaline substance obtained from the 
bark of the Chinchona tree: used as 
a febrifuge and tonic. ^ 

quinquagesima (-kwa-jes'i-ma), adj. 
fiftieth. » 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



i. 



QUINQUAGESIMA SUNDAY 593 



QURAN. 



tinquagesima Sunday (sun'da), 

n. the Sunday next before Lent. 

quinquennial (-kwen'i-al), adj. re- 
curring once in, or lasting, five 
years. 

quinsy ('zi), n. inflammation of the 
tonsils of the throat. 

quint (kwint), n. a set or sequence 
of five. 

quintal ('tal), n. a weight of 100 or 
112 lbs. 

quintan ('tan), adj. recurring every 
fifth day: n. an intermittent fever 
which recurs thus. 

quintessence (kwin-tes'ens), n. the 
pure concentrated essence of any- 
thing; vital or essential part. 

quintet (-tef), n. a musical compo- 
sition in five obligato parts. Also 
quintette, quintetto. 

quintillion (-til'yun), n. in the' 
French system, of enumeration, fol- 
lowed in the United States, a thou- 
sand quadrillions; in the English 
system, a million raised to the fifth 
power, expressed by a unit followed 
by thirty ciphers. 

quintuple ('tu-pl), v.t. to make five- 
fold: adj. fivefold. 

quip (kwip), n. a short sarcastic turn 
or retort; jeer: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
quipped, p.pr. quipping], to scoff; 
jeer. 

quire (kwir), n. 24 sheets; an obso- 
lete form of choir. 

Quirinal (kwi-ri'nal), n. at Rome, 
the royal palace. 

Quirites (-ri'tez), n.pl. the ancient 
Romans in their civil capacity. 

quirk (kwerk), n. an artful evasion; 
subterfuge; quibble; smart retort; 
a fight irregular air or melody. 

quit (kwit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. quit or 
quitted, p.pr. quitting], to depart 
from; discharge (an obligation); 
give up; forsake: adj. set free. 

quittance (kwit'ans), n. discharge 
from a debt, service, or obligation. 

quite (kwit), adj. wholly; completely. 

quiver (kwiv'er), n. a case for ar- 
rows; . a trembling or shivering: v.i. 
to tremble, shake, or shiver. 



quixotic (kwiks-ot'ik), adj. chival- 
rous or romantic to extravagance: 
from Don Quixote, the hero of Cer- 
vantes' romance. 

quiz (kwiz), n. an enigma or obscure 
question designed to puzzle anyone; 
one who quizzes others: v.t. p.t. & 
p.p. quizzed, p.pr. quizzing], to puz- 
zle; make fun of; banter; hoax; 
examine narrowly with an air of 
mockery; peer at. 

quizzical ('i-kal), adj. given to, or 
of the nature of, quizzing; comical. 

quod (kwod), n. a quadrangle; prison. 

quodlibet ('li-bet), n. a nice point 
or subtlety. 

quoif . Same as coif. 

quoin (koin), n. a wedge used to sup- 
port and steady a stone; external 
angle of a building; a wedge of wood 
or metal to elevate a gun; wedge- 
shaped wooden block to tighten the 
pages of type within the chase. 

quoit (kwoit), n. a circular ring of 
iron to be pitched at a fixed object: 
pi. the game thus played. 

quorum (kwo'rum), n. the number 
of members of a body or corporation 
competent to transact business by 
law or constitution. 

quota (kwo'ta), n. the part or share 
assigned to each. 

quotation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
quoting; that which is quoted; cur- 
rent price. 

quotative (kwo'ta-tiv), a. of the 
nature of or pertaining to quotation. 

quote (kwot), v.t. to adduce (a pas- 
sage) from some author or speaker, 
for authority or illustration; give 
the current price of. 

quoth (kwoth), v.t. said. 

quotha ('a), inter j. indeed! 

quotidian (kwo-tid'i-an), adj. recur- 
ring daily. 

quotient ('shent), n. the number re- 
sulting from the division of one 
number by another. 

quotum ('turn), n. share; proportion. 

Quran. Another form of Koran. 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



R 



R, the eighteenth letter of the English 
alphabet. 

raad (rad), n. a legislative assembly 
[South Africa]. 

rabbet (rab'et), n. a groove cut longi- 
tudinally in the edge of a plank, 
&c, so that another may fit into 
it: v.t. to groove and unite by a 
rabbet. 

rabbi ('i or 'I), n. [pi. rabbis ('iz) ], 
a Jewish doctor or interpreter of the 
law. Also rabbin. 

rabbinic (-in'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the rabbis, their doctrines, learning, 
and language. Also rabbinical, n. 
later Hebrew. 

rabbinist ('in-ist), n. one who ad- 
heres to the Talmud and the rab- 
binic traditions. Also rabbinite. 

rabbit ('it), n. a burrowing rodent 
animal, esteemed for food and its 
fur. 

rabbit-warren (-wor'en), ' n. a place 
where rabbits burrow and breed. 

rabble ('1), n. a noisy crowd or mob, 
'especially of the lower orders. 

rabid ('id), adj. mad; enthusiastic to 
excess. 

rabboni (ra-bo'ni), n. my master: 
the highest title of distinction among 
the ancient Jews. 

rabies (ra'bi-ez), n. canine madness; 
madness caused by the bite of a 
dog; hydrophobia. 

raca (ra'ka), adj. worthless: a term 
of great contempt among the ancient 
Jews. 

raccoon (rak-oon'), n. a badger-like 
animal of North America with a 
valuable fur. Also racoon. 

race (ras), n. a rapid course, as of an 
animal or river; contest of speed; 



career; descent or lineage; breed or 
variety; peculiar strength or flavor; 
root: pi. horseraces: v.i. to run 
swiftly; contend in running: v.t. to 
cause to contend in a race. 

raceme (ra-sem'), n. a flower cluster. 

racemose (ras'e-mos), adj. growing 
in racemes. 

racial (ra'sial), adj. pertaining to 
race or lineage. 

rack (rak), n. an instrument for 
stretching or straining; an engine 
for stretching the limbs to extort a 
confession; a frame in which arti- 
cles are arranged; a grating above a 
manger for holding hay; a straight 
toothed bar working in the pinions 
of a wheel; an inclined plane on 
which ore is washed and separated; 
thin, broken, vapory clouds; entire 
ruin : v.t. to stretch or strain forcibly 
on, or as on, the rack; torture; 
wrest; perplex; exhaust; decant or 
strain off. 

rackarock (rak'a-rok), n. an explo- 
sive powder of high power. 

racket ('et), n. a clattering noise; 
a network bat used in tennis; a 
snow-shoe: pi. tennis: v.i. to make a 
clattering noise; frolic; play tennis: 
v.t. to strike, as with a racket. 

racketing (-ing), n. noisy, confused 
mirth. 

racking-bit (rak'ing-bit), n. a bit 
having an extra pair of very long 
cheek-pieces. 

racking-pace ('ing-pas), n. the pace 
of a horse somewhat quicker and 
shorter than an amble. 

rack-rent ('rent), n. rent raised to 
its utmost value. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(594) 



lCONTEUR 



■ RA 
eur (ra-kon-ter'), n. an expert 
teller of anecdotes. 

racoon. Same as raccoon. 

racquet, another form of racket. 

racy (ra'si), adj. having a strong 
flavor; mentally exciting; piquant. 

raddle (rad'l), n. a hedge of branches 
interwoven: v.t. to interweave. 

raddock ('ok), n. the robin red-breast. 

radial (ra/di-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or like, or using as, a ray; pertain- 
ing to the radius of the forearm. 

radiance ('di-ans), n. brightness 
shooting in rays; brilliant bright- 
ness; splendor. Also radiancy. 

radiant ('di-ant), adj. emitting rays 
of light or heat; shining; brilliant: 
n. the point from which a shower 



595 



RADIUS 



emitting Becquerel rays; exhibiting 
the properties possessed by radium. 

radiochemistry (ra/di-6-kem'is-tri), 
n. the study of the peculiar group 

- of chemicals that manifest the 
phenomena of radioactivity. 

radiochroism # (ra'di-ok'ro-izm), n. 
varying opacity to different types 
of X-rays. 

radioconductor (ra'di-o-kon-duk'- 
tor, n. an instrument to detect 
electric waves in the atmosphere, 
including the receivers in wireless- 
telegraphy. 

radiodermatitis (ra/di-o-der'ma-ti'- 
tis), n. an obstinate inflammation of 
the skin caused by prolonged ex- 
posure to X-rays or allied radiations. 



of meteors proceeds; a straight line radiofy (-fi),v.t. [p.t.&p.p. radiofied, 



proceeding from a given point about 
which it revolves; the luminous 
point from which light emanates. 

radiate ('di-at), v.t. to send out as 
rays: v.i. to emit, or issue forth in, 
rays : adj. having rays. 

radiation < (-a/shun), n. the emission 

* or diffusion of rays of light or heat 
from one luminous or heated body 
to another. 

radiator ('di-a-ter), n. the body from 
which rays radiate; a chamber, coil, 
drum, &c, in an apartment, heated 
by steam, hot air, or hot water, &c, 
for radiating warmth into the apart- 
ment; a water-cooling device used 
with gasoline motors. 

radical (rad'i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
the root or origin; fundamental; 
original; underived; extreme: n. a 
simple, underived word; letter be- 
longing to the root; one of the ultra- 
liberal party; the base of a chemical 
compound (also radicle). 

radicate ('i-kat), v.t. to plant deeply 
and firmly: v.i. to take root: adj. 
deeply planted or rooted. 

radicel ('i-sel), n. sl rootlet. 

radicle ('i-kl), n. that part in the 
embryo in the seed of a plant which 
becomes the root; in chemistry, the 
same as radical. 

radio-active (ra/di-o-ak'tiv), adj. 



to cause to become 
exposing to the 



p.pr. radiofying 
radio-active by 
influence of radium. 

radiograph (-graf), n. a picture ob- 
tained by means of radiography: 
v.t. to produce a likeness of by 
means of radiography. 

radiography (ra-di-og'ra-fi), n. the 
art or process of producing pictures 
by the action of Roentgen rays upon 
certain sensitive salts. 

radiometer (ra-di-om'e-ter), n. an 
instrument revolving in a vacuum, 
which under the influence of light 
exhibits the energy of the solar rays. 

radiotherapy (ra/di-o-ther'a-pi) , n. 
treatment of disease with the X-ray 
or with one of the radioactive ele- 
ments, as radium or thorium. 

radish (rad'ish), n. a plant with an 
edible root, used as a salad. 

radium (ra/di-um), n. a radio-active 
element recently discovered in pitch- 
blende, possessing the property of 
giving off luminous and actinic rays, 
accompanied by heat, without ap- 
parent loss of energy or diminution 
in bulk or weight. 

radius (ra/di-us), n. [pi. radii (-1) ], 
a straight line from the center to 
the circumference of a circle; ex- 
terior bone of the forearm; ray of a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RADIX 



596 



RAMMER 



flower; anything resembling a radius, 
as the spoke of a wheel. 

radix ('diks), n. a root; a primitive 
word; base of a system of loga- 
rithms. 

raff (raf), n. a jumble; refuse; the 
rabble. 

raffle ('1), n. a kind of lottery in 
which each participant deposits a 
part of the value of a thing in con- 
sideration of the chance of gaining 
it: v.t. to dispose of by raffle: v.i. to 
take part in a raffle. 

raft (raft), n. pieces of timber fas- 
tened together for transport by 
floating; a floating wooden frame- 
work: v.t. to carry on a raft. 

rafter ('er), n. an inclined beam 
supporting the roof of a house: v.t. 
to form into, or furnish with, raf- 
ters. 

ragamuffin ('a-muf-in), n. a low, 
disreputable fellow. 

rage (raj), n. excessive and uncon- 
trolled anger; vehemence; extreme 
violence; enthusiasm; extreme de- 
sire or eagerness :v.i. to be furious 
with anger; prevail fatally, as a dis- 
ease; be violently agitated, as the 
sea; ravage. 

ragg. Same as ragstone. 

ragged (rag'ed), adj. rent ,or worn 
into rags; clothed in tattered gar- 
ments; destitute; rough; jagged. 

raging (raj'ing), p. adj. acting with 
fury; violent; vehement; frantic: n. 
fury; violence. 

ragout (ra-goo'), n. a dish of stewed 
and highly seasoned meat. 

ragstone (rag'ston), n. any hard, 
coarse-textured rock. 

rag-time Ctim), n. syncopated time, 
characteristic of negro melodies. 

ragwort (rag'wert), n. a common 
plant with jagged leaves. 

raid (rad), n. a hostile or predatory 
incursion: v.t. to make a raid upon. 

rail (ral), n. a bar of timber or metal 
extending from one support to 
another; wooden or iron fence; a 
railway; a wading bird with a harsh 
cry: v.i. to brawl; use opprobrious 



language; scoff: v.t. to inclose with 
rails; despatch by rail. 

raillery ('er-i), n. good-humored 
irony or satire; banter. 

railleur (-yeV), n. a banterer [French]. 

raiment (ra/ment), n. clothing. 

rainbow ('bo), n. the bright-colored 
arc formed in the heavens by the 
refraction or reflection of the sun's 
rays falling upon watery particles 
in that part of the heavens opposite 
to the .sun. 

rainy ('i), adj. abounding with rain. 

raisin (ra'zn), n. a dried grape. 

rajah (ra'ja), n. a Hindu king, prince, 
or chief. 

rajput (raj-poof), n. a Hindu of 
royal descent or of the higher mili- 
tary caste. Also rajpoot. 

rakish (rak'ish), adj. dissolute; de- 
bauched. 

rally ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rallied, 
p.pr. rallying], to collect and ar- 
range, as troops in confusion; re- 
unite; attack with raillery; banter 
or satirize humorously: v.i. to return 
to order; recover strength; exercise 
raillery: n. the act of recovering 
order, or of regaining strength; 
good-humored satire,' horseplay, as 
in a pantomime. 

ramble ('bl), v.i. to wander or rove 
about; visit many places; be desul- 
tory: n. a roving or wandering from 
place to place. 

ramee (ra-me'). Same as ramie. 

ramenta (-men'ta), n.pl. the thin 
brown scales which cover the stems 
of ferns. 

ramie (ram'e), n. grass-cloth plant, 
or its fiber. 

ramification (ram-i-fi-ka'shun), n. a 
division or separation into branches; 
sub-division; manner of producing 
branches. 

ramify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rami- 
fied, p.pr. ramifying], to divide into 
branches or divisions: v.i. to shoot 
into branches; become divided or 
sub-divided. 

rammer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, rams; an instrument for f or- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




RAMOSE 



597 



RAPE 



cibly driving anything; a rod for 
forcing down the charge of a gun. 

ramose ^ (ra'mSs), adj. branched; 
producing branches. Also ramous. 

ramp (ramp), v.i. to climb like a 
plant; spring; leap violently: n. a 
leap or bound. 

rampage (ram'paj), v.i. to prance 
about with unrestrained spirits; be 
furious: n. a state of excitement. 

rampant ('pant), adj. overleaping re- 
straint or natural bounds; in herald- 
ry, standing upright on the hindlegs. 

rampart ('part), n. a mound or wall 
surrounding a fortified place; pro- 
tection from assault or danger: v.t. 
to fortify with a rampart. 

ramrod ('rod), n. a rod used for 
ramming down the charge of a gun. 

ramshackle ('shak-1), adj. loose; 
out of repair. 

ramus (ra/mus), n. a branch. 

ranch (ranch), n. a cattle-farm. 
Also ranche, rancho [Mexican]. 

ranchero (ran-cha/ro), n. a herds- 
man [Mexicanj. 

rancho (ran'cho), n. a cabin or group 
of cabins where ranchmen or trav- 
elers are sheltered. 

rancid (ran'sid), adj. having a rank, 
unpleasant smell; sour or musty. 

rancidity ('i-ti), n. rancid condi- 
tion. Also rancidness. 

rancor (rang'ker), n. implacable en- 
mity: deep spite or malice. 

rancorous (-us), adj. malignant; 
spiteful. 

rand (rand), n. an edge, margin, or 
border. 

randan (ran'dan), n. a boat pro- 
pelled by three rowers, one in the 
center using two oars and the oth- 
ers one oar each. 

random ('dum), n. want of direction 
or method; chance: adj. done hap- 
hazard; left to chance, or without 
method. 

ranee (ran'e), n. a Hindu queen or 
princess; rajah's wife. Also rani, 
rannee. 

range (ranj), v.t. to set or arrange 
in a row; place in proper order; 



rove over; sail along in a parallel 
direction: n. sl rank or row; order 
or class; space or room for excur- 
sion; extent of discourse or roam- 
ing; power; an extended kitchen 
grate; distance to which a shot, &c, 
can be projected. # 

range-finder (ranj'fin-der), n. a con- 
trivance to enable the marksman in 
a fort or ship to ascertain the exact 
range of the target. 

ranger ('er), n. a rover; the chief 
official or keeper of a park or for- 
est; a variety of dog. 

rank (rangk), n. a row or line, espe- 
cially of soldiers placed abreast; sta- 
tion or position; grade; dignity; 
eminence: v.t. to draw up in line; 
include in a particular class, or 
order, or division: v.i. to hold a 
certain position: adj. luxuriant in 
growth; excessive; coarse; rancid. 

rankle ('1), v.i. to grow more rank 
or strong; fester; become mentally 
disquieted or irritated. 

ransack (ran'sak), v.t. to search mi- 
nutely; rummage; plunder. 

ransom ('sum), v.t. to free from 
captivity, slavery, or punishment, by 
a payment; atone for; redeem from 
the bondage of sin: n. price paid for 
release from captivity, &c, or for 
goods captured by an enemy; price 
paid for procuring the pardon of 
sin and the redemption of the sin- 
ner. 

rant (rant), v.i. to bluster or be 
noisily wordy; rave in extravagant 
or violent language: n. noisy; empty 
declamation. 

ranter ('er), n. one who rants; a 
boisterous preacher. 

rapacious (ra-pa'shus), adj. given to 
plunder; seizing forcibly; subsisting; 
on prey; greedy; avaricious. 

rapacity (-pas'i-ti), n. the quality of 
being rapacious. Also rapacious- 
ness. 

rape (rap), n. a seizing and carrying 
away by force; the seizure and car- 
nal knowledge of a woman against 
her will; a plant of the cabbage 



ate, arm, ask at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RAPID 



598 



RATIFIER 



family, from the seeds of which an 
oil (colza oil) is expressed. 

rapid (rap 'id), adj. very quick or 
swift; expeditious: n.pl. a swift cur- 
rent in a river where the channel is 
descending. 

rapier (ra/pi-er), n. a long thin 
sword used for thrusting. 

rapine (rap 'in, or 'in), n. the act of 
plundering or seizing forcibly; pil- 
lage; violence. 

rapport (-por'), n. harmonious rela- 
tion; affinity. . 

rapprochement (ra-prosh'mang), n. 
the act of coming together; an 
understanding. 

rapscallion (rap-scal'yun), n. a ras- 
cal. 

rapt (rapt), p.adj. transported; rav- 
ished. 

Raptores (rap-to'rez), n.pl. an order 
of birds characterized ' by the 
strength of their claws and bills, in- 
cluding the eagles, owls, &c. _ 

raptorial ('ri-al), adj. pertaining to 
the Raptores. Also raptorious. 

rapture ('tur), n. extreme pleasure 
or delight; ecstasy; enthusiasm. 

raptured. Same as rapt. 

rare (rar), adj. [comp. rarer, superl. 
rarest], scarce; uncommon; unusu- 
al; thinly scattered; not dense; ex- 
cellent; incomparable; of loose tex- 
ture; almost raw. 

rare-bit ('bit), n. a dainty morsel. 

rarefaction (rar-e-fak'shun), n. the 
act of rarefying or rendering less 
dense. 

rarefy (rar'e-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
rarefied, p.pr. rarefying], to make 
rare, thin, or less dense; expand: 
v.i. to become less dense. 

rarely ('li), adv. seldom. 

rareness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being rare. 

rare-ripe (rar 'rip), adj. ripe before 
the usual season: n. an early fruit. 

rarity ('i-ti), n. a rare article; ex- 
ceptional excellence; rareness. 

rascal ('kal), n. a mean fellow; a 
scoundrel; one who is guilty of 
mean offenses. 



rascaldom (-dum), n. rascals col- . 
lectively. \ 

rascality ('i-ti), n. the state of be- ' 
ing a rascal; petty villainy or dis-jj 
honesty. 

rash (rash), adj. hasty; incautious; 
precipitate; acting without caution 
or reflection: n. a slight cutaneous 
eruption. 

rasher ('er), n. a thin slice of bacon. 

Rasores (ra-so'rez), n.pl. an order 
of birds, including the barn fowls, 
pheasants, partridges, &c, who 
scratch the ground in search of food. 

rasorial ('ri-al), adj. pertaining to 
the Rasores. 

rasp (rasp), v.t. to rub with, or as 
with, a rough instrument; file with 
a rasp : n. a kind of rough file. 

raspberry (raz'ber-i), n. [pi. rasp- 
berries (-iz) ], a shrub and its well- 
known fruit. 

rasure (ra'zur), n. erasure. 

ratable (rat'a-bl), adj. assessed at a 
certain value; liable to be assessed. 

ratably ('a-bli), adv. proportionally. 

ratan. Same as rattan. 

ratch (rach), n. a toothed bar into 
which a click drops; the wheel oi a 
clock which causes it to strike. 

ratchet ('et), n. the detent which 
stops a ratchet-wheel. 

ratchet-wheel (hwel), n. a circular 
ratch. 

rate (rat), n. ratio or proportion; 
price fixed or stated; comparative 
value; degree; a tax or assessment; 
speed at which anything is done or 
performed; class of warship: v.t. to 
estimate; settle or fix the value, 
rank, or degree of; scold vehemently 
and hastily: v.i. to make an esti- 
mate; be placed in a certain clase or 
rank. 

rather (ratf/i'er), adv. sooner; more 
willingly; on the contrary; prefer- 
ably to the other. 

rathskeller (raths'kel-er), n. an un- 
derground place of refreshment. 

ratification (rat-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of ratifying; confirmation. 

ratifier ('i-fi-er), n. one who ratifies. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RATIFY 



599 



RAWISH 



ratify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ratified, 
p.pr. ratifying], to approve and sanc- 
tion; settle or confirm; establish. 

ratio (ra/shi-o), n. [pi. ratios (-oz) ], 
the relation or proportion of one 
thing or quantity to another. 

ratiocinate (rash-i-os'i-nat), v.i. to 
reason deductively; argue. 

ratiocination (-i-na'shun), n. the 
act or process of reasoning; deduc- 
ing conclusions from premises. 

ratiocinative ('i-na-tiv), adj. argu- 
mentative. 

ration (ra/shun), n. an allowance: 
pi. allowance of provisions given per 
man for daily subsistence: v.t. to 
furnish with rations. 

rational (rash'un-al), adj. agreeable 
to, or consistent with, reason; nei- 
ther extravagant or foolish; wise; 
judicious. 

rationale (rash-o-na'le), n. a series 
of reasons assigned for any opinion, 
action, &c. 

rationalism ('un-al-izm), n. a sys- 
tem or doctrine which, rejecting rev- 
elation, makes reason the sole guide 
in the interpretation of Scripture 
and dogma. 

rationalist (-ist), n. one who up- 
holds or supports rationalism. 

rationality (-al'i-ti), n. the quality 
of being rational; power of reason- 
ing; reasonableness; mental sanity. 

rationalize ('al-iz), v.t. to interpret 
as a rationalist; convert to ration- 
alism : v.i. to rely solely on reason or 
as a rationalist. 

ratlins (rat'linz), n.pl. small horizon- 
tal ropes, extending over the shrouds 
forming ladder-like steps. Also rat- 
lines. 

ratsbane (rats'ban), n. poison for 
rats; arsenious acid. 

rattan (rat-an'), n. one of the Jong, 
smooth, reed-like stems of several 
species of palms; a rattan walking 
stick. 

ratteen (-teen'), n. a thick woolen 
quilted or twilled stuff. 

rattinet (-in-ef), n. an inferior kind 
of ratteen. 



ratting ('ing), n. the act of deserting 
one's party; the act of catching 
rats; working for less than current 
prices. 

rattler (rat'ler), n. one who, or that 
which, rattles; a rattlesnake. 

rattlesnake (-snak), n. a venomous 
snake with hard bony rings on the 
tail producing a rattling sound when 
in motion. 

rattling ('ling), adj. making a rapid 
succession of sharp, noisy sounds; 
quick: adv. very: n. noise produced 
by a rattle. 

raucous (raw'kus), adj. hoarse. 

ravage (rav'aj), v.t. to lay waste; 
pillage; plunder or sack: n. destruc- 
tion by violence or decay; devasta- 
tion; ruin. 

rave (rav), v.i. to wander in the mind 
or be delirious; rage as a madman. 

ravel (rav'l), v.t. to unweave or un- 
twist; involve or entangle: v.i. to be 
unwoven or untwisted; busy one's 
self with perplexities. 

ravelin ('lin), n. a detached work 
with two embankments making a 
salient angle. 

ravelings ('el-ingz), n.pl. threads de- 
tached by untwisting. 

raven (ra'vn), n. a large bird of the 
crow family noted for its deep black 
color: adj. raven-colored. 

raven (rav'n), v.t. to obtain, or seize, 
by violence; devour with greediness 
or voracity: n. violence; plunder; 
prey. 

ravenous ('n-us), adj. devouring with 
rapacity; eagerly voracious; eager 
for gratification. 

ravine (ra-ven'), n. a long, deep hol- 
low, worn by the action of a stream 
or torrent; mountain gorge. 

ravish (rav'ish), v.t. to seize and to 
carry away by force ; have sexual in- 
tercourse with (a woman) by force 
and without her consent; transport 
with delight or rapture. 

rawboned ('bond), adj. with little 
flesh on the bones. 

rawhide ('hid), n. a cowhide whip. 

rawish ('ish), adj. somewhat raw. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RAY 



600 



REAUMUR 



ray ^ra), n. a line or pencil of light 
proceeding from a radiant point; 
light; beam of intellectual light; 
perception or apprehension; the out- 
er whorl of a floret; a radius; a 
cartilaginous fish of the genus Raia, 
as the skate, &c. : v.t. to shoot forth, 
as a ray: v.i. shine forth. 

rayah (ra'ya), n. in Turkey, a non- 
Mohammedan. 

rayometer (ra-om'e-ter), n. an ap- 
paratus to test sensitiveness to the 
X-ray. 

raze (raz), v.t. to level to the ground; 
blot out; efface; graze or shave. 

razee (ra-ze'), n. a large warship cut 
down to a smaller size and inferior 
class. 

razor ('zer), n. a sharp-edged cutting 
instrument used for shaving. 

razure. Same as rasure. 

razzle-dazzle (raz'l-daz'l), n. a state 
of confusion or dizziness, as from ef- 
fects of alcohol; a revolving platform 
having irregular motion, used for 
amusement: v.t. to confuse, bewilder, 
or daze. 

re, prefix noting repetition or retro- 
grade action. 

reach (rech), v.t. to touch with the 
extended hand; stretch forth; arrive 
at; gain; penetrate to; include: v.i. 
to be extended so a's to touch; en- 
deavor to obtain .something; the 
power of reaching or attaining; dis- 
tance that can be reached; limit of 
power or ability; stretch of water 
or stream. 

reactance (re-ak'tans), b. the seem- 
ing resistance of an alternating-cur- 
rent electric circuit due to self-in- 
duction. 

readable (red'a-bl), adj. fit to be 
read; worth reading; legible. 

readily (red'i-li), adv. in a ready 
manner; quickly; easily; willingly. 

readjust (re-ad-jusf), v.t. to place 
in order again; to rearrange. 

real (re'M), adj. actually existing; 
not fictitious ; genuine; true; per- 
taining to things fixed, as lands or 



tenements; not personal: n. (ra/al 
a Spanish coin = 5 cents (about). 

real estate (es-taf), n. lands and all 
appertaining to them. 

realism ('al-izm), n. the representa- 
tion of nature or social life as it 
actually appears; the doctrine that 
the objects immediately known are 
real existences. 

realist (-ist), n. one who holds the 
doctrine of, or practices, realism. 

realm (relm), n. royal jurisdiction or 
territory; kingdom; empire; state. 

realty ('al-ti), n. real estate. 

ream (rem), n. 20 quires, or 480 sheets 
of paper; 516 sheets (printer's 
ream) . 

reap (rep), v.t. to cut with a scythe, 
sickle, or corn-cutting machine; per- 
form the operation of reaping; 
gather in; receive as a reward. 

rear (rer), n. the part behind the 
rest; last in order; background; 
that part of a fleet or army behind 
the other: v.t. raise or lift up; ex- 
alt; build; educate; bring to matur- 
ity: v.i. to assume an erect posture: 
adj. pertaining to the rear. 

rear-admiral (-ad-mir-al), n. in the 
United States navy, an officer rank- 
ing next below the admiral; in other 
navies an officer ranking next below 
a vice-admiral. 

reason (re'zn), n. that mental faculty 
in man which enables him to deduce 
inferences from facts, and to distin- 
guish between right and wrong; 
right judgment; efficient or final 
cause; cause for opinion or act; 
premise of an argument, especially 
the minor: v.i. to exercise the faculty 
of reason; argue; infer conclusions 
from premises: v.t. to persuade by 
reasoning; examine by the reason; 
plead for. 

reasonable (-a-bl), adj. endowed 
with reason; rational; equitable; 
moderate; fair. 

Reaumur (ra-6'mer), n. a thermo- | 
metric scale devised by Reaumur, a 
French scientist, in 1737. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






REBATE 



601 



RECEPTIVE 



rebate (-bat'), v.t. to make blunt; 
make obtuse; abate or diminish. 

rebel (reb'el), n. one who revolts 
from his allegiance or defies consti- 
tuted authority : adj. rebellious: v.i. 
(re-bel') \p,t. & p.p. rebelled, p.pr. 
rebelling], to take up arms and re- 
sist lawful or constituted authority; 
revolt; rise against authority. 

rebellion ('y un )» n - insurrection 
against, or open resistance to, law- 
ful or constituted authority; revolt. 

rebellious ('yus), adj. opposing law- 
ful or constituted authority, 

rebound (re-bound'), v.i. to start or 
leap back; re-echo; to reverberate: 
n. the act of rebounding; a leaping 
or flying back. 

rebuff (-buf'), n. a beating back; 
sudden check or resistance; defeat; 
refusal: v.t. to beat back; repel; 
check; refuse. 

rebuke (-buk'), n. reprimand or re- 
proof; chiding; chastisement: v.t. to 
reprimand or chide; chastise. 

rebus (re'bus), n. [pi. rebuses (-ez) ], 
an enigmatical representation of a 
word or phrase by pictures or figures 

» instead of words; in heraldry, a 
coat of arms bearing an allusion to 
the name of the wearer. 
but (re-buf), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. re- 
butted, p.pr. rebutting], to beat 
back; oppose by argument or proof; 
repel: v.i. in law, to put in or re- 
turn an answer. 
rebuttal ('al), n. the act of rebut- 
ting. 
rebutter ('er), n. one who rebuts; 
the answer of a plaintiff to the re- 
joinder of a defendant. 
recalcitrant (-kal'si-trant), adj. re- 
fractory. 
recall (-kawl'), v.t. to call back; re- 
member; revoke; withdraw: n. revo- 
cation. 
recant (-kanf), v.t. to withdraw or 

retract; abjure. 
recantation (-kan-ta'shun), n. the 
act of recanting; a declaration re- 
calling and contradicting a former 
one. 



recapitulate (-ka-pit'ii-lat), v.t. to go 
over, or summarize (the chief points 
of a discourse, argument, &c). 

recapitulation (-la/shun), n. the act 
of recapitulating. 

recapitulatory ('u-la-to-ri), adj. re- 
peating again in brief. 

recaption (-kap'shun), n. reprisal. 

recede (-sea'), v.i. to fall back or re- 
trograde; retreat: v.t. to cede back 
to a former possessor. 

receipt (-set'), n. the act of receiv- 
ing; reception; a recipe; written 
acknowledgment of anything re- 
ceived: v.t. to give a receipt for; 
sign in acknowledgment of. 

receivable (-sev'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being received. 

receive (-sev'), v.t. to take or obtain 
from another in any manner; ac- 
cept; obtain; entertain; gain knowl- 
edge of; suffer; take in, as stolen 
goods. 

receiver ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, receives; one who buys 
stolen goods; a person appointed by 
a court to manage property in con- 
troversy. 

recency (re'sen-si), n. lateness of 
time; newness. Also recentness. 

recension (re-sen 'shun), n. review or 
revision, especially critical revision 
of the text of an author; the text 
thus revised and established. 

recent ('sent), adj. of late origin or 
occurrence; new; modern; fresh; 
newly arrived; subsequent to man's 
existence. 

receptacle (-sep'ta-kl), n. a vessel or 
place into which anything is re- 
ceived; basis of a flower. 

receptibility (-ti-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being receivable. 

reception ('shun), n. the act of re- 
ceiving; the state of being received; 
welcome; entertainment^ admis- 
sion ; formal or official receiving of a 
person. 

receptive ('tiv), adj. having the 
quality of receiving or containing; 
capable of receiving mental impres- 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RECEPTOR 



602 



RECOGNIZE 



receptor (re-sep'tor), n. a hypotech- 
nical constituent of a living cell 
which can combine with foreign cell 
products, toxic or otherwise. 

recess (-ses'), n. withdrawal; state 
of being in retirement; seclusion; 
remission of business; cavity in a 
room or alcove ; niche. 

recession (-sesh'un), n. the act of 
receding or withdrawal; cession 
back. 

recessional (re-sesh'un-al), n. the 
hymn or chant sung in church at the 
end of the services as the clergy 
are departing. 

recessive character (re-ses'iv kar'ak- 
ter), n. a heritable character that is 
dominated by an opposite character 
and does not manifest itself in the 
first filial generation, but reappears 
in some of the offspring of the fol- 
lowing generation. See Mendelism. 

recherche (re-sher-sha/), adj. _ un- 
common; rare; exquisite; choice. 

recipe -(res'i-pe), n. a medical pre- 
scription; formula for compounding 
anything. 

recipient (re-sip'i-ent), n. one who 
receives: adj. receiving. 

reciprocal ('ro-kal), adj. mutual; 
alternating; mutually interchange- 
able. 

reciprocate ('ro-kat), v.t. to give 
and receive mutually: v.i. to alter- 
nate; interchange. 

reciprocating ('ro-ka-ting), adj. 
moving backwards and forwards. 

reciprocation (-ka'shun), n. inter- 
change of acts; reciprocal motion. 

reciprocity (res-i-pros'i-ti), n. recip- 
rocal obligation or right; equal mu- 
tual rights or benefits to be yielded 
or enjoyed. 

recision (re-sizh'un), n. the act of 
cutting off. 

recital (-si'tal), n. the act of recit- 
ing; rehearsal; narrative; a musical 
entertainment by one performer. 

recitation (res-i-ta'shun), n. a public 
reading; delivery of a composition 
committed to memory; the composi- 
tion so delivered. 



recitative (-ta-tev'), adj. pertaining 
to recitation; words spoken in the 
sounds of the musical scale; chant. 
Also recitativo [Italian]: adj. ut- 
tered musically; chanted. 

recite (re-slf), v.t. to repeat aloud 
from memory; enumerate; rehearse; 
recapitulate. 

reck (rek), v.t. & v.i. to care for; 
heed. 

reckless ('les), adj. heedless of con- 
sequences; careless; thoughtless. 

reckon ('n), v.t. to count or com- 
pute; number; estimate by rank: 
v.i. to calculate; charge to account; 
make up accounts; pay a penalty; 
reason with one's self and conclude 
from argument; think or suppose. 

reckoning (-ing), n. computation; 
calculation; statement of accounts 
between debtor and creditor; money 
charged by a host; estimated posi- 
tion of a ship by its progress and 
course. 

reclaim (re-klam/), v.t. to call back; 
demand the return of; reform; bring 
under cultivation. 

reclinate (rek'li-nat), adj. reclined, 
as a leaf. 

reclination (-na/shun), n. the act of 
reclining. 

recline (-kiln'), v.t. to cause to lean 
or lie back; lean to one side: v.i. to 
rest or repose. 

recluse (re-kloos'), n. one who lives 
in retirement; hermit; anchorite: 
adj. retired from the world; soli- 
tary; secluded. 

reclusive ('siv), adj. affording re- 
tirement from the world or society. 

recognizable (rek'og-nlz-a-bl), adj. 
capable of being recognized. 

recognizance (re-kon'i-zans), n. 
avowal; acknowledgment; badge or 
token; a legal obligation entered 
into before a magistrate or court to 
do, or abstain from doing, some par- 
ticular act. 

recognize (rek'og-niz), v.t. to know 
again; acknowledge; avow; admit 
with a formal acknowledgment: v.i. 
to enter into recognizance. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 



book; hue, hut; think, then. 



I 






RECOGNIZER 



603 



RECRUDESCENCE 



recognizer (-er), n. one who recog- 
nizes. 

recognizor (re-kon'i-zer), n. in law, 
one who enters into a recognizance. 

recognition (rek-og-nish'un), n. the 
act of recognizing; the state of be- 
ing recognized ; remembrance; recol- 
lection; formal avowal. 

recollect (-ol-ekf), v.t. to call to 
memory; (re-kol-ekf), to gather to- 
gether again. 

recollection (rek-ol-ek'shun), n. 
memory; that which is remembered. 

recollective ('tiv), adj. having the 
faculty of recollecting or remember- 
ing. 

recommend (-om-end'), v.t. to com- 
mend to another; introduce favor- 
ably ; advise. 

recommendation (-en-da/shun), n. 
the act of recommending; favorable 
introduction. 

recommit (re-kom-if), v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. recommitted, p.pr. recommit- 
ting], to commit anew; refer back 
to a committee. 

recompense _ (rek'om-pens), n. an 
equivalent given in return; reward; 
compensation: v.t. to give back as 
an equivalent; make amends for; 
repay or requite. 

reconcilable (-on-siTa-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being reconciled. 

reconcile ('on-sil), v.t. to restore to 
friendship or favor after estrange- 
ment; adjust; harmonize. 

reconciliation (-sil-i-a'shun), n. the 
act of reconciling; the state of being 
reconciled; renewal of friendship; 
expiation or atonement. Also recon- 
cilement. 

recondite ('on-dit), adj. deep; ab- 
struse; hidden from view; secret. 

reconnaissance (re-kon'a-sans), n. 
the act of reconnoitering. 

reconnoiter, reconnoitre (rek-o- 
noi'ter), v.t. to make a survey of, 
especially for military purposes; ex- 
amine for scientific purposes. 

reconstruction (re-kon-struk'shun) , 
n. the period after the close of the 
Civil War in the United States 



during which the southern states 
were adjusting themselves to the 
new conditions. 

record (re-kord'), v.t. to remember, 
or cause to be remembered ; register 
or enroll; celebrate: n. (rek'erd), an 
authentic memorial; register; for- 
mal writing or copy of an official 
document; in sports, the best per- 
formance: pi. public documents. 

recorder (-kord'er), n. one who, or 
that which, records; one whose offi- 
cial duty is to register writings or 
transactions. 

recount (re-kounf), v.t. to go over 
or narrate in detail. 

recoup (re-koop'), v.t. to indemnify 
or make good; diminish by keeping 
back a part. 

recourse (re-kors'), n. a going to for 
aid or protection; application of ef- 
fort for a particular purpose or end. 

recover (-kuv'er), v.t. to regain; re- 
trieve; cure; obtain as compensa- 
tion; obtain by judgment in a court 
of law; cover again: v.i. to regain 
health, strength, or any former 
state; be successful in a lawsuit. 

recovery ('er-i), n. the act of recov- 
ering; restoration to health; legal 
right to something after judgment 
of a court. 

recreant (rek're-ant), adj. cowardly; 
mean-spirited; apostate; false: n. a 
mean-spirited creature; a coward; 
an apostate. 

recreate ('re-at), v. t. to reanimate, 
especially after toil; gratify: v.i. to 
take recreation: v.i. (re-kre-at'), to 
create anew. 

recreation (rek-re-a/shun), n. re- 
freshment after toil, &c; amuse- 
ment: n. (re-kre-a'shun), the act of 
creating anew; a new creation. 

recreative (rek're-a-tiv), adj. rein- 
vigorating. 

recriminate (re-krim'in-at), v.i. to 
return one accusation with another: 
v.t. to accuse in return. 

recrimination (-a/shun), n. the act 
of recriminating. 

recrudescence (-kroo-des'ens), n. the 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RECRUDESCENT 



604 



REDOLENT 



fi 



state of becoming sore again; a 
sharp relapse. 
recrudescent Cent), adj. becoming 

sore or raw again. 
recruit (-kroof), v.t. to supply with 
new soldiers; restore to health; re- 
pair by fresh supplies : v.i. to obtain 
fresh supplies; recover health: n. 
a soldier newly enlisted; supply of 
any want. 
rectangle (rek'tang-gl), n. a 4-sided 
figure with 4 right angles, or angles 
of 90°. 
rectangular ('gu-lar), adj. right- 
angled. 

rectifiable ('ti-fi-a-bl), adj. capable 
of being rectified. 

rectification (-fi-ka/shun), n. the act red-blind 
of setting right; repeated distilla- 
tion of a spirit to concentrate it or 
render it purer; reduction of a curve 
to a right line. 

rectify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. recti- 
fied, p.pr. rectifying], to set right; 
adjust; refine by distillation. 

rectilineal (-ti-lin'e-al), adj. bounded 
by straight lines; right- or straight- 
lined; straight. Also rectilinear. 

rectitude ('ti-tud), n. Tightness of 
principles and practice; honesty; 
moral integrity. 

rector ('ter), n. a clergyman who has 
the great and small tithes of a liv- 
ing; the headmaster of a public 
school, or head of a university 
[Scotch]; the superior of a eon vent 
or religious house. 

rectorate ('ter-at), n. the office of a 
rector. Also rectorship. 

rectorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to a rector. 

rectory ('ter-i), n. the house of a rec- 
tor; the benefice of a rector, with 
the rights appertaining to it. 

rectum ('turn), n. the lowest part of 
the great intestine. 

recumbency (re-kum'ben-si), n. the 
state of leaning or reclining. Also 
recumbence. 

recuperate (-ku'per-at), v.t. & v.i. to 
recover. 

recuperation (-a'shun), n. recovery. 



recur (-ker'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. % 
curred, p.pr. recurring], return e ^ 
the mind; return; happen at 
stated interval; have recourse. e 
recurrence (-kur'ens), n. return; iv 

sort. 
recurvate ('vat), adj. bent back. 
recusancy (rek'u-zan-si) , n. noncon- 
formity. 
recusant ('u-zant), adj. refusing to 
acknowledge the royal supremacy in 
religion; nonconforming: n. a non- 
conformist. 
redan (re-dan'), n. a V-shaped field- 
work or rampart with the apex to- 
ward the enemy; a projection in a 
wall. 

(red'blind), a. a form of 

color blindness in which there is 

incapacity to distinguish the color 

red. 

redden ('n), v.t. to make red: v.i. to 

become red, blush. 
reddish ('ish), adj. somewhat red. 
redeem (re-dem'), v.t. to ransom 
from bondage; rescue; make atone- 
ment for; perform; recover; make 
good use of; ransom from sin and 
its consequences. 
redeemer ('er), n. one who redeems. 
Redeemer, n. Jesus Christ, the 

Saviour. 
redemption (-demp'shun), n. repur- 
chase; release; ransom; freeing of 
an estate from a mortgage; salva- 
tion of mankind by Jesus Christ, 
redemptioner (-er), n. an emigrant 
to the United States who sells his 
services for a certain term, as pay- 
ment for his passage out from 
Europe. 
redingote (-ing-got'), n. a long 

double-breasted coat. 
redivivus (-i-vi'vus), adj. come to 

life again. 
red-letter day ('let-er da), n. a lucky 
day ; from the Saints' days printed in 
red-letter in the church calendars. 
redolence ('6-lens), n. perfume; fra- 
grance. 
redolent ('o-lent), adj. emitting a 
sweet smell; fragrant. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; 
boojc; hue, hut; think, then. 



boon, 






REDOUBT 



605 



REFERENDARY 



redoubt (re-douf), n. a field-work 
for strengthening or fortifying a 
military position without flanks. 

redoubtable ('a-bl), adj. formida- 
ble; valiant; terrible to enemies. 

redound (-dound'), v.i. to tend or 
contribute; be in excess. 

redress (-dres'), v.t. to amend or set 
right; compensate; relieve from; to 
dress again: n. the reparation of 
wrong; relief. 

redressible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being redressed. 

redsear (red'ser), v.t. to break or 
crack under the hammer, as iron 
when hot. 

red-snow ('sno), n. an Arctic lichen 
or fungus. 

red-tape ('tap), n. red-colored tape 
used for tying official documents: 
hence excessive official formality. 

reduce (re-dus'), v.t. to bring into a 
lower state: degrade: diminish; con- 
quer; shorten; reclaim to order; 
bring or change (numbers or quan- 
tities) from one denomination into 
another; bring into classes. 

reducible ('si-bl), adj. capable of 
being reduced. 

reduction (-duk'shun), n. the act 
of reducing; the state of being re- 
duced; diminution; conquest or sub- 
jugation; the changing of quantities 
from one denomination to another; 
the process of converting a metallic 
oxide into metal by the expulsion of 
the oxygen contained in it. 

redundance (-dun'dans), n. super- 
fluity; excess. Also redundancy. 

redundant ('dant), adj. superfluous. 

reduplicate (-dup'h-kat), v.t. to 
double again; repeat; multiply. 

reduplication (-ka-shun), n. the act 
of reduplicating. 

red-wing (red'wing), n. a kind of 
thrush. 

ree (re), n. a Portuguese and Bra- 
zilian money of account, the 1,000th 
part of a milree. Also rea, rei. 

reed (red), n. a large, coarse grass, 
of the genus Arundo, with jointed 
hollow stems; a pastoral pipe; 



mouth tube of a musical instru- 
ment; the comb-shaped part of a 
loom which beats the weft up to the 
web; an arrow. 

reef (ref), n. that part of a sail which 
can be reduced by being drawn in 
by small ropes running in eyelet 
holes; a chain of rock lying at or 
near the surface of the water: v.t. 
to reduce the size of (a sail) by 
means of reefs. 

reefer ('er), n. one who, for the pur- 
pose of plunder, entices vessels in 
distress by false signals to come 
among rocks; a midshipman; a 
rough kind of jacket. 

reek (rek), n. smoke; steam: v.i. to 
emit smoke or steam. 

reeky ('i), adj. smoky; made foul by 
smoke or steam. 

reel (rel), n. a thousand feet of picture 
film; bobbin; an angler's implement 
for winding his line upon; a stagger; 
a lively Scotch dance: v.t. to wind 
on a reel: v.i. to stagger; perform a 
reel. 

reeve (rev), n. a bailiff or steward; 
the female of the ruff: v.t. to pass 
the end of (a rope) through any 
hole. 

refection (re-fek'shun), n. a light 
repast. 

refectory ('to-ri), n. an eating room 
or hall. 

refer (-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. referred, 
p.pr. referring], to submit to an- 
other person or authority for infor- 
mation, corroboration, or decision: 
v.i. to allude; have relation; appeal; 
hint. 

referable (ref'er-a-bl), adj. that may 
be referred; ascribable. 

referee (ref-er-e'), n. one to whom 
anything is referred for decision; 
an umpire. 

reference ('er-ens), n. the act of re- 
ferring; allusion; one who, or that 
which, is referred to; trial or deci- 
sion by referees. 

referendary (ref-e-ren'da-ri), adj. re- 
ferring to or having the character 
of a referendum. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



REFERENDUM 



606 



REFORMER 



referendum (ref'er-en-dum), n. the 
. referring of a bill or act of the legis- 
lature to the people for decision by 
vote. 

referential (-en'shal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or referring to, something 
else. 

referrible (re-fer'i-bl), same as re- 
ferable. 

refine (-fin'), v.t. to separate from 
impurities; clear from dross; pol- 
ish; educate or improve: v.i. to be- 
come fine or pure; improve in 
accuracy or delicacy. 

refinement ('ment), n. the act of 
refining; state of being refined; ele- 
gance; polish; purity of taste, mind, 
morals, &c; affectation of elegant 
or subtle improvements. 

refinery ('er-i), n. [pi. refineries 
(-iz) ], a place where anything is 
refined or purified. 

refit (-fit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. refitted, 
p.pr. refitting], to make fit for use 
again; prepare or fit afresh: v.i. 
to repair damages, especially dam- 
ages of ships: n. the renewal of that 
which is damaged or worn, especially 
of parts of a ship. 

reflect (-flekf), v.t to throw back, 
especially rays of light or heat after 
striking on any substance: v.i. to 
be thrown back, as rays of light, 
&c; consider in the mind; cast re- 
proach or censure (with upon). 

reflectible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being reflected. 

reflecting ('ing), p. adj. making re- 
flection; thoughtful; casting reproach 
or censure. 

reflection (-flek'shun), n. the act of 
reflecting; state of being reflected; 
that which is reflected ; the turning of 
thought back upon past experiences 
or ideas; attentive consideration; 
reproach or censure. Also reflexion. 

reflective ('tiv), adj. throwing back 
images or rays; considering the 
operations of the mind or things of 
the past; reflexive. 

reflector ('ter), n. one who, or that 



which, reflects; a polished surfac 
reflecting rays of light or heat. 

reflex ('fleks), adj. bent or turned 
back; directed backwards; illumil 
nated by light reflected from anothel 
part of the same picture; noting th* v 
action of the motor nerves acting 
independently of the will under 
stimulus from impressions made on 
the sensory nerves: n. reflected light, 
&c. 

reflexibility (-i-bil'i-ti), ft. the qual- 
ity of being reflexible. 

reflexible ('i-bl), adj. capable of being 
reflected. 

reflexive ('iv), ad;, reflective; having 
respect to something past; referring 
back to the grammatical subject. 

reflux ('fluks), n. a flowing back. 

reform (-form'), v.t. to make better; 
change or return to a former good 
state; introduce improvement in or 
change for the better; amend; cor- 
rect; form again or anew: v.i. to 
abandon evil for that which is good; 
become better, or amended: n. 
amendment; change for the better, 
especially political change; correc- 
tion. 

reformation (ref-6r-ma'shun), n. the 
act' of reforming; state of being 
reformed; amendment; political re- 
dress; the act of forming again or 
anew. 

Reformation, n. the great religious 
movement (16th century) under 
Martin Luther (with the). 

reformatory ('a-to-ri), adj. tending 
to reform: n. an institution for the 
detention and reformation of juve- 
nile offenders. 

reformed (-formd'), p. adj. restored 
to a previous good state; amended, 
as noting the Protestant churches. 

Reformed Church (cherch), n. that 
section of the Protestant Church 
which on the Continent separated 
from Luther, and adopted the the- 
ology and ecclesiastical polity of 
Calvin. 

reformer ('er), n. one who effects a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



REFRACT 



607 



REGENCY 



reformation, religious, moral, or 
political. 

refract (-frakt'), v.t. to break the 
natural course of, or bend from a 
straight line. 

refracting ('ing), p.adj. having the 
power to turn rays from a direct 
course. 
refraction (-frak'shun), n. the change 
from a straight line which a ray of 
light or heat assumes when passing 
through a smooth surface into a 
medium of greater density at any 
angle other than 90°. 

refractive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
refraction. 

refractory ('to-ri), adj. sullenly or 
perversely obstinate; difficult of 
fusion, &c. 

refrain (-fran'), v.t. to restrain: 
v.i. to forbear; abstain from action: 
n. burden of a song repeated at the 
end of each stanza. 

refrangibility (-fran-ji-biTi-ti), n. 
the quality of being refrangible. 
Also refrangibleness. 

refrangible ('ji-bl), adj. capable of 
being refracted. 

refresh (-fresh'), v.t. to revive after 
fatigue or exhaustion; reinvigorate; 
restore. 

refreshment ('ment), n. the act of 
refreshing; state of being refreshed; 
that which refreshes, as food or rest . 

refrigerant (-frij'er-ant), adj. cool- 
ing; refreshing: n. a substance that 
cools; a cooling medicine. Also re- 
frigerative. 

refrigerate ('er-at), v.t. to cool, or 
keep cool, as by a refrigerator. 

refrigeration (-a'shun) , n. act of cool- 
ing. 

refrigerator ('er-a-ter), n. an ap- 
paratus or vessel for preserving or 
cooling things by means of ice, &c. 

refrigeratory ('er-a-to-ri), adj. cool- 
ing. 

refuge (refuj), n. protection from 
danger or distress; shelter or asylum; 
stronghold; expedient or resource. 

refugee (-e'), n. one who flees for 



protection, especially from political 
or religious persecution. 

refulgence (re-ful'jens), n. bright- 
ness; flood of light; splendor. Also 
refulgency. 

refulgent ('jent), adj. casting a 
bright light; brilliant; splendid. 

refund (-fund'), v.t. to pay back 
again. 

ref usable (-fuz'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being refused. 

refusal (al), ,n. the act of refusing; 
rejection; right to take the prefer- 
ence; option. 

refuse (-fuz'), v.t. to deny or reject, 
as a demand or request: v.i. to de- 
cline to accept; not to comply: n. 
(ref'us), waste or worthless matter; 
rubbish: adj. rejected; worthless. 

refutable (re-ftit'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being refuted. 

refutation (ref-u-ta/shun), n. the act 
of refuting ; that which is refuted. 

refute (re-fuf), v.t. to prove to be 
false or erroneous; repel; disprove. 

regain (-gan'), v.t. to recover pos- 
session of; get back; reach again. 

regal (re'gal), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, a king; kingly; 
royal. 

regale 0-gal'), v.t. to entertain with 
something to delight the .senses; 
feast sumptuously: v.i. to feast. 

regalia (-ga/lia), n.pl. the ensigns 
of sovereignty, as the crown, &c; 
royal rights or prerogatives; decora- 
tions of an order or office. 

regard (re-gard'), v.t. to observe 
particularly; heed; esteem; con- 
sider; respect; value: n. attention; 
respe ct ; consideration ; reference : 
pi. good wishes. 

regardant ('ant), adj. in heraldry, 
looking backwards or behind. 

regatta (-gat 'a), n. a sailing or row- 
ing match for prizes. 

regelation (-jel-a'shun), n. the act 
of freezing two pieces of ice with 
moist surfaces together at 32° F. 

regency (re'jen-si), n. the office or 
jurisdiction of a regent; a body in- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, n5t; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






REGENERACY 



608 



REHEARSAL 



structed with the duties of a re- 
gent. 

regeneracy (re-jen'er-a-si), n. the 
state of being regenerated. 

regenerate ('er-at), v.t. to renew 
the heart of and cause to turn to 
the love of God; produce anew: adj. 
renewed; reformed. 

regeneration (-a 'shun), n. the act 
of regenerating; the state of being 
regenerated; formation of new tis- 
sue to supply that which has been 
lost. 

regent (re'jent), adj. exercising vi- 
carious authority: n. one who gov- 
erns in the interim during the mi- 
nority, absence, or disability of the 
sovereign; a university teacher; a 
member of a board of superintend- 
ence of colleges and schools in the 
state of New York. 

regent-bird (-berd), n. an Austral- 
ian honey-eater with handsome 
plumage. 

regicidal (rej'i-sl-dal), adj. pertain- 
ing to a regicide or to regicide. 

regicide ('i-sld), n. the murder, or 
murderer, of a king. 

regime (ra-zhem'), n. mode; system 
or rule of government, social or 
political. 

regimen (rej'i-men), n. systematic 
regulation of diet or habit; rule; 
the grammatical regulation of one 
word by another. 

regiment (rej'i-ment), n. a number 
of companies of soldiers united into 
one body under the command of a 
colonel. 

regimentation . (-men-ta/shun), n. 
enforced socialism. 

region (re'jun), n. a tract of land; 
country. 

register (rej'is-ter), n. an official 
written record; the book containing 
such record; that which registers, 
records, or regulates; a list of per- 
sons entitled to vote; an organ 
stop; musical compass or range. 

registrar (-trar), n. an official who 
keeps a register or record. 



registration (-tra/shun), n. the act 
of inserting in a register. 

registry ('is-tri), n. the place where 
a register is kept. 

reglet (reg'let), n. a flat, narrow 
molding; a slip of wood used for 
separating lines or filling blank 
spaces in printing. 

regnal ('nal), adj. pertaining to a 
reign. 

regnant ('nant), adj. reigning; ex- 
ercising royal authority; prevalent. 

regression (re-gresh'un), n. retro- 
gression. 

regret (-gref), n. mental sorrow or 
concern for anything, as for past 
conduct or negligence; remorse: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. regretted, p.pr. regret- 
ting], to remember with sorrow; 
bewail the loss or want of. 

regrettable # ('a-bl), adj. admitting 
of, or causing, regret. 

regular (reg'u-lar), adj. according 
to rule, order, or established usage; 
consistent; governed by rule; uni- 
form; methodical; exact; fully 
qualified; having sides or surfaces 
composed of equal figures or lines: 
n. a soldier belonging to a standing 
army; one who is under monastic 
rule. 

regularity (-lar'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being regular; con- 
formity to rule; uniformity; method 
or certain order. 

regulate ('u-lat), v.t. to make regu- 
lar; put in good order; adjust by 
rule. 

regulation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
regulating; order; method; rule. 

regulator ('u-la-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, regulates; a lever for 
regulating motion; lever of a watch; 
an accurate timepiece. 

regulus ('ii-lus), n. a metal contain- 
ing more or less impurities of the 
ore. 

regurgitate (re-ger'ji-tat), v.i. to be 
thrown or poured back. 

rehabilitate (re-ha-bil'i-tat), v.t. to 
restore to former condition or status. 

rehearsal (-her'sal), n. a recital in 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



REHEARSE 



609 



RELEASE 



private prior to a public perform- 
ance. 

rehearse (-hers'), v.t. to repeat, as 
what has already been said or writ- 
ten; tell or narrate; recite before 
public performance. 

Reichsrath (rikhs'rat), n. the par- 
liament of the Austrian empire. 

Reichstag ('takh), n. the German 
parliament. 

reign (ran), v.i. to exercise sovereign 
authority; rule; be predominant : n. 
supreme power or influence; time 
during which a sovereign rules. 

reimburse (re-im-bers'), v.t. to re- 
fund. 

reimbursement ('ment), n. refund- 
ing. 

rein (ran), n. the strap of a bridle; 
an instrument for curbing, restrain- 
ing, or governing; power: pi. the 
kidneys, or parts about them; loins; 
the heart [Old Testament]: v.t. to 
govern with a bridle; restrain;- con- 
trol: v.i. to check a horse with the 
reins. 

reincarnation (re-in-kar-na'shun), n. 
a return after death to life in this 
world in another body. 

reindeer ('der), n. a large Arctic 
deer. 

Ieinforce (re-in-fors'), v.t. to sup- 
ply with new strength, support, or 
assistance. 
einstate (-in-staf), v.t. to restore 
to a former state. 
eiteration (-it-er-a'shun) , n. repe- 
tition. 
eiterative (-it'er-a-tiv), n. a word 
or part of a word reduplicated; a 
verb noting reproduction or inten- 
sive action. 
reject (re-jekf), v.t. to throw away 
as useless or vile; refuse; renounce; 
discard. 
rejection ('shun), n. the act of re- 
jecting. 
rejoice (-jois'), v.i. to feel or express 
joy or gladness; exult: v.t. to make 
joyful. 
rejoin (-join'), v.t. to unite again 
after separation: v.i. to answer a 



reply; answer as the defendant to 
the plaintiff's replication. 

rejoinder ('der), n. an answer to a 
reply; in law, the defendant's an- 
swer to the plaintiff's replication. 

rejuvenate (re-ju'ven-at), v.t. to make 
youthful again. 

relais (-la'), n. a narrow walk with- 
out the rampart of a fortification. 

relapse (-laps'), v.i. to fall back from 
a state of convalescence; return to 
a former bad state or habit: n. a 
falling into a former bad state; re- 
turn of a disease after convalescence 
or partial recovery. 

relate (-laf), v.t. to tell; describe; 
recite; narrate: v.i. to refer. 

related (-la/ted), p. adj. told or de- 
scribed; allied by kindred or blood 
relationship. 

relation (-la/shun), n. the act of re- 
lating; the thing related; mutual 
connection between two or more 
things; proportion or ratio; connec- 
tion by birth or marriage; kinsman 
or kinswoman. 

relative > (rel'a-tiv), adj. having, or 
expressing, relation; pertinent; be- 
longing to or connected with; re- 
lating to a word, sentence, or clause: 
n. that which has relation to some- 
thing else; a person connected by 
kinship or consanguinity; a word 
which relates to its antecedent. 

relator (re-la'ter), n. one who re- 
lates; a prosecutor. 

relax (-laks'), v.t. to slacken; make 
less close; render less tense, rigor- 
ous, or severe; divert, as the mind; 
loosen, as the bowels; make lan- 
guid: v.i. to take relaxation; become 
less severe or close. 

relaxation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
relaxing; state of being relaxed; 
diminution of tension; diversion or 
recreation. 

relay (-la'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. relaid, 
p.pr. relaying], to lay a second 
time: n. fresh post-horses or hunting 
dogs to relieve others; new supply; 
a subsidiary electric circuit. 

release (-les'), v.t. to set free; dis- 






ftte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RELEGATE 



610 



REMAND 



charge; free from obligation or pen- 
alty: n. liberation from restraint, 
penalty, pain, &c. ; discharge from 
an obligation. 

relegate (rel'e-gat), v.t. to banish; 
consign. 

relegation (-ga/shun), n. the act of 
relegating. 

relent (-lent'), v.i. to grow less hard 
or severe; become more tender; 
yield. 

relessee (-les-e'), n. the person to 
whom a deed of release is granted. 
Also releasee. 

releasor ('er), n. the person who 
grants a deed of release. 

relevancy (rel'e-van-si), n. applica- 
bility; pertinence. Also relevance. 

relevant ('e-v&nt), adj. applicable; 
related ; pertinent. 

reliability (re-li-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being reliable. Also relia- 
bleness. 

reliable ('a-bl), adj. trustworthy. 

reliance ('ans), n. confidence; trust. 

reliant ('ant), adj. having reliance. 

relic (rel'ik), n. that which is left 
after the loss or decay of the rest; 
memorial or souvenir; remains of a 
person deceased; body or other me- 
morial of a saint held in religious 
reverence. 

relict ('ikt), n. a widow. 

relief (re-lef), n. that which miti- 
gates pain, grief, &c; release from 
some post or duty; assistance given 
to the poor; aid; redress; the pro- 
jection of a sculptured design from 
the plane surface. 

relier (-li'er), n. one who relies. 

relievable (-lev'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being relieved. 

relieve (-lev'), v.t. to free from pain, 
suffering, grief, &c; mitigate; alle- 
viate; help; release from a post of 
duty. 

religion (re-lij'un), n. any system of 
faith or worship ; love and obedience 
toward God; piety; monastic vow 
or state. 

religious ('us), adj. pertaining to, 
characteristic of, or set apart for, 



religion; godly; pious; devotional;* 
conscientiously exact or strict; 
bound by monastic vows: n. one 
who is bound by monastic vows. 

religious-house (-hous), n. a mon- 
astery or nunnery. 

relinquish (-ling'kwish), v.t. to for- 
sake or abandon; quit; leave with 
reluctance; desist from; renounce a 
claim to. 

relinquishment (-ment), n. the act 
of relinquishing; abandonment. 

reliquary (rel'i-kwa-ri), n. ' [pi. reli- 
quaries (-riz) ], a depository for 
relics; a casket or small chest for 
holding relics. 

relique (-ek'), n. a relic [French]. 

relish (rel'ish), v.t. to like the taste 
of; use with pleasure; enjoy: v.i. 
to have a pleasing taste: n. sensa- 
tion of flavor; taste; savor; zest; 
enjoyment given by anything; pleas- 
ure; inclination. 

reloader (re-lo'der), n. a self-loading 
apparatus for transporting coal in a 
storage yard and delivering it to cars 
or vessels. 

relocator (re-lo'ka-ter), n. a device 
by which the direction and distance 
of an object as determined by a range 
finder in some safe locality may be 
converted into corresponding data 
for the position of the gun that is 
to be aimed at the object. 

reluctance (re-luk'tansj, n. unwill- 
ingness. Also reluctancy. 

reluctant ('tant), adj. unwilling; 
disinclined. 

rely (-11'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. relied, p.pr. 
relying], to lean upon with confi- 
dence; trust or have confidence in. 

remain (-man'), v.i. to continue; 
stay; last; endure; be left in a par- 
ticular state or place; be left after 
or out of a greater number: n.pl. a 
dead body; the literary works of an 
author published after his death; I 
ruins. 

remand (-mand'), v.t. to recommit I 
or send back; remit in custody to a ] 
future time: n. the act of remand- J 
ing; state of being remanded. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



REMARK 



611 



RENAISSANCE 



remark (-mark'), v.t. to note or ob- 
serve; express; say: n. notice or ob- 
servation; comment. 

remarkable ('a-bl), adj. worthy of 
notice or remark; extraordinary; 
strange; famous; uncommon. 

remediable (re-me'di-a-bl), adj. ad- 
mitting remedy. 

remedial ('di-al), adj. affording, or 
intended for, a remedy. 

remedy ('e-di), # n. [pi. remedies 
(-diz) ], that which cures a disease, 
or counteracts an evil; a restora- 
tive; an efficacious medicine: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. remedied, p.pr. remedy- 
ing], to repair or remove something 
evil from. 

remember (re-mem 'ber), v.t. to re- 
call to mind; attend" to; keep in 
mind with gratitude, regard, or rev- 
erence. 

remembrance Cbrans), n. power of 
remembering; memory; length of 
time during which anything can be 
remembered; recollection. 

remind (-mind'), v.t. to bring to the 
remembrance of; put in mind. 

reminiscence _ (rem-i-nis'ens), n. re- 
covery m of ideas; memory; that 
which is remembered. 

reminiscent ('ent), adj. having rec- 
ollection. 

remise (re-miz'), v.t. to resign or 
surrender by deed: n. the surrender 
of a claim by deed. 

remiss (-mis'), adj. careless in the 
performance of duty or business; 
needless; dilatory. 

remission (-mish'un), n. the act of 
remitting; pardon; abatement; re- 
laxation. m 

remit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. remit- 
ted, p.pr. remitting], to pardon; 
transmit, as money, bills, &c; send 
back: v.i. moderate or abate in vio- 
lence or force. 

remittal ('al), n. surrender; trans- 
mission. 

remittance ('ans), n. that which is 
remitted; the sending of money, 
bills, &c., in payment; the sum so 
transmitted. 



remittent ('ent), adj. increasing and 
abating alternately. 

remnant (rem'nant), n. that which 
is left after a part has been re- 
moved; remainder. 

remonetize (re-mqn'e-tlz), v.t. to re- 
store to eirculation in the shape of 
money. 

remonstrance (-mon'strans), n. 
strong representation against some- 
thing complained of; expostulation. 

remonstrant ('strant), adj. expos- 
tulatory. 

remonstrate ('strat), v.i. to urge or 
put forward strong reasons against 
some act or course complained of; 
expostulate. 

remorse (re-mors'), n. anguish of 
mind caused by the sense of guilt; 
sympathetic sorrow; compunction. 

remote (-mot'), adj. distant in time 
or space; far; primary; alien; for- 
eign; inconsiderable. 

removability (-moov-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being removable. 

removable ('a-bl), adj. capable of 
being removed. 

removal ('al), n. the act of removing 
or displacing; change of place; dis- 
missal; act of putting an end to. 

remove (-moov') v.t. to put from its 
place; withdraw; cut off, or kill: 
v.i. to change place; change resi- 
dence: n. change of place; removal; 
promotion; class. 

remunerable (-mu'ner-a-bl), adj. 
that may be remunerated. 

remunerate (-mu'ner-at), v.t. to re- 
ward as an equivalent for service; 
recompense. 

remuneration (-a/shun), n. payment 
for service; recompense; reward. 

remunerative ('ner-a-tiv), adj. yield- 
ing an equivalent return for outlay; 
lucrative; profitable. 

remuneratory ('ner-a-to-ri), adj. 
yielding remuneration; profitable. 

Renaissance (-na-sangs') n. revival 
of letters and arts in the 15th cen- 
tury; the style of architecture that 
succeeded the Gothic; the classic 



Bte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RENAL 



612 



REPEAT 



decorative style revived by the artist 
Raphael. Also Renascence. 

renal (re'nal), adj. pertaining to the 
kidneys. 

renard. Another form of reynard. 

renascent (re-nas'ent), adj. coming 
again into being. 

rencontre (rang-kong'tr), n. a casual 
meeting in opposition or contest; 
collision: v.i. to meet an enemy un- 
expectedly; to come in collision. 
Also recounter. 

rend (rend), v.L [p.t. & p.p. rent, 
p.pr. rending], to tear apart with 
violence; split; lacerate: v.i. to be- 
come rent. 

render (ren'der), v.t. to return; pay 
back; make up; deliver; afford; 
yield; furnish; reproduce; trans- 
late; cause to be boiled down; ex- 
hibit: n. payment of rent. 

rendering (-ing), n. a translation; 
version; execution; first coat of 
plaster. 

rendezvous (ran'da-voo or ren'de- 
voo), n. appointed place of meeting, 
especially for warships or troops: 
v.i. to assemble. 

rendition (ren-dish'un), n. surren- 
der; translation. 

renegade (ren'e-gad), n. one who re- 
nounces his faith; apostate; traitor; 
deserter. 

renege (re-neg')> v.i. to break one of 
the rules in games of cards by failing 
to follow suit when one has the cards 
to do so; to fail to comply with one's 
promise or obligations. 

renew (re-nii'), v.t. to make new 
again; restore; renovate; reinvig- 
orate: v.i. to be made new; begin 
afresh; grow again. 

renewal ('al), n. the act of renew- 
ing; state of being renewed; reno- 
vation; revival. 

reniform (ren'i-form), adj. kidney- 
shaped. 

rennet (ren'et), n. the inner mem- 
brane of a calf's stomach: used for 
coagulating milk 

renounce (re-nouns'), v.t. to disown; 
reject publicly and finally; repudi- 



ate; reject: v.i. in card playing, not 
to follow suit: n. failure to follow 
suit. 

renouncement. Same as renuncia- 
tion. 

renovate (ren'o-vat), v.t. to make 
new again; restore to a previous 
condition, or to a good state; re- 
pair. 

renovation (-va/shun), n. renewal; 
state of being renovated. 

renovator ('o-va-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, renovates; restorer. 

renown (-noun'), n. celebrity; fame; 
distinction: v.t. to make famous. 

renowned (-nound'), p. adj. cele- 
brated; famous; illustrious; dis- 
tinguished. 

rent <rent),n. a tear; fissure; schism; 
periodical payment for the use of 
property: p.t. & pip. of rend. 

rental ('al), n. amount of rent; 
schedule of rents of an estate; rent- 
roll. 

rent-roll (rent'rol), n. a schedule of 
income derived from rents. 

renunciation (re-nun-si-a/shun), n. 
disavowal; rejection. 

rep (rep), adj. having a fine corded 
surface: n. a dress fabric with a fine 
corded surface. 

repair (re-par'), v.i. to go to a (speci- 
fied) place; betake one's self: v.t. 
to restore after injury; mend; reno- 
vate; make amends: n. restoration 
after injury; state of a building. 

reparable (rep'a-ra-bl), adj. capable 
of being repaired. 

reparation (-a-ra'shun), n. restora- 
tion to a good condition; amends or 
compensation; restitution. 

repartee (rep-ar-te'), n. a ready, 
witty reply. 

repast (re-pasf), n. sl meal; victuals. 

repeal (-pel'), v.t. to revoke or abro- 
gate; annul: n. revocation; abro- 
gation. 

repeat (-pet'), v.t. to do or speak a 
second time; iterate; recite; quote 
from memory: n. repetition; a sign 
in music directing a part to be 
repeated. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






REPEATER 



613 



REPRESENTATIVE 



repeater ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, repeats; revolver; a watch 
that strikes the hours, &c, by press- 
ing a spring; a decimal in which the 
same figure or figures are repeated; 
one who illegally votes more than 
once at the same election. 

repel (-pel'),, v.t. [p.t. & p.p. repelled, 
p.pr. repelling], to drive back; re- 
sist^ check the advance of: v.i. to 
act in opposition to force impressed; 
check or drive inwards. 

repellent ('ent), adj. driving back; 
tending or able to repel; repulsive. 

repent (-pent')* v.i. to feel pain or 
sorrow on account of something 
done or left undone, especially for 
sin committed leading to repent- 
ance; change from past evil: v.t. to 
regret [Old Testament]. 

repentance (-pen'tans), ft. contri- 
tion. 

repentant ('tant), adj. penitent. 

repertoire (rep-er-twar'), ft- a reposi- 
tory; stock of dramas, songs, &c, 
ready for use. 

repertory (-to-ri), ft. a storehouse; 
treasury. 

repetition (-e-tish'un), n. the act of 
repeating; recital from memory. 

repine (re-pin'), v.i. to fret one's 
self; murmur; complain; feel dis- 

• content. 

replenish (-plen'ish), v.t. to fill up 
again ; fill or stock in abundance. 

replenishment (-ment), ft. the act 
of replenishing; state of being re- 
plenished. 

replete (-plef), adj. completely filled; 
full. 

repletion (-ple'shun), ft. the state of 
being too full; plethora. 

replevin (-plev'in], ft. an action to 
recover goods wrongfully seized, on 
security being given to try the case; 
writ for replevying. 

replevy ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. replevied, 
p.pr. replevying], to recover by writ 
goods wrongfully seized, on giving 
security to try the right to them at 
law. 

replica (rep'li-ka), ft. a copy of an 



original picture or statue executed 
by the same artist or sculptor. 

replicate ('li-kat), adj. folded back. 

replication (-ka/shun), ft. a reply; 
echo; repetition; the plaintiff's an- 
swer to the plea of the defendant. 

replier (re-pli'er), ft. one who replies. 

report (-port'), v.t. to give an account 
of; relate; tell from one to another; 
circulate publicly; take down (spok- 
en words): v.i. to make a statement: 
ft. an official statement of facts; 
description, an account of a meeting, 
&c; rumor; hearsay; noise. 

reportorial (-por-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to, or constituted by, re- 
porters. 

reposal (-poz'al), ft. state of repose. 

repose (-poz'), v.t. to lay to rest; re- 
fresh by rest; compose; lay, place, 
or rest, as confidence or trust (with 
*in or on): v.i. to sleep; recline: n. 
sleepy quiet; mental rest; certain 
parts in a picture which tranquilize 
its aspect. 

repository (-poz'i-to-ri), ft. [pi. re- 
positories (-riz) ], a warehouse for 
the storing and safe keeping of 
goods; shop or warehouse. 

repousse (re-poos'a), ft. ornamental 
metal work formed in relief and 
chased. 

reprehend (rep-re-hend')i v.t. to 
censure. 

reprehension ('shun), ft. censure; 
reproof. 

reprehensive ('siv), adj. given to, 
or containing, reproof. Also repre- 
hensory. 

represent (rep-re-zenf) , v.t. to ex- 
hibit the image of; show; describe; 
give an account of; personate or 
act the part of; reproduce; to pre- 
sent again (re-pre-zenf). 

representation (-zen-ta'shun) , ft. the 
act of representing; that which 
represents; portrayal; description; 
likeness; image or picture; dramatic 
performance; body of representa- 
tives; statement of arguments or 
reasons. 

representative ('ta-tiv), adj. having 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



REPRESS 



614 



REQUIRE 



the power or character of another; 
exhibiting a similitude; typical: n. 
one who is authorized to act for 
another or others; deputy or dele- 
gate, especially one chosen by a body 
of electors; a member of the popular 
branch of Congress or of a State 
Legislature; he who, or that which, 
represents or exhibits a likeness; 
an heir. 

repress (-pres'), v.t. to check or re- 
strain; crush; quell. 

repression (-presh'un), n. the act of 
repressing. 

reprieve (-preV), v.t. to grant a 
respite to; delay the execution of: 
n. temporary suspension of a crimi- 
nal sentence. 

reprimand (rep'ri-mand), v.t. to re- 
prove severely ; reprove publicly and 
officially: n. a severe reproof. 

reprisal (re-priz'al), n. something 
done or seized by way of retaliation 
for an injury or wrong suffered. 

reproach (-proch'), v.t. to censure 
severely; upbraid: n. severe blame 
mingled with contempt; object of 
scorn; shame or disgrace. 

reproachful ('fool), adj. containing, 
or expressing reproach. 

reprobate (rep'ro-bat), v.t. to con- 
demn strongly or with detestation; 
disown: adj. wholly given up to sin; 
abandoned; depraved: n. a profligate 
person. 

reprobation (-ba/shun), n. the act 
of reprobating; abandonment to 
eternal destruction; condemnation. 

reproof (-proof), n. censure; rebuke. 

reprove (-proov'), v.t. to censure or 
blame; reprimand; rebuke. 

reptile (rep'til), n. an animal of the 
class Reptilia that creeps or crawls 
on the ground; a mean, groveling 
person: adj. creeping; crawling; 
groveling. 

reptilian (til'i-an), adj. pertaining 
to, or like, a reptile. Also reptilious. 

republic (re-pub 'lik), n. a state or 
country in which the supreme power 
is vested in representatives elected 
by popular vote; commonwealth. 



republican ('lik-an), adj. pertaining 
to, characteristic of, or consisting 
of, a republic: n. one who favors 
republican government. 

Republican (lik-an), n. a member 
of the Republican party, one of the 
two principal political parties in the 
United States. 

republication (-li-ka'shun), n. the 
act of repubHshing ; re-impression of 
a printed book; second publication. 

republish ('lish), v.t. to publish anew; 
print a new edition of. 

repudiate (-pu'di-at), v.t. to disown 
or disclaim; refuse to pay or ack- 
nowledge; disavow. 

repudiation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
repudiating; disavowal; rejection. 

repudiator ('di-a-ter), n. one who 
repudiates. 

repugnance (-pug'nans), n. aver- 
sion; reluctance; dislike. Also re- 
pugnancy. 

repugnant ('nant), adj. highly dis- 
tasteful or offensive; contrary; hos- 
tile. 

repulse (puis'), v.t. to drive back; 
beat off; repel: n. the state of being 
driven back or repelled; refusal; 
denial. 

repulsion (-pul'shun), n. the act of 
driving back; state of being re- 
pelled; the power by which certain 
bodies or their molecules recede from 
each other; aversion. 

repulsive ('siv), adj. tending to re- 
pel; forbidding; disgusting. 

reputable (rep'u-ta-bl), adj. esteemed; 
honorable; respectable. 

reputation (-ta'shun), n. good name 
or character; honor; credit. 

repute (-put'), v.t. to estimate; 
deem: n. estimation; character; rep- 
utation. 

request (-kwesf), n. desire ex- 
pressed; petition; prayer; demand; 
entreaty: v.t. to ask for. 

requiem (re'kwi-em), n. a mass, or 
musical setting of a mass, for the 
repose of the soul of a person de- 
ceased. 

require (re-kwir'), v.t. to ask for or 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



■ 



REQUISITE 



615 



RESISTANCE 



claim as by right or authority; de- 
mand; exact; need. 
requisite (rek'wi-zit), adj. needful; 
indispensable: n. anything requisite. 
requisition (-wi-zish'un), n. the act 
of requiring; that which is required; 
demand, especially a written one: 
v.t. to demand; make a requisition 
upon. 
requital (-kwit'al), n. retaliation. 
requite (-kwit'), v.t. to make return 
for treatment, good or evil; recom- 
pense; retaliate; revenge. 
reremouse (rer'mous), n. the bat. 
rescind (re-sind'), v.t. to annul; re- 
voke. 
rescission (-sizh'un), n. the act of 

annulling. 
rescript ('skript), n. an edict or 'de- 
cree, especially of an emperor or 
pope in answer to some question of 
jurisprudence officially submitted to 
him, and having the force of a 
law. 
rescue (res'ku), v.t. to set free from 
danger, restraint, or violence; lib- 
erate; deliver: n. deliverance from 
danger, restraint, or violence; forci- 
ble retaking of persons or goods de- 
tained by legal authority. 
research (-serch'), n. laborious, care- 
ful inquiry or investigation: v.t. to 
search again; investigate carefully 
and diligently. 
resemblance (-zem'blans), n. likeness. 
resemble (-zem'bl), v.t. to have a 

likeness to; have similarity to. 
resent (-zent'), v.t. to consider as an 
injury or affront; take ill; be angry 
in consequence of. 
resentment ('ment), n. strong anger 
or displeasure; deep sense of injury. 
reservation (rez-er-va/shun) , n. any- 
thing kept back or reserved; clause, 
proviso, or limitation, by which 
something is reserved; public land 
reserved for some particular use, as 
schools, &c. 
reserve (re-zerv'), v.t. to keep in 
store; hold back for future use; re- 
tain: n. that which is retained for 
future use; closeness or caution in 



speaking or acting; taciturnity; 
modesty: pi. troops kept for the 
support of an army or to meet any 
contingency. 

reservoir (rez'er-vwar), n. a place 
where anything (usually fluids and 
liquids) is collected and stored up 
for use. 

resetter (re-set'er), n. one who re- 
sets or places again. 

reside (re-zid'), v.i. to dwell or in- 
habit; live. 

residence (rez'i-dens), n. place of 
abode; domicile; act of residing. 

residency (-den-si), n. in India, the 
official residence of the British Min- 
ister. 

residential ('shal), n. pertaining to, 
containing, or suitable for, residents. 

residual (re-zid'u-al), adj. remain- 
ing after a part has been taken 
aw§y. 

residuary ('u-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or constituting, the residue; re- 
lating or entitled to the remainder 
of an estate, &c, after deducting 

■ legal expenses. 

residue (rez'i-dti), n. remainder. 

residuum (re-zid'u-um), n. that 
which is left after a chemical proc- 
ess. 

resign (-zin'), v.t. to yield to another; 
surrender formally; withdraw from; 
submit calmly; sign again (re-sin'). 

resignation (rez-ig-na'shun), n. the 
act of resigning; state of being re- 
signed; calm submission or acqui- 
escence; patience. 

resilient (re-ziTi-ent), adj. springing 
back. 

resin (rez'in), n. a solid inflammable 
substance obtained from various 
trees which exude it in the form of 
gum. 

resinous (-us), ad;, containing, con- 
sisting of, or like, resin. 

resist (re-zist'), v.t. to oppose; with- 
stand; thwart; strive against: v.i. 
to make opposition or resistance. 

resistance (-zis'tans), n. the act of 
resisting; opposition; power of a 
body that acts in opposition to an* 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






RESISTIBILITY 



616 



RESPLENDENCE 



other; in photography, contrast of 
light and shade. 

resistibility (-zist-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being resistible. 

resistible ('i-bl), adj. capable of re- 
sisting. 

resistless ('les), n. irresistible. 

resoluble (rez'o-lu-bl), adj. capable 
of being melted or resolved. 

resolute ('6-lut), adj. determined; 
having a fixed purpose; decided; 
firm ; steady. 

resolution (-lii'shun), n. the act of 
resolving; state of being resolved; 
analysis; fixed determination; con- 
stancy of purpose; formal proposal 
in a legislative assembly or public 
meeting; solution. 

resolution of forces (for'sez), the 
dividing of a force into two or more, 
which would have the same effect as 
if it acted alone. 

resolutive ('o-lu-tiv), adj. having the 
power to dissolve. 

resolvability (re-zol-va-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being resolvable. Re- 
sol vableness. 

resolvable (Va-bl), adj. capable of 
being resolved. 

resolve (-zolv'), v.t. to reduce to 
constituent parts; analyze; free 
from doubt or difficulty; clear or 
separate; solve; settle in an opin- 
ion; decide; determine by vote; dis- 
perse, as a tumor, &c; carry a dis- 
cord into a concord [music]: v.i. to 
determine; pass a formal resolution. 

resolvent (-zol'vent), adj. having the 
power of. resolving; causing solu- 
tion: n. a medicine to disperse a 
tumor, &c. 

resonance (rez'o-nans), n. the qual- 
ity of being resonant. Also resonancy. 

resonant ('o-nant), adj. returning 
sound. 

resort (-zorf), v.i. to betake one's 
self; go often; have recourse; ap- 
ply: n. place much frequented; con- 
course; resource. 

rewound (-zound'), v.i. & v.t. to re- 
verberate; be re-echoed; spread the 



fame or renown of; send back sound; 
echo; sound again (re-sound'). 

resource (-sors'), n. source of help 
or supply; an expedient to which 
one resorts: pi. money; means of 
any kind. 

resp (resp), n. a disease of sheep. 

respect (re-spekf), n. regard; ex- 
pression of esteem; deference; man- 
ner of treating others; respectful 
demeanor; point, reference, or par- 
ticular: pi. expression of good-will 
or regard: v.t. to honor or esteem; 
have relation to. 

respectability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being respectable. 

respectable ('a-bl), adj. capable or 
worthy of respect; held in good re- 
fute; moderate in excellence or 
number. * 

respectful ('fool), adv. characterized 
by respect. 

respecting ('ing), prep, concerning. 

respective ('iv), adj. relating to a 
particular .person or thing; not ab- 
solute; relative. 

respirability (-spir-a-bil'i-ti), n. 

the quality of being respirable. Re- 
spirableness. 

respirable ('a-bl), adj. that may be, 
or is fit to be, breathed. 

respiration (res-pi-ra/shun), n. the 
act or process of breathing; relief 
from toil. 

respirator ('pi-ra-ter), n. a network 
contrivance for covering the mouth 
and protecting the lungs from cold, 
fog, &c. 

respiratory ('pi-ra-to-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or serving for, respiration. 

respire (-splr'), v.t. to draw air into 
the lungs and expel it again; breathe; 
inhale: v.t. to breathe in and out, 
as air. 

respite (res'pit), n. pause or tempo- 
rary cessation of anything; delay; 
interval of rest; reprieve: v.t. to 
grant a respite to; suspend the exe- 
cution of. 

resplendence (re-splen'dens), n. bril- 
liant luster; intense light. Also 
resplendency. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RESPOND 



617 



RETAINER 



respond (-spond'), v.i. to answer or 
reply; be liable for payment: v.t. 
to pay:' n. a short anthem sung be- 
tween the reading of the lessons. 

respondent Cent), adj. giving re- 
sponse: ft. one who answers or re- 
plies; one who maintains a thesis in 
reply; one who answers to a suit at 
law. 

respondentia (-spon-den'shi-a), _ ft. 
a loan on the security of a ship's^ 
cargo. 

response (-spons'), ft. the act of 
answering; reply; in a liturgical 
service, the answer of the congrega- 
tion to the priest. 

responsible ('i-bl), adj. involving 
responsibility^ answerable; liable. 

responsive ('siv), adj. answering; 
correspondent. 

responsory ('o-ri), adj. containing 
answer: n. the answer of the con- 
gregation to the priest in a liturgical 
service. 

restaurant (res'to-rant, or -to-rang), 
n. a house for refreshment; an eat- 
ing-house. 

restaurateur (-ra-ter), ft. the keeper 
of a restaurant. 

restful ('fool), adj. full of rest; 
quiet. 
; restitution (-ti-tu'shun), n. the act 
of making good any loss, injury, or 
damage; compensation; amends. 

restive (res'tiv), adj. unwilling to 
go forward; stubborn; obstinate; 
uneasy. 

res tor able (re-stor'a-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of being restored. 

restoration (res-to-ra/shun), ft. the 
act of restoring; renewal; repair. 

restorative (re-stor'a-tiv), adj. ca- 
pable of restoring: n. a re-invigorat- 
ing medicine. 

restore (-stor'), v.t. to bring back to 
its former strength; repair; rebuild; 
heal or cure; re-invigorate; renew; 
amend; reclaim; store again. 

restrain (-stran'), v.t. to check; re- 
press. 

restraint (-stranf), ft. the act of 



restraining;* state of being restrained; 
limitation. 

restrict (-strikf), v.t. to confine or 
limit. 

restriction (-strik'shun), ft. the act 
of restricting; limitation; confine- 
ment. 

restrictive ('tiv), adj. imposing re- 
straint. 

result (-zulf), v.i. to follow as a 
consequence; to come to a decision; 
ensue; decree: ft. conclusion or con-, 
sequence. 

resultant ('ant), adj. following as a 
result: ft. a single force compounded 
of two or more forces and represent- 
ing their combined effects. 

resulting ('ing), p. adj. following as 
a result or consequence. 

resume (ra-zu-ma/), ft. a summary. 

resume (-zum'), v.t. to take up again 
after interruption; begin again; 
take back. 

resumption (re-zump'shun), ft. the 
act of resuming. 

resurrection (rez-er-ek'shun), ft. a 
rising again from the dead; moral 
revival. 

resurrectionist (-ist), ft. formerly 
a man who disinterred dead bodies 
for sale for anatomical purposes. 

resuscitate (re-sus'i-tat), v.t. to re- 
vive from apparent death; revivify. 

resuscitation # (-ta/shun), ft. the act 
of resuscitating; state of being re- 
suscitated. 

resuscitator ('i-ta-ter), ft. one who, 
or that which, resuscitates. 

ret (ret), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. retted, p.pr. 
retting], to steep in water to sepa- 
rate the^ fibers of a substance, as 
flax, by incipient rotting. 

retail (re-taT), v.t. to sell in small 
quantities; sell second-hand: n. (re'- 
tal) sale, of goods in small quanti- 
ties: adj. dealing in small quantities 
or second-hand. 

retain (-tan'), v.t. to hold or keep 
in possession; detain; engage by a 
fee prepaid. 

retainer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, retains; a dependent; at- 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




RETALIATE 



618 



RETRENCHMENT 



tendant; preliminary retaining fee 
paid to counsel. 

retaliate (-tal'i-at), v.t. to return by 
giving like for like (usually in an 
ill sense). 

retaliation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
retaliating. 

retaliative' ('i-a-tiv), adj. returning 
like for like; vindictive. Also re- 
taliatory. 

retard (-tard'), v.t. to hinder or ob- 
struct; delay; keep back. 

retardation (-tar-da/shun), n. the 
act of retarding; hindrance; post- 
ponement. 

retardative ('da-tiv), adj. tending to 
retard. 

retch (rech), v.i. to try to vomit; 
strain in vomiting. 

retention (re-ten'shun), n. the act 
of holding back; power of retaining, 
especially ideas. 

retentive ('tiv), adj. having the 
power to retain. 

reticence (ret'i-sens), n. silence; re- 
serve. 

reticular (-tik'u-lar), adj. formed 
with interstices. 

reticulate ('u-lat), adj. formed of, 
or resembling, net-work. 

reticule (ret'i-kul) , n. a lady's hand- 
bag or workbag; a telescopic eye- 
piece across which is stretched a 
network of very fine material for 
dividing the field of view into small 
equal squares. 

retiform (re'ti-form), adj. net-shaped. 

retina (ret'i-na), n. one of the coats 
of the eye, containing the ends of 
the sensory nerves which receive the 
impressions which give rise to vis- 
ion. 

retinitis (-i-nl'tis), n. inflammation 
of the retina. 

retinue (1-nu), n. the suite or at- 
tendants of a prince or person of 
distinction; train. 

retiracy (re-tir'a-si), n. the state of 
having retired; competency. 

retire (-tir'), v.i. to go to a place of 
privacy; withdraw; retreat; recede; 



withdraw from business, official, or, 
active life; to go to bed. 

retired (-tlrd'), adj. secluded from! 
society; having given up business,!/ 
&c; private. 

retirement (-tir'ment), n. the act 
of retiring; state of being retired; 
privacy; solitude. 

retiring ('ing), adj. reserved, not 
obtrusive; assigned, as a pension, to 
an official retiring from the public 
service, &c. 

retort (-tort'), v.t. to return, as an 
argument, incivility, censure, accu- 
sation, \fcc: v.i. to make a retort: 
n. censure; incivility, &c, returned; 
sharp reply; a vessel used in distill- 
ing and decomposing substances. 

retouch (-tuch'), v.t. to touch again; 
improve by going over a work of art 
to restore faded parts, &c. 

retract (-trakf), v.t. to draw, or 
take back; recall; rescind; recant: 
v.i. to withdraw something pre- 
viously said or written: n. the prick 
of a horse's foot in nailing a horse- 
shoe. 

retractible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being retracted. Also retractile, re- 
tractable. 

retractation (-trak-ta'shun), n. the 
act of retracting; recantation; dis- 
avowal. Also retraction. 

retractor ('ter), n. one who re^ 
tracts; a muscle or instrument for 
drawing back. 

retreat (-tret'), n. the act of with- 
drawing or retiring; retirement or 
seclusion; place of privacy; shelter; 
the retiring of an army or body of 
troops from the face of an enemy or 
an advanced position; signal for re- 
tiring from an engagement, or to 
quarters: v.i. to withdraw to seclu- 
sion or place of safety; retire before 
an enemy. 

retrench (-trench'), v.t. to furnish 
wiih a retrenchment: v.i. cut down 
expenses. 

retrenchment ('ment), n. curtail- 
ment; reduction of expenses; a mil- 
i.tary work constructed inside an- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RETRIBUTION 



619 



REVERENT 



other to resist an enemy who has 
forced the outer one. 

retribution (ret-ri-bii'shun), n. re- 
ward of punishment suitable to the 
action; distribution of rewards or 
punishments in future life at the 
final judgment. 

retrievable (-trev'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being retrieved. 

retrieve (-treV), v.t. to recover; re- 
store; regain: v.i. to act as a re- 
triever. 

retriever ('er), n. a variety of dog 
trained to fetch game. 

retro, a prefix meaning back, back- 
wards, as retrospect, a review of the 
past. 

retrocede (re-tro-sed'), v.t. to cede or 
grant back. 

retrocession (-sesh'un), n. the act 
of going back. 

retrograde ('tro-grad), adj. going or 
moving backwards; apparently mov- 
ing from east to west as a planet; 
going from a better to a worse moral 
condition; becoming less highly or- 
ganized: v.i. to go backwards. 

retrogression (-gresh'un), n. the act 
of going backward. 

retrogressive. Same as retrograde. 

retrospect. See under retro. 

retrospection (-spek'shun), n. the 
act or faculty of looking back on 
the past. 

retrospective ('tiv), adj. looking back 
on things past; referring to past 



retroversion (-ver'shun), n. a turn- 
ing or falling backward. 

returning officer ('ing of'i-ser), n. 
an official whose duty it is to preside 
at an election, make returns to 
writs, juries, &c. 

retuse (-tils'), adj> very blunt; hav- 
ing the extremity broad and slight- 
ly depressed. 

reunion (re-u'nyun), n. a festive 
gathering of familiar friends or as- 
sociates; act of reuniting. 

reunite (-ii-nit'), v.t. to unite again; 
reconcile after variance: v.i. become 
united again. 



reveal (re-vel'), v.t. to make known; 
disclose: n. the vertical side of a 
doorway, window, &c. 

reveille (rev-el-e' or re-val'ye), n. 
the beat of a drum, or bugle call at 
daybreak to awaken soldiers. 

revel (rev'el), n. a noisy or riotous 
feast: v.i. to feast with joyous or 
clamorous merriment. 

revelation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
revealing or making known, espe- 
cially Divine truth; that which is 
revealed, especially by God. to man. 

revelry (-ri), n. boisterous festivity. 

revenge (re-venj'), v.t. to inflict pain 
or punishment because of; exact re- 
tribution for; avenge: n. the act of 
revenging; malicious injuring in re- 
turn for an injury or offense re- 
ceived; retaliation; malice. 

revenue (rev'e-nu), n. the general 
income of a state, derived from the 
annual taxes, excise, customs, &c; 
annual profits from lands, &c. 

reverberate „(re-ver'ber-at), v.t. to 
send back, as sound; re-echo: v.i. 
to be driven back, or reflected, as 
sound or light. 

reverberation (-a'shun), n. the act 
of reverberating. 

reverberatory ('ber-a-to-ri), adj. 
pertaining to, or characterized by, or 
produced by, reverberation: n. a 
domed furnace which reflects the 
flame upon a vessel placed within 
it, without being in contact with 
the fuel. 

revere (-ver'), v.t. to regard with 
fear mingled with respect and affec- 
tion; reverence. 

reverence (rev'er-ens), n. venera- 
tion; honor; respect; act of obei- 
sance; a title given to the clergy 
(with his, your): v.t. to regard with 
reverence. 

reverend (-end), adj. worthy of rev- 
erence. 

Reverend (-end), n. a title given to 
the clergy. 

reverent (-ent), adj. showing, or ex- 
pressive of, reverence; humble; sub- 
missive. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



REVERENTIAL 



620 



REVOLVER 



reverential (-en'shal), adj. proceed- 
ing from reverence; respectful. 

reverie ('er-i), n. deep musing; wake- 
ful dreaminess; irregular train of 
thoughts or fancies in meditation. 

reversal (re-ver'sal), n. the act of 
reversing; overthrow or annulling; 
repeal. 

reverse (-vers'), adj. turned back- 
ward; having an opposite direction; 
made or declared void: v.t. to turn 
upside down; change entirely: n. the 
contrary or opposite; back of a coin 
or medal; change; vicissitude; de- 
feat. 

reversible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing reversed. 

reversion ('shun), n. right to future 
possession or enjoyment; tendency 
of an animal or plant to revert to its 
original form, &c. 

reversionary (-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or involving, right of reversion. 

revert (-vert 7 ), v.t. to turn back; 
change; reverse: v.i. to return or 
fall back; return to the original 
owner or his heirs. 

revertible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being reverted. 

revest (-vest'), v.i. to return to a 
former owner. 

revetment (-vet'ment), n. in fortifi- 
cation, a strong wall erected round 
the lower part of the rampart; a re- 
taining wall. 

review (-vti'), v.t. to consider over 
again; re-examine; look back; re- 
vise; examine critically; inspect 
(troops, &c); write a critical notice 
of: n. the act of reviewing; re-ex- 
amination; survey of the past; criti- 
cism, especially of a new^ publica- 
tion; a periodical with criticisms on 
new books, essays, &c; inspection of 
troops, &c. 

revile (-vil'), v.t. to address with 
opprobrious or contumelious lan- 
guage; reproach. 

revise (-viz'), v.t. to review and 
amend; examine for correction: n: 
a revision; second proof-sheet. 

revision (-vizh'un), n. the act of ex- 



amining for correction; that which 
is revised. 

revival (-vi'val), n. the act of re- 
viving; recovery; renewal of life; 
renewed performance of; reproduc-'/ 
tion ; spiritual awakening. 

revivalism (-izm), n. an interest in ! 
revivals of religion, or the methods 
of procedure to promote such. 

revivalist (-ist), n. one who pro- 
motes revivals. 

revive (-viv'), v.i. to recover life; 
return to vigor or activity, especially 
from a state of languor, neglect, &c. : 
v.t. to restore to life again; reno- 
vate; reproduce. 

revivify (-viv'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p, 
revivified, p.pr. revivifying], to re- 
animate; quicken. 

revocable (rev'o-ka-bl), adj. that 
may be revoked. 

revocation (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
revoking; recall; repeal; reversal. 

revoke (-vok'), v.t. to recall; re- 
peal; annul: v.i. to fail to follow 
suit at cards: n. the act of revoking 
at cards. 

revolt (-volt'), n. rebellion against 
constituted authority; insurrection; 
change of sides; desertion: v.i. to 
turn away in disgust; to rebel: v.t. 
overturn; shock. 

revolting ('ing), p.adj. disgusting; 
repellent. 

revolute (rev'o-ltit), adj. rolled back- 
wards. 

revolution (-lu'shun), n. the act of 
revolving; rotation; change or al- 
teration of system; motion of a 
point or line* about a center; recur- 
rence or succession; fundamental 
and sudden change in the govern- 
ment of a country. 

revolutionize ('shun-Iz), v.t. to cause 
a revolution or entire change of 
government or any system. 

revolve (re-volv'), v.i. to turn-round, 
as on an axis; roll in a circle; or 
tate: v.t. to cause to turn or roll 
round; meditate or reflect upon. 

revolver (-vol'ver), n. one who, or 
that which, revolves; a pistol with 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book;; Sue, hut; think, then. 



REVULSION 



621 



RHOMBUS 



revolving barrels, fired successively 
without reloading. 

revulsion (-vul'shun), ft. sudden and 
violent change, especially of feeling; 
diversion of the cause of a disease 
from one part of the body to an- 
other. 

revulsive ('siv), adj. having the 
power of, or tending to, revulsion. 

reward (-ward'), n. something given 
as a return for good or ill received; 
recompense; retribution; punish- 
ment; gift in token of approved 
merit: v.t. to give in return for good 
or ill received; recompense; punish. 

reynard (ren'ard)^ ft. the fox. 

Rhadamanthine (rad-a-man'thin), 
adj. sternly just and inflexible: from 
Rhadamanthus, one of the three 
judges in classic mythology who de- 
cided the fate of the souls of the de- 
parted in the lower world. 

rhapsodic (rap-sod'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or connected with, rhapsody; 
unconnected; confused. Also rhap- 
sodical. 

rhapsodist ('so-dist), n. one who 
makes or recites verses, especially 
one whose profession was to recite 
the Homeric or other epics. 

rhapsodize ('so-diz), v.i. to write or 
utter rhapsodies. 

rhapsody ('so-di), ft. [pi. rhapso- 
dies (-diz) ], any unconnected or 
rambling composition, composed 
under the influence of excitement; 
part of an epic poem for recitation 
at one time. 

rhea (re'a), ft. the South American 
ostrich. 

Rhenish (ren'ish), adj. pertaimng to 
the river Rhine: ft. a Rhine wine. 

rheometry ('e-tri), ft. the art of 
measuring the intensity and velocity 
of electric and other currents. 

rheostat ('o-stat), ft. an apparatus 
for regulating an electric current. 

rhetoric (ret'o-rik), ft. the art of 
speaking with elegance and force; 
declamation; showy oratory. 

rhetorician (ret-5-rish'an), n. a 



teacher of rhetoric, or one skilled in 
the art; orator. 

rheum (room), ft. the increased ac- 
tion of the vessels of any organ, es- 
pecially the lungs or nostrils, pro- 
ducing an increased discharge of 
secretions. . . 

rheumatic (-at'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or affected by, rheumatism. Also 
rheumatical. 

rheumatism ('a-tizm), ft. a painful 
disease of the muscles and joints ac- 
companied by swelling and stiffness. 

rhino (ri'no) ; ft. money: a prefix 
meaning the nose. Also rhin. 

rhinoceros (-nos'er-os), ft. a large 
pachydermatous animal allied to the 
elephant, with one or two horns on 
the snout. 

rhinoscope ('no-skop), ft. an instru- 
ment furnished with a mirror for 
examining the passages of the 
nose. * 

rhizome ('zom), ft. a thick stem run- 
ning along.or under the ground, pro- 
ducing roots below and shoots above. 
Also rhizoma. 

rhodium (ro'di-um), ft. one of the 
metallic elements, rare and of ex- 
treme hardness. 

rhodo, a prefix meaning a rose. 

Rhododendron (ro-do-den'dron), ft. 
a genus of ornamental evergreen 
shrubs with large handsome rose- 
like flowers. 

rhodopsin (ro-dop'sin), ft. the visual 
purple of the retina. 

rhomb. Same as rhombus. 

rhombic (rom'bik), adj. rhombus- 
shaped. 

rhombohedral (-bo-he'dral), adj. 
pertaining to, or formed like, a 
rhombohedron. 

rhombohedron ('dron), ft., a solid 
figure bounded by 6 rhombic planes. 

rhomboid ('boid), ft. a 4-sided figure 
having its opposite sides equal, and 
its angles not right angles: adj. loz- 
enge-shaped. Also rhomboidal. 

rhombus ('bus), ft. a. 4-sided figure 
whose sides are equal and the oppo- 
site sides parallel, but which has two 



' ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RHUBARB 



622 



RIGADOON 



of its angles obtuse and two acute; 
a genus of flat fishes, containing the 
turbot, &c. 

rhubarb (roo'barb), n. a plant whose 
leaf-stalks used for culinary pur- 
poses, and its roots used in medicine 
as a purgative. 

rhumb (rum), n. a circle making any 
given angle with the meridian; a 
point of the compass. 

rhumb-line ('lm),- n. the track of a 
ship which cuts all the meridians at 
the same angle. 

rhyme (rim), n. the correspondence 
of the sound of the last word or syl- 
lable of one verse or line to the sound 
of the last word or syllable of anoth- 
er; harmonical succession of sounds; 
poetry: v.i. to accord in sound; 
make verses or rhymes: v.t. put into 
rhyme. Rime (more correctly). 

rhythmic (rith'mik), adj. pertaining 
to rhythm; harmonical; periodical. 
Also rhythmical. 

ribald ('aid), adj. low; obscure; 
filthy: n. a vulgar, foul-mouthed, li- 
centious fellow. 

ribbon ('on), n. a fillet or strip of 
_ silk, &c; narrow strip. 

rice-bird ('berd), n. the bobolink. 

rice-paper ('pa-per), n. a kind of 
paper prepared from pith: used in 
China, &c, for painting upon. 

rick (rik), n. a pile or heap, as of 
hay or corn, and usually thatched 
or sheltered: v.t. to pile or heap in 
a rick. 

rickets ('ets), n. a disease affecting 
children, characterized by softness 
and curvature of the bones, due to 
the absence of lime. 

rickety ('et-i), adj. affected with rick- 
ets; feeble in the joints; unsteady. 

ricochet (-o-sha' or -o-shet'), n. the 
rebounding of a shot or shell, &c, 
along the ground or from the surface 
of the water: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. rico- 
chetted, p.pr. ricochetting], to bound 
by touching the earth or the surface 
of water and glancing off, as a can- 
non-ball: v.t. to cause to ricochet. 



riddance ('ans), n. the act of ridding 
or clearing away; deliverance. 

ridden ('n), p.p. of ride. 

riddle ('1), n. an enigma; puzzling 
question; something ambiguous; a 
large sieve: v.t. to solve, as a riddle; 
to sift by a riddle; perforate with, 
or as with, shot: v.i. to speak ambig- 
uously or as in riddles. 

riddlings ('lingz), n.pl. broken ore 
of medium size obtained by sifting. 

rideau (re-do'), n. a small mound to 
cover a camp from the approach of 
the enemy. 

rider (rid'er), n. one who rides on, 
breaks, or manages, a horse; an ad- 
ditional clause to a document; sub- 
sidiary problem. 

ridge (rij), n. anything formed like 
an animal's back, as a continuous 
range of hills, &c; crest of a roof; 
v.t. to form or furnish with a ridge; 
wrinkle. 

ridgy ('i), adj. rising in ridges. 

ridicule (rid'i-kul), n. words or ac- 
tion designed to bring the subject of 
it into contempt; banter; mockery; 
satire: v.t to treat or address with 
ridicule; expose to contemptuous 
merriment; laugh at. 

ridiculous (ri-dik'u-lus), adj. de- 
serving or exciting ridicule; prepos- 
terous; absurd; ludicrous; droll. 

riding (rid'ing), p.adj. employed for 
traveling: n. a road cut through a 
wood or ground for riding upon. 

ridotto (ri-dot'o), n. a public assem- 
bly; a public entertainment of music 
and dancing. 

rifacimento (re-fa-chi-men'to), n. 
the recasting of a literary work to 
adapt it to changed circumstances. 

rife (rif), adj. prevalent, common. 

riff-raff (rif'raf), n. refuse; the rab- 
ble. 

rifle-bird (-berd), ». an Australian 
bird. 

rifle-corps (-kor), n. a body armed 

with rifles. 
rifler ('fler), n. a plunderer. 
rigadoon (-a-doon'), n. an old-fash- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



, 



RIGGER 



623 



RIPEN 



>ned lively dance performed by one 
couple. 

rigger ('er), n. one whose occupation 
is to fit the rigging of a vessel; a 
band-wheel with a '.flat or slightly 
curved rim. 

rigging ('ing), n. the cordage or 
ropes by which the masts of a ves- 
sel are supported, and the sails ex- 
tended or furled. 

right (rit), adj. according to truth, 
justice or law; correct; fit; true; 



rigorous (rig'er-us), adj. character- 
ized by, or exercising, vigor; stem; 
inflexible; scrupulously accurate. 

Rigsdag (rigz'idag), n. the Danish 
parliament. 

rill (ril), n. a small stream or rivu- 
let: v.i. to run in a small stream. 

rime (rim), n. hoar-frost; another 
form of rhyme: v.i. to congeal into 
hoar-frost. 

rimose (ri'mos), adj. full of, or cov- 
ered with, cracks. Also rimous. 



exact; most direct; noting the side rimple (rim 'pi), n. a wrinkle or fold: 



opposed to the left; most conven- 
ient; well performed; rising perpen- 
dicularly: adv. in a right fine; just- 
ly: n. uprightness; truth; justice; 
rectitude; propriety; virtue; legal 
claim; the right side: v.t. to set up- 
right; make right or straight; cor- 
rect; do justice to: v.i. to recover 
the vertical position: inter j. well 
done! 



v.t. to become wrinkled. 

rimy (rim'i), adv. frosty. 

rinderpest (rin'der-pest), n. a ma- 
lignant and contagious disease in 
cattle; cattle plague. 

ringdove ('duv), n. the wood-pigeon. 

ring-off (ring'of), n. the signal for the 
close of a telephonic communication. 

ringleader (le-der), n. the head of a 
riotous body or faction. 



right-angle ('ang-gl), n. an angle of ringlet (let), n. a little ring; curl. 



90°, formed by one straight fine 
standing* perpendicular to another. 

righteous Cyus), adj. just; equita- 
ble; honest; holy; deserved. 

rigid (rij'id), adj. not pliant; stiff; 
inflexible; strict; stern; severely 
just. 

rigidity (ri-jid'i-ti), n. want of plia- 
bility; stiffness; resistance to change 
of form. 

riglet. Same as reglet. 

rigmarole (rig'ma-rol), n. foolish, 
disconnected talk; long story. 

rigol (rig'ol), n. a circle; diadem . 

rigor ('er), n. stiffness or severity; 
exactitude; strictness; severity of 
climate. 

rigorism (rig'er-izm), n. austerity or 
severity in principle or practice; 
obedience to the law; the philosoph- 
ical doctrine that self-control and 
disregard of circumstances consti- 
tute human happiness. 

rigorist (-ist), adj. pertaining to rig- 
orism; one who is very austere or 
severe. 

rigor mortis (ri'gor mor'tis), n. 
stiffness of the body caused by death. 



ring-ousel ('oo-zl), n. a kind of 
thrush. 

ringworm ('werm), n. a contagious 
cutaneous disease, usually on the 
scalp, characterized by distinct cir- 
cular patches. 

rink (ringk), n. a long clear space on 
the ice used for curling; a ground 
for skating upon: v.i. to skate on a 
rink. 

rinse (rins), v.t. to cleanse lightly 
with clean water; cleanse repeatedly; 
give a final cleansing to after wash- 
ing: n. a cleansing with a second 
application of clean water. 

riot (ri'ot), n. uproar; tumult; noisy 
revelry; luxurious excess; disturb- 
ance of the public peace by more 
than three persons: v.i. to raise an 
uproar; go to excess in sensual in- 
dulgence; be highly excited. 

riotous (-us), adj. indulging in riot 
or excess; licentious; noisy; turbu- 
lent; seditious: 

riparian (ri-pa'ri-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to the banks of a river. 

ripen ('en), v.t. to make ripe; bring 
to perfection: v.i. to grow ripe. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RIPPER 



624 



ROBBERY 



ripper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, rips; something or somebody 
super-excellent. 

ripple (rip'l), n. a small curling wave 
on the surface of water; the sound 
made by such waves; large comb for 
cleansing flax: v.t. to cover with 
small curling waves; cleanse with a 
ripple. 

rippling ('ling), n. the breaking of, 
or sound made by, ripples; the act 
of cleansing flax by a ripple. 

riprap ('rap), n. a loose foundation 
of stones in deep water on a soft 
bottom. 

risibility (riz-i-bil'i-ti), n. inclina- 
^ tion to laughter. Also risibleness. 

risible ('i-bl), adj. having the faculty 
or power of laughing; inclined to 
laugh ; causing laughter. 

rising (rlz'ing), n. the act of getting 
up or ascending; insurrection; an 
ascent; closing of a session: adj. in- 
creasing, as of wealth or influence; 
appearing above the horizon; reviv- 
ing from death. 

risk (risk), n. possibility of loss or 
injury; hazard; peril; danger: v.t. 
to hazard; venture'upon. 

risorial (ri-so'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or exciting, laughter. 

risotto (re-sot'o), n. an Italian dish 
of rice with onions, &c, fried in but- 
ter. 

rissole (ris'ol), n. a savory mince in- 
closed in a thin batter paste and 
fried. 

rite (rit), n. a solemn religious act; 
external religious observance. 

ritornello (re-tor-nel'o), n. a short 
introduction or concluding sympho- 
ny; repetition or burden of a song. 
Also ritornelle. 

ritual (rit'ti-al), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or prescribing, rites: 
n. manner of performing divine ser- 
ice; a book of rites, or manner of 
service; body of rites used in the 
Church. 

ritualism (-izm), n. a system of rit- 
ual or prescribed forms of religion; 
excessive observance of forms in di- 



vine worship; Tractarianism; An- 
glo-Catholicism, especially as empha- 
sized by the use of Eucharistic vest- 
ments. 

rival (rl'val), n.; one who strives to 
equal or excel another in the same 
object or pursuit; competitor; an- 
tagonist: adj. having the > same 
claims; emulous: v.t. to strive to 
equal or excel; emulate. 

rive (rlv), v.t. [p.t. rived, p.p. riven, 
p.pr. riving], to be split or torn 
asunder: n. a rent, tear, or split. 

river-horse (bors), n. the hippopota- 
mus. 

rivet ('et)* n. a short metal bolt 
clinched by hammering: v.t. to se- 
cure with, or as with, a rivet; 
clinch; make firm or secure. 

rivose (ri'vos), adj. marked with ir- 
regular grooves or furrows. 

rivulet (riv'u-let), n. a little stream. 

rix-dollar (riks'dol-ar), n. a small 
silver continental coin of varying 
value. 

roach (roch), n. a fresh-water fish; a 
cockroach. 

road-machine (rod' ma-shen'), n. a 
mounted scraper for grading a road- 
bed. 

roadster ('ster), n. a horse suited for 
traveling; a bicycle for road-work; 
a vessel which works by tides. 

roam (rom), v.i. to wander about 
without any definite object; ramble: 
v.t. to wander over. 

roan (ron), adj. of a bay or dark 
color with a shade of red: n. a roan 
color; grained sheepskin leather. 

roan-tree. Same as rowan. 

roaring ('ing), n. tjie act or sound of 
roaring; a disease of horses: adj. 
noisy; brisk. 

roast (rost), v.t. to cook before a 
fire; heat too violently or to excess; 
parch by exposure to heat; burn 
(broken ore to free it from extrane- 
ous matter); to banter or ridicule; 
criticise severely: v.i. to be roasted: 
adj. roasted : n. that which is roasted. 

robbery (-i), n. theft; the felonious 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ROBE 



625 



ROMAN 



and forcible taking away the money 
and goods of another. 

robe (rob), n. a loose outer garment; 
dressed skin of a buffalo: y.i. to put 
on robes: v.t. to invest with a robe; 
dress; array. 

robin (rob'in), n. American thrush. 

roburite ('er-It), n. a nameless ex- 
plosive used extensively in mining 
operations. 

robust (ro-busf), adj. hardy; strong; 
vigorous; muscular. 

roc (rok),n. a fabulous bird of great 
size and strength. 

rochamboite (combination of Roch- 
ester and Perth Amboy), n. Ameri- 
can explosive for shells and hand 
grenades; union of salts of metals 
and non-metallic elements. 

rochet (roch/et), n. a linen vestment 
worn by a bishop resembling a sur- 
plice open at the sides. 

rocket ('et), n. a firework made of a 
case filled with saltpeter, sulphur, 
and charcoal, fastened to a stick, 
and which, on being ignited, is pro- 
jected through the air. 

rocking-valve (rok'ing-valv), n. a 
valve that operates by rocking back 
and forth in a cylinder. 

rock-oil ('oil), n. petroleum. 

rock-ruby ('roo-br), n. a fine bluish- 
red variety of garnet. 

rock-wood ('wood), n. hgniform as- 
bestos. 

rococo (ro-ko\6), adj. noting a florid, 
debased style in the ornamentation 
of buildings, furniture., &c, preva*- 
lent during £he reigns of Louis XIV. 
and XV. of France: hence noting 
bad taste in ornamentation. 

rod (rod), n. a long twig or shoot of 
any woody plant; a wand; instru- 
ment of punishment; cane; a fish- 
ing-rod; scepter; measure of length, 
53^ yards_. 

rodent (ro'dent), adj. gnawing: n. 
any animal of the Rodentia, an or- . 
der of Mammalia, containing the 
rats, mice, squirrels, &c. 

rodeo (ro-da'o), n. a gathering to- 
gether of cattle on a ranch. 



rodomontade (rod-o-mon-tad'), n. 
bluster; brag: from Rodomonte in 
Ariosto's Orlando Furioso: v.i. to 
bluster or brag. 

roe (ro), n. a species of deer, the roe- 
buck; the female of the hart; the 
spawn or sperm of fishes. 

Roentgen rays (rent'gen raz), n. a 
form of radiant energy emanating 
from the surface of an electrically 
excited vacuum tube opposite the 
cathode electrode, having power of 
penetrating objects impervous to 
light or heat rays, affecting sensi- 
tive photographic films, and excit- 
ing fluorescence in certain salts. 
Also called X-rays. 

rogation (rga'shun), n. a litany; 
supplication. 

Rogation Days (daz), n.pl. the Mon- 
day, Tuesday, and Wednesday be- 
fore Ascension Day. 

rogue (rog), n. a dishonest person; 
knave; a shy, mischievous person; 
wag; term o£ endearment. 

roguery ('er-i), n. knavish or dis- 
honest practices; cheating; mis- 
chievous or waggish conduct. 

roil (roil), v.t. to render turbid; vex 
or irritate. 

role (rol), n. a part or character in a 
play, &c; function or part. 

roll (rol), v.i. to turn like a wheel or 
on an axis; move in a circular direc- 
tion; be moved with violence; rock; 
wallow; make a long deep sound. 

roller ('er), n . one w.ho, or that which, 
rolls; a cylinder used for grind- 
ing, smoothing, flattening, &c; 
long heavy wave; long broad band- 
age; a kind of crow. 

rollick (rol'ik), v.i. to move or act 
with a careless, swaggering air. 

rollicking (-ing), adj. jovial; care- 
less; swaggering. 

roly-poly (ro'li-po'li), n. a game in 
which by rolling a ball into a certain 
hole it wins; a kind of jam pudding. 

Romaic (ro-ma'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the vernacular language of mod- 
ern Greece. 

Roman ('man) adj. pertaining to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ROMAN CANDLE 



626 



ROSEWOOD 



Rome, the Romans, or to the Church 
of Rome; noting the ordinary type 
used in printing: opposed to italic; 
written in letters, not in figures, as 
VI. 

Roman candle (-kan'dl), n. a kind 
of firework. 

Roman cement (se-menf), n. a 
strong cement used in building and 
hydraulic engineering. 

Roman Catholic (kath'o-lik), adj. 
pertaining to the Church of Rome, 
of which the Pope is the head: n. a 
member of the Church of Rome. 

romance (-mans'), n. a work of fic- 
tion or adventure ; novel; fable: v.i. 
to invent and tell fictitious stories; 
exaggerate; lie. 

Romance (-mans'), adj. pertaining 
to the dialects of Latin and the lan- 
guages which grew out of classic 
Latin, spoken in the old Roman 
provinces. 

Romanesque (man-esk'), n. that 
style of architecture and ornamen- 
tation in vogue during the period of 
the later Roman Empire: n. the dia- 
lect of Languedoc. 

Romanic (-man'ik), adj. pertaining to 
Rome, or the Romanesque dialects. 

romantic (-man'tik), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, romance; 
extravagant; fanciful; ideal; full of 
wild and fantastic scenery. 

romanticism ('ti-sizm), n. the state 
or quality of being romantic; the 
reactionary movement in opposition 
to cold classical literary forms, be- 
gun in Germany in the 18th century. 

Romany (rom'a-ni), n. a Gipsy; 
Gipsy language. 

romp (romp), n. an unrestrained, 
boisterous girl; rough play or frolic: 
v.i. to *pl a y in a boisterous, unre- 
strained manner. 

ronde (rond), n. a kind of type. 

rondeau (ron'do), n.; pi. rondeaux, 
('doz), a little poem of 13 verses or 
lines; a light air or jig [mus. ]. 
Also rondo. 

rondel ('del), n. a poem of 14 fines; 
small round tower. 



Rontgen rays. See Roentgen rays. 

rood (rood), n. 40 square poles or 
perches; a cross or crucifix. 

rood-loft ('16ft), n. the gallery in a 
church over the entrance to the choir 

. where the rood was fixed. 

roof -tree ('tre), n. a roof -beam; 
roof; home. 

rook (rook), n. a bird of the crow 
family with dark glossy plumage 
and having the base of the bill des- 
titute of feathers; a swindler or 
sharper; the castle in chess: v.t. & 
v.i. to swindle or cheat. 

rookery ('er-i), b. a group of nests 
on trees where rooks resort; colony 
of rooks; place of low resort; low 
slum. 

roorback (roor'bak), n. a lie; ficti- 
tious report made for the purpose 
of influencing an election. 

rooster ('er), n. the domestic cock. 

rootlet ('let), n. a radicle. 

ropy ('i), adj. like a rope; viscous. 

Roquefort (rok'for), n. a French 
mold-streaked cheese made from 
ewe's milk. 

rorqual (ror'kwal), n. a whale with 
dorsal fins. 

rosaceous (ro-za'shus), adi. composed 
of several petals arranged in a cir- 
cular form; consisting of roses. 

rosary ('za-ri), n. [pi. rosaries (-riz) ], 
a garland or chaplet; a string of 
threaded beads by which prayers 
are counted; the prayers repeated as 
thus counted. 

roseate (r5'ze-at), adj. rose-colored; 
rose-like; blooming. 

rose-diamond ^ ('dl-a-mund) , n. a 
diamond cut into 24 triangular fa- 
cets. 

rosemary (roz'ma-ri), n. a sweet- 
smelling evergreen shrub from which 
an aromatic water is distilled. 

rosette (-ef), n. a cluster of ribbons 
arranged like a rose. 

rose-window ('win-do), n. a circu- 
lar window with compartments 
branching from the center. 

rosewood ('wood), n. a Brazilian 
wood used as a veneer. 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ROSILY 



627 



ROUNDHOUSE 



rosily ('i- li), adv. with a rosy glow. 

rosin (roz'in), n. another form of 
resin; specifically, inspissated tur- 
pentine : v.t. to rub with rosin. 

ross (ros), n. the outer rough bark 
of trees; tan bark: v.t. to remove 
the outer bark or rough surface of. 

roster _ ('ter), n. list or muster-roll 
showing how the duties of military 
officers, regiments, &c, are regu- 
lated. 

rostral ('tral), adj. pertaining to, or 
like, a beak. 

rostrate ('trat), adj. furnished with 
a beak or beak-like process. - 

rostrum ('tram), n. [pi. rostrums 
('trumz), or rostra _ ('tra) ], the 
beak of a bird ; in ancient Rome, a 
pulpit or elevated platform in the 
Forum, adorned with the beaks or 
prows of ships taken from the ene- 
my, and from which orators, &c, 
addressed the people : hence a pulpit 
or platform; prow of an ancient 
war vessel. 

rotary (ro'ta-ri), adj. turning on an 
axis; pertaining to rotation. Also 
rotatory. 

rotate ('tat), v.t. to revolve on, or as 
on, an axis; cause to turn: v.i. to 
turn round like a wheel: adj. wheel- 
shaped. 

rotation (-ta/shun), n. the act of 
turning round on an axis, like a 
wheel; regular succession. 

rotative ('ta-tiv), adj. revolving. 

rotator ('ter), n. that which imparts 
a circular motion; a muscle having 
such power. 

rotatory (ro'ta-to-ri). Same as rotary. 

rote (rot), n. mechanical repetition, 
or learning without understanding. 

rotifer (ro-ti-fer), n. an individual of 
the Rotifera, the wheel-animalcules. 

rotor (ro'ter), n. the part of a dyna- 
mo which rotates. 

rotten (rot'n), adj. putrefied; decom- 
posed; unsound; untrustworthy. 

rottenstone (-ston), n. a soft stone 
used as a polishing powder. 

rotund (ro-tund'), adj. spherical. 



rotunda (-tun'da), n. a circular 
domed building. Also rotundo. 

rotundity ('di-ti), n. roundness. 

rouble (roo'bl), adj. a Russian silver 
coin of varying value, used as a 
monetary unit (about 77 cents). 

roue (-a/), n. a fashionable sensual- 
ist; confirmed rake; debauchee. 

rouge (roozh), n. a cosmetic of red 
color used for imparting a tint to 
the cheeks and lips; a kind of lake 
color: v.i. to color or paint with 
rouge. 

rouge-et-noir (-a-nwar'), n. sl gam- 
bling game played with cards and 
a table marked with two black and 
two red diamond-shaped spots. 

rough (ruf), adj. having inequalities 
on the suface; rugged; not smooth 
or plane; uneven; uncut; unpol- 
ished; harsh to the ear; uncivil 
austere; cruel; unfeeling; violent 
boisterous; hard-featured; shaggy 
vague: adv. roughly: v.t. to shape 
out roughly; furnish (a horse) with 
roughened shoes; break in (a horse). 

roulade (roo-lad'), w. a flourish or 
rapid movement [music]. 

rouleau (-lo'), n. a little roll, espe- 
cially of coins made up in paper. 

roulette (-let'), n. a game of chance 
played with a revolving disc and 
ball; a wheeled instrument for mak- 
ing dotted lines. 

r ounce (rouns), n. the handle of a 
printing press. 

roundabout ('a-bout), adj. indirect; 
encompassing: n. a merry-go-round; 
a short coat or jacket. 

roundel (roun'del), n. a circle; roun- 
delay; a small circular Norman 
shield; semi-circular bastion. 

roundelay ('de-la), n. an ancient 
song or dance in which the passages 
are repeated. 

roundhand (round'hand), n. pen- 
manship in well-rounded letters. 

Roundhead ('hed), n. a contemptu- 
ous epithet applied to the Puritans 
by the Cavaliers, from the close-cut 
hair of the former. 

roundhouse ('hous), n. formerly a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then;. 



ROUNDLY 



628 



RUBICON 



watch-house; the cabin on the after 
part of a ship's deck; a building 
having stalls for the housing of loco- 
motives. 

roundly ('li), adv. in a round form; 
strai ghtf orwardly . 

round number (num'ber), n. a num- 
ber divisible by 10. 

round-robin ('rob-in), n. a petition 
having the signatures written in a 
circle so as not to show who signed 
it first. 

roundsman ('z-man), n. a police in- 
spector who visits the officers on 
their beats. 

round-tower ('tow-er), n. an ancient 
circular tapering tower, as in Ire- 
land, with a conical top, usually 
near a church or monastery. 

rouse (rouz), v.t. to awaken; stir to 
thought or action; drive (game) 
from a covert. 

roust (roust), v.t. to disturb. 

roustabout ('a-bout), n. an idler or 
loafer; a laborer on a steam Vessel. 

rout (rout), n. total defeat and flight 
of an army; resulting disorder from 
such defeat; tumnltous crowd; up- 
roar; a large evening party; the at- 
tempt of three or more persons to 
avenge some common wrong by an 
illegal act: v.t. to defeat and put to 
disorderly flight. 

route (root), n. way or road trav- 
eled; course; journey; march. 

routine (roo-ten'), n. course of busi- 
ness or official duties regularly pur- 
sued; regular habit or practice. 

roux (roo), n. a thickening for soups, 
&c, of melted butter and flour. 

rove (rov), v.i. to wander or ramble: 
v.t. draw through an eye. 

row (ro), n. line; file, or rank; ex- 
cursion in a row-boat; noisy dis- 
turbance (rou): v.i. to labor with 
an oar; be impelled by oars: v.t. to 
impel by means of oars: as to row 
a boat 

rowan (rou an), n. the mountain-ash. 
Also roan. 

rowdy (ro udi), n. a rough, riotous 
fellow; adj. rough and riotous. 



rowel ('el), n. the small sharp-point- 
ed wheel of a 
horse's bit. 



spur; flat ring on a 



rowen ('en), n. aftermath. 

rowlock (ro'lok), n. the crutch or 
hollow in the gunwale of a boat in 
which the oar rests in rowing. 

royal (roi'al), adj. pertaining to a 
king or to the crown; befitting or 
like a king; majestic; kingly; no- 
ble; magnificent; specially patron- 
ized or founded by a king, or in 
his service: n. a size of paper, 25 
x 20 in. ; one of the shoots of a stags' 
head; the highest sail of a ship; 
a gold coin formerly current in 
England: pi. the first regiment .of 
foot in the British army (with the) 

royalist (-ist), n. an adherent of a 
king or government by a king. 

royally (-li), adv. in a royal man- 
ner. 

royalty ('al-ti), n. [pi. loyalties 
(-tiz) 1, the character, or status, of 
a king; person of a king or sover- 
eign; a certain sum paid to the 
crown or other proprietor on. the 
produce of a mine, &c; a percent- 
age for the use of a patent or copy- 
right; royal manor. 

Royston-crow (rois'ton-kro), n. the 
hooded crow. 

rubber ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, rubs; india-rubber; coarse 
file or whetstone; in card-playing, 
two games out of three, or the win- 
ning game: v.i. to pry. 

rubbish ('ish), n. mixed or waste 
fragments; ruins of buildings; any 
mingled mass; anything of no 
value; nonsense. 

rubble ('1), n. rough undressed stone; 
builders' rubbish. 

rubescent (roo-bes'ent), adj. becom- 
ing red. 

rubican ('bi-kan), adj. noting a bay, 
or grey-black color, with white or 
light-grey on the flanks: said of a 
horse. 

rubicon (roo'bi-kon), n. a small 
stream which served as the bound- 
ary between Italy and Gaul; when 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




RUBICUND 



629 



RULING 



Caesar crossed it with his army and 
stood on Roman soil, civil war with 
Pompey became inevitable; hence, 
any step that once taken cannot be 
recalled. 

rubicund Cbi-kund), adj. inclined to 
red. 

rubidium (-bid'i-um), n. a metallic 
element. 

rubied ('bid), adj. ruby-colored. 

rubigo ('bi-go), n. rust or mildew on 
plants. 

rubric ('brik), n. the directions for 
liturgical use in prayer-books, for- 
merly printed in red; title or direc- 
tion printed in red: v.t. to rubri- 
cate: adj. pertaining to, or marked 
in, rubrics : red. 

rubricate ('bri-kat), v.t. to mark, or 
distinguish, with red. _ 

ruby ('bi), n. [pi. rubies (-biz) ], a 
precious stone, varying in color from 
carmine-red to crimson; a size of 
type used in England, smaller than 
nonpareil and larger than pearl. 

rouche (roosh) n. frilled or plaited 
lace, silk, &c, for edging dresses, 
&c. Also ruching: v.t. to make, or 
ornament with, a ruche. 

ruck (ruk), v.t. to wrinkle or crease: 
n. a wrinkle or crease; a heap; a 
fag-end; the crowd of horses that 
come in at the end of a race. 

ruction ('shun), n. a row; disturb- 
ance. 

rudd (rud), n. a red-eyed fresh-water 
fish. 

rudder, ('er), n. the frame of wood or 
metal by which a vessel is steered; 
anything that directs or governs. 

ruddiness ('i-nes), n. redness of 
complexion denoting perfect health; 
redness. 

ruddle ('1), n. red ochre. 

ruddock ('ok), n. the robin red-breast. 

ruddy ('i), adj. approaching to red- 
ness; florid; fresh-colored; flesh- 
colored: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ruddied, 
p.pr. ruddying], to make ruddy. 

rude (rood), adj. [comp. ruder, superl. 
rudest], rough; barbarous; unculti- 
vated; harsh; ignorant; unpolite; 



tempestuous; robust; strong; rug- 
ged; crude. 

rudiment ('i-ment), n. first princi- 
ple; anything in its first or unde- 
veloped state: v.t. to instruct in first 
principles. 

rudimentary (-men'ta-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, or containing, first prin- 
ciples; in an undeveloped state. 
Also rudimental. 

rue (r5o), v.t. to lament or be sorry 
for; repent of: n. an herb of bitter 
taste and strong odor, used as a 
medicine. 

rueful ('fool), adj. mournful; sad. 

ruff (ruf), n. a large frilled collar; 
anything plaited; a small fresh- 
water fish (also ruffe); a kind of 
snipe {Fern, reeve); a kind of pigeon:: 
v.t. to disorder or ruffle; trump at 
whist instead of following suit. 

ruffian ('i-an), n. a brutal, boisterous; 
fellow; any base, low character, as a, 
robber, &c. 

ruffle ('1), v.t. to wrinkle, pucker, or 
disarrange; furnish or adorn with 
ruffles; annoy or vex: v.i. to grow 
rough or turbulent; flutter; be in 
disorder: n. a plaited article of 
dress; agitation; discomposure; low 
roll of a drum. 

rufous (roo-fus), adj. yellowish-red. 

rugae ('je), n.pl. wrinkles. 

rugate (roo'gat), adj. wrinkled; ridged. 
Also rugose, rugous. 

rugged (rug'ed), adj. having an un- 
even surface; rough; shaggy; bru- 
tal; uncouth; crabbed. 

ruined ('ind), adj. demolished; de- 
stroyed; decayed. 

ruinous ('us), adj. fallen into ruin; 
decayed; consisting of ruins; de- 
structive; hurtful. 

rule-of-reason (ro5l-ov-re'zn), n. a 
decision by Chief Justice White that 
a court in determining an issue 
should apply a reasonable, rather 
than a literal, construction* of laws 
bearing upon it. 

ruler ('er), n. one who rules or gov- 
erns; an instrument for ruling fines. 

ruling ('ing), p.adj. governing or 



Rte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon,, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



RUM 



630 



RUSTICATE 



having control; marking with lines; 
predominant: n. a rule laid down 
by a judge or court. 

rum (rum), n. spirit distilled from 
the fermented juice of the sugar- 
cane: adj. strange; odd. 

rumble ('bl), v.i. to make a low, 
heavy, continued sound: n. a rum- 
bling sound; seat for servants be- 
hind a carriage. 

rumen (rod 'men), n. the first stom- 
ach of a ruminant animal. 

ruminant ('mi-nant), adj. chewing 
the cud: n. an animal that chews 
the cud. 

ruminate ('mi-nat), v.i. to chew the 
cud; meditate or muse; ponder: v.t. 
to chew again. 

rumination (-na'shun), n. the act of 
chewing the cud; meditation. 

ruminator ('mi-na-ter), n. one who 
muses or meditates on any subject. 

rummage (rum'aj), v.t. to search 
carefully for; ransack: v.i. to make 
a careful search: n. careful search- 
ing. 

rummage sale (sal), n. a sale of 
unclaimed goods at the docks or at 
a warehouse, &c; sale of miscel- 
laneous articles for a charitable ob- 
ject. 

rumor (roo'mer), n. popular report; 
current story: v.t. to circulate by 
report. 

rump (rump), n. the end of the back- 
bone of an animal, with its adja- 
cent parts; buttocks; fag-end. 

rumple (rum 'pi), n. a fold or plait: 
v.t. to fold or plait; make uneven. 

rumpus ('pus), n. great disturbance. 

runagate ('a-gat), n. a fugitive; 
renegade. 

runcinate ('si-nat), adj. having the 
lobes (of a leaf) convex before and 
straight behind. 

rundle ('dl), n. the step of a ladder. 

runes (roonz), n.pl. runic letters or 
poetry. 

rung (rung), p.t. of ring: n. step of a 
ladder; a floor-timber in a ship; spar. 

runic m (roo'nik), adj. pertaining to, or 
consisting of, runes: n. the alphabet 



of the earliest Teutonic nations, the 
letters of which consisted principally 
of straight lines. 

runlet (run 'let), n. a rivulet; a small 
barrel containing about 18 gals. 

runnel ('el), n. a little brook. 

runner ('er), n. one who runs; racer; 
messenger; keel to support a sleigh; 
roller; slender, prostrate, shooting 
sprig; revolving millstone; rope to 
increase the mechanical power of a 
tackle. 

runt (runt), n. a dwarf animal; stump. 

rupee (roo-pe'), n. an East Indian 
coin, worth about 48 cents. 

rupture (rup'tiir), n. the act of burst- 
ing or breaking; state of being broken 
or violently burst asunder; breach 
or interruption of friendly relations; 
hernia: v.t. to burst or teak vio- 
lently asunder; to affect with hernia: 
v.i. to suffer a breach or disruption. 

rural (roo'ral), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, the country or ag- 
riculture; rustic. 

rural dean (den), n. an ecclesiastic 
having the supervision of the church- 
es in a rural deanery or district. 

ruralist ('ral-ist), n. one who leads a 
rural life. 

ruralize ('ral-iz), v.t.. to render ru- 
ral: v.i. to become rural. 

rurally (-li), adv. as in the country. 

ruse (rooz), n. a trick; stratagem. 

rush-line (rush'lln), n. the charging 
or first line of players in football. 

rusk (rusk), n. a land of light biscuit. 

Russ. Same as Russian. 

russet (rus'et), adj. reddish-brown; 
homespun; coarse: n. russet color; 
homespun cloth; a variety of apple. 

Russia leather (rush'a lei/i'er), n. a 
strong soft leather prepared from 
the hides of sheep and cattle steeped 
in birch-oil. 

rustic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, the country; ru- 
ral; artless; unpolished; unadorned: 
n. a countryman; peasant. 

rusticate ('i-kat), v.i. to Reside in 
the country: v.t. to banish for a 
time from college. 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



_ 




USTICATION 



631 



RYE 



istication (-ka'shun), n. residence 
in the country; temporary banish- 
ment from a college. 

rusticity (-tis'i-ti), n. rural manners 
or simplicity; rudeness. 

rustily (rust'i-li), adv. in a rusty 
condition. 

rustle (rus'l), v.i. to make a soft 
whispering sound, as the rubbing 
together of silk or dry leaves; to 
bestir one's self: n. a rustling. 

rustler (ler), n. one who rustles; an 
enterprising, successful man. 

rustling ('ling), n. the soft whisper- 
ing sound made by rubbing silk 
or dry leaves together; rustle. 

rusty (rust'i), adj. covered with rust; 
impaired by inactivity; rust-colored. 

rut (rut), n, the copulation and sex- 
ual desire of deer and certain other 



animals; the track of a wheel; 
groove or hollow: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
rutted, p.pr. rutting], to be moved 
with .sexual desire, as deer, &c. : v.t. 
to cut into ruts. 

rutabaga (roo-ta-ba'ga), n. a variety 
of turnip larger than the common 
turnip and of a yellowish color. 

ruth (rooth), n. pity; compassion; 
tenderness; sorrow. 

ruthenium (roo-the'm-um), n. a me- 
tallic element extracted* from plati- 
num ore. 

ruthless (les), adj. cruel; pitiless. 

rutilant ('til-ant), adj. shining. 

ruttish (rut'ish), adj. lustful; wanton. 

rye (ri), n. a hardy cereal. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



s 



S, the 19th letter of the English al- 
phabet; a chemical symbol for sul- 
phur. 

sabaoth (sa-ba/oth), n.pl. armies; 
hosts. 

Sabbatarian (sab-a-ta'ri-an), adj. 
pertaining to the Sabbath or to 
Sabbatarianism: n. a rigid observer 
of the Sabbath; one who keeps the 
Sabbath on the seventh day. 

Sabbath ('Hth), n. the seventh day 
of the week, observed by the Jews 
as a day of rest, Commencing from 
sunset on Friday and ending at 
sunset on Saturday; the Christian 
Sunday; Sabbatical year. 

Sabbatical year (yer), n. among 
the ancient Jews, every seventh 
year, in which the lands and vine- 
yards of the Israelites were allowed 
to remain fallow. 

saber, sabre (sa/ber), n. a cavalry 
sword: v.t. to cut, wound, or kill 
with, or as with, a saber. 

Sabian (sa/bi-an), adj. pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, Sabianism. 

Sabianism (-izm), n. the worship 
of the heavenly hosts, as symbolical 
of the Deity. 

Sabine ('bin), adj. pertaining to an 
Italian race, subsequently merged 
into the Roman. 

sable (sa/bl), n. a kind of weasel 
valued for its handsome, dark, glossy 
fur; in heraldry, black: pi. mourn- 
ing dress: adj. dark-colored; black. 

sabot (sa-bo'), n. a wooden shoe worn 
by the peasantry of France, &c. 

sabotage (sa-bo'taj)_, n. a system 
adopted by certain industrial work- 
ers to force demands without strik- 
ing by reducing efficiency. 



sac (sak), n. a membranous pouch; 
cyst. 

sabulite (sab'u-lit), n. a new explos- 
ive invented in Belgium, said to be a 
mechanical mixture of ammonium 
nitrate, trinitrotoluol, and the new 
electric furnace product known as 
calcium silicide; claimed to be from 
30 to 50 per cent more powerful than 
dynamite, and so safe that only a 
detonating cap explodes < it. Its 
fumes are harmless and it can be 
hammered or bored with red hot iron, 
or shot into with rifle, balls without 
exploding. It does not freeze or 
deteriorate if dry. 

saccade (sak-ad'), n. a sudden check 
with the bridle; strong pressure of 
the bow of a violin against the 
strings. 

saccharine ('a-rin), adj. pertaining to, 
or having the qualities of, sugar : n. 
the uncrystallized sugar of maltwort. 

saccharize ('a-riz), v.t. to convert 
into sugar. Also saccharify. 

saccholactic (-o-lak'tik), adj. ob- 
tained from the sugar of milk; mu- 
cic acid. 

saccule ('til), n. a little sac or cyst. . 

sacerdotal (sas-er-do'tal), adj. per- 
taining to priests or to the priest- 
hood ; priestly. 

sachem (sa'chem), n. a North Amer- 
ican Indian chief. 

sachet (s^-sha'), n. sl small bag or 
cushion filled with a perfume. 

sackbut ('but), n. an ancient musi- 
cal instrument of the lyre kind; a 
kind of trombone. 

sackcloth ('kloth), n. coarse mate- 
rial of which sacks are made; coarse 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(632) 



SACKFUL 



the quantity a 
material 



rough cloth worn as a token of 
mourning. 

sackful ('fool), n. 
sack will hold. 

sacking ('ing), n. coarse 
used for making sacks. 

sacrament ('ra-ment)," n. a sign or 
pledge of grace; an outward and 
visible sign of an inward and spir- 
itual grace, instituted by Jesus 
Christ; holy baptism, the Eucharist, 
Lord's Supper. 

sacramental (-ment'al), adj. per- 
taining to, or constituting, a sacra- 
ment; solemnly pledged. 

sacred (sa/kred), adj. pertaining .to 
religion or to religious uses; con- 
secrated; inviolable. 

sacrifice ('ri-fis), n. the act of sac- 
rificing or offering to a deity, es- 
pecially a victim on an altar; that 
which is so offered; destruction or 
giving up one thing for another; 
goods sold at a loss: v.t. to offer to 
God or a deity in worship; destroy 
or surrender to gain some other 
object ; x devote, with loss; kill; sell 
at a loss: v.i. to offer sacrifice. 

sacrificial (-ri-fish'al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, consisting in, or offering, 
sacrifice. Also sacrificatory. 

sacrilege ('ri-lej), n\ the crime of 
appropriating to one's self or to sec- 
ular use what is consecrated to God 
or religion; breaking into a church 

id committing felony. 
:rilegious (-le'jus), adj. violating 
sacred things; guilty of sacrilege; 
profane. 

icrilegist ('ri-le-jist), n. one guilty 
of sacrilege. 

icring-bell (sa/kring-bel), n. the 
sanctus-bell, rung when the Host is 
elevated at high mass. 

sacrist (sa'krist), n. cathedral offi- 
cial who copies the music for the 
choir; minor canon; sacristan. 

sacristan (sak'ris-tan), n. one who 
has the care of church vessels and 
movables. 

sacristy ('is-ti), n. an apartment in 



633 



SAG 



a church where the sacred vessels, 
vestments, &c, are kept; vestry. 

sacrosanct ('ro-sangkt), adj. pre- 
eminently sacred or inviolable. 

sacrum (sa/krum), n. a triangular- 
shaped bone at the base of the ver- 
tebral column. 

sadden ('n), v.t. to make sad or sorrow- 
ful; tone down: v.i. to become sad. 

saddle ('1), n. sl seat, usually of 
leather, for riding on horseback; 
anything resembling a saddle; block 
of wood nailed to the lower yard 
arm: v.t. to place a saddle upon, 
burden or embarrass. 

saddle-bow (-bo), n. the pieces which 
form the pommel or arched part of a 
saddle. 

saddlery (ler-i), n. the business of 
a saddler; articles made by a sad- 
dler. 

Sadducean (-ii-se'an), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, theSadducees. 

Sadducee ('u-se), n.,one of the an- 
cient Jewish sect or school that ad- 
hered to the written law and denied 
the resurrection of the dead. 

safari (sa-far'e), n. Arabic term for an 
expedition of whatever character. 

safe-conduct (-kon'dukt), n. Sb 
guard or passport which ensures a 
safe passage. 

safeguard ('gard), n. one who, or 
that which, guards or protects; de- 
fense; protective warrant granted 
to a foreigner: v.t. to protect or 
guard safely. 

safety ('ti), n. freedom from danger, 
injury, or damage; safe keeping; a 
bicycle with medium-sized wheels of 
equal height. 

safety-lamp (-lamp), n. a wire- 
gauze covered lamp used in mines. 

safety-valve (-valv), n. an automatic 
valve in a boiler which opens when 
the steam exceeds a certain pressure. 

saffron (saf'run), n. a bulbous plant 
of the genus Crocus, the dried stig- 
mas of which yield a deep yellow dye; 
deep yellow: adj. saffron-colored. 

sag (sag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. S£ 
p.pr. sagging], to sink down or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SAGACIOUS 



634 



SALIVA 



yield; incline from an upright or 
horizontal position; incline to lee- 
ward: v.t. to cause to give way or 
incline. 

sagacious (sa-ga/shus), adj. mentally 
quick and discerning; judicious; 
wise; acute. 

sagacity (-gas'i-ti), n. a readiness 
of apprehension; discriminative in- 
telligence; acute practical judgment. 

sagamore (sag'a-mor), n. a North 
American Indian chief. 

sagas (sa'gaz), n.pl. a class of prose 
epics embodying the myths and he- 
roic tales of the ancient Scandi- 
navians. 

sage (saj), adj. wise; discerning; 
well-judged; discriminating; charac- 
terized by wisdom; grave: n. a man 
of experienced wisdom and of ven- 
erable age; an aromatic herb. 

sago (sa/go), n. a kind of granulated 
food-starch from the pith of certain 
palms. 

sagoin. Same as saguin. 

saguaro (saVgwar'o), n. the giant 
cactus of Mexico. 

saguin (sag'win), n. a South Ameri- 
can monkey. Also sagoin, sagouin. 

sagum (sa/gum), n. an ancient Roman 
military cloak. 

sahib (sa/ib), n. a term of address 
used in India and Persia to a Euro- 
pean gentleman. 

saiga (si'ga), n. the antelope of the 
Russian steppes. 

sailer ('er), n. a vessel that sails, 
with special reference to its speed, 
or manner of sailing. 

sailing ('ing), n. the art of naviga- 
tion; the act of moving through 
water, or of setting sail. 

sailor ('er), n. a mariner; seaman. 

saint (sant), n. a holy or sanctified 
person; one eminent for piety and 
virtue, especially one canonized by 
the Church of Rome; one blessed in 
heaven: pi. a name applied to them- 
selves by the Mormons: v.t. to can- 
onize: v.i. to act as a saint. 

saiya (si'va), n. a devotee of the deity 
Siva. 



saki (sak'i), n. Japanese rice-beer; a 
South American, monkey, with a 
non-prehensile hairy tail. 

sal, a prefix meaning salt, as sal- 
volatile, aromatic spirit of ammonia. 

salaam (sa-lam'), n. an Oriental 
form of salutation or respect, mean- 
ing "peace." 

salable (sal'a-bl), adj. marketable. 

salacious (sa-la'shus), adj. lustful; 
impure. 

salacity (,-las'i-ti), n. lustfulness. Also 
salaciousness. 

salad (sal'ad), n. raw herbs cut up 
and dressed with vinegar, oil, &c. 

salad-days (daz), n.pl. years of 
youthful inexperience. 

salamander ('a-man-der), n. an am- 
phibious animal resembling a newt, 
and fabled by the ancients to live in 
fire. 

salamandrine ('drin), adj. resem- 
bling a salamander; fire-resisting or 
-enduring. 

salaried (sal'a-rid), p. adj. having a 
salary. . 

salary C&-ri), n. recompense, usually 
periodically, for services rendered; 
stipend. 

Salic law (sal'ik law), n. the law of 
the Salian Franks excluding females 
from the succession to the French 
throne. 

salience (sa/li-ens), n. the state of 
being salient. 

salient ('li-ent), adj. leaping; prom- 
inent; noting any angle less than 
two right angles; in heraldry, in a 
leaping position: n. advanced posi- 
tion in a battle line. 

saliferous (sa-lif er-us), adj. yield- 
ing salt. 

salina (sit-li'na), n. a salt-marsh; 
salt-works. 

salination (sal-i-na'shun), n. the act 
of steeping or washing in salt liquor. 

saline m (sa'lin), adj. consisting of, 
containing, or like, salt: n. a salt- 
spring. 

saliva (sa-li'va), n. the watery fluid 
or spittle secreted in the mouth. 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not,* boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SALIVAL 



635 



SALVARSAN 



salival (Val), adj. pertaining to or 
secreting saliva. Also salivary. 

sal i van t (sal'i-van't), adj. exciting 
salivation. 

salivate (sal'i-vat), v.t. to produce an 
abnormal secretion in the mouth of. 

salivation (-va/shun), n. producing an 
abnormal secretion of saliva. 

sallet (sal'et), n. a light helmet. 

sallow ('o), adj. of a pale, sickly, 
yellow color; a small tree of the 
willow kind. 

sally ('i), n. [pi. sallies ('iz)], a sud- 
den rushing forth of troops to attack 
the besiegers; sudden outburst of 
wit or fancy; excursion; wild gaiety: 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sallied, p.pr. sally- 
ing], to rush out as troops from 
a besieged town; issue or rush forth 
suddenly. 

sallyport (-port), n. a postern or pass- 
age for troops to sally out. 

salmagundi (-ma-gun'di), n. a com- 
pound of chopped meats with other 
ingredients, seasoned, &c. ; medley. 

salmi ('mi), n. a ragout of roasted 
game and other ingredients stewed 
in wine. Salmis. 

salmon (sam'un), n. a marine fish 
of the genus Salmo, which ascends 
fresh-water rivers to spawn. 

salmon-peel (-pel), n. a young sal- 
mon. 

salmon-trout (-trout), n. a sea- 
trout, resembling the salmon, but of 
smaller size. 

salon (sa-long'), n. a saloon; fine art 
gallery: pi. fashionable circles or 
assemblages [French]. 

saloon (sa-lo5n'), n. a hall or state 
apartment; large reception room; 
fine art exhibition; bar-room or 
grogshop. 

salpicon (sal'pi-kon), n. chopped 
meat, bread, and vegetables, re- 
cooked in sauce. 

salpinx (sal'pingks), n. the eusta- 
chian tube. 

salprunella (-proo-nel'a), n. nitrate 
of potash fused and cast into balls. 

salsify (sal'si-fi), n. a plant of the 
aster family, which from the flavor 



of its edible root is called oyster' 
plant and vegetable oyster. 

sal tan t (sal'tant), adj. leaping; danc- 
ing; in heraldry, same as salient. 

saltarello (sal-ta-rel'o), n. a viva- 
cious Spanish and Italian dance; 
music for such a dance. 

saltation (-ta/shun), n. a leaping or 
dancing. 

saltatory ('ta-to-ri), adj. dancing. 

saltern (sawl'tern), n. a salt manu- 
factory. 

saltier, saltire (sal'ter), n. a St. 
Andrew's cross. 

salubrious (sa-loo'bri-us) , adj. 
healthy. 

salubrity ('bri-ti), n. healthfulness. 
Also salubriousness. 

salutarily (sal'u-ta-ri-li), adj. in a 
salutary manner. 

salutariness ('ti-ta-ri-nes) , n. the 
state or quality of being salutary. 

salutary ('u-ta-ri), adj. healthful; 
wholesome ; beneficent . 

salutation (-ti-ta'shun) , n. act or 
manner of saluting; greeting, or act 
of paying respect. 

salutatory (sa-lu'ta-to-ri), adj. salut- 
ing; greeting: n. the opening ora- 
tion at the commencement in Ameri- 
can schools and colleges; any ad- 
dress of welcome. 

salute (-lut), n. a mark of military 
respect shown by raising the hand 
to the helmet, &c; a kiss; greeting; 
salvo of artillery, lowering of a flag, 
&c, as a mark of honor: v.t. to ad- 
dress with kind wishes; welcome; 
greet with a kiss or bow; honor by 
a salvo of artillery, lowering a flag, 
&c.: v.i. to make a salute. 

salvability ^ (sal-va-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being salvable. 

salvable ('va-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing saved. 

salvage (-vaj), n. compensation given 
to those who assist at saving a ves- 
sel or cargo at sea; the goods or 
vessel saved. 

salvarsan (sal'var-san), n. an arsensic 
compound invented by Ehrlich and 
used as a specific in the treatment of 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SALVATION 



636 



SAND-BINDER 



syphilis; the drug is popularly 
known as "606." 

salvation (-va'shun), ft. the act of 
saving; preservation from destruc- 
tion; rescue; spiritual deliverance 
from sin and death. 

Salvation Army (ar'mi), ft. a re- 
ligious organization formed on a 
quasi-military model. 

Salvationist (-ist), ft. a member of 
the Salvation Army. 

salve (sav), n. a healing ointment; a 
remedy or soothing application. 

salver (sal'ver), n. a tray on which 
anything is presented. 

salvo ('vo), ft. a discharge of a num- 
ber of pieces of artillery, intended 
as a salute; general; simultaneous 
cheering; an exception or reservation. 

sal-volatile. See under sal. 

salvor ('ver), ft. one who effects the 
salvage of goods, &c. 

Samaritan (sa-mar-i-tan), adj. per- 
taining to, or characteristic of, Sa- 
maria, or the Samaritans; noting 
certain characters used by the He- 
brews prior to the captivity; ft. a 
native of Samaria; a kind, charita- 
ble person (Luke x. 30-37). 

sambo (sam'bo), ft. the offspring of 
a black and a mulatto; negro. 

samovar (sam'o-var), w. a Russian 
tea-urn. 

samp (samp), ft. hulled Indian corn. 

sampan (sam'pan), n. a Chinese fish- 
ing boat, frequently used as a resi- 
dence. 

samphire ('fer), ft. a marine plant 
growing usually on cliffs, and used 
as a pickle. 

sample ('pi), ft.' a specimen; model; 
pattern; part shown as indicative 
of the quality of the whole: v.t. to 
show something similar; take a sam- 
ple of. 

sampler ('pier), n. a pattern; a 
piece of ornamental needlework for 
practice, &c. 

sample-room (room), ft. a dram- 
shop ; room for displaying goods. 

sanability (san-a-bil'i-ti), ft. the 



state or quality of being sane. Also 1 
sanableness. 

sanable ('a-bl), 'adj. curable. 

sanatorium (-to'ri-um), ft. a health 
retreat; an institution for the care, 
of invalids or the treatment of par- 
ticular diseases. 

sanatory ('a-t5-ri), adj. conducive to 
health. 

sanctification (sangk-ti-fi-ka/shun), 
ft. the act of sanctifying; state or 
being sanctified ; consecration. 

sanctifier ('ti-fi-er), ft. one who 
sanctifies. 

sanctimonious (-ti-mo'ni-us), adj. 
having the appearance of, or affecting, 
sanctity; hypocritical. 

sanction ('shun), ft. the act of rati- 
fying, or giving authority to; au- 
thority; custom : v X. to give sanction 
to; countenance. 

sanctitude ('ti-tiid), ft. holiness. 

sanctity ('ti-ti), ft. purity; inviola- 
bility; sacredness; solemnity; a 
saint. 

sanctuary ('tiM-ri), ft. [pi. sanctu- 
aries (-riz) ], the most retired and 
sacred part of a temple; consecrated 
place; temple; part of a church 
around the altar; inviolable asy- 
lum; shelter; refuge. 

sanctum ('turn), ft. a sacred or pri- 
vate place. 

sanctum sanctorum (-to'rum), n. a 
most holy place; in the Jewish Tem- 
ple, the Holy of Holies; a place of 
the utmost privacy. 

sanctus bell ('tus bel), ft. a bell 
rung at the more solemn parts of the 
mass. 

sandal (san'dal), ft. a kind of shoe 
fastened by straps to the foot; a 
loose slipper; the official shoe of a 
Roman Catholic prelate or abbot. 

sandaled ('dald), adj. wearing san- 
dals. 

sandalwood (-wood), ft. a white- 
colored, odoriferous wood, used in 
cabinet-making. 

sand -binder (sand'bin'der), n. a 
plant, usually a grass, growing in 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SAND-BLAST 



637 



SAPONACEOUS 



such a way that its fruits will tend 
to bind or fix shifting sands. 

sand-blast (sand'blast), v.t. to act 
upon with a current of air or steam 
carrying sand at high velocity, as in 
etching glass and in cleaning the 
surfaces of metals, stone buildings, 
&c: n. the stream of sand thus 
operating, or the instrument pro- 
ducing it. 

sand-breast (sand'brest), n. a dam 
or shield in an air-smelting furnace 
made of sand and fire clay on an 
iron foundation. 

sand-cone (sand'kon), n. a conical 
projection of glacial ice partly pro- 
tected from the sun by a covering 
of sand. 

sanderling ('der-ling), n. a small 
wading-bird. 

sanders ('derz), n. red sandalwood. 

sandiver ('di-ver), n. a saline scum 
which forms on glass when fused; 
glass-gall. 

sandpiper (sand'pi-per), n. a name 
for various birds of the snipe and 
woodcock family. 

sandspit (sand'spit), n. a sandy point 
formed by waves and currents and 
projecting into a body of water. 

sandwich ('wich), n. two thin slices of 
bread with ham, &c, between; any- 
thing like a sandwich: v.t. to place 
between two other persons or things. 

; sandy ('i), adj. composed of, abound- 
ing in, of the color of, or covered 
with sand; shifting; unstable. 

'sane (san), adj. mentally sound or 
r healthy. 

! sangaree (sang-ga-re'), n. a beverage 
of wine or brandy and water spiced 
j; with nutmeg. 

sangfroid (sang-frwa/), n. cool in- 
difference or composure [French]. 

sanguiferous (-gwif'er-us), adj. con- 
veying blood. 

sanguify ('gwi-fi), v.i. [p.t. ^ & p.p. 
sanguined, p.pr. sanguifying], to 
form or produce blood: v.t. to con- 
vert into blood. 

sanguinary ('gwi-na-ri), adj. at- 



tended with much bloodshed; blood- 
thirsty; murderous; cruel. 

sanguine ('gwin), adj. warm and 
ardent in temper; hopeful; confi- 
dent: n. blood color: v.t. to stain 
with blood. 

sanguineous (-gwin'e-us), adj. per- 
taining to, abounding with, or con- 
stituting, blood; of a blood color. 

Sanhedrim (san-he'drim), n. the 
great judicial council of the ancient 
Jews, composed of 71 priests, scribes, 
and elders, presided over by the high 
priest. Also Sanhedrin. 

sanies (sa'ni-ez), n. a thin reddish 
discharge from a wound or sore. 

sanitarian (san-i-ta'ri-an), adj. of 
or pertaining to the laws of health; 
having regard to the public health: 
n. one versed in, or devoted to sani- 
tary studies; an advocate or pro- 
moter of sanitary measures. 

sanitarium (-ta/ri-um), n. a sana- 
torium, especially one where the 
treatment is prophylactic instead of 
therapeutic. 

sanitary (san'i-ta-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, connected with, or tending 
to promote, health, especially by leg- 
islative enactment; hygienic. 

sanitation (-ta/shun), n. hygiene. 

sanity ('i-ti), n. saneness. 

sansculotte (sanz-koo-lot'), n. a fel- 
low without breeches; a term of con- 
tempt applied to the French Revo- 
lutionists. 

sansculotterie (-lot're), n. the 
French Revolutionists collectively; 
extreme republicanism. 

Sanskrit (san'skrit), n. the ancient 
language of the Hindus. Also San- 
scrit. 

sapid ('id), adj. savory. 

sapience (sa/pi-ens), n. knowledge; 
wisdom. 

sapient ('pi-ent), adj. wise; saga- 
cious. 

sapling (sapling), n. a young tree. 

sapodilla (-o-dil'a), n. a tropical tree 
yielding a large fruit, the seeds of 
which are used in medicine. 

saponaceous (-o-na/shus), adj. re- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






SAPONIFICATION 



638 



SATEEN 



sembling, or having the qualities of, 
soap; unctuous. 

saponification > (sa-pon-i-fi-ka/shun), 
n. conversion into soap. 

saponify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sa- 
ponified, p.pr. saponifying] ^ to con- 
vert into soap by combination with 
an alkali. 

sapor ous ('o-rus), adj. having, or 
stimulating, flavor. 

sapper ('er), n. one who saps; a sol- 
dier employed in sapping or digging 
trenches. 

sapphire (saf'ir), n. a precious stone of 
a blue color, a variety of corundum. 

sappy ('i), adj. full of sap; juicy. 

saraband (sar'a-band), n. a Spanish 
dance; music for such a dance. 

Saracen ('a-sen), n. the mediaeval 
name for an Arab or Mohammedan. 

Saracenic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, the Saracens. 

sarcasm (sar'kazm), n. a bitter, cut- 
ting, satirical expression. 

sarcastic (-kas'tik), adj. bitterly sa- 
tirical. Also sarcastical. 

sarcine (sar'sin), n. a nitrogenous 
substance existing in muscular and 
glandular tissues. 

sarcocarcinoma (sar'ko-kar-si-no'na) 
n. a form of tumor containing can- 
cerous elements. 

sarcocarp ('ko-karp), n. the fleshy 
part of a fruit. 

sarcode ('kod), n. animal protoplasm. 

sarcoderm ('ko-derm), n. the fleshy 
layer between the interior and ex- 
terior covering of a seed. 

sarcogenic (sar-ko-jen'ik), adj. form- 
ing or building up fleshy tissues. 

sarcoid ('koid), adj. flesh-like. 

sarcoline ('ko-lin), adj. flesh-colored. 

sarcological (-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to sarcology. 

sarcology (-kol'o-ji), n. that part of 
anatomy that treats pf the soft 
parts of the body. 

sarcoma (-ko'ma), n. a fleshy tumor. 
Also sarcosis. 

sarcophagous (-kof'a-gus), adj. feed- 
ing on flesh. 

sarcophagus ('a-gus), n. a lime- 



stone used by the Greeks for coffins; 
a stone coffin. 

sarcotic (-kot'ik), adj. flesh-forming. 

sard (sard), n. a precious stone, a 
deep blood-red variety of carnelian. 

sardine (-den'), n. a species of pil- 
chard, abundant in the Mediterra- 
nean, and preserved in oil for ex- 
portation; ('din), a precious stone 
mentioned in Rev. iv., the sardius. 

sardonic (-don'ik), adj. forced, bit- 
ter, or heartless: said of a laugh or 
smile; from a Sardinian herb, re- 
puted to cause convulsive motions of 
the cheek and lips when eaten. Also 
sardonian. 

sardonyx ('do-niks), n. a variety of 
agate. 

sargasso (-gas'o), n. the floating 
sea- or gulf- weed of the North At- 
lantic. Also sargassum. 

sarsaparilla (-sa-pa-ril'a), n. a twin- 
ing shrub found in Mexico, &c, the 
root of which is used as a medicine. 

sarsanet (sars'net), n. a thin fine 
kind of woven silk, used for ribbons, 
linings, &c. 

sartorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertaining I 
to a tailor. I 

sartorious ('ri-us), n. the muscle of 
the thigh by means of which the 
legs can be crossed; the tailor's 
muscle. 

sash (sash), n. a band, ribbon, or 
scarf, worn round the waist or over 
the shoulder; a frame for holding 
panes of glass: v.t. to furnish with 
sashes. 

sassafras ('a-fras), n. a tree allied to 
the laurel, with a fragrant root, 
wood, and flowers. 

satanic (-tan'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or resembling, Satan; diabolical; 
infernal; very malicious. 

satchel (sach'el), n. a small bag for 
carrying books, papers, &c; any 
handbag 

sate (sat), v.t. to satisfy the appe- 
tites or desires of.. 

sateen (sa-ten'), n. a woolen or cot- 
ton fabric made in imitation of 
satin. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SATELLITE 



639 



SAURIAN 



satellite (sat'el-it), n. a small planet 
revolving round a larger one; an 
obsequious attendant. 

satiable (sa/shi-a-bl), adj. capable of 
being gratified or satiated. 

satiate ('shi-at), v.t. to fill, or grat- 
ify fully; surfeit; glut: adj. glutted. 

satiety (-tl'e-ti), n. fulness of grati- 
fication beyond desire; repletion. 

satin (sat 'in), n. a closely woven 
glossy silk: adj. made of, or like, 
satin. 

satinet (-ef), n. a thin kind of satin; 
a glossy cloth woven with wool and 
cotton made to resemble satin. 

satiny ('in-i), adj. like satin. 

satire (sat'ir), n. a species of poetry 
in which contemporary vice and 
folly are held up to ridicule; sar- 
casm; ridicule. 

satiric (sa-tir'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or containing, satire; addicted to 
satire. Also satirical. 

satirist (sat'i-rist), n. a writer of 
satire; one who satirizes. 

satirize ('i-riz), v.t. to assail or ridi- 
cule with satire. 

satisfaction (sat-is-fak'shun), n. the 
act of satisfying; the state of being' 
satisfied; contentment; gratifica- 
tion; payment; redress; conviction. 

satisfactory ('to-ri), adj. giving sat- 
isfaction or content; making re- 
dress; relieving the mind from doubt 
or uncertainty. 

satisfy ('is-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. satis- 
fied, p.pr. satisfying], to gratify to 
the fullest degree; free from doubt 
or uncertainty; pay in full; dis- 
charge: v.i. to give satisfaction; 
make atonement or payment. _ 

satrap (sa/trap), n. a kind of viceroy 
among the ancient Persians. 

satrapy (-i), n. the government or 
jurisdiction of a satrap. 

saturable (sat'u-ra-bl), adj. capable 
of being saturated. 

sat ur ant ('u-rant), adj. impregnat- 
ing to the full: n. a substance that 
neutralizes acid in the stomach. 

saturate ('u-rat), v.t. to soak or im- 
bue. 



saturation (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
saturating; the state of being sat- 
urated; impregnation of one sub- 
stance by another until the latter 
can contain no more. 

Saturn (sat'ern), n. the planet next 
beyond, and next in magnitude to, 
Jupiter; the ancient Italian god of 
seed-time and harvest. 

Saturnalia (-er-na/li-a), n. an an- 
cient Roman festival in honor of the 
god Saturn, in which all classes, in- 
cluding slaves, took part: hence un- 
restrained revelry. 

Saturnian ('ni-an), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of ; the god Sat- 
urn, or to the golden age of purity 
and happiness. 

saturnine ('nin), adj. under the in- 
fluence of the planet Saturn; dullf 
morose; gloomy; phlegmatic. 

satyr ('er), n. a sylvan Greek deity, 
attendant on Bacchus, represented 
with long, pointed ears, short horns, 
a man's body, and the legs of a goat. 

sauce (saws), n. a liquid condiment 
or seasoning for food; any mixture 
used as a relish; pertness: v.t. to 
put sauce into; render pungent; 
treat with pertness. 

sauce-box Cboks), n. a pert, impu- 
dent person. 

saucer ('ser), n. a shallow piece of 
china, &c, in which a tea or coffee 
cup is placed. 

saucily (saw'si-li), adv. in a saucy 
manner. 

saucy ('si), adj. [comp. saucier, su- 
perl. sauciest], pert; impudent. 

sauerkraut (sour'krout), n. a pickle 
of chopped cabbage packed in layers 
with salt between, which causes fer- 
mentation. 

saunter (san'ter or sawn'ter), v.i. to 
wander about idly; loiter; linger: n. 
a place for sauntering; idle walk or 
ramble. 

saurian (saw'ri-an), n. any individ- 
ual of the Sauria, an order of four- 
legged reptiles having the body fur- 
nished with scales, as the crocodile 
and lizard. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SAUROID 



640 



SCALD 



sauroid ('roid), adj. lizard-like. 

sausage (saw'saj), n. the gut of an 
animal stuffed with seasoned minced 
meat; minced meat seasoned with 
sage, salt, pepper, &c. 

saute (so-ta/), n. a method of cooking 
by tossing the material in a frying 
pan of particular construction. 

sauterne (-tern'), n. a French white 
wine. 

savable (sav'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being saved. 

savage (sav'aj), adj. uncivilized; wild; 
cruel; fierce; pitiless; uncultivated; 
enraged: n. a human being in a 
rude, uncivilized state; barbarian; 
a fierce, brutal person. 

savagery ('aj-ri), n. the state of be- 
ing wild or uncivilized; barbarism; 
brutal roughness. 

savannah (sa-van'a), n. an exten- 
sive open plain or meadow. Also 
savanna. 

savant (-vang'), n. a man of learning 
or science [French]. 

saveloy (sav'e-loi), n. a kind of cooked 
sausage. 

savin ('in), n. an evergreen tree or 
shrub with a dark foliage with blu- 
ish-green berries: the young leaves 
and branches yield an active volatile 
oil used in medicine. Also savine. 

saving (sav'ing), adj. preserving; 
frugal; parsimonious; reserving: n. 
an exception or reservation: pi. 
money, &c, saved: prep, with ex- 
ception in favor of. 

savior (sav'yer), n. one who saves. 
/ Savior, Saviour, n. Jesus Christ, 
the Redeemer (with the). 

savoir-faire (sav- war-far'), n. an 
intuitive knowledge of what is the 
right thing. 

savonette (sav-o-nef), n. a hard ball 
of toilet soap, composed of various 
ingredients. 

savor (sa'ver), n. flavor; taste; rel- 
ish; scent; characteristic property: 
v.i. to have a particular flavor or 
smell; exhibit tokens of: v.t. to taste 
or smell with delight. 

savory ('ver-i), n. an aromatic plant. 



savoy (sa-voi'), n. a kind of winter 
cabbage ,with crisp curled leaves. 

sawfish ('fish), n. a fish with a long 
bony snout furnished with spines or 
teeth. 

sawfly ('fll), n. an insect with a saw- 
like apparatus for depositing its 



sawyer ('yer), n. one who saws tim- 
ber into planks; a tree in a river, 
whose branches, partly above water, 
sway up and down by the force of 
the current. 

saxhorn (saks'horn), n. a musical 
wind instrument, used in military 
bands. 

Saxon ('n), adj. pertaining to the 
Saxons, a race of people formerly 
inhabiting North Germany, their 
country or language; Anglo-Saxon: 
n. a member of the Saxon race. 

saxophone ('o-fon), n. a brass mu- 
sical instrument with a single reed 
and clarinet mouthpiece. 

scab (skab), n. an incrustation 
formecNNrer a wound; a contagious 
disease in sheep; a workman who 
refuses to join a strike, or who takes 

- the place abandoned by a striker. \ 

scabbard Card), n. the sheath in 
which the blade of a sword is kept: 
v.t. to put into a scabbard. 

scabby fi), adj. covered with, or 
full or, scabs; affected with scab. 

scabies (ska'bi-ez), n. the itch. 

scabrous ('brus), adj. rough to the 
touch; uneven; dotted: scaly. 

scad (skad), n. the shad or horse- 
mackerel. 

scaffold (skaf'old), n. a temporary 
timber stage or structure; an ele- 
vated platform for the execution 
of a criminal: v.t. to furnish or sup- 
port with a scaffold. 

scalable (skal'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being scaled. 

scalawag (skal'a-wag), n. a scamp; 
scapegrace. 

scald (skawld), v.t. to burn with hot 
liquid or steam; injure by contact 
with any hot fluid; expose to violent 
heat over a fire or hot liquid. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SCALDIC 



641 



SCAPEGOAT 



scaldic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
composed by, the scalds. Also 
skaldic. 

scale (skal), n. the dish of a balance; 
a balance; an instrument or ma- 
chine for weighing; the small bony 
or horny plates covering a fish, cer- 
tain reptiles, and insects; any thin 
plate or layer; the thin oxide which 
forms, on the surface of iron forg- 
ings; incrustation on the interior of 
a boiler; a series of steps; gradu- 
ated measure; series of all the tones 
[music]; relative dimensions; basis 
for a numerical system; a scale- 
insect, or bark-louse, very destruc- 
tive to fruit trees. 

scalene (ska-len'), adj. having the 
sides and angles unequal; said of a 
triangle. 

scallop (skol'op), n. a marine bi- 
valve fish, having the edge of its 
shell in the form of a series of 
curves; the shell was formerly worn 
by pilgrims who had visited the 
Holy Land; a curving or recess: 
v.t. to cut the edge or border of in 
scallops or curves. 

scalloped-oysters (-ois'terz), n.pl. 
oysters baked with bread crumbs, 
&c. 

scalp (skalp), n. the skin on the top 
of the head from which the hair 
grows; the skin and hair of the 
head torn off by the North Ameri- 
can Indians in token of victory. 

scalpel ('el), n. a small keen-edged 
knife. 

scalper ('er), n. one who scalps; a 
person who buys and sells the un- 
used parts of railway tickets. 

scaly (skal'i), adj. covered with, or 
like, scales; mean; caddish. 

scammony ('o-ni), n. an inspissated 
sap obtained from the root of a spe- 
cies of convolvulus, used as a ca- 
thartic. 

scamp (skamp), n. a rascal; worth- 
less fellow; rogue: v.t. to execute or 
perform in a superficial or careless 
manner and with bad material. 

scamper (skam'per), v.i. to run with 



speed; hasten away: n. a hasty 
flight. 

scan (skan), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. scanned, 
p.pr. scanning], to examine by count- 
ing the metrical feet or syllables; 
scrutinize or examine carefully. 

scandal ('dal), n. offense occasioned 
by the faults of another; something 
uttered that is false and injurious 
to the reputation; opprobrium; 
defamation; disgrace. 

scandalize (-iz), v.t. to offend by 
some supposed improper action or 
conduct. 

scandalous (-us), adj. giving offense 
to the conscience or moral sense; 
exciting condemnation or oppro- 
brium. 

scanderoon (skan-de-roon'), n. a va- 
riety of domesticated pigeons, with 
long bodies, either plain in color or 
with white wings. 

Scandinavian (-di-na'vi-an), adj. 
pertaining to Scandinavia, its lan- 
guage, literature, or people. Also 
Scandian. 

scant (skant), adj. [comp. scanter, 
superl. scantest], not full or abun- 
dant; scarcely sufficient: v.t. to 
stint; treat illiberally; limit: v.i. to 
fail or become diminished. 

scantily ('i-li), adv. in a scanty man- 
ner. 

scantling ('ling), n. a piece of timber 
cut or sawn of small size; the size to 
which a piece of timber is to be cut. 

scanty ('i), adj. [comp. scantier, su- 
perL scantiest], narrow; barely suf- 
ficient; scant. 

scape (skap), n. the shaft of a col- 
umn where it leaves the base; a 
peduncle rising from the ground or 
stem underneath the ground: v.t. 
& v.i. to escape [poet]. 

scapegoat ('got), n. among the an- 
cient Jews, one of the two goats 
determined by lot, over whose head 
the high priest confessed the sins 
of the people, after which it was sent 
away into the wilderness : hence one 
who bears the blame for others. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boop, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SCAPEGRACE 



642 



SCENIC 



scapegrace Cgras), n. a graceless, 
unprincipled fellow. 

scapple (skap'l), v.t. to rough-dress 
(stone) preparatory to hewing. 

scapula ('u-la), n. the shoulder- 
blade. 

scapular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to 
the scapula or shoulder: in the Ro- 
man Catholic Church, part of the 
habit of- certain religious orders; 
two pieces of cloth worn over the 
shoulders from motives of devotion. 
Also scapulary. 

scar (skar), n. a mark caused by a 
wound; mark or blemish; a pre- 

i cipitous rock or bank; the parrot- 
fish: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. scarred, p.pr. 
scarring], to mark with, or as with, 
a scar: v.i. to form a scar. 

scarab (skar'ab), n. a lamellicorn 
beetle, scarabaeus; a gem or seal 
cut in the form of a beetle worn as 
a charm by the ancient Egyptians. 

scarce (skars), adj. not common; 
not plentiful; not equal to the de- 
mand. 

scare (skar), v.t. to strike with sud- 
den terror; frighten: n. a sudden 
fright or panic. 

scarecrow ('kro), n. . anything fan- 
tastic set up to scare away birds; 
a vain cause of terror; a guy. 

scarf (skarf), n. a light handkerchief 
or tie for the neck; sash: v.t. throw 
on loosely; dress with a scarf; to 
unite (two pieces of timber) at the 
ends by a kind of dovetail. 

scarfing ('ing), n. the formation of a 
beam out of two pieces of timber. 

scarfskin ('skin), n. the cuticle. 

scarification (skar-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act of scarifying. 

scarificator ('i-fi-ka-ter), n. a surgi- 
cal instrument used in scarifying. 

scarifier ('i-fi-er), n. one who, or 
that which, scarifies j a scarificator; 
an agricultural instrument for stir- 
ring the soil. 

scarify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. scari- 
fied, p.pr. scarifying], to scratch or 
cut; make small incisions in by a 
lancet or scarificator: as, to scarify 



the skin; to stir up and prepare for 
planting : as, to scarify the soil. 

scarlatina (skar-la-te'na), n. scarlet 
fever of a mild form. 

scarlet ('let), n. a bright red color; 
cloth of such a color: adj. of a scar- 
let color. 

scarlet fever (fe'ver), n. contagious 
febrile disease characterized by a 
scarlet eruption. 

scarlet runner (run'er), n. a vari- 
ety of bean. 

scarp (skarp), n. a slope or declivity, 
nearly perpendicular; the slope of a 
ditch at the foot of a parapet: v.t. 
to cut perpendicularly or nearly so. 

scary (ska'ri), adj. causing, or sub- 
ject to, sudden fright. m . ■ 

scathe (sk&th), v.t. to injure or hurt: 
n. injury or harm. 

scathing ('ing), adj. injurious; hurt- 
ful; very severe or bitter. 

scatter (skat'er), v.t. to strew or 
throw loosely about; disperse or dis- 
sipate: v.i. to be dispersed or dissi- 
pated. 

scatterbrained (-brand), adj. giddy. 

scavenge (skav'enj), v.t. to cleanse, 
as streets, from mud and filth. 

scavenger (-er), n. a man employed 
to clean the streets; any animal that 
devours refuse or any other deleteri- 
ous matter. 

scenario (sha-na're-o), n. the sketch 
of a plot or chief incidents of a li- 
bretto or play. 

scene (sen), n. the time, place, or cir- 
cumstance, &c, in which anything 
occurs: part of a play; the imagi- 
nary place where the action of a 
play is supposed to take place ; spec- 
tacle ; exhibition ; display of feeling or 
passion between two or more per- 
sons. 

scenery ('er-i), n. the appearance of 
anything presented to the vision; 
general aspect; combination of nat- 
ural views; painted representation 
on a stage. 

scenic ('ik), adj. pertaining to scenery 
or to the stage; dramatic. Also 
scenical. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boc 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SCENOGRAPHY 



643 



SCINTILLATE 



scenography (se-nog'ra-fi), n. the 
art of drawing in perspective. 

scent (sent), n. odor; sense of smell; 
chase followed by means of the 
scent: v.t. to perceive by the olfac- 
tory nerves : smell ; perfume : v.i. to 
hunt animals by the sense of smell. 

scepter, sceptre (sep'ter), n. a staff 
borne by a sovereign as the emblem 
of authority; royal mace: v.t. to in- 
vest with regal authority. 

sceptered ('terd), p.adj. bearing a 
scepter; regal; imperial. 

sceptic. Same as skeptic. 

schedule (sked'ul), n. a written or 
printed paper or parchment contain- 
ing a list, or inventory; list or docu- 
ment annexed to a larger instru- 
ment, as a will, &c: v.t. to place in 
a schedule. 

scheme (skem), n. a connected com- 
bination of things for the attain- 
ment of a certain end; plan; con- 
trivance; purpose; plot: v.t. to de- 
sign or plan; plot: v.i. to form a 
scheme or plan. 

Schiedam (ske-dam'), n. Holland gin. 

schiller (shil'er), n. the peculiar 
bronze-like luster in certain minerals. 

schism (sizm), n. a split or division, 
especially permanent division or sep- 
aration in the Christian Church; 
sin of causing such a division. 

schismatic (siz-mat'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characteristic of, or im- 
plying, schism. Also schismatical : 
n. one who creates or takes part in a 
schism. 

schist (shist), n. any rock that splits 
into slates or slabs. 

schizogamy (ski-zog'a-mi), n. sl form 
of reproduction among lower organ- 
. isms in which a sexual form originates 
by fission or by budding from a sex- 
less one. 

schnapps (shnaps), n. Holland gin. 

scholarship ('er-ship), n. high at- 
tainments in literature or science; 
learning; erudition; maintenance for 
a scholar, awarded by an educational 
institution. 

scholastic (sko-las'tik), adj. pertain- 



ing to a scholar or to schools; schol- 
ar-like; characteristic of the mediae- 
val schoolmen; formal. 

scholasticism ('ti-sizm), n. the scho- 
lastic philosophy of the Mediaeval 
Age. 

scholiast (sko'li-ast), n. sl commen- 
tator or annotator, especially of the 
classics. 

scholium ('li-um), n. [pi. scholia 
(-a) ], a marginal or explanatory 
note, especially on the text of a 
classic author. 

schoolman ('man), n. [pi. schoolmen 
('men) ], one of the divines and phi- 
losophers in the Middle Ages. 

schooner (skoon'er), n. a vessel with 
2 masts, sometimes 3, rigged fore 
and aft; a tall beer-glass. 

schottische (sho-tesh), n. a kind of 
polka. 

schweitzerkase (shvits'er-ka-ze), n. 
another name for Gruyere cheese. 

sciagraph (si'a-graf), n. the vertical 
section of a building showing its in- 
terior. 

sciagraphy (-ag'ra-fi), n. the art or 
science of projecting or delineating 
shadows as they fall in nature. 

sciatic (-at'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
affecting, the hip. 

sciatica ('i-ka), n. neuralgia of the 
sciatic nerve. 

science ('ens), n. systematized knowl- 
edge of any one department of mind 
or matter; acknowledged truths and 
laws, especially as demonstrated by 
induction, experiment, or observa- 
tion. 

scientific (-en-tif'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, used in, or skilled in, science; 
skilful. 

scientist ('en-tist), n. one skilled in, 
or devoted to, science. 

scilicet (sil'i-set), adv. namely [Latin]. 

scimitar (sim'i-ter), n. an Oriental 
sword with a curved blade having 
its edge on the convex side. Also 
scimeter. 

scintilla (sin-til 'a), n. a spark; the 
least trace. 

scintillate (sin'til-at), v.i. to emit 



ate, Srm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. • 



SCINTILLATION 



644 



SCOTCH 



sparks, fire, or igneous particles; 
twinkle. 

scintillation (-la/shun), n. the act 
of scintillating; a spark or flash; 
twinkle. 

sciolism (sl'o-lizm), n. superficial 
knowledge. 

sciolist (-list), n. one who knows 
many things superficially. 

scion (sl'on), n. the sprout or shoot 
of a plant; a descendant; heir. 

sci optic (-op'tik), adj. pertaining^ to 
the art of exhibiting luminous im- 
ages in a darkened room or camera 
obseura. Also scioptric. 

sciopticon ('ti-kon), n. magic lan- 
tern for exhibiting photographs. 

scire facias (si-re fa'shi-as), a writ 
to enforce the execution of judg- 
ments, &c, or to annul them. 

scissors (siz'ers), n.-pl. a cutting in- 
strument resembling shears but 
smaller. 

sci ssors- telescope (siz 'orz-tel 'e-skop ) , 
n. a stereotelescope the relations of 
the tubes of which may be varied by 
a scissors-like arrangement. 

scelrotic (skle-rot'ik), adj. hard; 
noting the firm white outermost 
membrane of the eyeball. 

sclerotitis (-ro-tl'tis), n. inflamma- 
tion of the sclerotic coat of the eye. 

scobs (skobs), n. raspings of ivory, 
metal, or other hard substances. 

scoff (skof), n. an expression of scorn 
or contempt; ridicule; derision: v.i. 
to exhibit scorn or contempt: v.t. to 
treat or address with derision. 

scold (skold), v.i. to chide sharply or 
rudely; rail in a loud or violent 
manner: v.t. to find fault with: n. 
one who habitually scolds, especially 
a rude, clamorous woman. 

scollop. Same as scallop. 

sconce (skons), n. a bulwark; small 
fort; protection; a fixed hanging or 
projecting candlestick; tube in a 
candlestick for inserting the candle; 
the head; mulct v or fine; a small, 
thin cake of oatmeal, &c. 

scoop (skoop), n. a large ladle; deep 
shovel; kind of scuttle: v.t. to take 



out or up with a scoop; ladle out; 
make hollow. 

scoot (skoot), v.i. to walk or run 
hastily. 

scope (skop), n. room or opportunity 
for free outlook or action; aim or 
intention; design; sujjjx meaning 
an instrument for viewing, as micro- 
scope. 

scopolamine (skop'o-lam-in), n. a 
vegetable alkaloid, identical with 
hyoscine, recently used as a nar- 
cotic to annul the pains of child- 
birth. 

scorbutic (skor-bu/tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or affected by, scurvy. 

scorch (skorch), v.t. to burn or roast 
slightly; parch, shrivel, or affect 
painfully with heat: v.i. to be 
scorched. 

score (skor), n. a notch or incision, 
especially one made as a reckoning; 
the number 20; line or groove; bill; 
account; behalf; sake; reason; 
copy of a small musical work show- 
ing the component parts: v.t. to 
notch or mark furrows in ; keep rec- 
ord or account of; to make a score 
of, as runs, points, &c, in a game. 

scoria (sko'ri-a), n. [pi. scoriae (-e) ], 
volcanic cinder; slag formed after 
the fusion of metallic ores. 

scoriaceous (-a/shus), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or resembling, scoria. 

scorn (skorn), n. extreme and lofty 
contempt; naughty disdain; object 
of contempt: v.t. to hold in extreme 
contempt or disdain. 

scorner ('er), n. one who scorns, es- 
pecially one who holds religion in 
derision. 

scorpion (skor'pi-un), n. an indi- 
vidual of the genus Scorpio, fur- 
nished with lobster-like claws, and 
armed with a poisonous sting in the 
tail; a painful scourge. 

Scotch (skoch) adj. pertaining to 
Scotland, its inhabitants, or its dia- 
lect. 

scotch, n. a wedge, &c, to prevent 
slipping or rolling; a slight cut or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SCOTIA 



645 



SCRIMP 



incision: v.t. to cut or wound super- 
ficially. 

scotia ('ti-a), the hollow molding in 
the base of an Ionic column. 

scototherapy (skot-6-ther'a-pi), n. 
the treatment of disease by the ex- 
clusion of light. 

Scotticism ('i-sizm), n. a Scottish 
idiom. 

scoundrel (skoun'drel). n. a man 
without honor or virtue; low, worth- 
less fellow. 

scour (skour), v.t. to clean by fric- 
tion; cleanse from grease, dirt, and 
make bright; pass swiftly along; 
search thoroughly; purge. 

scourge (skerj), n. a whip with thongs 
used as a punishment: v.t. to whip 
severely; afflict or harass greatly. 

scout (skout), n. a person sent out to 
obtain and bring in information, es- 
pecially of the movements, &c, of 
an enemy; a college servant; in 
cricket, a fielder: v.i. to act as a 
scout: v.t. to treat with scorn. 

scovel (skuv'l), n. a mop for sweep- 
ing a baker's oven. 

scow (skou), n. a large flat-bottomed 
boat with square ends: v.t. to trans- 
port in a scow. 

scowl (skoul), v.i. to wrinkle the 
brows in frowning or displeasure; 
look sullen or angry: n. the wrin- 
kling of the brows in displeasure or 
anger; frown. 

scrabble (skrab'l), v.i. to scrawl or 
scribble; make irregular, unmeaning 
marks: v.t. to mark with irregular 
lines or letters. 

scrag (skrag), n. anything thin, lean, 
or rough; something merely skin 
and bones. 

scraggy ('i), adj. lean, thin and 
rough; rough, with irregular points. 

scramble (skram'bl), v.i. to clamber 
with the hands and feet; seize or 
catch hold of anything with eager- 
ness and roughness: v.t. to toss to- 
gether at random; mix and cook in 
a confused mass: as, to scramble 
eggs: n. a rude, eager struggle; act 
of scrambling. 



scranch (skranch), v.t. to grind with 
the teeth with a crackling sound; 
craunch. 

scrap (skrap), n. a small or detached 
piece; fragment; a scrimmage: v.i. 
to engage in a scrimmage. 

scratches ('ez), n.pl. dry scabs be- 
tween the heel and pastern-joint of 
a horse. 

scratch race (ras), n. a race in which 
the competitors are unrestricted 
by conditions or are chosen by lot. 

scrawl (skrawl), v.t. & v.i. to write 
or draw irregularly or hastily ; scrib- 
ble: n. hasty, irregular, or illegible 
writing; scribble. 

screak (skrek), n. a shriek; screech. 

screed (skred), n. wooden rules for 
running moldings; loud, shrill sound; 
a fragment or piece; a harangue; a 
piece of poor prose or verse. 

screen (skren), n. a light movable 
partition for protection; coarse sieve; 
the sheet upon which moving pic- 
tures are thrown: v.t. to shelter or 
conceal; protect; pass through a 
coarse sieve. 

screw (skroo), n. a cylinder of metal 
or wood grooved spirally; one of the 
six mechanical powers; screw-pro- 
peller: v.t. to press with a screw; 
apply a screw to; twist; force or 
- squeeze; oppress by_exactions. 

screw-propeller (pro-pel' er), n. a 
spiral-bladed wheel at the stern of a 
steam-vessel for propelling it; the 
vessel thus propelled. 

scribble (skrib'l), v.t. to write has- 
tily and carelessly: v.i. write care- 
lessly and without regard to correct- 
ness : n. hasty, careless writing. 

scribbler (ler), n. one who scrib- 
bles; a literary hack, or petty author. 

scribe (skrib), n. a writer; clerk; 
amanuensis; a teacher or copyist of 
the Jewish law: v.t. to adjust. 

scrimmage ('aj), n. a general row 
or tussle. 

scrimp (skrimp), v.t. to make small, 
narrow, or short; limit or straiten: 
v.i. to be parsimonious or miserly: 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SCRIMPINESS 



SCURFY 



adj. short; narrow; curtailed: n. a 
niggard or miser. 

scrimpiness ('nes), n. scantiness. 

scrip (skrip), n. a satchel; schedule; 
certificate; writing; certificate of 
stock subscribed to a bank or other 
company. 

script (skript), n. a piece of writing; 
style of writing; type in imitation 
of writing; original document or in- 
strument. 

Scriptural ('ur-al), adj. pertaining 
to, contained in, or according to, the 
Scriptures; Biblical. 

scripturalism (-izm), n. adherence 
to the letter of the Scriptures. 

scripture ('fir), n. sacred writing; 
biblical text: pi. the books of the 
Old and New Testaments: the Bible. 

scrivener • (skriv'ner), n. one who 
draws up contracts, prepares writ- 
ings, &c; formerly a broker or 
financial agent. 

scrofula (skrof'u-la), n. a disease 
caused by the formation and deposi- 
tion of tubercle in the organs and 
tissues of the body; king's evil. 

scrofulous (-lus), adj. pertaining to, 
of the nature of, or affected with, 
scrofula. 

scroll (skrol), n. a roll of paper or 
parchment; a convoluted spiral or- 
nament; a flourish to a signature. 

scrotum (skro'tum), n. the pouch 
which contains the testes. 

scrouge (skrouj), v.t. to crowd or 
squeeze. 

scruff (skruf), n. the back of the neck. 

scrunch (skrunch), v.t. to crunch. 

scruple (skroo'pl), n. 1-3 of a dram, 
or 20 grains; hesitation, especially 
from conscientious motives: v.i. to 
hesitate from conscientious motives. 

scrupulosity > (-pu-los'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being scrupulous ; 
nice or conscientious regard to ex- 
actness or propriety; precision. Also 
scrupulousness. 

scrupulous ('pu-lus), adj. full of 
scruples; conscientious; exact; care- 
ful ; strict. 



scrutinize ('ti-niz), v.t. to inspect or 
examine closely. 

scrutinous ('ti-nus), adj. closely in- 
specting or examining; precise; care- 
ful; captious. 

scrutiny ('ti-ni), n. close inspection 
or examination; minute inquiry; ex- 
amination of votes recorded at an 
election. 

scud (skud), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. scudded, 
p.pr. scudding], to run quickly; run 
before a gale of wind with little or 
no sail spread: n. the act of scud- 
ding; loose, vapory clouds driven by 
the wind. 

scuffle (skuf'l), v.i. to fight or struggle 
confusedly, especially hand to hand : 
n. a struggle for mastery with close 
grappling; confused conflict fight. 

scull (skul), n. one of a pair of short 
oars; an oar used at the stern of a 
boat to propel it: v.i. to impel a 
boat with a scull or sculls. 

scullery ('er-i), n. [pi. sculleries 
(-iz) ], a place where culinary uten- 
sils, &c, are kept and cleansed. 

scullion ('y un )> n - a servant employed 
in the menial work of a scullery. 

sculptor (skulp'ter), n. one who 

, practices the art of sculpture. Fem- 
inine sculptress. 

sculptural ('tu-ral), adj. pertaining 
to sculpture. 

sculpture ('tur), n. the art of carv- 
ing, cutting, or hewing stone or oth- 
er material into images of men, ani- 
mals, &c; carved work or figure: 
v.t. to represent in, or fashion by, 
sculpture. 

sculpturesque (-esk'), adj. resem- 
bling, or having the character of 
sculpture. 

scupper (skup'er), n. a hole or tube 
in the side of a ship to carry off deck 
water. 

scurf (skerf), n. minute, white, flaky 
scales formed on the skin, especially 
on the scalp; dandruff; loosely ad- 
herent matter. 

scurff (skerf), n. the bull-trout. 

scurfy ('i), adj. [comp. scurfier, su- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SCURRILE 



647 



SEASONABLE 



•perl, scurfiest], pertaining to, pro- 
ducing, covered with, or like, scurf. 

scurrile (skur'il), adj. befitting a 
buffoon or vulgar jester; grossly op- 
probrious or jocosely indecent. 

scurrility ('i-ti), n. [pi. scurrilities 
(-tiz) ], vulgar, vile, or indecent 
jocularity. 

scurrilous ('il-us), adj. using the 
low, indecent language of the vul- 
gar; mean; foul-mouthed; vile; con- 
taining low indecency or abuse. 

scurry (skur'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. scur- 
ried, p.pr. scurrying], to hasten or 
move rapidly along: n. hurried move- 
ment. 

scurvily (sker'vi-li), adv. in a scurvy 
manner. 

scurvy ('vi), adj. affected by scurvy; 
scabby; vile; contemptible; mean; 
paltry: n. a condition of anaemia, 
caused by deficiency of vegetable 
food or lime juice, causing great 
weakness, emaciation, &c. 

scut (skut), n. the short, erect tail of 
a fox, deer, &c. 

scutch (skuch), v.t. to dress (flax or 
fi cotton) by beating. 

scutcheon ('un), n. an escutcheon; 
shield for a keyhole. 

Scuttle (skut'l), v.i. to hasten or 
hurry: v.t. to cut a hole or holes in 
(a ship) to sink it: n. a quick or 
short run; a pan for holding coals; 
lid or door closing or covering an 
opening in a roof, &c; hatchway or 
small opening in the deck of a ship. 

scutum (sku'tum), n. [pi. scuta 
('ta) ], a shield; a shield-like plate. 

scymitar. Same as scimitar. 

scythe (sith), n. a curved cutting in- 
strument used for mowing grass, &c. 

Scythian (sith'i-an), adj. pertaining 
to Scythia, to its language, or its in- 
habitants. 

se, a prefix, meaning without, apart, 
aside. 

seal (sel), n. a, carnivorous marine 
mammal, valuable for its skin and 
oil; a stamp or die engraved with 
some device, motto, or image, used 
for making an impression in relief 



on wax, «fec; wax or other soft sub- 
stance set to an instrument, and 
impressed with a seal; any act of 
confirmation or ratification. 

seam (sem), n. the line formed by the 
sewing of two pieces of material to- 
gether; line of junction or union; 
narrow vein between two thicker 
strata; thin layer; piece of needle- 
work: v.t. to form a seam upon or 
of; join with a seam; scar; 
knit with a particular kind of stitch: 
v.i. to crack open. 

seamstress (sem'stres), n. a needle- 
woman. 

seamy ('i), adj. showing, or like, 
seams. 

seamy-side (-sid), n. the worst side. 

seance (sa-angs'), n. a session as of 
some deliberative body; a meeting of 
spiritualists for evoking manifesta- 
tions; a select scientific gathering. 

sear (ser), v.t. to burn to dryness on 
the surface; cauterize; brand; ren- 
der callous or insensible. 

search (serch), v.t. to seek for; go 
over and examine; explore; inspect: 
v.i. to make inquiry; seek: n. theact 
of seeking or looking for something; 
investigation; examination; pursuit; 
quest. 

search-light ('lit), n. an electric 
light so arranged that by revolving 
it a tract of land or sea can be seen 
at night. 

search-warrant ('wor-ant), n. a 
warrant issued by a magistrate au- 
thorizing a police officer to search a 
house for stolen property. 

seared # (serd), adj. hardened; cal- 
lous; indifferent; cauterized. 

seascape (se'skap), n. a picture re- 
presenting a scene at sea._ 

-season ('zn), n. any particular time 
as distinguished from others; one of 
the four divisions of the year: v.t. to 
mature; prepare by drying and. hard- 
ening, or removing natural juices; 
render palatable; spice moderately: 
v.i. to become mature, acclimated, 
inured, or seasoned. 

seasonable (-a-bl), adj. occurring or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SEASONING 



648 



SECTARIANISM 



done in good, or proper time; op- 
portune. 

seasoning (-ing), n. that which is 
added to give relish or piquancy to 
food : anything added to increase en- 
joyment. 

secant (se'kant), adj. cutting into 
two parts: n. a right line from the 
center of a circle through one ex- 
tremity of an arc, produced till it 
meets the tangent from the other 
extremity of the same arc ; the num- 
ber expressing the ratio of this line 
to the radius of the circle. 

secco (sek'o), n. painting on dry plas- 
ter: adj. dry [Italian]. 

secede (se-sed'), v.i. to withdraw 
from fellowship, communion, or 
association. 

seceder ('er), n. one who secedes. 

secession (-sesh'un), n. the act of 
seceding; withdrawal or separation 
from the communion or association 
of others; withdrawal of a State 
from the Federal Union. 

secessionist (-ist), n. an upholder 
of secession; one who took part 
with the Southern States in the Civil 
War of 1861. _ 

seclude (-klood'), v.t. to keep apart 
from the company or society or 
others; exclude. 

seclusion (-kloo'zhun), n. separation 
or withdrawal from the 'society of 
others; privacy. 

seclusive ('siv), adj. keeping in se- 
clusion. 

secondary ('und-a-ri), adj. succeed- 
ing next in order to the first; of sec- 
ond place, origin, &c; not primary; 
subordinate; inferior; deputed; re- 
volving round a primary planet; 
noting rocks intermediate between 
the Primary and Tertiary, the Meso- 
zoic: n. a delegate or deputy. 

secondary battery (bat'er-i), n. a 
storage battery. 

secondary-color (-kul'er), n. a color 
produced by the mixture of two 
primary colors in equal proportions. 

secondary-tints (-tintz), n.pl. sub- 
dued tints, as grey. 



secrecy (se'kre-si), n. [pi. secrecies 
(-siz) ], the state or quality of being 
hidden; concealment; retirement; 
solitude; habit of keeping secrets; 
discretion. 

secret ('kret), adj. hidden or con- 
cealed; removed from sight; kept 
from the knowledge or view of all 
except those concerned; silent; pri- 
vate: n. that which is concealed; 
something unknown or undisclosed. 

secretarial (sek-re-ta/ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to, or befitting, a secretary. 

secretary ('re-ta-ri), n. [pi. secre- 
taries (-riz) ], a confidential person 
employed to assist another in con- 
ducting correspondence, &c; one 
who transacts the business of a 
Government department, company, 
&c; an escritoire. 

secretary-bird (-berd), n. a South 
African predatory bird having a 
crest of feathers which resemble 
when depressed pens stuck in the ear. 

secretaryship (-ship), n. ,the office, 
or term of office, of a secretary. 

secrete (se-kref), v.t. to hide or con- 
ceal; separate from the blood, sap, 
&c. 

secretion (-kre'shun), n..the act of 
secreting or separating from a circu- 
lating fluid; any substance or fluid 
secreted. 

secretive ('tiv), adj. given to secrecy; 
causing or promoting secretion. 

secretiveness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being secretive; the phrenological 
organ which impels to secrecy, re- 
serve, or concealment. 

secretory ('to-ri), adj. performing, 
or connected with, the office of se- 
cretion. 

sect (sekt), n. sl number of persons 
who, following a teacher or leader, 
are united by a common attachment 
to some particular religious or phil- | 
osophical doctrine. 

sectarian (sek-ta/ri-an), adj. per- 
taining to, or characteristic of, a 
sect: n. a member of a sect; dissen- 
ter. 

sectarianism (-an-izm), n. the spir- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SECTARY 



649 



SEDILIA 



it, tendency, or principles of a sect; 
adherence to some particular sect. 

sectary ('ta-ri), n. [pi. sectaries 
(-riz) J, a member or adherent of a 
sect; sectarian. 

sectile (sek'til), adj. capable of be- 
ing cut. 

section ('shun), n. the act of cutting, 
or separation by cutting; part or di- 
vision; slice; the line formed by the 
intersection of two surfaces; divi- 
sion or subdivision of a chapter or 
statute; distinct part of a country, 
people, community, or class; one of 
the squares of 640 acres each into 
which public lands aie divided; 
l-36th of a township; division of a 
genus; vertical plan of any struc- 
ture as it would appear if cut by an 
intersecting plane; part of a musical 
period. 

sectionalism ('shun-al-izm), n. local 
patriotism. 

sector (sek'ter), n. that part of a 
circle included ' between two radii 
and the arc; a mathematical instru- 
ment for laying down plans, meas- 

j uring zenith distances, &c. 

sectorial (-to'ri-al), adj. adapted for 
cutting, noting one molar tooth on 
each side of both jaws, having the 
crown" adapted for cutting. 

secular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to 
this present world, or to things not 
sacred; worldly; temporal; extend- 
ing over, or occurring in, a long 
period of time; not bound by mo- 
nastic vows: n. an ecclesiastic not 
bound by monastic vows; a layman; 
a church official whose duties are 
confined to the vocal department of 
the choir. 

secularism (-izm), n. the principles 
or tenets of the secularists. 

secularist (-ist), n. one who objects 
to religious teaching in elementary 
schools; one who, discarding the 
forms of religion, maintains that the 
duties and problems of this present 
life should be the primary objects of 
man's concern. 

secularity ('i-ti), n. supreme atten- 



tion to the things of the present 
life; worldliness. 

secularization (-i-za/shun), n. the 
act of secularizing. 

secularize ('u-lar-iz), v.t. to convert 
from sacred to secular or common 
use; render worldly or unspiritual; 
convert from regular or monastic 
into secular. 

secund (se'kund), adj. arranged on 
one side only; unilateral. 

secure (se-kur r ), adj. free from fear 
or danger; safe; protected; confi- 
dent; relying upon (with of): v.t. 
to make safe; protect; guarantee; 
make fast; confine effectually; gain 
possession of; put beyond hazard of 
losing or not receiving (with against 
or from). 

security ('i-ti), n. [pi. securities 
(-tiz) ], the state or quality of being 
secure; freedom from fear or dan- 
ger; assurance; certainty; some- 
thing given to secure the fulfilment 
of a contract; pledge; evidence of 
debt or property; one who becomes 
surety for another; something given 
or done to secure good behavior. 

sedan (-dan'), n. a portable covered 
chair or vehicle for the conveyance 
of one person, used in the 18th cen- 
tury, and carried by two men by 
means of a pole on either side. Also 
sedan-chair. 

sedate (se-daf), adj. calm; com- 
posed; quiet; serious; unruffled. _ 

sedative (sed'a-tiv), adj. allaying 
nervous irritation and irritability; 
assuaging pain: n. medicine having 
such an effect. 

sedentarily ('en-tar-i-li), adj. in a 
sedentary manner. 

sedentary ('en-tar-i), adj. accus- 
tomed to pass much time in a sit- 
ting posture; characterized by much 
sitting; remaining in one place; in- 
active. 

sedge (sej), n. a coarse grass of the 
genus Carex, growing in swamps. 

sedgy ('i), adj. overgrown with sedge. 

sedilia (se-dil'i-a), n.pl. seats on 



ate, armt,wl; ask, a, a me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SEDIMENT 



650 



SEISMOLOGY 



either side of the altar set apart for 
the clergy. 

sediment (sed'i-ment), n. the matter 
which subsides or settles at the bot- 
tom of a liquid; dregs; lees. 

sedimentary ('a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or formed by, or consisting of, 
sediment. 

sedition (se-dish'un), n. any offense 
against the state less grave than in- 
surrection or treason; tumultuous 
assembly of people in opposition to 
lawful authority; the stirring up of 
such opposition. 

seditious ('us), adj. pertaining to, of 
the nature of, or characterized by, 
sedition. 

seduce (dtis'), v.t. to entice from the 
paths of rectitude, duty, or virtue, 
by flattery, promises, &c; persuade 
to a surrender of chastity. 

seducer ('er), n. one who seduces, 
especially one who persuades a wom- 
an to surrender her chastity. Fem- 
inine seductress. 

seducible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing seduced. ' 

seduction (-duk'shun), n. the act of 
seducing; the act or crime of induc- 
ing a woman to surrender her chas- 
tity. 

seductive ('tiv), adj. tending to se- 
duce or lead astray; enticing. 

sedulity (se-du'li-ti), n. steady dili- 
gence. 

sedulous (sed'u-lus), adj. steadily in- 
dustrious and persevering in business 
and endeavor; diligent; untiring. 

seediness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being seedy; shabbiness; 
exhaustion or wretchedness. 

seedy ('i), adj. abounding with, or 
run to, seeds; having the flavor of 
weeds; shabby; exhausted and mis- 
erable. 

seeming ('ing), adj. apparent; spe- 
cious: n. appearance; show, espe- 
cially false show. 

seemlihess ('li-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being seemly; propriety; 
decency; comeliness. 

seemly (li), adj. fit or becoming; de- 



cent; proper; comely; suited to the 
object, occasion, purpose, or char- 
acter. 

seer (ser), n. one who foresees future 
events; prophet; one who sees. 

seethe (seth), v.t. to boil; decoct or 
prepare for food in a hot liquor: v.i. 
to be hot; be in a condition of boil- 
ing. 

segment ('ment), n. a part divided 
or set off; section; a part cut off 
from a figure by a line or plane: v.i. 
to divide into segments. 

segmentation (-men-ta'shun), n. the 
act of dividing into segments; state 
of being divided into segments. 

segregate (seg're-gat), v.t. to sepa- 
rate from others. 

segregation (-ga/shun), n. the act of 
segregating; state of being segre- 
gated. 

seichometer (sa-shom'e-ter), n. an 
apparatus for measuring the changes 
of level of the water in a lake. 

Seidlitz (sed'litz), adj. noting effer- 
vescent powders used as a gentle 
aperient: n. a sparkling mineral 
water. 

seignior (sen'yer), n. a title of honor 
in use in Southern Europe; a lord 
or fee of a manor. 

seigniorage ('yer-aj), n. something 
claimed or taken by virtue of sover- 
eign prerogative; a charge levied on 
bullion brought by private persons 
to the mint to be coined. 

seigniorial (-yor'i-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to the lord of a manor. 

seine (san), n. a large fishing-net. 

seismic (sis'mik), adj. pertaining to, 
or produced by, an earthquake. 

seismicity (sis-mis 'i-ti), n. the rela- 
tive number of earthquakes that 
occur in a region of given area. 

seismograph ('mo-graf), n. an in- 
strument for recording the undula- 
tory motions, duration, and direction 
of an earthquake. Also seismome- 
ter, seismoscope. 

seismology ('o-ji), n. the scientific 
study of earthquakes. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SEIZABLE 



651 



SENATE 



sizable (sez'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being seized. 

seize # (sez), v.t. to take possession of 
forcibly or suddenly; grasp; snatch; 
take hold of; comprehend. 

seizin ('in), n. the act of taking pos- 
session; thing possessed; possession. 
Also seisin. 

seizor ('er), n. in law, one who takes 
possession. , 

seizure ('ur), n. the act of seizing; 
sudden attack, as of a disease. 

selah (sela), n. a Hebrew word used 
in the Psalms, supposed to indicate 
a pause. 

seldom (sel'dum), adv. rarely. 

select (se-lekf), adj. more valuable 
or excellent than others; chosen or 
picked out as more valuable than 
others; nicely chosen; choice; supe- 
rior: v.t. to take by preference from 
among others; choose. 

selection (-lek'shun), n. the act of 
selecting; the thing selected. 

selectman (-lekt'man), n. [pi. select- 
men ('men) ], one of a board of 
town officials concerned with its 
management, the enforcement of lo- 
cal laws, care of the poor, &c, 
elected annually in New England. 

selector ('er), n. one who selects. 

selenate (sel'e-nat), n. a salt of 
selenic acid. 

selenic (se-len'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
containing, or derived from, selenium. 

selenium (-le'ni-um), n. a non- 
metallic elementary substance, re- 
sembling lead. 

selenocentric (-le-no-sen'trik), adj. 
as seen or calculated from the center 
of the moon. 

selenograph ('no-graf), n. a map or 
delineation of the moon's surface. 

selenography (sel-e-nog'ra-fi), n. a 
description of the moon, its features, 
and phenomena; the art of delineat- 
ing the moon's surface. 

Seltzer water (selt'zer waw'ter), n. 
a mineral water, mildly stimulative. 

selvage (sel'vaj), n. the edge of cloth 
so closed by complicating the threads 



as to prevent raveling; woven bor- 
der. Selvedge. 

selvagee (-va-je'), n. a kind of skein 
of rope yarns, used for stoppers, &c. 

semaphore (sem'a-for), n. a tele- 
graphic apparatus for signaling by 
means of arms, lanterns, flags, &c. 

semblance ('blans), n. likeness; re- 
semblance; exterior; appearance. 

semen (se'men), n. sperm; seed of 
plants. 

semester (se-mes'ter), n. a period 
or term of six months. 

semi, prejix meaning half, partially. 

semibreve (sem'i-brev), n. a note 
equal to 4 crotchets. 

semicolon ('kol-on), n. a mark in 
punctuation (;). 

seminal ('i-nal), adj. pertaining to, 
containing, or consisting of seed; 
primary; radical; original. 

seminary (sem'i-na-ri), n. [pi. semi- 
naries (-riz) ], a place of education; 
school, academy, or college. 

semiped ('i-ped), n. a half-foot. 

semipedal (-al), adj. consisting of a 
half-foot. 

semi-Saxon (-sak'sun), adj. noting 
the language intermediate between 
Saxon and English 1150-1250. 

semi-tangent (-tan'jent), n. the tan- 
gent of half an arc. 

Semite (sem'it), n. one of the Semit- 
ic race; a descendant of Shem: adj. 
Semitic. 

Semitic (se-mit'ik), adj. pertaining 
to Shem, or to his descendants; not- 
ing, or belonging to, one of the great 
divisions of races and languages to 
which Hebrew, Phoenician, Arabic, 
Assyrian, &c, belong. 

sempstress (semp'stres), n. a woman 
who does needlework. 

sen (sen), n. a small Japanese coin. 

Senagalese (sen'a-gal'ez), n. native 
of a French colony in West Africa; 
a French soldier, native of Senegal 

senary (sen'a-ri), adj. of, or contain- 
ing, 6. 

Senate (sen'at), n. the upper house 
of Congress or of a State legisla- 
ture; the upper house of legislature 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SENATE 



652 



SENSUALITY 



in various countries; a body of el- 
ders, elected or appointed in ancient 
Rome from the nobility and invested 
with supreme legislative authority. 

senate (sen'at), n. an assembly or 
body of elders; a legislative body 
generally. 

senator ('a-ter), n. a member of a 
senate. 

senatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or befitting, a senator or a sen- 
ate; entitled to elect a senator. 

sendal (sen'dal), n. a light, thin silk 
stuff. 

senile (se'nil), adj. pertaining to, 
characteristic of, or occasioned by, 
old age. 

senility ('i-ti), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being senile; old age. 

senior (sen'yer), adj. prior in age, 
dignity, rank or office; elder: n. 
one older than another; one older in 
dignity, rank, or office; a student in 
the fourth or final year of his col- 
lege. 

seniority (-yor'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being senior. 

senna (sen'a), n. the dried leaves of 
several plants of the genus Cassia, 
used as a cathartic medicine. 

sennight ('it), n. the space of 7 
nights and days. 

sennit ('it), n. braided cordage. 

senor (sa/nyor'), n. a Spanish title 
of courtesy, equivalent to Mr. or 
Sir. Feminine seiiora. 

senorita (-nyo-rS'ta), n. a _ Spanish 
title of courtesy given to a young 
lady, equivalent to Miss; a young 
lady. 

sensate (sen 'sat), adj. perceived by 
or through the senses. 

sensation (-sa'shun), n. perception 
by the senses; an impression made 
on the mind or brain by the senses; 
spiritual or physical affections; state 
of excited feeling or interest, or its 
cause. 

sensationalism (-izm), n. sensa- 
tional writing or language; the phil- 
osophical doctrine that^ our ideas 
are the outcome of impressions 



originating solely in sensation and 
consist of sensations transformed. 

sense (sens), n. the faculty by which 
objects are perceived physically, or 
mentally; discernment; understand- 
ing; conviction; good mental capac- 
ity; correct judgment; opinion; 
meaning; signification; moral per- 
ception. 

sensibility (sen-si-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. 
sensibilities (-tiz) ]* the state or 
quality of being sensible; acuteness 
of perception or emotion; delicacy 
of feeling; capacity of being sensi- 
tive. Also sensibleness. 

sensible ('si-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing perceived by the senses or the 
mind; having moral perception; 
easily affected; delicate; judicious; 
reasonable; intelligent. 

sensitive ('si-tiv), adj. having keen 
sense or feeling; quickly and acute- 
ly alive to impressions from exter- 
nal objects; ^ easily affected or 
moved; pertaining to, or depending 
upon, sensation. 

sensitize (-tiz), v.t. to render sensi- 
tive; render capable of being acted 
upon by the actinic rays of the sun, 
X-rays, &c. 

sensorial (-so'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to the sensorium. Also sensory. 

sensorium (-um), n. the central seat 
of sensation or consciousness; the 
brain. 

sensual ('shu-al), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting .in, or affecting, the 
senses; not spiritual or intellectual; 
carnal; voluptuous; devoted to the 
indulgence of the passions or appe- 
tites. 

sensualism (-izm), n. sensuality; 
the philosophical doctrine that all 
ideas or operations of the under- 
standing have their origin in sensa- 
tion and are transformed sensations. 

sensualist (-ist), n. one who is sen- 
sual; a believer in the doctrine of 
sensualism. 

sensuality (-al'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being sensual; indulgence 
of the bodily appetites. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me merge, met 
book; hue, hut 



; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
: think, then. 



SENSUALIZE 



653 



SEPTFOIL 



sensualize ('shu-al-iz), v.t. to make 
sensual; debase by the indulgence of 
carnal gratifications. 

sensuous ('shu-us), adj. pertaining 
to, or addressed to, the senses; con- 
nected with sensible objects; full of 
passion. 

sentence ('tens), n. judgment, opin- 
ion, or decision; judgment pro- 
nounced by a court; series of words 
so arranged as to convey a complete 
thought, followed by a dot or full 
point: v.t. to condemn by judgment 
of a court. 

sententious (-ten'shus), adj. short 
and energetic; terse; comprising 
sentences; abounding in axioms or 
maxims. 

sentience ('shi-ens), n. the state or 
quality of being sentient. Also 
sentiency. 

sentient ('shi-ent), adj. having the 
faculty or faculties of sensation and 
perception. 

sentiment ('ti-ment), n. a thought 
prompted by passion or feeling; 
opinion; thought; feeling; sensibil- 
ity; prevailing feeling;, maxim; a 
toast; thought expressed in striking 
language; sentence or passage ex- 
pressive of some wish. 

sentimental (-men'tal), adj. having, 
expressing, or given to, sentiment; 
appealing to sentiment rather than 
reason; artificially or affectedly ten- 
der; romantic. 

sentinel ('ti-nel), n. one who watches 
or guards, especially a soldier on 
guard: v.t. to furnish with, or as 
with, a sentinel; watch over or 
guard. 

sentry ('tri), n. [pi. sentries ('triz) ], 
a sentinel, guard or watch. 

sepal (sep'al or se'pal), n. one of the 
leaf-like divisions of the calyx en- 
closing the corolla of a flower. 

separability (-a-ra-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being separable or divisi- 
ble. 

separable ('a-ra-bl), adj. capable of 
being separated or divided. 

separate ('a-rat), v.t. to part or di- 



vide; disunite; disconnect; set apart 
from a number for a particular pur- 
pose; withdraw: v.i. to part; be dis- 
united; withdraw from each other; 
adj. divided from the rest; discon- 
nected; not united; distinct. 

separation (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
separating; state of being sepa- 
rated; disconnection; legal disunion 
of married persons; repeal of a 
union between two or more coun- 
tries or states. 

separator ('a-ra-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, separates. 

sepia (se'pi-a), n. [pi. sepias (-az) ], 
the European cuttle-fish; a dark- 
brown pigment prepared from the 
black secretion or ink of the cuttle- 
fish. 

sepoy ('poi), n. [pi. sepoys ('poiz) ], 
an Indian native employed as a sol- 
dier in the British service in India. 

sepsis ('sis), n. infection by patho- 
genic bacteria; a putrefactive con- 
dition. 

sept (sept), a prefix meaning 7, as 
septangular: adj. having 7 angles. 

September (sep-tem'ber), n. ninth 
calendar month. In the Roman 
calendar it was the seventh month, 
therefore its name. 

septemvir _ ('ver), n. [pi. septemviri 
('vi-ri) ], in ancient Rome, one of 7 
men associated together in office. 

septenary ('te-na-ri), adj. consisting 
of, containing, or lasting 7 years. 

septenate (-nat), n. a period of 7 
years; the period during which the 
President of the French Republic 
holds office: adj. growing in sevens. 

septennial (-ten'i-al), adj. occurring 
once in, or containing, 7 yeais. 

septet (sep-tef), n. a musical com- 
position for 7 voices. Also septette. 

septfoil (sept 'foil), n. the plant tor- 
mentil; in architecture, an orna- 
mental foliation with 7 lobes ; a sym- 
bolical figure composed of 7 equal 
segments of a circle typical of the 7 
sacraments of the Roman Catholic 
Church. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SEPTI 



654 



SERF 



septi, a 'prefix meaning 7, as septi- 
lateral: adj. seven-sided. 

septic ('tik), adj. having the power 
to promote putrefaction: n. a sub- 
stance having such an effect^ 

septicemia, septicaemia (-ti-se'mi- 
a), n. blood-poisoning, caused by the 
absorption of septic matter into the 
circulation. Also septemia, septae- 
mia. 

septillion (-til'vim), n . in the French 
system of numeration, followed in 
the United States, a number ex- 
pressed by unity with 24 ciphers an- 
nexed; in the English system, a 
number expressed by unity with 42 
ciphers annexed. 

septuagenarian (-tti-a-j e-na/ri-an) , 
n. a person 70 years old. 

septuagenary (-aj'e-na-ri), adj. con- 
sisting of 70: n. the number 70. 

Septuagesima (-a-jes'i-ma), n. the 
3rd Sunday before Lent. 

septuple ('tu-pl), adj. sevenfold. 

sepulchral (se-pul'kral), adj. per- 
taining to a sepulcher, or to monu- 
ments erected to the dead; deep, 
grave, or hollow toned. 

sepulcher, sepulchre (sep'ul-ker), 
n. a grave or tomb; place of burial: 
v.t. to bury; entomb. 

sepulture ('ul-tur), n. burial. 

sequel (se'kwel), n. succeeding part or 
result ;- continuation ; consequence . 

sequence ('kwens), n. order of suc- 
cession; series; result; suit of cards 
in the same order; regular alternate 
succession of similar chords. 

sequent ('kwent), adj. following; 
consequent: n. a sequence. 

sequester (-kwes'ter), v.t. to sepa- 
rate from the owner for a time; 
take possession of the "property of 
another until some claim is paid or 
established; withdraw; seclude: v.i. 
to renounce, as a widow any interest 
in the estate of a husband. Also 
sequestrate. 

sequestration (-tra'shun), n. the 
act of sequestering, especially the 
act of seizing property by the State 
during dispute or for the benefit of 



creditors; the collecting of the fruits 
of a benefice during a vacancy for 
the use of the next incumbent; re- 
tirement; seclusion. 

sequestrator (sek'wes-tr^-ter), n. one 
who sequesters property or takes 
possession of it for a time. 

Sequoia (se-kwoi'a), n. a genus of 
gigantic trees of the cypress family, 
comprising the redwood and "big 
tree" of California. 

seraglio (se-ral'yo), n. the palace of 
the Sultan of Turkey at Constanti- 
nople, especially that part where the 
women are kept; a harem. 

serai (se-ra'i), n. in the East, a palace; 
seraglio; caravansary or inn. 

serape (sa-ra'pa), n. a Mexican 
blanket or shawl worn by men. 

seraph (ser'af), n. [pi. seraphs, sera- 
phim ('afs, -im) ], an angel of the 
highest order. 

seraphic (se-raf'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, composed of, or like, seraohs: 
sublime; angelic. 

seraphine (ser'It-fen), n. a kind of 
small harmonium. 

Serbonian , (ser-bo'ni-an), adj. not- 
ing the lake or bog of Serbonis in 
ancient Egypt, which appeared like 
solid land, but engulfed those who 
ventured upon it: hence pertaining 
to any difficulty or complication from 
which there is no way of extrication. 

sere (ser), adj. dry; wiltered [poet.]. 

serein (se-rang'), n. fine rain that 
falls from a clear sky. 

serenade (ser'e-nad), n. evening mu- 
sic in the open air; music sung or 
played by a lover in a spirit of gal- 
lantry under the window of a lady; 
piece of music for such an occasion: 
v.t. to entertain with a serenade. 

serene (se-ren'), adj. clear and calm; 
unclouded; placid; unruffled. 

serenity (-ren'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being serene; calmness of 
mind; equanimity of temper; cool- 
ness, composure. Also sereneness. 

serf (serf), n. the lowest class of 
servants or slaves in the Middle 
Ages, who were attached to the land 



ate, arm, 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note north, not; boon; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SERFAGE 



655 



SERVITUDE 



and transferred with it; a villein or 
feudal slave; formerly in Russia, 
one of the peasant class. 

serfage ('aj), n. the state or condi- 
tion of a serf . Also serfdom; serfism. 

serge (serj), n. a twilled woolen stuff. 

sergeancy (sar'j en-si), n. the office 
of a sergeant. Also sergeantcy, ser- 
geantship. 

sergeant ('jent), n. a non-commis- 
sioned officer ranking next above a 
corporal. 

sergeant-major (-ma'jer), n. a war- 
rant officer who is attached to each 
company or troop and assists the 
adjutant. 

serial (se'ri-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or consisting of, a series; published 
in successive parts or numbers: n. a 
periodical; tale issued in parts. 

seriatim (-a'tim), adv. in regular 
order. 

sericeous (se-rish/us), adj. silky. 

sericulture (ser'i-kul-tur), n. the 
culture of silkworms. 

series (se'rez), n. a number of things 
or events standing or succeeding in 
order, and connected by a like rela- 
tion; sequence; an infinite number 
of terms in succession, increasing or 
diminishing in a certain ratio. 

serio-comic (se-ri-o-kom'ik),*' adj. 
having a mixture of seriousness and 
comicality. 

serious ('ri-us), adj. grave in manner 
or disposition ; in earnest ; not trifling ; 
religious; solemn. 

sermon (ser'mun), n. a discourse on 
a text of Scripture; homily; serious 
exhortation. 

sermonize (-iz), v.i. to compose or 
write a sermon; preach: v.t. to 
preach a sermon to. 

serosity (se-ros'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being serous; the thin 
watery fluid part of the blood exud- 
ing from serum. 

serous ('rus), adj. pertaining to 
serum; thin, watery. 

serpent (ser'pent), n. a reptile of the 
order Ophidia, with a very long 
body without feet, and moving by 



contractions and undulations of the 
body; a bass wind instrument; a 
kind of firework; a subtle, treacher- 
ous, malicious person. 

serpentine ('pen-tin), adj. pertain- 
ing to, like, or having the qualities 
of, a serpent; moving or winding 
like a serpent; zigzag; subtle: n. a 
rock composed of a hydrated silicate 
of magnesia, susceptible of a fine 
polish. 

serrate (ser'at), adj. notched on the 
edge like a saw. Also serrated. 

serried .('id), adj. crowded; pressed 
together. 

serum (se'rum), n. the thin yellowish 
watery fluid secreted by the serous 
membranes. 

serumtherapy (se-rum-ther'a-pi), n. 
a treatment of contagious diseases 
by means of inoculation with an 
attenuated serum from the blood of 
animals. 

serval (ser'val), n. the African bush 
or tiger-cat, having a valuable fur. 

servant ('vant), n. one who serves, 
or is in the service of another; a 
domestic; subordinate; an expres- 
sion of civility. 

service (ser'vis), n. the condition or 
occupation of a servant; duty re- 
quired or performed in any office; 
naval or military duty; spiritual 
obedience and reverence; course of 
dishes at table; waiting at table; 
labor, assistance, or kindness to 
another; number of conveyances 
plying between places; musical com- 
position for devotional use; profes- 
sion of respect. 

serviceable ('vis-a-bl), adj. useful; 
beneficial. 

servile ('vil or 'vil), adj. pertaining 
to, characteristic of, or befitting, a 
slave or servant; meanly submissive 
or obsequious; cringing; fawning; 
not belonging to the original root; 
not sounded: said of a letter. 

servility (-vil'i-ti), n. mean submis- 
sion or obsequiousness: baseness. 
Servileness. 

servitude ('vi-tud), n. the condition 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SESAME 



656 



SEWERAGE 



of a servant or slave; state of slavish 
dependence; bondage. 

sesame (ses'a-me), n. a plant yield- 
ing flat seeds from which an oil is 
expressed. 

sesamoid bones ('a-moid bonz), 
n.pl. small bones formed at the ar- 
ticulation of the great toes, fingers, 
&c. 

sesqui, a prefix meaning a whole and 
a half, as sesgmoxide, an oxide con- 
taining 3 atoms of oxygen and 2 
atoms of a metal. 

sessile ('il), adj. without a foot-stalk. 

session (sesh'un), n. the actual sit- 
ting or assembling of a court, coun- 
cil, or legislative body; the time 
between the first meeting and the 
prorogation, dissolution, or final 
adjournment of a parliament, con- 
gress, or legislature. 

Sessional (-II), adj. pertaining to a 
session, especially of an ecclesiastical 
court. 

sesterce (ses'ters), n. an ancient 
Roman coin, value about 4 cents. 

sestertium (-ter-shi-um), n. a sum 
of 1,000 sesterces. 

sestet ('tet), n. the last 6 lines of the 
second division of a sonnet. 

settee (-te'), n. a long seat with a 
back for several persons; a Medi- 
terranean single-decked vessel with 
a very long, sharp prow, and lateen 
sails. 

setter ('er), n. one who, or that 
which sets; a species of hunting-dog. 

setting ('ing), n. the act of one who, 
or that which, sets; direction of a 
current of wind; that which sets or 
holds, as the mounting of a jewel; 
hardening. 

settle (set'l), v.t. to place or set in a 
fixed state; establish; cause to sink 
or subdue; free from uncertainty; 
compose; fix by a legal act; liqui- 
date; pay; clear of dregs; make pure 
or clear; colonize: v.i. to become 
fixed, stationary, or permanent; 
descend or stop; grow calm or clear; 
sink to the bottom, or by its own 
weight; cease from agitation; adjust 



differences or accounts; marry and 
establish a home. 

settlement (-ment), n. the act or 
state of being settled; establishment 
in life, business, condition; jointure 
granted to a wife; liquidation, pay- 
ment, or adjustment; subsidence; a 
colony newly settled; legal residence. 

settler ('ler), n. a colonist; some- 
thing that finally settles or decides 
a contest. 

set-to (too'), n. a contest in boxing; 
argument. 

seven-up (-up'), n. a card game. 

sever (sev'er), v.t. to divide or sep- 
arate with violence; cut open or 
through; keep distinct or apart: 
v.i. to make a separation or dis- 
tinction; be rent asunder; part; 
distinguish. 

several (-al), adj. distinct; separate; 
consisting of a number more than 
two, but not many; different; vari- 
ous. 

severalty (-ti), a state of separation 
from the rest, or from all others. 

severance (-ans), n. the act of sever- 
ing; the state of being severed; 
separation; partition. 

severe (se-veV), adj. strictly adher- 
ing to rule; strict; austere; rigid; 
harsh; grave; serious; inclement; 
inflexible; painful; critical. 

severity (-ver'i-ti), n. [pi. severities 
(-tiz) ], the quality of being severe; 
harshness; rigor; gravity; exact- 
ness; strictness; inclemency. 

Sevres (sa/vr), n. a highly glazed 
china or porcelain manufactured at 
Sevres, France. 

sew (so), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sewed or 
sewn, p.pr. sewing], to unite or 
fasten together with a needle and 
thread: v.i. to practice sewing. 

sewage (sti'aj), n. the foul matter 
carried off by a sewer., 

sewer ('er), n. a pipe or channel to 
carry off the used or surface water 
and foul matter of a town, &c; 
(so'er), one who sews. 

sewerage (-aj), n. drainage by sew- 



Rte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge,'' met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






SEX 



657 



SHAGREEN 



ers; the system of sewers of a town, tinguishing, sex; pertaining to the 

&c. organs of generation. 

sex, a prefix meaning six, as sexen- sexuality (-al'i-ti), n. the state or 

nial, adj. occurring once in, or last- quality of being _ distinguished by 

ing, six years. sex. 

sex (seks), n. the physical distinction shabby ('i), adj. [comp. shabbier, 

between male and female; one of superl. shabbiest], threadbare or 

the two divisions of animals and worn, as clothes; mean in appear- 



plants, based on such distinction; 

women in general (with the). 
sexagenarian (-a-je-na'ri-an), n. 

one who is sixty years old. 
Sexagesima (-a-jes'i-ma), n. the 

second Sunday before Lent. 



ance or conduct; despicable. 

shack (shak), n. shabby old house; 
hut; log cabin. 

shack (shak), n. liberty of winter 
pasturage from harvest to seed- 
time; a tramp. 



sexenary ('e-na-ri), . adj. proceeding shackle (shak'l), n. anything that 



confines the hands or legs or ob- 
structs free action, as gyves; fet- 
ters; handcuffs; the bar of a pad- 
lock: v.t. to fetter; embarrass or 
hinder; unite or fasten with a 
shackle. 
shad (shad), n. an anadromous fish, 
valued as food, 
yiary, the office for the sixth canon- shading ('ing), n. the act of making 
ical hour. a shade; representation of light and 

sextain (seks'tan), n. a six-lined shade. 

stanza. shadowing (-ing), n. shading. 

sextant ('tant), n. the sixth part of shadowy ('i), adj. full of, or caus- 
a circle; an instrument for measur- ing, shade or shadows; sheltered 
ing angular distances between ob- from light or heat; dim; unreal; 



by sixes. 

sex-hygiene (-hi-jen'), n. the conser- 
vation of functions peculiar to each 
sex, especially those concerning the 
birth of children. See eugenics. 

sexlocular (-lok'u-lar), adj. six- 
celled. 

sext (sekst), n. in the Roman Bre- 



jects, used especially at sea for de- 
termining latitude and longitude. 

sextile ('til), adj. noting the aspect 
or position of two planets when 
distant from each other 60°. 

sextillion (-til'yun), n. in the 
French system of enumeration, fol- 

I lowed in the United States, the 7th 

I power of a thousand = 1 with 21 

. ciphers annexed; in the English 

system, a million raised to the 6th 

power = 1 with 36 ciphers annexed. 



sexto (to), 



[pi. sextos ('toz) ], 



a book consisting of sheets each of 
which is folded into six leaves. 

sexton ('tun), n. an inferior official 
of a church whose duty it is to at- 
tend to burials, the church, &c. 
Fern, sextoness. 

sextuple ('tfi-pl), adj. sixfold. 

sexual ('u-al), adj. pertaining to, 
characteristic of, based on, or dis- 



typical. 

shady (shad'i), adj. [comp. shadier, 
superl. shadiest], abounding in, or 
causing, shade; sheltered from the 
glare of light or heat; pertaining to 
darkness; dubious; equivocal. 

shaft (shaft), n. an arrow; anything 
resembling an arrow; the long nar- 
row entrance to a mine; carriage- 
pole; handle; part of a chimney; 
body of a column between the base 
and the capital. 

shafting ('ing), n. a system of 
shafts for transmitting power. 

shag (shag), n. a kind of tobacco; 
rough, wooly hair; a bushy mass. 

shaggy ('i), adj. rough with long 
hair or wool; rough; rugged. 

shagreen (sha-gren'), n. the skins 
of various animals, as horses, don- 
keys, prepared without tanning, and 
grained to resemble the skins of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



1 



SHAH 



658 



SHEAF 



sharks; the rough skin of sharks 
and dogfishes prepared as leather: 
adj. made of shagreen. 

shah (sha), n. the sovereign of Per- 
sia. 

shakedown ('doun), n. a temporary 
bed. 

shaken ('n), p. adj. agitated; cracked 
or split. 

Shaker ('er), n. one of a religious 
communistic sect that practices 
dancing in worship. Fern. Shakeress. 

Shakespearean (shak-sper'e-an), adj. 
pertaining to, resembling, or char- 
acteristic of, Shakespeare or his 
works. Also Shakespearian, Shak- 
spearian. 

shakiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being shaky. 

shako (shak'o), n. a kind of military 
cap. 

shaky (shak'i), adj. [comp. shakier, 
superl. shakiest], in a shaking con- 
dition; feeble; full of cracks; un- 
sound. 

shale (shal), n. a husk; a laminated 

. argillaceous rock. 

shalloon (-oon'), n. a kind of twilled 
worsted stuff. 

shallop ('op), n. a schooner-rigged 
two-masted boat; a small boat or 
canoe. 

shallot ( r ot), n. the eschalot. 

shallow ('o), adj. having little depth; 
not profound; superficial; trifling; 
a flat place where the water is not 
deep; shoal: v.i. to become shallow. 

sham (sham), n. a trick, fraud, or 
make-belie ve ; imposture . 

shamble (sham'bl), v.i. to walk 
awkwardly and unsteadily; shuffle: 
n.pl. a slaughter-house; meat-mar- 
ket. 

shambling ('bling), n - an awkward, 
unsteady pace. 

shamefaced ('fast), adj. bashful. 

shameful ('fool), adj. causing shame; 
disgraceful; indecent. 

shammer (sham'er), n. one who 
shams. 

shammy ('i), n. chamois. 

shampoo (-poo'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 



shampooed, p.pr. shampooing], to 
rub and press (the limbs and joints) 
after a hot bath; to cleanse and 
rub (the head'* with soap, &c. : n. 
the act of shampooing. 

shamrock ('rok), n. a trefoil clover 
plant: the Irish national emblem. 

shanghai (shang'hi), n. a breed of 
poultry: v.t. to drug or stupefy a 
sailor, shipping him on a voyage 
without his consent. 

shank (shangk), n. the leg from the 
knee to the ankle; long part of any 
instrument; body of a type. 

shanty (shan'ti), n. a rude hut. 

shapable (shap'a-bl), adj. that may 
be shaped; shapely. 

shapely ('li), adj. well-formed; sym- 
metrical; comely. 

shard (shard), n. a potsherd. 

share (shar), n. a portion or part; 
part allotted or belonging to one; 
dividend; plowshare: v.t. to part 
among two or more; divide; take or 
possess in common; partake of or 
use with others : v.i. to have a share 
or part. 

sharebroker ('bro-ker), n. one who 
deals in railway or other shares. 

shark (shark), n. sl large voracious 
fish with sharp teeth; a rapacious, 
artful fellow. 

sharper ('er), n. a cheat; swindler. 

shatter (shat'er), v.t. to break into 
many pieces at once; crack or rend; 
overthrow; dissipate: k.pl. broken 
fragments. 

shaver- ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, shaves; a barber; a young- 
ster. 

shawl (shawl), n. a square cloth of 
various materials used as a loose 
outer covering for the shoulders, 
&c: v.t. to cover or wrap with a 
shawl. 

shawm (shawm), n. an ancient wind 
instrument. • 

shea (she'a), n. a tropical tree yield- 
ing a kind of butter or solid oil. 

sheaf (shef), n. [pi. sheaves (shevz) ], 
a quantity of grain bound together; 
a bundle; number of arrows suffi- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SHEAR 



659 



SHILLING 



cient to fill a quiverf v.t. to gather 
or bind into sheaves. . 

shear (sher), v.t. [p.t. sheared, p.p. 
sheared or shorn, p.pr. shearing], to 
cut or clip, especially with shears; 
reap: v.i. to use shears: n.pl. a 
cutting instrument operating like 
scissors, but larger; an apparatus 
for raising heavy weights. 

shear-steel ('stel), n. a kind of fine 
steel, specially tempered, &c. 

sheath (sheth), n. a scabbard; any- 
sheath-like covering. 

sheathe {sheth), v.t. to put into a 
sheath or scabbard; case with a 
protecting covering. 

sheave (shev), n. a grooved wheel 
in a block or pulley over which the 
rope runs. 

Shechinah (she-ki-na.), n. the visible 
presence of Jehovah manifested 
from the mercy-seat and reflected 
from the overshadowing cherubim. 
Also Shekinah. 

sheen (shen), n. brightness; splen- 
dor: adj. bright; glittering. Also 
sheeny: v.i. to shine or glisten. 

sheer (sher), adj. pure; unmixed; 
very thin or transparent; precipi- 
tous: v.i. to deviate from the proper 
course. 

sheers. Same as shears. 

sheet (shet), n. a large thin slice of 
anything; broad piece of linen to 
cover a bed; broad piece of paper; 
letter; newspaper; broad expanse 
or surface; rope attached to a sail 
to extend it; open space in the bow 
\ or stern of a boat. 

sheik (shek, or shale) > n - tne nea d of 
a Bedouin family, tribe, or clan. 

shekel (shek'el), n. an ancient Jewish 
coin or weight: pi. money. 

Shekinah. Same as Shechinah. 

sheldrake (shel'drak), n. a kind of 
duck. Fern, shelduck. 

shellac (-ak'), n. crude resin lac 
melted and formed into thin plates. 

shelter ('ter), n. that which protects 
or shields; security; asylum; har- 
bor; defense; protector: v.t. to 
protect or shield from injury or vio- 



lence; conceal: v.i. to take or give 

, shelter, 

sheltie ('ti), n. a Shetland pony. 

shelve (shelv), v.t. to place on a 
shelf; furnish with a shelf; dismiss 
from service, or postpone indefinite- 
ly: v.i. to incline gradually; slope. 

Sheol (she'ol), n. among the Hebrews 
the place of departed spirits; Hades. 

shepherd (shep'erd), n. one who 
tends sheep; a pastor. Fern, shep- 
heidess: v.t. to tend as a shepherd. 

sherbet (sher'bet), n. a cooling bev- 
erage of water and fruit juices 

, sweetened, &c. 

sherd (sherd), n. a fragment. 

sheriff ('if), n. the chief executive 
officer of a shire or county. 

sheriffalty (-al-ti), n. the office or 
jurisdiction of a sheriff. 

sherry ('i), n. a dry amber-colored 
wine, originally obtained from 
Xeres, Spain. 

shew. Same as show. 

shibboleth (shib'o-leth), n. a word 
which was made the criterion to dis- 
tinguish the Ephraimites from the 
Gileadites, the former not being 
able to pronounce sh (Judges xii.); 
hence the criterion of a party. 

shied, p.t. & p.p. of shy. 

shield (sheld), n. a broad piece of 
defensive armor, carried on the left 
arm; defense or protection; an es- 
cutcheon: v.t. to protect with, or as 
with, a shield; ward off or avert. 

shift (shift), n. a turning from one 
thing to another; change; substitu- 
tion; chemise: v.t. to change the 
place of; dress in fresh clothes: v.i. 
resort to expedients; to alter or 
change. 

shiftless ('les), adj. destitute of ex- 
pedients; having no means of liveli- 
hood; lazy; improvident. 

shifty ('i), adj. full of expedients; 
changeable. 

shillalah (shil-a'la), n. an oaken 
cudgel. Also shillelah, shillelagh 
[Irishl. 

shilling ('ing), n. a silver British 
coin, value about 24 cents. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SHILLY-SHALLY 



660 



SHREW 



shilly-shally ('i-shal'i), adv. in an 
irresolute, undecided manner: v.i. 
to hesitate; act irresolutely. 

Shiloh (shi'lo), n. the Messiah [He- 
brew]. 

shimmer (shim'er), v.t. to shine un- 
steadily or tremulously; flicker: n. 
a tremulous gleam; flicker. 

shimose (shi'mos), n. Japanese ex- 
plosive for projectiles. 

shindy ('di), n. an uproar; spree; 
fancy. 

shiner ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, shines; the dace; a gold coin. 

shingle (shing'gl), n. a thin piece of 
wood used for roofing; coarse, round, 
water-worn gravel: pi. & cutaneous 
disease which spreads round the 
body like a belt: v.t. to cover or roof 
with shingles. 

shining (shin 'ing), adj. emitting light; 
radiant; eminent; distinguished. 



Shintoism (shin'to-izm), n. the na- 
tive religion of Japan, a system of 
nature and ancestor worship, asso- 
ciated with which is the peculiar 
reverence paid to the Mikado. Also 
Shinto. 

shinty ('ti), n. hockey; the club used 
in playing it [Scotch]. 

shiny (shin'i), adj. [comp. shinier, 
superl. shiniest], diffusing light; 
bright. 

ship, a suffix meaning office, state, 
dignity, art, or skill, as lordship, 
horsemans/iip. 

shipboard ('bord), n. the deck of a 
ship. 

shipshape ('shap), adj. in good order 
adv. neatly. 

shirk (sherk), v.t. to avoid; get out 
of; sneak away from. 

shivaree . (shiv'-a-re), n. a noisy 
celebration of a wedding; a vulgar, 
ear-splitting reception of a bride 
and groom. [Seeivicha a.]r 

shocker (shok'er), n. one who, or 
that which, shocks; cheap sensa- 
tional novel. 

shocking ('ing), adj. causing to 



shake or tremble; extremely offen- 
sive or disgusting. 

shod, p.t. of shoe. 

shoddy (shod'i), n. the wool of old 
woolen fabrics torn to pieces and 
remade with an admixture of fresh 
wool into new cloth: adj. made of 
shoddy; not genuine; sham. 

shoe (shoo), n. [pi. shoes (shooz) ], 
a low covering for the foot, usually 
of leather; a horseshoe; anything 
in the shape of a shoe: v.t. [p.t.& 
p.p. shod, p.pr. shoeing], to furnish 
with a shoe or shoes; tip. 

shone, p.t. & p.p. of shine. 

shoplifting ('lift-ing), n. stealing 
goods from a shop. 

shoring ('ing), n. the act of support- 
ing or strengthening by a shore; 
props collectively. 

shorn, p.t. of shear. 

short-circuit (short-ser'-kit), v.t. to 
shut or break off an electric current 
before it has completed its course: 
n. a severed electric current. 

shorten ('n), v.t. to make short or 
shorter in time, extent, or measure. 

shorthand ('hand), n. a system of 
writing by abbreviated symbols. 

shortly ('li), adv. soon; quickly; 
curtly. 

shot-silk ('silk), n. a silk fabric hav- 
ing the warp and weft of two colors, 
thus presenting changeable tints. 

shower (shou'er), n. a fall of rain or 
hail of short duration; copious fall 
or supply of anything: v.t. to water 
copiously with rain; bestow liberally: 
v.i. to rain in showers. 

showily (sho'i-li), adv. in a showy 
manner. 

showy ('i), adj. ostentatious; gay. 

shrank, p.t. of shrink. 

shrapnel-shell (shrap'nel-shel), n. 
a projectile filled with bullets and a 
bursting charge. 

shred (shred), n. a long narrow piece 
torn or cut off; piece or fragment: 
v.t. to tear into small pieces. 

shrew (shroo), n. a scolding, vexa- 
tious woman; a small, insectivorous, 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SHREWD 



661 



SIBILANCE 



burrowing animal, resembling a 
mouse. 

shrewd (shrood), adj. sharp-witted or 
clever in practical affairs; of nice 
discernment; sagacious; sly; astute. 

shrewish (shroo'ish), adj. like a 
shrew. 

shriek (shrek), v.i. to utter a shriek: 
n. a sharp, shrill outcry. 

shrievalty (shrev'al-ti), n. the office 
or jurisdiction of a sheriff. Also 
shrivalty. 

shrift (shrift), n. confession to a 
priest; absolution. 

shrike (shrik), n. a bird that preys 
on small birds and insects and im- 
pales them on thorns to eat them 
conveniently; the butcher-bird. 

shrill (shril), adj. sharp and pierc- 
ing in tone: v.i. to utter an acute, 
piercing sound. 

shrimp < (shrimp), n. a small shell- 
fish allied to the lobster; anything 
very small of its kind; a dwarf. 

shrine (shrin), n. a case or recepta- 
cle in which sacred relics are de- 
posited; any sacred place or hal- 
lowed object; an altar: v.t. to place 
in a shrine. 

shrink (shringk), v.i. [p.t. shrank, 
p.p. shrunk, p.pr. shrinking], to 
contract spontaneously; become 
wrinkled; withdraw; recoil: v.t. to 
cause to contract: n. contraction; 
withdrawal. 

shrinkage ('aj), n. the act of shrink- 
' ing; contraction; decrease in value. 

shrive (shriv), v.t. [p.t. shrived or 
shrove, p.p. shriven, p.pr. shriving], 
to confess and absolve: vd. to re- 
ceive confession. 

shrivel (shriv'l), v.i. to be drawn 
into wrinkles; contract: v.t. to 
cause to contract into wrinkles. 

shroud (shroud), n. a winding sheet 
or covering for the dead; anything 
that covers or conceals : pi. a set of 
large ropes supporting the masts: 
v.t. to cover with, or as with, a 
shroud; conceal. 

shrove, p.t. of shrive. 

Shrove Tuesday (shrov tuz'da), n. 



the Tuesday next before Ash Wed 
nesday. 

shrub (shrub), n. a woody plant of 
less size than a tree; a kind of 
beverage of lemon juice, spirit, &c. 

shrubbery ('er-i), n. [pi. shrubber- 
ies (-iz) ], a collection of shrubs; 
plantation of shrubs. 

shrug (shrug), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. shrugged, 
p.pr. shrugging], to contract or draw 
up (the shoulders) to express doubt, 
contempt, dislike, &c: v.i. to raise 
the shoulders: n. a raising or con- 
tracting of the shoulders. 

shrunken (shrungk'en), " p. adj. 
shriveled up. 

shuck (shuck), n. a shell or husk: 
v.t. to deprive of shells or husks. # 

shudder (shud'er), n. a trembling 
with fear or horror; cold shivering: 
v.i. to feel a cold tremor from fear 
or horror; quake. 

shuffle (shuf'l), v.t. to push from one 
to another; change the relative po- 
sitions of: v.i. to change the order 
of cards in a pack; evade fair ques- 
tions; prevaricate; drag the feet in 
walking or dancing: n. the act of 
shuffling; artifice or evasion; slov- 
enly, irregular gait. 

shunt (shunt), v.t. to turn off, on, 
or as on, a side rail: v.i. to be 
turned aside: n. a turning off to a 
side rail; a short side rail. 

shutter ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, shuts; a movable screen for 
a window. 

shuttle ('1), n. an instrument used 
in weaving; sliding thread-holder 
in a sewing machine. 

shuttlecock (-kok), n. a cork stuck 
with feathers and driven with a 
battledore. 

shyster ('ster), n. one who carries 
on legal business in a mean and 
tricky manner. 

si (se), the seventh note of the scale 
[music]. 

Siamese (si-a-mez'), adj. pertaining 
to Siam, its language, or inhabitants. 

sibilance (sib'i-lans), n. the state or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SIBILANT 



662 



SIGNIORY 



quality of being sibilant. Also sib- 
ilancy. 

sibilant ('i-lant), adj. making, or 
uttering, a hissing sound: n. a sibi- 
lant letter, as s, z. 

sibilation (-la'shun), n. utterance 
with a hissing sound. 

sibyl ('il), n. a woman endowed with 
a spirit of prophecy. 

sibylline (-in), adj. pertaining to, 
uttered, or written by, a sibyl. 

sic (sik), adj. such [Scotch]: adv. 
thus [Latin]. 

siccative ('a-tiv), adj. drying. 

sice (sis), n. the number 6 at dice. 

sickening (-ing), adj. making sick; 
disgusting; nauseating. 

sickly ('10, adj. ailing; weak; ha- 
bitually indisposed; producing dis- 
ease. 

sideboard ('bord), n. a piece of din- 
ing-room furniture for holding din- 
ing utensils. 

side-chain theory (sid'chan the'o-ri) 
n. the theory of immunity to disease 
advanced by Ehrlich, growing out 
of the theory of side-chains of atoms 
in the chemistry of the protein 
molecule. 

sidelong ('long), adv. obliquely: adj. 
lateral. 

sidereal (si-de're-M), adj. pertaining 
to the stars; astral; measured by 
the apparent motion of the stars. 

sidereal year (yer), n. the time oc- 
cupied by the earth in completing 
its revolution round the sun. 

side-wheel (sid'hwel), n. a paddle 
wheel at the side of a steamboat. 

siding ('ing), n. a railroad track by 
the side of the main track, for 
: adj. taking sides. 
to go or move side 



switching, &c 
sidle ('1), v.i. 

foremost. 
siege (sej), n. 

investing of a 



the surrounding and 
place by an army to 
compel its surrender; continued en- 
deavor to obtain possession; floor of 
a glass furnace: v.t. to besiege. 
sienna (si-en'a), n. red or brown 
clay obtained from Sienna, Italy: 
used as a pigment. 



sierra (se-er'a), n. a chain of moun- 
tains with serrated ridges. 

siesta (-es'tlt), n. midday or after- 
dinner nap. 

sieve (siv), n. a utensil for separat- 
ing the finer from the coarser parts 
of a substance. 

siffleur (si-fler'), n. a professional 
whistler. Fern, sifneuse. 

sift (sift), v.t. to separate with, or 
as with, a sieve; scrutinize. 

sigmoid (sig'moid), adj. curved like 
the letter s. 

sign (sin), n. a mark, token, or sym- 
bol; that by which anything is 
known or represented; visible rep- 
resentation; memorial; indication; 
the twelfth part of the zodiac. 

signal (sig'nal), n. a sign for giving 
notice, especially at a distance; 
something to attract the eye or ear: 
adj. memorable; distinguished; re- 
markable; pertaining to signals: 
v.t. to convey by signals; make sig- 
nals to. 

signatory ('na-to-ri), adj. signing; 
n. one who signs or subscribes, es- 
pecially for a state. 

signature ('na-tur), n. name of a 
person written by himself; sign- 
manual; mark or stamp impressed: 
flats or sharps after the clef to in- 
dicate the key [music]. 

signet (sig'net), n. a seal, especially 
that used by a sovereign in sealing 
documents under sign-manual. 

significance (-nif'i-kans), n. mean- 
ing or import; consequence. Also 
significancy. 

significant (-kant), adj. designed or 
adapted to signify; expressive or 
suggestive; important: n. a token 
or symbol. 

signification (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of signifying; that which is signi- 
fied; meaning. 

signify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sig- 
nified, p.pr. signifying], to show by 
a sign, mark, or token; denote; 
make known; involve; manifest: 
v.i. to be of consequence. 

signiory (sen'yor-i), n. dominion; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, thQn, 



SIGN-MANUAL 



663 



SINE 



lordship; estate; aristocracy [Ital- 
ian]. 

sign-manual (sm'man-u-al), n. a 
signature, especially a royal signa- 
ture. 

signor (sen'yor), n. sir [Italian]. 
Also signior. Fern, signora. 

signorina (-e'na), n. Miss [Italian]. 

Sikh (sek), n. one of a warlike race 
inhabiting the Punjab. 

silage. Same as ensilage. 

silence (si'lens), n. entire absence 
of sound; having no sound; taci- 
turnity; obscurity: oblivion: v.t. 
to make silent; reduce to silence by 
irrefutable arguments; cause to 
cease firing; restrain from the ex- 
ercise of any function, especially 
preaching. 

silex (si'heks), n. flint. 

silhouette (sil-oo-ef), n. the out- 
line or profile filed in with black: 
v.t. to represent by a silhouette. 

silicic (si-lis'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
derived from, compounded with, or 
like, silica. 

silico, a 'prefix denoting the presence 
of silicon, as si^cofluoride. 

sill (sil), n. the foundation of any- 
thing in timber or stone, especially 
a timber at the bottom of a door or 
window; a young herring. 

sillibub ('i-bub), n. a mixture of 
cream, wine, or cider, forming a 
soft curd. Also sillabub; syllabub. 

sillily ('i-li), adv. foolishly. 

silliness, ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being silly. 

silo (si'lo), n. a store pit for green 
fodder, potatoes, &c. 

silt (silt), n. mud or sand deposited 
by running or standing water: v.t. 
to fill up or obstruct with silt: v.i. 
to percolate. 

silurian (si-lii'ri-an), adj. referring to 
a division of the Paleozoic age, or 
age of invertebrates. 

simian (sim'i-an), adj. pertaining to, 
characteristic of, or like an ape: n. 
an ape or monkey. 

similar ('i-lar), adj. having a gen- 



eral likeness or correspondence; 
alike. 

similarity ('i-ti), n. resemblance. 

simile ('i-le), n. [pi. similies (-lez)], 
a likening by comparison to illus- 
trate something. 

simmer ('er), v.t. & v.i. to boil gently. ■ 

simony (sim'o-ni), n. the act or 
crime of buying or selling ecclesias- 
tical preferment; corrupt presenta- 
tion of any one to a benefice: from 
Simon Magus, Acts viii., 18. 

simoom (si-moom'), n. a hot, dry, 
suffocating wind which blows from 
the deserts of Arabia, &c, laden 
with minute particles of sand. Also 
simoon. 

simous (si'mus), adj. having a flat 
or snub nose. 

simper (sim'per), v.i. to smile in an 
affected or silly manner: n. affected 
or silly smile. 

simpleton (-tun), n. one who is 
foolish or of weak intellect. 

simplicity (-plis'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being simple; artlessness 
of mind; freedom from duplicity; 
absence of excessive, or artificial 
ornament; clearness; innocence; 
folly. 

simulate ('u-lat), v.t. to pretend or 
counterfeit; assume the likeness of. 

simulation (-la/shun), n. the act of 
simulating or feigning that which 
is not true. 

simultaneous (-ul-ta/ne-us), adj. 
happening, done, or existing at the 
same time. 

Sinaitic (sl-na-it'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or given at, Mt. Sinai. 

sinapism (sin'a-pizm), n. a mustard 
plaster. 

sincere (sin-ser'), adj. true; hon- 
est; not falsely assumed; genuine; 
frank ; upright ; ^ pure . 

sincerity (-ser'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being sincere; freedom 
from hypocrisy or pretense. Also 
sincereness. 

sine (sin), n. a straight line drawn 
from one extremity of the arc of a 
circle perpendicular to the diameter 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






SINECURE 



664 



SISYPHEAN 



passing through the other extremity : 
a prefix meaning without, as sine- 
cure (sin'e-kur), any office or posi- 
tion for which pay is received with- 
out an equivalent in work rendered. 

sinecure (sin'e-kur), n. an office with 
compensation in which there is 
little work to do. 

sinew (sin'u), n. a tendon; anything 
supplying strength. 

sinewy (-i), adj. pertaining to, con- 
sisting of, or like, sinew; vigorous; 
tough. 

sinful ('fool), adj. full of sin; wicked; 
impious; unholy. 

singe (sinj), v.t. to burn slightly or 
on the surface: n. a slight burn. 

singleton (-tun), n. a single card of 
any suit held by a player at a deal, 
as at whist. 

singsong (sing'song), n. bad singing 
or poetry; monotonous or drawling 
tone: adj. monotonous. 

singular ('gu-ler), adj. not complex 
or compound; alone; noting one per- 
son or thing; uncommon; unusual; 
strange; extraordinary; eminent; 
peculiar; ©dd; unique: n. in gram- 
mar, the number denoting one per- 
son or thing. 

singularity (-lar'i-ti), n. [pi. singu- 
larities (-tiz)], the state or quality 
of being singular; peculiarity; odd- 

sinister ('is-ter), adj. inauspicious; 
unlucky; evil; ill-omened; corrupt; 
dishonest; on the left hand or 
side. 

sinner (sin'er), n. one who sins; an 
offender; transgressor; one who is 
unregenerate. 

sinhet ('et), n. a yarn bound round 
ropes to prevent friction. Also sen- 
net. 

Sinn Fein (sin'fin), n. a revolutionary 
party in Ireland. 

Sinology (si-nol'o-ji), n. the system- 
atized knowledge of the Chinese lan- 
guage, literature, laws, and history. 

sinuate (sin'u-at), adj. having the 
margin alternately curved inward 
and outward. 



sinuosity (-os'i-ti), n. a wavy line; 
the character of being sinuous. 

sinuous ('u-us), adj. bending in and 
out; winding; crooked. 

sinus (sii'nus), n. a bay or recess; 
cavity or .depression; fistula. 

siphon (si'fon), n. a bent pipe or 
tube having one end longer than the 
other, used for drawing off liquids 
from a higher to a lower level; the 
respiratory tube of a mollusk; a 
siphon bottle: v.t. to convey or draw 
off by a siphon. Also syphon. 

siphonage (-aj), n. the action of a 
siphon. • 

Sir (ser), n. the title of a baronet 
or knight; a term of respect. 

sirdar <(-dar'), n. in India, a chief; 
captain. 

sire (sir), n. a -title of respect used 
in addressing the sovereign; father; 
head of a family; male of beasts: 
v.t. to procreate. 

siren (si'ren), n. one of certain fabu- 
lous nymphs in Southern Italy, said 
to have sung with such sweetness 
that the mariners were irresistbly 
lured to their destruction: hence a 
woman dangerous from her fascinat- 
ing, enticing wiles; ^ a foghorn, a 
South American eel-like amphibian: 
adj. pertaining to, characteristic of, or 
like, a siren; bewitching. 

sirene (-ren'), n. an instrument for 
ascertaining the number of vibra- 
tions per second corresponding to a 
note of given pitch. 

Sirius (sir'i-us), n. the dog-star. 

sirloin (ser'loin), n. the loin, or up- 
per part of the loin, of beef. 

sirocco (si-rok'o), n. [pi. siroccos 
('oz)J, a hot, relaxing wind, from 
the Libyan deserts. 

sirrah (sir'a), n. a term of reproach 
or contempt. 

sisal-grass (sis'al-gras), n. the pre- 
pared fiber of the American aloe, 
used for cordage, &c. 

siss (sis), n. a hissing noise: v.i. tc 
make a hissing noise. 

Sisyphean (-i-fe'an), adj. pertaining 
to Sisyphus, condemned by Pluto to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SITE 



665 



SKINFLINT 



roll to the top of a hill a stone 
which incessantly fell back when it 
had reached the summit: hence in- 
cessantly recurring; vainly toil- 
some. 

site (sit), n. local position or situa- 
tion; ground-plot. 

situate ('ti-at), adj. placed. 

situated ('u-a-ted), adj. having a 
position; placed with respect to any 
other object. 

situation (-a/shun), n. position; lo- 
cality; circumstances; office; em- 
ployment. 

sitz-bath (sits'bath), n. a bath for 
bathing in a sitting posture. 

sixpence ('pens), n. a small British 
silver coin, value 6 pennies, or 12 
cents. 

sixteenmo (-mo), n. sextodecimo. 

sizable (siz'a-bl), adj. of considerable 
or suitable size. 

sizzle (siz'l), v.i. to make a hissing 
sound; fry: n. a hissing sound. 

skald. Same as scald. 

skate (skat), n. a kind of flat fish of 
the ray family; a metallic runner 
fitted in a frame for fastening to the 

% boot to slide over ice: v.i. to slide on 

- skates. 

skedaddle (ske-dad'l), v.i. to run 
away, especially in terror. 

skein (skan), n. a quantity of thread, 
silk, &c. ; coiled together. 

skeletonize (t-iz), v.t. to make a 
skeleton of. 

skeleton-key (-ke), n. a thin light 
key, the center parts of which have 
been almost wholly filed away. 

skeptic (skep'tik), n. one who doubts 
the truth of any doctrine or system ; 
one who doubts the existence of God 
or revelation; an adherent of philo- 
sophical skepticism. 

skeptical (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, a skeptic; char- 
acterized by skepticism; doubting 
the existence of God or Divine reve- 
lation. 

skepticism ('ti-sizm), n. incredul- 
ity; doubt; the doctrine that ho 
facts can be known with certainty 



beyond the range of experience; un- 
belief in any particular doctrine or 
system. 

sketch (skech), n. an outline; first 
rough draft; preliminary study: v.t. 
to draw the outline or give principal 
features of; make a sketch of: v.i. 
to make sketches. 

skew (sku), adj. oblique: adv. ob- 
liquely. 

skewer ('er), n. a pin of wood or 
metal for securing meat, &c, in 
form when roasting: v.t. to fasten 
with, or as with, a skewer. 

ski (ske), n.pl. long narrow pieces of 
wood with one end curved in front, 
used as snow-shoes. 

skiagraph (ski-a-graf ) . Same as ra- 
diograph. 

skiagraphy. Same as radiography. 

skid (skid), n. a sliding wedge or 
drag to retard the motion of a ve- 
hicle by pressure against the wheel; 
a fender to protect the side of a 
ship: v .t. [p.t. & p.p. skidded, p.pr. 
skidding], to cause to move on, or 
protect with, a skid; retard by a 
skid: v.i. to slip along obliquely. 

skiddaw ('aw), n. the black guille- 
mot. 

skied, p.t. & p.p. of sky. 

skiff (skif), n. a small light boat. 

skilful (skil'fool), adj. having, or 
displaying, skill; expert in any art 
or science; discriminating; clever; 
dexterous. 

skill (skil), n. expertness in any art 
or science; aptitude; power to dis- 
cern and execute. 

skillet ('et), n. a small culinary ves- 
sel. 

skil ling ('ing), n. the bay of a barn 
or slight addition to a cottage. 

skilly ('i), n. a kind of thin oatmeal 
broth in which meat has been boiled. 

skimmer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, skims; a perforated ladle; a 
marine bird. 

skimp (skimp), v.t. to do carelessly 
or superficially: v.i. to be parsimo- 
nious: adj. scanty. 

skinflint ('flint), n. a niggard. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SKINFUL 



SLEEK 



skinful ('fool), n. a stomachful. 

skink (skingk), n. a kind of lizard. 

skinny ('i), adj. consisting only of 
skin; very lean. 

skipper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, skips; the cheese maggot; 
the master of a merchant vessel; 
sea-captain. 

skirmish (sker'mish), n. a slight 
combat or irregular fight between 
two small parties; contest: v.i. to 
fight slightly or in small parties; 
fight irregularly. 

skirr (sker), v.t. to pass over rapidly. 

skit (skit), n brief satire; burlesque. 

skittish ('ish), adj. shy; easily 
frightened; volatile; vivacious; wan- 
ton. 

skittles ('lz), n.pl. ninepins. 

skiver (sklv'er), n. a paring tool for 
leather; sheepskin split for book- 
binding, &c. 

skulk (skulk), v.i. to withdraw into 
a corner for concealment; lurk; 
avoid work in a cowardly manner: 
n. a skulker; a number of foxes to- 
gether. 

skunk (skungk), n. an American car- 
nivorous animal allied to the weasel, 
which emits a foetid secretion when 
pursued; a vile, contemptible fel- 
low: v.t. to defeat (an opponent) 
as at cards. 

skylarking (-ing), n. running about 
the rigging of a ship in sport; frol- 
icking. 

skyscraper ('skra-per), n. a lofty 
building; a triangular sail next 
above the royal. 

slabber .('er), n. saliva: v.i. to let 
saliva or liquid fall from the mouth. 

slacken ('n), v.i. to become slack or 
less firm, tense, or rigid; be remiss 
or less diligent; languish; become 
slower. 

slacker, n. one who shirks military 
service. 

slag (slag), n. the dross of a metal; 
vitrified cinders. 

slaggy ('i), adj. pertaining to, or 
like, slag. 

slake (slak), v.t. to quench; extin- 



guish; mix with water: v.i. to be 
mixed with water. 

slander (slan'der), n. a false or ma- 
licious report; verbal defamation: 
v.t. to defame or calumniate. 

slanderous (-us), adj. uttering slan- 
ders. 

slang (slang), n. a colloquial lan- 
guage or expression current at any 
particular period; jargon of some 
particular calling or class in so- 
ciety: v.t. to address with slang; 
abuse with vulgar language. 

slant (slant), n. an inclined plane; a 
sarcastic remark; a passing breeze: 
v.t. to give a sloping direction to: 
adj. inclined from a straight line. 

slapjack ('jak), n. a kind of flat bat- 
ter cake. 

slatch (slach), n. the slack of a rope; 
passing breeze. 

slattern ('ern), n. a careless, sloven- 
ly woman. 

slatting ('ing), n. the violent flap- 
ping of anything hanging loose in 
the wind; slats collectively. 

slaughter (slaw'ter), n. great de- 
struction of life by violence; car- 
nage; killing of oxen, &c, for hu- 
man food: v.t. to slay or kill with 
violence; kill (beasts) for the mar- 
ket? 

Slav (slav), n. one of the great divi- 
sions of the Aryan family or lan- 
guage: adj. Slavonic. • 

slavery ('er-i), n. [pi. slaveries (-iz) ], 
the state of entire subjugation to the 
will of another; condition of a slave. 

slavey ('i), n. a maidservant. 

Slavic. Same as Slavonic. 

slavish ('ish), adj. pertaining to, be- 
fitting, or characteristic of, a slave. 

Slavonic (sla-yon'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Slavs, their literature, or 
language. Also Slavonian, Slavic. 

slaw (slaw), n. sliced cabbage served 
as a salad. 

sleave (slev), n. the knotted or en- 
tangled part of silk or thread; floss. 

sledge (slej), n. a large, heavy ham- 
mer; another form of sled. 

sleek (slek), adj. smooth, glossy. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boc 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SLEEPING SICKNESS 



667 



SLUMBER 



sleeping sickness (sle'ping sik'ces), 
a fatal disease of the African tropics, 
due to a germ called a trypanosome 
which is carried by the tsetse fly. 

sleigh, another form of sled. 

sleight (slit), n. dexterity; cunning; 
artful trick. 

slept, p.t. & p.p. of sleep. 

sleuth (slooth), n. the track of a man 
or beast as known by the scent. 

sleuthhound ('hound), n. a, blood- 
hound. 

slew, p.t. of slay. 

sliding-scale ('ing-skal), n. a varia- 
ble scale of wages or prices accord- 
ing to the state of trade. 

slight (slit), adj. feeble; inconsider- 
able; unimportant; not severe; tri- 
fling; slender: n. neglect; oversight: 
v.t. to disregard as of little value; 
neglect. 

slily. Same as slyly. 

slime (slim), n. glutinous mud; any 
viscous substance. 

slimsy (slim'zi), adj. frail. 

slink (slingk), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. slunk, 
p.pr. slinking], to creep away as if 
ashamed; sneak off; miscarry: said 
of beasts: v.t. to cast prematurely: 
said of beasts : adj. produced prema- 
turely; lean [Scotch]: n. the young 
of a beast prematurely born, espe- 
cially a calf; a sneak. 

slinky ('i), adj. thin. 

slippery ('er-i), adj. non-adhesive; 
without firm hold or footing; un- 
stable; smooth; cunning. 

slipshod ('shod), adj. wearing shoes 
or slippers down at the heel; slov- 
enly. 

slither (snWer), v.i. to slide. 

sliver (sliv'er) or sliv'er), v.t. to cut 
into long, thin, or very small pieces: 
n. a splinter. 

sloam (slom), n. a layer of earth be- 
tween seams of coal. 

slobber, same as slabber. 

sloe (slo), n. a small bitter plum. 

slogan Cgan), n. the war-cry or 
gathering-cry of a Highland clan. 

sloop (sloop), n. a one-masted vessel 
with a fore-and-aft rig. 



sloth (sloth), n. idleness; habitual 
indolence; a South American ar- 
boreal quadruped which walks slowly 
on the ground. 

slouch (slouch), n. a hanging down, 
as of the head or other parts of the 
body; ungainly, clownish gait; awk- 
ward, dull fellow: v.t. to cause to 
hang down; depress at the side: v.i. 
to walk in a clumsy, heavy, awkward 
manner. 

slough (slou), n. a deep muddy 
place; a bog. ' 

slough (sluf), n. the cast-off skin of 
a serpent; the part that separates 
from a foul sore: v.i. to separate 
naturally dead matter from the 
sound flesh; come off, as the matter 
formed over a sore. _ 

slough (sloo), n. drainage-stream and 
marsh in a prairie. 

sloven (sluv'en), n. one who is ha- 
bitually untidy in his dress and 
negligent of cleanliness; one who is 
negligent of order and neatness. 

sludge (sluj), 11. slush; mire. 

slue (sloo), v.t. to turn about a fixed 
point, as a spar, &c; twist round: 
v.i. to turn about (with round). 

slug (slug), n. a shelless mollusk, al- 
lied to the land-snail; a sluggard; a 
kind of oval bullet: pi. half -roasted 
ore. 

sluggard ('erd), n. one who is habit- 
ually lazy and idle. 

sluggish ('ish), adj. habitually lazy 
and idle; dull; slothful; inactive; 
slow. 

sluice (sloos), n. a gate for excluding 
or regulating the flow of water in a 
canal, &c; stream of water issuing 
through a flood-gate: v.t. to wash 
with water from, or as from, a sluice; 
wet copiously. 

slum (slum), n. a low, dirty street or 
district of a city or town, inhabited 
by the very poor or criminal classes : 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. slum, p.pr. slum- 
ming], to visit slums as a fashion- 
able amusement. 

slumber ('ber), v.i. to sleep lightly; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SLUMP 



668 



SMUGGLE 



doze; be in a state of inactivity or 
negligence. 

slump (slump), n. gross amount or 

mass; a bog; a sudden fall, as of 

shares, &c: v.t. to lump or throw 

into a single lot: v.i. fall or sink 

• suddenly. 

slur (sler), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. slurred, 
p.pr. slurring], to sully; soil; con- 
taminate; pass over superficially; 
disparage; pronounce indistinctly; 
sing or perform in a light, gliding 
manner [music]: n. a stain; slight 
reproach or disgrace; stigma; a 
mark (^~^) connecting notes that 
are to be sung or played legato. 

slush (slush), n. half -melted snow; a 
greasy lubricating mixture. 

small pica (pl'ka), n. a size of print- 
ing-type. See type. 

smallpox ('poks), n. a contagious, 
feverish disease, characterized by 
eruptions upon the skin. 

smalt (smawlt), n. a deep blue pig- 
ment. 

smarten ('n), v.t. to make smart or 
spruce. 

smart-money (-mun'i), n. money 
paid by a person to free him from 
some unpleasant difficulty, especially 
a recruit from his enlistment; money 
allowed to wounded soldiers and 
sailors. 

smash (smash), v.t. to break in pieces 
by violence; crush: v.i. to become 
bankrupt: n. a breaking to pieces; 
bankruptcy. 

smasher ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, smashes. 

smatter (smat'er), v.i. to talk super- 
ficially or ignorantly; have a super- 
ficial knowledge of anything. 

smear (smer), v.t. to overspread with 
anything unctuous, viscous, or adhe- 
sive; daub; pollute: n. a blot or 
stain. 

smelt (smelt), n. a small salmonoid 
fish: v.t. to fuse, as an ore, to sepa- 
rate the metal. 

smerky (smerk'i), adj. jaunty; spruce. 

smilax (sml'laks), n. a climbing plant 
of the lily family. 



smirch (smerch), v.t. to smear; dirty. 

smirk (smerk), v.i. to smile affected- 
ly or conceitedly: n. an affected 
smile: adj. spruce. 

smite (smit), v.t. [p.t. smote, p.p.\ 
smitten, p.pr. smiting], to strike, as 
with the hand or a weapon; kill; 
overthrow in battle; blast; chasten; 
affect with any passion: v.i. to 
strike. 

smithing ('ing), n. the act or process 
of working or forging metals into 
shape. 

smock (smok), n. a chemise; smock- 
frock. 

smock-frock ('frok), n. an agricul- 
tural laborer's loose outer shirt. 

smokable (sm5k'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being smoked. 

smolder (smol'der), v.i. to burn 
slowly or smoke without vent; exist 
in a stifled condition. 

smolt (smolt), n. a young salmon 
that has acquired its silver scales. 

smooth (smooiA), adj. not rough; 
even surfaced; frietionless; gently 
flowing; glossy; bland; soothing; 
flattering: v.t. to make smooth; ren- 
der easy; calm; regulate: v.i. to be- 
come smooth: n. the act of making 
smooth; smooth part of anything; a 
meadow. 

smote, p.t. of smite. 

smother (smuf/i'er), v.t. to destroy 
the life of by suffocation; stifle; 
suppress or conceal: v.i. to be suffo- 
cated: n. stifling smoke or thick 
dust. 

smoulder. Same as smolder. ■ 

smudge (smuj), n. a smear or stain; 
suffocating smoke; a smoldering fire 
of damp combustibles emitting dense 
smoke for the purpose of keeping off 
mosquitoes: v.t. to smear or stain; 
blacken or stifle with smoke. 

smug (smug), adj. affectedly precise 
or prim; spruce; neat. 

smuggle ('I), v.t. to import or ex- 
port secretly without paying custom- 
house duties; convey or introduce 
clandestinely: v.i. to practice smug- 
gling. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






SMUT 



669 



SOCIETY 



smut (smut), n. a spot or stain made 
by soot or similar dirty matter; bad, 
soft coal; a fungoid disease affect- 
ing cereal grain; obscenity: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. smutted, p.pr. smutting], 
to soil or blacken with, or as with, 
smut: v.i. to become converted into 
smut; give off smut. 

snack (snak), n. a slight, hasty re- 
past. 

snaffle (snaf'l), n. a bridle consisting 
of a joint in the middle and rings at 
the ends: v.t. to put a snaffle in the 
mouth of. 

snagged ('d), adj. full of, or covered 
with, snags. Also snaggy. 

snapdragon ('drag-un), n. a plant 
with a corolla that shuts with a 
snap when opened; a social game in 
which raisins are snatched from a 
bowl of burning brand}'. 

snappish (,'ish), adj. apt to snap or 
eager to bite; < sharp in retorting; 
peevish; caustic; easily irritated. 

snapshot (snap 'shot), n. instanta- 
neous photograph; a quick shot 
with a gun or rifle. 

"snare (snar), n. a running noose of 
cord or wire for catching an animal; 
anything that entangles or entraps 
one; the gut stretched across the 
head of a drum: v.t. to catch or en- 
tangle with, or as with, a snare. 

snip (snip), v.t. [p.t. <fc p.p. snipped, 
p.pr. snipping], to cut or clip off at 
once, as with scissors: n. a single 
cut with scissors; small piece. 

snipe (snip), n. a long-billed fen 
fowl; curbstone broker. 

sniper ( s snlp'er), n. a citizen who 
fires on soldiers from concealment. 

snivel (sniv'el), v.i. to run at the 
nose; cry, as a child: n. mucus run- 
ning from the nose; cant. 

snob (snob), n. a vulgar person who 
apes gentility; vulgar upstart; jour- 
neyman shoemaker; knobstick. 

snood (snood), n. a ribbon for bind- 
ing up the hair of a. maiden [Scotch]; 
hair-line to connect a fishing-line 
with the hook. 

snooze (snooz), v.i. to nap: n. a nap. 



snow-line ('lin), n. the lowest limit 
of perpetual snow. 

snowy ('i), adj. white like snow; 
covered with, or abounding in, snow; 
pure. 

snuffle ('1), v.i. to speak or breathe 
hard through the nose when ob- 
structed: n. a speaking through the 
nose when obstructed; affected nasal 
twang; cant: pi. obstruction of the 
nostrils by mucus. 

snuggery ('er-i), n. [pi. snuggeries 
(-iz)j, a warm, cosy place. 

snuggle (1), v.i. to he close for 
warmth and comfort. 

sobriety (-bri'e-ti), n. habitual tem- 
perance; calmness; seriousness. 

sobriquet (so-bre-ka/), n. a nickname 
[French]. 

soc (sok), n. certain privileges of ten- 
ants under the feudal system; the 
feudal lord's power of holding a 
court in a district. Also soke. 

sociability (so-shia-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being sociable; 
disposition to associate and converse 
with others. Also sociableness. 

sociable ('shia-bl), adj. disposed to 
associate and converse with others; 
social; companionable; affable: n. 
a kind of vehicle ; tricycle or bicycle 
for two riders; a social gathering. 

social _ ('shal), adj. pertaining to men 
as living in society; inclined to 
friendly intercourse and conversa- 
tion; convivial; growing in groups 
or masses; living in communities. 

socialism (-izm), n. an economic 
theory or system of the reconstruc- 
tion of society on the basis of co- 
operation of labor and community 
of property. 

socialist (-ist), n. an advocate of so- 
cialism. 

sociality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being social. Also social- 
ness. 

socialize ('shal-Iz), v.t. to render so- 
cial; regulate according to socialis- 
tic principles. 

society (-si'i-ti), n. [pi. societies^ 
(-tiz)], a number of persons united 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SOCIOLOGICAL 



670 



SOLICIT 



for a common interest; people col- 
lectively who live in any region at 
any given period; fraternity; com- 
pany; the more cultivated portion of 
any community in its social rela- 
tions, &c. 

sociological (-shi-o-lo j 'ik-al) , adj. per- 
taining to, or characteristic of, 
sociology. 

sociology ('o-ji), n. the science of the 
constitution, evolution, and phenome- 
na of human society; social science. 

sockdolager (-dol'a-jer), n. & conclu- 
sive argument; whopper. _ 

socket ('et), n. a hollow into which 
something is fitted; hollow t of a 
candlestick. 

socle (so'kl), n. a plain plinth forming 
a low pedestal; base of a statue, &c. 

sodden (sod'n), adj. boiled; satu- 
rated: v.i. to be soaked or seethed: 
v.t. to saturate. 

soddy ('i), adj. turfy. 

sofa (so'fa), n. a long seat with 
stuffed bottom, back, and arms. 

soffit (sof'it), n. a small paneled ceil- 
ing; under part of a cornice pre- 
senting a flat surface. 

soi-distant (swa-de-zang'), adj. self- 
styled; calling himself; would-be; 
pretended [French]. 

soiree (swa-ra/), n. an evening party 
for conversation and social inter- 
course; ^ public evening entertain- 
ment with refreshments. 

sojourn (so'jern or so-jern'), v.i. to 
dwell for a time: n. a* temporary 
residence. 

soko (so'ko), n. a species of anthro- 
poid ape. 

Sol (sol), n. the sun. 

sol (sol), n. the 5th note of the dia- 
tonic scale. 

solace (sol'as), n. comfort in sorrow; 
consolation: v.t. to comfort in sorrow. 

solano (so-la'no), n. a hot oppressive 
wind in the Mediterranean. 

solar (lar), adj. pertaining to, meas- 
ured by, or proceeding from, the sun. 

solar constant (so'lar-kon'stant), n. 
the supposed uniform amount of 
heat received by the earth from the 



sun each day, recently found, how- 
ever, to be a varying quantity. 

solarize (-iz), v.t. to expose too long 
in the camera. 

solar-year (-yer), n. the period dur- 
ing which the earth makes one com- 
plete revolution round the sun, 365; 
days 5 hours 48 minutes 52 seconds. ' 

solder (sod'er or sol'der), n. a me- 
tallic alloy for uniting metals: v.t. 
to unite by a fusible metallic ce- 
ment; join. 

soldier (sol'jer), n. a person engaged 
in military service; a private as dis- 
tinguished from an officer; man of 
military skill: v.i. to serve or act as 1 
a soldier; make a pretense of work. : 

sole (sol), n. the underside of the 
foot; bottom of a boot or shoe, &c; 
bottom of anything; a flat fish of 
the genus Solea: v.t. to furnish with, 
or as with, a sole: adj. akme; being j 
or acting by one's self; unmarried.' 

solecism (sol'e-sizm), n. a breach of 
the rules of syntax, or idiom of a 
language; impropriety; absurdity. 

solemn (sol'em), adj. characterized 
by religious rites or ceremonies; in- 
spiring awe; serious; devout; for- 
mal; attended with a serious appeal 
to God. 

solemnity ('ni-ti), n. [pi. solemni- 
ties (-tiz) ], a religious rite or cere- 
mony; ceremony adapted to inspire 
awe; gravity; impressiveness; af- 
fected or mock seriousness. 

sol-fa (sol-fa/), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sol- 
faed, p.pr. sol-faing], to sing or vo- 
calize the diatonic scale to the sylla- 
bles do, re, mi, fa, &c. 

solfatara ' (sol-fa-ta/ra), n. a volcanic 
vent, which emits sulphurous and 
"other vapors. H.1 

solfeggio (-fad'jo), n. the system of 
arranging the musical scale with the 
syllables do, re, &c, instead of the 
letters, A, B, &c. Also solfeg- j 
giare. 

solferino (-fa-r-e'noj, n. a bright, 
deep pink aniline color. 

solicit (so-lis'it), v.t. to ask for with 
earnestness; entreat; invite or sum- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SOLICITATION 



671 



SONATA 



mon; endeavor to obtain: v.i. to can- 
vass. 

solicitation (-i-ta'shun), n. the act 
of soliciting; importunity; the of- 
fense of inciting to a felony; offense 
of accosting by a prostitute. 

solicitor ('it-er), n. one who solicits; 
a person legally qualified to act for 
another in a court of law; an attor- 
ney; a canvasser. 

solicitous ('i-tus), adj. eager; anx- 
ious; apprehensive; concerned. 

solicitude ('i-tud), n. the -state of 
being solicitous; concern; anxiety; 
carefulness. 

solidarity (-i-dar'i-ti), n. community 
of interests and responsibilities. 

solidification (-id-i-fi-ka/shun), n. 
the act of solidifying, the state of 
being solidified. 

solidify (-id'i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
solidified, p.pr. solidifying], to make 
solid: v.i. to harden. 

solidity ('i-ti), n. density; compact- 
ness ; stability ; truth ; moral firmness. 

soliloquize (so-lil'o-kwlz), v.i. to ut- 
ter as soliloquy. 

soliloquy ('6-kwi), n. [pi. soliloquies 
(-kwiz)J, a talking or discourse to 
one's self; a written composition of 
the- nature of a monologue. 

solitaire (sol-i-tar'), n. a game 
played by one person; a stud; pre- 
cious stone in single setting; hermit. 

solitary ('i-ta-ri), adj. living by one's 
self; lonely; single; done, passed, 
or suffered alone; remote; unoccu- 
pied; gloomy. 

solitude ('i-tud), n. the state of being 
by one's self; loneliness; seclu- 
sion ; desert. 

solo (so'lo), n. [pi. solos ('loz)], an 
air, or musical piece performed by a 
single instrument or by one vocalist. 

soloist (-ist), n. one who performs or 
sings a solo. 

solstice (sol'stis), n. that point in the 
ecliptic at which the sun is farthest 
from the equator, north in summer, 
south in winter. 

solstitial (-stish'al), adj. pertaining 
to, or happening at a solstice. 



solubility (-Q-biTi-ti), n. -the state, 
quality, or degree of being soluble 
or dissolvable. 

soluble ('u-bl), adj. capable of being 
dissolved in a fluid; capable of solu- 
tion. 

solus (so'lus), adj. alone [Latin]. 

solution (-lu'shun), n. the act of dis- 
solving by means of a fluid; deliver- 
ance; explanation. 

solvability (sol-va-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being solvable; 
solvency. 

solvable ('va-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing solved. 

solvency ('en-si), n. the state or 
quality of being solvent. 

solvent (sol'vent), n. any liquid that 
dissolves another substance: adj. 
able to discharge just claims or debts; 
having the power of dissolving. 

somatology (so-ma-tol'o-ji), n. the 
science of the general principles of 
matter, and its properties. 

somber (som'ber), adj. dull; melan- 
choly; dark; gloomy. 

sombrero (-bra'ro), n. a kind of 
broad-brimmed hat. 

sombrous ('brus), adj. gloomy; dull. 

some (sum), a suffix meaning like, 
same, as winsome, gladsome, &c: 
adj. more or less; expressing an in- 
determinate number, person, or 
quantity; one or the other; about. 

somersault ('er-sawlt), n. a leap in 
which a person turns with his heels 
over his head. 

somnambulism (som-nam'bu-lizm), 
n. the act or practice of walking 
in sleep. 

somniferous (-nif'er-us), adj. caus- 
ing sleep. 

somnipathy (-nip'a-thi), n. sleep 
caused by some external influence, 
as mesmerism. 

somnolence ('no-lens), n. sleepi- 
ness; drowsiness. Also somnolency. 

somnolent ('no-lent), adj. inclined 
to sleep. 

sonant (so'nant), adj. sounding; vo- 
cal. 

sonata (-na'ta), n. a musical com- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SONATINA 



672 



SOTTO VOCE 



position for one instrument, espe- 
cially the pianoforte. 

sonatina (-na-te'na), n. a short, sim- 
ple sonata. 

soniferous (so-nif'er-us), adj. pro- 
ducing, or conveying, sound. 

sonnet (son'et), n. a short lyric 
poem of fourteen lines, each of five 
accents, with varying rhymes. 

sonneteer (-et-er'), n. a composer of 
sonnets; minor poet: v.i. to com- 
pose sonnets. 

sonometer (so-nom'e-ter), n. an ap- 
paratus for showing the relation be- 
tween musical notes, or testing the 
capacity of the auditory nerves. 

sonorific (so-no-rif'ik), adj. produc- 
ing sound. 

sonorous (so-no'rus), adj. giving a 
clear sound when struck; resonant; 
loud-sounding; vocal; deep-toned. 

sooth (sooth), n. truth. 

soothe (sooth), v.t. to please or calm 
with soft words or blandishments; 
comfort ; allay ; pacify ; assuage . 

soothsay (sooth'sa), v.i. to predict or 
foretell. 

sootiness (soot'i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sooty. 

sooty ('i), adj. [comp. sootier, su- 
perl. sootiest], pertaining to, pro- 
ducing, or like, soot; dusky, black. 

sop (sop), n. anything steeped, dipped, 
or softened in a liquid, especially in 
broth; something given to pacify: 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sopped, p.pr. sop- 
ping], to steep or dip in a liquid. 

sophism (sof'izm), n. a specious but 
fallacious argument; fallacy. 

sophist ('is't), n. one of a body of 
men in ancient Greece (5th century 
B.C.) who taught philosophy, elo- 
quence, and politics; a fallacious or 
captious reasoner. 

sophistical (so-fis'ti-kal), adj. per- 
taining to, or characteristic of, a 
sophist; fallaciously subtle; quib- 
bling. Also sophistic. 

sophisticate ('ti-kat), v.t. to render 
worthless by adulteration; pervert; 
vitiate. 

sophistry (sof'is-tri), n. [pi. sophis- 



tries (-triz) ], specious but falla- 
cious reasoning; unsound argument. 

sophomore ('o-mor), n. a student in 
his second academic year. 

sopor (so'per), n. deep sleep from 
which a patient is aroused with dif- 
ficulty. 

soporific (so-po-rif'ik), adj. causing, 
or tending to induce, sleep: n. an 
opiate or anodyne. 

soppy (sop'i), adj. soaked or satu- 
rated with a liquid; very wet. 

soprano (so-pra'no), n. [pi. sopra- 
nos, soprani ('noz, 'ne) ], the high- 
est kind of female voice; a singer 
with such a voice. 

sorb (sorb), n. the European moun- 
tain-ash, yielding a fruit called 
rowans. 

sorbefacient (sor-be-fa/shi-ent), adj. 
producing absorption. 

sorcerer ('ser-er), n. a magician, 
wizard, or enchanter. Fern, sor- 
ceress. 

sorcery (-i), n. [pi. sorceries (-iz) ], 
divination by the aid of evil spirits; 
witchcraft; magic; enchantment. 

sordid ('did), adj. mean; vile; base; 
niggardly; meanly avaricious. 

sorghum (sor'gum), n. a cane-like 
grass resembling broom corn, yield- 
ing sugar; molasses prepared from 
the juice of sorghum. 

sorority (so-ror'i-ti), n. the antithetic 
word to fraternity; a secret organiza- 
tion of women only. 

sorosis (so-ro'sis), n. a woman's club 
or association. ' 

sorrel (sor'el), n. a dock-like plant 
of the genus Rumex; a reddish- 
brown color. 

Sorrento work (-en'to werk), n. 
carved ornamental fretwork in olive- 
wood with* inlaid decorations. 

sortie (sor'te), n. the issuing of a 
body of troops from a besieged place ; 
to attack the besiegers. 

sottish Cish), adj. like a sot; stupid; j 
infatuated. 

sotto voce ('to vo'cha), adv. in an \ 
undertone; with a moderate or re- 
strained tone of voice. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boom 
book; hue, hut; think, hen. 



s. o. s. 



673 



SPATIAL 



S. O. S., n. a wireless call for help sent 
out by a ship in peril. 

sou (soo), n. [pi. soos (sooz) ], an 
old French copper coin=one cent. 

soubrette (-bref), n. a female ser- 
vant or attendant; in comedies, a 
lady's maid who acts the part of an 
intriguing female. 

souchet (-sha'), n. fish served up in 
the water in which it has been 
boiled. 

sough (sou, or suf), n. a hollow mur- 
mur or whistling, as of the wind: 
v.i. to murmur or whistle. 

sought, p ,t. & p.p. of seek. 

soul (sol), n. the spiritual, rational, 
and_ immortal part in man; reason 
or intellect; conscience; life; es- 
sence; moving or inspiring power; 
courage; human being. 

sounding ('ing), n. the ascertaining 
the depth of water: adj. causing 
sound; resonant. 

sour-crout, same as sauerkraut. 

source (sors), n. that from which 
anything arises or originates; spring 
or fountain; first cause; original. 

sourish (sour'ish), adj. somewhat 
sour. 

souse (sous), n. pickle made with 
salt^ anything steeped or preserved 
in pickle; a plunging in water: v.t. 
to steep in pickle; plunge into 
water; strike with sudden violence: 
v.i. to make a sudden attack: adv. 
with sudden violence. 

souvenir (soo-ve-ner'), n. a memento 
or keepsake. 

sovereign (sov' or suv'er-in), adj. 
royal; supreme in power; possess- 
ing supreme dominion; effectual: n. 
a king, emperor, or queen; a British 
gold coin = 20s. 

sovereignty (-ti), n. supreme power 
or dominion. 

soy (soi), n. a kind of fish sauce. 

spa (spa), n. a spring of mineral 
water. 

space (spas), n. extension; room; 
interval between lines; quantity of 
ame; short interval: v.t. in print- 
ing, to make intervals between (lines 



or words) by separating them with 
thin pieces of type-metal. 

spacial (spa'shal), adj. pertaining to 
space. Also spatial. 

spacious ('shus), adj. extending far 
and wide; roomy; vast in extent. 

spalpeen (spal'pen), n. a scamp 
[Irish]. 

spangle (spang'gl), n. a small plate 
or boss of shining metal; any glit- 
tering ornament, especially for a 
dress: v.t. to set or adorn with, or 
as with, spangles. 

spaniel Cyel), n. a variety of dog. 

Spanish-fly (-fli), n. cantharides. 

Spanish -main (-man), n. the name 
formerly applied to the southern 
part of the Caribbean sea,.. and ad- 
jacent coast. 

spanner (span'er), n. a wrench for 
tightening up or loosening the nuts 
on screws. 

spar (spar), n. a lustrous crystalline 
mineral; a general name for a mast, 
yard, boom, &c; a contest at box- 
ing, or in words: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
sparred, p.pr. sparring], to box; 
contest in words. 

spark-plug (spark'plug), n. a con- 
trivance for exploding the gas in a 
motor by means of an electric spark. 
Sometimes called sparker. 

sparse (spars), adj. thinly scattered; 
not dense; set or planted here and 
there. 

Spartan (spar'tan), adj. pertaining to 
Sparta; hardy; undaunted; severe. 

sparterie ('ter-i), n. articles spun 
or woven of esparto grass. 

spasm (spazm), n. a sudden, violent, 
involuntary contraction of the mus- 
cles. 

spasmodic (spaz-mod'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, or consisting in, spasms; 
convulsive; violent but short-lived. 
Also spasmodical. 

spat (spat), 7i. the spawn of shell- 
fish, especially the oyster: pi. spat- 
terdashes. 

spate (spat), n. a sudden heavy flood 
caused by heavy rains. 

spatial, same as spacial. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SPATTER 



674 



SPECTROHELIOGRAPH 






spatter (spat' er), v.t. to sprinkle 
with liquid; defame: v.i. to under- 
go or cause scattering or splashing 
in drops or small quantities: n. a 
small splash. 

spatterdashes (-dash-ez), n.pl. leath- 
er leggings for riding; gaiters. 

spatula (spat'ti-la), n. a broad, flat, 
thin, flexible knife for spreading 
plasters, paints, &c. 

spatulate ('u-lat), adj. spatula- 
shaped. 

spavin (spav'in), n. a disease of 
horses, characterized by a swelling 
in the hock joint, causing lameness. 

spawn (spawn), n. the wa of fishes, 
oysters, <fec; mycelium of fungi; 
offspring or product: v.i. to produce 
and deposit spawn; deposit eggs, as 
fish, &c. 

spear (sper), n. a long-pointed 
weapon of war and the chase used 
for thrusting or throwing; a lance 
with barbed prongs for spearing 
fish; a shoot, as of grass: v.t. to 
pierce, or kill, with a spear: v.i. to 
shoot into a long stem. 

spear-grass ('gras), n. long stiff 
grass, especially of the genus Poa. 

spearwort ('wert), n. a species of 
ranunculus. 

spec, abbr. for speculation. 

special (spesh'al), adj. pertaining to, 
or constituting, a species; designed 
for a particular purpose; different 
from others; distinctive; uncom- 
mon; appropriate; limited in range 
or extent; specific. 

specialist (-ist), n. one who devotes 
himself to a particular . branch of a 
profession, &c. 

speciality (-i-al'i-ti), n. > [pi. spe- 
cialities (-tiz) ], the special or dis- 
tinctive mark of a person or thing; 
special department, &c. 

specialization ('al-i-za/shun), n. ap- 
plication to a special function or 
use; act of specializing. 

specialty ('al-ti), n. that for which 
a person is noted or distinguished; 
special contract or obligation. 

specie (spe'shi), n. coined money. 



species ('shez), n. a group of indi- 
viduals agreeing in common attri- 
butes and called by a common 
name; a sub-division of a genus; 
kind; sort. 

specific (-sif'ik), adj. pertaining to 
a species; definite or particular; 
precise: n. a remedy for a particu- 
lar disease. 

specification (spes-i-fi-ka/shun), n. 
the act of specifying; detailed 
statement of particulars. 

specify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. speci- 
fied, p.pr. specifying], to mention 
or name particularly; designate 
verbally, so as to distinguish from 
other things. 

specimen ('i-men), n. a sample; a 
part of something to show the qual- 
ity, &c, of the whole. 

specious (spe'shus), adj. appearing 
well at first sight; plausible; osten- 
sible; fair. 

speckle ('1), n. a small spot in any- 
thing different in substance or color 
from the thing itself: v.t. to varie- 
gate with spots of a different color 
to that of the thing itself. 

spectacle ('ta-kl), n. something ex- 
hibited to view, especially some- 
thing unusual or worthy of notice; 
pageant; exhibition: pi. an optical 
instrument with two lenses mount- 
ed in a frame to assist the vision. 

spectacular (-tak'ii-lar), adj. per- 
taining to shows or exhibitions; 
adapted to excite wonder or admira- 
tion by scenic effect. 

spectator (-ta/ter), n. a beholder. 

specter, spectre (spek'tr), n. a 
ghost or apparition. 

spectral ('tral), adj. ghostly; per- 
taining to, or produced by, the spec- 
trum. 

spectrograph (spek'tro-graf),_ n. a 
photographic apparatus used in con- 
nection with a spectroscope to 
record the telescopic observation of 
star spectrums. 

spectroheliograph (spek'tro-he'li-o- 
graf), n. an apparatus for photo- 
graphing the various layers of the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SPECTROLOGY 



675 



SPHERULE 



atmosphere of the sun, invented by- 
Hale. 

spectrology (-trol'6-ji), n. the sci- 
ence of spectrum analysis. 

spectroscope ('tro-skop), n. an opti- 
cal instrument for forming and ex- 
amining spectra. 

spectroscopy (-sko-pi), n. that branch 
of science connected with the use of 
the spectroscope and spectrum an- 
alysis. 

spectrum ('tram), n. [pi. spectra 
('tra) ], the colored and other rays 
of light separated by refraction 
through a prism and exhibited on a 
screen, &c. 

spectrum analysis (a-nal'i-sis), n. 
the determination of the chemical 
or physical composition of a body 
by means of the spectrum of light 
which it gives forth or which passes 
through it: each substance in the 
spectrum having its own particular 
system of lines. 

specular ('u-lar), adj. having a 
smooth reflecting surface, as a mir- 
ror or speculum. 

speculate ('u-lat), v.i. to consider 
or meditate upon; purchase stock, 
land, goods, &c. out of the usual 
order of trade with a view to sell 
them at an enhanced profit by an 
expected rise in the market. 

speculation (-la/shun), n. intellectual 
examination; theory; purchase of 
stock, goods, &c, out of the regular 
order of trade for future sale at an 
enhanced price; game at cards. 

speculative ('u-la-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or given to, speculation; con- 
templative; theoretical; risky. 

speculator (-ter), n. one who en- 
gages in speculation. 

speculum ('u-lum), n. [pi. specula 
(-la) ], a mirror, especially a con- 
cave mirror used as a reflector; a 
surgical instrument for dilating cer- 
tain passages of the body and throw- 
ing fight by reflection within them 
for examination, &c. 

speedometer (-om'e-ter), n. a re- 



cording instrument showing the ve- 
locity of a moving vehicle. 

spelter ('er), n. zinc. 

spence (spens), n. & buttery or lar- 
der. 

spencer ('er), n. a kind ot short 
jacket; a four-cornered fore-and-aft 
sail. 

Spencerism (-izm), n. the philo- 
sophical system advocated by Her- 
bert Spencer in his works, especially . 
the application of the principles 
of evolution. 

spendthrift ('thrift), adj. prodigal; 
extravagant: n. one who is prodigal 
or lavish in expenditure. 

sperm (sperm), n. the seminal fluid 
of animals; spermaceti; spawn of 
frogs and fishes. 

spermaceti (sper-ma-se'ti), n. a 
white waxy substance obtained from 
the head of the sperm-whale. 

spermatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to semen. Also spermatical. 

spermatozoon (-ma-to-zo'on), n. the 
germ cell in animals and plants. 

spermodern ('mo-dern), n. the 

' outer coat or testa of a seed. 

spew (spii), v.i. -to vomit. 

sphenoid (sfe'noid), adj. wedge- 
shaped. 

sphere (sfer), n. a globe or globular 
body; the concave or expanse of the 
heavens; circuit or range of knowl- 
edge, influence, action, &c, place 
of existence; social position; a 
solid body contained under a single 
surface, each point of which is equi- 
distant from a central point. 

spherical (sfer'i-kal), adj. globular. 

spherics (sfer'iks), n. spherical ge- 
ometry and trigonometry. 

spherograph ('o-graf), n. an instru- 
ment for the practical application 
of spherics to navigation. 

spheroid (sfe'roid), n. a body resem- 
bling a sphere but not quite round. 

spherometer (-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the curva- 
ture of round surfaces, and the 
thickness of small bodies. 

spherule (sfer'ul), n. a little sphere. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; booni 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SPHINCTER 



676 



SPIRIT-RAPPING 



sphincter (sfingk'ter), n. a muscle 
that closes an orifice which it sur- 
rounds. 

Sphinx (sfingks), n. [pi. sphinxes 
('ez) ], a fabled monster having the 
head of a woman and the body of a 
lioness; a person of enigmatical 
character or policy, from the custom 
of the sphinx of proposing riddles 
to travelers and destroying those 
who could not solve the enigmas. 

spicate (spi'kat), adj. having, or ar- 
ranged in the form of, a spike or 
ear. Also spicated. 

spice (spls), n. any aromatic and 
pungent vegetables used for season- 
ing food; relish; small quantity 
giving flavor to a greater: v.t. to 

. season or flavor with, or as with, 
spice; tincture. 

spick and span (spik and span), adj. 
new. 

spicular (spik'u-lar), adj. dart-like. 

spiculate ('ii-lat), adj. covered with, 
or having, spicules. 

spicule ('til), n. a slender sharp- 
pointed body. 

spicy (spi'si), adj. [comp. spicier, 
superl. spiciest], flavored with, con- 
taining, or having ,the qualities of, 
spice; aromatic; fragrant; pun- 
gent; racy. 

spigot (spig'ot), n. a pointed piece 
of wood used to stop the vent-hole 
of a cask or pipe of a faucet. 

spike (spik), n. a large kind of nail; 
anything like a spike; ear of grain; 
v.t. to fasten with spikes; stop the 
vent of (a cannon) by driving a 
spike into it. 

spikenard ('nard), n. an aromatic 
plant from which an oil, the ancient 
nardos, is extracted. 

spiky ('i), adj. spike-like; set with 
spikes. 

spillikin (spil'i-kin), n. a small peg 
of wood, &c, used for making 
scores in a game: pi. a game played 
with spillikins. 

spinach- ('aj), n. an esculent vegetable. 

spinal (spln'al), adj. pertaining to 
the spine. 



spindle (spin'dl), n. the long thin rod 
used in spinning wheels for twisting 
the thread; any axis of revolution. 

spine (spin), n. in vertebrates, the 
backbone. 

spinel (spin'el), n. a mineral of va- 
rious colors, allied to corundum. 

spinet (spin'et), n. a keyed instru- 
ment, allied to the harpsichord, but 
smaller. 

spin if erous (spi-nif 'er-us), adj. thorny. 
Also spinose, spinous. 

spink (spingk), n. a kind of finch. 

spinneret (spin'er-et), n. an organ 
with which certain insects form their 
webs or silk. 

spinning jenny ('ing-jen-i), n. a ma- 
chine for spinning cotton. 

spinster (spin'ster), n. an unmarried 
woman. 

spiny (spin'i), adj. full of spines. 

spiracle (spir'a-kl), n. any minute 
passage which serves for inhaling 
or exhaling air or other fluid. 

spiral (spi'ral), adj. winding around 
a center like the thread of a screw; 
tapering or pointed like a spire: n. 
a curve or curved line receding con- 
tinually from the center about 
which it revolves. 

spirant ('rant), n. a name applied 
to those consonants in which the 
breath is not entirely stopped in 
articulating. 

spine (spir), n. a slender stalk or blade; 
a tapering body ; winding line ; steeple 
top: v.i. to shoot forth or /up like a 
spire. 

spirit (spir'it), n. the soul; the in- 
telligent, immaterial, immortal part 
of man; life; disembodied soul; ap- 
parition; courage; energy; vivacity; 
power of mind, moral and intel- 
lectual; genius; real meaning; es- 
sence; any liquid produced by dis- 
tillation; alcohol; pi. intoxicants, as 
brandy, &c; liveliness; natural vi- 
vacity: v.t. to take away suddenly 
or secretly. 

spirit-rapping (-rap'ing), n. a spir- 
itualistic Manifestation, character- 
ized by rapping, table-turning, &c. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SPIRITUAL 



677 



SPOIL 



spiritual (spir'it-u-al), adj. incor- 
poreal; not material; possessing 
the nature or qualitites of a spirit; 
mental or intellectual; pure; holy; 
heavenly-minded; not lay or tem- 
poral; ecclesiastical. 

spiritualism (-izm), n. the state of 
being spiritual; the philosophical 
doctrine that nothing is real except 
soul or spirit; the belief that cer- 
tain alleged phenomena, as rapping, 
table-turning, trances, &c, are 
caused by the presence of departed 
spirits who thus manifest their pres- 
ence; the tenets and practices of 
spiritualists. 

spirituality (-al'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being spiritual; spiritual 
nature; essence as distinguished 
from matter; that which belongs to 
the church or religion. 

spiritualize (-Iz), v.t. to free from 
sensuality; make spiritual; give a 
spiritual meaning to. 

spirituelle (-u-el'), adj. refined; ethe- 
real; pure. 

spirituous (spir'it-u-us), adj. hav- 
ing the quality of spirit; pure; im- 
material; alcoholic; ardent. 

spirograph (spi'ro-graf), n. an in- 
strument for recording graphically 
respiratory movements. 

spirometer (-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the capacity 
of the lungs. 

spite (spit), n. ill-will or hatred to- 
ward another, with the desire to 
thwart or injure; petty malice; 
grudge: v.t. to try to injure or 
thwart; annoy. 

spitfire (spit 'fir), n. a very violent 
or passionate person. 

spittle ('1), n. saliva; sputum. 

spitz-dog (spitz'dog), n. a small va- 
riety of Pomeranian dog. 

splat terdash (-dash), n. uproar; 
noise: pi. same as spatterdashes. 

splay (spla), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. splayed, 
p.pr. splaying], to dislocate, as the 
shoulder bone of a horse; slope or 
slant: n. a sloped surface: adj. 
turned or spreading outward. 



spleen (splen), n. a soft vascular or- 
gan near the large extremity of the 
stomach, supposed by the ancients 
to be the seat of anger, melancholy, 
or vexation: hence a fit of ill-hu- 
mor, melancholy, or latent spite. 

spleget (splej'et), n. a wet cloth for 
washing a wound. 

splendent (splen'dent), adj. bril- 
liant; illustrious; shining; very 
conspicuous. 

splendid ('did), adj. magnificent; 
very bright; brilliant; famous; he- 
roic; celebrated; sumptuous. 

splendor ('der), n. the appearance 
of anything splendid; magnificence; 
pomp. 

splenetic (sple-net'ik), adj. fretful; 
peevish; melancholy. 

splenic (splen 'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the spleen. 

splice (splls), v.t. to unite, as two 
ropes, by interweaving the strands; 
connect, as pieces of wood or metal, 
by overlapping parts and making 
them fast together; to unite in mar- 
riage: n. the union of ropes, &c, by 
interweaving or joining. 

splint (splint), n. a splinter; a thin 
piece of wood to keep a broken 
bone, &c, in position; a hard ex- 
crescence on the shank-bone of a 
horse. 

splint-coal ('kol), n. a variety of 
coal with a slaty structure. 

splinter (splin'ter), n. a thin piece 
of wood, &c, split or rent off length- 
wise; fragment: v.t. to split or rend 
into long thin pieces; shiver: v.i. to 
be rent into splinters. 

splotch (sploch), n. a stain; daub. 

splurge (splerj), n. a great display. 

splutter (splut'er), v.i. to speak 
hastily and confusedly; scatter ink 
upon a paper, as with a bad pen: n. 
sl confused noise; stir; commotion. 

spomsh (spof'ish), adj. bustling 
about trifling matters. 

spoil (spoil), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. spoiled, 
spoilt, p.pr. spoiling], to take away 
by force; plunder; corrupt; vitiate; 
ruin; destroy: v.i. to become use- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SPOKESHAVE 



678 



SPOUT 



less; decay: n. that which is taken 
from another by violence; pillage; 
plunder; booty. 

spokeshave ('shav), n. a kind of 
double-handled plane for dressing 
curved work. 

spoliation (spo-li-a'shun), n. the act 
of plundering or robbery, especially 
in time of war; injury done to a 
document. 

spondaic (spon-da'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to a spondee. 

spondee ('de), n. a poetic foot of 
two long syllables ( ). 

spondyl ('dil), n. a vertebra. 

sponge (spunj), n. the porous, elastic, 
fibrous framework of any species 
of Spongida; any substance re- 
sembling sponge; a mop for cleans- 
ing a gun after its discharge; point 
of a horseshoe-; parasite: v.i. to 
suck in like a sponge; live upon 
others: v.t. cleanse or wipe with a 
sponge; obtain by mean arts with- 
out cost. 

spongious (spon'ji-us), adj. sponge- 
like. 

spongy (spun'ji), adj. flexible and 
full of small cavities; like a sponge; 
having the quality of imbibing fluids; 
wet and soft; rainy. 

sponsion (spon'shun), n. the act of 
becoming surety for another; an 
engagement on behalf of a state 
pending ratification. 

sponson ('sun), n. the triangular 
space before and abaft the paddle- 
boxes of a steamboat; one of the 
armored projections with gun ports 
of a warship. 

sponsor ('ser), n. a surety; a god- 
father or godmother. 

sponsorial (-so'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to a sponsor. 

sponsorship ('ship), n. state or po- 
sition of being a sponsor. 

spontaneity (-ta-ne'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being spontaneous; tend- 
ency in animal and vegetable organ- 
isms to undergo changes irrespective 
of environment. 

spontaneous (-ta'ne-us), adj. pro- 



ceeding from natural disposition or 
impulses; acting by internal im- 
pulse or natural law. 

spook (spook), n. a ghost. 

spoony ('i), n. a simpleton: adj. 
weak-minded; demonstratively fond. 

spoor (spoor) t n. the track or trail 
of any wild animal. 

sporades (spor'a-dez), n.pl : stars not 
included in any constellation. 

sporadic (spo-rad'ik), adj. occurring 
separately or apart from others of 
the same kind; single. Also spo- 
radical. 

sporadic disease (diz-ez'), n. a dis- 
ease, usually epidemic, attacking 
only a few in a particular district 
and not spreading. 

spore (spor), n. a minute grain in 
cryptogamous plants which performs 
the function of a seed; a minute 
ovoid body in certain organisms 
which gives rise to new organisms 
by germination. 

sporran (spor'an), n. the furry pouch 
worn in Highland costume in front 
of the kilt. 

sporting man (man), n. [pi. sport- 
ing men], a fast man; gambler; a 
sportsman. 

sportive ('iv), adj. frolicsome; mer- 
ry. 

sportsman (sports'man), n. [pi. 
sportsmen ('men) ], one who pur- 
sues the sports of the field, as hunt- 
ing, &c. Fern, sportswoman. 

sporule (spor'ul), n. a granule with 
a spore. 

spotlight ('lit), n. an_ adjustable 
calcium fight for throwing a shift- 
ing light on a stage, so as to keep 
a player within its rays. 

spot-stroke . ('strok), n. a particular 
stroke off the red ball when on the 
spot. 

spotter ('er), n. a detective. 

spousals (spou'zals), n.pl. marriage; 
nuptials. 

spouse (spouz), n. a married person. 

spout (spout), n. the projecting 
mouth of a vessel; pipe for conduct- 
ing a liquid; lift or shoot: v.t. to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SPRAG 



679 



SQUAD 



throw out forcibly and abundantly, 
as from a- pipe; pawn: v.i. issue 
with violence, as from a pipe. 

sprag (sprag), n. a young salmon or 
cod. 

sprain (spran), n. an excessive strain 
of the muscles or ligaments of a 
joint without dislocation: v.t. to 
overstrain (the muscles or ligaments 
of a joint) without dislocation. 

sprat (sprat), n. a small fish. 

sprawl (sprawl), v.i. to stretch the 
body carelessly when in a horizontal 
position; lie; stretch or toss out the 
limbs or move awkwardly; open ir- 
regularly, as cavalry; spread in an 
irregular manner, as a plant. 

spread-eagle ('e-gl), adj. defiantly 
bombastic: n. the figure of an eagle 
with its wings elevated and its legs 
extended; the heraldic emblem of 
the United States. 

spree (spre), n. a merry frolic; carousal. 

spright (sprit), n. a sprite. 

sprightly ('li), adj. {corny, spright- 
"ler, superl. sprightliest],' vivacious; 
risk; _ animated; airy; gay: adv. 
th vivacity. 

springbok ('bok), n. the South Af- 
rican gazelle. 

springe (sprinj), n. a gin or noose. 

springing ('ing), n. the act or process 
of leaping; growth, the point at 
which an arch unites with its sup- 
port. 

springtide ('tid), n. the tide which 
happens at or near the new and full 
moon; springtime. 

springy ('i), adj. elastic; light; 
spongy. 

sprinkle (spring'kl), v.t. to scatter 
in small drops; baptize with a few 
drops of water; cleanse or purify: 
v.i. to rain in small drops: n. a 
sprinkling. 

sprint (sprint), n. a run for a short 
distance at full speed: v.i. to run at 
full speed. 

sprinter (sprint'er), n. a speedy run- 
ner. 

sprit (sprit), v.i. to bud or sprout: n. 
a sprout or shoot; a small spar 



which raises diagonally the peak of 
the sail of a boat. 

sprite (sprit), n. a ghost; a spirit. 

sprout (sprout), v.i. to germinate; 
shoot, as the seed of a plant: n. a 
shoot; bud: pi. Brussels sprouts. 

spruce (sproos), n. a fir tree of the 
genus Picea; wood of the spruce 
tree; a fermented beverage made 
from spruce leaves, &c: adj. smart; 
trim; neat; dandified: v.t. to dress 
with affected neatness. 

spud (spud), n. a potato. 

spume (spurn), n. froth; foam: v.i. 
to foam. 

spumy ('i), n. frothy ; foamy. 

spunk (spungk), n. touchwood; met- 
tle. 

spurious (spu'ri-us), adj. not genu- 
ine; counterfeit; illegitimate; false. 

spurn (spern), v.t. to drive away, as 
with the foot; reject with contempt; 
treat with disdain: v.i. to manifest 
contempt in rejecting anything: n. 
disdainful rejection. 

spurrier (spur'i-er), n. a spur maker. 

spurt (spert), v.i. to issue forth sud- 
denly or violently in a stream or 
jet; make a sudden brief effort: v.t. 
to throw out in a stream or jet: n. 
2b sudden or forcible ejection of a 
liquid; brief, sudden effort. 

sputter (sput'er), v.i. to throw out 
moisture in scattered drops; speak 
rapidly and indistinctly; spit: v.t. 
to emit in small particles with a 
crackling or spluttering noise: n. 
moist matter thrown out in small 
drops. 

sputum (spu'tum), n. saliva; spittle. 

squab (skwob), n. a person of short, 
fat figure; kind of sofa; stuffed 
cushion; nestling of a pigeon: adj. 
short and fat; bulky: adv. with a 
heavy fall. 

squab-pie ('pi), n. pigeon-pie. 

squabble ('1), v.i. to wrangle or dis- 
pute in a noisy manner: v.t. to dis- 
arrange: said of type set up: n. a, 
noisy wrangle; dispute. 

squad (skwod), n. a small party of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ate, £ 



SQUADRON 



680 



STADIUM 



soldiers assembled for drill, &c; any 

small party. 

squadron ('run), n. a division of a 
regiment of cavalry, comprising two 
troops; detachment of war vessels 
employed in some particular service. 

squalid (skwol'id), adj. extremely 
dirty; foul; poverty-stricken. 

squall (skwawl), n. a sudden and 
violent gust of wind, often accom- 
panied with rain, sleet, &c; a loud 
scream: v.i. to scream or cry vio- 
lently. 

squaloid (skwa'loid), adj. shark-like. 

squalor (skwol'er or skwa'lor), n. 
foulness; dirt. 

squamoid (skwa/moid), adj. scaly. 

squamose ('mos), adj. covered with, 
or like, scales. Also squamous. 

squander (skwon'der), v.t. to spend 
lavishly or wastefully; dissipate; 
v.i. to be wasteful or prodigal. 

square measure (mezh'er), n. the 
square of a lineal measure. 

square-rigged ('rigd), adj. having 
the sails extended on yards suspend- 
ed horizontally by the middle. 

square-root ('root), n. that number 
or quantity which, multiplied by 
itself, produces the given number or 
quantity, as 2 is the square root of 4. 

squash (skwosh), v.t. to crush, espe- 
cially into a flat mass or pulp: n. 
something soft and easily crushed; 
something unripe and soft; unripe 
pea cod; shock of soft bodies; sud- 
den fall of a soft body; a gourd. 

squash-bug (skwosh-bug), n. an 
insect of an offensive odor, which 
ravages squash vines. 

squash-court (skwosh-kort), n. a 
court where the game of squash is 
played. 

squatter ('er), n. one who squats; 
one who settles on new or unculti- 
vated land without a title; in Aus- 
tralia and New Zealand, one who 
leases land for pasturing sheep from 
the Government. 

squaw (skwaw), n. sl North Amer- 
ican Indian woman or wife. 

squeak (skwek), v.i. to utter a short, 



shrill, sharp cry; make a sharp dis- 
agreeable noise; break silence; con- 
fess; n. a short, shrill, sharp cry; a 
sharp disagreeable noise. 

squeal .(skwel), v.i. to cry with a 
sharp, shrill, prolonged sound; to 
turn informer: n. a sharp, shrill, 
prolonged sound. 

squeamish (skwem'ish), adj. sickish 
at stomach; easily disgusted; nice 
to excess in taste; fastidious about 
trifles; scrupulous. 

squeegee (skwe'je), n. a hoe-shaped 
implement with an india-rubber edge 
or plate for cleaning pavements. 

squeeze (skwez), v.t. to press be- 
tween two bodies; crush; embrace 
forcibly; compress; force by com- 
pression; cause to pass: v.i. press; 
push between close bodies: n. the 
act of squeezing; compression be- 
tween bodies; facsimile in some soft 
substance; a forcible embrace. 

squelch (skwelch), v.t. to crush; 
silence: n. a heavy blow. 

squib (skwib), n. a land of firework; 
petty lampoon; sarcastic publica- 
tion: v.i. to use or write squibs or 
sarcastic reflections; contend in 
petty dispute. 

squid (skwid), n. a name for various 
10-armed cephalopds; cuttlefish. 

squill (skwil), n. a genus of plants 
allied to the lily, used in medicine. 

squint (skwint), adj. looking ob- 
liquely: said of the eyes: v.i. to see 
or look obliquely; have the vision 
distorted: v.t. to cause to squint: n. 
the act or habit of looking obliquely. 

squire (skwir), n. title of a justice of 
the peace; in England the owner of a 
large farm. 

squirm (skwerm), v.i. to wriggle; 
writhe. 

stability (sta-bil'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being stable or firm; firm- 
ness of character; strength of pur- 
pose or resolution; fixedness. Also 
stableness. 

stadium (sta'di-um), n. [pi. stadia 
.(-&) ], a Greek linear measure = 
606 % ft.; the course for foot-races 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; booi 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

i 



STAG 



681 



STANDARD 



at the Olympic games: hence a race- 
course. 

stag (stag), n. the male of the red 
deer; male of the ox kind, castrated 
at a certain age; an outside irregu- 
lar dealer in stocks. 

stag-beetle ('be-tl), n. a beetle hav- 
ing, in the male, mandibles resem- 
bling a stag's horn. 

stager (sta/jer), n. a horse for draw- 
ing a stage coach; one who has long 
acted on the stage of life; a person 
practiced in cunning; one who is ex- 
perienced; a player. 

stagger (stag'er), v.i. to totter or 
reel; begin to doubt, weary or give 
way; hesitate: v.t. to cause to totter 
or reel; shock; make less confident: 
n. a sudden reeling or tottering : pi. a 
disease of horses and cattle; vertigo. 

staging (staj'ing), n. a temporary 
structure of boards and posts; busi- 
ness of running and managing stage 
coaches; style of play production. 

stagnancy (stag'nan-si), n. the state 
or quality of being stagnant. 

stagnant ('nant), adj. not flowing, 
or running in a stream; motionless; 
not brisk; torpid; dull. 

stagnate ('nat), v.i. to cease to flow 
or run; be motionless; become tor- 
pid, inactive, or dull; become impure 
or foul. 

stagnation (-na'shun), n. the state 
or quality of being stagnant. 

stagy (sta'ji), adj. characteristic of 
the stage; unreal. 

staid (stad), adj. sober; sedate; reg- 
ular; steady; not volatile. 

staircase ('kas), n. a set of steps in 
a house with railings, &c. 

staith (stath), n. an elevated staging 
upon a wharf with a line of rails for 
discharging coals, &c. 

stake-holder (stak'hold-er), n. the 
one who holds the money on a 
wager, to be turned over to the 
winner. 

stalactite (stal-ak'tit), n. an icicle- 
like incrustation of carbonate of 
lime, &c, formed by percolation in 
caverns, &c. 



stalagmite (-ag'mlt), n. a cone of 
carbonate of lime, &c, formed on 
the floor of a cavern in a similar 
manner to a stalactite. 

stalemate ('mat), n. the position of 
a king in chess, when he cannot 
move without being placed in check: 
v.t. to subject to stalemate; bring to 
a stand. 

stalking-horse ('ing-hors), n. a horse, 
or figure of a horse, behind which a 
hunter conceals himself from his 
game; a mask. 

stallage ('aj), n. rent paid for a 
stall; right of erecting a stall at a 
fair. 

stallion (stal'yun), n. an uncastrated 
male horse kept for breeding. 

stalwart (stawl'wert), adj. sturdy; 
strong; tall and stout; brave; dar- 
ing. 

stamen (sta'men), n. the male organ 
of a flower. 

stamina (stam'in-a), n.pl. tone and 
vigor of the animal system; back- 
bone; power of endurance. 

staminal ('in-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or consisting in, stamens or stami- 
na; tonic. 

staminiferous (-if'er-us), adj. bear- 
ing stamens. 

stammer (stam'er), v.i. to hesitate 
or falter in speaking, especially from 
an impediment in speech; stutter: 
v.t. to utter or pronounce with dif- 
ficulty or hesitation: n. difficulty in 
pronouncing or speaking; stutter. 

stampede (stam-ped'), n. a sudden 
panic seizing a herd of animals caus- 
ing them to run violently away; any 
sudden flight or rush: v.t. to cause 
to take to sudden flight: v.i. to start 
off in a panic. 

stanch (stanch), adj. firm; constant; 
trustworthy; zealous: v.t. to stop 
the flowing of, as blood. Also 
staunch. 

stanchion (stan'shun), n. a support 
or post of iron or wood. 

standard ('erd), n. an ensign or flag, 
especially a national ensign; that 
which is established by authority as 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



STANDARDIZE 



682 



STATELY 



a fixed rule or measure; established 
rule or model; criterion; a standing 
tree not supported by a wall; pro- 
portion of weights cf fine metal and 
alloy established by authority. 

standardize (stand'erd-Iz), v.t. to 
cause to conform to a standard; to 
regulate in conformity to a standard. 

standing ('ing), n. the act of stop- 
ping or of being erect on the feet; 
duration; maintenance of position; 
reputation; rank or status: adj. re- 
maining erect: stagnant; lasting; 
established or settled; fixed. 

stand-patter (stand-pat'er), n. a pol- 
itician who sticks to his party under 
all circumstances. 

stanhope (stan'hop or 'up), n. a 
light two-wheeled carriage without a 
top. 

stannary (stan'a-ri), n. [pi. stanna- 
ries (-riz)], a tin mine or works: 
adj. pertaining to tin mines. 

stannic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
got from, tin. 

stanza ('za), n. a number of lines or 
verses connected with and adjusted 
to each other, usually ending in a 
pause; part of a poem containing 
every variation of measure in the 
poem. 

stapes (sta/pez), n. the stirrup bone 
of the ear. 

staple (sta'pl), n. the chief produc- 
tion or industry of a country or dis- 
trict; settled market or emporium; 
principal element or topic; unmanu- 
factured or raw material, as cotton, 
flax, or wool fiber; loop of metal 
for holding a bolt, &c: adj. chief; 
regularly produced; established in 
commerce: v.t. to sort according to 
its staple, as cotton, &c. 

stapler ('pier), n. one who deals in 
staple commodities; a wool sorter. 

starboard ('bord), n. the right-hand 
side of a vessel looking toward the 
bow: adj. pertaining to, or lying on 
the right side of a vessel: v.t. to put 
to the right or starboard side of a 



Star Chamber (cham'ber), n. an an- 



cient civil and criminal court at 
Westminster, notorious for its des- 
potism and injustice during the 
reign of Charles I. 

starch (starch), n. a widely diffused 
vegetable substance: used for laun- 
dry purposes, &c: v.t. to stiffen with 
starch; make stiff. 

stark (stark), adj. stiff; strong: adv. 
wholly or completely. 

starling (star'lmg), n. a passerine 
bird of the genus Sturnus; piles 
driven round the piers of a bridge 
for its protection. 

starred (stard), p. adj. decorated with 
stars; influenced by the stars. 

starry ('i), adj. abounding in, con- 
sisting of, or proceeding from, stars; 
star-shaped. 

starstone ('ston), n. a variety of 
sapphire. 

starthroat (star'throt), n. a hum- 
ming-bird. 

startle (start '1), v.i. to move sudden- 
ly, as by an alarm; to feel sudden 
alarm: v.t. to frighten suddenly; 
shock. 

starvation (star-va/shun), n. the 
state of being starved. 

starve (starv), v.i. to suffer extreme 
hunger; perish with hunger or cold: 
v.t. subdue by famine; destroy by 
want of any kind. 

starveling ('ling), adj. hungry; weak; 
lean: n. a thin, weak, pining animal 
or plant. 

stasis (sta'sis), n. arrest of the cir- 
culation of blood in the vessels. 

state (stat), h. circumstances or con- 
dition; position or situation; case; 
quality; pomp; principal persons 
constituting the government of a 
country; legislature; whole body of 
people united under one government; 
civil power: adj. pertaining to the 
body politic; used 6n state occa- 
sions; ceremonial: v.t. to express 
the details of; represent fully in 
words; narrate. 

stately ('li), adj. [comp. statelier, 
superl. stateliest], grand; majestic; 
dignified; displaying state or dignity. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; mo, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



STATEMENT 



683 



STEER 



statement ('merit), n. the act of stat- 
ing; that which is stated; narrativa 
or recital. 

stater (sta'ter), n. a gold coin of an- 
cient Greece. 

statesman (stats'man), n. [pi. states- 
men ('men) ], one who is skilled in 
public affairs and the art of govern- 
ment; politician. 

state-trial ('trl-al), n. a trial for 
political offenses. 

static (stat'ik), adj. pertaining to 
bodies at rest or in equilibrium; act- 
ing by mere weight without produc- 
ing motion. Also statical: n.pl. that 
branch of mechanics which treats of 
the equilibrium, pressure, weight, 
&c, of bodies at rest. 

station (sta'shun), n. place where a 
person or thing stands; position; 
rank or condition of life;' class or 
order; place on a railway for pas- 
sengers or goods; district police of- 
fice; military quarters; post for 
war-vessels: v.t. to place in a cer- 
tain post, rank, or situation; ap- 
point or assign. 

stationary (-a-ri), adj. fixed; not 
moving; not improving. 

stationer ('shun-er), n. one who 
sells paper, pens, pencils, writing 
materials, &c. 

stationery (-er'i), n. stationer's ar- 
ticles. 

statist (sta'tist), n. sl statistician. 

statistic (sta-tis'tik), adj. pertaining 
to statistics. Also statistical. 

statistician (stat-is-tish'an), n. one 

■ skilled in statistics. 

statistics (sta-tis'tiks), n. the sci- 
ence of the classification and ar- 
rangement of facts relating to the 
condition of a people or class, do- 
mestic economy, health, longevity, 
&c. 

statpr (sta'ter), n. the part of a dy- 
namo or motor which remains at 
rest. 

statuary (stat'ti-a-ri), n. a sculptor; 
the art of carving statues; statues 
collectively. 

statue ('u), n. the representation of 



a living being sculptured or modeled 
in some solid material: v.t. to form 
a statue of; place, as a statue. 

statuesque (-u-esk'), adj. having the 
characteristics of a statue; immo- 
bile. 

statuette (-u-ef), n. a little statue. 

stature ('tir), n. the natural height. 

status (sta'tus), n. condition; social 
standing or place; rank. 

status quo (kwo), present or pre- 
vious condition or position. 

statutable (stat'u-ta-bl), adj. made 
or introduced by statute; according 
to law or statute. 

statute ('tit), n. a law expressly en- 
acted by the legislature of a country 
or state; written law; an act of a 
corporation or of its founders, de- 
signed to be a permanent rule. 

statutory ('u-to-ri), adj. enacted by 
statute; depending on statute for its 
authority. 

stead (sted), n. the place or room 
which another had or might have. 

steadfast ('fast), adj. firmly fixed or 
established; steady; constant; uni- 
form. 

stealth (stelth), n. secret means em- 
ployed to accomplish an object; un- 
derhand procedure. 

stealty ('i), adj. [comp. stealthier, 
superl. stealthiest], done or per- 
formed by stealth; clandestine; sly. 

steamy ('i), adj. consisting of, or 
. like, steam. 

stearate (ste'a-rat), n. any salt of 
stearic acid. 

steelyard ('yard), n. a kind of bal- 
ance, consisting of a single weight 
moved along a graduated beam. 

steening (sten'ing), n. a fining of 
stone, brick, &c, of a well or similar 
structure. 

steeple (ste'pl), n. a tower or turret 
tapering to a point; spue. 

steeple-chase ,(-chas), n. a kind of 
cross-country horse-race. 

steepled ('pld), adj. furnished with, 
like, or adorned with, a steeple. 

steer (ster), n. a young male of the 
ox kind; bullock: v.t. to direct the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



STEERAGE 



684 



STERNSHEETS 



% course of (a vessel) with the helm; 
control; guide: v.i. to direct a ship 
in its course; move; be governed. 

steerage ('aj), n. the act or practice 
of steering; that part of a ship al- 
lotted to the poorer passengers. 

steerage- way (-wa), n. rate of mo- 
tion through the water of a vessel 
sufficient to enable her to feel the 
effect of the helm. 

steere (ster), v.t. to give a certain 
angle of elevation to (the bowsprit 
of a vessel). 

stein (stin), n. a mug for lager beer. 

steinbock (stin'bok), n. a small an- 
telope of South Africa. Also steenbok. 

stellar (stel'ar), adj. pertaining to 
stars; astral; starry. Also stellary. 

stellate ('at), adj. star-like; radiated. 

stelliform ('i-form), • adj. star- 
shaped. 

stellular ('u-lar), adj. radiated. 

stencil (sten'sil), n. a thin plate of 
metal with a pattern, &c, cut out, 
used for marking, &c: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. stenciled, p.pr. stenciling], to 
mark or color with a stencil. 

stenograph ('o-graf), n. writing in 
shorthand: v.t. to write or report 
in shorthand. 

stenographer (ste-nog'ra-fer), n. a 
shorthand writer. Also stenogra- 
phist. 

stenography (ste-nog'ra-fi), n. the 
art of writing in shorthand. 

Stentor (sten'ter), n. a person with 
a very powerful voice: from the 
Greek herald in the Trojan War. 

stentorian (-to'ri-an), adj. extremely 
loud. 

steppe (step), n. a name for the vast 
barren plains of Russia. 

stere (star), n. in the metric system, 
a unit of cubic- measure = 35.31 
cubic feet. 

stereo, a prefix meaning solid, firm, 
as stereogram, a picture represent- 
ing objects on a plane surface as if 
in relief: n. an dbbr. of stereotype. 
Also stereograph. 

stereometer (ster-e-om'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for measuring the solid 



contents of a body; an instrument 
for determining specific gravity. 

stereometry (-om'e-tri), n. the ar| 
of measuring the cubical contents 
of bodies; the art of determining 
the specific gravity of bodies. 

stereopticon (-op'ti-kon), n. a mag* 
ic-lantern snowing photographic 
slides as if in relief. 

stereoscope (ster'e-o-Si.op), n. a bi- 
nocular optical instrument by means 
of which two pictures appear as one 
and stand out in relief. 

stereoscopic (-skop'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, characteristic of, or adapted 
to, the stereoscope. Also stereo- 
scopical. 

stereotelescope (ster'e-o-tel'e-skop), 
n. a binocular telescope that may be 
used in military operations as a 
range-finder. 

stereotype ('e-o-tip), n. a metal 
plate cast from a mold taken from 
a page of movable types: v.t. [pj^ 
& p.p. stereotyped, p.pr. stereotyp- 
ing], to cast or print in stereotype; 
fix permanently: adj. pertaining to, 
or done by, stereotype. 

sterile ('il), adj. barren; producing 
little or no crop; destitute of ideas. 

sterility (-il'i-ti), n. barrenness; in- 
fecundity. 

sterilization (-za/shun), n. the act 
or process of rendering sterile; state 
of being sterile. 

sterilize ('il-iz), v.t. to make sterile; 
deprive of the power of reproduc- 
tion, as bacteria. 

sterling ('ling), adj. pure; unadul- 
terated; genuine; noting English 
money of standard value; of highj 
merit. 

stern (stern), adj. harsh or severe ir 
countenance or manners; austere; 1 
unrelenting; steadfast; being in the \ 
stern: n. the after part of a vessel. 

sternal ('al), adj. pertaining to the 
sternum. 

sternum ('urn), n. the breast bone. 

sternsheets ('shetz), n. that part of 
a boat furnished with seats for pas- 
sengers. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon,, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



STERNWAY 



685 



STIMULATE 



sternway ('wa), n. movement of a 
vessel backwards. 

stertorous (ster'to-rus), adj. charac- 
terized by deep snoring. 

stet (stet), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stetted, 
p.pr. stetting], to mark with the 
word stet (let it stand) on a proof, 
indicating that something marked 
for omission is to remain. 

stethomete. ' ^th-om'e-ter), n. an 
apparatus for measuring the exter- 
nal movements of the walls of the 
chest during respiration. 

stethoscope ('o-skop), n. an instru- 
ment for examining the chest, or 
ascertaining diseases of the chest by 
sound produced in the thorax. 

stethoscopic (-skop'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or by means of, the stetho- 
scope. Also stethoscopical. 
j stethoscopy ('o-skd-pi), n. examina- 
tion by the stethoscope. 

steve (stev), v.t. to stow in a ship's hold. 

stevedore ('e-dor), n. one who loads 
or unloads a vessel in port, or stows 
cargo in a ship's hold. 

stew (stu), v.t. to boil slowly or with 
a simmering heat: v.i. to be boiled 
slowly or gently: n. a dish pre- 
pared by stewing; a store-pond: pi. 
a brothel. 

steward ('erd), n. one who manages 
the domestic concerns of a family 
or institution; manager of a large 
estate or farm; person employed at 
a hotel, club, or on board ship to 
superintend culinary affairs; a col- 
lege official who superintends the 
kitchen arrangements; a fiscal agent; 
an officer of the royal household; 
manager at races, sports, &c. 

stewardship (-ship), n. the office of 
a steward; management. 

sthenic (sthen'ik), adj. character- 
ized by morbid activity of the heart 
and blood vessels. 

stiacciato (ste-at-cha/to), n. in sculp- 
ture, the lowest kind of relief. 

sticcado (stik-a'do), n. a musical in- 
strument of wooden bars of gradu- 
ated lengths, played with a small 
mallet. 



stickle ('1), v.i. to wrangle cr contend 
pertinaciously, especially on insuf- 
ficient grounds, for something of 
little importance. 

stickleback (-bak), n. a spiny-backed 
fish. 

sticky ('i), adj. [comp. stickier, su- 
per!, stickiest], adhesive; glutinous; 
viscous. 

stiff-necked ('nekt), adj. inflexibly 
obstinate; stubborn. 

stifle (stif 1), v.t. to suffocate ; smother; 
extinguish; deaden; suppress or con- 
ceal: v.i. to be suffocated: n. the first 
joint above a horse's thigh, next the 
buttock. 

stigma (stig'ma), n. [pi. stigmas, 
stigmata ('maz, 'ma-ta)], a mark 
made with a branding-iron; mark of 
infamy or disgrace; the receptive 
upper part of the pistil of a flower 
on which the pollen which fertilizes 
it falls: pi. the counterparts of the 
marks of the wounds in Christ's 
body, supposed to be impressed on 
the bodies of certain saints (stig- 
mata). 

stigmatize ('ma-tlz), v.t. to mark 
with a stigma or brand; hold up to 
disgrace, reproach, or infamy. 

stile (stil), n. a set of steps to pass 
from one side of a fence or wall, &c, 
to the other; the gnomon of a sun- 
.dial; an upright piece in framing 
or paneling. 

stiletto (sti-let'o), n. a small dagger 
with a thin, rounded, and pointed 
blade; pointed instrument for mak- 
ing eyelet holes. 

stilt (stilt), n. a pole of wood with a 
rest for the foot: used in pairs in 
walking: v.t. to set or raise on stilts. 

stilted ('ed), adj. inflated; pompous. 

stilton (stil 'tun), n. a rich kind of 
cheese. 

stimulant (stim'u-lant), adj. serving 
to stimulate; producing transient in- 
crease of vital energy: n.pl. medi- 
cines or alcoholic beverages having 
such an effect. 

stimulate ('u-lat), v.t. to excite or 
rouse; animate; goad; encourage: 



J ate, arm, 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, ^not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



STIMULUS 



686 



SOLIDITY 



excite greater vitality in: v.i. to act 
as a stimulus. 

stimulus ('u-lus), n. [pi. stimuli 
(-11)], that which stimulates; a spur; 
anything exciting to action; incen- 
tive; stimulant. 

stingaree ('ga-re), n. the sting-ray. 

stint (stint), v.t. to restrain within 
certain limits: v.i. to stop or cease: 
n. a limit; quantity assigned. 

stipe (stip), n. the stalk of a frond 
or of a pistil; stem of a fungus. 
Also stipes. 

stipend (sti'pend), n. salary, espe- 
cially clerical income. 

stipendiary (-pen'di-a-ri), adj. re- 
ceiving stipend or salary: n. one 
who performs services for a salary. 

stipple (stip'l), v.t. to engrave by 
means of dots; paint by small, short 
touches. 

stippler ( r ler), n. a brush used for 
stippling. 

stipulate ('u-lat), v.t. to arrange or 
settle definitely or by special men- 
tion. 

stipulation (-u-la'shun), n. the act 
of stipulating; contract, agreement, 
or bargain; a special condition in a 
contract. 

stipulator ('u-la-ter), n. one who 
stipulates, contracts, or covenants. 

stipule ('ul), n. a small leaf-like ap- 
pendage at the base of petioles. 

stirabout ('a-bout), n. oatmeal por- 
ridge. 

stirk (sterk), n. a young bull or 
heifer. 

stirps (sterps), n. [pi. stirpes Cpez) ], 
family; race; stem; root. 

stirrer (ster'er), n. one who stirs 

stirring ('ing), n. the act of moving: 
adj. busy; bustling; exciting; stim- 
ulating. 

stirrup (stir'up or ster'up), n. an 
iron hoop suspended by a strap in 
which a horseman sets his foot when 
he mounts or rides. 

stithy (stith'i), n. a smith's forge; 
anvil. 

stive (stiv), v.t. to make close, hot, 



or sultry; stuff up; pack or press 
closely together: v.i. to be stifled. 

stiver ('er), n. a Dutch coin, value 
2 cents: hence anything of little 
value. 

stoa (sto'a), n. a portico or porch. 

stoat (stot), n. a weasel. 

stoccade (sto-kad'), n. a thrust in 
fencing. 

stockade (-ad'), n. a line of posts 
used as a barrier for defense or en- 
closure for cattle: v.t. to surround 
with, or defend by, a stockade. 

stockfish ('fish), n. salted and dried 
fish. 

stockinet (-i-nef), n. an elastic tex- 
tile fabric. 

stockjobber ('job-er), n. one who 
deals or speculates in stocks and 
shares. 

stockstill ('stil), adj. motionless. 

stodgy (stoj'i), adj. wet. 

Stoic (sto'ik), n. a disciple of the 
..Greek philosopher Zeno, who taught 
that a wise man should be governed 
by the reason, subdue all passions, 
and be indifferent to pleasure or 
pain: one who proposes such doc- 
trines: adj. pertaining to the Stoics; 
indifferent to pleasure or pain. Sto- 
ical. 

stoicism (sto'i-sizm), n. the doctrines 
and maxims of the stoics; real or 
assumed insensibility to pleasure or 
pain. 

stoke (stok), v.t. maintain and tend \ 
the fire in: as, to stoke a furnace: 
v.i. to act as a stoker. 

stoker ('er), n. one who supplies fuel 
to, and attends to the furnace of an 
engine ; a fireman. 

stola (sto'la), n. [pi. stolae ('le)], a 
long, loose garment worn by Roman 
matrons. 

stole (stol), n. a stola; a long, narrow 
scarf fringed at the ends, worn by 
bishops, priests, and deacons of the 
Roman Catholic and Anglican 
Churches; p.t. of steal. 

stolid (stol'id), adj. stupid; dull. 

stolidity ('i-ti), n. the state or quality 
of being stolid; intellectual dulness. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



STOLON 



687 



STRAIT-JACKET 



stolon (stolon), n. a trailing branch 
or creeping sucker which sends down 
roots. 

stoma ('ma), n. [pi. stomata (sto'- 
ma-ta)], a minute breathing pore or 
aperture. 

stomach (sturn'ak), n. the principal 
organ of digestion in the body; ap- 
petite; inclination; haughtiness: v.t. 
to resent; put up with. 

stomacher ('a-ker), n. an ornamen- 
tal breast covering, worn by women. 

stomatic (sto-raat'ik), n. a medicine 
for diseases of the mouth. 

stomp, another form of stamp. 

Stone Age (aj), n. the period of civ- 
ilization when stone weapons, im- 
plements, &c, were used prior to in- 
troduction of bronze. 

stone-blind ('blind), adj. quite blind. 

stoneware ('war), n. a coarse kind 
of pottery baked hard and glazed. 

stony ('i), adj. [comp. stonier, su- 
perl. stoniest], pertaining to, of the 
nature of, or like, stone; rocky; 
hard; cruel; inflexible* pitiless. . 

stool-pigeon (stool' pij'un), n. a 
dupe; one who is a decoy for another 
in a swindling game. 

stoppage ('aj), n. the act of stop- 
ping; state of being stopped; ob- 
struction; deduction from pay. 

stopple ('1), n. a cork or plug: v.t. 
to close with a stopple. 

storage (stor'aj), n. safe keeping of 
goods in a warehouse, &c; price for 
storage. 

stormy ('i), adj. [comp. stormier, su- 
perl. stormiest], characterized by, or 
proceeding from, storms; tempestu- 
ous; violent. 

Storthing (stort'ing), n. the Norwe- 
gian Parliament. 

stoup (stoop), n. a flagon; receptacle 
for holy water; a liquid measure. 

stout (stout), adj. corpulent; thick- 
set; stormy; lusty; brave; resolute: 
n. a strong kind of porter. 

stovaine (sto'vane), n. a new anaes- 
thetic agent injected along the spine. 

stowage ('aj), n. the act of stowing; 
state of being stowed; accommoda- 



tion for stowing things; money paid 
for stowage. 

stowaway ('a-wa), n. one who con- 
ceals himself on a vessel leaving 
port to obtain a free passage. 

strabismus (stra-biz'mus), n. squint- 
ing. 

strabotomy (-bot'6-mi), n. a surgi- 
cal operation for the removal of 
squinting. 

Stradivarius (strad-i-va'ri-us), n. an 
old violin made originally by a 
famous maker, Stradivari, of Cre- 
mona, Italy, who. lived from about 
1644 to 1737, A.D. 

straggle (strag'l), v.i. to wander 
from the direct course or way; ram- 
ble; rove; roam idly about; be dis- 
persed or scattered; occur at inter- 
vals. 

stragulum ('u-lum), n. the mantle 
of a bird 

strahlite (stral'it), n. actinolite. 

straight (strat), adj. not crooked; 
right, as a line stretched between 
two points; direct; upright; undi- 
luted; consistent in support of a 
candidate or party: adv. in a straight 
manner; direct; at once. 

strain (stran), n. stock; lineage; 
race; descent; tune or melody; man- 
ner of speech or action; a violent 
effort; injury by overexertion: v.t. 
to put to its utmost strength; draw 
out with force; stretch; injure by 
overtasking; make uneasy or un- 
natural; filter: v.i. to make violent 
efforts; be filtered. 

strainer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, strains; an apparatus for fil- 
tering. 

strait (strat), adj. narrow; not broad; 
confined; distressful; difficult: n.pl. 
a narrow passage of water con- 
necting two seas; difficulty; poverty. 

straiten ('en), v.t. to make narrow; 
contract; confine; put into difficul- 
ties; embarrass: v.i. to become nar- 
row. 

strait-jacket ('jak-et), n. a kind of 
garment for confining mad or delir- 
ious persons. Also strait-waistcoat. 



* ate. 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



STRAIT-LACED 



688 



STRICTURE 



strait-laced ('last), adj. laced tight- 
ly; strict in manners or morals. 

strake (strak), n. the iron tire by 
which the felloes of a wheel are se- 
cured continuous line of planking 
of a vessel from stem to stern; a 
trough for washing broken ore. 

stramonium (stra-mo'ni-um), n. the 
thorn-apple, commonly called jim- 
son-weed. 

strand (strand), n. the shore of a 
sea, ocean, or large lake; one of the 
divisions or twists of a rope: v.t. to 
drive or force upon the sea-shore; 
run aground; bring into a state of 
embarrassment: v.i. to be lifted or 
be driven ashore. • 

strange (stranj), adj. belonging to 
another country; not domestic; 
novel; unusual; reserved; inexperi- 
enced; unfamiliar. 

strangle (strang'gl), v.t. to choke; 
suffocate by compressing the wind- 
pipe; suppress or stifle: pi. a dis- 
ease in horses. 

strangulation (-gu-la'shun), n. the act 
of strangling ; state of being strangled ; 
suffocation ; close constriction. 

strangury ('gu-ri), n. painful Void- 
ing of urine by drops. 

strapping ('ing), adj. tall; strong; 
well-made; handsome. 

strass (stras), n. a kind of colorless 
glass used as the base of artificial 
paste gems. 

strata, pi. *of stratum. 

stratagem (strat'a-jem), n. a device 
or scheme for defeating an enemy, 

' especially in war; an artifice or 
plan for deception of any kind, or 
for gaining some advantage. 

strategic (stra-tej'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or effected by, strategy or 
artifice. Also strategical: n.pl. the 
science of military warfare; direc- 
tion of a campaign. 

strategy (strat'e-ji), n. strategics; 
use of artifice or stratagem in carry- 
ing out some design. 

stratification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
process of being arranged or depos- 
ited in layers. 



stratify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. strat- 
ified, p.pr. stratifying], to form, de- 
posit, or arrange, in strata or layers. 

stratum (stra/tum), n. [pi. strata 
('ta)], a bed of earth or rock, con- 
sisting generally of a series of lay- 
ers; an artificial layer. 

stratus ('tus), n. a cloud apparently 
resting horizontally on the earth's 
surface. 

streamer ('er), n. a long narrow flag 
or pennon; the aurora borealis. 

streamline (strem-lm), n. name ap- 
plied to a recent type of automobile 
body designed to give minimum 
resistance to the streaming air cur- 
rents. 

streamy ('i), adj. abounding in, or 
full of, streams; flowing in streams. 

street Arab ' (ar'ab), n. a neglected 
child who lives in the streets. 

strength (strength), n. the state or 
quality of being strong; active or 
passive power; muscular force; vigor; 
power of endurance or resistance; 
toughness; numbers or amount of 
style; intensity, as of light or color; 
legal or moral force; potency of 
liquors. 

strenuous (stren'ti-us), adj. urgent 
or eagerly pressing; ardent; zealous; 
strong; vigorous; bold; earnest; 
valiant. 

stress (stres), n. urgency; strain; 
pressure; force; importance; weight; 
violence; force of utterance. 

stretcher ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, stretches; a footboard used 
in rowing; a frame or litter for carry- 
ing the sick or dead. 

strew (stroo), v.t. to spread by scat- 
tering; scatter loosely. 

striae (stri'e), n.pl. fine thread-like 
lines; slight furrows; fillets between 
the channels of columns. 

striate ('ate), adj. marked, or formed 
with, striae. 

stricken (strik'en), p. adj. far ad- 
vanced: p.p. of strike. 

stricture ('ur), n. a morbid contrac- 
tion of any passage of the body, es- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boom 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



STRIDE 



STUCCO 



pecially of the urethra; censure or 
adverse criticism. 

stride (strid), n. a long step; strad- 
dle: v.i. to walk with long steps; 
straddle: v.t. to pass by long steps. 

strident (stri'dent), adj. harsh; shrill; 
grating or creaking. 

stridulation (strid-ii-la'shun), n. the 
power possessed by certain male in- 
sects of making shrill sounds by the 
friction of parts of their bodies. 

stridulous ('ii-lus), adj. producing a 
shrill, harsh, creaking sound. 

strife (strif), n. contention for su- 
periority; discord; conflict; quarrel; 
enmity; war. 

striga (stri'ga), n. [pi. strigas ('je) ], 
the fluting of a column: pi. small, 
upright, stiff hairs, swelled at their 
bases. 

strigil (strij'il), n. an instrument 
for scraping, used by the ancients 
after the bath. 

stringency (strin'j en-si), n. the state 
or quality of being stringent. 

stringent (strin'jent), adj. severe; 
rigid; strict; binding; tense. 

stringiness ('i), adj. consisting* of , 
or like, string, filamentous; viscid. 

stripe (strip), v.t. to variegate with 
■ lines of different colors; form the 
stripes upon; lash or whip: n. a 
line or long narrow division of any- 
thing of a different color to the 
ground; stroke or weal made by a 
whip, &c; party badge or color. 

stripling (stripping), n. a youth. 

strive (striv), v.i. to make exertions 
or efforts; labor hard or earnestly; 
aim; struggle; contend in emula- 
tion. 

strobile (strob'il), n. the* cone or 
fruit of the pine-tree.. 

strocal (stro'kal), n. a glassmaker's 
shovel. 

strode, p.t. of stride. 

stroll (strol), v.i. to wander on foot; 
ramble or rove idly: n. a leisurely 
ramble. 

stroller ('er), n. one who strolls; an 
itinerant player; vagrant. 

stroma (stro'ma), n. [pi. stromata 



('ma-ta) ], the basis of an organ or 
tissue. 

stronghold ('hold), n. a fortress. 

strophe (stro'fe), n. that part of a 
song or dance in the ancient Greek 
drama performed by the chorus in 
turning from the right to the left; 
the first of two_ stanzas. 

strophic (strof'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or consisting of, strophes. 

stroud (stroud), n. a kind of coarse 
blanket used by the North American 
Indians. 

structural (strukt'u-ral), adj. per- 
taining to structure. 

structure ('tir), n. an edifice or 
building; manner or form of build- 
ing; form; make; arrangement of 
parts or organization of a vegetable 
or animal substance. 

struggle (strug'l), v.i. to use violent 
efforts with contortions of the body; 
strive with effort; be in pain or 
agony; contend: n. a violent effort 
with contortions of the body; pain 
or agony; labor; contest. 

strum (strum), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & 
p.p. strummed, p.pr. strumming], to 
play badly and noisily on a stringed 
instrument. 

struma (stroo'ma), n. scrofula. 

strumous ('mus), adj. scrofulous. 

strumpet (strum'pet), n. a prosti- 
tute. 

strychnic (strik'nik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, derived from, or containing, 
strychnine. 

strychnine ('nin), n. a highly poi- 
sonous alkaloid extracted from nux 
vomica. 

stubble ('1), n. short stalks or stumps 
of grain left in the ground after 
reaping. 

stubborn ('ern), adj. inflexibly head- 
strong; obstinate; ^ contumacious; 
refractory; not easily worked or 
melted, as a metal. 

stub-nail ('nal), n. a short, thick 
nail. 

stucco (stuk'6), n. [pi. stuccoes 
('oz) ], plaster used as a coating for 
walls of internal decorations; work 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






STUDDING 



690 



SUANT 



executed in stucco: v.t. to overlay, 
or decorate, with stucco. 

studding ('ing), n. material for 
studs or joists; studs or joists col- 
lectively. 

studding-sail ('ing-sal), n. a light 
sail set at the side of a square sail 
to increase its area in light winds, i 

studio (stu'di-o), n. an artist's work- 
room. 

studious ('i-us), adj. devoted to 
study or the acquisition of knowl- 
edge; diligent; designed; deliberate; 
careful (with of). 

stufa (stoo'fa), n. a jet of steam is- 
suing from a fissure in the earth. 

stuffy ('i), adj. close or ill-ventilated; 
sulky. 

stultification (stul-ti-fi-ka/shun), n. 
the act of stultifying; the state of 
being stultified. 

stultifier ('ti-fi-er), n. one who stul- 
tifies. 

stultify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stul- 
tified, p.pr. stultifying], to render 
foolish; make nugatory. 

stumble (stum'bl), v.i. to trip up or 
fall in walking; light (with on or 
upon); slide into error or crime: n. 
a trip in walking or running; failure 
or blunder. 

stunt (stunt), v.i. to check in growth 
or progress: v.i. to become stunted: 
n. a check in growth; something 
stunted; an allotted task; a per- 
formance. 

stupe (stup), n. flax, flannel, &c, 
steeped in warm water or medica- 
ments, used as a compress, &c. 

stupefacient (-e-f a/shi-ent) , n. a 
narcotic. 

stupefaction (-fak'shun), n. the act 
of stupefying; state of being stupe- 
fied; insensibility; torpor; stupidity. 

stupefy ('e-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stu- 
pefied, p.pr. stupefying], to deprive 
of sensibility; make stupid; dull. 

stupendous (-pen'dus),_ adj. over- 
coming the senses by its vastness; 
astonishing. 

stupid ('pid), adj. deficient in under- 



standing; insensible; dull; silly; non- 
sensical. 

stupidity ('i-ti), n. extreme dulness 
of perception or understanding; 
crass ignorance; folly. 

stupor ('per), n. suspension or great 
diminution of sensibility; numb- 
ness; lethargy; intellectual insensi- 
bility. 

sturdy ('i), adj. hardy; robust; 
stout; strong; stubborn; vigorous; 
forcible. 

sturgeon ('jun), n. a large, cartilag- 
inous fish of the genus Acipenser, 
the roes of certain species of which 
are made into caviare, and isin- 
glass from the air-bladder. 

stutter (stut'er), v.i. to speak with 
hesitation or stammering: v.t. to 
utter in a stammering manner: n. 
hesitation or stammering in speech. 
Also stuttering. 

sty (sti), n. a pen or enclosure for 
swine; a filthy or mean place; a 
kind of boil upon the eyelid: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. stied, p.pr. stying], to 
shut up in a filthy or mean place. 

Stygian (stij'i-an), adj. pertaining 
to the Styx, the river of Hades, 
over which the dead were ferried 
by the boatman Charon: hence in- 
fernal; hellish. 

style (stil), n. a pointed instrument 
used by the ancients for writing 
upon wax tablets; the gnomon of a 
dial; appellation or title; distinc- 
tive manner of writing with regard 
to the choice of words, &c. 

stylobate ('o-bat), n. an uninter- 
rupted base below a range of col- 
umns. 

stylography (sti-log'ra-fi), n. a me- 
thod of writing or tracing by means 
of a style. 

styloid ('loid), adj. resembling a 
style or pen; pertaining to a par- 
ticular bone. 

styptic (stip'tik), adj. stopping bleed- 
ing. 

suable (su'a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing, or liable to be, sued. 

suant ('ant), adj. uniform; level. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SUASIBLE 



691 



SUBORDINATE 



suasible (swa'si-bl), adj. easily per- 
suaded. 

suasion ('zhun), n. persuasion. 

suave (swav), adj. pleasant in manner. 

suavity (swav'i-ti), n. urbanity; gen- 
tleness. 

sub, prefix meaning under, beneath, 
below, slightly. 

subacid (sub-as'id), adj. slightly acid. 

subaltern (-awl'tern), n. a commis- 
sioned officer under the rank of cap- 
tain: adj. inferior. 

subalternate (-ter'nat), adj. succes- 
sive. 

subconscious (sub-kon'shus), adj. 
dimly conscious. 

subdominant (sub-dom'i-nant), n. a 
musical term indicating the note 
next below the dominant. 

subdue (-du / ), v.t. to overcome or 
conquer; vanquish; reduce; lower; 
tone down. 

subjacent (sub-j a/sent), adj. lying 
under or below; situated lower but 
not direct^ beneath. 

subject Cjekt), adj. under the power 
or control of another; subordinate; 
disposed; liable: n. one who is under 
the power or control of another; 
that which is treated in writing, 
speaking, &c; theme; topic; de- 
sign; a dead body for dissection; 
substance; material; theme of a 
proposition; the Ego, as distin- 
guished from the non-Ego or object; 
theme of a movement [music]: v.t. 
(sub-j ekt') to bring under the power 
or control of; render subordinate; 
enslave; subjugate; render liable; 
expose. 

subjection (-jek'shun), n. the act of 
subjecting; state of being subjected. 

subjectivism ('iv-izm), n. the philo- 
sophical doctrine that knowledge is 
relative or purely subjective. 

subjoin (.-join'), v.t. to affix. 

subjugate ('ju-gat), v.t. to conquer 
by force; bring under dominion. 

subjugation (-ga/shun), n. the act 
of subjugating; state of being subju- 
gated. 

subjunctive (-jungk'tiv), adj not- 



ing a form, of the verb expressive of 
contingency, condition, or hypothe- 
sis. 

sublimate (li-mat), v.t. to convert 
(a solid) by heat into vapor, which 
on cooling returns to the solid state; 
refine and exalt. 

sublimation (-ma/shun), n. the act 
of sublimating. 

sublime (-lim'), adj. awakening feel- 
ings of awe and reverence: high in 
place or excellence; exalted in na- 
ture; elevated in manner or style; 
n. that which is awe-inspiring in 
works of nature or art as distin- 
guished from the beautiful (with 
the): v.t. to dignify or exalt; render 
noble: v.i. to be capable of sub- 
limation. 

subliminal consciousness (sub-lim'- 
i-nal kon'shus-nes), n. that which is 
below the surface of distinct con- 
sciousness. 

sublimity (-lim'i-ti), n. loftiness of 
style or sentiment; elevation; moral 
grandeur; excellence. Also sublime- 
ness. 

submarine (sub-ma-rine'), adj. lo- 
cated or found under the sea: n. a 
boat so built and fitted that it can 
travel under the water, used princi- 
pally for purposes of war. 

submerge (-merj'), v.t. to place un- 
der water; overwhelm: v.i. to be, or 
' lie, under water. 

submersion (-mer'shun), n. the act 
of submerging; state of being sub- 
merged. Also submergence. 

submission (-mish'un), n. the act of 
submitting or yielding; obedience. 

submit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sub- t 
mitted, p.pr. submitting], to yield to 
the authority of another; surren- 
der; resign; refer to judgment or 
discretion; comply with: v.i. to be 
subject; yield. 

submultiple (-mul'ti-pl), n. a num- 
ber or quantity which is contained 
in another a certain number of times 
exactly, as 4 is the submultiple of 28. 

subordinate (-or'di-nat), adj. infe- 
rior in rank, value, power, or im- 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SUBORDINATION 



692 



SUBTERRANEAN 



portance: n. one who is inferior to 
another in rank, &c. : v.t. to place in 
a lower order; render subject. 

subordination (-na/shun), n. the 
act of subordinating or placing in a 
lower order; subjection; state of 
being subordinate; inferiority of 
rank, position, &c. 

suborn (-orn'), v.t. to procure or in- 
duce to commit perjury; procure by 
indirect means or bv secret collu 
sion. 

subornation (-6r-na/shun), n. the 
act of inducing a person to. commit 
perjury by bribes or persuasion. 

subpoena (-pe'n&), n. a writ com- 
manding the attendance of a person 
in court as a witness under a pen- 
alty: v.t. to serve with a subpoena. 

subscribe (-skrib'), v.t. to write or 
annex (one's name) to a paper or 
document; give or promise (a sum 
of money) for some object by writing 
one's name; publish (a book) by sub- 
scription: v.i. to give consent. 

subscription (-skrip'shun), n. the 
act of subscribing; name subscribed; 
signature; sum of money subscribed. 

subsequence ('se-kwens), n. the act 
or state of being subsequent. 

subsequent ('se-kwent), adj. follow- 
ing or coming after in time or order; 
posterior. 

subserve (-serv'), v.t. to be subservi- 
ent to; promote; serve instrumeh- 
tally. 

subsequi, prefix, meaning combina- 
tion in the proportion of two to three. 

subsessile (-ses'il), adj. having very 

i short foot-stalks. 

subside (-sld'), v.i. to sink or fall to 
the bottom; tend downwards; settle; 
abate; become tranquil or calm. • 

subsidence ('ens), n. the act of sub- 
siding or sinking down; downward 
tendency. 

subsidiary ('i-a-ri), adj. auxiliary; 
furnishing additional supplies: n. an 
auxiliary. 

subsidize ('si-diz), v.t. to furnish 
with a subsidy. 

subsidy ('si-di), n. [pi. subsidies 



(-diz)], pecuniary aid granted by 
one government to another, especial- 
ly for war expenses; public grant or 
subvention to aid an enterprise for 
the public convenience. 

subsist (-sisf), v.i. to have exist- 
ence; to retain the present state; 
inhere; have the means of livelihood. 

subsistence ('ens), n. means of sup- 
port; maintenance; livelihood; in- 
herence. 

substance ('stans), n. matter or ma- 
terial; characteristic and essential 
part of anything; purport; wealth 
or property. 

substantial (-stan'shal), adj. be- 
longing to, or having, substance; 
containing the essential parts; solid; 
material; corporeal; having con- 
siderable wealth or property: n.pl. 
essential parts. 

substantiate ('shi-at), v.t. to estab- 
lish the truth of by proof or compe- 
tent evidence. 

substantival (-stan-ti'val), adj. per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, a 
substantive. 

substantive ('stan-tiv), adj. express- 
ing existence; real; essential; n. 
that part of speech which expresses 
the existence of anything material 
or immaterial; noun. 

substitute ('sti-tut), v.t. to put in 
the place of another; change: n. 
one who, or that which, is put in the 
place of another. 

substitution (-tu'shun), n. the act 
of substituting; state of being 
substituted. 

subsume (-sum 7 ), v.t. to include un- 
der a more general class or under 
something else. 

subtangent (-tan'jent), n. the part 
of the axis of a curve intercepted 
between the tangent and the ordi- 
nate. , 

subtend (-tend ), v.t. to extend un- 
der or be opposite to. 

subter, a prefix meaning under. 

subterfuge ('ter-fuj), n. an evasion 
or artifice; trick; shift. 

subterranean (-ra'ne-an), adj. be- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b65n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SUBTILE 



693 



SUFFER 



low the surface or beneath the earth. 
Also subterraneous. 

subtile (sub 'til or sut'l), adj. thin; 
delicately constructed; fine; deli- 
cate; refined; acute; cunning; art- 
ful. 

subtle (sut'l), adj. artful; insinuat- 
ing; crafty. 

subtlety (-ti), n. acuteness of intel- 
lect; cunning; shrewdness. Subtle- 
ness. 

subtract (-trakf), v.t. to withdraw 
or take away, as a part from a 
whole; deduct. 

subtraction (-trak'shun), n. the act 
of subtracting. 

subtrahend ('tra-hend), n. the quan- 
tity or number to be subtracted from 
another. 

subtreasury (sub-trezh'u-ri), n. a 
branch of the United States Treas- 
ury located in various cities of the 
United States. 

subtriple (-trip'l), adj. containing a 
third. 

subulate (sti'bu-lat), adj. awl-shaped. 

suburb (sub'erb), n. an outlying dis- 
trict of a city or town; environs 
(usually pi.). 

subvention ' (-ven'shun), n. a gov- 
ernment grant or subsidy. 

subversion (-ver'shun), n. the act of 
subverting ; overthrow ; ruin . 

subvert (-vert'), v.t. to turn upside 
down; ruin; overthrow; corrupt. 

subvertible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being subverted. 

subway ('wa), n. an underground 
passage. 

sue, another form of sub. 

succeed (suk-sed'), v.t. to take the 
place of; follow: v.i. to follow in 
order; obtain one's wishes; be suc- 
cessful; accomplish something at- 
tempted; end with advantage; pros- 

• per. 

success (-ses'), n. the prosperous ter- 
mination of any enterprise; pros- 
perity. 

succession ('shun), n. the act of fol- 
lowing in order; lineage; act or 



right of coming in the place of an- 
other; rotation, as of crops. 

successor Cer), n. one who succeeeds 
or follows in the place or character 
of another. 

succinct (-singkf), adj. tersely ex- 



succor ('er), v.t. to help or relieve 
when in difficulty or distress; aid: 
n. relief; aid. 

succotash ('o-tash), n. a dish of green 
u maize and beans boiled together. 

succula ('ii-la), n. an axis or cylinder 
without a drum, with staves to 
move it round. 

succulence ('u-lens), n. juiciness. 

succumb (-kum'), v.i. to yield; sub- 
mit. 

succursal (-ker'sal), adj. annexed 
and assistant, as a chapel of ease. 

sucrose (su'kros), n. cane-sugar. 

suction (suk'shun), n. the act or pro- 
cess of sucking; act of drawing 
fluids by the removal of the atmos- 
pheric pressure. 

suctorial (-to'ri-al), adj. adapted to, 
or living by, sucking. 

sudarium (su-da/ri-um), n. the cloth 
on which Christ is said to have mi- 
raculously impressed his image when 
He wiped his face with it on the 
way to Calvary. 

sudation ('shun), n. the act of sweat- 
ing. 

sudden (sud'n), adj. happening un- 
expectedly; instantaneous; without 
notice; quick. 

sudoriferous (su-dor-if'er-us), adj. 
secreting perspiration. 

sudorific (-if'ik), adj. causing per- 
spiration: n. a medicine producing 
such an effect. 

Sudra (soo'dra), n. the lowest of the 
four great castes into which the 
Hindus are divided. Also Soodra. 

sue (sti), v.t. to prosecute at law: v.i. 
to entreat; beg; petition; pay court; 
institute legal proceedings (with for) . 

suet ('et), n. the hard fat around the 
kidneys and loins of sheep and oxen. 

suffer (suf'er), v.t. to feel with a 
sense of pain; undergo; bear; be af- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SUFFERABLE 



694 



SUMAC 



fected by; allow; tolerate: v.i. to 
feel pain or punishment; be in dis- 
tress; endure loss or injury. 

sufferable (-a-bl), adj. that may be 
allowed or tolerated; permissible. 

sufferance (-fer'ans), n. patience 
under pain; toleration; negative 
consent; permission. 

suffice (-is'), v.i. to be sufficient: v.t. 
to satisfy. 

sufficiency (-ish'en-si), n. the state 
or quality of being sufficient; com- 
petence; self-confidence; conceit. 

sufficient Cent), adj. equal to any 
end or purpose; adequate; compe- 
tent. 

suffix ('iks), n. a letter or syllable 
added at the end of a word; affix: 
v.t. (suf-iks') to add, as a letter or 
syllable at the end of a word. 

suffocate ('o-kat), v.t. to choke by 
stopping respiration; smother; stifle. 

suffocation (-ka/shun), n. the act of 
suffocating; state of being suffo- 
cated. 

suffrage ('raj), n. vote, or right to 
vote; franchise; voice or vote given 
on a controverted subject: pi. united 
prayer of a congregation. 

suffragette ('ra-get), n. a woman 
who seeks equal suffrage or the 
right to vote. 

suffragist ('ra-jist), n. one who advo- 
cates general suffrage. 

suffuse (-fuzO, v.t. to spread over as 
with a fluid or a color. 

sugary ('er-i), adj. like, composed of, 
, or fond of, sugar; sweet. 

suggest (sug-jesf or'suj-est'), v.t. to 
introduce indirectly to the mind or 
thoughts; hint; insinuate; allude or 
refer to: v.i. to make suggestions. 

suggestion (-jes'chun), n. the act of 
suggesting; thing suggested; hint. 

suicidal (su'i-sld-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or partaking of, suicide. 

suicide ('i-sid), n. a person who kills 
himself; self-murder; ruin of one's 
own interests. 

suint (swint), n. a peculiar fatty sub- 
stance obtained from sheep's wool. 

suit (sut), n. a set of things corre- 



spondent to each other, as of the 
same kind; petition or prayer; 
courtship; one of four sets of a pack 
of cards; an action or process at 
law for the recovery of a right or 
claim: v.t. to be fitted to; fall in 
with; accommodate; please: v.i. to 
correspond or accord; agree. 

suitability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being suitable. Also 
suitableness. 

suite (swet), n. a retinue or compa- 
ny; series; set, as of rooms, furni- 
ture, &c. 

suitor (sut'er), n. a petitioner; sup- 
plicant; lover; party to a lawsuit. 

sulcate (sul'kat), adj. grooved. 

sulk (sulk), v.i. to be sulky. 

sulky ('i), adj. [comp. sulkier, sm- 
perl. sulkiest], silently sullen: n. a 
kind of two-wheeled carriage. 

sullen (sul'en), adj. morosely silent; 
gloomily angry; dismal; heavy. 

sully ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sullied, 
p.pr. sullying], to tarnish or soil; 
dirty; stain: n. a tarnish or stain. 

sulphur ('fer), n. a non-metallic ele- 
ment, brittle and of a yellow color, 
insoluble in water, but fusible by 
heat. 

sulphureous (-fu're-us), adj. con- 
sisting of, impregnated with, or hav- 
ing the qualities of, sulphur. Also 
sulphurous. 

sulphuretted ('fu-ret-ed), adj. com- 
bined with sulphur. 

sulphuric acid (as'id), n. a Heavy, 
corrosive liquid composed of sul- 
phur, oxygen, and water; oil of 
vitriol. 

sulphurous acid ('fu-rus as'id), n. 
an acid composed of 2 parts of oxy- 
gen and 2 parts of sulphur. 

sultan ('tan), n. the title of a Mo- 
hammedan sovereign, especially the 
sovereign of the Ottoman Empire. 
Fern, sultana. 

sultry ('tri), adj. [comp. sultrier, 
superl. sultriest], very hot, close, 
and oppressive; close and heavy 
with a moist heat. 

sumac (su'mak), n. a plant or shrub 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SUMMARILY 



695 



SUPERFRONTAL 



the dried leaves and roots of which 
are used in tanning, dyeing, and 
medicine. 
summarily (sum'a-ri-li), adv. in a 

short way or method; concisely. 
summarize ('a-riz), v.t. to state con- 
cisely. 

summary ('a-ri), adj. brief; laconic; 
compendious; done in a short way 
or method: n. an abridgement; com- 
pendium. 

summation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
forming a total; aggregate. 

summer ('er), n. that part of the 
year which comprises the hottest 
months, June, July, and August; a 
large piece of timber to receive the 
ends of the joists; horizontal girder: 
v.i. to pass the summer: v.t. to feed 
or keep during the summer. 

summit ('it), n. the top or highest 
point. 

summon ('un), v.t. to cite or call by 
authority; command to appear in 
court; invite; rouse to exertion: 
n.pl. a citation to appear in court on 
a certain day; document containing 
such a citation' authoritative call. 

sumpit (sum'pit), n. the poisoned 
arrow used with a sumpitan. 

sumpitan ('pi-tan), n. a kind of long 
blowpipe, used by the Malays. 

sumptuary laws (lawz), n.-pl. laws 
to limit excessive expenditure on 
dress or other luxuries. 

sumptuous ('tu-us), adj. expensive; 
costly; luxurious; magnificent. 

sundae (sun'da), n. ice cream and 
fresh fruit or fruit syrup. 

sunder ('der), v.t. to divide or rend. 

sundew ('du), n. a plant of the genus 
Drosera, whose leaves secrete a 
dew-like viscid fluid. 

sundial (sun'di-al), n. a contrivance 
for measuring time, by the shadow 
of an upright peg cast by the sun 
on the face of a dial, marked in 
divisions of hours. 

sundries ('driz), n.pl. numerous small 
or miscellaneous articles or matters. 

sundry ('dri), adj. various; several. 

Sunna ('a), n. a collection of oral 



laws and precepts of Mohammed 
handed down by tradition, and es- 
teemed as of equal value with the 
Koran by the Sunnites. 
super, prefix meaning over, above, be- 
yond, in excess. 
superannuate (su-per-an'ti-at), v.t. 
to pension on account of old age or 
infirmity. 
superb (su-perb'), adj. grand: proud; 
stately; elegant; first-rate; sumptu- 
ous. 

supercargo (su-per-kar'go), n. a per- 
son or officer in a merchant vessel 
who superintends the cargo and 
commercial affairs of a ship during 
its voyage. 

superciliary (-sil'i-a-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, or situated above, the 
eyebrow. 

supercilious ('i-us), adj. haughty; 
proud; disdainful; dictatorial; over- 
bearing. 

supercilium (-sil'i-um), n. the eye- 
brow. 

superdreadnaught (su'per- 
dred'nawt), n. the most gigantic 
type of modern battleship, greatly 
exceeding in size the ships of the 
dreadnaught type which have a dis- 
placement of about 18,000 tons ; the 
newest superdreadnaughts displace 
about 30,000 tons. 

supererogation (-er-o-ga'shun), n. 
the performance of more than is re- 
quired by duty. 

superficial (-fish'al), adj. pertaining 
to, or being on the surface; slight; 
not deep; unlearned. 

superficiality (-i-al'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being superficial; 
slight knowledge. Also superficial- 
ness. 

superficies (-fish'i-ez), n. superficial 
area or exterior face of a body. 

superfluity (-floo'i-ti), n. [pi. super- 
fluities (-tiz) ], superabundance; ex- 
cess. 

superfluous ('fioo-us), adj. more 
than enough or necessary; excessive. 

superfrontal (-fron'tal), n. that 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SUPERHEAT 



696 



SUPPLICATORY 



part of an altar-cloth which hangs 
over the frontal. 

superheat (-hef), v.t. to heat to an 
extreme degree; heat (steam) until 
it resembles a perfect gas. 

superinduce (-in-dus'), v.t. to bring 
in or upon as an addition to some- 
thing else; superadd. 

superintend (-in-tend'), v.t. to have, 
or exercise the charge or oversight 
of; direct or control. 

superiority (-i-or'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being superior; preemi- 
nence; advantage. 

superlative (-per'la-tiv), adj. supe- 
rior to all others; highest in degree; 
n. a word expressing the highest de- 
gree of anything. 

supernal ('nal), adj. pertaining to, 
or situated in, a higher place or re- 
gion; celestial. 

supernaturalism (-izm), n. the state 
or quality of being supernatural ; the 
doctrine that revelation is the only 
means by which man acquires the 
knowledge of God. 

supernumerary (-num'er-a-ri), n. 
[pi. supernumeraries (-riz) ], a per- 
son or thing beyond the stated or 
required number: adj. exceeding the 
number stated or required. 

superphosphate (-fos'fat), n. a phos- 
phate containing the greatest quan- 
tity of phosphoric acid capable of 
entering into combination with the 



super royal (-roi'al), adj. noting a 
size of paper larger than royal, 273^ 
by 203^ in. 

superscribe (-skrib'), v.t. to write 
or inscribe, or engrave on the out- 
side or top. 

superscription (-skrip'shun), n. the 
act of superscribing; the address or 
direction. 

supersede (-sed'), v.t. to set aside or 
render null and void by superior 
power; come into, or take, the place 
of. 

superstition (-stish'un), n. rever- 
ence for, and belief in, the super- 
natural, or objects which are not 



worthy of worship; false worship or 
religion; extreme observance of re- 
ligious rites or ceremonies. 

superstitious ('us), adj. pertaining 
to, characterized by, proceeding 
from, or addicted to superstition; 
overscrupulous and extreme in re- 
ligious rites or ceremonies. 

superstructure (-struk'tur), n. any- 
thing built or founded on something 
else; a building. 

supertonic (-ton'ik), n. in music, the 
note next above the keynote. 

supervene (-ven'), v.i. to come upon 
as something extraneous; occur. 

supervise (-viz'), v.t. to oversee. 

supervision (-vish'un), n. the act of 
supervising; superintendence. 

supervisor (-viz'er), n. an overseer. 

supervisory (-vi-zo-ri), adj. exercis- 
ing supervision. 

supine (su-pin'), adj. lying on the 
back; indolent; careless; inatten- 
tive; negligent: n. a Latin verbal 
noun, ending in urn, and u. 

supplant (-plant'), v.t. to displace 
and take the place of, as by craft; 
supersede . 

supple ('1), adj. flexible; yielding; 
servile: v.t. to make supple: v.i. to 
grow pliant. 

supplement ('le-ment), v.t. to add 
something to; fill up or supply: n. 
something added to render anything 
more complete or supply defects or 
errors; appendix; the quantity by 
which an arc or angle falls short of 
a semicircle. 

suppliant (sup'li-ant), adj. beseech- 
ing; entreating; suing: n. one who 
supplicates; humble petitioner. Al- 
so supplicant. 

supplicate (-kat), v.t. to ask or beg 
humbly and earnestly; address in 
prayer; beseech; implore. 

supplication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of supplicating; humble and earnest 
prayer or entreaty. 

supplicatory ('li-ka-to-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, containing, or of the na- 
ture of, supplication. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SUPPLIER 



697 



SURMISE 



supplier (-li'er), n. one who, or that 
which, supplies. 

support (-port), v.t. to sustain; 
bear up; endure; uphold; favor; 
•second; incur; carry on; provide 
for or nourish: n. the act of sup- 
porting; that which supports; main- 
tenance; livelihood; aid. 

suppose (-poz'), v.t. to imagine; ad- 
mit without proof; assume as true; 
think. 

supposition (-po-zish'un), n. the act 
of supposing; thing supposed; as- 
sumption. 

supposititious (-poz-i-tish'us), adj. 
supposed or imaginary; not genuine; 
counterfeit. 

suppository (-poz'i-to-ri), n. a med- 
icated mass, usually in the form of 
a cone, for introduction into some 
cavity of the body, where it dissolves. 

suppress (-pres'), v.t. to subdue; 
crush; keep in or down; quell; con- 
ceal; restrain the publication of; 
arrest the normal secretions of. 

suppression ^ (-presh'un), n. the act 
of suppressing; stoppage; conceal- 
ment; omission. 

suppurate ('ti-rat), v.i. to generate 
pus. 

suppuration (-ra/shun), n. the act 
of generating pus; pus generated in 
a sore. 

suppurative ('u-ra-tiv), adj. tending 
to produce, or accompanied by, sup- 
puration: n. a medicine to promote 
suppuration. 

supra, a prefix meaning above, be- 
yond, over, as swpralapsarian. 

suprarenalin (su-pra-ren'a-lin), n. 
a preparation of the active principle 
of the adrenal glands. 

supremacy (su-prem'a-si), n. the 
state or quality of being supreme; 
highest authority. 

supreme (-prem'), adj. highest in 
power or authority; most excellent; 
extreme ; utmost . 

sur, a prefix, meaning over, beyond, 
above, upon, as surcharge (ser- 
charj'), n. an excessive charge, load, 
or burden; an overcharge beyond- 



what is just and right: v.t. to charge 
more than is due; overload. 

surbase (ser'bas), n. a cornice, or 
series of moldings, on the top of the 
base of a pedestal, &c. 

surcease (ser-ses'), v.i. to stop en- 
tirely. 

surcharge (ser-charj'), v.t. to give 
an excessive load; to charge more 
than is required. 

surcingle ('sing-gl), n. a girth, belt, 
or girdle for passing around the body 
of a horse and securing the saddle 
or some burden, &c; girdle of a 
cassock. 

surcoat ('kot), n. a coat worn over 
another coat or garment. 

surd (serd), n. a mathematical 
quantity that cannot be expressed 
by rational numbers, or has no root, 
as \/3: adj. not expressible by ra- 
. tional numbers; involving surds; 
uttered with the breath. 

surety ('ti), n. [pi. sureties ('tiz) ], 
certainty; security against loss or 
damage; guarantee; hostage; one 
who becomes jointly bound with an- 
other; bail. 

surf (serf), n. the swell of the sea 
that breaks and foams upon the 
shore or the rocks. 

surfeit (ser'fit), n. excess in eating 
or drinking; sickness caused by such 
excess: v.t. to feed to excess and 
sickness. 

surge (serj), n. a large wave or bil- 
low; great roll; swell: v.i. to roll 
or rise high. 

surgeon (ser'jun), n. a medical prac- 
titioner, especially one who prac- 
tices surgery. 

surgery ('jer-i), n. the act and art of 
treating injuries or diseases by man- 
ual operations; place where a sur- 
geon operates or keeps his medi- 
cines. 

surly (Ti), adj. [comp. surlier, su- 
perl. surliest], gloomily morose; 
rough; uncivil; churlish; snarling; 
ill-natured. 

surmise (-miz'), n. guess or conjec- 
ture; suspicion: v.t. to imagine 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, Z/ien. 



SURMOUNT 



SUSPENSION 



without certain knowledge; suspect; 
conjecture; fancy. 

surmount (-mount'), v.t. to rise 
above; overcome; conquer; van- 
quish; exceed. 

surname ('nam), n. a name added to 
the baptismal names; family name: 
v.t. to give the family name to. 

surpass (-pas'), v.t. to exceed; ex- 
cel; go beyond in excellence or bad- 
ness. 

surplice Cplis), n. the outer linen 
vestment with wide sleeves, worn by 
the officiating clergy and choristers 
of the Roman Catholic and Angli- 
can Churches. 

surplus ('plus), n. that which re- 
mains over and above what is re- 
quired; excess: adj. exceeding what 
is required. 

surprise (-priz'), n. the act of taking 
unawares; astonishment; sudden 
emotion, confusion, or perplexity: 
v.t. to take unawares; confuse or 
perplex; assail unexpectedly; aston- 
ish. 

surprise party ('par-ti), n. a party 
who visit the house of a mutual 
friend unexpectedly, each bringing 
some article of food for supper. 

surrender (-ren'der), v.t. to yield to 
the power of another; give t up on 
compulsion; cede; resign: v.i. to 
yield; give up one's self into the 
power of another: n. the act of 
yielding into the power or possession 
of another; a yielding or giving up. 

surreptitious (-rep-tish'us), adj. 
done by stealth or fraud; unauthor- 
ized. 

surrogate (sur'6-gat), n. the deputy 
of a bishop, who is authorized to 
issue marriage licenses; a substitute; 
a probate judge. 

surround (-round'), v.t. to enclose 
on all sides; encompass; environ; 
invest: n. a precipitous place where 
animals are surrounded. 

surroyal (-roi'al), n. the crown ant- 
ler of a stag. 

surtax (ser'taks), n. an additional 



tax: v.t. (ser-taks') to impose a 
surtax on. 

surtout (-too'), n. a wide-skirted 
coat reaching below the knees. 

surveillance (val'yans), n. watch; 
oversight; inspection. 

survey (~va'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sur- 
veyed, p.pr. surveying], to inspect or 
take a view of; overlook; examine; 
measure and estimate, as land: n. 

, (ser'va), the act of surveying; par- 
ticular view or examination; cus- 
toms district- 
surveyor ('er), n. one who surveys; 
one whose business it is to measure 
land. 

survival (-vi'val), n. continuance 
beyond the life of another; any an- 
cient use, custom, or belief continu- 
ing to the present day. 

survive (-viv'), v.t. to live longer 
than; outlive: v.i. to remain alive. 

sus, prefix, another form of sub. 

susceptibility (sus-cept-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
the state or quality of being suscept- 
ible; impressibility; sensibility; ca- 
pability. Also susceptibleness. 

susceptible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
admitting something additional, or 
any change, influence, affection, &c; 
easily acted upon; impressible. 
Also susceptive. 

suspect (-pekf), v.t. to have a sus- 
picion of; imagine to exist; conjec- 
ture; mistrust: n. (sus'pekt) a per- 
son suspected to be guilty of some 
crime. 

suspend (-pend'), v.t. to make to 
hang by anything; delay; inter- 
rupt; cause to cease for a time; 
debar temporarily. 

suspender ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, suspends: pi. braces. 

suspense (-pens'), n. a state of un- 
certainty, doubt, or anxiety; inde- 
cision; act of withholding the judg- 
ment; temporary cessation of a 
man's right. 

suspension (-pen'shun), n. the act 
of suspending; state of being sus- 
pended; a keeping in doubt; uncer- 
tainty; delay; interruption; tempo- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SUSPENSOR 



699 



SWINGLETREE 



rary privation of power, office, priv- 
ilege, or rights; continuation of a 
note from one chord to another 
[music]. 

suspensor ('ser), n. something that 
suspends; a suspensory. 

suspicion (-pish'un), n. the act of 
suspecting; distrust; want of con- 
fidence; imagination of something 
wrong on slight or insufficient proof; 
hint; very small quantity. 

suspicious ('us), adj. full of, inclined 
to, or cherishing, suspicion; open to, 
or exciting, suspicion; doubtful. 

sustain (-tan'), v.t. to hold up or 
support; maintain; keep; support; 
nourish; bear; endure; strengthen. 

sustenance ('ten-ans), n. that which 
supports life; food; maintenance or 
support. 

sustentation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
of sustaining; support or mainte- 
nance. 

susurrus (su-sur'us), n. a light whis- 
pering; a subdued humming; a gentle 
sighing, as of the winds. 

sutler (sut'ler), n. a person who fol- 
lows an army and sells provisions, 
liquor, &c, to the troops. 

Sutras (soo'traz), n.pl. certain apho- 
risms summarizing the teaching of 
the Brahmans, and giving the es- 
sence of their doctrines in short, 
connected sentences. 

suttee (sut-e'), n. a Hindu widow 
who immolates herself on the funer- 
al pile of her deceased husband; a 
form of widow sacrifice, formerly 
common among the Hindus, in 
which the wife was burnt with her 
deceased husband on his funeral 
pile; now forbidden. 

sutteeism ('izm), n. the practice or 
rite of self-immolation among Hin- 
du widows. 

sutural (sti'tu-ral), adj. pertaining 
to, or situated at, a suture. 

suture ('tur), n. the drawing to- 
gether of the edges of a wound by 
sewing; lines of junction of the 
bones of the skull; seam at the 
union of two margins of a plant. 



suzerain (su'ze-ran), n. a feudal 
lord, to whom fealty is due; supe- 
rior or paramount ruler. 

suzerainty (-ti), n. the office, or dig- 
nity, of a suzerain; paramount au- 
thority. 

swaddle (swod'l), v.t. to swathe or 
bind tightly, especially infants. 

swain (swan), n. a peasant; rustic 
lover; sweetheart. 

sward (swawrd), n. the' grassy sur- 
face of land. 

swarthy ('i), adj. of a dark or tawny 
hue; dark-skinned. Also swart, 
swarth. 

swash (swosh), n. a dashing or 
splashing of water: v.i. to dash or 
splash water about. 

swath (swawth), n. a line or ridge of 
grass or grain as cut down by the 
mower; sweep of a scythe in mowing. 

swathe (swai/i), v.t. to bind with a 
bandage or roller; wrap: n. a ban- 
dage or roller. 

sweat-shop (swet'-shop), n. a place 
where the employees are overworked 
and paid low wages. 

sweating-system ('ing-sis-tem), n. 
the system by which middlemen 
employ people to work at their own 
homes for unfair wages. 

Swedenborgian (swe-den-bor'ji-an), 
adj. pertaining to, or characteristic 
of, the doctrines of Swedenborg, a 
Swedish mystic, the founder of the 
New Jerusalem Church. 

sweepstakes ('staks), n.pl. the whole 
money or other things staked or won 
at a horse-race or in gaming. 

sweetbread ('bred), n. a calf's 
pancreas. 

swerve (swerv), v.i. to turn aside 
from any prescribed fine or rule of 
duty; deviate; incline. 

swinge (swinj), v.t. to whip or 
thrash: n. sweep or swing of any- 
thing in movement; sway; influence. 

swingle (swing'gl), v.t. to cleanse 
(flax) by beating: v.i. to dangle: n. 
that part of a flail which strikes the 
grain. 

swingletree (-tre), n. the crossbar of a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






SWINISH 



700 



SYMPTOM 



carriage, &c, to the ends of which 
the traces of the horse are fastened. 

swinish (swin'ish), adj. pertaining 
to, like, or characteristic of, swine; 
bestial. 

swink (swingk), v.i. to toil; drudge. 

swivel (swiv'l), n. something fixed 
in another body so as to turn round 
in it; twisting link in a chain; a 
kind of small cannon which turns 
ona pivot: v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
swiveled, p.pr. swiveling], to turn 
on a swivel or pivot. 

swoon (swoon), v.i. to sink into a 

• fainting fit, with apparent suspen- 
sion of the vital and mental powers: 
n. the act of swooning; syncope. 

swoop (swoop), v.t. to fall upon and 
seize at once, as prey: v.i. to catch 
prey while on the wing: n. a sudden 
falling upon and seizing. 

Sybarite (sib'a-rit), n. an effeminate 
voluptuary: from the inhabitants 
of Sybaris, Italy, an ancient Greek 
city noted for its luxury. 

sycamine (sik'a-min), n. the black 
mulberry-tree. 

sycamore ('a-mor), n. a tree of the 
maple family; the fig-mulberry of 
the East; the buttonwood. 

sycophancy (sik'o-fan-si), n. obse- 
quious or servile flattery. 

syllabub, same as sillibub. 

syllabus ('a-bus), n. a table of con- 
tents; compendium of the heads of 
a discourse; abstract. 

syllogism ('o-jizm), n. an argument 
p'ated in logical form, consisting of 
three propositions, the first two 
being called the premises and the 
last the conclusion which contains 
the matter to be proved. 

sylph (silf), n. an imaginary being 
inhabiting the air; fairy. 

sylvan' (sil'van), adj. pertaining to, 
inhabiting, or growing in, a wood 
or grove; rustic; woody; shady. 

sym, prefix, another form of syn. 

symbiosis (sim-bi-o'sis), n. the more 
or less permanent united life of cer- 
tain animal and vegetable organisms 



rendering mutual service to each 
other. 

symbol Cbol), n. an emblem or sign 
representing something else; type; 
mark or character used as an abbre- 
viation; a creed. 

symbolic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
serving as, or of the nature of, a 
symbol: n.pl. the study of creeds. 
Also symbolical. 

symbolism ('bol-izm), n. the use of, ] 
or the being represented by, sym- ! 
bols; science of creeds. 

symmetrical (-met'ri-kal), adj. hav- 
ing corresponding parts or rela- 
tions; harmonious; proportionate. 
Also symmetric. 

symmetry ('e-tri), n. the due pro- 
portion of the several parts of a 
body to each other; harmony or 
adaptation of parts to each other; 
proportion. 

sympathetic (-pa-thet'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, expressing, or inducing, 
sympathy; compassionate. Also sym- 
pathetical. 

sympathize ('pa-thiz), v.i. to have a 
mutual feeling, with another; be : 
compassionate. 

sympathy ('pa-thi), n. mutual feel- 
ing of pleasure or pain; compas- 
sion; reciprocal action of the organs 
of a body. 

symphonic (-fon'ik), adj. agreeing 
in sound; pertaining to a sympho- 
ny. Also symphonious. 

symphony ('fo-ni), n. [pi. sympho- 
nies (-niz) ], harmony of sound; a 
musical composition for a full band 
of instruments; instrumental intro- 
duction or ending of a vocal com- 
position. 

symposium (-po'zi-um), n. [pi. sym- 
posia (-a)], a banquet; a drinking 
together; merry-making; an article 
in a magazine in which various 
writers express their views on some 
given topic. 

symptom (simp'tom), n. that which 
indicates the existence of something 
else of which it is the effect; token 
or sign. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



SYN 



701 



SYSTEMATIZE 



syn, a prefix meaning with, together, 
as s;y??antherous: adj. having sta- 
mens united by their anthers. 

synagogue ('a-gog), n. a religious 
assembly of Jews for worship; Jew- 
ish place of worship. 

synchronism (sing'krd-nizm), n. con- 
currence in time of two or more 
events; tabular arrangement of con- 
temporaneous historical events. 

synchronous ('kro-nus), adj. hap- 
pening at the same time. Also syn- 
chronal. 

synclinal Ckll-nal), adj. noting a 
line or axis formed when strata dip 
in opposite directions and meet in a 
common central point qr line. 

syncopate ('ko-pat), v.t. to contract 
by omitting a letter or letters from 
the middle of (a word); unite (the 
last note of one bar to the first note 
of the next) by a slur. 

syncope ('ko-pe), n. the omission of 
a letter or letters from the middle of 
a word; fainting caused by interrup- 
tion of the heart's action. 

.syncretism ('kre-tizm), n. the at- 
tempt to blend opposite and contra- 
dictory tenets into one system to 
produce union and concord. 

syndic ('dik), n. a government offi- 
cial invested with varying powers 
in different countries; chief magis- 
trate; municipal or other official. 

syndicalism (sin'di-kal-izm), n. a fea- 
ture of recent labor agitation, which 
aims at decentralization, substitutes 
direct for deputed action, approves 
the strike . even if a failure, urges 
the banding of all producers in 
trades councils, and looks to the 
abolition of all non-producers. 

syndicate ('di-kat), n. a body of 
syndics; a combination of capital- 
ists to promote some special under- 
taking or speculation. 

synecdoche (-ek'do-ke), n. a rhetori- 
cal figure in which the whole is put 
for a part, or a part for the whole. 

synergy ('er-ji), n. correlation be- 
tween different organs. 



synod ('od), n. a council or meeting 
of ecclesiastics for consultation on 
religious matters; a church council 
composed of several presbyters. 

synoecious (-e'shus), adj. having 
both male and female flowers on the 
same receptacle. 

synonym ('o-nim), n. a word having 
nearly the same signification as an- 
other. 

synopsis (-op 'sis), n. a general or 
collective view of any subject; sum- 
mary. 

synoptic (-op'tik), adj. giving a gen- 
eral view of the whole or principal 
parts of a thing. Also synoptical. 

syntactic (-tak'tik), adj. pertaining 
to, or arranged according to, the 
rules of syntax. Also syntactical. 

syntax ('taks), n. that part of gram- 
mar which teaches of the proper 
construction and arrangement of 
words in a sentence. 

synthesis ('the-sis), n. [pi. synthe- 
ses (-sez) ], composition or putting 
of two or more things together; op- 
posed to analysis; the method or 
process of deducing and combining 
complex ideas from simple ones. 

syphon, another form of siphon. 

syren, another form of siren. 

Syriac (sir'i-ak), adj. pertaining to 
Syria, its inhabitants, or language. 
Also Syrian. 

syrigmus (si-rig'mus), n. an abnor- 
mal sensation of ringing in the ears, 

Syringa (si-ring'ga), n. a genus of 
plants, including the lilac. 

syringe (sir'inj), n. a small tube 
with a handle and worked like a 
pump: v.t. to inject or cleanse -with 
a syringe. 

system (sis'tem), n. combination of 
parts in a whole; orderly arrange- 
ment according to some common 
law; collection of rules and princi- 
ples; connected body of principles 
in science or art; method of trans- 
acting business. 

systematize ('tem-a-tiz), v.t. to re- 
duce to a system. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



T 



T, the twentieth letter in the English 
alphabet. As a musical symbol t 
indicates tempo. 

tabard Card), n. a loose garment or 
mantle worn over armor; herald's 
coat. 

tabaret ('a-ret), n. a strong satin- 
striped silk used in upholstering. 

tabasco (ta-bas'ko), n. a pungent and 
biting sauce made from a variety of 
Mexican pepper. 

tabef action (-e-fak'shun), n. the act 
or condition of wasting away. 

tabernacle ('er-nak-1), n. a tempo- 
rary dwelling, movable residence, or 
tent; the human body as the tem- 
porary dwelling of the soul; the 
movable structure or place of wor- 
ship carried by the Israelites in the 
wilderness; receptacle for the con- 
secrated Host in Roman Catholic 
Churches; place of worship: v.i. to 
sojourn; take up a temporary resi- 
dence. 

tabes (ta'bez), n. a gradual wasting 
away of the body; atrophy. 

tabinet (tab'in-et), n. a mixed wool- 
en and silk fabric, used for window- 
curtains, &c. 

tablature ('la-tur), n. a painting 
on walls or ceilings; single piece 
comprehended in one view; division 
of the skull into two tables. 

tableau (ta-blo'), n. [pi. tableaux or 
tableaus (ta-bloz') ], a striking and 
vivid representation. 

tableau vivant (ve-vang'), n. a liv- 
ing picture; a picturesque represen- 
tation by one or more silent and 
motionless performers suitably cos- 
tumed and posed. 

table d'hote (ta'bl-dot), n. a meal 



for several persons at the same hour 
and at a fixed price; ordinary. 

tablet _ (tab 'let), n. a small table; medi- 
cine in the form of a small flat disk: 
small flat piece of ivory, &c, for 
memoranda; ancestral monument; 
small fiat cake, as of soap, sweet- 
meats, &cf 

taboo (ta-boo'), n. a religious rite 
formerly prevalent among the Poly- 
nesians by which persons and things 
were rendered sacred and inviola- 
ble; ban; prohibition: v.i. [p.t. & 
p.p. tabooed, p.pr. tabooingl, to for- 
bid approach to, or use of. Also 
tabu. 

tabor (ta'ber), n. a small drum, 
beaten with one stick. Also tabour. 

tabular (tab'u-lar), adj. pertaining 
to, or in the form of, a table; 
formed in plates or lamina? ; set 
down, computed, or arranged in, ta- 
bles or schedules. 

tabulate ('u-lat), v.i. to reduce to, 
or arrange in, tables or synopses; 
shape with a flat surface. 

tache (tach), n. a button; loop: 
catch, clasp, or other fastening. 

tachometer (ta-kom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring velocity. 

tacit (tas'it), adj. implied, but not 
expressed verbally. 

taciturn ('i-tern), adj. habitually 
silent. 

tackle (1), n. the ropes, rigging, &c, 
of a vessel; apparatus for raising 
or lowering heavy weights consist- 
ing of pulleys and ropes; imple- 
ments or gear: v.t. to harness; seize 
or lay hold of; deal with or attack 
vigorously. 

tact (takt), n. nice discernment and 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 

book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(702) 



TACTICS 



703 



TAMARIND 



delicate skill in saying and doing ex- 
actly what is expedient or suitable 
in given circumstances. 

tactics ('tiks), n. naval and military 
evolutions; science of disposing and 
maneuvering naval and military 
forces for battle. 

tactile ('til), adj. perceptible by the 
touch; capable of being touched. 

tactual (tak'tu-al), adj. pertaining to 
the organs of touch. 

tael (tal), n. sl Chinese money of ac- 
count, value about $1.05; a weight 
of 1 1-3 oz. 

taffeta (taf'e-ta), n: a fine, thin, 
glossy, silken fabric. Also taffety. 

taffrail ('ral), n. the upper flat part 
of the stern of a ship; rail round a 
ship's stern. 

tailage ('aj), n. tax or toll. Also 
tallage. 

tailboard ('bord), n. the movable 
board at the rear of a cart. 

tailing ('ing), n. the part of a pro- 
jecting stone or brick inserted in a 
wall; refuse of stamped ore thrown 
behind the rail of the washing ap- 
paratus: pi. chaff. 

taint (taut), n. corruption; infec- 
tion; spot or stain; disgrace: v.t. to 
imbue or impregnate with anything 
noxious; infect; corrupt: v.i. to be 
corrupted by incipient putrefaction. 

talaria (ta-la'ri-a), n.pl. the small 
wings attached to the ankles of Mer- 
cury or Hermes, the messenger of 
the gods. 

talbot '(tawl'bot), n. a quick-scented 
hunting-dog, with long pendulous 
ears. 

talc (talk), n. a hydrous silicate of 
magnesia occurring in thin flakes. 

talent (tal'ent), n. among the an- 
cients, a weight, coin, or sum of 
money of varying value; mental ca- 
pacity; eminent ability; skill; clev- 
erness; gift. 

talesman (talz'man), n. one sum- 
moned on the panel of a jury. 

talipes ('i-pez), n. club-foot. 

talisman ('is-man), n. [pi. talismans 
(-manz) ], a magical figure cut in 



metal or stone supposed to possess 
magical virtues in averting evil, 
&c; something that produces an ex- 
traordinary effect. 

tallage. Same as tallage.- 

tallow (tal'o), n. the melted fat of 
oxen and sheep; candle-grease: v.t. 
to grease or smear with tallow; fat- 
ten. 

tally ('i), n. [pi. tallies ('iz) ], a 
stick notched to match another stick, 
used for keeping accounts; one thing 
made to match or suit another: v.t. 
to make to correspond: v.i. to be 
fitted; match. 

tally-ho (-ho), inter j. & n. the hunts- 
man's cry to incite his hounds; a 
four-in-hand coach. 

tallyman '(-man), n. [pi. tallymen 
(-men) 1, one who sells goods to be 
paid for by instalments. 

tally-system (-sis-tem), n. the prac- 
tice of selling goods on credit to be 
paid for by instalments. 

talmi-gold ('mi-gold), n. Abyssinian 
gold; cheap imitation of gold. 

Talmud ('mud), n. the book which 
contains the whole body of the Jew- 
ish civil and canonical laws and tra- 
ditions, with the commentaries and 
speculations of the Rabbis, consist- 
ing of two parts, the Mishnah and 
Gemara. 

talon ('on), n. the claw of a bird of 
prey; an ogee molding. 

talus (talus), n. the ankle-bone; 
sloping part of a work; sloping heap 
of broken rocks accumulated at the 
foot of a cliff. 

tamable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing tamed. 

tamale (ta-ma'le), n. a kind of dump- 
ling, made of minced chicken and 
corn-meal, seasoned with red pepper, 
wrapped in corn-husks, and boiled 
or cooked by steam. 

tamarack (tam'a-rak), n. the Amer- 
ican black larch. 

tamarin ('a-rin), n. a South Amer- 
ican monkey with a squirrel-like tail. 

tamarind ('a-rind), n. a leguminous 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then: 



TAMARISK 



704 



TAPER 



and lofty tropical tree, yielding long 
pods which contain a soft acid pulp. 

tamarisk ('a-risk), n. a tree or shrub 
of the genus Tamarix, with small 
pink or white flowers and feathery 
branches. 

tambac. Same as tombac. 

tambour ('ber), n. a drum-like frame 
on which a kind of embroidery with 
threads of gold, silver, and silk are 
worked in the figures of flowers, 
&c; drum; the naked part of cer- 
tain capitals of drum-like appear- 
ance; enclosure of stockade work: 
v.t. to embroider with, or upon, a 
tambour. 

tambourine (-en'), n. a small hand- 
drum with little cymbals inserted in 
the hoop; a sprightly French stage 
dance. 

tamp (tamp), v.t. to block up with 
clay or similar material the blast- 
hole in a rock to direct the course of 
the explosion; drive in or down by 
repeated gentle strokes. 

tamper ('per), v.i. to meddle so as to 
injure or alter anything; use brib- 
ery; try small experiments. 

tampion ('i-on), n. a stopper, espe- 
cially for the mouthpiece of a can- 
non. Also tompion. 

tandem ('dem), adv. with two horses 
or persons one before the other: n. 
a vehicle with two horses harnessed 
one before the other; a bicycle or 
tricycle for two, one riding before 
the other. 

tang (tang), n. a strong taste or 
flavor; something that leaves behind 
a taste peculiar to itself; that part 
of a knife, fork, tool, &c, which is 
inserted into the handle; sound or 
tone: v.i. to make a ringing sound. 

tangency ('jen-si), n. a contact or 
touching. 

tangent ('jent), adj. touching: n. a 
straight line that meets or touches a 
circle or curve, but when produced, 
does not cut it. 

tangerine (-jer-en'), n. a small orange. 

tanghin (tang'gin), n. a Madagascar 
tree, from the seeds of which a pow- 



erful poison is obtained; the ordeal- 
tree. 

tangibility (tan-ji-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being tangible. 
Also tangibleness. 

tangible Cji-bl), adj. perceptible to 
the touch; capable of being pos- 
sessed or realized; evident; real. 

tangle (tang'gl), v.t. to interweave so 
as to render difficult to unravel; im- 
plicate; embarrass. 

tango (tang'o), n. one of a score or 
more of modern dances, in syncopat- 
ed time and one-step motion; differ- 
ing in the variety of positions, many 
of which are held to be immodest; all 
placed under a ban by the National 
Association of Masters of Dancing. 

tangram (tan'gram), n. a Chinese 
toy for forming combinations of fig- 
ures by small squares. 

tank (tangk), n. a large cistern or 
reservoir for storing water or other 
liquid; an armored car. 

tankard ('erd), n. a drinking-vessel 
with a lid. 

tanner ('er), n. one who tans hides. 

tannery (-i), n.. [pi. tanneries (-iz) ], 
a place where hides are tanned; 
process of tanning. 

tannic acid (as'id), n. an astringent 
principle in oak-bark, and gall-nuts. 
Also tannin. 

tansy ('zi), n. a bitter aromatic plant 
with small yellow flowers. 

tantalization (-tal-i-za'shun), n. the 
act of tantalizing; state of being 
tantalized. 

tantalize ('tal-iz), v.t. to tease or 
torment by exciting hopes or fears 
which will not be realized; provoke: 
from the classic fable of Tantalus. 

tantamount (-ta-mount), adj. equiv- 
alent in value or signification. 

tantivy (-tiv'i), n. a gallop: adv. 
swiftly. 

tantrum ('trum), n. a sudden out- 
burst of temper or passion. 

tape (tap), n. a narrow band of linen 
or cotton cloth. 

taper (ta'per), n. small wax candle; 
small light: adj. growing smaller or, 



§,te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TAPESTRY 



705 



TASIMETER 



regularly narrowed toward the 
point, or from the bottom to the 
top: v.i. to become gradually more 
slender: v.t. to narrow to a point. 

tapestry (tap'es-tri), n.. a textile 
fabric of wool or silk ornamented 
with a raised design, figures, &c, 
used for hangings: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
tapestried, p.pr. tapestrying], to 
hang, or adorn with, tapestry. 

tapestry carpet (kar'pet), n. a 
kind of carpet somewhat resembling 
Brussels. 

tapeworm (tap'werm), n. a flat rib- 
bon-like intestinal worm (Taenia 
solium). 

tapioca (tap-i-o'ka), n. a farinaceous 
food obtained from the root of the 
cassava. 

tapir (ta'per), n. a South American 
quadruped allied to the hog. - 

tapis (ta-pe'), n. a carpet [French]. 

tappet (tap'et), n. a small lever or 
projection for changing or regulat- 
ing motion. v 

taproot ('root), n. the main root of 
a plant. 

taps (taps), n. the bugle call sounded 
in camp at night, signifying "lights 
out"; also sounded at a military 
burial. 

tapster ('ster), n. one whose business 
is to draw liquor from a eask. 

tarantella (-an-tel'a), n. a wild, 
rapid Neapolitan dance; music for 
such a dance. 

tarantula ('tu-la), n. a large spider 
whose bite was formerly supposed 
to produce an irresistible mania for 
dancing. 

tardy ('di), adj. [comp. tardier, su- 
perb, tardiest], moving with a slow 
pace or motion; dilatory; reluctant; 
late. 

tare (tar), n. darnel; weight of the 
cask, package, &c, which contains 
the commodity which is weighed 
with it and for which an allowance 
is made. 

target (tar'get), n. a small shield; 
butt or mark set up for rifle and 
artillery practice. 



tariff (tar'if), n. a schedule or table 
of dutiable goods, specifying the 
customs rates, &c, to be paid or 
allowed on articles exported or im- 
ported; a duty levied according to 
such a schedule: v.t. to fix a duty on. 

tarlatan (tar 'la-tan), n. a thin, tran- 
sparent dress-muslin. 

tarn (tarn), n. a small mountain 
lake; marsh. 

tarnish (tar'nish), v.t. to diminish the 
luster of; sully: v.i. to lose luster; 
become dull. 

tarpaulin (-paw'lin), n. stout water- 
proof canvas. 

tarry (tar'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. tarried, 
p.pr. tarrying], to stay behind; de- 
lay; linger. 

tarsal (tar'sal), adj. pertaining to 
the tarsus. 

tarsus ('sus), n. [pi. tarsi ('si) ], the 
instep, consisting of several bones: 
pi. the connective cartilages of the 
eyelids; foot of an insect or crus- 
tacean. 

tart (tart), adj. sharp to the taste; 
acid; severe; keen: n. small open 
pie. * 

tartan (tar 'tan), n. woolen cloth, 
checkered with various colors; small 
Mediterranean coasting vessel: adj. 
made from, or like, tartan. 

tartar ('tar), n. the white earthy 
substance deposited on the teeth, &c. 

Tartar, n. an inhabitant of Tartary 
(also Tatar); a person of keen, ir- 
ritable temper. 

Tartarean (-ta-re-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Tartarus or Hell; infernal. 

tartar emetic (e-met'ik), adj. anti- 
mony combined with potassium 
and tartaric acid. 

tartaric acid (-tar'ik as'id), n. an 
acid found in the juice of grapes, 
berries, &c. 

Tartarus ('ta-rus), n. the deep and 
sunless abyss of, the infernal re- 
gions; Hades. 

tasimeter (ta-sim'e-ter), n. an elec- 
trical instrument for measuring 
minute variations in temperature, 
moisture, motion, &c. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TASSEL 



706 



TE DEUM 



tasse! ('1), n. a pendent ornament of 
silk, wool, &c; a male goshawk; 
pendent flower or head of certain 
plants, as maize. 

tasty ('i), adj. showing taste; savory. 

tatter ('er), n. a loose hanging rag: 
pi. rags: v.t. to make ragged; rend. 

tatterdemalion (-ter-de-mal'yun), n. 
a ragged fellow. 

tatting ('ing), n. a kind of narrow 
lace for edging, made with a small 
hand-shuttle; art of making such, 
kind of lace. 

tattoo (-too'), n. a beat of drum, es- 
pecially for warning soldiers to re- 
tire to their quarters; marks or fig- 
ures made by puncturing the skin 
with a needle and rubbing a stain or 
dye into the wounds: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
tattooed, p.pr. tattooing], to mark 
permanently (the skin) by punctur- 
ing it and staining the wounds. 

tau (taw), n. a cross resembling the 
Greek letterT (tau). 

taube (taw'ba), n. [Ger.] an airship 
built for dropping explosives; used 
in the European war of 1914-15. 

taunt (tant or tawnt), adj. lofty: n. 
bitter or sarcastic reproach; scoff; 
insulting invective: v.t. to reproach 
with bitter, sarcastic, or insulting 
language; revile. , 

tauriform (taw'ri-form), adj. having 
the form of a bull. 

taut (tawt), adj. tight; stretched; 
snug; secure. 

tautological (-to-loj'ik-al), adj. of 
the nature of tautology. 

tautology (-tol'o-ji), n. repetition of 
the same thing or idea in different 
words; sameness of words or of 
meaning. 

tavern (tav'ern), n. an inn or public- 
house; a hotel. 

taw (taw), v.t. to dress (skins) to 
make them into leather: n. a game 
at marbles; a 'marble to be played 
with. 

tawdry ('dri), adj. showy or fine 
without elegance; gaudily dressed. 

tawny ('ni) , adj. of a yellowish-brown 
color. 



taws (tawz), n.pl. a leathern strap 
with one end cut into fringes,, used 
as an instrument of punishment 
[Scotch], Also tawse. 

taxation (a/shun), n. the act of tax- 
ing; rate or tax imposed: system of 
raising revenues. 

taxicab (taks'i-kab), n. an automo- 
bile for rent, that records the time 
and length of trip. 

taxidermy ('i->der-mi), n. the art of 
stuffing and arranging specimens of 
natural history. 

taximeter (-me'ter), n. the record- 
ing device used in a taxicab. 

taxonomy (-on'o-mi), n. that depart- 
ment of natural history which treats 
of the laws and principles of classi- 
fication. 

tazza (tat'sa), n. an ornamental cup 
or vase with a large shallow bowl, a 
foot, and sometimes handles. 

teal (tel), n. a species of small, wild, 
fresh-water duck. 

teaspoon, n. small spoon holding 
about one fluid dram. 

teat (tet), n. the nipple of the female 
breast; mammilla. 

technic (tek'nik), adj. pertaining to 
the mechanical arts; relating to art, 
science, or to a particular profes- 

* sion. Also technical: n.pl. those 
branches of learning which relate to 
the arts; doctrine of arts in general. 

technique (-nek'), n. artistic execu- 
tion. 

technology ('6-ji), n. the science of 
the industrial arts. 

techy (tech'i), adj. peevish; irritable. 

tectonics (tek-ton'iks), n. the science 
or art of construction. 

ted (ted), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tedded, 
p.pr. tedding], to turn or spread for 
drying, as new-mown hay. 

tedesco, adj. German, as in reference 
to art. 

Te Deum (te-de'um), n. an ancient 
hymn of the Christian Church sung 
at matins and on occasions of thanks- 
giving: said to have been composed 
by Hilary, Bishop of Aries. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



— — „ 



TEDIOUS 



707 



TEMERITY 



tedious (te'di-us). adj. wearisome by 
continuance or repetition; tiresome. 

tedium ('di-um), n. wearisomeness. 

tee (te), n. the mark aimed at in 
quoits and curling ;-nodule of earth 
from which the ball is struck at golf; 
umbrella-shaped finial of a Buddhist 
tope; short piece of connective 
pipe. 

teem (tern), v.i. to be prolific; be 
full; be stocked to overflowing. 

teen (ten), n. sorrow: pi. years of 
one's age ending in teen. 

teetotalism (-izm), n. entire absti- 
nence from intoxicating liquors. 

teetotum (-to'tum), n. a child's toy 
used in games of chance; a kind* of 
refreshment house for the working 



or apparatus for communicating in- 
telligence rapidly between certain 
points, especially by means of elec- 
tricity: v.t. to f convey by telegraph;, 
signal: v.i. to send a telegraphic 



tegmen (teg'men), n. [pi. tegmina 
('mi-na) ], a covering; inner layer 
of the coating of a seed: pi. scaly 
coat of the leaf-buds of trees. 

tegument ('u-ment), n. natural cov- 
ering or envelope; skin. 

teinoscope (ti'n5-skop), n. a prism 
telescope for the correction of the 
chromatic aberration of light. 

telamon (tel'a-mon), n. [pi. tela- 
mones (-mo'nez) ], a figure of a man, 
usually colossal, used as a column or 
pilaster. 

telautograph (tel-aw'to-graf), n. a 
telegraphic instrument for repro- 
ducing writings or drawings at a 
distance. 

telectroscope (te-lek'tro-skop), n. an 
imperfectly developed device for 
transmitting visible images to a 
distance by electricity. 

teleclexis (tel-e-klex'is), n. artificial 
or intentional as distinguished from 
natural selection. 

telegony (te-leg'o-ni), n. the sup- 
posed influence of a first male on 
offspring subsequently borne to a 
second male by a given female. 
*The existence of such an influence 
is a moot point among breeders. 

telegram ('e-gram), n. & telegraphic 
communication. 

telegraph ('e-graf), n. an instrument 



telegraphy ('ra-fi), n. the science or 
art of constructing and working 
telegraphs. 

telekinoi (tel-e-ke'-nd), n. an elec- 
trical apparatus for the- control of 
machinery at a distance without 
conducting wires. 

telelectroscope (tel-e-lek'tro-skop) , 
n. proposed name of an imperfectly 
developed apparatus for seeing at 
a distance with the aid of electricity, 
usually by the use of cells of selenium, 
the electrical conductivity of which 
varies under the influence of light. 

teleology (tel-e-ol'o-ji), n. the doc- 
trine of the final causes of things. 

telepathy (te-lep'a-thi), n. the trans- 
ference of thought from one person 
to another by the exercise of the will. 

telephone (tere-fon), n. an instru- 
ment for transmitting sound to a 
distance by means of electricity: v.t. 
& v.i. to communicate by telephone. 

telescope (tel'e-skop), n. an optical 
instrument for viewing objects at a 
distance: v.t to drive into one an- 
other, as railway carriages in colli- 
sion. 

teleseism (tel'e-sism), n. an earth- 
tremor of remote origin as recorded 
on the seismograph. 

telesis (tel'e-sis), n. progress clearly 
planned and accomplished by con- 
sciously directed effort. 

teletypograph (tel-e-ti'po-graf), n. a 
machine telegraph which records its 
message by perforating a tape, 
which serves as a guide for the 
automatic setting of type to print 
the message. 

telic (tel'ik), adj. noting the final 
end or purpose. 

telotype (tel'o-tip), n. an electric 
telegraph that prints the message. 

temerity (te-mer'i-ti), n. foolhardi- 
ness; rashness; precipitancy. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TEMPERAMENT 



708 



TENOR 



temperament ('per-a-ment), n. nat- 
ural constitution or organization; 
due mixture of opposite or different 
qualities. 

temperance ('per-ans), n. modera- 
tion, especially in respect to the ap- 
petites or passions; patience; so- 
briety; total abstinence. 

temperature ('per-a-tur), n. state 
of a body with respect to sensible 
heat; degree of any quality. 

tempered ('perd), adj. constitution- 
ally disposed; hardened. 

tempest ('pest), n. wind rushing with 
great violence, usually accompanied 
by rain, hail, &c; hurricane; tumult. 

tempestuous (-pes'tii-us), adj. very 
stormy; pertaining to, or like, a 
tempest; violent. 

Templar ('pier), n. one of a relig- 
ious and military order, especially 
in the 12th century. 

template ('plat), n. a mold or pat- 
tern used by masons, bricklayers, 
&c, in cutting or setting out their 
work. Also templet. 

temple ('pi), n. an edifice for the 
worship of a deity or deities; resi- 
dence of a divinity; place of public 
worship; the flat part of either side 
of the head above the cheek-bones. 

temporal ('po-ral), adj. pertaining 
to time; secular; measured or re- 
stricted by time; civil or political. 

temporary (-ri), adj. existing or 
continuing for a limited time or 
some special purpose. 

temporize ('po-riz), v.i. to comply 
with the times; yield to current 
opinion; parley; delay. 

tempt (tempt), v.t. to put to trial; 
test; persuade to evil; defy; allure; 
entice. 

temptation (temp-ta'shun), n. the 
state of being tempted; enticement, 
especially to evil. 

tempter (temp'ter), n. one who 
tempts; the Devil (with the). Fern. 
temptress. 

tenable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing held, maintained, or defended. 

tenace ('as), n. in whist, the holding 



by the fourth hand of the best and 
third best of the suit led. 

tenacious (te-na'shus), adj. holding 
fast or firmly; cohesive; tough; ob- 
stinate. 

tenacity (-nas'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being tenacious; cohesive- 
ness; adhesiveness. 

tenancy (ten'an-si), n. [pi. tenan- 
cies (-siz) ], the holding of land or 
tenements on certain conditions and 
for a specified time; tenure. 

tenant ('ant), n. one who holds 
lands or tenements on certain con- 
ditions and for a specified time; oc- 
cupant: v.t. to hold as a tenant. 

tench (tench), n. a fresh-water fish 
of the carp kind. 

tendency (ten'den-si), n. inclina- 
tion; aim; direction or course. 

tenderloin (ten'der-loin), n. a certain 
cut of beef, pork, &c; a name for a 
disreputable district of a city. 

tenderness (-nes), n. kindness; be- 
nevolence; sensibility; pathos; cau- 
tion; soreness. 

tending (tend'ing), n. the act of at- 
tending; the swinging round of a 
vessel upon her anchor. 

tendinous (ten'din-us), adj. per- 
taining to a tendon; sinewy. 

tendon ('dun), n. the hard bundle of 
fibers which connects the muscles to 
the bones. 

tendril ('dril), n. the slender, twin- 
ing part of a plant which attaches 
itself to a supporting body. 

tenement ('e-ment), n. a house, 
shop, land, &c, held by a tenant; 
dwelling house; suite of rooms; any 
kind of permanent property, as land, 
rents, &c. 

tenet ('et), n. a doctrine, dogma, 
opinion, or belief held or maintained 
as true. 

tennis ('is), n. a game played with 
rackets. 

tenon ('un), n. the end of a timber 
cut wedge-shaped for fitting into a 
mortise in another timber: v.t. to 
form tenons in. 

tenor ('er), n. manner of continuity; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon,) i 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TENOR-CLEF 



709 



TERRACE 



general tendency or drift; purport 
or substance; exact copy of a writ- 
ing; the highest of adult male voices 
between bass and alto: adj. pertain- 
ing to, or adapted for, tenor. 

tenor-clef (-kief), n. the C clef, when 
placed on the third line of the staff. 

tense (tens), adj. drawn tightly; 
rigid; not lax: n. a modification in 
the inflection of a verb, expressing 
time of action. 

tensile (ten'sil), adj. ductile. 

tension ('shun), n. the act of stretch- 
ing or straining; the state of being 
stretched; mental strain; strong ex- 
citement or feeling; expansive or 
elastic force. 

tensor ('ser), n. a muscle that 
stretches. 

tentacle (ten'ta-kl), n. a process or 
organ in certain invertebrate ani- 
mals used for feeling, prehension, or 
locomotion. 

tentacular (-tak'ti-lar), adj. pertain- 
ing to tentacles. 

tenter ('ter), n. a frame for stretch- 
ing cloth on by hooks; a tenter- 
hook: v.t. to hang or stretch on 
tenters. 

tenter-hook (-hook), n. a sharp, 
hooked nail; anything that painful- 
ly strains. 

tenuity (te-nu'i-ti), n. thinness; rar- 
ity. 

tenuous (ten'u-us), adj. slender; not 
dense. 

tenure ('ur), n. conditions under 
which a tenement is held; right or 
manner of holding real estate; man- 
ner of holding; term of holding. 

tepef action (tep-e-fak'shun), n. the 
act of warming or making tepid. 

tepefy ('e-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tepe- 
fied, -p.pr. tepefying], to make tepid: 
v.i. to become tepid. 

tepid ('id), adj. moderately warm; 

lukewarm. 
: tepidity (te-pid'i-ti), n. moderate 
warmth. Also tepidness. 

ter, a prefix meaning three times. 

teraph (ter'af), n. [pi. teraphim 
('li-fim) ], a tutelary household god 



or image, consulted by the ancient 
Hebrews as an oracle. 

teratology (-a-tol'o-ji), n. that 
branch of biology which treats of 
malformations or deviations from 
the normal type of animal and plant 
structure. 

terce. Same as tierce. 

tercentenary (-sen'ten-a-ri), adj. 
comprising 300 years: n. a day or 
function commemorating some event 
occurring 300 years before. 

tercine ('sin), n. the outer coat of 
the ovule of a plant; chorion. 

terebinth ('e-binth), n. the turpen- 
tine-tree. 

tergiversation (-jiv-er-sa'shun), n. 
evasion; subterfuge. 

termagant (ter'ma-gant), adj. noisy 
and violent: n. a noisy, violent wom- 
an. 

terminal ('mi-nal), adj. pertaining 
to the end or extremity; arranged 
according to the terminations: n. a 
limit or boundary; end; one of the 
ends of a conducting circuit of a 
dynamo, &c. 

termination (-na'shun), n. the act 
of terminating; a bound or limit; 
end; conclusion or result; final syl- 
lable or letter. 

terminator ('mi-na-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, terminates; the di- 
viding line between the illuminated 
and non-illuminated part of the 
moon. 

terminology (-mi-nol'o-ji), n. the 
definition of technical terms. 

terminus ('mi-nus), n. [pi. termini 
(-ni) ], a limit or boundary; station 
at the end of a railway. 

termite ('mit), n. the white ant. 

tern (tern), n. an aquatic bird allied 
to the gull: adj. arranged in threes. 

ternary (ter'na-ri), adj. proceeding 
by, or consisting of, threes: n. the 
number 3. 

Terpsichorean (t erp-si-ko-r e'an) , 
adj. pertaining to Terpsichore or to 
dancing. 

terra (ter'a), n. the earth; earth. 

terrace ('as), n. a raised level space 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book;, hue, hut; think, then. 



TERRA COTTA 



710 



TESTIS 



or platform of earth with sloping 
sides, usually laid with turf; flat 
roof on an oriental house; large 
open balcony or gallery; row of 
houses: v.t. to form into a terrace. 

terra cotta (kot'a), n. a composition 
of fine clay and sand used for stat- 
ues, &c, and hardened by heat. 

terra Japonica (ja-pon'i-ka), n. 
pale catechu or gambier. 

terrapin ('a-pin), n. a species of 
fresh-water tortoise, much esteemed 
for food. 

terraqueous (-a'kwe-us), adj. con- 
sisting of land and water. 

terrestrial _ (-es'tri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, existing on, or consisting of , 
earth; belonging to the present 
world; not celestial. 

terret ('et), n. one of the rings on 
a harness-pad through which the 
driving reins pass. 

terrible (ter'i-bl), adj. exciting or 
causing fear or awe; dreadful; ex- 
treme; severe. 

terrier ('i-er), n. a breed of small 
dogs. 

terrify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. terri- 
fied, p.pr. terrifying], to frighten or 
alarm exceedingly. 

territorial (-i-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a territory; limited to a par- 
ticular district. 

territory ('i-to-ri), n. [pi. territo- 
ries (-riz) ], the extent of land with- 
in the jurisdiction of a state, sov- 
ereign, city, &c. ; large tract of land. 

terror ('er), n. extreme fear; fright; 
one who excites extreme fear. 

terry ('i), n. a heavy corded pile 
fabric. 

terse (ters), adj. elegantly and forci- 
bly concise. 

tertian (ter'shan), adj. occurring, or 
recurring, every third day: n. an in- 
termittent fever the paroxysms of 
which recur every other day. 

tertiary ('shi-a-ri), adj. of the third 
order, rank, or formation. 

tessellate (tes'el-at), v.t. to lay with 
squares or checkered work. 

tessera ('e-ra), n. [pi. tesserae (-re) ], 



a cube of marble, glass, &c, used in 
mosaic work. 

testa (tes'ta), n. [pi. testae ('te) ], 
the outer integument or covering of 
a seed; shelly covering of certain 
animals. 

testaceous (-ta/shus), adj. consist- 
ing of, or haying, a hard shell. 

testacy ('ta-si), n. the state or fact 
of leaving a valid will. 

testament _ ('ta-ment),_ n. a solemn, 
authentic instrument in writing dis- 
posing of the estate of a person 
deceased; will. 

testamentary (-men'ta-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, bequeathed by, or done 
by, a will. Also testamental. 

testate ('tat), adj. having left a 
will. 

testator (-ta'ter), n. one who makes 
and leaves a will. Fern, testatrix. 

test-bar (test'bar), n. a small sample 
bar of metal to test the qualities of 
the material used to make some com 
mercial article or implement. 

testes ('tez), n.pl. the testicles. 

testicle ('ti-kl), n. one of the two 
glands which secrete the seminal 
fluid in males. 

testify ('ti-fi), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. testi- 
fied, p.pr. testifying], to bear wit- 
ness; make a solemn declaration; 
give evidence: v.t. affirm or declare 
solemnly on oath; bear witness to. 

testily ('ti-li), adv. in a testy manner. 

testimonial (-ti-mo'ni-al), n. a writ- 
ing or certificate bearing testimony 
to character, proficiency, &c; a 
present given as a token of respect; 
acknowledgment of services ren- 
dered, &c: adj. pertaining to, or 
containing testimony. 

testimony (-ti-mo-ni), n. [pi. testi- 
monies (-niz) ], evidence; proof; 
solemn declaration; profession; the 
two tables of the Law; divine reve- 
lation. 

testing ('ing), n. the operation of 
refining gold and silver; assay: 
proof; trial. 

testis (tes'tis), n. [pi. testes ('tez) ], 
a testicle. 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TESTUDINAL 



711 



THAUMATROPE 



testudinal (-tu'di-nal) ,adj. tortoise- 
like. 

testudinate ('di-nat), adj. arched 
like a tortoise shell. 

testudo (-tu'do), n. [pi. testudines 
('di-nez) ], a protective covering 
used by the ancient Roman soldiers 
in besieging a city, by overlapping 
their shields; a screen to shelter 
miners in places likely to cave in; 
an encysted tumor. 

testy (tes'ti), adj^ [comp. testier, sa- 
perl. testiest], peevish; morose; 
irritable. 

tetanus (tet'a-nus), n. lockjaw. 

tetchy. Same as techy. 

tete-a-tete (tat-a-tat'), n. private or 
confidential conversation; a kind of 
settee. 

tete-de-pont (-de-pong'), n. [pi. 
tetes-de-pont], a work thrown up to 
defend the entrance of a bridge. 

tether (tetfr'er), n. a rope for con- 
fining an animal within certain lim- 
its; scope or freedom allowed: v.t. 
to confine, as an animal, within 
certain limits. 

tetra, prefix meaning four, as tetra- 
branchiate, adj. having four bran- 
chiae or gills. 

tetrachord (tet'ra-kord), n. half of 
the octave scale [music]; an in- 
strument with four strings. 

tetrad ('rad), n. the number 4; col- 
lection of four things; tetravalent 
radical or element. 

tetragon ('ra-gon), n. a plane figure 
with four sides and four angles. 

Tetragrammaton (-gram'a-ton)^ n. 
the mystic number 4 symbolical 
among the ancient Jews of the Deity. 

tetrameter (te-tram'e-ter), n. a 
verse or fine consisting of four 
measures. 

tetrapod (tet'ra-pod), n. a four- 
footed insect. 

tetrarch (te'trark), n. a Roman gov- 
ernor whose jurisdiction extended 
over the fourth part of a province; 
petty prince. 

tetrastyle (tet'ra-stil), n. a building 



or portico with four columns in 
front. 

tetter ('er), n. a cutaneous disease 
characterized by itching and red- 
ness; herpes. 

Teutonic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, the Teutons or the 
Teutonic languages, Low German, 
Scandinavian, and High German. 

texas (teks'as), n. the pilot-house, 
&c, on the hurricane deck of a 
steamer. 

text-hand ('hand), n. a large hand 
in writing. 

textile (teks'til), adj. pertaining to, 
or formed by, weaving; capable of 
being woven. 

texture ('tur), ?i. manner of weav- 
ing; web; disposition of the several 
parts of a body in connection with 
each other ; filaments or fibers inter- 
woven; tissue. 

thalamus (thal'li-mus), n. the place 
where a nerve originates or is sup- 
posed to originate; receptacle of a 
flower. 

thalassic (tha-las'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or formed in the sea. 

thalassography (thal-as-og'ra-fi), n. 
the science of marine organisms. 

thaler (ta'ler), n. sl German silver 
coin, value about 72 cents. 

thanage (than'aj), n. the district or 
jurisdiction of a thane. 

thanatoid (than'a-toid), adj. death- 
like. 

thanatology (-a-tol'o-ji), n. a trea- 
tise on, or the doctrine of, death. 

thane (than), n. a title of honor or 
dignity among the Anglo-Saxons, 
held by persons having large terri- 
torial possessions. 

Thanksgiving Day (da), n. a day 
set apart annually, usually the last 
Thursday in November, for thanks- 
giving to God for national mercies. 

thatch (thach), n. straw, reeds, &c, 
used for covering the roofs of cot- 
tages, stacks, &c: v.t. to cover with, 
or as with, thatch. 

thaumatrope (thaw'ma-trop), n. an 
optical toy for showing the per- 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



THAUMATURGIC 



712 



THERAPEUTIC 



sistence of an impression on the eye 
after the luminous object is with- 
drawn. 

thaumaturgic (-ter'jik), adj. per- 
taining to, or done by, thaumatur- 
gy: n. legerdemain; magical feats. 

thaumaturgy ('ma-ter-ji), n. the 
act of performing miracles; legerde- 
main; magic. 

thea (the'a), n. the tea plant. 

theater, theatre ('a-ter), n. a pub- 
lic building where dramatic repre- 
sentations are given; large room 
arranged for lectures, anatomical 
demonstrations, &c. % ; scene or sphere 
of action. 

theatrical (-at'ri-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or adapted for, a theater, or 
scenic representations; resembling 
the manner of actors; histrionic, 
pompous: n.pl. dramatic perform- 
ances. 

theatrophone ('ro-fon), n. an auto- 
matic telephone connected with a 
theater by which a person may hear 
a dramatic performance while seat- 
ed at home. 

Theban Year (yer), n. the ancient 
Egyptian year consisting of 365 
days, 6 hours. 

theca ('ka), n. a sheath; seed-case 
of a fern. 

theine (the'in), n. the bitter and vol- 
atile principle of tea, identical with 
caffeine in coffee. 

theism (the'izm), n. the belief in the 
existence of a God; opposed to 
atheism. 

theist ('ist), n. one who believes in 
the existence of a God: opposed to 
atheist. 

theme (them), n. the subject or topic 
of a discourse or dissertation; short 
essay on a given subject; radical of 
a noun or verb; series of notes se- 
lected as the subject of a new com- 
position [music]. 

theocracy (-ok'ra-si), n. the govern- 
ment of a state by the immediate 
direction of God; the state thus gov- 
erned. 

theocrasy ('ra-si), n. a mixture of 



the worship of different deities, as 
of God and idols; the intimate 
union of the soul with God in con- 
templation. 

theocrat ('6-krat), n. one living un- 
der a theocracy. 

theodicy (-od'i-si), n. a vindication 
of the dealings of divine Providence 
and the freedom of the human will. 

theodolite (-od'6-lit), n. an instru- 
ment for measuring horizontal and 
vertical angles and ascertaining dis- 
tances and heights. 

theogony (-og'o-ni), n. that branch 
of mythology which treats of the 
origin or genealogy of ancient dei- 
ties; a poem treating of such gene- 
alogies. 

theologian (-o-lo'ji-an), n. one versed 
in theology; professor of divinity; 
a divine. 

theology (-ol'o-ji), n. [pi. theologies 
(-jiz) ], the science that treats of 
the existence, nature, and attributes 
of God, especially of man's relations 
to God; divinity. 

theophany (-of'a-ni), n. a manifesta- 
tion of God to man by actual ex- 
perience. 

theorbo (-or'bo), n. a kind of large 
lute with two necks. 

theorem ('6-rem), n. a proposition to 
be proved. 

theoretical (-o-ret'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to, or depending on, theory; 
not practical; speculative. Also 
theoretic. 

theoretics ('iks), n.pl. the specula- 
tive part of a science. 

theory ('6-ri), n. [pi. theories (-riz) ], 
an exposition of the abstract prin- 
ciples of a science or art considered 
apart from practice; hypothesis; 
philosophical explanation of moral 
or physical phenomena. 

theosophy ('o-fi), n. a system of 
philosophy which professes to inves- 
tigate the unexplained laws of na- 
ture, the powers of man over nature, 
and the direct knowledge of God at- 
tained by extraordinary illumination. 

therapeutic (ther-a-pu'tik), adj. cur- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



THERM 



713 



THRASHER 



ative: n.pl. the art or science of 
curing diseases. 

therm, a prefix meaning heat. Also 
thermo. 

thermae (ther'me), n.pl. hot springs 
or baths. 

thermal ('mal), adj. pertaining to 
heat: warm. 

thermanaesthesia (ther'man-es-the'- 
si-a), n. abnormal deficiency of the 
sense of temperature. 

thermopile ('mo-pil), n. an instru- 
ment for indicating slight variations 
of temperature. 

thermoscope ('mo-skop), n. an in- 
strument indicating relative differ- 
ences in temperature. 

thermostat ('mo-stat), n. an auto- 
matic apparatus for regulating tem- 
perature. 

thermotic (-mot'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or produced by, heat: n.pl. the 
science of heat. 

thermotropism ('ro-pizm), n. the 
phenomena exhibited by some plants 
of turning toward the sun or source 
of heat. 

thermotypic (ther-mo-tip'ik), adj. 
relating to the development of a 
printing surface by applying heat. 

thesaurus (the-saw'rus), n. a store- 
house or treasury; lexicon or dic- 
tionary. 

thesis (the'sis), n. [pi. theses ('sez) ], 
an essay or dissertation on some 
particular subject; subject set a 
student on which to write prior to 
granting him a degree; the exercise 
itself; in logic, an affirmation. 

Thespian ('pi-an), adj. pertaining to 
Thespis, the founder of Greek 
drama: hence dramatic. 

theta (the'ta),rc. the Greek th (0). 

theurgic (-er'jik), adj. pertaining to 
theurgy or supernatural magic. 

thews (thuz), n.pl. muscles; strength. 

thicket ('et), n. a close wood or clus- 
ter of trees. 

thill (thil), n. the shaft of a cart or 
other vehicle; floor of a coal mine. 

thiller ('er), n. the shaft horse. 

thimble (thim'bl), n. a cup-shaped 



metallic protective cover for the fin- 
ger in sewing; anything like a thim- 
ble; an iron ring belonging to a sail, 
fitted to receive a rope. 

thimble-rig (-rig), n. a sleight-of- 
hand trick in which a pea is pre- 
tended to be hidden under one of 
three thimbles: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
-rigged, p.pr. -rigging], to cheat by 
means of the thimble-rig trick. 

thirst (therst), n. the sensation of a 
desire to drink; great desire for 
drink; drought; eager desire: v.i. to 
be thirsty. 

thirsty ('i), adj. [comp. thirstier, su- 
perl. thirstiest], feeling thirst. 

thole (thol), n. a pin set in the gun- 
wale of a boat to serve as a fulcrum 
for the oar. 

thong (thong), n. a thin leather strap 
or string for fastening something; 
striking part of a whip. 

thoracic (tho-ras'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the thorax. 

thorax ('raks), n. the chest, contain- 
ing the heart, lungs, &c; breast- 
plate or cuirass. 

thorite (tho'rit), n. an isometric 
mineral; a powerful high explosive. 

thorough bass (bas), n. the science 
of harmony; an accompaniment to 
a continued bass by means of figures 
[music]. 

thorough-bred (-bred), adj. of pure 
and unmixed breed; completely in- 
structed; accomplished; high-spir- 
ited. 

thoroughfare (-far), n. a passage 
from one street opening to another; 
an unobstructed way for traffic. 

thorough-paced (-past), adj. going 
all lengths; complete. 

thought (thawt), n. the act of think- 
ing^ that which the mind thinks; 
meditation; study; care or anxiety: 
p.t. & p.p. of think. 

thraldom (thrawl'dum), n. serfdom; 
slavery. 

thrall (thrawl), n. a slave; serf. 

thrasher ('er), n. one who thrashes; 
a species of shark, the sea-fox; a 
thrashing machine. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




THREADBARE 



714 



THURIFER 



threadbare ('bar), adj. worn to the 
threads; poverty-stricken; hack- 
neyed; dull. 

threat (thret), n. a menace: v.t. & 
v.i. to menace. 

threepence (thrip'ens), n. a small 
British silver coin, value 6 cents. 

threnody (thren'6-di), n. a dirge. 

thresh, same as thrash. 

threshold (thresh'old), n. the sill of 
a door; entrance; door; place or 
point of entrance. 

threw, p.t. Of throw. 

thrift (thrift), n. frugality; econom- 
ical management; good husbandry; 
increase of wealth; profit; a plant. 

thrill (thril), v.t. to pierce; cause to 
have a shivering, tingling, or ex- 
quisite sensation: v.i. to penetrate, 
as something sharp; feel a sharp 
tingling or exquisite sensation run- 
ning through the whole body; quiv- 
er: n. a thrilling sensation; quiver. 

thrive (thriv), v.i. [p.t. thrived, 
throve, p.p. thrived, thriven, p.pr. 
thriving], to prosper by industry, 
economy, and good management; in- 
crease or prosper in business, &c; 
grow rich; grow vigorously or lux- 
uriantly; increase or flourish. 

throe (thro), n. agony; extreme pain, 
especially in parturition: v.i. to be 
in agony. 

thrombosis (throm-bo'sis), n. the 
obstruction of a blood-vessel by a 
clot of blood. 

throne (thron), n. a chair of state; 
sovereign power and dignity: v.t. to 
place upon a throne; exalt. 

throng (throng), n. a multitude; 
crowd: v.t. to crowd or press to- 
gether; annoy with numbers: v.i. to 
come in multitudes. 

throstle (thros'l), n. the song-thrush; 
a machine for spinning wool and 
cotton. 

throstling ('ling), n. a disease in 
cattle, characterized by a swelling in 
the throat. 

throttle (throt'l), v.t. to strangle or 
choke by pressure on the windpipe: 
n. the windpipe; a throttle-valve. 



throttle-valve (-valv), n. a valve in 
the steam-pipe of a boiler for con- 
trolling the flow of steam to any ap- 
paratus. 

thrum (thrum), n. the end of a 
waver's thread; coarse yarn: v.t. 
[pet. & p.p. thrummed, p.pr. thrum- 
ming], to fringe or put tufts on ; play 
idly or unskilfully on (a stringed in- 
strument) with the fingers: v.i. to 
strum; drum. 

thrush (thrush), n. a sweet-songed 
bird of the genus Merula; a disease 
of infants characterized by minute 
white ulcers in the mouth and 
fauces; an inflammatory and sup- 
purating affection in the feet of 
horses. 

thrust (thrust), v.t. to push or drive 
with force; urge or impel: v.i. to 
push forward; enter by pushing; in- 
trude; attack with a pointed weapon: 
n. a violent or sudden push; stab. 

thug (thug), n. one of a fraternity of 
robbers and assassins in India who 
practiced secret murder as an act of 
propitiation to the goddess Kali; a 
ruffian. 

thuggee (-e'), n. the practice of mur- 
der by the thugs. Also thuggism, 
thuggery. 

Thule (thu'le), n. the name given by 
the ancient geographers to the most 
northern part of the world as then 
known. 

thumbscrew ('skroo), n. a screw to 
turn with the finger and thumb; an 
instrument of torture for compress- 
ing the thumb. Also thumbkins. 

thummim ('im), n.pl. a mysterious 
symbol worn on the breastplate of 
the Jewish high priest signifying 
perfection. 

thunderbolt (-bolt), n. a shaft of 
lightning; something resembling 
lightning in suddenness aDd terror; 
dreadful denunciation, especially ec- 
clesiastical censure; daring or irre- 
sistible hero; a belemnite. 

thurible (thu'ri-bl), n. a censer. 

thurifer ('ri-fer), n. one who attends 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



THWACK 



715 



TILT 



the priest at mass, &c, and carries 
the thurible. 

thwack (thwak), v.t. to strike with 
something flat and heavy; thump: 
n. a heavy blow with something 
blunt and hard; thump. 

thwart (thwawrt), adj. crosswise; 
oblique: prep. & adv. across: n. a 
seat in a boat extending from side to 
side: v.t. oppose; run counter to; 
frustrate. 

thyme (tim), n. a common aromatic 
herb of the genus Thymus. 

thyrogenic (thi-ro-jen'ik), adj. pro- 
duced by the thyroid gland or as the 
result of an altered secretion of that 
gland. 

thyroid (thi'roid), adj. shield-shaped: 
noting one of the cartilages of the 
larynx. 

thyrsus ('sus), n. pi. thyrsi ('si) ], 
a staff or spear entwined with ivy 
and vine leaves and grapes with a 
cone at the top, carried at the festi- 
vals of Bacchus by his devotees. 

tiara (ti-a/ra), n. the triple crown 
worn by the Pope; a lofty headdress 
worn by the ancient Persians; the 
miter of the Jewish high priest; 
diadem. ' 

tibia (tib'i-a), n. the inner and larger 
of the two leg bones; shin-bone. 

tibial ('i-al), adj. pertaining to the tibia. 

tic (tik), n. neuralgia. Also tic-dou- 
loureux. 

tidal (tid'al), adj. pertaining to the 
tides; ebbing and flowing like the 
tides. 

tide (tid), n. the regular rising and 
falling of the sea, rivers, &c; stream; 
time; season; turning point; tenden- 
cy; in mining, period of twelve 
hours: v.t. to drive with the stream: 
v.i. to work in or out of a river or 
harbor by drifting with the tide. 

tidings ('ingz), n.pl. news. 

tidology (-ol'o-ji), n. the science of 
tides. 

tidy ('i), adj. [comp. tidier, superl. 
tidiest], kept or dressed in proper 
and habitual neatness; trim; neat; 
orderly: n. an ornamental cover for 



the back of a chair, &c: v.t. [pi. & 
p.p. tidied, p.pr. tidying], to make 
neat or tidy; put in proper order. 

tier (ter), n. a row or rank, especially 
one of two or more rows placed one 
above the other. 

tierce (ters), n. a cask of 42 gallons; 
sequence of three cards; thrust in 
fencing; a third [music], 

tiercel (ter'sel), n. a male hawk. 

tiff (tif), n. a fit of anger; slight 
quarrel; small draught of liquor: 
v.i. to be in a fit. 

tiffany ('a-ni), n. a thin gauze or silk. 

tiffin (tif 'in), n. East Indian term for 
a slender repast or luncheon. 

tige (tezh), n. the shaft of a column 
from the astragal to the capital. 

tiger-flower (-flou-er), n. a flower 
of the Iris order, spotted yellow and 
orange. 

tiger-lily (-lil-i), n. a handsome lily 
having flowers "spotted with orange. 

tigrine ('grin), adj. tiger-like. 

tigrish ('grish), adj. resembling a 
tiger; fierce. 

tilde (til'de), n. a mark (~) placed 
over n in Spanish words to indicate 
that the vowel following it is to be 
sounded as a y. 

tile (til), n. a thin slab of baked clay, 
used for roofing, &c; hat; door of a 
Masonic lodge: v.t. to cover with 
tiles; guard (the door of a lodge). 

tiler ('er), n. one who roofs houses 
with tiles; door-keeper of a Masonic 
lodge. Tyler. 

tiliaceous {-i-a'shus), adj. allied to, 
or like, the limetree. 

tillage ('aj), n. land prepared for 
crops; husbandry; agriculture. 

tiller ('er), n. a husbandman; handle 
or lever for turning the rudder of a 
vessel; a sprout springing from a 
root or stump. 

tilt (tilt), n. a tent; the cloth cover- 
ing of a cart or wagon; cover of a 
boat or stern awning; a thrust; a 
mediaeval military exercise or pa- 
geant in which the combatants on 
horseback attacked each other with 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon> 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TILTH 



716 



TIPSY-CAKE 



lances; a tilt-hammer; upheaval of 
strata to a higher angle. 

tilth (tilth), n. cultivated land; til- 
lage ground. 

tilt-hammer (tilt'ham-er), n. a 
heavy hammer used in iron foun- 
dries, worked by steam or hydraulic 
power. 

timber (tim'ber), n. the body or stem 
of a tree; wood suitable for build- 
ings, carpentry, shipbuilding, &c; 
piece of wood for building or al- 
ready framed; wooded land: v.t. to 
furnish or construct with timber. 

timbre ('ber), n. tone or character 
of musical sound. 

timbrel ('brel), n. a kind of drum or 
tabret. 

timeist, same as timist. 

timelock (tlm'lok), n. a lock with 
clockwork attachment set to open 
at a certain time. 

timely (']i), adj. [comp. timelier, su- 
perl. timeliest], being or occurring 
in time; opportune. 

timid (tim'id), adj. wanting in cour- 
age; faint-hearted; fearful. 

timist (tim'ist), n. one who keeps 
time [music]. 

timorous (tim'er-us), adj. fearful of 
danger; full of scruples. 

timothy grass ('6-thi gras), n. a 
valuable grass used for fodder. 

tinctorial (tingk-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to, relating to, or imparting, 
a color. 

tincture ('tur), n. a tinge or shade 
of color; slight taste or quality; so- 
lution of any medicine in or by 
means of spirits of wine; fine or 
more volatile parts of a substance: 
v.t. to dye or color; tinge. 

tinder ('der), n. any inflammable 
material used to kindle a fire from a 
spark, as rotten wood or scorched 
linen. 

tine (tin), n. a tooth or spike. 

tinfoil (tin'foil), n. tin beaten into 
thin leaf. 

ting (ting), n. a sharp, bell-like 
sound; that part of a Chinese tem- 
ple which contains the idol. 



tinge (tinj), v.t. to stain or color; 
impregnate with something foreign; 
dye : n. a slight degree of some color, 
taste, or quality imparted to a sub- 
stance; tint. 

tingle (ting'gl), v.i. to feel a thrill- 
ing sensation, or pain: v.t. to ring; 
cause to tingle: n. a thrilling sensa- 
tion or pain. 

tinker (ting'ker), n. a mender of 
metal pots, kettles, &c. : v.t. to patch 
up: v.i. meddle in an officious man- 
ner. 

tinsel ('sel), n. a kind of cloth over- 
laid or interwoven with gold and 
silver; thin glittering metallic plate; 
anything showy but of little value; 
something superficial and gaudy: 
adj. showy to excess; superficial; 
outwardly fine but really worthless: 
v.t. to decorate with, or as with, 
tinsel; make outwardly gaudy, while 
valueless in reality. 

tint (tint), n. a slight coloring dis- 
tinct from the principal color; hue 
or shade: v.t. to give a slight color- 
ing to. 

tintinnabulation (tin-ti-nab-u-la/- 
shun), n. a tinkling sound, as of 
bells. 

tintometer (-tom'e-ter), n. an appa- 
ratus for estimating shades of color 
by comparison with standard shades 
or tints. 

tintype same as ferrotype. 

tippet ('et), n. a narrow cape, or 
covering of cloth or fur for the neck 
or shoulders. 

tipping ('ing), n. the peculiar artic- 
ulation given to the flute by the 
player's tongue striking the roof of 
the mouth. 

tipple ('1), v.i. to drink spirits or 
strong liquors habitually; drink fre- 
quently in small quantities: n. 
liquor. 

tipstaff ('staf), n. a constable. 

tipster ('ster), n. one who supplies 
private information about race- 
horses, &c. 

tipsy-cake (-kak), n. sponge cake 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






TIRADE 



717 



TOKAY 



soaked in wine and stuck over with 
almonds. 

tirade (ti-rad'), n. a long, violent, 
declamatory speech; strain of cen- 
sure or reproof; filling of an inter- 
val by the intermediate diatonic 
notes. 

tiresome ('sum), adj. wearisome; 
tedious; fatiguing; annoying. 

Tisri (tiz'ri), n. the seventh month of 
the ecclesiastical, and first month of 
the Jewish civil year, corresponding 
to part of September and October. 
Also Tishri. 

tissue (tish'oo), n. a woven fabric, 
especially thin transparent silk used 
for veiling, formerly interwoven 
with gold or silver threads; any thin 
or delicate texture or fabric; thin 
cellular organization of parts, con- 
sisting of forms closely compacted 
and performing special functions; 
connected series: v.t. to form tissue 
of; interweave. 

tissued ('odd), adj. variegated. 

titanic (ti-tan'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, characteristic of, or like the Ti- 
tans, the fabled giants of classic 
mythology: hence, huge; of enor- 
mous strength. 

tithe (tlth), n. the tenth part of any- 
thing, especially the tenth part of 
the annual increase of the profit 
arising from land, stock, &c, allotted 
to the support of the clergy; small 
part: v.t. to tax or levy a tithe of. 

titillate (tit'i-lat), v.t. to tickle. 

titiliation (-la/shun), n. a tickling or 
itching sensation or state of feeling. 

titivate ('i-vat), v.t. to make smart 
or adorn. 

titrate (tit'rat), v.t. to estimate or 
determine the strength of by volu- 
metric analysis. 

titration (ti-tra/shun), n. volumetric 
analysis. 

titter (tit'er), v.i. to laugh with re- 
straint; giggle; see-saw: n. a re- 
strained laugh. 

tittle (tit'l), n. a small particle; iota. 

titular ('u-lar), adj. existing in name 
or title only; nominal: n. one who 



is invested with a title to an office, 
but does not possess the power and 
authority appertaining to it. 

t. n. t., abbreviation and symbol of 
trinitrotoluol (q.v.). 

toad (tod), n. a batrachian reptile, re- 
sembling the frog, of the genus Bufo. 

toadeater ('et-er), n. a sycophant. 

toadstool ('stool), n. a name of nu> 
merous species of fungi of the genus 
Agaricus. 

toady ('i), n. a sycophant: v.t. [v.t. 
& p.p. toadied, p.pr. toadying], to 
fawn upon as a sycophant: v.i. to 
play the sycophant. 

toast (tost), n. bread scorched or 
browned before the fire; one who is 
named when a health is drunk: v.t. 
to brown or heat at the fire; show 
honor to in drinking; name when a 
health is drunk. 

tobine Coin), n. a stout, twilled, 
dress silk. 

toboggan (-bog'an), n. a kind of 
sledge in which one or more persons 
sit for sliding down snow-covered 
hills or inclines: v.i. to slide down- 
hill by means of a toboggan. 

toby (to'bi), n. a drinking mug used 
for beer or ale. 

tocsin (tok'sin), n. an alarm-bell. 

toddle (tod'l), v.i. to walk with short, 
tottering steps like a child: n. a tod- 
dling walk. 

toddy ('i), n. a sweet -juice obtained 
from certain palms; mixture of spir- 
it and water sweetened. 

toffy (tof'i), n. a sweetmeat; taffy. 

toga (to-ga), n. [pi. togas (g&z), 
togae ('je)J, the loose outer garment 
worn by the ancient Romans. 

toga virilis (vir'il-is), n. the toga 
assumed by Roman youths at the 
age of fourteen. 

toggery (tog'er-i), n. clothes; articles. 

toggle ('1), n. a small wooden pin taper- 
ing toward both ends and grooved 
round its center; button or frog. 

toggle-joint (-joint), n. an elbow or 
knee joint. 

toilsomeness (-nes), n. laboriousness. 

Tokay (to-ka'),7z.a richHungarian wine. 



fite, firm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TOKEN 



718 



TOPE 



token ('kn), n. a mark or sign; me- 
morial of affection, &c; symbol of 
good faith or authenticity; piece of 
metal not coined by authority, but 
current by sufferance. 

tola ('la\ n. in British India, a weight 
for gold and silver =180 grains troy. 

Toledo (-le'do), n. a sword or sword- 
blade of the finest temper, made orig- 
inally at Toledo, Spain. 

tolerable (torer-a-bl), adj. endura- 
ble; supportable; fairly good. 

tolerance ('er-ans), n. endurance; 
toleration. 

toleration (-a'shun), n. the act of 
, tolerating; allowance of that which 
is not wholly approved; recognition 
of the right of private judgment in 
religious opinions and modes of wor- 
ship differing from those of the es- 
tablished Church; freedom from 
bigotry. 

toll (tol), n. the sound of a bell slow- 
ly repeated at short intervals; a 
duty or tax on travelers or goods 
passing along a public road or 
bridge; tax or duty paid for some 
privilege : v.i. to sound or ring slowly, 
as a bell; annul. 

tolu (to'lu), n. a balsam produced 
by a South American tree (Myroxy- 
lon toluifera). 

tomahawk (tom'a-hawk), n. a hatch- 
et used by the North American In- 
dians in war and the chase: v.t. to 
strike, or kill with a tomahawk. 

toman (to'man), n. a gold coin cur- 
rent in Persia, value about $1.76. 

tome (torn), n. a large book. 

tomentose (to-men'tos), adj. covered 
so closely with hairs as to be scarcely 
discernible; nappy. Also tomentous. 

tomentum ('turn), n. the closely 
matted down on the leaves or stems 
of certain plants. 

tomin (to'min), n. a jeweler's weight 
of 12 grains. 

Tommy Atkins (tom'-i afkinz), n. 
popular term for the white private 
soldier in the English Army. 

tompion (tom'pi-on), n. the stopper 
or plug of a cannon; the iron button 



to which a charge of grape-shot is 
affixed. Also tampion. 

tomtit ('tit), n. the titmouse. 

tom-tom ('torn), n. a drum flat at one 
end and convex at the other: used in 
Africa and the East Indies. Also 
tam-tam. 

ton (tun), n. 20 hundredweight; 40 
cubic feet in ship measurement; pre- 
vailing fashion (tong). 

tonality (ton-al'i-ti), n. key relation- 
ship; accuracy of pitch. 

tonic (ton'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
based on, the key-note; increasing 
tension; strengthening: n. a strength- 
ening medicine. 

tonite (to'nlt), n. a powerful explo- 
sive. 

Tonka bean (tong'ka ben), n. the 
aromatic kernels of the fruit of a 
shrubby plant of Guiana, used for 
scenting snuff, &c. Also Tonkuin 
bean. 

tonnage (tun'aj), n. the weight of 
goods carried in a boat or ship; car- 
rying capacity of a vessel; duty or 
toll on vessels; collective shipping of 
any port or country. 

tonneau (tun-o'), n. that part of an 
automobile body behind the 
chauffeur's seat, arranged for pas- 
sengers. 

tonsils (ton'silz), n.pl. two almond- 
shaped glands situated at the two 
sides of the fauces of the throat. 

tonsilitis (-sil-I'tis), n. inflammation 
of the tonsils. 

tonsorial (ton-so'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to shaving or to a barber. 

tonsure ('shur), n. the act of clip- 
ping the hair or of shaving the 
crown of the head; the corona thus 
worn by Roman Catholic clerics: 
v.i. to give the tonsure to. 

tontine (-ten'), a loan raised on life 
annuities with benefit accruing to 
the last survivor. 

topaz Cpaz), n. a crystallized mineral 
of various colors used as a gem. 

topazolite Co-lit), n. a variety of 
garnet. 

tope (top), n. a mound-shaped Bud- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TOPEE 



719 



TORTURE 



dhist monument containing relics; 
grove of trees [Hindu]. 

topee (to-pe'), n. a cork or pith hel- 
met. Also topi. 

toper ('per), n. a drunkard. 

topgallant (top 'gal-ant), adj. situ- 
ated above the topmast: n. a topgal- 
lant mast or sail. 

tophamper ('ham-per), n. a ship's 
rigging, spars, &c. 

Tophet (to'fet), n. a place situated 
southeast of Jerusalem, in the Val- 
ley of Hinnom, where fire was burnt 
in honor of Moloch: subsequently 
made a burial place: hence hell. 

topic (top'ik), n. a subject of discourse, 
conversation, or argument; theme. 

topmast ('mast), n. the second mast 
from the deck of a ship. 

topographer (to-pog'ra-fer), n. one 
who describes particular places in 
writing. 

topography (to-pog'ra-fi), n. the sci- 
entific description of a particular 
place, &c; the features of a region 
or locality. 

topping (top'ing), adj. rising above; 
surpassing: n. the act of cutting off 
the top. 

topple ('1), v.t. to overturn: v.i. to 
fall forward; tumble down. 

topsail ('sal), n. the sail second from 
the deck. 

toque (tok), n. a kind of bonnet. 

tor (tor), n. high pointed hill; jutting 
rock. 

Torah (to'ra), n. the Mosaic law; 
Pentateuch. Also Thorah. 

toreador (tor-e-a-dor'), n. a bull 
fighter. 

toreutic (to-roo'tik), adj. pertaining 
to carved or sculptured work, espe- 
cially to metallic work in basso- 
relievo. 

torment (tor'ment), n. extreme pain; 
torture; anguish: v.t. (tor-ment') to 
put to extreme pain, physical or 
mental; torture; harass. 

tornado (tor-na'do), n. [pi. tornadoes 
('doz) ], a violent tempest or whirl- 
wind. 



torose (to'ros), adj. swelling in knobs 
uneven. 

torpedo (tor-pe'do), n. [pi. torpedoes 
('doz) ], a submarine apparatus for 
destroying ships by explosion; kind 
of firework; the cramp-fish: v.t. to 
destroy by a torpedo. 

torpescent (-pes'ent), adj. becoming 
torpid. 

torpid ('pid), adj. numb; inactive. 

torpidity ('i-ti), n. inactivity; in- 
sensibility. 

torpor ('per), n. numbness; inactiv- 
ity. 

torque (tork), n. a twisted collar or 
necklace worn by certain ancient 
barbaric nations. 

torrefy (tor're-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
.torrefied, p.pr. torrefying], to dry by 
fire; roast (ores). 

torrent Cent), n. a violent and rapid 
stream; heavy fall, as of rain; strong 
current, rising suddenly and rushing 
rapidly along. 

torrid ('id), adj. dried with heat;, ex- 
tremely hot; burning; parching. 

torsion (tor'shun), n. the act of turn- 
ing or twisting; the wrenching or 
twisting of a body by lateral force. 

torso ('so), n. [pi. torsos, torsi ('s5z, 
'se)], the trunk of a statue, espe- 
cially one having the head or limbs 
mutilated. 

tort (tort), n. in law, any wrong, in- 
jury, or damage. 

tortile (tor'til), adj. bent; twisted; 
wreathed. 

tortilla (-tel'ya), n. a thin unleav- 
ened cake of maize baked on a heated 
iron plate. 

tortoise (tor'tis), n. a reptile of the 
family Testudinidae with a very hard 
shell or test; a testudo. 

tortuous ('u-us), adj. crooked; twist- 
ed; wreathed; underhand; indirect; 
deceitful. 

torture ('tur), n. agony of mind or 
body; excruciating pain; pain in- 
flicted as a punishment or as a 
means of extorting a confession: v.t. 
to punish with, or as with, torture; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TORUS 



720 



TRACHITIS 



put to the rack; excruciate; vex; 
wrest from the true meaning. 

torus (to'rus), n. a large semi-circu- 
lar molding in the base of a column ; 
that part of a flower on which the 
carpels are seated. 

Tory (to'ri), n. [pi. Tories ('riz)], in 
English politics, a Conservative: adj. 
pertaining to Conservatives. 

totality (-tal'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being total; entire quan- 
tity, amount, or sum. 

tote (tot), v.t. to carry. 

totem (tO'tem), n. an animal used as 
the symbol or name of a tribe or 
clan. 

totter (tot'er), v.i. to shake as if 
about to fall; be unsteady; stagger; 
reel. 

tottlish (lish), adj. unsteady. 

toucan (too-kan'), n. a fruit-eating 
tropical bird with along curved beak. 

touch-down (tuch'down), n. a point 
scored in football by carrying the 
ball across opponents' goal line; the 
act of making such a point. 

touchstone ('ston), n. Lydian stone or 
basanite, used for testing the purity 
of gold and silver: hence a criterion. 

touchwood ('wood),n. dried fungus 
or decayed wood which easily ignites 
and burns slowly. 

touchy ('i), irritable; peevish. 

toupee (too-pe'), n. a small wig, or 
curl. 

tourbillion (-bil'yun), n. an orna- 
mental rotating firework. 

touring car (toor'ing-kar), n. an 
automobile of relatively large size, 
suitable for making long trips in the 
country. 

tourist ('ist), n. excursionist. 

tourmaline ('ma-lin), n. a transpar- 
ent aluminous mineral of various 
colors, some varieties of which are 
used as gems. 

tournament ('na-ment), n. a mock 
fight by knights on horseback; con- 
test of skill. Also tourney. 

tourniquet ('ni-ket), n. a surgical 
instrument for compressing an ar- 
tery and arresting hemorrhage. 



tousle or touzle (touz'l), v.t. to pull 
or tear; worry; put in disorder. 

tout (tout), v.i. to look out for custo- 
mers: n. one who secretly watches 
racehorses in training, in order to 
give private information to his cli- 
ents to guide them in betting; a 
touter. i 

tout-ensemble (too-tang-sam'bl), n. 
the general effect of a work of art, 
costume, &c, regarded as a whole. 

touter (tout'er), n. one who hangs 
about to secure the custom of tour- 
ists for a particular hotel, &c. 

tow (to), n. the coarse part of flax or 
hemp: v.t. to drag as a vessel 
through the water by means of a 
rope. 

towage ('aj), n. the act of towing; 
price paid for towing. 

township ('ship), n. the district or 

' territory into which many of the 
States are divided and subordinate 
to the county. 

toxemia, toxaemia (toks-e'mi-a), n, 
blood poisoning. 

toxic ('ik), adj. poisonous. 

toxicology ('o-ji), n. the science that 
treats of poisons, their effects, anti- 
dotes, &c. 

toxicomania (-ko-ma-ni'a), n. a 
mania for intoxicating or poisonous 
drugs, as opium. 

toxin (toks'in), n. a poison produced 
by the action of bacteria upon or- 
ganic matter. 

trace (tras), n. a mark left by any- 
thing passing; footprint; small quan- 
tity: pi. the straps, &c. by which a 
vehicle is drawn by a horse: v.t. to 
delineate by marks; follow by tracks 
or footsteps; follow exactly. 

traceable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing traced. 

trachea (tra-ke'a), n. the windpipe: 
pi. the air-tubes in the bodies of in- 
sects (tracheae). 

tracheotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the surgi- 
cal operation of making an opening 
into the windpipe. 

trachitis (-kl'tis), n. inflammation of 
the trachea. Also tracheitis. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TRACING 



721 



TRAMONTANA 



tracing (tra'sing), n. the act of one 
who traces; regular path; mechan- 
ical copy by marking on thin paper 

• over the original. 

tract (trakt), n. a short treatise, 
usually on some religious subject; 
region of indefinite extent; expanse. 

tractable ('a-bl), adj. docile; easily 
instructed or managed. 

Tractarian (trak-ta/ri-an), adj. re- 
lating to a system of religious 
principles published in pamphlet 
form about 1840, in England, and 
being a movement on the part of 
certain members of the High Church 
party. 

tractate (trak'tat), n. a small book 
or treatise. 

tractile ('til), adj. ductile. 

traction ('shun), n. the act of draw- 
ing; state of being drawn; attrac- 
tion. 

tractor ('ter), n. that which draws, 
or is used in drawing. 

tractrix ('triks), n. a curve, the tan- 
gent of which is always equal to a 
given line. Also tractatrix, tractory. 

trade-mark ('mark), n. a distin- 
guishing device affixed by a mer- 
chant to his goods to show his ex- 
clusive right, or as a guarantee of 
genuineness. 

trades-union (-z'un-yun), n. an or- 
ganized combination of workmen for 
the protection of their interests in 
any particular trade or industry. 

trade-winds ('windz), n.pl. certain 
ocean winds in or near the torrid 
zone which blow steadily from the 
same quarter periodically. Also 
trades. 

tradition (tra-dish'un), n. the oral 
transmission of events, opinions, 
doctrines, practices, &c, through 
successive generations without writ- 
ten memorials; that which is so 
handed down; ancient custom. 

traduce (tra-dus'), v.t. to slander. „ 

traffic (traf'ik), n. business or trade; 
commerce; transportation of persons 
or goods on a railway, vehicle, ship, 



&c: intercourse: v.i. to trade; bar- 
gain: v.t. to barter. 

tragacanth (trag'a-kanth), n. a gum 
obtained from various species of 
Astragalus. 

tragedian (tra-je'di-an), n. an actor 
or writer of tragedies. 

tragedienne (-zha-dyen' or -je'di-en), 
n. an actress of tragedy. 

tragedy (traj'e-di), n. [pi. tragedies 
(-diz) ], a dramatic poem of elevated 
style, representing some event or 
series of events in the life of a per- 
son or persons and having usually a 
fatal ending; a melancholy and fatal 
event; an event in which human 
lives are lost by murderous violence 
or some catastrophe. 

tragic ('ik), adj. pertaining to trag- 
edy; calamitous; fatal; terrible. 
Also tragical. 

train-oil ('oil), n. oil obtained by 
boiling whale's blubber. 

trait (trat), n. a peculiar feature or 
characteristic; touch. 

traitor (tra'ter), n. one who is guilty 
of treason or the betrayal of his 
country to an enemy by breach of 
trust; one who betrays any confi- 
dence; a deceiver. Feminine trai- 
tress or traitoress. 

traitorous ('ter-us), adj. guilty of 
treason; perfidious. 

trajectory (tra-jek'to-ri), n. [pi. tra- 
jectories (-riz)], the curve described 
by a body in space, under the action 
of certain forces, as a comet, or 
stone thrown upwards. 

tram (tram), n. one of the rails of a 
tramway; a tramway; tramway- 
car; shaft of a cart: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
trammed, p.pr. tramming], to travel 
by tram-car [English]: v.t. to trans- 
port on a tramway. 

tramble ('bl), v.t. to wash (ore) in 
a particular manner. 

trammel ('el), n. a net used for 
fowling or fishing; shackle for 
horses; anything that impedes prog- 
ress, action, or freedom: v.t. to im- 
pede or hinder; shackle. 

tramontana (tra-mon-ta'na), n. a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TRAMPLE 



722 



TRANSGRESS 



cold, blighting north wind peculiar 
to the Mediterranean. 

trample ('bl), v.t. to tread under the 
feet; prostrate by treading; treat 
with insult or contempt: v.i. to 
stamp rapidly and repeatedly with 
the feet; tread roughly. 

trampoose (tram-poos'), v.i. to 
tramp; walk heavily; wander about. 

tramway ('wa), n. a street railway; 
metal track for wagons or trucks. 
Tramroad. 

trance (trans), n. a state in which 
the soul appears to be absent from 
the body pr rapt in visions; tempor- 
ary suspension of sensation and 
volition while the heart and lungs 
continue to act; swoon; catalepsy; 
v.t. to place in, or as in, a state of 
trance. 

tranquil (trang'kwil), adj. calm; 
quiet; undisturbed; not agitated. 

trans, a prefix, meaning over, across, 
beyond, through, on the other side. 

transaction (-ak'shun), n. the man- 
agement of any business or affair; 
that which is done or performed; a 
proceeding; affair: pi. report of a 
scientific or learned society. 

transatlantic (trans-at-lan'tik), adj. 
lying or existing beyond the Atlantic 
ocean. 

transcend (tran-send'), v.t. to rise 
above; surpass; surmount; excel; 
exceed. 

transcendental ('al), adj. ' noting 
that which lies beyond the limits of 
experience or external to the senses; 
speculative; metaphysical; vague; 
supereminent. 

transcendentalism ('al-izm), n. the 
Kantian philosophy which affirms 
that the primary principles of 
knowledge are ascertained by the in- 
vestigation of that which is a priori, 
or independent of experience; a re- 
ligious movement in the United 
States, 1839, associated with Emer- 
^ ■ son and Channing. 

transcribe (-skrib'), v.t. to copy. 

transcript ('skript), n. a written 
copy from an original. 



transcription (-skrip'shun), n. a 
copy. 

transept ('sept), n. that part of a 
church at right angles on either side 
to the chancel. 

transfer (trans-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
transferred, p.pr. transferring!, to 
convey from one person or place to 
another; convey, as a right, title, 
&c; produce by impression, as an 
engraving from a lithographic stone: 
n. (trans'fer) conveyance of a right, 
title, property, &c, from one person 
to another; deed by which such a 
transfer is executed; removal; a sol- 
dier transferred from one troop or 
company to another; drawing or 
writing printed off from one surface 
to another. 

transfiguration (-fig-u-ra'shun), n. 
a change of form or appearance, es- 
pecially the supernatural change in 
the personal appearance of Jesus 
Christ on the Mount. 

transfix (-fiks'), v.t. to pierce through. 

transfixion (-fik'shun), n. the act of 
transfixing; state of being trans- 
fixed. 

transform (-form'), v.t. to change 
the shape or appearance of; con- 
vert or change the character of; 
transmute; metamorphose; change 
the form of (an algebraic equation) 
into another of different form with- 
out altering its value. 

transformation (-for-ma'shun), n. 
the act of transforming; state of be- 
ing transformed; transmutation; 
metamorphosis; change of character; 
conversion. 

transfuse (-fuz'), v.t. to pour out of 
one vessel into another; instil: 
transfer, as blood, from the veins of 
a person or animal to those of an- 
other. 

transfusion (-fu'zhun), n. the act 
of transfusing; state of being trans- 
fused. 

transgress (-gres'), v.i. to offend by 
the violation or infraction of any 
law, rule, &c; sin: v.t. break or vio- 
late. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






TRANSGRESSION 



723 TRANSUBSTANTIATION 



transgression (-gresh'un) , n. the 
act of violating any law or rule of 
moral duty; fault; offense; sin. 

transient (tran'shent), adj. fleeting; 
brief. 

transit (tran'sit), - n. a passage 
through or over; passage of a heav- 

. enly body across the meridian of a 
place; passage of an inferior planet 
across the sun's disc. 

transition (-sish'un), n. the passage 
from one place or state to another: 
change, as of key in music or of the 
subject of discourse. 

transitive ('si-tiv), adj. noting an 
action passing from a subject to 
an object. 

transitory ('si-to-ri), adj. continuing 
but a short time; evanescent; fleet- 
ing; unstable. 

translate (trans-laf), v.t. to render 
from one language into another; in- 
terpret; remove to another place or 
position; remove to heaven without 
dying. 

translation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
translating; that which is trans- 
lated; removal; version; removal of 
a bishop from one see to another. 

translucent (-lu'sent), adj. semi- 
transparent. 

transmigration (trans-ml-gra'shun), 
n. migration from one place to an- 
other; the passing of the soul from 
one body to another after death; 
metempsychosis. 

transmissible ('i-bl), adj. that may 
• be passed from one to another, or 
through a body or substance. 

transmission (-mish'un), n. the act 
of transmitting; the things trans- 
mitted; passage through. Also 
transmittal. 

transmit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
transmitted, p.pr. transmitting], to 
cause or suffer to pass over or 
through; send from one place or 
person to another. 

transmitter ('er), n. one who, or 
that which, transmits; a telegraphic 
or telephonic sending instrument. 

transmutation (-mu-ta'shun), n. 



change from one form, nature, sub- 
stance, or species, into another. 

transmute (-nmt'), v.t. to change 
from one form, nature, substance, 
or species into another. 

transom (tran'som), n. a cross-beam 
over a door or over the sternpost of 
a vessel; horizontal mullion or 
crossbar in a window. 

transparency (trans-par'en-si), n. 
[pi. transparencies (-siz) ], the state 
or quality of being transparent; a 
picture painted on a semi-transpar- 
ent material through which a light 
shines. 

transparent Cent), adj. having the 
property of transmitting rays of 
light; clear. 

transpiration (-pi-ra'shun), n. ex- 
halation through the pores of the 
skin. 

transpire (-pir'), v.i. to be excreted 
through the pores of the skin; be 
exhaled; become known; come to 
pass; occur: v.t. to perspire; exhale. 

transplant (-plant'), v.t. to remove 
and plant in another place; remove 
and establish. 

transplantation (-plan-ta'shun), n. 
the act of transplanting. 

transport (-port'), v.t. to carry 
across or from one place to another; 
banish as a criminal; carry away by 
violence of passion, or pleasure: n. 
(trans'port) conveyance for bag- 
gage or stores; a vessel employed 
for carrying troops, stores, &c, from 
one place to another; violent mani- 
festation of anger; rapture; ecstasy. 

transportation (-por-ta'shun), n. 
banishment for crime; conveyance. 

transpose (-poz'), v.t. to change the 
place or order of, by putting each in 
the place of the other; change the 
key of; change (a term) from one 
side of an equation to the other by 
changing the sign. 

transposition (-po-zish'un), n. the 
act of transposing; state of being 
transposed. Also transposal. 

transubstantiation (tran-sub-stan- 
shl-a'shun), n. the doctrine that after 



m 



arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TRANSUDE 



724 



TREASURY 



consecration the elements in the party in a lawsuit; parapet and 

Eucharist are converted into the trench across a ditch. 

veritable body and blood of Christ, travesty ('es-ti), n. [pi. travesties 



transude (-sud'), v.i. to pass or ooze 
through the pores or interstices of 
a substance. 

transverse (trans-vers'), adj. lying 
or being across or crosswise; broad- 
er than long. 

trapeze (tra-pez'), n. a swinging 
horizontal bar suspended at each 
end by a rope, used by gymnasts. 

trapezium (-pe'zi-um), n. a plane 
figure bounded by 4 right lines, of 
which no two are parallel; the out- 
ermost bone of the second row of 
the carpus. 

trapezoid (trap'e-zoid), n. a plane 
figure with 4 sides, having 2 sides 
parallel to each other. 
• trapper ('er), n. one who traps ani- 
mals, especially to obtain the fur. 

trappings ('ingz), n.pl. ornamented 
articles of dress; superficial decora- 
tions; ornaments for horses. 

trappist (trap'ist), n. a member of 
a monastic order founded in the 
12th century. 

trashy ('i), adj. [comp. trashier, su- 
perl. trashiest], worthless; useless. 

trass (tras), n. a tufaceous alluvium 
" or volcanic earth, used as a hy- 
draulic cement. Also terras. 

traumatic (traw-mat'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, applied to, suitable for, 
or produced by, wounds. 

travado (tra-va/do), n. a sudden 
squall accompanied with hghtning 
and rain [Spanish]. 

travail (trav'il or 'al), n. labor with 
pain; severe toil; parturition: v.i. 
to suffer the pains of childbirth. 

trave (trav), n. a wooden frame for 
confining a horse while being shod. 

traverse ('ers), adj-. lying or being 
across: adv. athwart; .crosswise: n. 
a cross piece; something lying or 
placed across something else; a gal- 
lery or loft of communication in a 
church or large building; formal de- 
nial of the pleadings of the opposite 



(-tiz)], a burlesque or parody: v.L 
[p.t. & p.p. travestied, p.pr. trav- 
estying], to burlesque or parody. 

trawl (trawl), n. a large net of pe- 
culiar construction used in deep-sea 
fishing : v.i. to fish with a trawl. 

trawler ('er), n. one who trawls; a 
fishing vessel used in trawling. 

tray (tra), n. [pi. trays (traz)], a 
broad, flat vessel for holding or car- 
rying dishes, glasses, &c. ; salver. 

treacherous (trech'er-us), adj. be- 
traying a trust; perfidious; faith- 
less. 

treachery ('er-i), n. [pi. treacheries 
(-iz)], treasonable or perfidious con- 
duct; perfidy; violation of allegi- 
ance or faith; treason. 

treacle (tre'kl), n. a syrup drained 
from sugar in the process of refining; 
molasses. 

tread (tred), v.i. [pi. trod, p.p. trod- 
den, p.pr. treading], to step or walk, 
especially to walk with a more or 
less stately or measured step; copu- 
late, as birds: v.t. to walk on; crush 
under the feet; subdue or vanquish. 

tread (tred), n. of an automobile, the 
part of the wheel that comes in con- 
tact with the ground. 

treadle ('1), n. that part of a loom 
or other machine moved by the foot. 

treadmill ('mil), n. a large wheel 
driven by persons treading on the 
steps of the periphery. 

treason (tre'zn), n. the offense of 
betraying the state or subverting the 
government of the state to which 
the offender belongs; rebellion. 

treasure (trezh'ur), n. accumulated 
wealth; abundance; plenty; some-< 
thing highly valued: v.t. to lay up 
or collect for future use; hoard; ac- 
cumulate; value highly. 

treasury ('ur-i), n. [pi. treasuries j 
(-iz) ], a place or building where the 
public revenues are deposited and 
the public debts discharged; that' 
department of a government which 1 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



has charge of 



URY NOTE 



725 



TRESTLE 



as charge of the finances; the offi- 
cials constituting such a department; 
collection of valuable information or 
facts. 

treasury note (not), n. a demand 
note issued by the United States 
treasury, and by law made a legal 
tender for all debts, public and priv- 
ate, except duties on imports and 
interest on the public debt. 

treatise ('is), n. a written composi- 
tion on some particular subject, in 
; which its principles are discussed or 
■ explained. 

treatment ('ment), n. act or man- 
ner of treating; usage; manage- 
ment; manipulation. 

treaty ('i), n. [pi. treaties (-iz) ], 
the act of treating for the adjust- 
ment of differences or for forming an 
f agreement; league or agreement be- 
tween two states, &c. ; negotiation. 
I treble (trebl), adj. threefold; triple; 
pertaining to the highest vocal or 
instrumental part [music]: n. the 
highest vocal or instrumental part; 
soprano: v.t. to make threefold: v.i. 
to bejcome threefold. 

trefoil ('foil), n. any plant of the 
genus Trifolium, including the clo- 
vers; an ornamental foliation used 
in architecture resembling three- 
leaved clover. 

treenail ('nal), n. a cylindrical wooden 
pin used for securing the planks 
of a ship to the timbers. Also 
trenail. 

trek (trek), v.i. to travel by wagon, 
especially in search of a new settle- 
ment: n. a journey by wagon [South 
Africa]. 

trellis (trel'is), n. a structure or 
frame of lattice-work for supporting 
vines, &c. 

tremble (trem'bl), v.i. to shake in- 
voluntarily, as with fear, cold, weak- 
ness, &c; shudder; totter; quaver, 
as sound: n. an involuntary shak- 
ing; shiver. 

tremendous (tre-men'dus), adj. ex- 
citing fear or terror; dreadful; ter- 
rible; terrific; marvelous. 



tremolo (trem'o-lo), n. a tremulous 
or fluttering effect in vocal or instru- 
mental music; mechanical device in 
an organ by which a tremolo is pro- 
duced. 

tremor (trem'er), n. an involuntary 
trembling; quivering or vibratory 
motion. 

tremulous ('ii-lus), adj. trembling; 
quivering; shaking; affected with 
fear or timidity; vibratory. 

trenchant ('ant), adj. sharp; keen; 
severe. 

trencher-cap (-kap), n. a college 
cap. 

trend (trend), n. inclination in a 
particular direction; general tend- 
ency; v.i. to have a particular di- 
rection; tend; stretch. 

trepan (tre-pan'), n. a cylindrical 
saw of peculiar construction used in 
the operation of trepanning: v.i. 
[p.t. & p.p. trepanned, p.pr. trepan- 
ning], to perform the operation of 
trepanning: v.t. to perforate with a 
trepan. 

trepanning ('ing), n. the surgical 
operation of making a perforation 
in the skull and taking out a piece 
to remove pressure on the brain. 

trephine (tre-fin'), n. a surgical in- 
strument for removing a disk of 
bone from the skull: v.t. to operate 
on with a trephine; to trepan. 

trepidation (trep-i-da'shun), n. an 
involuntary trembling; state of ter- 
ror or alarm; confused haste. 

trespass (tres'pas), v.i. to commit 
any offense; sin; enter unlawfully 
upon the land of another; intrude; 
violate any recognized rule of duty 
or social life: n. the act of trespass- 
ing; any offense or injury done to 
the person or property of another; 
transgression : sin. 

tress (tres), n. a braid or lock of 
hair. 

tressel, same as trestle. 

trestle (tres'l), n. a movable form 
for supporting anything; frame of a 
table. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TRESTLE-BOARD 



726 



TRICLINIUM 



trestle-board (-bord), n. a draught- 
man's designing board. 

trestle-bridge (tres'1-brij), n. a 
bridge made of trestle-work. 

trestle-tree (-tre), n. one of two 
stout bars of timber secured hori- 
zontally to a mast to support the 
cross-trees. 

trestle-work (-werk), n. a viaduct, 
pier, or scaffold supported on trestles 
connected together with cross-beams 
and braces. 

trey (tra), n. a 3 at cards or dice; 
card with 3 spots. 

tri, a prefix meaning three, threefold, 
as tfnangled, adj. having 3 angles. 

triable (tri'a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing tried or subjected to test. 

triad (tri 'ad), n. a union of 3; an 
element which can replace or direct- 
ly unite with 3 atoms of hydrogen 
or similar monatonic element; the 
common chord of a tone with its 
third and fifth [music]. 

triandrian (tri-an'dri-an), adj. hav- 
ing 3 equal and distinct stamens. 
Also triandrous. 

triangle ('ang-gl), n. a plane figure 
bounded by 3 lines, and having 3 
angles; a frame of 3 halberds to 
which offenders against military dis- 
cipline were secured to be flogged; a 
musical instrument of steel in the 
form of a triangle, sounded by being 
struck with a rod. 

triangular (-ang'gu-lar), adj. hav- 
ing 3 angles; shaped like a triangle. 

tribal ('bal), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, a tribe. 

tri basic (-ba/sik), adj. noting an acid 
in which 3 equivalents of hydrogen 
have been replaced by a metal. 

tribrach (tri'brak), n. a poetic foot 

of 3 short syllables. 
tribulation (trib-u-la/shun), n. severe 

affliction; deep sorrow; acute trial. 
tribunal (tri-bu'nal), n. the seat of 

a judge; court of justice. 
tribune (trib'iin), n. an ancient Ro- 
man official elected by the people to 
safeguard their liberties; a bench or 
elevated place: raised stand or ros- 



trum from which speeches are deliv- 
ered. 

tributary (trib'ii-ta-ri), adj. paying 
tribute; yielding supplies; contrib- 
uting to make up a greater object of 
the same kind: n. a state or govern- 
ment which pays tribute to a supe- 
rior; a stream or river flowing into 
a larger one. 

tribute ('tit), n. an annual or stipu- 
lated sum of money, &c, paid by 
one state to another; personal con- 
tribution made in token of services 
rendered or acknowledgment due. 

trice (tris), n. an instant: v.t. to haul; 
hoist and secure with a small rope. 

tricentenary, same as tercentenary. 

triceps (tri'seps), n. the great three- 
headed extensor muscle of the arm. 

trichina (tri-ki'na), n. [pi. trichinae 
('ne) ], a nemotoid parasitic worm, 
which infests the muscles of swine 
and human beings. 

trichinosis (trik-i-no'sis), n. the dis- 
ease produced by the presence of 
trichinae in the muscles and intes- 
tines. Also trichiniasis. 

trichology (tri'kol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
entific study of the hair, especially 
for the cure of baldness. 

trichord (tri'kord), n. a three-stringed 
instrument; a piano having three 
strings to each key for the greater 
part of its compass. 

trichroism ('kro-izm), n. the prop- 
erty of certain crystals of transmit- 
ting various colors in three different 
directions. 

trickster ('ster), n. a cheat; deceiver. 

tricksy ('si), adj. full of tricks; pretty. 

tricktrack ('trak), n. an old game 
resembling backgammon. 

tricky ('i), adj. given to tricks; 
knavish; shifty; artful; cunning. 

triclinic (tri-klin'ik), adj. having 3 
unequal axes intersecting at oblique 
angles. 

triclinium (-klin'i-um), n. [pi. tri- 
clinia (-a) ], a couch, usually ac- 
commodating 3 persons for reclin- 
ing at meals; a dining-room fur- 
nished with couches on 3 sides. 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TRICOLOR 



727 



TRIPE 



tricolor Ckul-er), n. a national flag 
of 3 colors arranged in equal stripes. 

tricontahedral (-kon-ta-he'dral), adj. 
having 30 sides. 

tricuspid (tri-kus'pid), adj. three- 
pointed. 

tricycle (tri'si-kl), n. a three- wheeled 
modernized form of velocipede: v.i. 
to ride on a tricycle. 

trident ('dent), n. a scepter or spear 
with 3 prongs, especially the scepter 
of Neptune: hence sovereignty of 
the sea. 

tridentate (-den'tat), adj. having 3 
teeth or prongs. 

triennial (tri-en'i-al), aij, occurring 
in, or continuing for, three years. 

trier ('er), n. one who tries or makes 
experiments; a judge; test. 

trind ( r fid), adj. three-cleft. 

trifling ('fling), adj. of small value 
or importance. 

trifoliate (-fo'li-at), adj. three-leaved. 

triforium ('ri-um), ft. the open gal- 
lery or arcade above the arches of a 
church, separating the nave arches 
from the aisles. 

trifurcate (-fer'kat), adj. three- 
forked. 

trig (trig), adj. trim; n > t: v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. trigged, p.pr. trigging], to 
skid or stop (a wheel) : n. a skid. 

trigger ('er), n. a catch which, when 
pulled, releases the hammer of a 
gun. 

triglyph (tri'glif), ft. an ornament 
of the Doric frieze placed directly 
over each column and at equal dis- 
tances. 

trigonal (trig'o-nal), adj. three-cor- 
nered. 

trigonometry (-nom'e-tri), ft. the 
science of measuring the sides and 
angles of triangles, and ascertaining 
the relations between them by cer- 
tain parts which are given. 

trihedral (-he'dral), adj. having 3 
sides. 

trilateral (-lat'er-al), adj. three- 
sided. 

trilinear (-lin'e-ar), adj. three-lined. 

trilith ('lith), n. a monument formed 



by three stones, two upright and one 
across the others. Also trilithon. 

trill (tril), n. a shake or quaver of 
the voice: v.t. to sing with a quaver: 
v.i. to quaver. 

trillion (tril'yun), n. in the French 
system of numeration, followed in 
the United States, a unit with 12 
ciphers annexed; in the English sys- 
tem, a unit with 18 ciphers annexed. 

trilobite (tri'lo-bit), n. a fossil crus- 
tacean of the Palaeozoic period. 

trilogy (tril'o-ji), n. a series of three 
dramas each complete in itself, but 
forming one poetical and historical 
picture 

trimorphism (tri-mor'fizm), ft. the 
property of crystallizing in three 
forms; co-existence among individ- 
uals of the same species of 3 distinct 
forms, unconnected by intermediate 
gradations. 

Trinitarianism (-izm), ft. the doc- 
trine that there are three Persons in 
the Trinity. 

trinitrotoluol (tri-ni'tro-tcl'u-ol) , n. 
a modern explosive for shells, com- 
posed of nitric acid and toluol, used 
in the European war; abbreviated 
T. N. T. 

Trinity ('i-ti), ft. the union of the 
Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost 
in one Godhead : one God as to sub- 
stance, three Persons as to individ- 
uality. 

Trinity Sunday (sun'da), ft. the 
Sunday next after Whitsunday. 

trinket (tring'ket), ft. anything small 
and of little value; small ornament 
or jewel. 

trinomial (tri-no'mi-al), adj. con- 
sisting of 3 terms, connected by the 
sign X or — . 

trio (tre'o), ft. a set of 3; 3 united; 
composition for 3 voices or instru- 
ments. 

trional (tri'o-nal), ft, a crystalline 
product of coal tar used in medicine. 

tripartite (trip'ar-tit or tri-par'tit), 
adj. divided into 3 parts. 

tripe (trip), ft. the large stomach of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TRIPLANE 



728 



TROOP 



a ruminating animal prepared for 
food. 

triplane (trl'plan), n. an aeroplane 
of three planes or sustaining sur- 
faces, the lowest bearing the aviator. 

triple ('1), adj. threefold; consisting 
of 3 united; 3 times repeated. 

triple alliance (trip'l al-i'ans), n. 
originally the compact between 
Austria-Hungary, Germany, and It- 
aly, for defensive purposes; made 
dual alliance by the withdrawal of 
Italy at outbreak of the European 
war of 1914. 

triple entente (trip'l an-tant'), n. the 
alliance between Great Britain, 
France, and Russia, for defensive 
purposes. 

triplet ('let), n. 3 united: pi. 3 chil- 
dren at one birth. 

triplicate ('li-kat), adj. threefold. 

tripod (trl'pod), n. a three-legged 
stool or table; the seat supported by 
3 legs on which the pythoness sat 
when giving responses at the Del- 
phic oracle. 

tripoli (trip'o-li), n. an earthy sub- 
stance consisting of siliceous shells 
of diatoms. 

triptych ('tik), n. a writing-tablet in 
3 parts; a panel, usually an altar 
piece, consisting of 3 compartments, 
two of them folding over the middle 
one which is fixed. 

trireme (tri'rem), n. an ancient gal- 
ley with three banks of oars. 

trisect ion (-sek'shun), n. division 
into 3 parts, especially an angle into 
3 equal parts. 

trisyllable (tri-sil'a-bl), n. a word 
of three syllables. 

trite (trit), adj. worn out; stale. 

Tritheism (tri'the-izm), n. the doc- 
trine that the three Persons in the 
Trinity are three distinct Gods. 

Triton (tri'ton), n. one of the sea- 
gods of Greek mythology, son of 
Neptune and Venus. 

triturate (trit'u-rat), v.t. to rub, 
grind, or bruise to powder. 

triumph (trl'umf), n. a grand pro- 
cession in honor of a general who 



has gained a decisive victory; state 
of joy at success; victory; conquest: 
v.i. to rejoice over success; obtain a 
victory. 

triumphant ('fant), adj. rejoicing 
for victory; victorious. 

triumvirate ('vi-rat), n. a coalition 
of three men in office or authority. 

triune ('im), adj. 3 in one. 

trivalent (triv'a-lent), adj. capable 
of being combined with, or replaced 
by, 3 atoms of hydrogen. 

trivet ('et), n. a stand for holding a 
kettle, &c, near the fire. 

trivial ('i-al), adj. trifling; common- 
place. 

triviality (-al'i-ti), n. [pi. triviali- 
ties (-tiz) ], the state or quality of 
being trivial. 

trocha (trot'sha), n. a military high- 
road. 

trochee (tro'ke), n. a medicinal loz- 
enge. 

trochee Cke), n. a metrical foot of 2 
syllables: the first long, the second 
short. 

trochlear (trokle-ar), adj. pulley- 
like: said of certain muscles. 

troglodyte (trog'lo-dit), n. el cave 
dweller: said of certain tribes. 

Trojan (tro'jan), adj. pertaining to 
Troy. 

troll (trol), n. a giant or giantess of 
supernatural powers; sorceress; a 
kind of song; reel on a fishing-rod: 
v.t. to sing the parts of in succes- 
sion: v.i. to fish, as for pike, with a 
rod and line running on a reel. 

trolley ('i), n. a kind of truck; a 
grooved metal wheel traveling in 
contact with a live electric wire. 

trollop ('up), n. a slattern. 

trombone (trom'bon), n. a large 
brass instrument of the trumpet 
kind. 

tromometer (tro-mom'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for measuring earth tre- 
mors. 

troop (tr56p), n. a multitude; small 
body of cavalry, usually 60; soldiers 
collectively; company of performers: 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 



TROPE 



729 



TRUNCHEON 



crowds. goldsmiths and jewelers. 

trope (trop), n. a word or expression truancy (troo'an-si), n. playing tru- 

used in a sense different from its ant. 

usual signification; figurative word, truant ('ant), n. one who absents 
trophy ('fi), n. [pi. trophies ('fiz)J, himself from school without 



tropic 

sma 
situ; 

SS 

sun 



a memorial of a victory; memento. 

tropic (trop'ik), n. one of the two 
all circles of the celestial sphere, 
tuated at each side of the equator, 
a distance of 23° 28' and parallel 
it, within the limits of which the 
an moves in his yearly course; re- 
gion between the tropics. 

troth (troth), n. betrothal; fidelity. 

troubadour (troo'ba-door), n. one of 
a class of lyric poets who flourished 
in the south of France and north of 
Italy 11th- 13th centuries. 

trouble (trub'l), n. mental agitation, 
distress, or worry; fault or interrup- 
tion in the stratum of a mine: v.t. 
to agitate, distress, or worry; give 
occasion of labor to. 

trough (trof), n. a long, hollow ves- 
sel for holding a liquid, food, &c; 
anything hollowed out. 

trounce (trouns), v.t. to beat soundly. 

trouncing ('ing), n. a severe beating. 

troupe (troop), n. a company of per- 
formers. 

trousers (trou'zerz), n.pl. a garment 
worn by men and boys, from the 
waist to the ankles, and covering 
each leg separately. 

trousseau (troo-so'), n. [pi. trous- 
seaux (-soz')j, a bride's outfit. 

trout (trout), n. a fresh-water fish 
allied to the salmon, but smaller. 

trove (trov), n. that which is found 
unexpectedly; used generally with 
the word "treasure," as, "treasure 
trove." 

trover (tro'ver), n. the gaining pos- 
session of goods by finding or other 
means; an action at law for goods 
found and not delivered on demand. 

trow (trou), v.i. to believe; trust. 

trowel ('el), n. a flat, triangular tool 
used for spreading mortar; a gar- 
dener's tool. 

troyweight (troi'wat), n. a weight 



leave; 
one who idles away from duty or 
business; loiterer: adj. peri&ining 
to, or characteristic of a truant; 
idle. 

truce (troos), n. a temporary peace 
or cessation of hostilities; brief ces- 
sation. 

truck (truk), n. a wheeled vehicle for 
carrying goods; small wooden wheel; 
small wooden cap on the top of a 
flagstaff, &c; barter; garden vegeta- 
bles: v.t. to send by truck; peddle; 
hawk: v.i. to exchange commodities; 
barter; negotiate. 

Jruckle ('1), n. a small wheel or cas- 

Vter: v.t. trundle; move on rollers: 
v.i. to yield obsequiously to another's 
will. 

truculence ('ii-lens), n. ferocity. 

truculent ('ii-lent), adj. ferocious; 
of fierce aspect. 

trudge (truj), v.i. to travel on foot, 
especially with labor or fatigue. 

truffle (truf'l), n. a fleshy under- 
ground fungus much esteemed as a 
table delicacy. 

truism (troo'izm), n. a self-evident 
truth. 

trump (trump), n. a trumpet; a win- 
ning card; one of the suit of cards 
that takes any of the other suits; a 
genuine good fellow: v.t. to take 
with a trump card: v.i. to play a 
trump card. 

trumpery ('er-i), n. worthless finery; 
rubbish: adj. worthless; insignifi- 
cant. 

truncal (trung'kal), adj. pertaining 
to the trunk. 

truncate ('kat), adj. appearing as 
if cut off at the tip : v.t. (trung-kaf) 
to lop. 

truncheon (trun'chun), n. a short 
staff or cudgel; baton or staff of au- 
thority: v.t. to beat with a trun- 
cheon. 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; b66n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TRUNDLE 



730 



TUNABLE 






trundle ('dl), v.t. to roll along; roll, 
as on small wheels: n. a little wheel; 
truck. 

trunnion (trun'yun), n. one of the 
two bosses which project from the 
opposite sides of a cannon. 

truss (trus), n. a surgical apparatus 
for the relief of hernia; a bundle or 
package; timbers fastened together 
for the support of a roof; rope or 
iron for keeping the center of the 
lower yard to the mast; tuft of flow- 
ers formed at the top of the main 
stalk or stem of certain plants: v.t. 
to bind or pack close; seize and 
carry off; skewer; make fast. 

trusty ('i), adj. [comp. trustier, su- 
perl. trustiest], justly deserving con- 
fidence, faithful. 

truth (trooth), n. [pi. truths], agree- 
ment with reality; eternal principle 
of right, or law of order; veracity; 
fidelity; fact. 

try-sail ('sal), n. a sail set on the 
fore and main masts, rigged with a 
boom and gaff. 

tryst (trist), n. a rendezvous; place 
of meeting; appointment to meet; 
meeting in accordance .with appoint- 
ment. 

tsar, another form of czar. 

tsarina, same as czarina. 

tsetse fly (set'se-fli), n. an African fly 
with biting mandibles that transmit 
the germs of protozoal diseases, in- 
cluding sleeping-sickness. 

T-square (te'skwar), n. a draughts- 
man's ruler. 

tuber (tfi'ber), n. a thickened, round- 
ish, underground stem. 

tubercle (-kl), n. a small hard local 
tumor; little tuber. 

tuberculin (tu-ber'ku-lln), n. a fluid 
derived from several cultures of the 
bacillus of tuberculosis. 

tuberculosis (-lo'sis), n. a disease 
accompanied by the formation of 
small tubercles in the tissues. 

tuberous ('ber-us), adj. consisting 
of roundish fleshy tubers. 

tuberose ('ber-6s), n. an odoriferous 



plant with a tuberous root and lilia- 
ceous flowers. 

tubular ('bu-lar), adj. tube-shaped; 
consisting of a tube or tubes. 

tuck-a-hoe ('a-ho), n. a curious veg- 
etable production somewhat resem- 
bling the truffle; Indian bread. 

tucker ('er), n. ornamental frilling 
or article of dress for shading the 
bosom of a woman. 

Tuesday (tiiz'da), n. the 3rd day of 
the week. 

tufa (too'fa), n. friable volcanic rock 
or scoriae; soft or porous stone j 
formed by the deposition of carbon- 
ate of lime from water. Tuff. 

tuft-hunter (-hun'ter), n. one who 
courts the acquaintance of persons 
of rank. 

tuition (tu-ish r un), n. act or busi- 
ness of teaching; instruction; fee for 
instruction. 

tulip ('lip), n. a liliaceous plant with 
bell-shaped flowers. 

tulle (tool), n. a delicate silk lace or ' 
netting. 

tumbrel ('brel), n. a cart that may 
be tilted up; two-wheeled covered 
cart for conveying tools, ammuni- 
tion, &c, in a military train. Also 
tumbril. 

tumefy (tii'me-fi), v.t. to make to 
swell; v.i. to swell. 

tumid ('mid), adj. swollen; distended; 3 
bombastic; pompous. 

tumor ('mer), n. a morbid swelling j 
or enlargement of any part of the! 
body. 

tumult (tti'mult), n. the commotion 
of a number of people; noisy con- 
fusion; riot. 

tumultuous (-mul'tu-us), adj. char- 
acterized by, or full of, tumult; dis- 
orderly; agitated. 

tumulus ('mii-lus), n. [pi. tumuli 
(-li)], an artificial hillock raised 
over a grave. 

tun (tun), n. a large cask; measure 
of wine = 252 gallons; fermenting 
vat of a brewery. 

tunable (tun'a-bl), adj. capable of 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TUNDRA 



731 



TWIDDLE 



being tuned; harmonious; melodi- 
ous. 

tundra (toon'dra), n. a stretch of 
mossy, marshy, flat land in Northern 
Siberia. 

tunic (tu'nik), n. an undergarment 
worn by both sexes of the ancient 
Romans; loose kind of frock worn 
by women and boys; military coat; 
membrane covering some organ; cov- 
ering, as of a seed. 

tunicated ('ni-ka-ted), adj. covered 
with a membrane. 

tunicle (tun-i-kl), n. a small tunic; 
a close-fitting vestment worn by Ro- 
man Catholic bishops and sub-dea- 
cons. 

tunnel (tun'el), n. a vaulted under- 
ground passage cut through a hill or 
under a river; funnel; shaft of a 
chimney; net wide at the mouth and 
ending in a point: v.t. to form a 
tunnel through or under. 

Turanian (tu-ra'ni-an), adj. noting 
generally those languages and peo- 
ples not included in the Aryan and 
Semitic families. 

turban (ter'ban), n, the headdress 
worn by Orientals, consisting of a 
cap around which a sash is wrapped. 

turbary ('ba-ri), n. right of digging 
turf on the land of another; place 
where turf is dug. 

turbid ('bid), adj. muddy; thick. 

turbine ('bin), n. a wheel turning on 
a vertical axis and driven by steam 
or water. 

turbulence Cbu-lens), n. disorder; 
agitation. 

Turcophile ('ko-fil), n. a supporter 
of the Turks in their domination 
over the Slavonic Christians. Also 
Turcophil. 

tureen (tu-ren'), n. a deep table- ves- 
sel for holding soup. 

turfite ('it), n. one who makes his 
living by, or is devoted to, horse- 
racing. 

turgescence (-jes'ens), n. inflation. 

turgid Cjid), adj. distended beyond 
the natural size; inflated; bombastic. 



Turkish-bath (-bath), n. a hot air 
bath. 

turmeric (ter'mer-ik), n. the root- 
stock of an East Indian plant, yield- 
ing a yellow color used in dyeing. 

turmoil ('moil), n. harassing labor; 
worrying confusion; noise. 

turndun ('dun), n. a flat piece of 
wood shaped like a fish which ^hen 
whirled in the air makes a roaring 
noise: used by certain savage races. 

turner ('er), n. one who turns; one 
who turns articles in a lathe ; a kind 
of pigeon. 

turnkey ('ke), n. a prison warder. 

turnpike ('plk), n. a gate or bar to 
stop vehicles, and sometimes foot- 
passengers, &c, until toll is paid. 

turpentine ('pen-tin), n. the resin- 
ous or viscid juice of pine and fir 
trees. 

turpitude ('pi-tud), n. moral de- 
pravity. 

turquoise (ter'koiz), n. a precious 
stone. 

turret (tur'et), n. a small tower; 
cylindrical rotary iron tower on a 
man-of-war. 

Tuscan Order (tus'kan or'der), n. 
the most simple of the 5 orders of 
classic architecture. 

tussle ('1), n. a scuffle: v.i. to scuffle 
or struggle. 

tussock ('ok), n. a tuft, clump, or 
small hillock of grass; a species of 
tuffy grass, valuable for fodder. 
Also tussac. 

tutelage (tu'te-laj), n. guardianship. 

tutor ( ter), n. a teacher; guardian: 
v.t. to instruct; train or discipline. 

tuxedo (tuxs-e'do), n. a sack coat 
used in lieu of a full-dress coat on 
semi-formal occasions. 

tweed (twed), n. a soft, woolly cloth 
material. 

tweezers (twe'zers), n.pl. small pinch- 
ers for pulling out hairs. 

Twelfth Day (da), n. Epiphany. 

twelvemo (twelv'mo), n. duodecimo. 

twiddle (twid'l), v.t. to twirl in a 
light manner; touch lightly:- v.t. to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



TWILIGHT SLEEP 



732 TYRO 



move with a quivering motion: n. a 
twist of the fingers. 

twilight sleep (twi'lit slep), n. a con- 
dition of partial narcosis induced by 
the drugs morphine and scopolamin 
administereed according to a method 
devised at Freiburg and designed 
to make childbirth painless. 

twill (twil), n. an appearance of 
diagonal lines in textile fabrics; 
fabric woven with a twill: v.t. to 
weave, as a fabric, with diagonal 
lines. 

twinge (twinj), v.t. to affect with a 
sudden sharp pain; twitch: v.i. to 
suffer a twinge: n. a sudden sharp 
pain. 

twit (twit), v.t. [p.L & p.p. twitted 
p.pr. twitting], to annoy by remind- 
ing of a fault, &c; upbraid. 

twitch (twich), v.t. to pull with a 
sudden jerk: v.i. to contract or move 
quickly or spasmodically: n. a sud- 
den jerk or pull; short spasmodic 
convulsion. 

tyler, same as tiler. 

tympan (tim'pan), n. the parchment- 
covered frame on Which sheets are 
laid to be printed. 

tympanic (-pan'ik), adj. pertaining 
to a tympan or tympanum. Also 
tympanal. 

tympanum ('pa-num), n. the mem- 
branous wall which separates the in- 
ternal from the external ear; the 
drum of the ear; flat triangular part 
of a pediment; hollow drum-shaped 
wheel. 

type (tip), v.t. to typify; reproduce 
by a typewriter: n. an emblem, sign, 
or symbol; figure or design stamped 
on coin; distinguishing mark; gen- 
eral form or structure; original de- 
sign; a letter in metal or wood for 
printing from. Different sizes of 
printing types are indicated by dis- 
tinguishing names and by means of 
a unit of type measurement, which 
in the United States is one-twelfth 
of a pica. 



SIZES OF TYPE 

Brilliant = 3% point. 
Diamond = 4 point. 

Pearl = 5 point. 

Agate = 5X point. 

Nonpareil = 6 point. 

Minion = 7 point. 

Brevier = 8 point. 
Bourgeois = 9 point. 
Long Primer = 10 point. 
Small Pica = 11 point. 
Pica= 12 point 
English = 14 point 

Columbian =16 point. 

Gt. Primer=18 point 

type-metal ('met-al), n. an alloy of 
lead, antimony and tin for casting 
type. 

typhoid (ti'foid), adj. pertaining to, 
or like, typhus: n. an enteric fever 
occasioned by defective drains, &c. 

typhoon (-foon'), n. a violent torns-- 
do in the Chinese and Japanese 



typhus ('fus), n. a contagious fever 
often occurring as an epidemic. 

typical (tip'i-kal), adj. figurative. 

typify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. typified, 
p.pr. typifying], to represent by an 
image or emblem; foreshadow. 

typography (-pog'ra-fi), n. the art 
of printing. 

typogravure (tip / o-gra-vur / ), n. a 
half -toned photo-engraved block for 
simultaneous printing with printing 
with type matter. 

typothetae (ti-poth'e-ta), n. printers; 
typesetters. 

tyrannical (-ran'i-klll), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characteristic of, a tyrant; 
despotic; cruel. Also tyrannic. 

tyranny ( r an-i), the government or 
conduct of a tyrant; severity; 
absolute monarchy imperiously ad- 
ministered. 

tyrant (ti'rant), n. an oppressor; 
despot. 

tyro (tl'ro), n. a beginner; novice. 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b66n 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



u 



U, the twenty-first letter of the Eng- 
lish alphabet; a chemical symbol for 
uranium. 

ubiquitous (u-bik'wi-tus), adj. ex- 
isting everywhere; omnipresent. 

ubiquity ('wi-ti), n. omnipresence. 

udder (ud'der), n. the glandular or- 
gan of a mammal which secretes the 
milk. 

uhlan (u'lan), n. one of a light 
cavalry in the German army. 

ukase (-kas'), n. a Russian imperial 
decree having the force of a law. 

ukelele (u-ka-la-le), n. Hawaiian musi- 
cal instrument. 

ulcer (ul'ser), n. a sore, attended 
with a secretion of pus. 

ulceration (-a/shun), n. the process 
of forming into an ulcer. 

ulcerous ('ser-us), adj. ulcer-like. 

ulna ('na), n. the larger of the two 
bones that form the fore- arm. 

ulnar ('ner), adj. pertaining to the ulna. 

ulster (uTster), n. a long, loose over- 
coat of coarse cloth. 

ulterior (-te'ri-er), adj. lying beyond 
or on the further side; more distant; 
beyond something else either ex- 
pressed or implied. 

ultima ('ti-ma), n. the last syllable 
of a word. 

ultimatum (-ti-ma'tum), n. [pi. ulti- 
mata, ultimatums ('ta, 'tumz)J, 
final conditions offered as the basis 
of an agreement prior to the declara- 
tion of hostilities. 

ultimo ('ti-mo), adv. in the month 
preceding the present. 

ultra ('tra), adj. extreme. 



ultramontanism (-izm), n. extreme 
views of the Pope's authority and 
infallibility. 
ultra-violet rays (ul'tra-vi'6-let ras), 
n. the very short rays beyond the 
violet of the visible spectrum. These 
rays have strong actinic and bac- 
tericidal power and they are used in 
the treatment of superficial germ 
diseases. 
ululation (ul-u-la'shun), n. a howl- 
ing like a dog. 
umbel (um'bel), n. a fan-like inflo- 
rescence radiating from a common 
center. 
umbelliferous (-if'er-us), adj. pro- 
ducing or bearing umbels. Umbel- 
late, umbellated. 
umber ('ber), n. a brown pigment; 
the grayling: adj. of an olive-brown 
color. 
umbilical (-bil'i-kal), adj. pertaining 

to, or formed like, the navel. 
umbles ('biz), n.pl. a deer's entrails. 
umbo ('bo), n. the boss of a shield; 
point of a bivalve-shell immediately 
above the hinge. 
umbra ('bra), n. the dark cone of 
a shadow projected from a planet or 
satellite on the side opposite to the 
sun; the dark central part of a sun- 
spot. 
umbrage ('braj), n. screen of trees 

or foliage; offense. 
umbrageous (-bra' jus), adj. shady. 
umlaut (oomlout), n. the change of 
a vowel in one syllable through the 
influence of a vowel in the succeed- 
ing syllable. 



ultramarine (-ma-ren), n. a beauti- umpire (um'pir), n. a third party to 



ful, permanent, blue pigment, orig- 
inally obtained from lapis-lazuli. 



whom a dispute is referred for set- 
tlement; one chosen in a game to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hfift, hut; think, then. 

(733) 



UNABRIDGED 



734 UNEARNED INCREMENT 



see that its rules are observed: v.i. 
to act as umpire. 

unabridged (un-a-brij'd), adj. not 
shortened or condensed; in size 
like the original form. 

unanimity (u-na-nim'i-ti), n. agree- 
ment in opinion. 

unanimous (-nan'i-mus), adj. agree- 
ing in opinion. 

unassuming (un-a-sum'ing), adj. 
without pretense; modest. 

unbecoming (un-be-kum'ing), adj. 
ill-suited; not worthy of; not be- 
coming. 

unbiased (un-bi'ast), adj. unpreju- 
diced; not favoring either side or 
party, or opinion. 

unbosom (un-booz'um), v.t. to confess; 
to tell one's secrets. 

uncanny (-kan'i), adj. weird; mys- 
terious; dangerous; unpropitious 
[Scotch]. 

unchaste (un-chasf), adj. immodest; 
not chaste. 

uncompromising (un-kom'pro-mi- 
zing), adj. unyielding; firm. 

unconscionable (un-kon'shun-a-bl) , 
adj. out of all reason or expectation. 

unconscious (un-kon'shus), adj. 
without consciousness. 

unconstitutional (un -kon - sti - tu' - 
shun-al), adj. in conflict with a 
constitution ; unlawful . 

unconventional (un-kon-ven 'shun- 
al), adj. not according to form or 
. custom. 

uncouple (un-kup'l), v.t. to loosen the 
bonds or links; to disconnect. 

uncouth (un-kooth'), adj. clumsy; 
awkward in appearance or behavior. 

unction (ungk'shun), n. the act of 
anointing as a symbol of consecra- 
tion; ointment; anything soothing; 
sham fervor or suavity. 

unctuous ('shus), adj. oily; sooth- 
ing; lenitive; extremely bland. 

undaunted (un-dan'ted), adj. bold; 
fearless; unafraid. 

undecagon (un-dek'a-gon), n. a plane 
figure with 11 sides or 11 angles. 

undeceive (un-de-sev'), v.t. to tell 
the truth about; to remove deception. 



undecennary (un-de-sen'a-ri), adj. 
once in eleven years; occurring every 
eleventh year. 

undemonstrative (un-de-mon'-stra- 
tiv), adj. not showing one's feelings; 
phlegmatic. 

undergraduate (-grad'u-at), n. a 
member of a university who has not 
taken his first degree. 

understudy (un'der-stud-i), n. an 
actor who learns a part to be played 
by him in the absence or disability 
of another actor. 

undertake (-tak'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
undertook, p.pr. undertaking], to 
take under one's management; as- 
sume; attempt; answer for: v.i. to 
take upon one's self; guarantee. 

undertaker ('der-tak-er), n. one who 
undertakes to perform any office or 
business; one who manages funer- 
als. 

undertow (un'der-to), n. a current 
under the surface flowing in opposite 
direction to the surface current or 
tide. 

underwrite (-rit'), v.t. [p.t. under- 
wrote, p.p. underwritten, p.pr. un- 
derwriting], to subscribe one's name 
to (a policy of marine insurance): 
v.i. to follow the calling of an un- 
derwriter. 

undesirable (un-de-zi'ra-bl), adj. not 
to be desired. 

undignified (un-dig'ni-fld), adj. with- 
out dignity. 

undine (un-den'), n. a water-nymph. 

undue (un-du'), adj. improper; ex- 
cessive; not legal. 

undulate ('du-lat), v.t. & v.i. to 
wave, or move like waves; vibrate. 

undulation (-la/shun), n. a waving 
motion or vibration. 

undulatory theory (the'o-ri), n. the 
theory that light is -caused by vibra- 
tions transmitted through an ethe- 
real medium in wave-like undula- 
tions. 

unduly (1i), adv. excessively; im- 
properly. 

unearned increment (-ernd' incre- 
ment), n. the increase of the value 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



I 



UNEARTH 



735 



UNIMPEACHABLE 



of land or property without labor or 
expenditure on the part of the pro- 
prietor. 

unearth (un-erth'), v.t. to drive from 
cover; to dig out. 

unearthly (un-erthli), adj. inhu- 
man; blood-curdling. 

uneclipsed (un-e-klipsf), adj. not 
eclipsed; inobscured. 

unedifying (un-ed'i-fi-ing), adj. not 
edifying; not enlightening, 

uneffaced (un-ef-fasf), adj. not ef- 
faced; not rubbed out or removed. 

unemancipated (un-e-man'ci-pa-ted) , 
adj. not freed from slavery. 

unendowed (un-en-doud'), adj. with- 
out endowment; not supplied with. 

unenervated (un-en'er-va-ted), adj. 
not weakened. 

unenlightened (un-en-llt'nd), adj. 
not enlightened; left in ignorance. 

unenterprising (un-en'ter-prlz-ing) , 
adj. not enterprising; not industri- 
ous; not ambitious. 

unenumerated (un-e-nu'mer-a-ted), 
adj. omitted from list; not num- 
bered or mentioned. 

unequivocal (un-e-kwiv'o-kal), adj. 
clear; not ambiguous; unmistak- 
able. 

unessential (un-es-sen'shal), adj. not 
entirely necessary; not of greatest 
importance. 

unexaggerated (un-egz-aj 'er-a-ted) , 
adj. not overdrawn in statement. 

unfathomable (un-fath'um-a-bl), adj. 
not to be measured in depth. 

unfavorable (un-fa/ver-a-bl), adj. 
not favorable; of discouraging as- 
pect, i 

unfeatured (un-fe'turd), adj. with- 
out feature; without special notice. 

unfeigned (un-fand'), adj. genuine; 
not feigned. 

.infertile (un-fer'til), adj. not fertile; 
not productive. 

unfetter (un-fet'er), v.t. to loosen 
from shackles; to free; to place 
at liberty. 

unfilial (un-fil'yal), adj. undutiful to 
a parent. 



unflagging (un-flag'ing), adj. not 

drooping; unwearied. 
unflinching (un-flinsh'ing), adj. not 

flinching ; unshrinking . 
unfordable (un-ford'a-bl), adj. not 
fordable; that which cannot be 

waded. 
unfrock (un-frok'), v.t. to undress; 

to remove the orders of a priest. 
ungainly (un-gan'li), adj. clumsy or 

awkward in appearance or action. 
ungird (un-gerd'), v.t. to loosen from 

a belt or girdle. 
ungirt (un-gerf), adj. unbelted. 
unglaze (un-glaz'), v.t. to remove the 

glass from frame or pane. 
ungrudged (un-grujd'), adj. not 

grudged; willingly yielded. 
ungual (ung'gwal),^ adj. pertaining 

to, or having, a nail, claw, or hoof. 
unguent ('gwent), n. an ointment; 

lubricating substance. 
ungulate ('gu-lat), adj. hoof -shaped. 
uni, a prefix, meaning one, or -produc- 
ing one, as wmcellular: adj. formed 

of one cell. 
unicorn (u'ni-korn), n. a fabled ani- 
mal resembling a horse, but with a 

straight horn projecting from the 

forehead. 
unicycle (u-ni-si'kl), n. a vehicle with 

but one wheel, usually used by trick 

performers. 
uniform ('ni-form), adj. having only 

one form; consistent with itself; 

same in form, manner, or character; 

equable: n. an official or regulation 

dress. 
uniformity ('i-ti), n. resemblance; 

conformity to one pattern; accord. 
unify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. unified, 

p.pr. unifying], to form into one; 

make a unit of. 
unilateral (-lat'er-al), adj. one-sided. 
unilocular (-lok'u-ler), adj. one- 
celled. 
unimaginable (un-i-maj'i-na-bl), adj- 

not conceivable. 
unimpassioned (un-im-pash 'und) , 

adj. without passion; cold in delivery 

or demeanor. 
unimpeachable (un-im-pech'a-bl), 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon> 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



UNINURED 



736 



UNSEEMLY 






adj. not impeachable; free from accu- 
sation or blame. 

uninured (un-in-tird'), adj. not inured ; 
not accustomed by wont or practice . 

uninvested (un-in-vest'ed), adj. not 
invested; not exchanged for income- 
bearing property. 

union (un'yun), n. the act of uniting, 
or making one; combination; coali- 
tion; concord; conjunction; agree- 
ment between parts; harmony in 
color; trades-union. 

union- jack (-jak), ft. the national 
flag of Great Britain and Ireland. 

uniped (u'ni-ped), adj. one-footed. 

unique (-nek'), adj. without another 
of the same kind; unparalleled. 

unison ('ni-sun)., ft. accordance of 
sound; concord; harmony. 

unit ('nit), n. one; a single person or 
thing; standard amount or quantity. 

Unitarian (-ni-ta/ri-an), ft. one who 
denies the doctrine of the Holy 

t Trinity, regarding the Godhead as 
uni-personal : adj. pertaining to Uni- 
tarians. 

Unitarianism (-izm), ft. the doc- 
trines of the Unitarians. 

unite (-nit'), v.t. to incorporate into 
one; make to agree or adhere; join 
by a legal or moral bond: v.i. to be- 
come one; combine; commingle. 

United Brethren ('ed-bre^'ren), 
n.pl. the Moravians. 

unity ('ni-ti), ft. the state of being 
one; concord; uniformity; agree- 
ment; harmony. 

universal (-ni-ver'sal), adj. all-per- 
vading; embracing or comprehend- 
ing the whole; general: n. in logic, 
- a proposition which affirms the pred- 
icate to belong to the whole of the 
subject. 

Universalis^ (-izm), ft. the doctrine 
that all mankind will ultimately be 
saved, together with Satan and the 
fallen angels. 

Universalist (-ist), ft. a believer in 
Universal ism. 

universe ('ni-vers), ft. the whole sys- 
tem of created things; world. 

university (-ver'si-ti), n. [pi. uni- 



versities (-tiz) J, an assemblage of 
colleges or incorporated institutions 
for instruction in the higher branches 
of art, science, &c, and empowered 
to confer degrees in the several arts 
and faculties. 

unkempt (un-kempf), adj. un-l] 
combed; rough. 

unmanageable (un-man'aj-a-bl),ad;. i 
beyond control. 

unmitigated (un-mit'i-ga-ted), adj. 
unabated. 

unobtrusive (un-ob-troo'siv), adj. not 
obtrusive; modest. 

unparalleled (un-par'a-leld), adj. 
without parallel; unrivalled. 

unprecedented (un-pre'se-den-ted), 
adj. without precedent. 

unpremeditated (un-pre-med'i-ta- 
ted), adj. not arranged or thought of j 
beforehand. 

unpretentious (un-pre-ten'-shus), 
adj. without pretense; modest in 
action or demeanor. 

unprofessional (un-pr5-fesh'un-al), 
adj. not according to the ethics of a 
profession. 

unpropitious (un-pro-pish'us), adj. 
not propitious ; unfavorable. 

unquenchable (un-kwen'sha-bl), adj. 
that which cannot be subdued or ex- j 
tinguished. 

unregenerate (un-re-jen'er-at), adj. 
not born anew; unconverted. 

unruffled (un-ruf'ld), adj. not ruffled; 
reserved. 

unruly (-ru'li), adj. disregarding re- 
straint or authority; ungovernable; 
turbulent. 

unsavory (un-sa'vor-i), adj. displeas- 4 
ing to the taste or smell. 

unscathed (un-skathd'), adj. unin- 
jured; without harm. 

unscrupulous (un-skroo'pu-lus), adj. } 
without principle or scruple. 

unseal (un-sel'), v.t. to remove or 
destroy the seal of; to open that 
which is sealed by destroying the 
seal. 

unseemly (un-sem'li), adj. not seem- 
ly; unbecoming. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



UNSEX 



737 



USUAL 



unsex (-seks'), v.t. to deprive of the 
characteristic qualities of a woman. 

unsophisticated (un-so-fis'ti-ka-ted) , 
adj. untrained; without experience; 
innocent. 

unstable (un-sta'bl), adj. not firm; 
not reliable. 

unsuitable (un-sii'ta-bl), adj. not 
suited to; inadequate. 

untarnished (un-tar'nisht), adj. not 
dulled or tarnished. 

untenable (un-ten'a-bl), adj. not 
tenable; incapable of defense. 

untoward (un-to'erd), adj. obstin- 
ate; ungraceful; unlucky. 

untutored (un-tu'terd), adj. un- 
taught; ignorant. 

unwieldy (un-wel'di), adj. difficult to 
move; awkward. 

unwitting (un-wit'ing), adj. not 
-aware; without knowledge of. 

unwonted (un-wun'ted), adj. not 
common; strange; unaccustomed. 

upas (ii'pas), n. a tree, common in 
Java, with a poisonous juice. 

upbraid (up-brad'), v.t. to reproach. 

upholster (-hol'ster), v.t. to supply 
with house-furnishings. 

upholstery ('ter-i), n. the business 
of an upholsterer; articles of housed 
furnishing. 

upland-cotton ('land-kot-un), n. 
cotton with a short fiber. 

uppish ('ish), adj. arrogant; assum- 
ing. 

uproarious ('i-us), adj. making great 
noise and tumult. 

uraemia, same as uremia. 

uranography (-ra-nog'ra-fi), n. a 
description of the heavens, and the 
character and relation of the fixed 
stars; the construction of celestial 
maps, globes, &c. 

urate ('rat), n. a salt of uric acid. 

urban (er'ban), adj. pertaining to a 
city or town. 

urbane (-ban'), adj. polite; refined. 

urbanity (-ban'i-ti), n. politeness; 
refinement. 

urceolate (er'se-o-lat), adj. urn- 



urchin ('chin), n. a small boy; hedge- 
hog. 

urea (ti're-a), n. the chief solid con- 
stituent of the urine of mammals. 

uremia (u-re'mi-a), n. poisoning of 
the blood by the presence of urea 
and other hurtful substances. 

urgency ('en-si), n. pressure of ne- 
cessity; importunity. 

uric acid (as'id), n. a peculiar and 
characteristic substance found in 
urine. 

urim ('rim), n.pl. a mystic ornament 
worn by the Jewish high priest, con- 
stituting, with the thummim, the 
oracle by which Jehovah declared 
his will. 

urinal ('ri-nal), n. a place of conven- 
ience. 

urinary ('ri-na-ri), adj. pertaining to, 
or like urine. 

urine ('rin), n. the excretion from 
the kidneys. 

urinoscopy (u'ri-no-sko-pi), n. the 
diagnosis of disease by examination 
of the patient's urine. 

urn (ern), n. a roundish vessel of va- 
rious materials bulging in the middle, 
usually with a foot or pedestal; a 
vessel in which the ashes of the dead 
are preserved. 

urasol (u'ra-sol), n. common name of 
a specific for rheumatism, composed 
of salicylic acid, acetic acid, and 
formaldehyde. 

ursiform (er'si-form), adj. bear-like. 

ursine ('sin), adj. pertaining to, or 
resembling, a bear. 

usable (tiz'a-bl), adj. that can be 
used. 

usage ('aj), n. mode of using; treat- 
ment; habitual or long continued 
use or custom. 

usance ('ans), n. the time fixed for 
the payment of a bill of exchange. 

usher (ush'er),'n. a doorkeeper; an 
officer who introduces strangers or 
walks before persons of rank; as- 
sistant master: v.t. to introduce or 
escort (with in or forth). 

usual (u'zhu-al), adj. habitual; cus- 
tomary. 



Bte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



USUFRUCT 



738 



UXORIOUS 



usufruct ('zu-frukt), n. the tempo- 
rary use and enjoyment of lands and 
tenements belonging to another. 

usurer ('zhur-er), n. one who lends 
money at an exorbitant rate of in- 
terest. 

usurious (-zhoo'ri-us), adj. practic- 
ing usury. 

usurp (-zerpO, v.t. to take possession 
of by force, or without right ; applied 
to seizure and use of office, functions, 
powers,, rights, &c. 

usurpation (-zer-pa/shun), n. the act 
of usurping, especially the unlawful 
seizure of regal power. 

usurper (-zerp'er), n. one who usurps. 

usury ('zhu-ri), n. interest on money 
beyond the current rate of interest; 
practice of lending money at exorbi- 
tant interest. 

utensil (-ten'sil), n. an implement, 
especially one used for domestic or 
culinary purposes. 

uterine ('ter-in), adj. pertaining to 
the womb ; born of the same mother, 
but by a different father. 

uterus ('ter-us), n. the worn 

utilitarian .(-til-i-ta/ri-an), adj^ per- 
taining to, or aiming at, utility: n. 
one who holds the doctrine of utili- 
tarianism. 

utilitarianism (-izm), n. the doc- 
trine that virtue is defined and en- 
forced by its tendency to promote 
the highest happiness of mankind. 



utility (-til'i-ti), n. usefulness; in- 
trinsic value. 

utilize ('til-iz), v.t. to make useful or 
profitable. 

utmost (ut'most), adj. in the greatest 
degree; most distant; furthest; ex- 
treme : n. the extreme limit or extent. 

Utopian (u-to'pi-an), n. pertaining 
to the imaginary island, described by 
Sir Thomas More in his "Utopia," 
where the most perfect system of 
laws and institutions existed: hence 
ideal; visionary. 

Utopianism (-izm), n. ideal schemes 
for social happiness or perfection. 

utter (ut'er), adj. entire; absolute; 

N unqualified; total: v.t. to speak; pro- 
nounce; publish abroad; circulate, 
especially counterfeit coins or notes. 

utterance (-ans), n. vocal expression; 
speech; style of speaking. 

uttermost ('er-most), adj. extreme; in 
the furthest, greatest, or highest de- 
gree : n. the furthest extent or degree. 

uvula (Vu-la), n. the fleshy, conical 
body, attached to the soft palate, 
hanging at the back part of the 
tongue. 

uvulitis (ti-vu-li'tis), n. inflammation 
of the uvula or soft palate. 

uvulotomy (u-vu-lot r o-mi), n. the 
operation of removing the uvula 
wholly or in part. 

uxorious (uk-so'ri-us), adj. foolishly 
or excessively fond of a wife 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



V 



V, the twenty-second letter of the Eng- 
lish alphabet; the chemical symbol 
for vanadium. 

vacancy (va/kan-si), n. [pi. vacan- 
cies (-siz) 1, state of being vacant or 
empty; listlessness; unoccupied of- 
fice; open or unoccupied space. 

vacant Ckant), adj. empty; free from 
thought or reflection; not occupied. 

vacate ('kat), v.t. to make vacant; 
annul; give up the possession of. 

vacation (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
vacating; intermission of a stated 
employment, or judicial proceed- 
ings; school holidays. 

vaccinal (vak'si-nal), adj. pertaining 
to vaccine or vaccination. 

vaccinate ('si-nat), v.t. to inoculate 
with vaccine matter as a protection 
against smallpox. 

vaccination (-na'shun), n. act of 
vaccinating. 

vaccinator ('si-na-ter), n'. one who 
vaccinates. 

vaccine ('sin), adj. pertaining to, or 
obtained from cows; caused by the 
cowpox: n. a liquid taken from the 
udder of a cow affected with cow- 
pox; a therapeutic virus prepared by 
cultivating disease-germs and then 
killing them with heat: the method 
is largely due to Sir Almorth Wright, 
and his anti-typhoid vaccine is a 
typical example. 

vaccinetherapy (vak'sin-ther'a-pi) , 
n. the treatment of disease for pre- 
vention or cure by the modern vac- 
cine method. 

vacillate (vas'il-at), v.i. to fluctuate in 
mind or opinion; be unsteady; waver. 

vacillation (-a/shun), n. fluctuation 
of mind: unsteadiness. 



vacuity (va-ku'i-ti), n. emptiness; 
vacant state of mind or expression. 

vacuole (vak'ti-ol), n. a small cell or 
cavity in the interior of organic cells 
or protoplasm. 

vacuous ('us), adj. empty; vacant. 

vacuum ('u-um), n. a space devoid 
of all matter; void. 

vade mecum (va'de me'kum), L. go 
with me. 

vagabond (vag'a-bond), adj. without 
fixed habitation; roaming; idle: n. 
a vagrant; scamp. 

vagary (va-ga'ri), n. [pi. vagaries 
('riz) ], a wild freak; whim. 

vagina (-ji'na), n. the canal which 
leads from the external orifice to the 
uterus; sheath. 

vaginal (vaj'i-nal), adj. pertaining 
to, or like, a vagina or sheath. 

vaginate ('i-nat), adj. invested with 
a sheath.. 

vagrancy (va'gran-si), n. a state of 
wandering without a settled home; 
habits and life of a vagrant. 

vagrant ('grant), adj. wandering 
from place to place without a settled 
home: n. a tramp. 

vague (vag), adj. indefinite; unset- 
tled. 

vails (valz), n.pl. gratuities given to 
servants. 

vain (van), adj. [comp. vainer, su- 
perl. vainest], empty; unreal; de- 
ceitful; producing no good results; 
conceited ; ostentatious. 

valance (val'ans), n. hanging dra- 
pery for a bed, window, &c. 

vale (val), n. a tract of low land be- 
tween hills; valley. 

valedictory (-dik't5'ri), adj. bidding 
farewell. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(739) 



VALENCE 



740 



VANITY 



valence (va'lens), n. the degree of 
combining power of an atom. 

Valenciennes (va-len-si-enz'), n. a 

■ rich kind of lace. 

valentia (-len'shi-a), n. a waistcoat 
material. Also Valencia. 

valentine (varen-tln), n. a sweet- 
heart chosen on St. Valentine's day; 
love missive sent on February 14th. 

valerian (va-le'ri-an), n. a plant of 
the genus Valeriana, with a valua- 
ble medicinal root. 

valet (val'a), n. a servant who at- 
tends on a gentleman's person: v.t. 
to act as valet to. 

valetudinarian (-e-tii-di-na/ri-an), 
adj. sickly; seeking to recover 
health: n. an invalid. 

Valhalla (-hal'a), n. in Scandina- 
vian mythology, the palace of immor- 
tality, in which the souls of heroes 
slain in battle dwell. 

valiant ('yant), adj. brave; heroic. 

valid ('id), adj. having legal force; 
not weak or defective; sound; well- 
grounded. 

validity (va-lid'i-ti), n. legal force; 
soundness; strength; justness. 

valise (va-les'), n. small portman- 
teau. 

vallation (-la/shun), n. a rampart. 

valley (val'i), n. [pi. valleys (lz) ], a 
tract of land situated between ranges 
of hills or mountains, usually trav- 
ersed by a river. 

valor (val'er), n. bravery; intrepid- 
ity. 

valorous ('er-us), adj. brave; in- 
trepid. 

valuable ('Q-a-bl), adj. possessing 
useful qualities; having value or 
worth; costly: n. a thing or posses- 
sion of value. 

valuate (val'u-at), v.t. to appraise as 
to value. 

valuation (-u-a'shun) r n. the act of 
valuing; estimated worth or price; 
estimation. 

value ('u), n. that which renders 
anything useful or estimable; pricef 
importance; excellence: v.t. to esti- 



mate the worth of; appraise; es- 
teem. 

valve (valv), n. a lid or cover open- 
ing in one direction and shutting in 
.another; one of the divisions of a 
shell. 

vamose (va-mos'), v.i. to decamp. 

vamp (vamp), n. the upper leather of 
a boot or shoe; a piece added to 
something old to give it a new ap- 
pearance; an improvised accom- 
paniment: v.t. to furnish with an 
upper leather; patch (With, up) \ im- 
provise an accompaniment to. 

vampire (vam'pir), n. a fabled de- 
mon or ghost that sucks the blood of 
persons asleep; a kind of bat. 

van (van), n. the front of an army or 
fleet; a large covered wagon for 
moving household goods, &c. 

vanadium steel (van-ad'i-um-stel), 
n. a kind of steel in which the metal 
vanadium takes the place of carbon 
wholly or in part. 

Vandal (van'dal), n. one of a Teu- 
tonic race inhabiting the south 
shores of the Baltic, noted for their 
fierceness and destruction of works 
of art, when plundering Rome, 5th 
century. 

vandal (van'dal), n. one who is hos- 
tile to art or literature; one who 
ruthlessly destroys what is artistic 
or venerable. 

vandalism (-izm), n. hostility to 
works of art or literature; wanton 
destruction of what is artistic, &c. 

vane (van), n. a weather-cock. 

vang (vang), n. a rope for steadying 
the extremity of the peak of a gaff 
to the side of a ship. 

vanessa (va-nes'sa), n. one of a spe- 
cies of handsome butterflies. 

vanguard (van'gard), n. the advance 
guard of an army. 

vanilla (va-nil'a), n. the dried fruit 
of an orchid, used for flavoring. 

vanish (van'ish), v.i. to disappear. 

vanity ('i-ti), n. [pi. vanities (-tiz) ], 
love of indiscriminate admiration; 
empty pride or conceit; fruitless de- 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



VANQUISH 



741 



VASSAL 



sire or endeavor; idle show; empti- 
ness. 

vanquish (vang'kwish), v.t. to con- 
quer; subdue; refute in argument. 

vantage ('taj), n. advantage; in lawn 
tennis, the first point after deuce. 

vapid (vap'id), adj. dull; insipid. 

vapidity (va-pid'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being vapid. 

vapor (va/per), n. the gas into which 
most liquids and solids are converted 
by heat; steam; mist; whim: pi. 
hysteria; melancholia: v.i. to pass 
off in vapor; bully. 

vapor-dust (va/por-dust), n. infini- 
tesimal globules of water in the air 
not visible as a fog or haze. 

vaporize (va/per-iz), v.t. to convert 
nto vapor. 

vapor- jacket (va/por-jak'et), n. a 
glass jacket about the bulb of a gas 
thermometer for testing the prop- 
erties of liquids at definite tempera- 
tures. 

vaporous ('per-us), adj. full of, or 
like, vapor; unreal. 

vapory (-i), adj. full of vapors. 

vaquero (va-ka'ro), n. a herdsman 
[Mexican]. 

variability (va-ri-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being variable; 
changeableness. Also variableness. 

variable ('ri-a-bl), adj. changeable; 
inconstant; fickle. 

variance ('ri-ans), n. difference; quarrel. 

variant ('ri-ant), adj. variable; dif- 
ferent: n. a different form of sub- 
stantially the same thing. 

variate ('ri-at), v.t. to diversify. 

variation (-ri-a'shun), n. partia- 
change; difference; inflection; devi- 
ation of the magnetic needle from 
the true north; tendency in organt 
isms produced by the same parenls 
to vary slightly. 

varicella (var-i-sel'a), n. chicken- 
pox. 

varicocele ('i-ko-sel), n. a swelling 
of the veins of the scrotum or of the 
spermatic cord. 

varicose ('i-kos), adj. abnormally 
swollen or enlarged: said of veins. 



varied (va/rid), adj. altered; partial- 
ly changed; various. 

variegate (va/ri-e-gat), v.t. to mark 
with different colors or tints; di- 
versify. 

variegation (-ga/shun), n. diversity 
of colors. 

variety (-rl'e-ti), n. [pi. varieties 
(-tiz) ],' intermixture or succession 
of different things; variation; di- 
versity; change; subdivision or pe- 
culiar form of a species. 

variola (va-ri'o-la), n. smallpox. 

variorum (va-ri-o'rum), adj. noting 
an edition of a book with the notes 
of various commentators. 

various ('ri-us), adj. different; sev- 
eral. 

varix ('riks), n. dilatation of a vein. 

varlet (var'let), n. formerly a serv- 
ant, footman or page; a scoundrej. 

varnish ('nish), n. a viscid, resinous 
liquid used for giving a gloss to 
wood or metal work: v.t. to cover 
with varnish; give a gloss to or 
over; .palliate. 

varus (va/rus), n. a variety of club- 
foot. 

vascular (vasTm-ler), adj. consisting 
of, or containing, vessels as part of a 
structure of animal and vegetable 
organisms. 

vase (vas or vaz), n. a vessel for va- 
rious purposes, especially one of an- 
tique or ornamental pattern. 

vasectomize (va-sek'to-miz), v.t. to 
render sterile by an operation that 
does not involve castration. 

vasectomy (va-sek'to-mi), n. excision 
of the sperm duct to produce ster- 
ility, an operation sometimes per- 
formed on habitual criminals or de- 
fectives to prevent them from 
breeding. 

vaseline (vas'e-lin), n. petroleum jelly. 

vasoconstriction (vas'o-kon-strik' 
shon), n. contraction of the blood 



vasodilation (vas'o-dil-a-ta'shon), n. 

dilatation of the blood vessels. 
vassal ('al), n. a feudal tenant; 

bondman: adj. servile. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



VASSALAGE 



742 



VEND 



vassalage (-aj), n. the state of being 
a vassal; political servitude; vassals 
collectively; territory held in vassal- 
age. Also vassalry. 

vast (vast), adj. of great extent; 
great in number or degree; very spa- 
cious; immense: n. boundless space; 
empty waste; sea. 

vat (vat), n. a large tub or vessel, es- 
pecially one used for brewing or 
leather making. 

Vatican ('i-kan), n. the palace of 
the Pope at Rome; the Papal au- 
thority. 

vaudeville (vod'vil), n. a light, gay, 
or topical song; a short drama with 
comic songs; miscellaneous theatri- 
cals. 

vault (vawlt), n. an arched roof; cel- 
lar; prison; cavern; tomb of ma- 
sonry; sky; leap: v.t. to shape as a 
vault; arch: v.i. to leap, spring, or 
bound; exhibit feats of leaping. 

vaunt (vant or vawnt), v.i. to boast: 
v.t. to brag of; display boastfully: 
n. a boast; vain display. 

vauntlay ('la), n. hounds suddenly 
turned off to precede the rest of the 
kennel. 

Veadar (ve'a-dar), n. the 13th or 
intercalary month of the Jewish 
calendar. 

veal (vel), n. calf's flesh. 

vector (vek'ter), n. a directive quan- 
tity, as a straight line, force, or 
velocity. 

Veda (va'da), n. [pi. vedas ('daz) ], 
one of the four oldest sacred books 
or collection of hymns of the Hin- 
dus, of great antiquity, the basis of 
Brahmanism. 

Vedanta (-dan'ta), n. a Hindu sys- 
tem of philosophy based on the Vedas. 

vedette (ve-def), n. a mounted senti- 
nel. Also vidette. 

veer (ver), v.i. to change direction, as 
the wind; wear: v.t. to turn; direct 
to a different course. 

vegetarian (-ta'ri-an), n. one who 
abstains from a meat diet and lives 
on fruit, vegetables, or farinaceous 



food: adj. pertaining to vegetarians 
or vegetarianism. 

vegetation (-ta'shun), n. plants or 
vegetables collectively. 

vegetative ('e-ta-tiv), adj. growing 
or having the power of growing, as 
plants. 

vehemence (ve'he-mens), n. impetu- 
osity; violent ardor; animated fer- 
vor. Also vehemency. 

vehicle (ve'hi-M), n. any kind of 
carriage or conveyance; a medium. 

vehicular (-hik'u-lar), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or serving as, a vehicle. 

veinous ('us), adj. full of or pro- 
vided with veins. 

velarium (ve-la'ri-um), n. the great 
awning stretched over open theaters 
in ancient Rome. Also velum. 

veldt (velt), n. open country [South 
Africa]. Also veld. 

vellum (vel'um), n. fine parchment. 

velocipede (ve-los'i-ped), n. a light 
carriage propelled by the feet: the 
original form of the bicycle. 

velocity ('i-ti), n. [pi. velocities 
(-tiz) ], speed; rate of movement of 
a body. 

velodrome (vel'o-drom), n. a race- 
course, usually for bicycles; also 
a hollow cone in which to exhibit 
feats of bicycle riding. 

velograph (vel'o-graf), n. a speedom- 
eter that also records the number 
and duration of stops of the vehicle. 

veloure (vel-oor'), n. a dress fabric 
similar to plush, but with shorter nap. 

veloute (ve-loo'ta), n. a rich white 
sauce. 

velutinous (-lu'ti-nus), adj. velvety; 
soft. 

velveteen (-en'), n. imitation velvet. 

venal (ve'nal), adj. that may be 
bought, or bribed; mercenary; of or 
pertaining to the veins. 

venality (-nal'i-ti), n. prostitution of 
talents or services for money or re- 
ward. 

venation (ve-na'shun), n. the ar- 
rangement of veins in a leaf, or in- 
sect's wing. 

vend (vend), v.t. to sell; offer for sale. 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; b56n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



VENDACE 



743 



VERBENA 



vendace (ven'das), n. a small sal- 
monoid fish. 

vendee (-de 7 ), n. the buyer. 

Vendemiaire (vang-de-mi-ar'), n. a 
month in the calendar of the French 
Revolution, covering a period from 
September 22 to October 31. 

vendetta (ven-det'a), n. a kind of 
blood-feud. 

vendible (ven'di-bl), adj. salable. 

vendor ('der), n. the seller. Also vender. 

veneer (ve-ner'), v.t. to overlay with 
a thin slice of ornamental or more 
valuable wood : hence give a gloss to : 
n. a thin strip of superior wood for 
overlaying; outside show; pretense. 

venene (ve-nen'), n. the active toxin 
of snake venom. Also spelled venine. 

venenific (ven-e-nif'ik), adj. relating 
to the production of poison. 

venerable (ven'er-a-bl), adj. worthy 
of being venerated or reverenced; 
rendered sacred by religious or lofty 
associations; title of an archdeacon. 

veneration (-a/shun), n. the highest 
degree of respect and reverence; re- 
spect associated with awe. 

venereal (ve-ne're-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or arising from, sexual inter- 
course; aphrosidiac. 

venery (ven'er-i), n. sexual inter- 
course; hunting. 

venesection (ve-ne-sek'shun), n. the 
operation of opening a vein; phle- 
botomy. , 

Venetian (-ne'shan), adj. pertaining 
to Venice or its inhabitants. 

Venetian-blind (-blind), n. a win- 
dow-blind formed of long thin slats 
of wood. 

Venetian-door (-dor), n. & door with 
long narrow side-lights. 

vengeance (venj'ans), n. the inflic- 
tion of pain on another for an in- 
jury received. 

adj. vindictive; re- 



vengeful ('fool), 

tributive. 
venial (ve'ni-al), 
venison (ven'zn). 
venom ('urn), n 



adj. pardonable. 

n. deer's flesh. 

poison introduced 
into the system by a bite or sting; 
spite. 



venomous (-us), adj. full of venom; 
poisonous; malignant; spiteful. 

venous (ve'nus), adj. pertaining to, 
contained in, or consisting of, veins. 

vent (vent), n. a small opening for 
the escape of air, &c; chimney-flue; 
outlet; rectum; utterance: v.t. to 
give an opening to. 

ventilate (ven'ti-lat) , v.t. to open to 
the free passage of air; expose to 
free discussion. 

ventilation (-la/shun), n. the act of 
ventilating; state of being venti- 
lated; free discussion. 

ventilator ('ti-la-ter), n. a contriv- 
ance for regulating the free admis- 
sion of air. 

Ventose (vang-tos'), n. a month in the 
calendar of the French Revolution 
extending from Feb. 19 to March 20. 

ventral (ven'tral), adj. pertaining to 
the belly. 

ventricle ('tri-kl), n. a small cavity 
in an animal body. 

ventriloquism (-tril'o-kwizm), n. the 
act or art of speaking as from 
another source than the voice. 

ventriloquist (-kwist), n. one who 
practices ventriloqiusm. 

venture ('tur), n. an undertaking of 
chance or danger; risk; speculation: 
v.t. to risk; send on a venture: v.t. 
to dare. 

venturine (vent'ur-in), n. a powder 
made of fine gold wire: used for 
japanning. 

venue (ven'ti), n. the place where an 
action in law is laid. 

veracious (ve-ra/shus), adj. truth- 
ful; true. 

veracity (-ras'i-ti), n. truthfulness; 
truth. 

veranda (-ran 'da), n. & kind of cov- 
ered balcony or open portico sup- 
ported by light pillars. Also veran- 
dah. 

verbalism (-izm), n. something ex- 
pressed verbially. 

verbatim (ver-ba'tim) , adv. word for 
word. 

Verbena (-be'na), n. a genus of orna- 
mental fragrant plants. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, Z/ien. 



VERBIAGE 



744 



VERTEBRATA 



verbiage ('bi-aj), n. verbosity. 

verbose (-bos'), adj. wordy; prolix. 

verbosity (-bos'i-ti), n. the use of 
more words than are necessary . Also 
verboseness. 

verdancy ('dan-si), n. greenness; in- 
experience. 

verdant ('dant), adj. green; fresh; 
inexperienced; gullible. 

verd-antique (verd-an-tek'), n. a 
green incrustation on ancient copper 
and brass coins; a beautiful mottled 
marble. 

verderer (ver'der-er), n. an English 
official who has charge of the royal 
forests. 

verdict ('dikt), n. the finding of a 
jury on a trial; judgment; decision. 

verdigris ('di-gres), n. the blue-green 
substance which forms on copper or 
brass: used as a pigment. 

verdure ('dur), n. freshness of vege- 
tation. 

verge (verj), n. a rod, mace, &c, car- 
ried as an emblem of authority; 
shaft of a column; spindle of a 
watch-balance; border or limit: v.i. 
to approach or come near. 

verger ('er), n. a sword or mace 
bearer; an official who has care of 
the interior of an English cathedral. 

verifiable (ver'i-fi-a-bl), adj. capable 
of being verified. 

verification (-i-fi-ka/shun), n. the 
act of proving to be true; confirma- 
tion; state of being verified. 

verisimilitude (-i-si-mil'i-tud), n. 
the appearance of truth; probability. 

veritable ('i-ta-bl), adj. true; genuine. 

verity ('i-ti), n. [pi. verities (-tiz) ], 
agreement with fact; truth; reality. 

verjuice (ver'joos), n. an acid liquor 
expressed from unripe grapes, ap 
pies, &c. : hence sourness; tartness. 

vermicelli (-mi-sel'i), n. the stiff 
paste or dough of fine flour made 
into tubes. 

vermicular (-mik'u-lar), adj. worm- 
like. Also vermiform. 

vermifuge ('mi-ftij), n. a medicine 
or substance to expel or destroy 



worms from or in the body. Also 
vermicide. 

vermilion (-mil'yun), n. a brilliant 
red pigment: v.t. to color or dye with 
vermilion. 

vermin ('min), n. noxious small ani- 
mals or insects, as rats, fleas, &c; 
low, despicable persons. 

vermuth ('mooth), n. a liqueur of 
absinthe, aromatic herbs, &c, for 
creating an appetite. 

vernacular (-nak'u-ler), adj. per- 
taining to, or characteristic of, one's 
native country or language: n. na- 
tive idiom. 

vernal ('nal), adj. pertaining to, or 
appearing in, the spring. 

vernier ('ni-er), n. a graduated scale 
that subdivides the smallest divi- 
sions on a straight or circular scale. 

veronal (ver'o-nal), n. a product of 
coal-tar used in medicine. 

versatile ('sa-til), adj. turning with ease 
from one thing, subject, or opinion 
to another; many-sided; variable. 

versatility (-til'i-ti), n. quality of 
being versatile. 

verse (vers), n. a measured line of 
poetry; stanza; poetry; short divi- 
sion of any composition, especially 
of the chapters of the Bible; part of 
an anthem for performance by a 
single voice to each part. 

versicle (ver'si-kl), n. a little verse; 
short verse or text sung by priest 
and people alternately. 

versification (ver-si-fi-ka'shun), < n. 
the art or practice of composing 
metrical verses. 

version ('shun), n. a translation from 
one language into another; particular 
account or description. 

verst (verst) , n. the Russian mile = 
3,500 English feet. 

versus (ver'sus), prep, against [Latin]. 

vertebra ('te-bra), n. [pi. vertebrae 
(-bre) ], a single bone of the spinal 
column. 
Vertebrata (-bra'ta), n.pl. one of 
the great divisions of the animal 
kingdom, including those animals 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



VERTEBRATE 



745 



VIBRATORY 



which have a bony or cartilaginous 

backbone. 
vertebrate ('te-brat), adj. belonging 

to the Vertebrata: n. one of the 

Vertebrata. 
vertex ( y teks), n. [pi. vertices ('ti- 

sez) ], the top, summit, or crown; 

apex; zenith; point in any figure, 

opposite to, and most distant from, 

the base. 
vertical ('ti-kal), adj. pertaining to, 

or situated at, the vertex; directly 

overhead ; perpendicular to the plane 

of the horizon. 
verticil ('ti-sil), n. a whorl. Also 

verticel. 
vertigo Cti-go), n. giddiness. 
vertu ('too), n. artistic skill: hence 

works of art, curios, &c. (Italian). 
vervain (Van), n. a plant of the 

genus Verbena: formerly supposed 

to possess magical properties and 

used in medicine. 
verve (verv), n. the enthusiasm which 

animates a poet or artist; spirit; 

energy. 
vesication (ves-i-ka'shun), n. the 

process of raising blisters on the skin. 
vesicle ('i-kl), n. a bladder-like vessel 

or cavity; cyst; sac. 
vesicular (-fk'u-ler), adj. consisting 

of vesicles; full of interstices. 
Vesper ('per), n. the evening star; 

Venus when appearing after sunset; 

evening. 
vespers (ves'perz), n.pl. the 6th hour 

of the Roman Breviary; evening 

songs. 
vesta (ves'ta), n. a 'wax "match. 
vestal ('tal), adj. pertaining to, or 

sacred to, the Roman goddess Vesta; 

chaste; pure: n. a virgin; nun. 
vestal virgins (ver'jinz), n.pl. the 6 

virgin priestesses who tended the 

sacred fire on the altar of the temple 

of Vesta, at Rome. 
vested (ves'ted), adj. clothed; fixed. 
vestibule ('ti-bul), n. porch or en- 
trance into a house; small bony 

cavity of the ear. 
vestige ('tij), n. a mark left in pass- 



ing; track; remains of something 
pre-existent. 

vestment (vest'ment), n. a garment, 
especially a priestly garment; dress. 

vestry (ves'tri), n. [pi. vestries ('triz) ], 
a room in a church where ecclesias- 
tical vestments, &c, are kept and 
parochial meetings held; meeting of 
parishioners for parish business. 

vetch (vech), n. a common name for 
leguminous plants used for green 
fodder, as tares. 

veteran (vet'er-an), adj. long exer- 
cised or experienced, especially in 
military life : n. one thus experienced. 

veterinary ('er-i-na-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to the art of healing the diseases 
of domestic animals, as horses,_ &c. 

veto (ve'to), n. [pi. vetoes . (-toz) ], 
the right of stopping or preventing 
the enactment of a law; authorita- 
tive prohibition: v.t. to reject by 
veto; refuse assent to; prohibit. 

vexation (-a/shun), n. the act of vex- 
ing; state of being vexed; annoy- 
ance; worry. 

vexatious ('shus), adj. causing vex- 
ation; annoying; troublesome; har- 
assing. 

via (vi'a), adv. by way of [Latin]. 

viaduct ('a-dukt), n. an arched struc- 
ture for conveying a railway, road, 
&c, over low ground. 

vial ('al), n. a small glass bottle or 
vessel: v.t. to put in a vial. Also 
phial. 

viands ('andz), n.pl. dressed meat; 
food. 

viaticum (-at'i-kum), n. the Euchar- 
ist administered in the Roman 
Catholic Church to a person in 
danger of death. 

vibrant ('brant), adj. vibrating; res- 
onant. 

vibrate Cbrat), v.i. to move back- 
wards and forwards; oscillate; shake; 
quiver; swing; waver: v.t. to cause 
to quiver. 

vibration (-bra/shun), n. the act of 
vibrating; oscillation; resonance. 

vibratory ('bra-to-ri), adj. consisting 
in, or causing, vibrations. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



VICAR 



746 



VILIFY 



vicar (vik'er), n. a deputy; incum- 
bent of an appropriated benefice, 
who receives the small tithes. 

vicarage (-aj), n. the benefice, or 
residence, of a vicar. 

vicar-apostolic (ap-o-stol'ik), n. in 
the Roman Catholic Church a mis- 
sionary bishop with powers direct 
from the Pope. 

vicar-general (-jen'er-al), n. the as- 
sistant of a bishop, who assists him 
in ecclesiastical suits and visitations. 

vicarious (vl-ka'ri-us), adj. substi- 
tuted, or performed, in the place of 
another. 

vice (vis), n. a fault, defect, or blem- 
ish; immoral practice or habit; de- 
pravity; immorality; a vise. 

vice, prefix meaning in place of, 
second in rank. 

vicegerent (-je'rent), n. one deputed 
by superior authority to exercise the 
functions of another. 

vice-president _ (vis-prez'i-dent), -n. 
one who acts in place of a president 
in case of the absence, death or dis- 
ability of the latter. 

viceregal (-re'gal), adj. pertaining to 
a viceroy. 

viceroy ('roi), n. a governor of a 
country ruling in the name and by 
the authority of the sovereign. 

vice versa (vi'se-ver'sa), adj phrase 
from the Latin meaning "to the 
contrary"; conversely. 

Vichy water (ve'shi waw'ter), n. a 
mineral effervescent water. 

vicinage (vis'i-naj), n. a neighborhood. 

vicinity (-vis-in'i-ti), n. nearness in 
place; proximity. 

vicious (vish'us), adj. characterized 
by vice or blemish; faulty; corrupt 
in moral principles or conduct; un- 
ruly; spiteful. 

vicissitude (vi-sis'i-ttid), n. change. 

victimize (-Iz), v.t. to make a victim 
of; swindle. 

victor ('ter), n. conqueror; one who 
wins or gains an advantage. Femi- 
nine victoress. 

victoria (-to'ri-a), n. a kind of car- 
riage for two persons. 



victorious (-to-ri-us), adj. having 
conquered in battle or contest; em- 
blematic of victory; triumphant. 

victual (vit'l), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. vict- 
ualed, p.pr. victualing], to supply 
or store with provisions for food: 
n.pl. food; meat. 

victualer ('1-er), n. one who provides 
food; the keeper of a house of enter- 
tainment. 

vicuna (vi-koon'ya), n. an animal of 
Mexico and Chili, allied to the llama, 
furnishing a fine, long, reddish wool. 

vide (vi'de), v.t. see [Latin]. 

videlicet (vi-del'i-set), adv. to wit; 
namely [Latin]. 

vidette, same as vedette. 

vie (vi), v.i. to strive for superiority; 
rival; endeavor. 

Viennese (ve-en-ez), adj. pertaining 
to Vienna or to its inhabitants. 

vigil (vij'il), n. a watching; devotion 
in the usual hours of sleeping; eve 
preceding a feast of the Church. 

vigilance ('i-lans), n. watchfulness; 
caution. 

vigilance committee (kom-it'e), n. 
an organization of men banded to- 
gether for purposes of protection to 
property and life in a new commu- 
nity where the law is inoperative. 

vignette (vin-yet'), n. a small en- 
graving not enclosed by a definite 
border; a portrait of the head and 
bust only. 

vigor ('er), n. physical or mental 
strength and energy; force. 

vigorous ('er-us), adj. full of physi- 
cal or mental strength and energy; 
robust; forcible. 

vihara (vi-ha'ra), n. a Buddhist tem- 
ple or monastery. 

viking (vi'king), n. one of the old 
Scandinavian pirates, who (8th to 
10th centuries) ravaged the coasts 
of Europe. 

vile (vil), adj. worthless; despicable; 
morally base or impure; wicked. 

vilify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. vilified, 
p.pr. vilifying], to defame; debase 
by slander. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boo 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



>55n, 



VILLA 



747 



VIRTUOSO 



villa ('a), n. a country seat; subur- 
ban residence. 

village ('aj), n. a small assemblage 
of nouses, less than a town but larg- 
er than a hamlet. 

villain ('in or 'an), n. originally a 
serf or feudal tenant of the lowest 
class; scoundrel. 

villainous (-us), adj. characterized 
by extreme depravity; vile; mean. 

villainy (-i), n. extreme depravity; 
atrocious wickedness. 

villein, same as villain. 

villi < (1), n.pl. long, straight, soft 
hairs on plants; velvet-like hairs set 
closely together. 

villous ('us), adj. covered with long, 
thin, soft hairs; downy; shaggy. 

vinaceous (vi-na'shus), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or like, grapes or wine; wine- 
colored. 

vinaigrette (vin-a-gref), n. a small 
perforated box of gold, &c, for hold- 
ing aromatic vinegar or smelling- 

. salts. 

vincible (vin'si-bl), adj. capable of 
being conquered or overcome. 

vinculum (ving'ku-lum), n. a bond 
of union; tie; horizontal bar placed 
over several algebraical quantities to 
indicate they are to be treated as one. 

vindicate (vin'di-kat), v.t. to prove 
to be valid; defend successfully; as- 
sert a right to; justify. 

vindicatory - (-to-ri), adj. serving to 
vindicate, justify, or punish. 

vindictive (-dik'tiv), adj. given to, 
or prompted by, revenge. 

vineyard (vin'yard), n. a plantation 
of vines producing grapes. 

vinic (vi'nik), adj. pertaining to wine. 

vin-ordinaire (vang-or-de-nar'), n. 
a kind of claret: the common wine 
of France. 

vinous (vi'nus), adj. pertaining to, 
having the qualities of, or like, wine. 

vintage (vin'taj), n. the yearly crop 
or produce of the grape; wine pro- 
duced in one season. 

vintner (vint'ner),_r&. wine merchant. 

viol (vi'ol), n. a four-stringed musical 
instrument played with a bow. 



viola (ve-o'la), n. the tenor violin. 

violable (vi'o-la-bl), adj. capable of 
being violated or broken. 

violation (-la/shun), n* the act of 
violating, infringing, or injuring: 
rape; outrage; act of irreverence or 
profanation. 

violence ('o-lens), n. physical or 
moral force; vehemence; unjust 
strength or power applied to any 
purpose; assault; outrage; crime; 
rape; eagerness; infringement. 

violet ('o-let), n. a plant of the genus 
Viola; a color like that of the violet. 

violin (-o-lin'), n. a four-stringed mu- 
sical instrument, played with a bow. 

violinist ('ist), n. a performer on the 
violin. 

violoncellist (ve-o-lon-chel'ist), n. a 
performer on the violoncello. 

violoncello (-chel'o), n. a large four- 
stringed instrument of the viol class. 

violone (ve-o-lo'na), n. a double-bass 
viol [music]. 

viper (vi'per), n. a venomous serpent 
of various species; a crafty, malig- 
nant person. 

viperous (-us), adj. viper-like; ma- 
lignant. 

virago (vi-ra'go), n. a bold, turbulent 
woman. 

virgin (ver'jin), n. a woman who has 
preserved her chastity; maiden: the 
Virgin Mary (with the): adj. per- 
taining to, or becoming, a virgin; 
chaste; modest; pure; new; un- 
mixed. 

virginity ('i-ti), n. the state of a 
virgin; maidenhood; virgin purity. 

virile (vir'il), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, mature manhood; 
masculine; manly; procreative. 

virility (-il'i-ti), n. manhood; power 
of procreation. 

virtu, same as vertu. 

virtual (ver-tu-al), adj. in essence or 
effect, though not in fact; having the 
efficacy without the material or sen- 
sible part. 

virtue ('tu), n. rectitude; strength; 
efficacy; valor; chastity; legal force. 

virtuoso (-tii-o'so), n. [pi. virtuosi 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



VIRTUOUS 



748 



VITREO 



('se) ], one skilled in the fine arts, 
antiquities, &c; a skilled performer 
on a musical instrument. 

virtuous (^tu-us), adj. possessing, or 
exhibiting, virtue; moral; chaste. 

virulence (vir'u-lens), n. the state or 
quality of being virulent; extreme 
bitterness. 

virulent ('u-lent), adj. very poison- 
ous or venomous; actively injurious 
to life or health; bitter in enmity; 
malignant. ■ 

virus (vi'rus), n. organic, contagious, 
or poisonous matter, by which dis- 
ease or poison is introduced into the 
system; something that acts as a 
moral poison. 

vis (vis), n. power; force. 

visage (viz'aj), n. the countenance. 

vis-a-vis (ve-za-ve'), n. one who is 
face to face with another: adv. face 
to face. 

viscera (vis'er-a), n.pl. the intestines. 

visceral ('er-al), adj. pertaining to 
the viscera. 

viscid ('id), adj. sticky; glutinous. 

viscidity ('i-ti), n. stickiness; glu- 
tinousness. Also viscosity. 

viscount (vi'kount), n. a nobleman 
next in rank below an earl. Fem- 
inine viscountess. 

viscous (vis'kus), adj. adhesive or 
glutinous. 

viscus ('kus), n. an entrail. 

vise (vis), n. & two-jawed instrument 
for holding work. 

Vishnu (vish'nu), n. one of the early 
gods of the Hindus; later, their Su- 
preme Being. 

visibility (viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. percepti- 
bility. Also visibleness. 

visible ('i-bl), adj. perceptible by the 
eye, in view; obvious; apparent. 

Visigothic (-i-goth'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Visigoths, a branch of the 
Goths that settled in Southern 
France and Spain. 

vis inertiae (vis in-er'shi-e), n. in- 
herent resistance in a body to change 
its state, either to motion or rest. 

vision (vizh'un), n. the act or sense 
of seeing; sight; object of sight; di- 



vine revelation; apparition; creation 
of the imagination. 

visionary (-a-ri), adj. existing only 
in the imagination; unreal: n. an 
unpractical schemer.. 

visitant ('i-tant), n. a visitor. 

visitation (-i-ta'shun) n. the act of 
visiting; official visit; infliction of 
good or evil; retributive affliction. 

visite (ve-zef), n. a light lace or silk 
cape for summer wear. 

visor. See vizor. 

vista (vis'ta), n. [pi. vistas ('taz) 1, 
n. a view, especially through an 
avenue; the trees forming such an 
avenue. 

visual (vizh'u-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or used in, sight. 

visualize (-iz), v.t. to make visible; 
see in fancy. 

vitagraph (vit'a-graf), n. one form 
of cinematograph. 

vital (vi'tal), adj. pertaining to, sup- 
porting, or necessary to, life; mor- 
tal; essential. 

vitalism (-izm), n. the theory which 
refers vital phenomena to a vital, as 
distinct from a merely physical, force. 

vitality ('i-ti), n. vital force. 

vitals ('talz), n.pl. the organs of the 
body essential to life, as the heart, 
lungs, &c. 

vitamine (vit'am-in), n. a substance 
of unknown chemical composition 
that exists in the covering of cereal 
grains, in milk, in meats, and in va- 
rious other foods, and which appears 
to be an absolutely essential ele- 
ment in the diet; a diet of polished 
rice, for example, produces the 
disease beri-beri because of the 
absence of vitamine. 

vitascope (vi'ta-skop), n. an appa- 
ratus for projecting kinetographic 
pictures in life size upon a canvas. 

vitellus ('us), n. the yolk of an egg. 

vitiate (vish'i-at), v.t. to render 
faulty or defective; taint; deprave; 
annul. 

viticulture (vit'i-kul-tur), n. vine 
culture. 

vitreo, a prejix meaning pertaining 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, <Aen. 



VITREOUS 



749 



VOLLEY 



to, or like glass, as vitreo-electnc, 
exhibiting positive or vitreous elec- 
tricity. 

vitreous (vit're-us), adj. consisting 
of, like, or obtained from, glass. 

vitrescence (vi-tres'ens), n. the qual- 
ity of being vitrescent. 

vitric (vit'rik), adj. glass-like. 

vitrif action (-ri-fak'shun), n. the 
art or process of vitrifying. 

vitrif orm (-form), n. having the 
form or appearance of glass. 

vitrify ('ri-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. vitri- 
fied, p.pr. vitrifying], to convert by 
heat and fusion into glass: v.i. to be 
converted into glass. 

vitriol ('ri-ol), n. the popular name 
for sulphuric acid. 

vituperate (vi-tu'per-at), v.t. to cen- 
sure abusively. 

vituperation (-a/shun), n. abusive 
censure. 

viva (ve'va), interj. hurrah! [Italian]. 

vivacious (vi-va'shus), ad;, lively; gay. 

vivacity (-vas'i-ti), n. liveliness; ani- 
mation. 

vivarium (vi-va'ri-um), n. a place 
for the artificial keeping of animals 
in their natural state. 

viva voce ('va vo'se), orally [Latin]. 

vive (vev), interj. long life or suc- 
cess to [French]. 

vivid (viv'id), adj. life-like; realis- 
tic; forming brilliant images. 

vivify (viv'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. vivi- 
fied, p.pr. vivifying], to endue with 
life; quicken. 

viviparous (vi-vip'a-rus), adj. pro- 
ducing young alive. 

vivisection (-sek'shun), n. the dis- 
section of a living animal for scien- 
tific study. 

vixen (viks'n), n. a female fox; 
quarrelsome, ill-tempered woman. 

viz. (viz), adv. namely. 

vizier (vi-zeV), n. a high officer or 
councilor of state in Mohammedan 
countries. 

vizor (vi'zer), n. the upper movable 
part of a helmet; the fore-piece of a 
cap. 

vocable (voTdt-bl), n. a word; term. 



vocabulary (-kab'ti-la-ri), n. [pi. vo- 
cabularies (-riz) ], a collection of 
words of a language, science. &c, 
arranged alphabetically and ex- 
plained; words used. 

vocal (vo'kal), adj. pertaining to, full 
of, or endowed with, voice or speech; 
oral; having a vowel character; pro- 
duced in the larynx. 

vocalist (-ist), n. a singer. 

vocalize (-Iz), v.t. to form into voice; 
utter distinctly. 

vocation (-ka'shun), n. calling; oc- 
cupation. 

vocative (vok'a-tiv), adj. noting the 
case of a noun, adjective, or pro- 
noun in which a person or thing i3 
addressed: n. the vocative case. 

vociferate (vo-sif er-at), v.i. to 
clamor; bawl: v.t. to utter with a 
loud voice. 

vodka (vod'ka), n. a Russian intoxi- 
cant distilled from rye. 

voe (vo), n. a fiord; creek. 

vogue (vog), n. fashion. 

void (void), adj. empty; wanting: 
v.t. to nullify; declare vacant; quit; 
to emit or send out: n. a vacuum. 

voile (voil), n. a thin dress fabric of 
cotton, wool or silk. 

volant (vo'lant), adj. flying; nimble. 

Volapuk (-la-puk'), n. a system of 
universal language for commercial 
intercourse. 

volatile ('a-til), adj. easily passing 
into the aeriform state; diffusing 
freely; lively; sprightly; fickle. 

volcanic (-kan'ik), adj. pertaining 
to. proceeding from, or produced by, 
a volcano. 

volcanize ('kan-iz), v.t. to subject to 
volcanic action. 

volcano (-ka'no), n. [pi. volcanoes 
('noz) ], a conical hill or mountain 
from which the products of volcanic 
action are ejected with great heat in 
the form of lava, &c. 

volition (vo-lish'un), n. the act or 
power of willing or exerting choice. 

volitive (vol'i-tiv), adj. pertaining 
to, or having the power of, will. 

volley ('i), n. [pi. volleys ('iz) ], the 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



VOLPLANE 750 VOTE 

simultaneous discharge of a number enjoyment of sensual pleasures or lux- 

of small-arms; explosive burst; re- ury; sensual, exciting sensual desires, 

turn of a ball at tennis before it volute (vo-luf), n. a spiral scroll 

reaches the ground; bowling a ball forming the chief feature of the 

full to the top of the wicket: v.t. Ionic capital. 

[p.t. & p.p. volleyed, p.pr. volleying], voluted ('ed), adj. having a spiral scroll, 

to discharge with, or as with, a vol- vomer (vo'mer), n. the thin, slender 

ley: v.i. to be thrown out at once. bone forming the partition between 

volplane (vol'plan), v.i. to descend the nostrils. 

in an aeroplane from a great height vomica (vom'i-ka), n. an abscess in 

without motor power or with the the lungs. 

motor shut off. vomit ('it), v.i. to eject the contents 

volt (volt), n. the circular tread of a of the stomach by the mouth: v.t. 

horse; sudden leap to avoid a thrust to throw up from the stomach; dis- 

in fencing; standard unit of electro- charge with violence: n. matter 

motive force. ejected by the stomach ; an emetic. 

voltaic (vol-ta'ik), adj. pertaining to vomiting (-ing), n. the act of eject- 
electricity generated by chemical ac- ing matter from the stomach, 
tion or galvanism. vomito (vo-me'to), n. yellow fever in 

voltameter (-tam'e-ter), n. an in- its most acute form [Spanish], 

strument for measuring the work of voodeo (voo-doo'), n. a system of 

a voltaic current. magic and superstitious rites, said 

volubility (-u-bil'i-ti), n. excessive to be accompanied with cannibal- 
fluency of speech. ism and human sacrifices, prevalent 

voluble ('u-bl), adj. fluent in speech. among certain negro races. 

volume ('um), n. a single book; voracious (vo-ra'shus), adj. greedy 

space occupied, measured in cubic in eating; ravenous; rapacious, 

units; mass or bulk; quantity or voracity (-ras'i-ti), n. the quality of 

fullness of voice or tone. \ being voracious. 

volumetric (-u-met'rik), adj. meas- vorant (vo'rant), adj. devouring or 

ured by volume. swallowing. 

voluminous ('mi-nus), adj. exten- vortex (vor'teks), n. [pi. vortices 

sive; copious; consisting of, or hav- ('ti-sez) ], the hollow and circular 

ing produced, many books. form assumed by a liquid when set 

voluntary ('un-ta-ri), adj. acting in rotation; whirlpool. 

from choice or free will; spontane- vortex-atom (vor-teks-at'om), n. a 

ous; designed; gratuitous: n. an supposititious whirl in the ether 

organ solo played before, during, or conceived by Lord Kelvin as the 

after, a church service. possible basis of all tangible matter. 

volunteer (-un-terO, n one who en- vorticit (v0 r-tis'i-ti), n. the state 

ters into any service of his own free or Q0 ^ t \ on of a fl ; md m whic h a 

will, especially military service; a whirlpool or vortex mot i n occurs, 

foreigner who gives his services m F . _. . ., . . 

exchange for board and residence: votary (vo ta-ri), n. {pi. votaries 

v.i. to offer one's services volunta- (" nz ) h one addicted to some par- 

rily, especially for military service: ticular pursuit or condition of life; 

v.t. to offer or bestow without con- one consecrated by a vow. 

straint or compulsion. vote (vot), n. an expression of choice 

voluptuary (vo'lup-tu-a-ri), n. one or preference for some particular 

given to sensual en j oyments or luxury : candidate for an office, &c . , by ballot 

t adj. devoted to luxury or pleasure. or other method of suffrage; decision 

voluptuous ('tii-us), adj. given to the by the majority: v.t. to choose by 

fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



VOTER 



751 



VYING 



suffrage; characterize: v.i. to give 
a vote. 

voter ('er), n. an elector. 

voting ('ing), n. expression of opin- 
ion or preference by suffrage. 

voting-machine (vo'ting-ma-shen), 
n. a machine working on the prin- 
ciple of a cash register which counts 
and registers the votes at an election. 

votive ('iv), adj. given, consecrated, 
or promised by vow. 

vouch (vouch), v.t. to attest; guarantee. 

voucher ('er), n. one who gives at- 
testation or witness; a document 
guaranteeing the accuracy of ac- 
counts. 

vouchsafe (-saf' ), v.t. to condescend 
to grant; concede. 

voussoir (voo-swar'), n. one of the 
wedge-like stones forming the arch 
of a bridge. 

vow (vou), n. a solemn promise or 
pledge to fulfil some engagement 
hereafter, especially one made to 
God; pledge of fidelity or affection: 
v.t. to promise solemnly; consecrate 
to God: v.i. to make a solemn promise. 

vowel ('el), n. a simple vocal sound; 
a letter representing such a sound: 
adj. vocal. 

voyage (voi'aj), n. a journey by 
water from one country or place to 
another: v.i. to make a voyage: v.t. 
to travel or pass over. 

voyager ('er), n. a traveler by water. 

voyageur (vwa-ya-zher'), n. a Cana- 
dian boatman. 

vraisemblance (vra-sang-blangs'), n. 
an appearance of truth. 

vulcanite (vul'kan-it), n. vulcanized 
india-rubber. 

vulcanize^ (-iz), v.t. to change the 
propertied of (india-rubber) by com- 
bination with sulphur, white lead, 



and other substances, rendering it 
hard and non-elastic. 

vulgar Cger), adj, pertaining to, 
characteristic of, or used by, the 
multitude or common people; com- 
mon; general; vernacular; plebeian; 
unrefined; coarse; mean: n. the un- 
educated or unrefined class. 

vulgar fractions (frak'shunz), n.pl. 
common fractions; expressed by 
placing the numerator above the de- 
nominator, with a horizontal or ob- 
lique line between. 

vulgarian (-ga'ri-an), n. a rich per- 
son with vulgar ideas. 

vulgarism ('ger-izm), n. a vulgar 
phrase or expression. 

vulgarity (-gar'i-ti), n. coarseness 
of manners or language. 

Vulgate ('gat), n. an ancient Latin 
version of the Scriptures in use in 
the Roman Catholic Church, made 
originally by St. Jerome: adj. per- 
taining to, or contained in, the vul- 
gate. 

vulnerability (vul-ner-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being vulnerable. 
Also vulnerableness. 

vulnerable ('ner-a-bl), adj. capable 
of being wounded; susceptible of 
wounds or injury. 

vulpine ('pin), adj. pertaining to, 
like, or characteristic of, a fox; 
cunning. 

vulture ('tur), n. a large, carnivo- 
rous, voracious bird of prey. 

vulturine (-in), adj. vulture-like. 

vulva (vulVa), n. the external parts 
of the female sexual organs. 

vuiviform ('vi-form), adj. like a cleft 
with projecting edges. 

vying (vi'ing), p. adj. competing; em- 
ulating. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, them. 



w 



W, the twenty-third letter of the Eng- 
lish alphabet; the symbol in chem- 
istry for tungsten or wolfram. 

Waac, n. English women in khaki. 

wabble, same as wobble. 

waddie ('i), n. a thick club used by 
the Australian aborigines. Also 
waddy. 

wadding ('ing), n. a soft stuff of 
loose texture used for stuffing gar- 
ments, &c. 

waddle ('1), v.i. to move from side to 
side in walking. 

waddler ('ler), n. one who waddles. 

wade (wad), v.i. to walk through any 
substance that yields to the feet, as 
water, snow, &c. : v.t. to ford. 

wady ('i), n. the channel of a water- 
course which is dry except in the 
rainy season. Also wadi. 

wafer (wa/fer), n. a small colored 
paste disk for securing letters, &c; 
small disk of unleavened bread used 
in the Eucharist in the Roman 
Catholic Church. 

waffle (wof'l), n. a soft indented 
cake, baked in an iron utensil over 
a flame or coals. 

waft (waft), v.t. to bear along on a 
buoyant medium: v.i. to float. 

wag (wag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. wagged, 
p.pr. wagging], to move backwards 
and forwards: v.t. to cause to oscil- 
late: n. the act of wagging; a droll, 
humorous fellow. 

wage (waj), v.t. to engage in, or 
carry on, especially war; venture: 
n. payment for service rendered; hire 
(usually pi.). 

wagen-boom (va'gen-boom), n. a 
South African tree yielding a tough 



wood, used for wagon wheels. Also 
wagon-tree. 

wager (waj'er), n. a subject on which 
bets are laid; something staked on 
an issue: v.t. to hazard; to stake: 
v.i. to bet. 

waggery (wag'er-i), n. mischievous 
merriment; tricks of a wag; good- 
humored sarcasm. 

waggish ('ish), adj. humorous, sport- 
ive. 

waggle ('1), v.i. & v.t. to move from 
side to side: n. a movement from 
side to side. 

wagon ('un), n. a four-wheeled heavy 
vehicle for carrying goods, agricul- 
tural produce, &c. 

wagoner (-er), n. the driver of a 
wagon. 

wagonette (-ef), n. a light, open, 
four-wheeled pleasure carriage. 

wagtail ('tal), n. a small bird. 

waif (waf), n. anything found .with- 
out an owner; a homeless wanderer. 

wail (wal), v.t. to lament: v.i. to ex- 
press sorrow audibly: n. loud lamen- 
tation. Also wailing. 

wain (wan), n. a wagon. 

wainscot ('skut), n. paneled wooden 
lining on walls: v.t. to line with 
paneled boarding. 

wainscoting (-ing), n. material used 
to wainscot a house. 

wainwright ('rit), n. a maker of 
wagons. 

waist (wast), n. the narrowest part 
of the body just below the ribs; 
middle part. 

waistcoat (wast'kot or wesTmt [col- 
loquial] ), n. a short, sleeveless men's 
garment covering the chest and 
waist. 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(752) 



WAIT 753 WARBLE 

< wait (wat), v.i. to stay in expecta- music for such a dance: v.i. to dance 

tion; lie in ambush; watch; remain a waltz. 

quiet; follow someone; attend: v.t. wampee (wom-pe'), n. a fruit much 

to await; postpone. esteemed by the Chinese. 

waiter ('er), n. a servant in attend- wampum (wom'pum), n. beads made 

ance at table; salver or tray. Fern- of shells, used by the North Ameri- 

inine waitress. can Indians as money and for orna- 

waiting ( f mg), adj. serving; attendant.* mental belts. 
waits (watz), n.pl. nocturnal musi- wan (won), adj. pale; sickly.- 

cians who perform in the streets of wand (wond), n. a long, slender rod; 

English towns at Christmastide. staff of authority. 

waive (wav), v.t. to give up a claim wander (won'der), v.i. to ramble 

to; forego. about aimlessly; stroll; depart from; 

wake (wak), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. waked be delirious. 

or woke, p.pr. waking], to be awake; wanderlust (wand'er-lust), n. love of 

be roused from sleep; cease to sleep; constant travel. 

be active: v.t. to rouse from sleep; wanderoo (-00'), n. a large bearded 

revive; watch: n. a vigil; watching monkey of Southern India. 

of a dead body prior to burial; track, wane (wan), v.i. to grow less; de- 
wale (wal), n. a mark left by the crease: said of the illuminated part 

stroke of a whip, &c: v.t. to mark of the moon; fail: n. the decrease of 

with a wale. the illuminated part of the moon.. 

wallet (wol'et), n. a bag or knap- wanghee (wang-he'), n. a bamboo 

sack; a pocketbook. imported from Japan and China, 

wall-eye (wawl'i), n. an eye, the iris used for walking-sticks, &c. 

of which is white: said of horses. wanness (won'nes), n. wan condition. 
wallflower ('flou-er), n. a plant of want (wawnt), n. absence or scarcity 

the genus Cheiranthus with sweet- of what is needed or desired; defi- 

scented flowers; one who, at a ball ciency; necessity; penury: v.t. to be 

or party, takes no part. destitute of; have need of; desire: 

Walloon (wal-oon'), n. one of a people v.i. to be deficient; not to be present; 

dwelling in the southeastern part of come short. 

Belgium, of Latin, Celt and Teuton wantage (want'ag), n. the empty 

ancestry. space in a partially filled cask or 

wallop (wol'up), v.i. to boil with a receptacle of liquor. 

continued bubbling: v.t. to beat wan ton (won'tun), adj. licentious; 

soundly: n. a blow; gallop [Scotch]. lustful; unrestrained; roving; sport- 
wallow ('o), v.i. to roll one's body m j ve; luxurious; trifling: n. a lasciv- 

the mire; tumble or roll in anything { ous man or WO man. 

soft; live in vice or filth: n. a kind . . ( ,j_ ti) ^ American elk. 

of rolling walk; a place to which an , %, . L 1 ± 

animal resorts to wallow. war (wawr), n. a contest between 

walnut (wawl'nut), n. a tree of the states earned on by force; armed 

genus Juglans, yielding an edible conflict; state of hostility; enmity: 

fruit and valuable wood. «:*■ [?•*• & V-P- warred p.pr. war- 

Walpurgis Night (val-poor'gis nit) , n . n f \ . to make war 5 fi S ht ' stnve 

n. the eve of May Day, when witches violently. 

are supposed to hold high revelry. warble (wawr'bl), v.t. & v.i. to sing 
walrus (woFrus), n. a large, carniv- in a trilling or quavering manner; 

orous, marine mammal with power- sing, as birds; utter musically: n. a 

ful tusks. soft, sweet flow of melodious sounds; 

waltz (wawltz), n. a kind of dance; carol. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



WARBLER 



754 



WASSAIL 



warbler Cbler), n. one who warbles; 
a singing-bird. 

war-brides (war'brlds), n. speculative 
securities based on European war 
contracts. 

war-cry (war'-kri), n. the distin- 
guishing shout of a tribe as a sum- 
mons to battle or engaged in actual 
conflict. 

ward (wawrd), v.t. to guard; defend 
from danger; turn aside (with off): 
v.i. to be vigilant; act on the de- 
fensive: n. guard; defense; particular 
division of a city or town; custody; 
person entrusted to the care of a 
guardian. 

warden ('en), n. a guardian; keeper; 
head official; churchwarden. 

warder ('er), n. keeper; guard. 

wardrobe ('rob), n. portable ck«et 
for clothes; wearing apparel. 

wardroom ('room), n. a cabin for 
naval lieutenants. 

warehouse (war'hous), n. a building 
for storing goods: v.t. to deposit in 
a warehouse. 

wares (warz), n. merchandise; goods. 

warfare (wawr'far), n. hostilities; 
war; contest; military life or service. 

warily (war'i-li), adv. cautiously. 

wariness ('i-nes) ,n. caution. 

warlock (wawr'lok), n. a wizard. 

warm-blooded (-blud'ed), adj. de- 
noting animals whose temperature 
ranges 98° to 112° Fahr. 

warm colors (kul'erz), n.pl. colors 
having yellow or red for their basis.' 

warmth ('th), n. _ moderate heat; 
earnestness or irritability; anima- 
tion; glowing effect produced by the 
use of warm colors. 

warn < (wawrn), v.t. to give notice of 
possible danger; caution; expostu- 
late; summon by authority. 

warning ('ing), n. caution against 
danger; previous notice; notice to 
quit. 

warp (wawrp), n. the threads which 
extend lengthwise in the loom, and 
are crossed by the woof; towing- 
rope; a twist out of the true shape: 
v.t. to turn or twist out of shape; 



pervert; arrange (yarns) on a warp 
beam; tow or move (a vessel) with a 
warp attached to some fixed object; 
run, as yarn, off the winches into 
hulks to be tarred: v.i. to swerve or 
deviate. 

warping ('ing), n. preparation of 
the warp; fertilization of estuary 
land by flooding it with water. 

warrant (wor'ant), v.t. to guarantee; 
give assurance to; authorize; main- 
tain; mark as safe; assure: n. a 
commission giving authority; writ 
for arresting a person; voucher; 
security. 

warranty (-i), n. guarantee; security. 

warren ('en), n. an enclosure for 
protecting game or animals, espe- 
cially rabbits; fish preserve. 

warrior (wawr'i-er), n. a soldier; 
fighter. 

wart (wawrt), n. a dry excrescence on 
the human skin and certain animals. 

wary (wa'ri), adj. [corny, warier, su- 
perl. wariest], cautious; circum- 
spect. 

wase (waz), n. a circular straw head 
covering used by porters whei 
carrying loads. 

wash (wosh), v.t. to cleanse wit] 
water; cover with water; overla 
with thin metal; cover with a thin 
coat of color; cleanse from moral 
pollution: v.i. to cleanse by wash- 
ing: n. the act of washing; waste 
liquor; alluvial matter; shallow part 
of an arm of a sea or of a river; bog 
or marsh; cosmetic lotion. 

washer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, washes; ring of metal, leath- 
er, &c, used to secure the tightness 
of a joint, screw, &c. 

washout (wash'-owt), n. a ditch or 
chasm caused by a violent current 
of water. 

wasp (wosp), n. a winged insect with 
a sharp sting; peevish, irritable 
person. 

waspish ('ish), adj. petulant and ir- 
ritable; slender-waisted. 

wassail (wos'el), n. a merry-making 
accompanied with drinking, especi- 



; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



WASTE 



755 



WATTLE 



ally at Christmas-time; liquor of ale, 
apples, and sugar: v.i. to carouse. 

waste (wast), v.t. to destroy wan- 
tonly; diminish; squander; impair: 
v.i. to be diminished: adj. lying un- 
used; unproductive; devastated; un- 
tilled: n. the act of wasting; dissipa- 
tion of property; useless expenditure; 
uncultivated country; refuse. 

wasteful ('fool), adj. causing waste; 
spending property extravagantly or 
uselessly. 

wastefully (-i), adv. in a wasteful 
manner. 

wastrel (wast'rel), n. a shiftless per- 
son; a spendthrift; a vagabond. 

watch (woch), n. close observation; 
guard; vigilance; sentry; attendance 
without sleep; watchman; division 
of the night; period during which 
part of a crew are on duty on deck 
(4 hours); pocket timepiece: v.i. to 
be or keep awake; keep guard; act 
as an attendant: v.t. to tend; guard; 
keep in view. 

watchful ('fool), adj. vigilant; wary. 

watchword ('werd), n. a, password. 

water (waw'ter), n. a colorless, in- 
odorous, transparent fluid, consist- 
ing of 2 volumes of hydrogen to one 
of oxygen; rain; sea; any collection 
of water; luster of a diamond; 
urine; stock issued without provi- 
sion for the payment of interest: v.t. 
to supply with water; irrigate; wet 
with water; dilute: v.i. to get or 
take in water; have a longing desire. 

watercourse (waw'ter-kors), n. a 
channel or bed for running water. 

water-cure (kur), n. the cure of 
disease by water treatment, ex- 
ternally or internally. 

water-cooled (wa'ter-koold), adj. 
cooled by contact with circulating 
water, as in case of an automobile 
engine. 

watered ('terd), adj. supplied with 
water; sprinkled; having a wavy 
appearance. 

watered stocks (stoks), n.pl. shares 
of stock added to the capital stock 



without cash or property added to 
the assets of the company. 

waterfall (waw'ter-fawl), n. water 
falling perpendicularly; a cascade; 
a cataract. 

water-gauge (waw'ter-gaj), n. a con- 
trivance to measure the volume of 
water. 

watering-place (waw'ter-ing-plas), n. 
a resort for bathing in or drinking 
waters of a medicinal value; a 
pleasure resort. 

water-level (waw'ter-lev-el), n. a 
level determined by the surface of 
smooth water; an instrument for 
ascertaining levels by means of 
water enclosed in a glass tube. 

water-line (waw'ter-lin), n. a line to 
which the water rises on the hull of 
a ship; a water mark. 

water-logged (waw'ter-logd), adj. 
saturated with water so as to be 
unmanageable; usually referring to 
a ship. 

watermain (waw'ter-man), n. a pipe 
or tube under the ground which 
supplies water to a town or city. 

water-mark (waw'ter-mark), n. a 
mark showing the highest or lowest 
point to which water has risen dur- 
ing a certain period; translucent 
lines in writing paper indicating the 
trade mark of the maker. 

water-power (waw'ter-pou-er), n. 
power used to drive machinery by 
utilizing the weight or force of 
water. 

waterproof (waw'ter-proof), adj. im- 
pervious to water; a rain-coat. 

water-shed (waw'ter-shed), n. the 
division between streams of waters 
flowing in opposite directions. 

waterspout (waw'ter-spout), n. a 
column of water moving with great 
force and violence over the surface 
of the sea. 

watery ('ter-i), adj. pertaining to, or 
like, water; transparent or thin; 
tasteless; tearful. 

watt (wot), n. an electrical unit of 
power. 

wattle ('1), n. a twig or flexible rod; 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



WATTLEBIRD 



756 



WEATHER 



a hurdle of interwoven rods; fleshy 
lobe under the throat of a fowl, tur- 
key, &c; kind of acacia: v.t. to 
twist or interweave (twigs or rods) 
one with another: n. bird with 
wattles. 

wattlebird (-berd), n. an Australian 
honey-bird. 

waul (wawl), n. the cry of a cat. 

wave (wav), n. the alternate rising 
and falling of water above its nat- 
ural level; undulation; state of 
vibration propagated through a sys- 
tem of particles or elastic medium; 
signal made by waving: v.i. to move 
like a wave; play loosely; undulate: 
v.t. to brandish; beckon; raise into 
inequalities of surface. 

waver ('er), v.i. to move to and fro; 
vacillate; hesitate or be undeter- 
mined. 

waveson ('sun), n. goods floating on 
the waves after shipwreck. 

wavy ('i), adj. rising and swelling in 
waves; full of waves; undulating. 

wax (waks), n. beeswax; any tena- 
cious substance like beeswax; ceru- 
men of the ear; rage: v.t. to smear, 
rub, or join, with wax: v.i. to in- 
crease in size; become. 

waxbill ('bil), n. a finch with a red 
conical bill resembling wax. 

waxen ('en), adj. made of, like, or 
consisting of, wax. 

waxiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being waxy. 

waxwing ('wing), n. a small bird 
the secondary quills of whose wings 
are tipped with small horny appen- 
dages resembling sealing-wax. 

waxy ('i), adj. consisting of, or like, 
wax; adhesive; angry. 

way (wa), n. a road; route; progres- 
sion; motion; course; length of 
space; distance; relative position or 
motion; tendency; advance in life; 
manner; will; plan. 

waylay ('la), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. way- 
laid, p.pr. waylaying], to beset by 
the road or in ambush. 

wayward ('werd), adj. perverse; fro- 
ward. 



weak (wek), adj. wanting strength, 
vigor, spirit, discernment, or wis- 
dom; feeble; soft; pliant; unforti- 
fied; vacillating. 

weaken ('n), v.t. to make weak; re- 
duce in quality or strength: v.i. to 
become weak. 

weakling (wek'ling), n. a person weak 
in moral or physical strength. 

weak verb (verb), n. a verb the p.t. 
& p.p. of which are formed by add- 
ing ed or d. 

weal (wel), n. welfare; prosperity; 
mark of a stripe: v.t. to mark with 
stripes. 

weald (weld), n. a wood or forest; 
wold. 

wealth (welth), n. riches; affluence. 

wealthy ('i), adj. [comp. wealthier, 
superl. wealthiest], rich; affluent. 

wean (wen), v.t. to accustom and 
reconcile to a want or deprivation of 
the breast; alienate the affections 
from any object or habit. 

weapon (wep'n), n. any instrument 
of offense or defense. 

wear (war), v.t. [p.t. wore, p.p. worn, 
p.pr. wearing], to impair or waste by 
time, usage, friction, &c; carry as 
covering on the body ; put (a vessel) 
on another tack; bear or carry: v.i. 
to be wasted or worn by friction or 
usage; last under use: n. the act of 
wearing; state of being worn. 

wearily (wer'i-li), adv. in a weary 
manner. 

weary ('i), adj. [comp. wearier, su- 
perl. weariest], worn out physically 
or mentally; having the patience ex- 
hausted; causing weariness; irk- 
some: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wearied, p.pr. 
wearying], to wear out or make 
weary; harass by something irk- 
some: v.i. to become weary, tired or 
fatigued; become impatient. 

weasand (we'zand), n. the windpipe. 

weasel ('zel), n. a small carnivorous 
animal with short legs and a long 
body. 

weather (weth'er), n. the state of 
the atmosphere with respect to cold, 
heat, wet, dryness, &c: v.t. to ex- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; b56n, 
book hue, hut; think, then. 



WEATHER-COCK 



757 



WEIGHTY 



pose to, or season by exposure to, 
the air; sail to the windward of; 
endure or resist bravely: v.i. to un- 
dergo change by the action of the 
weather. 

weather-cock (-kok), n. a vane. 

weather-gage (-gaj), n. the situa- 
tion of a vessel when to the wind- 
ward of another. 

weather-helm (-helm), n. a term 
applied to a vessel when she is in- 
clined to come near to the wind. 

weather-side (-sid), n. that side of 
a vessel under sail on which the 
wind blows. 

weave (wev), v.t. to twist or inter- 
lace, as threads, together; form, as 
cloth, in a loom; compose or fabri- 
cate: v.i. to practice weaving; work 
with a loom. 

weazen (we'zn), n. sharp and thin; 
withered. 

web (web), n. texture of threads, or 
thread-like materials; anything care- 
fully contrived; tissue or texture; 
large roll of paper for newspapers; 
membrane uniting the fingers and 
toes in many water-birds and am- 
phibians: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. webbed, 
p.pr. webbing], to unite or surround 
with, or as with, a web; entangle. 

webbing ('ing), n. a narrow woven 
fabric of cotton or flax. 

wed (wed), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wedded 
or wed, p.pr. wedding], to marry; 
unite together: v.i. to contract mar- 
riage. 

wedding ('ing), n. marriage; nup- 
tial ceremonies or festivities. 

wedge (wej), n. a piece of wood or 
metal, thick at one end and thin at 
the other, used for rending or com- 
pressing, &c. ; one of the mechanical 
powers; mass of metal: v.t. to 
cleave, force, drive, or fasten, with 
a wedge; press closely. 

Wedgwood ware ('wood war), n. 
a superior kind of semi-vitrified pot- 
tery, invented by Josiah Wedgwood 
(1730-95). 

wedlock ('lok), n. matrimony. 



Wednesday (wenz'da), n. the fourth 

day of the week. 
wee (we), _ adj. very small. 
weed (wed), n. any plant growing 
uncultivated or noxious to cultivated 
crops; anything useless or trouble- 
some: pi. a widow's mourning gar- 
ments; a cigar or tobacco: v.t. to 
free from weeds, or anything offen- 
sive or hurtful. 

weedy ('i), adj. pertaining to, or 
consisting of, weeds; long-legged, 
thin, and lank. 

weekday ('da), n. any day of the 
week except Sunday. 

week-end (wek'end), n. a social 
■gathering at country homes during 
the last days of the week; also week- 
end visits to resorts. 

weekly ('li), adj. continuing for, or 
produced within, or happening in, a. 
week: adv. once a week: n. [ph 
weeklies ('liz) ], a periodical issued 
once a week. 

ween (wen), v.i. to think; fancy. 

weep (wep), v.i. to express grief by 
shedding tears: v.t. to lament; pour 
forth. 

weeping ('ing), n. the act of shed- 
ding tears; discharging a liquid in 
small drops. 

weever (we'ver), n. a kind of fish. 

weevil (we'vl), n. a small beetle, the 
larvae of which are very destructive 
to grain, &c. 

weft (weft), n. the woof or piling of 
cloth crossing the warp. 

wehrwolf, same as werewolf. 

weigh (wa), v.t. to ascertain the 
weight of; examine by the balance; 
reflect on carefully: v.i. to have 
weight; bear heavily: n. a certain 
quantity by weight. 

weight (wat), n. the quality of being 
heavy; gravity; quantity of matter 
as ascertained by the balance; a 
definite mass of metal for ascertain- 
ing the weight of other bodies; 
mass; something oppressive; pres- 
sure; power; importance. 

weighty ('i), adj. [comp. weightier, 
superl. weightiest], having weight; 



•ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



WEIR 



758 



WEY 



heavy; ponderous; momentous; im- 
portant; serious. 

weir (wer), n. a dam across a stream 
to raise the level of the water; en- 
closure of twigs, &c, for catching fish. 

weird (werd), adj. pertaining to, or 
connected with, fate or destiny; su- 
pernatural; caused by magical influ- 
ence: n. a spell or charm. 

welcome (wel'kum), adj. received 
with gladness or hospitality; pro- 
ducing gladness; free to enjoy gra- 
tuitously: n. kind reception to a 
guest or newcomer: v.t. to salute 
with kindness; receive with hospi- 
tality. 

weld (weld), v.t. to unite together by 
hammering or fusion, as two pieces 
of heated iron. 

welfare (wel'far), n. prosperity; hap- 
piness. 

welkin ('kin), n. the sky. 

well (wel), n. a spring or fountain; 
shaft sunk to reach a supply of 
water or other liquid; something re- 
sembling a well in shape: v.i. to flow 
or issue forth: adv. right; justly; 
suitably; adequately; favorably; 
far; not a little: adj. good in condi- 
tion or circumstances; fortunate; 
sound in body; healthy; safe. 

well-bred ('bred), adj. refined in 
manners; cultivated. 

Wellingtonia (-ing-to'ni-a), n. a 
name for the big trees of California. 

Wellingtons ('ing-tunz), n.pl. long- 
legged boots. 

Welsh (welsh), adj. pertaining to 
Wales, its. inhabitants, or language: 
n. the people of Wales collectively; 
the language of Wales. 

Welsh-rabbit (-rab'it), n. melted 
cheese spread upon toast. 

welt (welt), n. a narrow strip of 
leather around a shoe between the 
upper leather and sole: v.t. to fur- 
nish with a welt. 

welter ('er), v.t. to roll in mud or 
foul matter; wallow: v.t. to cause 
to rise and fall, as waves : n. that in 
which any person or animal welters: 
adj. pertaining to, or noting, the 



most heavily weighted race of a 
meeting. 

welwitschia (-wich'i-a), n. an African 
plant producing only two large leaves. 

wen (wen), n. a fleshy and movable 
tumor. 

wench (wench), n. a ^oung girl or 
maiden: usually in an invidious or 
bad sense; female colored servant, 

wend (wend), v.i. to go; pass: v.t. to 
direct (one's way or course). 

were, p.t. pi. of be. 

werewolf ('woolf), n. a person trans- 
formed into a wolf in form or appe- 
tite, either permanently or at cer- 
tain periods. Also werwolf. 

Wesley an (wes'li-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to John Wesley or to Wesleyan- 
ism: n. a Wesleyan Methodist. 

Wesleyanism (-izm), n. the doc- 
trines and church polity of the sect 
of Arminian Methodists, founded by 
John Wesley, 1739; Methodism. 

west (west), n. one of the 4 cardinal 
points, exactly opposite the east; 
point where the sun appears to set: 
adj. pertaining to, situated at, lying 
toward, proceeding toward, or com- 
ing from, the west : adv. toward the 
west. 

West, n. the Occident; country or re 
gion lying west of any particule 
place. 

western ('ern), adj. tending to, c 
passing toward, the west. 

Western, adj. of or pertaining to the 
Occident or to a western region oi 
country. 

westward ('werd), adv. toward the 
west. Also westwards. 

wet (wet), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wetted or 
wet, p.pr. wetting], to make wet; 
saturate or moisten with water or 
some other liquid: n. water; mois- 
ture; rainy or misty weather; a 
drink: adj. containing, consisting of, 
or soaked with, water or some other 
liquid; very damp; rainy or misty. 

wether (weth'er), n. a castrated ram. 

wet-nurse ('ners), n. a nurse who 
suckles the child of another.^ 

wey (wa), n. a unit of weight or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; b56n,. 
book;, hue, hut; think, then. 



WHACK 



759 



WHIMSICAL 



measure, varying with different arti- 
cles. 

whack (hwak), n. a smart resounding 
blow; large piece: v.t. to strike with 
a smart, resounding blow. 

whacker ('er), n. one who whacks; 
something very large, especially a he. 

whale (hwal), n. a large mammal of 
the Cetacea, many species of which 
yield oil and whalebone; a fish of 
great size. 

wharf (hwawrf), n. [pi. wharfs or 
wharves (hwawrf s, hwawrvz) ], a 
quay or erection on the shore of a 
harbor, river, &c, for discharging or 
taking in cargoes, passengers, &c. 

wharfinger ('in-jer), n. the owner 
of a wharf. 

whatnot ('not), n. an article of fur- 
niture with shelves for books, orna- 
ments, &c. 

wheal (hwel), n. a weal. 

wheat (hwet), n. an annual cereal 
grain from which flour is manufac- 
tured. 

wheatear ('er), n. a small migratory 
singing bird, with a conspicuous 
white patch at the base of its tail. 

wheaten ('n), adj. made of wheat. 

wheedle (hwe'dl), v.t. to entice with 
flattering words: cajole; coax. 

wheel (hwel), n. a circular frame or 
solid piece of wood or metal turning 
on its own axis; any wheel-shaped 
mechanical contrivance; an old in- 
strument of torture; a circular re- 
volving firework: v.t. to cause to 
rotate; convey on wheels: v.i. to 
turn on, or as on, an axis. 

wheelbarrow (hweTbar-o), n. a bar- 
row, usually with one wheel and two 
handles for carrying light loads, 

wheeler ('er), n. one who wheels; 
the horse nearest to the wheels of a 
carriage. 

wheelman ('man), n. [pi. wheelmen 
('men) ], a. cyclist; a steersman. 

wheelwright ('rit), n. a maker of 
wheels and wheeled carriages. 

wheeze (hwez), v.i. to breathe hard 
and audibly: n. a puffing or blowing, 
as in labored breathing. 



wheezy ('i), adj. affected with wheez- 
ing. 

whelk (hwelk), n. a large marine 
gasteropod. 

whelm (hwelm), v.t. to overwhelm. 

whelp (hwelp), n. the young of a 
dog, lion, fox, &c; cub: v.i. to bring 
forth young: said of the female of 
certain animals, as the dog. 

wherry (hwer'i), n. a light, shallow 
boat, sharp at both ends; small- 
decked fishing- vessel; liquor made 
from the juice of crab-apples after 
the verjuice is expressed. 

whet (hwet), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. whetted, 
p.pr. whetting], to sharpen, especially 
by rubbing or friction; stimulate. 

whether (hweth'er), pron. which of 
two: conj. which of two alterna- 
tives (followed by or). 

whetstone (hwet'ston), n. a stone 
for sharpening edged tools, &c. 

whey (hwa), n. the thin, sweet, 
watery part of milk, after separa- 
tion from the curd. 

whiff (hwif), n. a sudden breath of 
air, smoke, &c, as from the mouth; 
light puff; kind of outrigged boat: 
v.t. to puff or emit in whiffs. 

whiffle ('1), v.i. to veer about like 
the wind; be fickle or unsteady; 
prevaricate. 

whiffletree, same as swingletree. 

whiffling ('ling), n. evasion; prevar- 
ication. 

Whig (hwig), n. one of a political 
party in the United States that fa- 
vored a protective tariff, and was 
succeeded by the present Republican 
"party; one of a political party 
which originated in the 17th century, 
now called the Liberal party: adj. 
pertaining to Whigs. 

whilom (hwi'lom), adv. formerly; 
long ago. 

whim (hwim), n. a capricious fancy; 
freak; notion. 

whimper ('per), v.t. to utter in a 
low, whining or crying tone: v.i. to 
cry with a low, whining, broken voice. 

whimsical ('zi-kal), adj. full of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



WHIN 



760 



WHITECAP 



whims; fantastical; odd in appear- 
ance. 

whin (hwin), n. a wild, prickly plant 
of the genus Ulex; furze. 

whin-chat ('chat), n. a small sing- 
ing bird. 

whine (hwin), v.i. to express sorrow 

by a plaintive cry; murmur in an 

unmanly manner: n. a plaintive 

'tone; mean or affected complaint. 

whining ('ing), adj. expressing mur- 
murs by a mean, plaintive, or cant- 
ing tone. 

whinny (hwin'i), v.i. to utter a 
sound like the cry of a horse: n. the 
act of whinnying: adj. abounding in 
whins or furze. 

whinstone (hwin'ston), n. a miner's 
term for hard, resisting rock. 

whip (hwip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. whipped, 
or whipt, p.pr. whipping], to strike 
or punish with a lash or some other 
instrument of punishment or correc- 
tion; flog; lash with sarcasm; beat 
into a froth; beat out; sew lightly; 
fish in with a rod and artificial fly: 
v.i. to move nimbly; start suddenly 
and run: n. an instrument for 
driving horses or other animals or 
for correction; coachman or driver; 
whipper-in; endless line used for 
saving life in shipwreck; small 
tackle with a single rope for hoist- 
ing; a member of the British Parlia- 
ment whose duty it is to summon 
the members of his party to impor- 
tant divisions; the summons issued. 

whipper ('er), n. one who whips, 
especially an officer who inflicts the 
penalty of legal flogging; coal- 
whipper. 

whipper-in (-er-in'), n. a huntsman 
who keeps the hounds in restraint. 

whipping ('ing), n. the act of pun- 
ishing with the lash or rod. 

whippoorwill (hwip'per-wil), n. a 
small American bird, named from 
its cry. 

whir (hwer), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. whirred, 
p.pr. whirring], to revolve quickly 
with a whizzing noise: n. a whiz- 
zing noise. 



whirl (hwerl), v.t. to turn round 
rapidly: v.i. to turn or move round 
with velocity; move along swiftly: 
n. a turning with velocity; rapid ro- 
tation or whirling motion. 

whirligig ('i-gig), n. a child's toy 
which is whirled or spun round. 

whirlpool (pool), n. a body of 
water moving with a circular motion 
forming a vortex or gulf. 

whirlwind ('wind), n. a violent 
wind moving spirally; sudden vio- 
lent rush. 

whisk (hwisk), v.t. to sweep or stir 
rapidly; move, or carry off, nimbly: 
v.i. to move rapidly and nimbly: n. 
the act of whisking; small bundle 
of grass, hair, &c, used as a brush; 
small instrument used for beating or 
whisking, especially eggs. 

whiskers ('erz), n.pl. the hair on a 
man's cheeks; the bristly hairs on 
the upper lip of a cat, &c. 

whisky (hwis'ki), n. an intoxicant | 
distilled from barley, rye, &c. Also | 
whiskey. 

whisper ('per), v.i. to speak in a low 
voice or as not to be overheard: v.t. 
to say under the breath: n. a low, 
soft tone of voice audible only to the 
listener; suggestion or insinuation. 

whist (hwist), n. a card game: in- 
ter;, hush! f 

whistle (hwis'l), v.i. to make a shrill 
sound by forcing the breath through 
the contracted lips; utter a shrill 
sound: v.t. to call or signal by a 
whistle: n. the shrill noise of one 
who whistles; small wind-instru- 
ment; throat. 

whistler ('ler), n. one who whistles; 
broken-winded horse; one who keeps 
an unlicensed dram-shop. 

whit (hwit), n. the smallest particle. 

whitebait Chat), n. a small, delicate 
fish. 

white book, n. official name of col- 
lections of diplomatic messages is- 
sued by England and Germany just 
before the European war of 1914. 

whitecap ('kap), n. a redstart; one 
of a self-constituted tribunal of per- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



WHITE-FEATHER 



761 



WICK 



sons who visit the houses of offend- 
ers against morality and punish 
them by whipping. 
white-feather ('fet/j-er), n. cow- 
ardice. 

white friar (fri'er), n. a Carmelite 
monk. 

White House (hous), n. the official 
residence at Washington of the 
United States President. 

white-lie ('II), n. a polite or light false- 
hood. 

white-livered ('liv-erd), adj. cow- 
ardly. 

whiten ('en), v.t. to make white; 
blanch. 

white-precipitate (-pre-sip'i-tat), n. 
ammonia compounded with corrosive 
sublimate. 

white-smith ('smith), n. a tinsmith. 

white-squall ('skwawl), n. a squall 
not preceded by clouds. 

white-swelling ('swel-ing), n. a scrof- 
ulous inflammation about the joints. 

white-throat ('throt), n. a small 
migratory singing-bird. 

white-vitriol ('vit-ri-ol), n. sulphate 
of zinc. — 

whitewash ('wosh), n. a composi- 
tion of lime, whiting, size, water, 
&c, for whitening ceilings, &c: v.t. 
to whiten with whitewash; clear 
from imputation or disgrace; clear 
(a bankrupt) from his obligations 
by judicial process. 

white-wine ('win), n. a name for 
wines of a clear, transparent color. 

whitewood ('wood), n. tulip-tree wood. 

whither (whith'er), adv. to what 
place; to what; how far. 

whiting (hwit'ing), n. pulverized 
chalk cleansed from impurities; an 
edible fish. 

whitlow (hwit'lo), n. a sore about the 
quick of the nail; felon; a foot disease 
in sheep. 

Whitsun ('sun), adj. pertaining to, 
or observed at, Whitsuntide, or the 
season of Pentecost. 

Whitsunday ('sun-da), n. the sev- 
enth Sunday after Easter, commem- 
orating the day of Pentecost. 



whittle (hwit'l), v.t. to cut, dress, or 
sharpen with a knife; reduce bit by 
bit. 

whiz (hwiz), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. whizzed, 
p.pr. whizzing], to make a humming 
or hissing noise: n. a humming or 
hissing noise. 

whoa (hwo), inter j. a word used by 
drivers of horses or oxen, meaning 
"stop!" 

whole (hoi), adi. containing all; 
complete; not defective; hale and 
sound; unbroken. 

wholesale ('sal), n. sale of goods by 
the piece or in large quantity: ad;', 
buying or selling in large quantities. 

wholesome ('sum), adj. sound; pro- 
moting or favoring morals, religion, 
or prosperity; salubrious; salutary. 

wholly (ho'li), adv. entirely; exclu- 
sively. 

whoop (hoop), v.i. to utter a loud, 
shrill, and prolonged cry; shout: n. 
a loud shout of, or as of, pursuit or 
attack. 

whooping-cough ('ing-kof), n. a 
violent, convulsive cough, character- 
ized by its whooping sound. 

whop (hwop), v.t. [pi. & p.p. 
whopped, p.pr. whopping], to thrash 
or beat: v.i. to fall down suddenly: 
n. a blow or fall. 

whopper ('er), n. something unusu- 
ally large; a monstrous lie. 

whore (hor), n. a female who prosti- 
tutes her body for hire; prostitute; 
adulteress: v.i. to fornicate; practice 
idolatry. 

whoredom ('dum), n. fornication; 
idolatry. 

whorl (hwerl or whorl), n. any set 
of organs or appendages arranged in 
a circle round an axis, as flowers or 
leaves; turn of the spire of a uni- 
valve shell; fly of a spindle. 

whorled (hwerld), adj. furnished 
with whorls. 

whortleberry (hwer'tl-ber-i), n. small 
shrub and its edible blue fruit. 

wick (wik), n. the cotton or sub- 
stance of a candle or lamp which 
supplies the flame. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



WICKED 



762 



WIND 



wicked ('ed), adj. evil in principle 
or practice; sinful; immoral; rogu- 
ish. 

wicker ('er), n. a pliant osier: adj. 
made of plaited osiers. 

wicket ('et), n. a small gate; the 
three upright stumps in cricket at 
which the ball is bowled. 

wick-i-up (wik'i-up), n. another 
name for wigwam or tepee. 

wide (wid), adj. extended far each 
way; broad; vast; very capacious; 
failing to hit the mark: adv. to a 
great distance; far apart: n. a ball 
bowled outside the bowling-crease. 

widen ('en), v.t. to make wide; throw 
open: v.i. to enlarge. 

widgeon (wij'un), n. a species of 
duck. 

widow (wid'o), n. a woman bereaved 
of her husband and remaining un- 
married: v.t. to bereave of a hus- 
band. 

widower (-er), n. a man bereaved of 
his wife and remaining unmarried. 

width (width) n. extent of a thing 
from side to side. 

wield (weld), v.t. to use or employ 
with the hand; control or sway; 
handle. 

wig (wig), n. false hair worn on the 
head. 

wigan ('an), n. a kind of canvas-like 
cotton fabric. 

wigged (wigd), adj. wearing a wig. 

wigging (wig'ing), n. a scolding. 

wiggle, same as wriggle. 

wight (wit), n. a human being. 

wigwag (wig'wag), n. a signaling 
flag: v.t. & v.i. to communicate by 
means of a wigwag; to wave to and 
fro. 

wigwam (wig'wawm), n. an Indian 
tent. 

wild (wild), adj. living in a state of 
nature; untamed; uncultivated; na- 
tive; savage; violent; passionate; 
unreasonable; disorderly; reckless; 
n. a desert. 

wilderness (wil'der-nes), n. a region 
or tract of land uncultivated and un- 
inhabited; desert. 



wildcat (wild'kat), adj. unsafe; spec- 
ulative; running without control. 

wile (wil), n. a sly artifice; trick; 
v.t. to cause to pass pleasantly (with 
away); cajole [Scotch]. 

wilful ('fool), adj. governed by the 
will without regard to reason; stub- 
born; inflexible. 

will (wil), n. the faculty of the mind 
by which one chooses or determines; 
command; pleasure; divine deter- 
mination; choice; desire; feeling 
toward; legal disposition of one's 
property at death: v.i. to exercise 
the will; decree: v.t. to determine 
in the mind; command; direct; be- 
queath. 

willet ('et), n. a bird allied to the 
snipe. 

willing ('ing), adj. inclined to do or 
grant; complying spontaneous; vol- 
untary. 

will-o'-the-wisp (wil-o-£fte-wisp'), n. 
an ignis fatuus; a deceitful object 
luring to a vain pursuit. 

willow ('6), n. a tree of the genus 
Salix. 

Wilton carpet (wil'tun kar'pet), n. 
a kind of imitation Brussels. 

wily (wi-li), adj. cunning; crafty. 

wimple (wim'pl), n. a kind of silk or 
linen headcovering formerly worn by 
women, and still retained by nuns. 

win (win), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. won, p.pr. 
winning], to gain by superiority in 
a contest or competition; gain or 
obtain; bring over to one's party; 
render friendly or favorable: v.i. to 
be successful; triumph. 

wince (wins), v.i. to twist or turn as 
in pain or uneasiness; shrink; kick: 
n. the act of wincing. 

wincey (win'si), n. linsey-woolsey. 

winch (winch), n. the crank of a 
wheel or axle. 

Winchester (win'ches-ter), n. a light 
repeating rifle. 

wind (wind), n. air in perceptible 
motion; lungs; power of respira- 
tion; breath; flatulence; anything 
insignificant or light as wind; idle 
words: v.t. to ventilate; scent with 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




WINDAGE 



763 



WIRELESS TELEPHONY 



the nose, as hounds; render scant of 
breath; allow to rest, as a horse, in 
order to let him recover breath: v.i. 
(wind) to turn round something; 
twist; meander: v.t. to coil or en- 
circle. 

windage (wind'aj), n. the difference 
between the diameter of the bore of 
a gun and of a shot or shell; deflec- 
tion of a missile caused by the wind. 

windfall ('fawl), n. fruit blown down 
by the wind; unexpected good for- 
tune. 

windflower ('flou-er), n. the anem- 
one. 

windhover Chov-er), n. the kestrel. 

winding (wind'ing), n. turning; 
twisting. 

winding sheet (-shet), n. a cere- 
ment. 

windlass (wind'las), n. a horizontal 
cylinder or roller by means of which 
heavy weights, &c, are raised. 

windmill (wind'mil), n. a structure 
containing sails or contrivances to 
be revolved by the wind, thereby 
furnishing power for various uses, 
such as grinding, raising water, &c. 

windpipe (wind'pip), n. the trachea. 

wind-shield (wind'sheld), n. a framed 
glass placed in front of an auto- 
mobile to ward off the wind. 

windward (wind'werd), n. the direc- 
tion from which the wind blows: 
adv. toward the wind: adj. on the 
side toward the point from which 
the wind blows. 

windy ('i), adj. [comp. windier, su- 
perl. windiest], pertaining to, like, 
or consisting of, wind; boisterous; 
windward; exposed to the wind; 
flatulent; empty. 

wine (win), n. the fermented juice of 
grapes; liquor made from the juice 
of certain fruits; intoxication; wine 
party. 

wing (wing), n. one of the two an- 
terior limbs of a bird, or insect, by 
which it flies; anything resembling a 
wing; passage by the wing; flight; 
side of a building, army, fleet, &c; 
care or protection: v.t. to furnish 



with, or as with, wings; transport 
by flight; supply with side-pieces; 
wound in the wing: v.i. to fly. 

wink (wingk), v.i. to close and open 
the eyelids with a quick motion; 
hint by the motion of the eyelids; 
connive; tolerate: n. act of winking; 
hint given. 

winking ('ing), n. the act of shut- 
ting and opening the eyes rapidly; 
act of conniving. 

winner (win'er), n. one who wins. 

winning ('ing), adj. adapted to gain 
favor; attractive; charming: n.pl. 
money gained in any contest or game. 

winnow ('o), v.t. to separate and 
drive the chaff from (grain) by the 
wind; fan; sift or examine: v.i. to 
separate chaff from grain. 

winsome ('sum), adj. attractive; 
pretty. 

winter ('ter), n. the cold season of 
the year; period or condition re- 
sembling winter: v.i. to pass the 
winter; hibernate: v.t. to feed or 
maintain during the winter. 

winter-solstice ('ter-sol-stis), n. the 
solstice when the sun enters Capri- 
corn, about December 21. 

wipe (wip), v.t. to rub or dust the 
surface of with something soft; dry 
by rubbing; cleanse, as from abuses; 
obliterate (with out): n. act of 
cleansing by rubbing; blow or crush- 
ing repartee; the lapwing. 

wire (wir), n. a metallic thread of 
uniform diameter; telegraph wire; 
telegram: v.t. to bind, or snare, with 
wire; telegraph: v.i. to send a tele- 
gram. 

wire-binder (wir-bin'der), n. a har- 
vesting machine that cuts the grain 
and binds the sheaves with wire; 
or the mechanism that does the 
binding. 

wireless telegraphy (wir'les te-leg'- 
ra-fi), n. any form of telegraphic 
communication effected. by means of 
electricity without the use of wire 
circuits. 

wireless telephony (te-lef'o-ni), n. 
the art of telephoning without wire. 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



WIRE-PULLING 



764 



WIZEN 



wire-pulling ('pool-ing), n. secret 
influence or intrigue, especially for 
political purposes. 

wire-tapper (wir-tap'er), n. one who 
illicity intercepts telegraph or tele- 
phone messages by "tapping" the 
wire. 

wiry ('i), adj. made of, or like, wire; 
strong and flexible; lean and sinewy. 

wisdom (wiz'dom), n. knowledge 
practically applied to the best ends; 
natural sagacity; prudence; skill in 
affairs; piety. 

wisdom-tooth (-tooth), n. the name 
popularly given to the third molar 
in each jaw, appearing between the 
ages of 17 and 25. 

wise (wiz), adj. judging correctly 
from experience; possessing wisdom; 
skilful; learned; discreet; contain- 
ing, or directed by, wisdom: suffix 
denoting manner or mode of acting. 

wiseacre ('a-ker), n. a would-be wise 
person; pretender to learning. 

wish (wish), v.i. to have a strong de- 
sire: v.t. to desire or long for; ex- 
press desire for: n. strong or eager 
desire; thing desired. 

wishing-bone (-bon), n. the merry- 
thought. Also wishbone. 

wish-wash ('wosh), n. thin, weak 
liquor. 

wisp (wisp), n. a handful or small 
bundle, as of straw or hay. 

wistful (wist'fool), adj. sadly long- 
ing; pensive. 

wistiti (wis'te-te), n. the marmoset. 

wit (wit), v.i. to know: n. knowledge; 
intellect or mental faculties; sagac- 
ity; talent; ingenuity; power of 
combining ideas with ludicrous ef- 
fect; one who possesses wit; humor- 
ist. 

witch (wich), n. a woman supposed 
to have formed a compact with evil 
spirits, by whose means she possessed 
supernatural powers; sorceress; fas- 
cinating young woman: v.t. to be- 
witch; enchant. 

witchcraft ('kraft), n. the practice 
of witches;. supernatural or magical 
powers. 



witchery ('er-i), n. witchcraft; fas- 
cination. 

witch-hazel ('ha-zel), n. a shrub or 
small tree of the genus Hamamelis. 

witching, same as bewitching. 

with (with), prep, denoting nearness 
or connection: prefix meaning oppo- 
sition, departure, privation, as with- 
stand, withhold., &c. 

withal (witfi-al'), adv. also; likewise; 
in addition to. 

withe (with), n. a tough flexible twig, 
especially of willow; band of twigs 
twisted together. 

wither (witfi'er), v.t. to cause to fade 
and become dry; decay: v.i. to be- 
come sapless. 

withers (wi^'erz), n.pl. the highest 
part of a horse's back, between the 
shoulder-blades. 

within ('in), prep, inside; in reach 
of: adv. inwardly. 

withy (with'i), n. a large species of 
willow; twig: adj. flexible and tough. 

witless (wit'les), adj. stupid; without 
sense. 

witness (wit'nes), n. attestation of a 
fact or event; testimony; evidence: 
n. one who sees or has personal 
knowledge of anything; one who at- 
tests: v.t. to have direct knowledge 
of; see; give testimony to; see the 
execution of (a document) and sub- 
scribe it: v.i. to give evidence. 

witted (wit'ed), p. adj. having wit or 
understanding. 

witticism ('i-sizm), n. a witty re- 
mark. 

wittiness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
being witty. 

witty ('i), adj. [comp. wittier, superl. 
wittiest], smartly or cleverly face- 
tious; characterized by or possessed 
of, wit; satirical. 

wive (wiv), v.t. to provide with a 
wife: v.i. to marry. 

wizard (wiz'grd), n. one supposed to 
possess supernatural powers, usually 
from the Evil One; enchanter; sor- 
cerer; conjurer. 

wizen ('en), adj. dried up; shriveled: 
v.i. & v.t. to dry up or shrivel. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 






WOAD 



765 



WOOLEN 



woad (wod), n. a plant yielding a 
blue dye. 

Woden (wo'den), n. one of the gods 
of the Scandinavians; the English 
word "Wednesday" is derived from 
the name, and means "Woden's 
day." 

woe (wo), n. sorrow; grief; misery. 

woful ('fool), adj. full of, or express- 
ing, woe; sad; mean. Also woeful. 

wold (wold), n. a forest or wood; 
plain or open country: pi. a hilly 
district. 

wolf (woolf), n. [pi. wolves (woolvz)], 
a fierce carnivorous animal of the 
dog kind: hence a person noted for 
rapacity or cruelty. , 

wolfish ('ish), adj. like a wolf; rav- 
enously hungry. 

wolf's-bane (woolf s'ban), n. aconite. 

wolf's-foot ('foot), n. club-moss. 

wolverene (wool-ver-en'), n. a car- 
nivorous quadruped; the glutton. 
Wolverine. 

woman (woom'an), n. [pi. women 
(wim'en)], an adult person of the 
female sex; female attendant; wife. 

womanhood (-hood), n. the state, 
character, or collective qualities of a 
woman. 

womanish (-ish), adj. suitable to, 
characteristic of, or having the qual- 
ities of, a woman; effeminate. 

womankind (-kind), n. women col- 
lectively; women of one's household. 

woman suffrage (woo'man-suf' raj), n. 
women's right to vote. 

womb (woom), n. the uterus of a fe- 
male; place where anything is pro- 
duced; large or deep cavity: v.t. to 
breed in secret. 

wombat (wom'bat), n. a nocturnal, 
burrowing, Australian marsupial. 

wonder (wun'der), n. the state of 
mind produced by anything new, 
strange, unexpected, or surprising; 
astonishment; cause of wonder; mar- 
vel; miracle; prodigy: v.i. to feel 
wonder; be astonished at. 

wonderful (-fool), adj. exciting won- 
der; strange. Also wondrous. 

wonder-sphere (-sfer), n. a large 



silver ball inclosed in crystal, which 
reflects all the life around it, every- 
thing that comes within its range. 

wonted_('ed), adj. habitual; usual. 

woo (woo), v.t. to solicit in love; in- 
vite with importunity: v.i. to court. 

wood (wood), n. a large and thick 
collection of growing -trees; £olid 
part of trees; trunk of trees sawn 
for use. 

Woodburytype (-ber-i-tip), n. a 
photo-mechanical process for print- 
ing pictures from blocks. 

woodcock ('kok), n. a wild fowl al- 
lied to the snipe. 

woodcut (wood'cut), n. a block of. 
hard wood on which is engraved a 
design or picture. 

wooden ('n), adj. made, or consist- 
ing of, wood; produced as from 
wood; stiff; awkward; expressionless. 

woodman ('man), n. a forest officer; 
forester; one who fells timber; a 
hunter. 

woodpecker ('pek-er), n. a bird that 
taps the trunks of trees to discover 
insects. 

wood-pulp (wood-pulp), n. pulp for 
paper-making prepared by mechani- 
cal and chemical treatment of wood- 
fiber. 

woodruff ('ruf), n. an herb. 

wood-spirit (wood-spir'it), n. a very 
poisonous form of alcohol distilled 
from wood; methyl alcohol. 

woody ('i), adj. abounding in woods; 
consisting of, or composed of, or 
like, wood. 

wooer (woo'er), n. one who woos. 

woof (woof), n. the weft or .cross- 
threads in weaving; texture. 

wooing (woo'ing), adj. courting: n. 
the act of soliciting in love. 

wool (wool), n. the soft fine hair 
which covers sheep, goats, &c; fine 
fiber resembling wool; soft, thick 
hair. 

wool-gathering (-ga^'er-ing), adj. 
indulgence of idle fancies. 

woolen ('en), adj. made of wool: n. 
cloth made of wool : pi. woolen goods. 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



WOOLPACK 766 WORSHIP 

woolpack ('pak), n. a bale of wool, workhouse ('hous), n. a poorhouse; 

240 lbs. a house where convicts are confined 

woolsack ('sak), n. a sack of wool; to labor. 

the Lord Chancellor's seat in the workman (werk'man), n. a laborer; 

British House of Lords. a craftsman. 

wool-staple ('sta-pl), n. the city or world (werld), n. the earth and its 

town where wool used to be brought inhabitants; whole system of created 

to the king's staple to be sold. things; universe; present state of 

wool-stapler ( 'sta-pl er), n. a dealer existence; people generally; public 

in wool. life or society; secular life; sphere 

wootz (wootz), n. a very* fine kind of or domain; very much. 

steel imported from India, used for worldliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 

edged tools. being addicted to gain and temporal 

word (werd), n. an articulate sound, pleasures. 

or combination of sounds expressing worldling ('ling), n. one who is de- 
an idea; constituent part of a sen- voted to the pleasures and advan- 
tence; tidings; message or commu- tages of the present, 
nication; declaration; promise: pi. worldly ('li), adj. pertaining to, or 
language; speech; conversation; dis- devoted to, this life and its enjoy- 
pute: v.t. to express in words; ments and advantages, 
phrase. worm (werm), n. any small creep- 
Word, n. the Son of God; Holy Scrip- ing animal entirely destitute of feet, 
ture. or having very short ones; anything 
word-building ('bil-ding), n. the that gnaws or torments the mind; 
formation or composition of words. thread of a screw; spiral pipe in a 
worded ('ed), adj. expressed in words. still or condenser; a groveling, de- 
wording ('ing), n. the manner in based creature: v.i. to work slowly, 
which anything is expressed in secretly, and gradually: v.t. to un- 
words. dermine by slow and secret means. 
word-painting ('pant-ing), n. the worm-wheel ('hwel), n. a wheel 
description of an event, &c, in vivid, working into the spiral of a screw, 
realistic language. wormwood ('wood), n. the bitter 
wordy ('i), adj. pertaining to, con- plant Absinthium, used as a power- 
sisting of, or containing many, ful tonic; source of bitterness, 
words; verbose. worn, p.p. of wear. 
wore, p.t. of wear. worried (wur'id), adj. harassed; tired. 
work (werk), n. physical or intellec- worriment ('i-ment), n. anxiety; 
tual effort directed to some end; re- trouble. 

suit of work; labor; employment; worrisome ('i-sum), ac^. causing worry, 
duty; a production of an art or sci- worry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. worried, 
ence; causing of motion against a p.pr. worrying], to tear or mangle 
resisting body: pi. moving parts of a with the teeth; harass with anxiety 
mechanism; industrial manufactur- or care; vex or annoy; tease: v.i. to 
ing establishment; structures in civil feel or express undue anxiety: be 
or military engineering; moral du- fretful; fight, as dogs: n. harassing 
ties as external to faith: v.i. to be trouble; anxiety; perplexity, 
occupied in business or labor; per- worse (wers), adj. [comp. of bad]: n. 
form; act; be in a state of severe loss; defeat; inferior state or con- 
exertion; ferment: v.t. to make by dition: adv. bad in a greater degree, 
labor; influence or effect; excite; worship (wer'ship), n. in England, a 
manage or carry out; sew or em- title of honor used in addressing cer- 
broider. tain magistrates, especially mayors; 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



WORSHIPFUL 



767 



WRESTLE 



act of paying divine honor to God: 
v.t. to pay divine honors, or religious 
service, to; reverence with great re- 
spect: v.i. to perform acts of hom- 
age or adoration, especially religious 
service. 

worshipful (-fool), adj. claiming or 
worthy of respect or honor: a term 
of respect. 

worshiper (-er), n. one who wor- 



worst (werst), adj. [superl. of bad], 
bad or evil in the highest degree; 
most severe or dangerous: adv. 
worse than all others: n. the most 
evil or calamitous state: v.t. to get 
the advantage of in a contest; over- 
throw; defeat. 

worsted (woos'ted), n. twisted thread 
spun out of woolen yarn : adj. made 
of worsted. 

wort (wert), n. the saccharine infu- 
sion of malt which ferments and 
makes beer; an herb. 

worth (werth),n. value; price; moral 
excellence: adj. equal in value to; 
having estate or wealth to the value 
of; deserving of. 

worthily (wer'tfii-li), adv. in a wor- 
thy manner; justly. 

worthless (werth'les), adj. having 
no value, virtue, or excellence; mor- 
ally bad; contemptible. 

worthy i'thi), adj. [comp. worthier, 
superl. worthiest], having worth or 
excellence; estimable: n. a man of 
eminent worth. 

wound (woond or wound), n. a breach 
of the skin and flesh given to an ani- 
mal body by violence; hurt; injury; 
v.t. to make a wound in; lacerate; 
injure; hurt the feeling of: p.t. & 
p.p. of wind (wound). 

wrack (rak), n. seaweed cast ashore; 
ruin; destruction; a thin, flying 
cloud. 

wraith (rath), n. the supposed ghost 
of a person in his exact likeness seen 
immediately before, or at the time of 
his death [Scotch]. 

wrangle (ran'gl), v.i. to dispute an- 



grily or noisily: n. an angry or noisy 
dispute. 

wrangler Cgler), n. one who wran- 
gles; an angry or noisy disputant, 

wrap (rap), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wrapped 
(wrapt), p.pr. wrapping], to roll or 
wind together; cover with something 
rolled around; involve; conceal by 
enveloping: n. a wrapper, shawl, or 
rug. 

wrapper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, wraps; that in which any- 
thing is inclosed or wrapped; loose 
over or upper garment. 

wrasse (ras), n. a bony, brightly col- 
ored fish of the genus Labrus. 

wrath (rath), n. violent anger; in- 
dignation. 

wreak (rek), v.t. to execute in ven- 
geance or passion ; inflict. 

wreath (reth), n. anything curled or 
twisted; garland or chaplet. 

wreathe (re^), v.t. to twist into a 
wreath; intertwine: v.i. to be inter- 
woven. 

wreck (rek), n. the destruction of a 
ship by being driven ashore, or on a 
rock, &c; ruins of a ship so destroy- 
ed; remains of anything ruined; 
destruction: v.t. to destroy or cast 
away, as a ship, by violence; ruin 
or destroy. 

wreckage ('aj), n. remains of a 
wrecked vessel; act of wrecking; 
state of being wrecked. 

wrecker ('er), n. one who plunders, 
or causes, wrecks; one who removes 
the cargo from a wrecked vessel. 

wren (ren), n. a small insessorial 
bird. 

wrench (rench), v.t. to wring or pull 
with a twist; strain: n. a violent 
twist; sprain; instrument for exert- 
ing a twisting strain. 

wrest (rest), v.t. to twist, wrench, or 
force from by violence; distort; turn 
from its natural meaning; pervert: 
n. violent pulling or twisting; per- 
version. 

wrester ('er), n. one who wrests. 

wrestle (res'l), v.i. to contend, by 
grappling with, or striving to trip or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



WRESTLER 



768 



WYCLIFITE 



throw down, another ; strive earnest- 
ly: n. the act of one who wrestles; 
struggle. Also wrestling. 

wrestler ('ler), n. one who wrestles. 

wretch (rech), n. a des'picable or 
worthless person; one sunk in the 
deepest woe. 

wretched ('ed), adj. miserable; un- 
happy; sunk in deep misery or woe; 
worthless; of miserable quality or 
character. 

wriggle (rig'l), v.i. to twist to and 
fro: v.t. to move by, or as by, wrig- 
ling : n. a wriggling motion. 

wriggler (ler), n. one who wriggles. 

wright (rit), n. one occupied in some 
mechanical operation; artificer; car- 
penter [Scotch]. 

wring (ring), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wrung, 
p.pr. wringing], to twist; turn and 
strain; force or compress; extort: 
n. a forcible twist. 

wringer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, wrings. 

wrinkle (ring'kl), n. a small ridge or 
furrow on a smooth surface; crease; 
useful hint or idea: v.t. to form or 
cause wrinkles; crease: v.i. to be- 
come wrinkled. 

wrist (rist), n. the joint uniting the 
hand to the arm. 

wrist-reflex (rist re'fleks), n. an in- 
voluntary jerk of the wrist caused by 
tapping the tendons, to test muscu- 
lar and nervous conditions. 

writ (rit), n. anything written; a 
written document to enforce obedi- 
ence to an order of a court of justice. 

write (rit), v.t. [p.t. wrote, p.p. writ- 
ten, p.pr. writing], to form with a 
pen or similar instrument on paper, 
&c; express in writing; engrave; 



produce, as an author: v.i. to form 
letters with the pen; send letters; 
compose books. 

writer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, writes; clerk or amanuensis; 
author; journalist. 

writhe (nth), v.t. to twist with vio- 
lence; pervert: v.i. to contort the 
body. 

writing (rit'ing), n. the act of form- 
ing letters with a pen, &c. ; composi- 
tion, manuscript, or book; legal in- 
strument. 

written (writ'n), adj. reduced to 
writing. 

written law (law), n. statute law. 

wrong (rong), adj. not morally right; 
false; unjust; mistaken; not fit or 
suitable; incorrect: adv. unjustly; 
erroneously. Also wrongly. 

wrongful ('fool), adj.^ contrary to 
moral law or justice; injurious. 

wroth (rawth), adj. much exasper- 
ated. 

wrought (rawt), p.t. & p.p. of work. 

wrought-iron ('I-ern), n. malleable 
iron; iron capable of being welded. 

wry (ri), adj. distorted; twisted; 
turned to one side; perverted; false; 
showing distaste, disgust, impa- 
tience, &c. 

wryly ('li), adv. in a wry manner. 

wryneck ('nek), n. a migratory bird, 
allied to the woodpecker: a distorted 
neck. 

wryness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being wry or distorted. 

wych (wich), n. a brine pit. 

Wyclifite (wi'klif-it), n. one who be- 
lieves in the tenets of John Wicklif, 
the first translator of the Bible 
into English. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



X 



X, the twenty-fourth letter of the 
English alphabet; an algebraic sym- 
bol indicating an unknown quantity ; 
a chemical symbol indicating xenon; 
in the wireless telegraphic code 
represents a false signal. 

xanthein (zan'the-in), n. the yellow 
coloring matter of certain plants and 
flowers; a whitish powder, allied to 
uric acid, obtained from urine or 
guano. Also xanthin. 

xanthic ('thik), adj. tending to a 
yellow color. 

Xanthippe (zan-tip'e), n. a scolding 
woman: from the termagant wife of 
Socrates. 

xantho, a prefix, meaning yellow, as 
xanthoc&rpous: adj. having yellow 
fruit. 

xanthophyll ('tho-fil), n. the yellow 
coloring matter of withering leaves. 

xanthous ('thus), adj. yellow; not- 
ing races having brown, flaxen, or 
Fred hair and blue eyes. 

xebec (ze'bek), ^ n. a small three- 
masted vessel with lateen and square 
sails. 

xenia (ze'ni-a), adj. the immediate in- 
fluence of pollen on the fruit, as when 
corn of a white-eared strain produces 
ears bearing yellow kernels, proving 
pollenation by a yellow-eared race. 

xenium (ze'ni-um), n. in ancient 
Greece, a present given to a guest 
or foreign ambassador. 

xeno, (a prefix, meaning a stranger, as 
zenogenesis, heterogenesis. 

xenobiosis (zen'o-bi-o'sis), n. a form 
of communal life among ants when 
two colonies of different species live 



together on friendly terms for mutual 
protection or benefit. 

xenon (ze'non), n. a newly discover- 
ed gas, associated with argon. 

xenoparasite (zen-o-paf a-slt), n. a 
parasitic fungus that can grow on 
its host plant only when the host 1 
is injured or diseased. 

xerasia (ze'ra/si-a), n. a disease of 
the scalp, characterized by dryness. 

xeres (zer'es), n. sherry. 

xeroderma (ze-ro-der'ma), n. a dis- 
ease of the skin characterized by 
dryness. 

xerophthalmia (-rof-thal'mi-a), n. 
abnormal dryness of the eyeball, ac- 
companied by redness and irritation. 

xerostatic (ze-ro-stat'ik), adj. grow- 
ing under practically uniform con- 
ditions of dryness of soil and climate. 

xero tropic (ze-ro-trop'ik), adj. in- 
duced by sudden change from moist 
to dry conditions of climate and soil. 

xiphoid (zl'foid), adj. sword-shaped. 

X-rays (eks'raz), the Roentgen rays. 

xylo, a prefix, meaning wood. 

xylobalsamum (zi-lo-bal'sa-mum), n. 
a balsam obtained from the dried 
wood of the balsam-tree. 

xylogen ('lo-jen), n. lignin. 

xylograph ('lo-graf), n. an engraving 
on wood; an impression from such 
an engraving. 

xylographic (-graf'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to xylography or wood engrav- 
ing. 

xylography (-log'ra-fi), n. the art or 
process of making prints from the 
natural grain of wood; a kind of 
decorative painting on wood. 

xyloid (zi'loid), adj. like wood. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(769) 






XYLOIDIN 



770 



XYSTOS 



xyloidin (-loid'in), n. an explosive 
compound produced by the action of 
nitric acid on starch. 

xylonite ('lo-nit), n. a kind of com- 
pressed gun-cotton, resembling ivo- 
ry, used for making various articles, 
as combs, &c. 

xylophone ('lo-f on) , n. a musical in- 
strument consisting of a graduated 



series of wooden bars, and sounded 
by means of small wooden hammers. 

xyster (zis'ter), n. a surgical instru- 
ment for scraping bones. 

xystos ('tos), n. a long covered por- 
tico for athletic exercises. Also 
xystus. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




Y 



Y, the twenty-fifth letter of the Eng- 
lish alphabet; a chemical symbol for 
yttrium; an algebraic symbol for the 
second of two unknown quantities, 
x being the first. 

yacca-wood ('a-wood), n. the wood 
of atree of Jamaica, used for cabi- 
net-work. 

yacht (yot), n. a light and quick- 
sailing vessel used for pleasure or 
racing: v.i. to sail or cruise about 
in a yacht. 

yachting ('ing), adj. pertaining to a 
yacht: n. the practice of sailing a 
yacht. 

yachtsman (yots'man), n. [pi. 
yachtsmen ('men), ] the owner or 
sailer of a yacht. 

yahoo (ya-hoo'), n. a savage: from 
the race of brutes in "Gulliver's 
Travels." 

yak (yak), n. a kind of ox. 

yak-lace ('las), n. a coarse lace. 

yaksha ('sha), n. a Hindu gnome. 

yam (yam), n. a large edible tuber of 
various climbing plants of the genus 
Dioscorea. 

yank (yangk), v.t. to jerk or twist: v.i. 
to work cleverly and pushingly: n. 
a jerk or twist. " 

Yankee ('e), n. the popular name of 
New England Americans: used gen- 
erally for citizens of the United 
States : adj. pertaining to, or charac- 
teristic of, citizens of the United 
States. 

Yankee-Doodle (-doo'dl), n. a pop- 
ular melody of the United States. 

Yankeeism (-izm), n. a Yankee id- 
iom, practice, or custom. 

yanking ('ing), adj. active; pushing. 



yanolite (yan'o-lit), n. a kind of gar- 
net. 

yap (yap), v.i. [pi. & p.p. yapped, 
p.pr. yapping], to yelp or bark, as a 
dog: n. a yelp or bark. 

yapock (yap'uk), n. a South American 
aquatic opossum. 

yapon (yaw'pun), n. a kind of holly, 
the leaves of which are used as tea; 
South Sea tea. 

yappy (yap'i), a. inclined to yelp or 
bark. 

yard (yard), n. a standard measure 
of length = 3 ft.; a long piece of 
timber on a mast for spreading 
square sails; an enclosure adjoining 
or attached to a house, or where 
some manufacture is carried on. 

yard-arm (yard'arm), n. one of the 
two ends of a ship's yard. 

yardstick (yard'stik), n. a measur- 
ing stick of three feet in length. 

yarn (yarn), n. spun thread; one of 
the threads of a rope; a sailor's 
story, especially one of doubtful ve- 
racity: v.i. to tell a story. 

yataghan (yat'a-gan), n. a dagger- 
like, double-curved saber. 

yaw (yaw), v.i. to steer wildly; devi- 
ate from the right course: said of a 
ship; rise in blisters or white froth. 

yawl (yawl), n. a light, decked, two- 
masted boat; jolly-boat: v.i. to 
howl. 

yawn (yawn), n. an involuntary open- 
ing of the jaws through drowsiness, 
&c: v.i. to gape involuntarily. 

yawp (yawp), same as yelp. 

yclad (e-klad), adj. clothed. 

ycleped ('klept), adj. called. Also 
yclept. 



fite, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(771) 



YEAN 



772 



YOLK. 



yean (yen), v.t. & v.i. to lamb. 

yeanling ('ling), n. a lamb. 

year (yer), n. the period during which 
the earth makes one complete revolu- 
tion round the sun (36534 days) : pl- 
age; old age. 

yearbook (yer'book), n. a book pub- 
lished at the end of the year, filled 
with statistics and information re- 
garding the preceding twelve months. 

yearn (yern), v.i. to feel an earnest 
desire; be filled with eager longing 
or desire. 

yeast (yest), n. the barm or ferment 
of beer or other liquor in fermenta- 
tion; froth; any preparation for 
raising dough. 

yeasty ('i), adj. pertaining to, like, 
or containing, yeast. 

yeggman (yeg'man), n. a burglar; a 
safe-blower. 

yelk, same as yolk. 

yell (yel), n. a sharp, discordant cry, 
as of agony: v.t. to scream: v.i. to 
utter a sharp, discordant cry. 

yellow ('o), adj. of a bright, pure 
color resembling gold; jaundiced. 

yellow book, n. official name of a col- 
lection of diplomatic messages is- 
sued by France just before the Euro- 
pean war of 1914. 

yellow-fever (fe'ver), n. a dangerous 
fever often epidemic in hot countries 
along the coast, where sanitary rules 
are not observed. 

yellowish ('ish), adj. somewhat yel- 
low. 

yelp (yelp), v.i. to utter a sharp 
bark: n. a sharp bark. 

yeoman (yo'man), n. [pi. yeomen 
('men) 1, in England a man pos- 
sessed of a small landed estate; 
farmer; freeholder; an officer of the 
Royal household; in the United 
States navy, a petty officer in charge 
of stores. 

yeomanry (-ri), n. yeomen collective- 
ly; volunteer cavalry. 

yerk (yerk), v.t. to jerk; thrust sud- 
denly; lash [Scotch]: v.i. to kick: 
n. a sudden, smart thrust. 

yes (yes), adv. yea: opposed to no. 



yesterday ('ter-da), n. the day last 
past; recent time: adv. on the day 
last past. 

yew (yoo), n. a large evergreen tree 
of the genus Taxus: adj. pertaining 
to yew trees. 

yewen ('en), adj. made of yew. 

Yiddish (yid'ish), n. a kind of com- 
posite language spoken by foreign 
Jews in England. 

yield (yeld), v.t. to submit; produce; 
concede: v.i. to assent; comply; give 
way; cease opposition; give a return 
or produce: n. product; return. 

yielder ('er), n. one who yields. 

yielding ('nig), adj. inclined to give 
way or comply; accommodating: n. 
the act of producing; submission; 
compliance. 

yl, a suffix, meaning basis: used as a 
characteristic termination of chemi- 
cal radicals. 

yield-point (yeld'point), n. the 
amount of load or stress that will 
produce permanent injury through 
deformation or rupture of a ductile 
material, as a steel or iron girder. 

Y-level (wi'lev-el), n. an instrument 
for measuring heights and distances. 

yodel, same as jodel. 

yogi (yo'ge), n. one of a -religious 
order in India, popularly supposed 
to have occult powers; an ascetic. 

yojan Cjan), n. in the East Indies, a 
measure of length = 5 miles. 

yoke (yok), n. a piece of hollowed 
timber for connecting two draught 
oxen together; a frame of wood fitted 
to a person's shoulders for carrying 
a pail, &c, suspended to each end; 
bond, tie, or link; pair or couple; 
service; mark of slavery; bar at- 
tached to the rudder-head to which 
the steering lines are fastened: v.t. 
to join together; couple; place a 
yoke upon; enslave; confine. 

yokel (yo'kl), n. a rustic. 

yolk (yok), n. yellow part of an egg; 
vitellus, the oily secretion from the 
skin of a sheep which renders the 
wool soft and pliable. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hat; 'think, then. 




YOM-KIPPUR 



773 



YUL-TIDE 



the 



Yom-Kippur (yom-kip'er), 

Jewish day of atonement. 
yonder (yon'der), adj. at a distance, 

but in view: adj. being at a distance, 

but in view. Also yon. 
yore (yor), adv. an old time; long 

ago. 
young (yung), adj. being in the early 

part of life or growth; inexperienced; 

not matured; raw; vigorous; fresh; 

pertaining to youth; of youthful 

appearance: n. offspring collectively. 
youngish ('ish), adj. somewhat 

young. 
youngster ('ster), n. a young per- 
son; lad. 
younker Cker), n. a young fellow; 

stripling. 

yourts (yoorts), n. the underground 
dwellings of the Eskimo. 

youth (yooth), n. [pi. youths 
(yooths)], early life; a young per- 
son; young persons collectively; 
condition of being young. 

youthful ('fool), adi, pertaining to 



youth or the early part of life; 
fresh; vigorous. 

yowl (youl), n. a howl: v.i. to howl 
or yell. 

yucca (yuk'a), n. a sub-tropical Amer- 
ican plant characterized by its stiff 
lanceolate leaves; Adam's needle. 

yufts (yufts), n. a kind of Russian 
leather. 

yufu (yu'foo), n. a crude fabric made 
from the bark of the paper-mulberry 
tree. 

yuga (yoo'ga), n. according to the 
Hindu belief one of the four ages of 
the world. 

yulan (yoo'lan), n. a Chinese flower of 
the magnolia species; a species of 
magnolia with snow-white flowers. 

Yule (yool), n. Christmas. 

Yule-log Clog), n. a large block of 
wood formerly put upon the hearth 
on Christmas eve to form the basis 
of the Christmas fire. 

.Yule-tide ('tfd), n. Christmastide. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boom 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



z 



Z, the twenty-sixth and last letter of 
the English alphabet. An algebraic 
sign for a third unknown quantity, 
x and y standing for the other two. 

zaim (za'im), n. a Turkisk military 
chief. 

zamang (za-mang y ), n. a huge legu- 
minous tree, the sweet pulpy pods of 
which are used for feeding cattle. 

zamouse (za-moos'), n. a West Afri- 
can buffalo, with hair-fringed ears 
and without a dewlap. 

zany (za/ni), n. a buffoon; merry- 
andrew. 

zaptiah (zap'ti-a) n. a Turkish po- 
liceman. 

zealot (zel'ot), n. an enthusiast; fa- 
natic. 

Zealot, n. one of a fanatical sect of 
Jews which carried on a desperate 
struggle with the Romans until the 
fall of Jerusalem (70 A.D.). 

zealous ('us), adj. ardent in the pur- 
suit of an object; enthusiastic. 

zebec, same as xebec. 

zebra (ze'bra), n. a wild animal of 
Africa of the genus Equus, with 
black and white stripes; a wood 
much used in cabinet-making. 

zebu ('bu), n. the Indian ox or cow, 
with long pendulous ears, and large 
prominent hump on the shoulders. 

zechstein (zek'stm), n. magnesium 
limestone. 

zeeman effect (ze'man ef-fekt), n. 
a distortion of spectral lines due to 
the influence of a magnetic field on 
the source of light, as discovered by 
Prof. Zeeman of Amsterdam. 

Zeitgeist (tsit'gist), n. the spirit of 



the age; world-spirit of the times 
the intellectual trend of the period 

zenana (ze-na-na), n. in India, that 
part of a house reserved exclusively 
for women. Also zanana. 

Zend (zend), n. the Iranian language 
of ancient Persia. 

Zend-Avesta (-a-ves'ta), n. the sa- 
cred writings of the Zoroastrians 
ascribed to Zoroaster. 

zendik ('dik), n. in the East, a name 
for an unbeliever. 

zenith (ze'nith), n. the point in the 
heavens directly over the head of the 
spectator; greatest height. 

zeolite (ze'6-llt), n. an extensive 
group of minerals, consisting of hy- 
drated silicates; so called from their 
frothing when under the blowpipe. 

zephyr (zef'er), n. the west wind; 
soft, gentle breeze. 

Zeppelin (zep'e-lin), n. a dirigible, 
passenger-carrying airship, named 
after its inventor, and used in the 
European war of 1914 for dropping 
bombs. 

zero (z'ro), n. a cipher; nothing; 
neutral point (°) between any as- 
cending or descending scale or series; 
the theoretical point, at 272 degrees 
of the Centigrade scale, at which 
temperature ceases to exist, is called 
the absolute zero. 

zest (zest), n. relish; keen enjoyment. 

zeugma (zug'ma) , n. a figure in gram- 
mar by which a verb, adjective, or 
other part of speech, relating to 
one noun is referred to another. 

Zif (zif), n. the second month of the 
Jewish ecclesiastical year (part of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon> 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

(774) 



ZIGZAG 



775 



ZOOCURRENT 



May-June) and eighth of the civil 
year. 

zigzag (zig'zag), adj. having short, 
sharp turns: n. something with 
short, sharp turns. 

zimb (zimb), n. a dipterous insect re- 
sembling the tsetse. 

zinc (zingk), n. a bluish-white metal. 

zincic (zin'sik), adj. pertaining to, or 
containing, zinc. Also zincky, zinky, 
zinckic. 

zincode (zingk'od), n. the negative 
pole of a voltaic battery. 

zincography (-og'ra-fi), n. the art of 
drawing upon, or printing from, zinc 
plates. 

zincoid ('oid), adj. zinc-like. 

Zingaro (thing-ga/ro), n. Spanish 
term for gipsy. 

zingel (zing'el), n. a perch found in 
the Danube. 

zinkenite (zingk'en-it), n. a steel- 
grey mineral, a sulphide of antimony 
and lead. 

Zion (zl'un), n. a hill in Jerusalem, 
the royal residence of King David 
and his successors: hence the 
Church of God. 

Zionism (-izm), n. a project for the 
reestablishment of the Jews as a na- 
tion in Palestine. 

zither (zith'er), n. a stringed musical 
instrument, consisting of a sounding 
box and 28 to 31 strings. 

zoanthropy (zo-an'thro-pi), n. a land 
of mania, in which the patient be- 
lieves himself to be transformed into 
an animal. 

zodiac ('di-ak), n. an imaginary 
broad belt in the heavens, contain- 
ing the 12 constellations or signs of 
the zodiac which the sun traverses 
annually. 

zodiacal (-di'a-kal), adj. pertaining 
to, or situated within, the zodiac. 

zodiacal light (lit), n. a luminous 
tract of the sky of triangular shape, 
its base being on the horizon: seen 
in the evening at twilight, and be- 
fore dawn. 

zoetrope ('e-trop), n. an optical in- 
strument by means of which figures, 



&c, on a circular card appear to 
be in active motion when viewed 
through slots in the upper side. 

zofra ('fra), n. a Moorish carpet. 

zoidogamous (zo-i-dog'a-mus), adj. 
fertilized by motile male cells com- 
parable to those of animals, ?s in 
case of certain flowerless plants. 

Zolaism ('la-izm), n. excessive real- 
ism in the literary treatment of the 
worse side of human life or nature: 
from Emile Zola, the French realis- 
tic novelist. 

zollverein (tsol'fer-in), n. the Ger- 
man customs union, formed 1827 and 
further extended in 1867 to estab- 
lish uniform rates; a customs union. 

zonal (zo'nal), adj. pertaining to or 
formed of, a zone or zones. 

zone (zon), n. one of the 5 great belts 
into which the surface of the earth 
is divided with respect to latitude 
and temperature; that belt or dis- 
trict within which certain animal or 
plant forms of life are confined: a 
girdle or belt: v.t. to encircle with, 
or as with, a zone. 

zoned (zond), n. wearing a belt or 
girdle; having zones; striped. 

zone-plate (zon 'plat), n. a plate con- 
sisting of alternate series of opaque 
and transparent concentric rings 
which brings light to a focus by 
diffraction. 

zonophone (zo'no-fon), n. a kind of 
phonograph record. 

zoo, a prefix meaning animal, as zoo- 
chemistry, animal chemistry. 

zoo (zoo), n. a park or other large in- 
closure in which Jive animals are 
kept for public exhibition; zoolog- 
ical garden. 

zoocentric (zo-o-sen'trik), adj. relat- 
ing to the theory that the world was 
intelligently designed as the home 
of conscious beings. 

zoo chore (zo'o-kor), n. a plant dis- 
seminated with the aid of animals, 
as when burrs are carried in the wool 
of a sheep. 

zoocurrent (zo'o-kur-ent), n. an 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, mergfymet; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hf.i, hut; think, tai. 






ZOOGENE 



776 



ZYMOLOGY 



ocean current carrying living or- 



zoogene (zo'6-jen), adj. of animal 
origin, as coral islands, or beds of 
limestone. 

zoogenic (zo'o-jen'ik), adj. of animal 
as distinguished from vegetable, 
origin. 

zoogenous (zo-oj'e-nus), adj. of ani- 
mal origin; acquired by man from 
the lower animals, as in case of cer- 
tain diseases. 

zoogeography (zo-o-je-og'ra-fi), n. 
the study of the geographical dis- 
tribution of animals. 

zoogloea (-o-gle'a), n. a mass of 
bacteria inclosed in a viscous, 
gelatinous substance. 

zoography (-og'ra-fi), n. the descrip- 
tion of animals, their forms and 
habits. 

zooid ('oid), n. an animal in one of 
its inferior stages of development; 
an individual of a compound or co- 
lonial animal organization. 

zoolatry (-ol'a-tri), n. animal-wor- 
ship, 

zoological (-6-loj'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to zoology. 

zoologist (-ol'6-jist), n. one skilled in 
zoology. 

zoology (-ol'o-ji), n. that part of bi- 
ology that treats of animals, their 
structure, classification, habits, and 
distribution. 

zobmechanics (zo-o-me-kan-iks), n. 
the theory that all vital processes 
are explicable in terms of matter 
and motion. 

zoomorphism (-mor'fizm), n. the 
representation of a deity in the form 
or with the attributes, of an animal. 

zoon ('on), n. an animal which is the 
sole product of a single ovum. 

zoophilist (-of'i-list), n. a lover of 
animals. 

zoophysiology (-o-nz-i-ol'o-gi), n. 
physiology of the lower animals. 

zoophyte ('o-fit), n. an animal of low 
organization, bearing some external 
resemblance to a plant. 



zoosperm ('o-sperm), n. the male 

seed-cell. 
zoospore ('o-spor), n. the active 

spores of certain algae endowed with 
motion by means of ciliated processes. 

zootomist (-ot'o-mist), n. a compara- 
tive anatomist. 

zootomy ('o-mi), n. the dissection or 
anatomy of animals. 

zorilla (zo-ril'a), n. a kind of skunk. 

Zoroastrianism (-izm), n. the reli- 
gious system, contained in the Zend- 
Avesta, said to have been founded 
by' Zoroaster, the legislator and 
prophet of ancient Persia. 

zouave (zoo-av') n. a soldier of a 
light infantry corps of the French 
army, wearing an Arab dress. 

zuchetto (tsoo-kat'6), n. a skull-cap 
covering the tonsure and worn un- 
der the biretta. Also zuchetta. 

Zulu (zoo'loo), n. one of the war- 
like tribe of Kaffirs, north of Natal. 

zumbooruk (zum'boo-ruk), n. a 
small swivel cannon fired from the 
back of a camel. 

Zuni (zoo'nye), n. one of a tribe of 
Pueblo Indians of New Mexico. 

zweibund (tsvl'boont), n. a dual 
alliance of nations. 

zwieback (tsve'bach), n. a form of 
bread baked in crisp slices. 

zygoma (zi-go'ma), n. the cheek- 
bone. 

zygomorphous (zig-6-m6r'fus), adj. 
shaped like a yoke. 

zygote (zl'got), n. the living product 
of the union of two germ cells wheth- 
er animal or vegetable. 

zygotic (zi-gotik), adj. relating to 
zyotes or fertilized egg-cells. 

zymic (zim'ik), adj. produced by fer- 
mentation. 

zymocyte (zi'mo-sit), n. a micro-or- 
ganism that produces fermentation. 

zymogen (zi'mo-jen), n. any sub- 
stance that by internal changes gives 
rise to a ferment. Also zymogene. 

zymology ('o-ji), n. the doctrine of 
fermentation. Also zumology. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ADDITIONAL HELPS 



TO 



The Study and Use of 
To-day's English 



IV It ORE than, a list of words is needed 
-**▼-■■ by those who wish to keep pace with 
the growth of our language. The preceding 
vocabulary is the newest and most usable 
list of words and word information to be 
found in any Dictionary. 

Added to this, the following pages contain 
dramatic accounts of how our language 
grew, stories of word building, a section de- 
voted to information daily used, and a classi- 
fied Supplementary Dictionary of sporting, 
technical, professional and political terms. 



777 



CONTENTS 



Abbreviations, Classical 832 

Abbreviations, Most Common. 912 

Address, Forms of ■__ 895 

Americanisms 804 

Atomic Weights 808 

Automobile, The 809 

Aviation 813 

Baseball 817 

Canada, Census 1011 

Christian Names 822 

Commerce and Law 836 

Congressional Eepresentation — 1004 

Earth, Facts about the 1020 

.Etymology 793 

Everyday Allusions 854 

Everyone His Own Weather 

Prophet / 1019 

Evolution of English Diction- 
aries - 779 

Flowers, Language of 1018 

Flowers, State 1023 

Football 878 

Foreign Coins, Value of ._ 1017 

Foreign Words and Phrases — 882 



Forms of Address 895 

Golf 899 

Lacrosse 902 

Lawn Tennis 905 

Metric System 1021 

Military and Naval Terms 908 

Music 939 

National Parks in U. S. 1024 

Noted Characters in Literature 943 

Photography 957 

Polo 961 

Practical Syntax 788 

Principal Cities of the United 

States 1005 

Punctuation 798 

Bank of the States 1003 

Standard English 784 

State Names 964 

Time and Its Variations 1022 

United States, Census 1002 

Wireless Telegraphy 965 

Words of Like and Opposite 

Meaning 969 

Yachting _ 998 



778 



THE EVOLUTION OF ENGLISH DICTIONARIES 



By JOHN C. ROLFE, Ph.D. 

Professor in the University op Pennsylvania, Member op the 
National Academy op Social Science 



The Dictionary is our most general and most helpful book of reference. 
Few homes are without some one of its manifold forms, and it is appealed to 
as an authority on the correct spelling of words, their pronunciation, and their 
exact shades of meaning. In the larger dictionaries, and to some extent in 
their abridgements, we expect to find also the derivation of words, as well as a 
certain amount of encyclopedic information, frequently made clearer by ap 
propriate illustrations. There is commonly^ an Appendix too, containing a 
variety of miscellaneous information, judiciously selected and conveniently 
arranged. In short, if one were for any reason limited to a single book of ref- 
erence, one's choice would ordinarily, and quite naturally, be the Dictionary. 

The evolution of so convenient and comprehensive a manual has been the 
result of a long process of development, extending over many centuries. Its 
course is marked by a relatively small number of epoch-making works, each of 
which held the field, directly or indirectly through revisions and imitations, 
for long terms of years. Like so many other of our institutions, its origin and 
growth cannot clearly be understood without going back to those peoples to 
whom we owe so much that they must always hold a prominent place in any 
Bounded ucational system, the Greeks and Romans., 

The name "dictionary," from dictionarius (liber) or dictionarium, origi- 
nally meant a "word-book." It had as rivals numerous other terms, such as 
lexicon (the Greek form of "word-book"), glossary, vocabulary, and the like. 
Its victory over all of them has been so complete, that "dictionary" is not only 
the most common designation of a word-book, but is extended to other hand- 
books alphabetically arranged, such as dictionaries of antiquities, of quota- 
tions, of biography, and similar works. Even the alphabetical order, or "dic- 
tionary order" as it is sometimes called, which seems to us so obviously the best, 
had a long contest with the arrangement by subjects or classes, and was not 
universally adopted until toward the end of the sixteenth century. The 
alphabetical arrangement itself passed through various stages, beginning with 
lists of words having the same initial letter but not otherwise differentiated, 
passing to lists alphabetized by the first two letters, and culminating in our 
present system. * 

Dictionaries are in general of two kinds: those in which the words of one 
language are defined in terms of another, and those in which the words of a 
language are explained or defined in the same tongue. The former become 
necessary when foreign languages are studied, the latter when a speech has 
reached such a stage of development as to contain words which are not readily 
understood by the general public. 

The first word-books were the glossaries used by the Greek schoolboys of 
the fifth century before our era, to master the meanings of the obsolete and 
poetic words in their national reading-book, the poems of Homer. These 
glossaries were gradually expanded and amplified until Philetas of Cos, who 

779 



The Evolution of English Dictionaries 

lived between 325 and 265 B. C., compiled what might be called the first Ho- 
meric Lexicon. As time went on, other special lexicons were made, and finally, 
toward the end of the first century of our era, the first general Greek Diction- 
ary was begun by Zophyrion and completed by Pamphilus of Alexandria. 

Similar educational conditions existed among the Romans, and the glos- 
saries made to explain unfamiliar words led at last to the great dictionary of 
Verrius Flaccus, of the time of Augustus. This lexicon was so large that it was 
twice abridged, by Festus and Paulus Diaconus. Only the latter has been 
preserved, along with some portions of the earlier epitome of Festus. Verrius 
illustrated the meaning and use of words by quotations, which give the work 
its principal value for modern scholars, and also introduced some encyclopaedic 
matter. It will be seen that much of the ground gained in the course of so 
many centuries was lost during the Dark Ages, and that our English dic- 
tionaries practically began again at the beginning and passed through the same 
stages of growth, although at last they far outstripped their prototypes in the 
ancient world. 

After lexicography had lain dormant for some time, it was given a fresh 
impulse by the Revival of Learning and the use of Latin as a means of com- 
munication among educated men of different nationalities. Vocabularies be- 
came necessary, which at first explained the meaning of words in simpler Latin, 
but tended more and more to use the vernacular. In England the making 
of such word-books began between 600 and 700 A. D., but their development 
was retarded for more than three centuries by the Norman conquest, since 
it was not until the close of the fourteenth century that English finally gained 
the ascendancy over French and became the recognized language of the 
schools. 

The period which followed the victory of the mother tongue is marked by 
the appearance of a great number of Latin-English word-books, not yet called 
dictionaries, but bearing various fanciful titles, such as Medulla Grammatices, 
or "Marrow of Grammar," Ortus (i. e. Hortus) Vocabulorum, or "Garden of 
Words," and the like. A second stage is represented by the Promptorium Par- 
vulorum, the "Children's Storehouse," which contained about 10,000 English 
words with their Latin equivalents. The first work of the kind to be termed a 
"Dictionary" was that of Sir Thomas Elyot, Knight, issued in 1538. The num- 
ber of Latin-English and English-Latin lexicons is very large and they show 
a consistent improvement. Space does not permit an enumeration even of 
those of epoch-making importance; it may merely be remarked that owing to 
the high demands made by the modern science of lexicography, we have as 
yet no dictionary either of Greek or of Latin which is regarded as adequate. 
In the case of Latin the deficiency is gradually being supplied by the Thesaurus 
Linguae Latinae, published with the support of five great Academies of Germany 
and Austria. The printing of this mammoth work began in 1900, and it has 
so far covered the first four letters of the alphabet. 

The next forward step was made by Richard Howlet, whose Abecedarium, 
issued in 1552, besides giving the Latin equivalents for a large number of Eng- 
lish words, also gave English definitions of some of the more difficult terms. 
Next, the dying out of Latin as a means of communication led to a more gen- 
eral study of the modern languages. Dante had long since made an appeal for 
greater attention to Italian in his De Vulgari Eloquio, but it was not until the 
early part of the sixteenth century that Dictionaries of English in connection 
with a modern language were put forth. One of the earliest was the Esclarcisse- 
ment de la Langue Francoyse (1530), which was soon followed by dictionaries 
of Spanish and Italian, and shortly afterwards by a polyglot lexicon in eleven 
languages, called the Ductor inLinguas, or "Guide into Tongues." 

780 



The Evolution of English Dictionaries 



Dictionaries of Greek, Latin and the modern foreign languages had an 
obvious practical purpose, but the necessity for an English dictionary did not 
suggest itself until the end of the sixteenth century, when it was brought to 
mind by the introduction into our tongue of many learned or "book" words, 
the meaning of which could not be grasped in the ordinary way, but required 
definition by specialists.^ Thus English dictionaries had in the beginning the 
same aim as the glossaries of the Greeks and Romans; that is, the definition 
of the "hard" words of the language. 

This is explicitly set forth in the title of Robert Cawclrey's Table Alpha- 
beticall of Hard Words, published in 1604, in which he explains the meaning of 
about 3,000 such terms. His work passed through three editions and then 
gave place to the English Expositor, or Exposition of Hard Words, of John Bul- 
lokar (1616). A new departure was made by the English Dictionary of Henry 
Cockeram (1623), which consisted of three parts. The first contained the 
"hard" words with their definitions, but the second gave a list of ordinary 
words provided with their learned equivalents, thus enabling the ambitious 
and industrious to substitute^ elegant and high-sounding terms for those cur- 
rent in every-day life, and so improve their style and conversation. The third 
part ^ furnished an explanation of the classical, historical and mythological 
allusions met with in literature, besides giving information about important 
personages, marvellous animals, and the like. 

In 1656 aGlossographia, an explanation of obscure legal terms, was published 
by Thomas Blount, who enlivened the sober annals of the science by his con- 
troversy with Edward Phillips, declaring that the latter's New World of Words 
and Nomothetes were clumsy plagiarisms of his own books. But the general 
tendency was to add more and more of the common words of the language.. 
A series of dictionaries by Coles (1677), Cocker (1704), and Kersey (1708) 
continued this good work, and finally, in 1721, Nathaniel Bailey issued his 
Universal Etymological English Dictionary. This was the first work of the kind 
to aim at a complete collection of all the words of our mother tongue, a step 
made necessary by the special attention which was given to etymology. For 
while the editor did not consider it essential to give a common word like "cat" 
a fuller definition than "a creature well known," the derivation of all words 
was equally important. Bailey's work at once proved popular and went through 
a number of editions. In that of 1731 he marked a further advance by indi- 
cating the proper accentuation of the words. His Dictionary also included 
many legal and technical terms, as well as "the Etymology and Interpretation 
of Proper Names of Men and Women and Remarkable Places in Great Britain." 
In 1730, with the help of several specialists, Bailey brought out his folio edi- 
tion, into which he introduced diagrams and proverbs. An interleaved copy 
of this edition formed the working basis for Johnson's Dictionary. 

Dr. James A. H. Murray has pointed out in his Romanes lecture of 1900 
that many of these dictionaries owed their existence to the needs of women, 
whose educational advantages were less than those of men, a fact which is given 
quaint expression in their dedications and title-pages. Cockeram's book, for 
example, announced its purpose as being that of "enabling as well as Ladies 
and Gentlewomen . . . as also Strangers of any Nation to the understanding of 
the more difficult authors already printed in our language, and the more speedy 
attaining of an elegant perfection of the English tongue, both in reading, speak- 
ing, and writing," while Blount's Glossographia was dedicated to the use of 
"the more-knowing Women and less-knowing Men." 

Bailey had many rivals and competitors, who followed the same general 
plan, among them Dyche and Pardon (1735), B. N. Defoe (1735) and Benja- 
min Martin (1749). The next step in advance was prompted by a feeling 

781 



The Evolution of English Dictionaries 

among literary men and booksellers of the need for a "standard dictionary," 
the purpose of which should be to "fix the language" and prevent its deteriora- 
tion. This erroneous conception of the nature of speech was not confined to 
England, but the example had already been set by the Accademia della Crusca 
in Italy and the Academie francaise. The latter had in fact published a dic- 
tionary, the fruit of t^ enty years of preparation and forty of labor, from which 
all technical terms were rigidly excluded, as well as all other words which did 
not receive the stamp of academic approval. We now realize that such a no- 
tion is a perverted one, and that a dictionary should be an inventory of the 
language and not a "Who's Who?" of diction. At the time, however, the plan 
met with general approval, and in 1747 a syndicate of London booksellers con- 
trac'ed with Samuel Johnson to produce such a book within three years for the 
consideration of 1500 guineas. Johnson thereupon addressed a memorial on 
the ' Plan of a Dictionary of the English Language" to Lord Chesterfield, in the 
hope of securing his patronage for the enterprise. It was not until Johnson 
had nearly completed his great task that the noble lord paid any attention to 
the matter, and then his tardy aid and encouragement were rejected by the 
indignant lexicographer. The work had in fact taken eight years and a half, 
and the greater part of the stipend had been exhausted in the pay of six 
amanuenses and in other incidental expenses. 

The feature which made Johnson's Dictionary epoch-making was the 
attention given to the historical development of the language and the illus- 
tration of the uses of words by well-selected quotations. These quotations 
were entirely supplied by the editor and were for the most part made from 
memory; but though frequently not verbally exact, they are almost always 
sufficiently so to be entirely adequate to their purpose. Johnson also prided 
himself on his etymologies, but his original contributions in that fine have gone 
the way of the greater number of those which preceded the modern days of 
scientific etymology. There are some definitions in Which the editor allowed 
his sense of humor or his personal feelings to get the better of strict accuracy 
and literary decorum. Thus he defines a lexicographer as "a maker of dic- 
tionaries, a harmless drudge," and a pensioner as "a Slave of the State, hired 
by a stipend to obey his master." • Other well-known examples are oats, whig, 
tory, and excise, which is said to be a "hateful tax, levied upon commodities 
and adjudged not by the common judges of property, but by wretches hired by 
those to whom the excise is paid. w His work was not free from errors, but he 
in part disarmed criticism in his Preface by freely admitting their possibility. 
He was true scholar enough to acknowledge his slips, and when a lady once 
asked him how he came to define pastern as "the knee of a horse," he replied, 
"Ignorance, Madam, pure ignorance." 

The value of Johnson's work was immediately recognized and it passed 
into a second edition within a year. It was some forty years, however, in wholly 
supplanting Bailey's Dictionary and others of that type; but it finally became 
the standard and held the field for many years. 

The next feature to be added to our dictionaries was the systematic and 
accurate indication of pronunciation. Bailey and Johnson had indicated the 
proper accentuation of words, but had made no further attempt to show their 
sounds. This was first done by William Kenrick (1773), who was followed in 
1780 by Thomas Sheridan, father of the famous dramatist. In 1791 John 
Walker, a former actor and lecturer on elocution, issued his Critical Pronouncing 
Dictionary, which became as great an authority on pronunciation as Johnson 
was on-definition and quotation. Except for this addition, the efforts of lexi- 
cographers for many years after the publication of Johnson's Dictionary were 
confined to attempts to supplement and perfect that work. It was reprinted 

782 



The Evolution of English Dictionaries 



aed revised many times, the best edition being that of the Rev. H. J. Todd 
(London, 1818), which is not yet wholly superseded. 

The first to enter into competition with Johnson by making an indepen- 
ndnt work was Charles Richardson, whose New Dictionary of the English Lan- 
guage (1837) was based upon the theory that definition was a subordinate 
matter and illustration by quotation the essential thing. The result was an 
extremely valuable repertory of passages from the best writers from 1300 
down to his own time, but the plan of the work prevented it from being a popular 
success. 

Meanwhile the first great American lexicographer, Noah Webster (1758- 
1843), had begun a series of dictionaries which culminated in the American 
Dictionary of the English Language. This work was based upon a new and 
extensive collection of material, and as the name implies, was an American 
dictionary, introducing words which had hitherto been regarded as provincial 
and illustrating usage By quotations from American as well as from British 
writers. He did not even confine himself to the best authors, believing that 
"language was an instrument not so much of literature as of daily association." 
He gave elaborate rules for spelling and pronunciation and in various appen- 
dices, as well as in the definitions o? certain words, he included much encyclo- 
pedic matter. The work appeared in several editions during its author's life- 
time, and was continued after his death by his son-in-law Chauncey Allen 
Goodrich (1790-1860), and later by Noah Porter (1811-1892), President of 
Yale College. For many years the supremacy of Webster's Dictionary in 
America was disputed by that of Joseph Emerson Worcester (1784-1865}, who 
differed from Webster on many points of spelling and pronunciation, as well 
as in treating the language objectively rather than didactically. The victory 
in the "war of the dictionaries" seems to have rested with Webster, although 
his etymologies, which were the least successful part of his work, have been 
generally discarded, while many of the characteristic features of the book ^ hay e 
been modified or dropped. It still bears the name of its founder, but in its 
title American has given place to International. 

The final step in English lexicography is represented by the New English 
Dictionary on Historical Principles, the publication of which began at Oxford 
in 1884 and is now nearing completion. Its aim is to record the full history of 
every word which has ever existed in our language during the last 800 years, 
with its proper spellings, pronunciation, etymology and definitions, and with 
quotations illustrating its usage. 

This monumental work is purely a word-book, without encyclopedic matter. 
The latter feature was given special prominence by John Ogilvie in his English 
Dictionary, Technical and Scientific, first published in 1850 and afterwards in 
several editions, finally appearing as the Imperial Dictionary of the English 
Language. This work has had a profound influence on all our dictionaries 
except the New Oxford, all of which contain a greater or less amount of ency- 
clopedic material and a profusion of illustrations. 



STANDARD ENGLISH 



By PERCY W. LONG, A.M., Ph.D. 

Instructor in English in Harvard University, Secretary of the 

American Dialect Society, of the Editorial Staff of 

Webster's New International Dictionary, Etc. 



The choice of words, among the many thousands which are available for 
general use, marks, better than any other criterion, the range of one's com- 
mand of the resources of a language. For although accuracy in pronunciation 
serves, as a rule, to distinguish the educated from the uneducated, and to gain 
for them that recognition which is accorded to persons sensitive to the finer 
elements of culture, it is among such persons a token of intellectual distinction 
to find at the right moment the right word, showing in this nicety of adjust- 
ment a precision of idea and a command of the means of expression beyond 
what is common. So much is not demanded of the majority of moderately 
educated men; to them the use of the standard language is a matter, not of 
artistic proficiency, but of everyday correctness. And the importance of this 
correctness is obvious to the business man as well as to the student in so far 
as it concerns his own social and commercial life. What is usually less obvious 
is its importance to the community; that is to the nation, or more generally 
the several countries which in common speak the English language. The 
great convenience of a language which encircles the globe and is understood 
from Alaska to Capetown would be seriously diminished if the great agencies 
of our common culture, the schools, the pulpit, the newspapers, and the dic- 
tionaries, did not labor incessantly to keep in check the little variations which 
tend to disintegrate our common heritage. Local peculiarities of pronuncia- 
tion, local innovations in words and new meanings attached to the old words 
would in no long time establish a variety of dialects such as those of Italy, 
where the peasant from near Naples cannot converse with his countryman of 
Venice unless through an artificial literary language acquired in school. 

From some such variety of dialects the English standard language arose at 
the time of Chaucer and of Wyclif's translation of the Bible. Since that time, 
though in England the dialects have maintained tbemselves among the illiter- 
ate, a clear tradition established by the court, the church and the universities 
has been disseminated throughout the masses of English-speaking people. 
To this tradition it is encumbent on those who wish to speak and write well to 
conform. 

The court of appeal to which the average individual must resort in case of 
doubt is the dictionary. But the consulter of the dictionary should recognize 
that its function — at any rate in recent times — is not to legislate regarding 
usages. Dr. Johnson, indeed, did so. But his celebrated dictionary of 1755 
represented a movement initiated in the group of Swift, Addison, and Pope 
to compose a dictionary which should fix in one perfect form forever an unal- 
terable English language. Many scholars then believed, and all now know, 
that even greater recognition than the following which Johnson secured among 
American as well as English authors, could not stay the flux of language. Even 
the Roman rhetorician Quintilian had recognized that fashions in words must 

784 



Standard English 



change. The dictionary therefore records what is in good use now. Its sources 
are the great conservative centers of intellectual authority — the educational 
world, the pulpit, and distinguished authors. To these in Europe, notably in 
England and Germany, may be added the spoken language of classical and 
serious modern drama. That no one of these constitutes an ideal guide results 
from the inevitable intellectual and temperamental variations to which indi- 
vidual professions are subject. The pedantry of the schoolmaster contrasts 
with the simple emotional appeal of the actor; the wit of a keen editorial would 
not become the decorum of the cloth. As in the well-educated man almost 
any one of the elements that go to make up education may be lacking, so in 
the speaker or writer of good English individual virtues and vices of language 
distinguish the real from the ideal. 

Yet certain principles of choice will keep one from going far wrong. One 
should use in language that sense of refinement which checks one from con- 
spicuousness or eccentricity in clothes and in conduct. To say that one should 
be unobtrusive is good advice only to those who cannot excel. But in seeking 
to excel one should avoid the outlandish, using only such language as good sense 
warrants. # Long words which call attention to themselves are rarely in good 
taste. This is as much as to say that language should be adapted to the hearers, 
to the audience and to the occasion. An address concerning a coal strike de- 
livered at a Bostonian the dansant would not serve for miners in their shirt 
sleeves. Without citing extremes, everyone will recognize the difference between 
formal occasions, such as public lectures, and informal, when a simpler range 
of words and certainly a simpler form of sentences would alone be in keeping. 

Often in conflict with this principle of adapting language not only to the 
temperament but to the intelligence of those about one, a principle of even 
greater importance should controlone bent on acquiring command of language 
—that of seeking to express one's idea with precision. Often to convey an idea 
with clearness will require a phrase, when to express it exactly requires but a 
word, because the specific word does not come to mind or because the audi- 
ence cannot be trusted to comprehend its meaning. The "provenience of sei- 
centismo concetti" serves for some one hundred words not of an elaborately 
technical character, but should be used only in addressing truly erudite persons. 
The very citation of such a phrase emphasizes the supreme importance of sim- 
plicity as a means to clearness. And yet undeviating allegiance to simplicity 
would leave everyone in the language of childhood. A compromise between 
such simplicity and an endeavor to carry upward the standard of one's envi- 
ronment is truer taste than the safer nonchalance of negative unobtrusiveness. 

Regarding less these general principles of choice in the tenor of one's 
language, certain criteria for individual words have been formulated by rheto- 
ricians. It should be observed that not all words are necessarily, because they 
are in the dictionary, good words. On the contrary, many are labelled colloquial 
or slang or -archaic. Nor does the dictionary necessarily ban other words, 
sometimes rarely used or highly technical, which it would not be advisable 
to publish. Many a word formed with the prefix un or the suffix ly it would 
be quite legitimate to coin without express authority. Careful observance of 
i etymology in order to prevent formation of hybrids is here the main requisite. 

Of the words which come to us from unaccredited sources, Americans 
are peculiarly exposed to the influx of foreign words, creating in local centers 
temporary mixed languages which permanently affect in various small ways 
the speech of districts. Especially difficult to avoid is the influence on pronun- 
ciation. A standard American pronunciation, enforced throughout our schools 
as a counter to the growing individualization of the northeast, southeast, and 
west, would do more to resist this tendency than individual efforts can hope 

Die. 62 * W 



Standard English 



L°» o^St? tn B wf cannot ^^ fu f e .-^vor; we must say 
tch. But any large iX'x of W?™ P^nounce <rot« as (ray or cAira/ry with 
for serious Tfficulfy £ Sd^Mg" "^ W ° U ' d g ° fUrther; rt ™">d make 

fbwStaSfe^ite s e pri"h d o e f ci n^ n h tim H e - / or time - « 

memory, One JTE* ^^^&^&SE^~ 

"Be not the first by whom the new are tried 
Nor yet the last to lay the old aside." 

™^Pe^ g use the words ^ and auto- 

not done so as yet. On the otheT hand \ <ZZ ltS 1t y t0 u g °° d repute ' Jt ha * 
o^m^ 

writ i«^S^ when a 

conspicuouf TnTeneral ^converlatio^n^ 8* "fig"** but certainly more 
of indiscriminatirulg sling WlfiS nlf t" 6 sh H n S-° ff «W> » that 
sional use of a slang term when it S , y Pedantry will deprecate the occa- 
ing, a regard fo. dlfini™n"s S ™n ^ thlnkW^n ° nV T a SP u 6Cific bought or f eel- 
tionof afewstockSesaseouanv^!; M c ? nd . emn th e meaningless itera- 

from which we have norwhal2nJ • h»t t^ Sim ^u °, ld French n ™ ™ «**>, 

as disconcerted fa^Xstdt Xbat "/ ""** "*"' fi ° kIe ragb ' e > 

from c4im d o a n d thrsSoTbeing fl^^*"" which are exem P' 
still alien; and (3) beneath a re„3i 2 f ° ° ld c 0r c to0 new -' < 2 > to ° Ioc al or 
chosen group must be distinguish^ twn.fi "/refinement. But within this 

sally and one only to «3^ra,m, n^if 868 ° f te ™f : ° ne to be used unive r- 
words. General wordTii this Je^f £? <& "*- y ' ffF 1 and technical 
people and embrace relit "eh ' LtTfew toon^n M? ""i/Vif « en ««lj* "' 
main this article has been confined TWhnwi ' *2 whlch ! h ° w ever, in the 
be recognized by few not snSlv int Sf ^ ?a l^° rd l'. to the contrary, will 
game, science, or crlft with whiJh ?„ ^ ™ the S , ubject matter ° f th e art, 
served an Sample Su^h word en & are J™ ved. . ewfes in chess wili 
of the particular |roup whichtoly serv^ U " d bU * SpamgIy Unless to P ers ° ns 
cism, w^^^Sn^^jr,^^T^^ "TP* fr0m Criti " 

— atingitsJS^^^^^^ 



but even 



Standard English 



mt even more in the use of such intensive expressions as very or less common 
incremental adverbs. Similar to this vice of hyperbole, though of more various 
character, is the tendency to use frequently qualifying words which modify 
the positive content of one's statements. Such an expression as of course 
when, if it be of course the statement need not be made, and when if it be not 
the expression is at best an irritating form of flattery, should be avoided. No 
doubt often implies actually the existence of doubt. Or, one's expression over- 
states and must be qualified, indicating original inability to achieve precise 
expression. This reveals poverty of vocabulary. 

Within the compass of individual words not infrequently there exists a 
considerable choice, where several meanings of a word are still well known. 
Dainty is an instance; whether to apply it to a person of fastidious habits or 
to a thing palatable or otherwise agreeable to such a person. But applied to 
the person it may concern appearance or manner or tastes. There is, chiefly, 
a danger of too greatly extending the meaning of a word by confusion with some 
other through close association. This type of error, called "impropriety," or 
"malaprop," from Mrs. Malaprop in the "School for Scandal," is well illus- 
trated by her own saying^ "I'll precede along after you." Close akin to it are 
such solecisms as that which arise commonly in the misuse of liable for likely. 
One may be liable to arrest for overspeeding, and yet not likely to be arrested. 
Liable usually accompanies a noun, likely a verb. Another instance is the con- 
fusion between due and owing. This error arises from using due as if it also 
were a participle. 

Among the correct uses of a word, it was once widely maintained that the 
primary or original meaning of a wordjs that toward which one should incline. 
Ruskin especially was addicted to resuscitating the original significance. This 
conservative tendency, so long as it avoids eccentricity, makes for stability. 
But its fundamental inapplicability appears in such a word as passion, which 
then must be used to denote "suffering," as occasionally it still does ("the 
passion of our Lord"); or in the word take, which originally meant "to give." 
A better principle for choosing is to use those meanings only which are widely 
intelligible, and of those that one which no other word conveys so deafly. 
Among synonyms choose the meanings which are least synonymous. This 
makes for clearness. Avoid the error of the schoolboy who wrote: "One fine 
day we took a nice drive up and got an elegant view." < 

As to the extent of his vocabulary, it were better not to inquire. The 
well-educated person uses from two to five thousand words; exceptionally 
gifted authors rarely double that number. And yet the acquisition of a yocabu- 
larv, which is so highly commended in Professor Palmer's Self Cultivation 
in English, is no great task if one were to resolve upon his advice to acquire 
regularly and use two new words a week. Ability to choose words rests upon 
the ready command of many, just as lapses into error usually arise from com- 
mand of too few. Therefore to enlarge the vocabulary best makes for the at- 
tainment and spread of standard English. 



787 



PRACTICAL SYNTAX 



By FORREST S. LUNT, M.A. 

Instructor of English, Horace Mann School. Teachers College, 
Columbia University 



It is the purpose of this article to present to the general reader in a bries 
and somewhat informal manner the more common principles of syntax. The 
historical phase of syntax is not presented. The clientele to which such a 
volume as this will appeal will find the following discussion of syntactical 
relationships of practical value. 

When we express our thoughts in ordinary conversation we generally 
take little thought of the relation the words we are using bear to each other. 
What we mean to say is brought out clearly and vividly, as much by the tone 
of voice, inflection, facial expression, body gestures, and manner, as by the 
words themselves. But when we set our thoughts down in written form we are 
without these valuable aids of voice and manner to make clear what we are 
trying to say. Our thoughts must be understood because the relations which 
exist between the various parts of our sentences are clear. If the relations 
between the parts of our sentences are *not clear, or if they do not follow the 
generally accepted rules governing syntactical relations, the thoughts we are 
trying to express will not be understood. 

Good usage, common practice, society — whatever you will — has decided 
what is good form, what is proper, in this field of syntax, just as it has 
in the fields of morals, etiquette, or fashions. Therefore the man or woman 
who has occasion to set his thoughts down in writing should observe the com- 
mon practice, the universally understood rules which govern the relationship 
of words. If he fails to do so, or if he attempts to make his own rules, he will 
be considered as outside the pale of cultured, educated people. From this it 
will be seen that the ability to construct sentences properly is hardly less 
important than the power to speak. 

The term used when referring to this relation which must exist between 
the various parts of sentences is Syntax. As has been said, Syntax involves 
the observance of established rules in the correct arrangement of words in good 
use. This phase of syntax is known as Grammar. In languages which are 
highly inflected the relations between the words is shown by the inflections. 
The Englih language is not highly inflected, having lost most of its inflected 
forms; the relations between the words in English sentences is shown by their 
grammatical order. The normal order of the words in English sentences is: 
first, the noun, with its modifiers; then the verb with its modifiers. The adjec- 
tive modifiers of a noun usually follow it. In the case of verbs the modifiers 
may come before or after the verb. The modifiers of both the nouns and the 
verbs should be placed near to the words they are intended to modify. 

All sentences may be divided into three general forms, namely : 

(a) The simple sentence, which consists of one subject and one predicate, 
as The boy runs. In such a sentence boy is the subject, runs is the predicate. 

(6) The compound sentence, which consists of two or more clauses of equal 
yalue, joined by a co-ordinate conjunction, as "The way was long and the day 

788 




Practical Syntax 

was cold." Here the clause the day was cold is equal in value to the way was 
long, and is joined to the first clause by the co-ordinate conjunction and. 

(c) The complex sentence, which contains a main or principal clause 
and one or more subordinate clauses joined to the main clause by a subordinate 
conjunction, as The boy ran when he heard the bell. The main clause is the boy 
ran; the subordinate clause is when he heard the bell; the subordinate con- 
junction joining the two clauses- is when. These three definitions classify all 
the sentence forms. 

Every sentence requires a subject; this subject is said to be in the nom- 
inative case. It answers the question Who? or What? and the predicate or verb 
asserts something about it. The subject of a sentence may be either a noun or 
a pronoun or other word, phrase, or clause which may take the place of a noun 
or pronoun. 

Illustrations: 1. Mary plays with her doll. Mary, a proper noun, is the 
subject of plays. 2. He went home. He, a personal pronoun, is the subject of 
went. 3. To give aid is a great privilege. To give aid, an infinitive phrase, is the 
subject of is. 4. Swimming is good exercise. Swimming, a verbal noun, is the 
subject of is. 5. That the man knew his business was evident to all. That 
the man knew his business, a noun clause, is the subject of was. 6. The wicked 
are punished. Wicked, an adjective, is the subject of are punished. 7. Now 
is the time to strike. ^ Now, an adverb, is the subject of is. 

When one noun is used to explain or to describe another noun it is said to 
be in Apposition with that noun; and they are always put in the same case. 
Illustration: Mr. Smith, the minister, has gone abroad. The noun minister 
describes the Mr. Smith referred to and is in the nominative case to agree 
with Mr. Smith, which is the subject of the sentence. 

The nominative case has additional uses. The verb to be and verbs of a like 
nature such as seem, become, look, etc., take two nominatives, one for a subject 
and the other to complete their meanings. Examples: The king is a great man. 
Man, a nominative, completes the meaning of the copula is. She looks every 
inch a queen. Queen, a nominative, completes the predicate looks. A noun and 
an adjective or a noun and an adjective phrase or a noun and a participle, not 
connected with any other words in the sentence are put in the Nominative 
Absolute. Illustration: The bridges having been burned, the convicts were 
unable to escape. The bridges having been burned is the Nominative Absolute. 

Other Uses of Nouns 

When a noun denotes ownership, it is said to be in the Possessive Case. 
The possessive is the only case in English denoted by a separate form. The 
possessive singular is formed by adding the apostrophe and s to the singular: 
e. g., cat, cat's; Dickens, Dickens's. The possessive plural is formed by adding 
apostrophe s to the plural if it does not end in s; e. g., men, men's; children, 
children's. If the plural form ends in s, the possessive adds only an apostrophe, 
e. g., dog, dogs'. . . ., 

When a noun is the object of a verb, verbal, or of a preposition, it is said 
to be in the objective case. Illustration: John built the house. House is in the 
objective case because it completes the meaning and receives the action of the 
verb built. The man taking the picture is my uncle. Here picture^ is in the 
objective case because it completes the meaning and receives the action of the 
participle taking. The boy of honor will not steal. In this sentence honor 
is in the objective case because it is the adjunct of the preposition of. 

There are some peculiar uses of the objective which should be mentioned. 
One is the use of the objective as the indirect object, or as the object of the 
preposition to, expressed as understood. 

789 



Practical Syntax 

Another peculiar use of the objective should be noted in the adverbial 
use of the objective case to denote time, measure, and distance. Illustration: 
He stayed in Rome two weeks. Two weeks is in the objective case because it 
denotes time. The retained object will be treated under the government of 
verbs. 

Pronouns 

Pronouns must agree in person, number and gender with the nouns for 
which they stand. In the sentence John lost his book, his is a personal pro- 
noun of the third person, singular number, and masculine gender to agree with 
the proper noun John, for which it stands. The personal pronouns are: I, you, 
he, she and it. 

Sometimes doubt arises as to which case of the personal pronoun one should 
use after parts of the verb to be. The nominative case is the correct one, al- 
though the objective is growing in common usage. Right: It is f. It is he. 

The possessive case of the pronoun and also of the noun should be used 
before a gerund. (The gerund is a verbal noun which still retains its power 
of governing a noun.) Illustration: We heard of his writing a novel. In such 
sentences the possessive must be used, not the objective. 

The relative pronouns are who, which, what and that. These pronouns have 
a double function, that of conjunctions and pronouns combined. As con- 
junctions they may be either co-ordinating or restrictive. Some writers insist 
that who cannot be restrictive, but others insist that it may be used either way. 
Which may also be either, but that is practically always restrictive. Illustra- 
tions: I wrote a check for James, who went home. This is the same as saying: 
I wrote a check for James and he went home. Here who is a co-ordinating 
conjunction. The street that you crossed is West End Avenue. That limits a 
particular street and is, therefore, restrictive. 

Who is the only relative pronoun which has different case endings. Who 
is used when referring to persons, which to things, and that may be used of 
either person or things. A very common error is the use of the nominative 
case who for the objective whom and vice- versa. Illustration: The woman 
who (whom) I thought was honest deceived me. Who must be used instead 
of whom because it is the subject of was. Who (whom) did they say won? 
Who must be used because it is the subject of won. The man whom (who) 
you saw is Mr. Blank. Whom must be used because it is the object of the 
verb saw. 

As is sometimes used as a relative pronoun and must be mentioned. .It 
is used after same, such, so much, etc. Illustrations: Harry was working along 
the same lines as his father. This is equivalent to saying, Harry was working 
along the same lines that his father was working along. 

Before ' leaving pronouns, the adjective pronouns must be mentioned. 
Each other is used when two or more than two are referred to; e. g., They 
fought each other for standing room. Each other may refer to any number here. 
One another is used when only two are referred to; e. g., John and James played 
with one another when they were children. Any is almost always treated as 
plural. Anyone is usually used for the singular. Illustrations : Are any of you 
going to the matinee? Has anyone a pencil? The pronoun any must not be con- 
fused with the adjective any. 

Adjectives 

In Old English, adjectives agreed with the noun which they modifi< 
in number, gender and case. This agreement has long been discarded. No 1 
the only two adjectives that agree in any way with the nouns they mo<*" 
are this and that, which still retain their plural forms these and those. 

790 



Practical Syntax 

Some adjectives have three degrees, the positive, the comparative, and the 
superlative. Examples: Good is the positive degree. It is used in speaking of 
one person or thing; e. g., John is a good boy. Better is the comparative degree 
which is used when but two things are compared; e. g., John is better than 
Jack. Best is the superlative degree. It is used when three or more things are 
compared, e. g., Of all the boys in the neighborhood, John is the best. Some 
adjectives are compared by adding er and est to the positive, as, dark, darker, 
darkest; high, higher, highest. There are other adjectives which are compared 
by adding more and most to the positive degree: as, beautiful, more beautiful, 
most beautiful; cruel, more cruel, most cruel. The distributive adjectives 
each, every, either and neither go with the singular nouns only. 

The definite article the and the indefinite articles a and an are probably 
used more than any other words. The is not usually repeated before each of 
two or more modifiers of a noun unless emphasis is desired. Illustrations: 
The big black cat is dead. _ The cat was the biggest and blackest cat I ever saw. 

The is called the definite article because it points out one particular object. 
A and an are called indefinite because they do not point out any particular 
object, but limit any one of a class of things. They are sometimes repeated 
or emphasis before each of a series of nouns; e. g., He was a thief, a forger, 
nd a murderer. 

Verbs 

The relation of a verb to its subject has already been discussed. When 
a sentence has a collective noun such as mob, fleet, cavalry, crowd, or com- 
mittee for a subject, that regards many units as one, syntax requires a singular 
verb. Illustrations: The mob is coming. The fleet is ready to sail. The 
committee is ready to make its report. If the subject consists of two or more 
singular nouns joined by or the singular verb is used. If these nouns are joined 
by and the plural form of the verb is used. If the subject is plural in form but 
singular in meaning, a singular verb is used; e. g., Thirty years is a long time 
to wait for a fortune. 

Verbs are either transitive or intransitive. Transitive comes from the Latin 
word transire, which means to go over. Therefore, a transitive verb is one 
which requires an object to receive the action expressed and to complete its 
meaning. An intransitive verb does not require an object to complete its 
meaning. A transitive verb in the active voice governs its direct object in the 
objective case; e. g., John likes his dog. Dog is in the objective case because 
it completes the meaning of the verb and receives its expressed action. A verb 
is said to be in the active voice when the subject is represented as acting upon 
the object. The passive voice is that form of the verb which represents the 
subject as being acted upon; e. g., The apple was eaten by Mary. Some trans- 
itive verbs, such as giving, faying, promising, etc., govern the direct object, 
which is also in the objective case. 

Factitive verbs, verbs of making, when active are transitive and take two 
objects; one the direct object and the other the second or factitive object. 
Some writers call the latter an object complement. An object complement 
is a word added to an incomplete verb to complete its meaning. If the verb 
is transitive, the complement often defines the action that is exerted upon 
the direct object. Illustration: They made him foreman. Foreman is the sec- 
ond object or object complement; it completes the act performed upon him. 

Some transitive verbs which have two objects retain one of them when 
they are changed from active to passive voice. This object is called the re- 
tained object. Example: (active voice) He gave me the house; (passive voice 
with the retained object) I was given the house. 

791 



Practical Syntax 



When two or more clauses in a sentence are dependent upon a principal 
verb, all the verbs must be arranged in a proper sequence of tenses to convey 
the true meaning of the sentence. Example: The man went home after the 
boy came. Went is in the past tense, so came must be in" the past or past per- 
fect tense, because that action occurred before the man went. ^ 

In simple sentences care should be taken to use the proper tenses of verbs 
to express the time intended to be expressed. Some common errors are the 
use of come for came; seen for saw; done for did; drug for dragged; and had 
went for had gore. A verb mav govern another verb if the second verb is an 
infinitive. Example: We heard her sing. Sing, the infinitive, is the object of 
heard, with her for its subject. The subject of an infinitive is always in the 
objective case. 

Participles, although they are adjectives, retain their verbal power of 
governing nouns or pronouns. Example: The girl playing the piano is my 
sister. Piano is governed by playing. t 

Adverbs 

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Illustration: The 
old man walked slowly. Slowly modifies walked. The sun was very bright. 
Very modifies the adjective bright. The fox ran so swiftly that the dogs could 
not catch him. So, an adverb, modifies another adverb swiftly. Adverbs 
should be placed as close as possible to the words which they modify. Some 
adverbs, like adjectives, have three degrees, the positive, comparative, and 
suoerlative, and are compared as adjectives are. Illustration: Marv sewed 
rapidly. Mary sewed more rapidly than Jane. Mary sewed most rapidly 
when alone. 

Prepositions 

Prepositions govern nouns and pronouns in the objective case. Prepo- 
sitional phrases may be used as adverbs or adjectives; e. g., John went to 
Boston. To Boston is a prepositional phrase modifying the verb went. The 
Madonna of the Chair is a famous painting. Of the Chair is a prepositional 
phrase modifying the noun Madonna. 

The following is a partial list of special prepositions which require special 
attention: Agree with (a person) ; agree to (a proposal) ; change for (a thing); 
change with (a person) ; differ from (a statement or opinion) ; differ with (a 
person) ; different from. For a complete list consult a good grammar. 

Conjunctions 

The main co-ordinate conjunctions, those which join clauses of equal value 
are: and, also, as well as, but, or, yet, still, and the correlatives which go in 
pairs or groups of three, as: both — and, not only — but, 7 either — nor, either — or, 
etc. Care must be taken always to use vor with neither and or with zither. 

Some of the subordinate conjunctions are while, when, since, if, because, 
and whenever. 

Syntax shows the agreement and government between the various parts 
of speech. The foregoing discussion is but a brief presentation of the syntax 
of English sentences. For a complete discussion, consult some good English 
grammar. 



792 



ETYMOLOGY 

By CLARK S. NORTHUP, Ph.D. 

Department of English, Cornell University 



Definition 

We shall here interpret the term etymology to mean a study of the sources 
of our vocabulary, the elements of words, the causes of change in the form 
and meaning of words, and the principles of derivation. 

The Sources of Our Vocabulary 

The English vocabulary has grown to great size. The number of words 
found in extant Old English literature does not exceed thirty thousand; Web- 
ster's New International Dictionary (1910) lists more than four hundred 
thousand. Most of these are of foreign origin. Of the 14,286 words listed 
in Skeat's Etymological Dictionary, only -about four thousand are native 
words. Yet if we count every word on the page as often as it occurs we find 
that most writers use mainly English words. Shakespeare used 90 per cent; 
the English Bible, 94 per cent; Milton, 81 per cent; Addison, 82 per cent; 
Tennyson, 88 per cent. Most of our shortest and simplest words are native. 

If any language comes into close contact with another, there is likelihood 
of word-borrowing. English is one of the most cosmopolitan of languages. 
From the French it began to borrow even before the Norman Conquest; after 
that, as intercourse with France increased, it borrowed heavily from both Nor- 
man and Parisian French. Layamon's Brut (c. 1200) has 150 words of French 
origin. Behrens lists some 1,250 words borrowed before 1250, of which 64 
belong to religion and the church, and 28 to war and chivalry. The romance of 
King Alexander (before 1300) has over 760 words of French origin. Many 
Spanish and Italian words have also come in as a result of commercial activity. 

Another large group of borrowings is from the Latin. Because of its use 
as the language of the church, Latin was familiar to the educated classes, and 
even in OE. times contributed about fifty words, including apostle, clerk, 
deacon, evangelist, martyr, mass, patriarch, pope, prophet, tunic. A few Latin 
words were borrowed from the Britons themselves (-caster, -cester, -Chester, 
from castra, "a camp," lake, mount, mile, port, wall, -wick, wine, possibly -coin 
in Lincoln, street). In ME. times, because of the influence of Latin 
literature, more words were borrowed, many coming from the Vulgate. Latin 
has continued to be, down to our times, the language of men of science, in 
which Bacon wrote his Novum Organum, Copernicus his De Orbium Cckstium 
Revolutionibus, and Linnseus his Systema Naturce. It has been estimated that 
about four-fifths of all borrowed words in English come from French and 
Latin. Of Skeat's 14,286 words, about eight thousand are of Latin and 
Romance origin. 

The number of words coming from Greek is small, though important. From 
the Continent the Angles brought church and devil. Down to modern times 
Greek words came in only through Latin. Since the Renaissance, Greek has 
contributed many scientific words; indeed, owing to the influence of Latin and 
Greek, English has nearly lost the power of coining words out of native ele- 

793 



Etymology 

ments. We speak not of a "sound-writer," but of a phonograph; not of a 
"force-measure/ 1 but a dynamometer. 

Then there is a large Scandinavian element. As is well known, in the 
eighth and ninth centuries, Danish invaders overran northeastern England. 
With the gradual amalgamation of Danes and Angles came the introduction 
of many Danish words, e. g., bask, churn, club, skin, kill, dream, "vision," -by 
in place names, thwaite, thrust, tidings, tight, call, law, they, take, hit, knife. 
Most Danish borrowings belong to our everyday vocabulary. 

A small number of words comes from Celtic sources. In OE. times 
were borrowed bannock, brat, brock, -comb in place names, down, "hill," dun 
(color), mattock, possibly rock and slough; in later times, from the Irish, bog, 
brogue, gallowglass, glib, "lock of hair," kern, "soldier," shamrock, shanty; 
from the Scotch Gaelic, cairn, claymore, clan, coronach, crag, gillie, glen, mack- 
intosh, pibroch, slogan, Tory, whiskey; from the Welsh, bragget, coracle, crom- 
lech, crowd (musical instrument), flannel, flummery, maggot. 

From other languages we have borrowed a considerable number of words: 
e. g., Dutch, derrick, frolic, jerkin, mumps, plug, skipper; Persian, bazaar, 
divan, mogul, shawl, orange, pajamas, arsenic; Hebrew, bedlam, cherub, seraph, 
shekel, rabbi, camel, elephant; Arabic, alkali, emir, harem, mohair, sheik, sherbet, 
sofa; American Indian, hickory, hominy, moccasin, moose, skunk, toboggan. 
Some words from these sources are used in a religious connection; others have 
been derived from commerce. There is hardly a language spoken on the earth 
that has not contributed something to our vocabulary. 

Finally, we have many hybrid words, derived from two or more sources. 
Macadamization is Gaelic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French. Cablegram is French 
and Greek. Linseed is Latin and English. Michaelmas is French (from He- 
brew) and Latin. 

The Elements of Words 

In general it may be said that simple words are composed of roots (the most 
primitive forms of words), prefixes, and suffixes. The combination of a root 
with a single prefix or suffix may form a stem (e. g., stagnat- in stagnation). 
To the stem were attached the inflectional endings which denoted differences 
of case, voice, mood, and tense. E. g., respect is made up of the prefix re-, the 
Latin root spec, "see" and the suffix -t, which is the survival of Latin -turn. 
From a kindred Greek root skep, skop, we get telescope (tele, "far") and skeptic. 
From the root, swad we get sweet, suave (Lat. suavis for suad-uis), persuade, 
assuage. From the root kap we get have, hawk (OE. haf-oc), haven, cap-acious 
cap-ital (Lat. caput, "head"), chapter, recipe; reception, head. From the root 
dam, "tame," we get tame, dame, damsel, duenna, dominion, domino. From the 
root pak, "bind, fasten," we get pacify (Lat. pec-us, "that which is tethered up, 
cattle"), pecuniary, "relating to cattle," which formerly served as money, fee, 
which in OE. meant "cattle," pact in compact, fair, fain. Skeat enumerates 
over 460 Indo-European roots occurring in English words. 

The chief prefixes are English be- (same as by), for-, fore-, forth-, mis-, 
"wrongly," on-, out-, over-, twi-, "two," un-, "not," under-, with-, "against"; 
Lat. ab-, "from," ad-, "to," sometimes disguised as in ac-cede, af-fix, al-lude 
ap-pend, ambi-, "both," ante-, "before," bi-, "double," com-, "together" (com 
pound, con-tact, collision), contra-, "against," de-, "down," dis-, "apart/^ 
du-, "two," ex-, "out of," extra-, "beyond," in-, "not," inter-, "between/* 
multi-, "many," non-, ob-, "near," per-, "through," post-, "after," pre-, "before/* 
pro-, "instead of," re-, "again," retro-, "backward," semi-, "half," sub-^ 
"under," super-, "above, over," trans-, "beyond," Greek anti-, "against/' 
apo-, "off," arch-, auto-, "self," di-, "double." dia-, "through," epi-, "upon/* 

794 



; 



Etymology 

hemi-, "half," hypo-, "under," meta-, "among, after," pan-, "all," para-, 
"beside," poly-, "many," pro-, "before," proto-, "first." 

The suffixes are so numerous that we can mention only a few: English, 
-dom, -er, -hood, "state," -ness, -red (hat-red), -ric (bishop-ric) , -ship, -th (you-th); 
diminutives, -ock, -ling, -kin (Per-kin, "little Peter"), -ing, patronymic (Buck- 
ing-ham, "home of the Buck family"); adjectival, -fast, -fold, -ful, -isk, -less, 
-some, -ward, -y; adverbial, -ling (dark-ling), -long, -ly, -meal, -ward, -viays, 
-wise; Latin, -an, -and (vi-ands)-, -end, -ant, -ary, -ate, -cle, -ee (refer-ee), -ion 
(un-ion), -tion, -ment, -or, -ory; Greek, nominal -ad, -ant, -asm, -ast, -ics, -isk, 
-ism, -ist, -oid, -ire (scep-tre) ; adjectival, -ic, -astic, -istic; verbal, -ize; French, 
-age, -als, -ance, -ard, -aire, -ar, -eer, -ier, -acy, -ess (larg-ess), -et, -ette, -eur, -ery, 
-tude, -ty; adjectival, -ese, -esque (originally diminutive), -ous; verbal, -isk, 
-fy, -y (marr-y). 

Our vocabulary has also been greatly enriched by combining words into 
groups (compounds) of two or more. Sometimes the two elements mean the 
same (gangway, pathway, sledgehammer, haphazard); usually the first element 
modifies the second (steamboat, typewriter, quickstep); sometimes the two are 
in the relation of subject and predicate (skinflint), or verb and object (spitfire), 
(scarecrow), or verb and adverb (come-down,, dug-out). In some compounds 
the two elements have become welded together so completely that the com- 
pounding has been forgotten (window, from wind and eage, "eye"; stirrup, from 
stig and rap, "mounting rope"; barn, "barley building"). 

Changes in Form and Meaning 

Our language, like every other, is in a constant state of flux or change' 
Words are constantly changing both form and meaning, and syntactical con- 
ceptions are constantly shifting. The growth of printing has probably retarded 
these processes to some extent; yet they still go on. Their progress, like that 
of the glacier, can be perceived only by measurements at long intervals. In 
OE. ham the vowel was pronounced as in father; in time, through impercept- 
ible changes, it came to be pronounced as in lav;; and it is now pronounced 
like oa in boat. The changes in this vowel influenced and were influenced by 
the same vowel in other words; hence we have the phonetic law, OE. av 
ME. aw > MnE. u. In a similar manner other vowels have shifted since OE. 
times. OE. e (as in hay) has become ee (geese) ; OE. i (as in eel) has become ' 
ai (while) ; OE. o (as in tone) has become oo (boon) ; OE. u (as in fool) has 
become au (foul); OE. a (as in there) has become ea (heal). 

Other phenomena are due to earlier changes, some of which we will now 
enumerate. 

Grimm's Law, or the Great Consonant Shift, holds good of all the Teutonic 
languages. About 400 B.C. Indo-European p, t, k became Teutonic ph, f, 
th, kh (cf. Latin pedem, foot; Latin tres, three; Latin cornu, horn). Then 
all IE. ph's, th's, kh's, which had been stops (loop-hole, knot-hole, block-house), 
became the spirants (capable of being prolonged) /, th (thin), ch (Ger. ach). 
Thirdly, IE. bh, dh, gh, which had been stops, became spirants and then b, d, g 
(cf. Sanskrit hhratar, Latin irater, brother). Lastly, before or about 100 B.C., 
IE. b, d, g became Teutonic p, t, k (cf . Latin lubricus, slippery; Latin turba, 
thorpe; Latin duo, two; Latin genu, knee; Latin ]ugum, yoke). 

An exception to this law was formulated by Karl Verner in 1875 (Verner s 
Law). When the accent did not rest on the vowel immediately preceding the 
consonant in question, the medial and final voiceless spirants/, th (thin), h, s 
(from IE. p, t, k, s) became the voiced spirants v, th (then), g, z. This accounts 
for the difference between was and were; singular was, plural wasumn, became- 
wcczun, became wanun, became were. So comparing Greek hekaton with hundl 

795 



Etymology 

red, we see that the IE. kmtbm became first Teutonic hunth (th voiced as in 
then), and then hund-. 

This helps us to see what an important part accent has played in language. 
It is accent, indeed, which has given us our series of Vowel Gradations, seen in 
sing, sang, sung, drive, drove, driven, bear, bore, take, took, fight, fought. Sang 
differs from sing because, owing to different accentuation in the original Indo- 
European, the vowel of the original sane-form was not pronounced with quite 
the same stress, and as a result became a different vowel. 

In early times, too, Teutonic vowels underwent change because of a y or i 
sound in the next syllable. Thus, though hal became whole, haljan became 
halan, now heal. The plural of mann (manniz) became menu. The plural of 
cu, "cow" (cu-iz) became cy, and with the addition of another plural ending, 
kine. Thus we account for the difference between foot and feet, gold and gild, 
long and length, full, fill, doom, deem, food, feed, fox, vixen. 

Not only do vowels change because of being near consonants; they some- 
times change those consonants themselves. The vowels a, o, u are called back 
vowels ; e, i are front vowels and may cause a consonant to be fronted (palatal- 
ization). Thus kirk, seg, brig, flick (still heard in some parts of Britain) have 
become our church, sedge, bridge, flitch; and we have both seek and beseech. 

In a few words one sound has taken the place of another (substitution). 
We still write laugh, cough, enough, but we say laf, cawf, enuf. In Cornwall 
they also say thoit (thought) and broit (brought). 

Moreover, there is always a tendency to cut off the ends, or to cut out 
parts, of words (Abbreviation). This has caused us to lose most of our inflec- 
tional endings. Teutonic drankidedum (four syllables) has become drenched. 
All infinitives formerly ended in -an. Pea was formerly peas; cherry is from 
cheris; any is from cenig. Medial consonants have been lost from various 
words (Wooster from Worcester, Norfolk from Northfolk, speak from sprecan, 
worship from worthship, hail from hcegel, fortnight from fourteen-night, England 
from Mnglaland, either from agehwather. 

On the other hand a few words have gained sounds (yew, from OE. iw, 
newt from ewt, bridegroom from bridguma, nightingale from nihtegal, nickname 
from eke-name). In many words, however, a consonant added in the spelling 
was rarely or never pronounced (island, debt, corns). 

One of the most powerful influences at work upon words is Analogy. We 
all like to have regularity in language as in other things, and our minds tend to 
put words into groups. On the analogy of kingdom we make dukedom, Christen- 
dom. OE. rihtwis has become righteous on the analogy of words like gracious, 
vicious. Two persons can be friends; so we sometimes hear, "I'll be friends 
with him." On the analogy of lemonade we have orangeade. The folk mind 
sometimes makes mistakes which lead to curious changes (Folk-Etymologies). 
Asparagus becomes sparrow-grass; Old French pick-ois becomes pick-ax. Jerked 
beef has nothing to do with jerking, but is connected with Peruvian charqui, 
"dried meat." Rothschild, "red shield," has come to be pronounced as if it 
were Roth! s-child. Shamefaced was formerly shamefast. Penthouse is not really 
related to either pent or house (formerly pentus from French pentis). In admiral 
there is confusion of Arabic amir al bahr, "commander of the sea," with Latin 
admirari, "admire." 

Likewise words are constantly shifting in meaning. These changes may be 
grouped roughly as follows: 

Generalization of meaning. Circumstances, formerly "the things that 
surround us," now means "conditions over us" ("under these circumstances"). 
Virtue, formerly "manliness," now has various meanings, which the context 
helps to decide. Fire as a verb is more general than its noun equivalent. 



Etymology 

Specialization. Meat, once "food," now means only "flesh." Disease, 
formerly "discomfort," is now confined to sickness. Minister formerly meant 
any kind of "servant." Undertaker was once "a contractor" in general. 

Division. Many words have split into two or more. Latin persona, 
"mask," has given us parson in the ecclesiastical sense and person in the sense 
of "human being." Latin ex-agium has yielded both assay and essay. Head 
has widely different meanings. 

Transference of meaning. Bead originally meant "prayer"; as perforated 
balls on a string were used to count prayers, they gradually took on the word 
for prayers themselves. ^ Exchequer, originally "a chess-board," has come to 
mean "a national banking account." Moustache originally meant "the face 
between the end of the nose and the upper lip." Quaint, formerly "wise, skil- 
ful," now means "fanciful, odd, old-fashioned." Game in the hunter's language 
means not "sport," but the result of it — what is taken. 

Degeneration. Villain formerly meant merely "a slave attached to a 
country estate {villa)', later it meant "a farm laborer." Caitiff formerly meant 
"captive." Counterfeit formerly meant simply "to copy." 

Euphemism. The desire to speak decentfy concerning subjects which one 
is loath or afraid to mention, specifically leads us to use many words in senses 
different from the original. Disliking to say died, we substitute passed away, 
fell asleep, breathed his last. Trowsers is found better than breeches or pants. 
One who steals large sums is often called an embezzler. We perspire rather than 
sweat. Disliking to swear, we get around it by saving Gee! Jerusalem! golly! 

Slang is also an important feeder of language. Graft, originally _ "a twig 
attached to a branch," has now come into good use for "illegitimate income." 
Off one's base, borrowed from baseball language, is often used to describe one 
who expresses a wrong opinion. To freeze out, to give one the cold shoulder, are 
by many preferred to treat coldly. 

The Principles of Derivation 

From these illustrations we get some notion of how language has grown 
and continues to grow. The etymologist must bear all these processes in mind. 
In tracing the history of words one should observe the following canons, based 
on those of Skeat: 

1. Ascertain the earliest form and use of the word; observe chronology. 

2. Observe history and geography. Borrowings are due to actual contact. 

3. Observe phonetic law strictly. This is of fundamental importance. 

4. Account for the whole of a word, not merely a part. 

5. Disregard resemblances of form or even connection in sense between 
words in languages which have different phonetic laws or no necessary con- 
nection. 

6. No explanation of a word is valid which will not account also for all its 
cognate forms. 



797 



PUNCTUATION 

By MORRIS W. CROLL, Ph.D. 

Department of English, Princeton University 

The number of punctuation marks in common use has gradually increased 
during the last five-hundred years, because the art of representing the meaning 
of discourse to the eye of the reader has been made more important by the 
invention of printing and the great increase in the number of persons who can 
read. Originally the period was the only mark used, and from this single sign 
all the others were made by slight changes in its form. At least this is the 
commoner theory as to their origin. 

The comma came first, which was made by adding a downward stroke 
to the period. Then the need was felt of a mark which should show a pause 
longer than that indicated by the comma, yet shorter than that marked by the 
period. Hence, the modern use of the semi-colon, which is a period above a 
comma. But still a longer pause sometimes occurs within the sentence: the 
colon, or two periods, serves to mark it. Even the question-mark was originally 
only a period with an inverted comma above it, that is, it was an inverted 
semi-colon, and from this the present form of the sign has evolved. 

Still the number of marks is comparatively small. There are only twelve 
in common use, though this number could be increased by counting certain 
printers' signs rarely used in writing. And of these twelve there are only four 
or five which it is difficult to use intelligently and well. Indeed the comma 
is the only one that is very generally misused. For those who find themselves 
in a state of confusion or uncertainty concerning the uses of this important 
mark, it will be well to lay down the rule that the comma is not to be used 
unless there is good reason for it. The purpose of it, as of all marks, is to make 
the meaning as clear as possible to the eye, and in a case of doubt it is a good 
plan to omit the comma unless it serves this purpose. 

However there are certain uses of all the points which are recognized as 
standard and regular, are found in all good books'(with some variations, it is true), 
and must be learned by one who wishes to write not only clearly, but also ac- 
cording to the customs of his language and his time. The more important of 
these uses are described in the following rules, and the observance of them 
will remove most of the difficulties that arise in ordinary practice. But it 
must be remembered that punctuation is only a part of the whole art of ex- 
pression; if the style is loose and familiar, punctuation must be of one kind; 
in exact and formal writing it will be of another; and a violation of the laws of 
speech may involve one in difficulties of punctuation which cannot be overcome. 

The twelve marks are as follows: Period (.), comma (,), semi-colon (;), 
colon (:), question-mark (?), exclamation-point (!), apostrophe ('), quotation- 
mark, single (' '), and double (" "), dash ( — ), hyphen (-), parentheses ( ( ) ), 
brackets ([J). 

The Period 

The period is used (1) to indicate the end of a sentence, and (2) after 
abbreviations; as, Mr., P.O., T.B. Macaulay, A.M. 

798 



Punctuation 



The Comma 
The comma is used within a sentence to mark certain pauses or changes of 
vocal expression which would occur if the words were spoken aloud. The prin- 
cipal cases where it regularly occurs are the following: 

1. Between the members of a series of words or phrases which are not 
connected by conjunctions, as Lawyers, doctors, clergy, all agree on this point. 
When and occurs before the last member of such a series, present usage favors 
the use of the comma there also,. as Lawyers, doctors, and clergy all agree on this 
point. 

2. To mark off words or phrases of different address from the rest of the 
sentence; as:— Friends, listen to me; I repeat, John, what I have often said. 

3. After an exclamatory word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence, 
when no particular emphasis is to be put upon it in utterance; as:— No, we cannot 
go; Well, we shall see. (Of course, when emphasis is desired, the exclamation- 
point is used.) 

4. Before quotations not more than one sentence long; as: — / asked, 
"Where shall we stay tonight?" 

5. To mark off words which are parenthetical in their nature, that is to say, 
such as interrupt the forward movement of the sentence; as: — 

How many men, the pessimist observes, do not speak as they think. 
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States, was elected in November. 
Cotton goods, the most valuable of all our lines, are advancing in price. 

6. To mark off words or brief phrases used soon after the beginning of a 
sentence to indicate the relation of what one has been saying to what one is 
about to say, such, for instance, as therefore, of course, however, also, to be sure. 
Some persons, however, do not use the comma in this case, and the best rule 
perhaps is not to use it unless the word or phrase causes a real interruption in 
the forward movement of the sentence. 

7. To mark off non-restrictive relative clauses. This is an important rule, 
which needs some explanation. A relative clause (that is, a clause which is 
introduced by a relative pronoun, who, which, what, or a relative adverb, such 
as whereby, whereon) may serve to restrict or define the noun or pronoun that it 
goes with, or, in other words, tell exactly which one of a number of persons or 
things one is speaking of, and in that case it is not separated from the noun or 
pronoun by a comma, as The man whom we saw down town was wearing a new 
overcoat. (Here the clause is necessary, for it tells what man we are speaking of.) 
But, on the other hand, the clause may not be restrictive, but only descriptive 
or informative, adding some fact or observation concerning a person or thing 
already clearly denned. In this case the clause must be set off by commas, as 
John Jones, whom we met down town, was wearing a new overcoat. (Here the clause 
is not necessary to the sense, but is a voluntary addition by the author.) 

8. Sometimes at the end of a long or complicated clause, merely to indicate 
that a rest or breathing-space is needed. But the general rule laid down at 
the beginning, that a comma should not be used unless it is-necessary for clear- 
ness, may well be followed in this case. 

The Semi-colon 

1. The general rule for the semi-colon is that it separates clauses less 
closely knit together in syntax and thought than those separated by the comma; 
as: — 

The amount of our order must depend upon the probable state of trade; and of 
(his we shall be better able to judge after the holidays. 

In the city men work and play; in the country they live. 

799 



Punctuation 

2. As the comma is used to separate words and phrases used in series 
(see Rule 1 under "The Comma"), so the semi-colon is used to separate clauses 
in series. The last of such a series of clauses often begins with and, but there 
also the semi-colon should be used; as: — Most men accept the ideas of the 
majority party; some follow the opinions of chosen leaders; and only a few think 
for themselves. 

3. Clauses beginning with certain conjunctions are more freely marked 
off with semi-colons than others. # These are for, so, and so, therefore, etc. 

4. In a long and comprehensive sentence, it is necessary sometimes to use 
the semi-colon to separate a large inclusive division of the sentence containing 
smaller subdivisions ; as : — Now, as the night begins to deepen, we will leave you 
and seek the moor; but to-morrow morning, at the first fall of dew, we will again 
find out the dwellings of men. 

5. Sometimes after an exclamatory word, such as No, Yes, Come, a semi- 
colon is used to indicate a longer pause or a different expression of the voice 
than that indicated by the comma. 

The Colon 

The colon is used: — 

1. Before a list of particulars or items; as: — 

We have made several statements to your firm: first, that . . . ; secondly, 
that . . . ; [etc.]. 

The reasons are the following: [etc.]. 

2. To introduce a quotation, especially one that is more than a sentence 
in length; as: — She said in reply: lt I will tell you the whole story." 

3. After a salutation in a letter; as: — Messrs. J. H.Gideon and Company, 
Gentlemen: [etc.]. 

4. The dash may be used with the colon in all the above cases, especially 
when that which follows is written as a separate paragraph. Many examples 
of this will be observed in the present discussion. 

The Question-Mark 

The question-mark is used: — 

1. At the end of a question, as Is he here? If, however, the question is 
put indirectly (that is, not in the exact words of the speaker), no question- 
mark is used, as He asks what we are now to do. 

2. To suggest doubt as to the correctness of a word or statement, or to 
indicate a suggested correction; as: — 

There are said to be 30 (?) hogsheads. 

. He reports that ten (? eleven) cases are still to arrive. 

The Exclamation-Point 

The exclamation-point is used to indicate a sense of wonder or intense 
feeling, as What a catastrophe it was! 

The Apostrophe 

The apostrophe is used: — 

1. To indicate the possessive case, singular and plural, of nouns, (a) The 
rule for the singular number is to place the apostrophe before the letter s, 
which is the sigL of the possessive, as man's, horse's. If, however, the noun 
is a proper name and ends in s, we may either write the possessive in the usual 
way, as just described, or we may omit the regular possessive ending s and 
indicate the possessive by merely placing the apostrophe after the final s of the 
word, as Dickens' works, or Dickens's works, (b) If the plural of a noun is 

800 






formed in the i 



Punctuation 



led in the usual way, by adding s or es (or x, as in some nouns from the 
French), the possessive plural is formed by adding an apostrophe after the s, 
as boys' books; asses' milk; the beaux\ stratagem. But if the plural is formed 
without s or es, the possessive plural is indicated by adding an apostrophe and s, 
as in the singular, as men's clothes; women's wraps. Note. — The apostrophe 
is never used in the possessive case of pronouns, as its, theirs, whose. 

2. In writing the plural of figures, signs, letters, and the like; as: Cross 
your t's and dot yovr i's; theft's should be written in a column. 

3. To show that letters are omitted in contracted forms of words, as 
doesn't, isn't, gov't. Note. — It is wrong to use the apostrophe to indicate the 
plural of proper names, as The Joneses, not the Jones's. 

The Quotation-Mavk 

m 1. The double quotation-mark is used at the beginning and at the end of 
a direct quotation; as: / heard him say: "How many trains run on Sunday?" 

2. The single quotation mark is used at the beginning and at the end of 
a quotation within "a quotation; as: — 

In the course of his speech he said: "I will now read my opponent's words. In 
a Nashville newspaper he declared, on October 5th, 1913, '/ will not accept office 
in any circumstances.' I need make no comment." 

3. When the main quotation and the quotation within it end at the same 
place, both the single and the double quotation-mark must be used at the 
end, thus ' ". 

The Dash 

1. The dash is used to indicate a sudden interruption of what is being 
said, or a violent break in the construction of a sentence; as: What would have 
happened to us — but I can't bear to think of the possibility. 

2. Sometimes the dash is used to indicate a parenthetical statement, 
but ordinarily the parenthesis, or even the comma, will serve the purpose 
better. And, in general, the dash should not be used to take the place of other 
marks. 

The Hyphen 

- 1. The hyphen is used between the parts of a compound word, as to-day, 
to-morrow, twenty-three, frost-bitten. 

2 At the end of a line to indicate that a word begun is to be finished at 
the beginning of the next line. The rule with regard to such division is that 
the part carried over to the following line should constitute a complete syllable 
(or more than one syllable); that is, a syllable should not be broken in the 
middle, as proposal, not propos-al; sim-ple, not simp-le. 

Parentheses 

Parentheses are used to mark off words thrown into the midst of a 
sentence, but not regarded as a part of it; as: Please meet me (I will let you know 
the time later) at the Grand Central Station. 

Brackets 

Brackets are used to mark off words thrown in by the writer or speaker 
while he is quoting the words of another; as: — 

The writer continues as follows: "In the year preceding [that is, twenty-six 
years before the present date] nothing had happened." 

801 



Punctuation 

CAPITALIZATION 

Capital letters should be used: 

1. At the beginning of a sentence, and at the beginning of a quotation within 
a sentence. A direct question put in the midst of a sentence should also begin 
with a capital letter, even when it is not quoted from another speaker; as: / ask 
you, What are we to do? 

2. In all so-called proper names, that is, names formally given to a par- 
ticular person or thing, such as the names of persons, corporations, cities, 
mountains, buildings, countries, etc., as Napoleon, The Vesuvius Life Insurance I 
Company, New Brunswick, City Hall, etc. 

3. In adjectives derived from proper names, as English, Napoleonic, 
Democratic. Sometimes adjectives which are parts of proper names are not 
derived from nouns; they must also be capitalized; as: Episcopal Church. 

4. Names of the Deity and of sacred objects associated with the Deity. 
Pronouns referring to the Deity are also usually capitalized. As: The Bible, the 
Cross, hallowed be Thy name. 

5. Titles when they are used as naming the particular persons that are 
bearing them; as: He wrote to the President; King Albert. But when 
they are used without being meant to name a particular person they are not 
capitalized ; as : A president may be as powerful as a king; the presidents of com- 
panies are usually elected. 

6. In the names of the days of the week and the names of the months, as 
Wednesday, July. The names of the seasons are not capitalized. 

7. In titles of books, stories, magazines, etc., as Twelfth Night, The Gentle 
Boy. But small and unimportant words in such titles are not capitalized, as 
A Trip to the Moon. 






802 



Dictionary of American- 
isms 

Dictionary of Atomic 
Weights 

Dictionary of the Auto- 
mobile 

Dictionary of Aviation 

Dictionary of Baseball 

Dictionary of Christian 
Names 

Dictionary of Classical 
Abbreviations 

Dictionary of Commerce 
and Law 

Dictionary of Everyday 
Allusions 

Dictionary of Football 
Dictionary of Foreign 
Words and Phrases 

Dictionary of Forms of 
Address 



Dictionary of Golf 

Dictionary of Lacrosse 

Dictionary of Lawn Tennis 

Dictionary of Military 
and Naval Terms 

Dictionary of Most Com- 
mon Abbreviations 

Dictionary of Music 

Dictionary of Noted Char- 
acters in Literature 

Dictionary of Photography 

Dictionary of Polo 

Dictionary of State Names 
and Meanings 

Dictionary of Wireless 
Telegraphy 

Dictionary of Words of 
Like and Opposite 
Meaning 

Dictionary of Yachting 



(803) 



DICTIONARY OF AMERICANISMS 



A carefully selected list of the most common and recent words and 
phrases that have a peculiar significance in the United States 



aboard, nautical word applied here 
also to railroad cars and other 
vehicles, as "all aboard," "get 
aboard." 

approbate, to license or approve. 

around, near or about. 



backwoods, partly cleared forest 
region. 

bad, same as ill, sick. 

baggage, same as English luggage. 

balance, remainder. 

barking up the wrong tree, fol- 
lowing a mistake or blunder. 

batty, a stage of imbecility or in- 
sanity. 

bear, in the stock market, one who 
depresses the value of stock to buy 
cheaper. 

bee, assembly of persons for charitable 
and mutually helpful purposes. 

big stick, wielding the, in politics, 
the withholding of his approval of 
a public measure by a chief executive 
in order to force compliance with his 
wishes concerning other measures. 

blizzard, unusually severe wind and 
snow storm. 

blue envelope, in many business 
places, a notice of discharge is 
placed in a blue envelope; hence, 
getting a blue envelope is tanta- 
mount to getting discharged. 

blue-sky law, law to prevent the 
issue and sale of fraudulent se- 
curities, based on nothing between 
the ground and blue sky. 

bluff, deception to gain an advantage. 

board, all kinds; English pine and 
fir boards called "deals." 



bogus, false, counterfeit, fraudulent. 

bomb-men, those who destroy prop- 
erty or life by hand bombs. 

bonanza, a rich strike in business. 

bone, one dollar. 

border, on lawn, garden, etc., same 
as English "edging." 

boss, superintendent, foreman, one 
of superior authority. 

bottoms, rich land along the course 
of a river. 

bounced, discharged from employ- 
ment. 

brash, same as brittle. 

breadstuffs, grains generally. 

buggy, light four-wheeled carriage. 

bull, in the stock market, one who 
raises the value of stocks to sell at 
an advance. 

bulldoze, to intimidate. 

bunco, scheme or game for swindling. 

buncombe, extravagant speech for 
temporary effect. 

bureau, same as English "chest of 
drawers." 



cabinet, president's, same as "min- 
istry" and "government" in Europe. 

calculate, to think, suppose. 

calico, printed cotton goods; Eng- 
lish, white cotton cloth only. 

call, invitation from a congregation 
to a clergyman to become its pastor. 

camp-meeting, religious assembly 
originally held in woods. 

candy, same as English "sweets." 

caption, heading of page, chapter, 
section; descriptive name of an 
illustration. 

carpet-bagger, originally a northern 
politician seeking office in the 
South after the Civil War. 



804 




Dictionary of Americanisms 



caucus, secret political or other 
assembly. 

cheese it, a cry of warning, such as 
"cheese it, the cop," meaning "look 
out." 

chores, odd jobs about a house, 
factory, or farm. 

cinch, something easy to do or get. 

clever, good-natured, quick-witted, 
accommodating. 

conclude, to determine to do some- 
thing; English, to form opinion. 

cop, policeman. 

corn, maize only; English, grain 
generally. 

cracker, same as English "biscuit." 

creek, small stream of water; Eng- 
lish, "small arm of the sea." 

creole, person of mixed white and 
negro blood. 

cut it out, to give up or abandon, 
as, a habit. 

cute, clever, sharp; abbreviation of 
"acute." 



dead broke, without money; a 
bankrupt. 

deadhead, seeker of valuable privi- 
leges without payment. 

divide, long ridges or stretches of 
mountains forming a watershed. 

dope, narcotic; sleepy or dazed 
person. 

down east, the New England 8tates. 

dress, same as English "gown." 

drummer, commercial traveler. 

dry goods, same as English "haber- 
dashery." 

dump, in the stock market, to un- 
load or sell off unprofitable stocks. 



elect, to choose; as, "He elected to 

take" something. 
elevator, same as English "lift." 
endorse, to sanction, approve; on 

checks, notes, etc., same as English 

"back." 
eventuate, to result in. 



expect, applied to the past, as, "I 
expect it was." 



fall, autumn; about Sept. 22 to 
Dec. 23. 

fan, baseball enthusiast. 

fix, to adjust, put into order; same 
as English "fasten." 

fizzle, ridiculous or unexpected failure. 

fleshy, of a person, stout. 

foul-shop, non-union industrial plant. 

freeze out, as to persons, to get rid 
of. 

frock, woman's dress. 

fruit-dealer, same as English "green- 
grocer." 



gallowses, same as English "braces." 

gangster, one of a gang of despe- 
radoes. 

gerrymander, to arrange a political 
division so that a minority party 
may gain advantage over the ma- 
jority party. 

glad-rags, one's best clothes. 

go ahead, same as English "all 
right." 

go-devil, two roller skate wheels 
fastened at each end of a narrow 
piece of wood, with a small wooden 
box at the front end; used by youth 
for coasting, etc. 

gone up, failed in business. 

graft, a bribe in money or other 
consideration. 

grit, pluck. 

guess, to think. 

gulch, deep ravine cut by water. 

gunman, one of a gang of despe- 

. radoes, armed and ready at all times 
to shoot an opponent. 

gutter-snipe, small, narrow poster 
pasted on the street side of a curb- 
stone. 



H 



hack, carriage for hire. 
handle, fly off the, to lose one's 
temper. 



805 



Dictionary of Americanisms 



hang around, to loiter. 

hatchet, to bury the, to end a 

controversy, to forgive. 
hayseed, farmer. 
help, servant. 
high-falutin, over-flowery speech, 

bombast. 
hitting the pipe, smoking opium. 
hobo, tramp, vagabond. 
hold on, request or order to stop. 
homely, ill-featured person. 
hoodlum, vagabond, loafer. 
how, Indian for "How do you do?" 



I 



mail, method of transporting letters 
and packages; also articles trans- 
ported; same as English "post." 

main guy, one in supreme authority. 

make tracks, run away. 

making a bee-line, rapid, direct 
course toward a certain point. 

mammy, negro nurse of Southern 
white children. 

mending his fences, looking after 
his political interests. 



N 



notions, in trade, all kinds of small 
wares. 

O 



improve, to cultivate, beautify. 
in-fare, a wedding reception pro 

u vided by the groom's family obnoxious, same as English "of- 

msurgent, m politics, one who rebels /*"*•",,' * 



against the leaders or policies of his 
party. 
irrigate, to take a drink. 



fensive.' 

one-horse, mean, trivial, cheap, as 
"one-horse affair." 



Jersey lightning, apple-jack. 
jolly, to flatter, tease. 
joy-riding, wild, reckless driving of 
horse or auto. 



knock, severe criticism of other 
people. 

L 

levee, formal official reception. 
light-fingered, as to a person, petty 

thief, pickpocket. 
loafer, lounger, vagabond, idler. 
lobby, attempt to influence members 

of a body by persons not members; 

collectively all who lobby. 
lobster, turncoat, backer-out. 
locate, to determine the place of 

some person or thing. 
lumber, sawn wood for building and 

other purposes. 
lynch law, action of a mob without 

legal authority. 



mad, angry. 
made his pile, 

become rich. 



M 



said of one who has 



pants, pantaloons, same as English 

"trousers." 

peart, smart, acute. 

picayune, anything small, mean, or 
contemptible. 

pile, a quantity of money, a fortune. 

pipe-laying, schemes to secure il- 
legal votes. 

pinched, caught, arrested. 

plunk, one dollar. 

political campaign, same as Eng- 
lish "political contest." 

posted, thoroughly informed. 

prairie hen, same as English pin- 
nated grouse. 

pull, special favor with parties in 
authority. 

pull a leg, to coax, beg money or 
favor. 

pulled, of a person, arrested; of an 
improper resort, raided or closed by 
the authorities. 



quadroon, offspring of a white man 
and a Creole or mulatto woman. 

quite, same as English "very" in 
"very cold." 




Dictionary of Americanisms 



rails, on railroads and railways, same 

as "metals" in many European 

countries. 
reckon, to think, suppose. 
reliable, trustworthy. 
right away, at once, immediately; 

same as English "straightway." 
right smart, very well. 
rile, to make angry. 
roast, to criticise severely. 
rock bottom, in business, as far 

down as one can go; on a firm 

foundation. 
rube, countryman in a city. 
run, in business, to manage or keep; 

as, "Who runs the hotel?" 



salting a mine, secretly placing 
samples of rich ore on worthless 
tracts to sell the land. 

sand, money. 

scab, non-union workman. 

scalawag, scapegrace, rascal. 

scratched ticket, in politics, a 
ticket on which certain names are 
erased and others substituted. 

seven sisters, series of laws to 
check trusts and secure industrial 
independence. 

shack, slight wooden shed or shelter. 

shake, to leave a person, place, or 
thing. 

shower, simultaneous gifts of various 
articles to a person by friends to 
mark an event, such as a birthday, 
recovery from sickness, or marriage 
engagement. 

skedaddle, to run away. 

sleigh, same as English "sledge." 

slip, an open space between two 
wharves or in a dock. 

small potatoes, a thing or person 
small, mean, or of little account. 

smile, to take a drink. 

soured, of a person, one become dis- 
satisfied with a condition. 

span, pair of horses. 

squatter, one who settles or squats 
on land without legally acquiring 
it. 

stakes, pull up, to remove. 



stall, to stick fast, as "train stalled 

by snow." 
stampede, sudden flight of crowd. 
stand-patter, in politics, one who 

sticks to his parfcy under all circum- 
stances. 
stiff, a corpse. 
stoop, door steps. 
store, same as English "shop." 
straight, of drinks, without water; 

same as English "neat." 
straight ticket, in politics, a ticket 

voted without change. 
street car, horse or electric, same as 

English "tram-car." 
strike oil, to make a fortunate move. 
stump, on the, one who travels 

from place to place making political 

speeches. 
suspenders, same as English "braces." 
switch, on railroads, same as English 

"shunt." 



tanglefoot, liquor. 

tavern, place for entertainment and 
lodging of travelers; in England, 
place for entertaining only. 

tenderfoot, a nobby city man in a 
mining or ranching region. 

ten-strike, a fortunate stroke, hit, or 
transaction. 

ticker, a watch. 

truck, small fruits and vegetables. 

trust, combination of business inter- 
ests, illegal where in restraint of 
trade or competition. 

turn down, same as freeze out. 

U 

up in the air, of a person, getting 
over-excited. 



vamose, to disappear. 
vendue, an auction. 

W 

whoop it up, to create enthusiasm 
or excitement. 

wilt, to lose energy or interest. 

wire-puller, one who seeks an ad- 
vantage by favor of others. 



807 



DICTIONARY OF ATOMIC WEIGHTS 



Elementary Substances, with Their Symbols and Atomic Weights 



Name of Element 


a 


Atomic Weights 


Name op Element 


'o 

a 


Atomic Weights 


II- 1 


0-16 


H-l 


0-16 


Aluminium 

Antimony 

(Stibium) 


Al 

Sb 

A 

As 

Ba 

Bi 

B 

Br 

Cd 

Cs 

Ca 

C 

Ce 

CI 

Cr 

Co 

CI 

Cu 

Er 

F 

Ga 

Ge 

G 

Au 

He 

H 

In 

I 

Ir 

Fe 

La 

Pb 

Li 

Mg 

Mn 


27.5 

120.0 

75.0 

137.0 

208.0 

11.0 

80.0 

112.0 

133.0 

40.0 

•12.0 

138.0 

35.5 

52.5 

59.0 

94.0 

63.0 

169.0 

. 19.0 

69.0 

9.03 
196.7' 

1.0 

113.4 

127.0 

193.0 

56.0' 

139.0 

207.0 

7.0 

24.0 

55.0 


27.1 

120.0 
40.0 
75.0 

137.4 

208.5 
11.0 
79.96 

112.0 

133.0 
40.0 
12.0 

140.0 
35.4 
52.15 
59.0 
94.0 
63.4 

166.0 
10.0 
'<0.Q 
72.0 

9.1 
197.2 
4.0 
1.01 
114.0 
126.85 
193.5 
56.0 
138.0 
206.9 
7.03 
24.36 
55.0 


Mercury 

(Hydrargyrum) . . . 

Molybdenum 

Neodymium 


Hg 

Mo 

Nd 

Ni 

N 

Os 

O 

Pd 

P 

Pt 

K 

Pr 

Rh 

Rb 

Ru 

Sa 

So 

Se 

Si 

Ag 

Na 

Sr 

S 

Ta 

Te 

Ti 

Th 

Sn 

Ti 

W 

U 

V 

Yb 

Y 

Zn 

Zr 


200.0 
96.0 

58.8 

14.0 
191.0 

16.0 
106.5 

31.0 
197.0 

39.0 

104.0 

85.0 

104.0 

79.0 

28.0 

108.0 

23.0 

87.5 

32.0 

182.0 

127.0 

204.0 

231.0 

118.0 

48.0 

184.0 

240.0 

51.2 

89.0 
65.0 
90.0 


200.3 

96.0 

144.0 




58.17 






14.14 






191.0 






16.0 






106.0 




Phosphorus 


31.0 




194.8 




Potassium(Kalium) . 
Praseodymium 


39.15 




140.0 




103.0 






85.4 






101.7 


Cobalt 




150.0 






44.1 






79.1 


Erbium 


Silicon 


28.4 


Fluorine 


Silver(Argentum) . . . 
Sodium (Natrium) . . . 


107.93 


Gallium 


23.05 

87.6 






32.06 






183.0 






127.0 




Thallium 


204.1 






232.0 


Indium 


Tin(Stannum) 


118.5 




48.1 


Iridium 


Tungsten (Wolfram) . 


184.0 


Iron 


239.5 






51.2 


Lead (Plumbum) .... 




173.0 




89.0 






65.4 






90.6 









^ 



DICTIONARY OF THE AUTOMOBILE 



accelerator, the pedal used for 
quickening the speed of a car. 

after fire, the explosion of an accumu- 
lation of unburnt gas in the muffler, 
caused by misfires in one or more 
cylinders; makes a loud and some- 
what startling report. 

artillery wheel, a heavy wooden 
wheel with steel hub. 



back fire, the ignition of the charge 
in the motor cylinder prematurely, 
causing the motion of the engine 
to stop or reverse. 

back kick, a more or less violent 
kick of the crank handle when a 
back fire occurs while the crank is 
in hand. 

barking. See afterfire. 

bonnet, the metallic covering for the 
motor. 

brake, a device for slackening the 
speed of the car; operated both by 
hand and by foot. See emergency- 
brake, service-brake. 

break, a low-tension spark. 



clearance, another name for the 
combustion chamber. 

combustion chamber, the same as 
the clearance space in a steam en- 
gine cylinder. 

compensating-gear, a gear that en- 
ables the rear wheels to rotate at 
different speeds, in turning. 

contact breaker, a device that keeps 
the circuit closed excepting at the 
moment of the spark. 

contact maker, a device that breaks 
the circuit at the moment of the 
spark. 

control levers, levers mounted on the 
frame on the driver's side and on 
the steering wheel. 

cooling, reducing the heat of the 
cylinder by means of water passing 
through jackets or by air circulating 
through radiating flanges. 

cranking, turning the crank handle 
quickly by hand to start the engine 
rotating. 

crypto-gear, another name for plane- 
tary-gear. 

current, power produced from a 
chemical battery or small dynamo. 

cylinder, the mechanism in which 
the piston works and the explosions 
occur. 



cable, the insulated wire or wires that 

conveys the electrical energy to the 

spark plug. 
carbureter, apparatus for mixing 

gasoline and air for fuel. 
chain, -the links that convey power 

from one sprocket wheel to another. 
charge, the mixture of gas and air in 

a cylinder. 
chassis, the frame, including the 

power apparatus and the running 

and steering gears. See body. 
chauffeur, another name for the 

driver. 



dark-colored smoke, in the exhaust, 
indicates a too rich mixture of gas 
which takes fire imperfectly. 

dead-axle, a non-rotating rear axle. 

dead center, the point where the 
crank is incapable of imparting 
motion either forward or backward. 

dense-white smoke, in the exhaust, 
indicates a poor oil, an excess of 
cylinder oil, or a deposit of soot in 
the cylinder. 

differential-gear, another name for 
compensating-gear. 



Dictionary of the Automobile 



direct drive, where power is applied gasoline fire, best extinguished by 



direct instead of by gears. 



sand or a dry chemical; also by a 
moist blanket; a stream of water 
should never be used as it spreads 
the fire. 
gravity carbureter, a carbureter 
which atomizes the fuel through a 
small nozzle and mixes it with a 
current of air. 



emergency-brake, a device for a 
sudden slackening of speed or stop- 
page of car, operated by a hand 
lever. 

engine, the combustion apparatus; ground circuit, the return of the 
operated with gas and with liquid current to its source by means of 
fuel. the metal of the engine. 

exhaust manifold, the tube that 

conveys the burnt gas to the muf- I 

ner. 
exhaust valve, that by which the ignition, lighting of the fuel by an 
burnt gases pass out of the engine; electric spark. 

operated mechanically; opened at inlet valves, valves by means of 
every alternate upward stroke of which the explosive mixture is 

admitted to the combustion cham- 
ber of the engine; one kind is opened 
automatically by the motor itself 
on its suction stroke; another is 
operated mechanically. 
inner lever, the lever that shifts the 

transmission-gear. 
in step, valves are said to be "in 
step" with each other when all of 
them are operated by the same 
cam shaft. 
intake manifold, the tube that con- 
veys the gas from the carburetter 
to the cylinder. 



the piston by means of a cam. 



feed port, an opening for the admis- 
sion of steam or gas. 

flash boiler, a compact type of steam 
generator. 

float carbureter, another name for 
gravity carbureter. 

foot pedals, apparatus used with or 
without the control levers to con- 
trol the motion of the car when 
running. 



friction clutch, that which connects interrupter, a contact breaker on a 

the engine with the first shaft. magneto. 

frozen-carbureter, to be avoided by 

jacketing, heating the air supply, J 

or warming the carbureter and 

admission pipe with boiling water, jackets, apparatus on the cylinder 



fuel, in non-electric cars, a mixture 
of gasoline and air. 



walls through which water circu- 
lates for cooling the cylinder. 

jack-in-the-box, another name for 
compensating-gear. 

jump, a high-tension spark. 



garage, a place for housing or repair- 
ing a car. L 

gas, the mixture of gasoline and air. 

gasoline-electric car, a car in which live-axle, an axle that rotates with 
the change-speed gear and its con- the wheels. See dead-axle, 
nections are replaced by a dynamo lubrication, small gasoline motors 
driven by the engine, and the elec- are usually lubricated on the splash 
trical energy generated is utilized 
in operating one or more electric 
motors, which in turn propel the car. 

810 



system, a charge of oil being caused 
to flow into the crank chamber 
about every 20 miles travelled; in 



Dictionary of the Automobile 



large cars the lubrication of the 
engine and of the different bearings 
of the car is effected mechanically ; piston, a metallic device in the cylin- 



bearings that do not require frequent 
attention ^re filled with grease lubri 
cators. 



magneto, 

dynamo. 

manifold, 



der that receives the force of the 

explosions and conveys it to the 

crank shaft. 

planetary-gear, a means of trans- 

M mission by the use of a clutch and 

an enclosed system of gear wheels. 

in principle, the same as pneumatic tires, hollow rubber tires 

whose elasticity absorbs shocks on 
the tube that transmits uneven roads, 
the gas, steam, air, or water. poor mixture, the explosive mixture 

misfire, the skipping of one or more in which air predominates. 

cylinders when the motor is firing pre-ignition, the premature ignition 
gases. of the explosive mixture. 

mixer, another name for carburetter. 

mixing chamber, small enclosure R 

containing a nipple or nozzle through 

which the gasoline is sucked, partly radiator, tubing for cooling cylinders 
by the engine, and partly by the with water. 

stream of air with which it is mingled reversing-gear, gear arranged for 
by being sprayed against a cone. altering the direction of road-wheels. 

motor, the machine for transforming rich mixture, the explosive mixture 
the electric current into mechanical in which gas predominates, 
energy; placed in the forepart of the running-gear, springs, axles, wheels, 
frame with its crank shaft at right and steering-gear, 
angles to the axles of the road wheels, 
and with its fly-wheel on the rear S 

end of the shaft. 
muffler, an apparatus for reducing service-brake, a device for slacken- 
the velocity of the exhaust gases, ing the speed of a car; operated by 
thereby reducing the noise; consists a foot-pedal and released by a spring 
of a cylinder and a pipe, the latter when the foot is removed, 
full of small holes, permitting the shock-absorber, an apparatus for re- 
admission of the exhaust at high ducing shocks when driving over an 
pressure and its weakened release uneven road. 

into the atmosphere. short circuit, a defect in insulation 

multiplex-cylinder engine, an en- allowing the current to leak. 

gine using several small cylinders skidding, the sliding of a car off of 
instead of a large single one. its course. 

smoke. See dark -colored smoke; 

N dense-white smoke; thin-blue 

smoke. 

non-skids, chains, knobs, and other smoky exhaust, escaping burnt 

projections on tires to prevent gases; also the smoldering of soot 



slipping. 



in a cylinder, causing pre-ignition. 
spark, the electric spark that jumps 
across the terminals of the spark- 
plug when the piston reaches the 
end of its first return or compression 
stroke. 



one-horse power, 33,000 foot pounds 

of work done in one minute. 
outer lever, the lever that operates spark-gap, the space between the two 

the emergency brake. electrodes or points of the spark plug. 

811 



J 



Dictionary of the Automobile 



spark plug, a plug that regulates the 
sparks. 

sprayer carbureter, another name 
for gravity carbureter. 

spur-gears, gears for changing speed. 

steering-post, the post to which is 
attached the steering wheel, the 
spark regulating handle, and the 
carbureter throttle; set obliquely 
toward the driver. 

storage battery, a chemical means 
of producing electricity for ignition. 

stroke, the distance the piston passes 
each way. 

stud-steering axle, the front axle on 
which the steering wheels are hinged. 

surface carbureter, a carbureter 
in which air is sucked from the en- 
gine over a surface moistened with 
liquid spirit. 



tank, the container of the fuel. 

thin-blue smoke, in the exhaust, 
indicates an accurate mixture of the 
gas and a proper ignition. 

throttle, the admission valve inter- 
posed between a carbureter and 
the inlet valve pipe, so that the 
driver can vary the amount of mix- 
ture, or gas, passing to the engine. 

timer, the revolving switch which 
opens and closes the primary circuit. 

tonneau, a car with front seats for 
two persons and a rear one for 

' several. 

transmission, that part of the mech- 
anism between the engine and the 
road wheels; it transmits the high 
speed power to the low speed road 
wheels. 

trembler, a contact maker which 
makes several rapid contacts for 



each ignition; it is the vibrating 
spring blade on an induction coil, 
which interrupts the primary cur- 
rent during the time the contact is 
made in the commutat&r. 



U 



underslung, a car in which 
frame is below the axles. 



the 



valve, the apparatus which regulates 
the flow of mixture or gas by open- 
ing or closing its passage-way. 

valve-chamber, the part of the com- 
bustion chamber which forms a 
pocket above the valve. 

valve-face, the seating on which the 
valve closes. 

valve-gear, of the engine; its entire 
mechanism. 

valve, exhaust, the one through 
which the burnt gas passes outward. 

valve, inlet, the valve through which 
the gas is admitted. 

vibrator coil, a device for giving a 
series of sparks instead of one for 
each ignition. 



W 



water-jacket. See jackets. 
wheel-base, the amount of distance 

between the centers of the back and 

front wheels. 
wheel-track, the amount of distance 

between the paths of the front 

wheels. 
worm-gearing, that on which the 

teeth of the worm wheels are of a 

spiral character, and transmit the 

power into a sliding thrust. 



812 






DICTIONARY OF AVIATION 



A aviation, the science of the mechani- 

cal flight in heavier-than-air con- 
advancing edge, the front edge of a structions. 

plane. See following edge. aviator, strictly, one who pursues the 

aerial transportation, a system of science of aviation, or flying. 

dirigible travel, inaugurated by 

Count Zeppelin, of Germany, with g 

an elongated cylindrical airship, 

420 feet long and 39 feet in diameter, balancing surface, any surface that 

Lie made some remarkable voyages, may be used in steering or maintain- 



but lost a number of airships through 

a variety of disasters. 
aerodrome, a race-course for flying 

machines; also a hangar. 
aeronaut, strictly, one who pursues 

the science of ballooning. 
aeronautics, the construction and 

operation of flying machines, of the 

lighter-than-air type 



ing even balance. 

ballast, bags of sand usually attached 
to the car of a balloon to lighten it 
for more upward flight by being 
thrown out. 

ballonets, small auxiliary balloons, 
elongated or conical in shape,- at- 
tached to the end of the main gas 
bag of a balloon for greater stability. 



aeroplane, a flying machine of the balloon, a lighter-than-air spherical 

neavier-than-air type, with one or 

more surfaces sufficient to support 

the weight of passengers. 
aerostat, technical name for the bipTa & ne7 a machine with two~pTanea 



or elongated bag of silk or other 
material, inflated with gas; the 
original type of a flying machine. 



machine or apparatus. 



or wings, one set above the other. 



ae 5?!* atic ^_ technical name for the body, that part of a machine which 

contains the motor, fuel, and pas- 
sengers. 



science of mechanical aviation. 

aerostation, the same as aeronautics. 

ailerons, subsidiary horizontal planes 

set parallel to and between the main C 

planes, capable of independent op- 
eration, and used for maintaining a camber, extreme depth of curvature 
horizontal equilibrium. on an aeroplane wing. 

alighting gear, the under-mechan- car, the apparatus suspended from 



ism of an aeroplane, for lessening 
the impact on reaching the ground. 
angle of incidence, the angle of in- 
clination of the supporting plane to 
the line of flight. 



balloon by ropes, in which the 
operator sits and to which are at- 
tached the bags of sand or ballast 
used to lighten the balloon when 
necessary by being thrown out. 



arch, the down curve on the end of a cells. See partitions. 



plane. 

ascent. See initial ascent. 

aspect, the upper view of the plane 
surface. 

aspect-ratio, the proportion of the 
( length to the width of a plane sur- 
face; 



center of gravity, the point where 
the machine balances in all direc- 
tions. 

center of pressure, the line along 
which the air acts to elevate the 
planes; just forward of the center 
of gravity. 



813 



Dictionary of Aviation 



center of thrust, the point where 

the propulsive thrust of one or more 

propellers is balanced. 
compression side, the side of a 

plane or propeller-blade that acts 

against the air. 



flying machine, a construction for 
aerial flight and travel, heavier-than- 
air, as distinguished from a balloon, 
classed as lighter-than-air. 

following edge, the rear edge of a 
plane. See advancing edge. 

fuselage, the frame work of a ma- 
chine. 



demountable, a kind of mechanism 
that can be readily taken apart and 
reassembled. 

dihedral, pairs of wings inclined up- 
ward to each other. 

dirigible, or dirigible balloon, a 
balloon of the lighter-than-air type, 
so constructed that it may be made 
to travel in any desired direction; 
operated by a propeller driven by a 
motor; fashioned in cigar, conical, 
and cylindrical shapes; some over 
400 feet in length; with long pas- 
senger and operating car suspended 
from the gas bag. 

double monoplane, monoplane with 
two sustaining surfaces, one ahead 
of the other. 

double surfaced, wings with surfaces 
above and below the ribs, wing bars, 
etc. 



edge, one of the ends of a plane. 
elevator, a horizontally-placed rudder 

for vertical steering. 
engine, the mechanism that gives 

speed and power with minimum 

weight. 



feathering, a device for securing 
stability in a dirigible, consists of 
attaching four rigid planes, arranged 
like a cross, at the rear of the gas 
bag. 

fin, a single fixed plane for increasing 
the stability of a dirigible. 

fire balloon, popular designation of 
the Montgolfier balloon. 

flapping flight, one occasioned by a 
rapid reciprocation of sustaining 
surfaces. 



gliding, a powerless flight down a 
slant. 

gyroplane, a combination of aero- 
plane and helicopter. 

gyroscope, an instrument used to 
give steadiness to a flying machine. 



hangar, a shed for housing a flying 

machine. 
heavier-than-air, applied to flying 

machines that weigh more than the 

air they displace. 
helicopter, a flying machine which 

ascends by means of a helix-shaped 

fan wheel. 
helicord propellers, two propellers 

fitted to a helicopter and rotating in 

opposite directions. 
horizontal rudder, a rudder set 

horizontally for vertical steering. 
hydroaeroplane, an aeroplane that 

can rise from water after alighting 

thereon. 



I 






initial ascent, the elevation from the 
ground; acquired by the rotation of 
the propellers; aided by wheels on 
which the machine runs along the 
ground or by runners sliding along 
an inclined plane, till the propellers 
have gained sufficient speed to lift 
the machine into the air 



. 



landing wheels, wheels on the chassis 
that take up the first shock on 
alighting. 

lateral stability, stability in a side- 
to-side direction. 



814 






Dictionary of Aviation 



lighter-than-air, applied to an air- port, the left side. 



ship that weighs less than the air it propeller, 

displaces. 
line of thrust, the line along which 

the force of the propeller acts. 
longitudinal stability, stability in 

an end-to-end direction. 



the mechanism with two 
or more blades which changes a 
rotary force into a straight-line 
motion; set in the rear in the bi- 
plane, in front in the monopiane. 



M 



main plane, the principal plane of a 
machine with more than one sus- 
taining surface. 

monoplane, a machine with a single 
carrying surface or plane, fixed at 
either side of the frame work carrying 
the motor, driver's seat, and oper- 
ating apparatus. 

Montgolfier, name commonly applied 
to the pioneer of modern "balloons, 
constructed by the Montgolfier 
brothers, Joseph and Stephen, at 
Annonay, France, in 1782. 

multiplane, an aeroplane with two 
or more sustaining surfaces variously 
disposed. 

N 

nacelle, the frame'work or body of an 
aerial vehicle; rnostjgenerally applied 
to dirigibles. 



ornithopter, a flying machine with 
''flapping wings," or movable planes. 

outrigger, frame work at either end 
of an aeroplane to support the tail 
or rudder. 



panel, another name for partition. 

partition, a rigid vertical wall 
between two main planes, dividing 
the space into "cells," open in the 
direction of travel, and used to 
afford lateral stability. 

pilot, another name for an aeronaut 
or aviator. 

plane, usually, a flat surface; in aero- 
planes, a curved sustaining surface; 
also known as "wing." 

polyplane, another name for a multi- 
plane. 



rib, the horizontal part of a plane or 
wing _ construction to which the 
covering is attached; used to main- 
tain the true form of the plane; its 
shape fixes the curve of the plane. 

rudder, a device for changing the 
direction laterally in a horizontal 
plane, and for elevating or lowering 
the plane of travel. 

runners, devices attached to the 
chassis of some machines in prefer- 
ence to wheels to lessen the shock 
of landing. 



shock-absorber, any device attached 
to the chassis for lessening the shock 
on landing, such as wheels, runners, 
etc. 

single-surfaced, planes or wings 
with a single surface, having the ribs 
and wing bars above or below. 

skids, another name for runners. 

soaring flight, an upward movement 
as distinguished from gliding. 

stabilize, to make stable or maintain 
equilibrium by various devices. 

stabilizer, any device for creating or 
maintaining stability. 

starboard, the right side. 

starting impulse, that which sets 
the machine in motion; the initial 
thrust of the propeller, or appliances 
within or without the machine. 

stiffener, in the plane construction, 
a straight bar used to stiffen a flat 
surface. 

supplementary surface, any aux- 
iliary surface, as aileron, fin, rudder, 
etc. 

sustaining surface, a plane or any 
surface capable of providing sus- 
tension. 



815 



Dictionary of Aviation 



tail, the rear end of an aeroplane, 
used to secure greater stability and 
for the attachment of rudders. 

tetrahedral cell, one of several, with 
open ends, assembled to impart 
additional sustaining power to an 
aeroplane. 

thrust, the push of a propeller. 

tilting rudder, a rudder attached on 
an outrigger in front of the main 
planes of a biplane. 

tilting wing tips, wing tips capable 
of being thrown up or down, to sup- 
plement other means of balancing. 

torque, the force tending to over- 
turn an aeroplane" sideways. 

tractor screw, a propeller set in front 
of an aeroplane, to draw it forward. 

transverse control, a device to 
counteract the tendency of an aero- 
plane to slide sideways from the 
horizontal, by warping the tips of 
the planes. 

triplane, an aeroplane with three 
main surfaces. 

turn-buckle, right and left hand 
swivels in a sleeve, used for making 
wires and rods taut. 

U 

upward impulse, secured by making 
the surfaces concave on the under 
side, on an eccentric curve. 

V 

velocity, the speed with which an 
aeroplane will glide on ts own mo- 
mentum solely. 



vertical rudder, a rudder set verti- 
cally for horizontal steering. 

vertical surfaces, surfaces set verti- 
cally to help maintain a lateral 
balance and to aid lateral steering. 

volplaning, another name for gliding. 

W . 

wind-flapping machine. See orni- 

thopter. 

wake, the path in the air made by 
a machine in flight. 

whirling-table, a mechanism for 
revolving the planes. 

wind-pressure, the resistance of the 
air to a machine in flight. 

wing, another name for plane. 

wing arc, the arc of movement of a 
flapping wing. See Flapping flight. 

wing bar or wing girder, a strength- 
ening bar extending from tip to tip 
in a wing or plane, and crossed at 
right angles by the ribs. 

wing skid, the same as wing wheel. 

wing-spread, the distance between 
the tips or ends of a wing-surface. 

wing-surface, the extent of a wing's 
surface. 

wing-tip, either extremity of a wing. 

wing warping, the twisting or bend- 
ing of the wing ends to transfer the 
maximum lift from one side of the 
machine to the other; varies the 
angles of the wing-tip inclination to 
the line of travel. 

wing wheel, a small wheel under the 
tip of a wing to protect it on alight- 
ing. 



816 




DICTIONARY OF BASEBALL 



a, on score cards, assists. 
amble, a slow run to a base. 
assist, when a player handles the 

ball in a play that results in a base- 
runner being put out, or would so 
result if the play fail through no 
fault of the assisting player. 
at bat, a batsman in his box ready 
to bat. 

B 

b. h., on score cards, base hits. 

back-stop, a fence or other con- 
trivance about 90 feet behind the 
home plate for stopping balls that 
pass the catcher. 



baseman, a fielder at either base. 
base on ball, a base credited to a 

batsman after the pitcher has 

delivered four balls. 
base-runner, a batsman immediately 

he hits a ball. 
bat, instrument for striking the ball; 

made of willow, basswood, or ash; 

234 inches in diameter; not over 

42 inches in length. 
batsman's box, the place on either 

side of the home plate where the 

.batsman must stand at play. 
batsman's outs, making three foul 

bunts or hitting the ball so that it 

is caught by an opponent before 

alighting. 
battery, the pitcher and catcher. 



balk, where the pitcher seems about bean ball, the same as a curved ball, 
to deliver the ball but does not do so; beating the ball, a player reaching 



a base-runner gets the next base as 

a result. 
ball, the leather-covered sphere with 

which the game is played; about 3 

inches in diameter. 
base hit, (1) when a batted ball 



a base before the ball gets there. 
bench, place where the players of a 

side assemble when not in play. 
bender, the same as a curved ball. 
biffed ball, a ball hit uncommonly 

hard. 



strikes the ground on or within the block ball, a ball in play touched by 



foul lines and out of reach of the 
fielders; (2) when a fair-hit ball is 
wholly or partially stopped by a 
fielder in motion; (3) when the ball 
is hit with such force to an infielder 
or pitcher that he cannot handle it 
in time to put out the batsman or 
force out a base-runner; (4) when 
the ball is hit so slowly toward a 
fielder that he cannot handle it in 
time to put out the batsman or force 
out a base-runner; (5) when a base- 
runner is retired by being hit by a 
batted ball, or when a batted ball 
hits the person or clothing of the 
umpire, the batsman is credited 
with a base hit. 
base lines, markings on the field 
where the players must run from 
base to base. 



a spectator or one of the batting 

side while not in play. 
blocked, when a fielder gets between 

a runner and a base, thus keeping 

him from touching the base. 
body protector, same as breast- 
plate. 
bone-head, a player who makes a 

blunder. 
bpunder, a ball that bounds along 

the ground before being stopped. 
box, station of the pitcher, batsman, 

and coacher, in play. 
breast-plate, a shield of padded 

leather or canvas; also an inflatable 

rubber bag. 
breezed, the same as earned run. 
bumped, a fair hit by the batsman. 
bungle, the same as base hit. 
bunt hit, a ball batted so lightly to 



817 



Dictionary of Baseball 



the infield that it cannot be fielded 
in time to put out the runner. 



cage, a long, low alley bounded by 
two walls and a wire netting, in 
which beginners practice pitching 
and batting. 

called strike, a ball that the bats- 
man does not strike at; called by 
the umpire. 

captain, the official head of the team, 
who directs the movements of the 
players while on the field, and who 
is the only person permitted to 
address the umpire, and then only 
on a question of interpretation of 
the rules. 

carrom, catching a ball on its re- 
bound from the outfield fence. 

catcher, the member of the battery 
who catches the ball thrown or de- 
livered by the pitcher. 

catcher's position, varying with 
conditions; sometimes close behind 
the batsman; at others, as when no 
runner is on the bases and the bats- 
man has not had his last strike, 
about 70 feet back of the home 
plate. 

center field, the part of the field 
back of second base. 

center field hit, a batted ball that 
reaches the center field. 

center fielder, the player stationed 
on the center field. 

chop, to bat the ball directly to the 
ground so that it bounds to the 
infield. 

circuit, all the bases. 

circuit clout, the same as earned 
run. 

clouted ball, a heavily hit ball. 

clouting the ball, where a batsman 
gets more safe hits than usual. 

club, the same as bat. 

coacher, one of the side at play who 
directs the base-runners. 

coacher's box, space in foul territory 
near the first and third bases as- 
signed to the coacher. 

corralled, where a ball is caught or 
fielded with precision. 



curve, the direction from a straight 
line a ball is made to take by the 
pitcher while passing to the batsman. 
See in-curve, out-curve, and spit- 
ball. 

curved ball, a ball deflected by the 
pitcher from a straight line, as an 
in-curve, out-curve and spit-ball. 

cushion, the same as base. 



daisy cutter, the same as grounder. 
dead ball, a ball that strikes any 

part of the batsman's person before 

being struck, or any part of the 

umpire's person, while on foul 

ground, without first passing the 

catcher. 
dead on base, a player or players 

left on a base or bases at the end of 

an inning. 
deep short, the ground back of the 

short-stop's position between the 

second and third bases. 
delivery, the throw of a ball by the 

pitcher. 
diamond, space in which the game 

is played; a square with 90 foot 



died, a player put out by any means 

under the rules. 
dish, the same as home plate. 
double hit, a ball batted so that a 

base-runner can make two bases. 
double play, a play where the ball 

is handled quickly enough to retire 

two men. 
drop, a peculiar twist given to a ball 

by a pitcher which causes it to drop 

toward the ground. 






e, on score cards, errors. 

earned run, a run made when a 
player makes the circuit of the 
bases without the assistance, by 
errors, of the opposite team; but a 
run is not counted as earned under 
any circumstances after the oppon- 
ents in the field have had three 
chances to retire the side at bat and 
have not taken advantage of them. 



818 



Dictionary of Baseball 



error, a misplay which prolongs the 
time of the batsman at the bat or 
allows the base-runner to make one 
or more bases when perfect play- 
would have insured his being put out. 



fair ball, a ball that passes over the 
home plate at an altitude between 
the batsman's shoulder and knee. 

fair hit, a ball that falls in front of 
the foul lines. 

fan, an enthusiastic spectator of a 
game. 

field, place where the game is played ; 
should be at least 350 feet wide by 
500 feet long. 

fielded, a ball caught or stopped by a 
fielder. 

fielders, players of the side not bat- 
ting. See in-fielders, out-fielders. 

flinger, the same as pitcher. 

floater, an average sped ball. 

fly ball, a ball batted high into the 
air, affording a comparatively easy 
chance for a fielder to catch it; if 
caught before touching the ground, 
whether on fair or foul territory, the 
batsman is out. 

foozle, a weak or poor play. 

forced out, a base-runner compelled 
to make room for his successor and 
is touched by the ball held by a 
fielder; also when the base-runner 
cannot reach the next base as soon 
as the fielder holding the ball. 

foul ball, a ball batted into foul ter- 
ritory. 

foul lines, lines extending from the 
home plate through the first and 
third bases to the extremity of the 
field. 

foul strike, a ball batted when the 
batsman is out of position, or a ball 
bunted which rolls into foul terri- 
tory; also a foul ball batted before 
the batsman has two strikes. 

foul tip, a ball that does not rise 
above the batsman's head. 

fumble, where a fielder trying to 
catch a batted ball misses by mis- 
calculation. 

fungo ball, a ball that makes an un- 
usually long flight in the air. 



game, nine innings played by each 

side. 
garden, the same as out-field. 
gobbled, a ball caught. 
grass cutter, the same as grounder. 
ground, area on which the game is 

played; includes in-field, out-field, 

and stands. 
grounder, a ball that keeps close to 

the ground. 



H 



hammered ball, one hit extra hard. 
heave, the same as throw. 
hefties, extra heavy hits. 
hit and run play, where a batsman 

signals to a base-runner that he will 

hit the next ball pitched. 
hit in the slats, where a pitched ball 

strikes the batsman. 
home base, the same as home plate. 
home plate, a piece of iron, wood, or 

marble about one foot square, 

whitened, and sunk flush with the 

ground; sometimes called the home 

base. The batsman stands here when 

at play. 
home run, a complete circuit of the 

bases made on a hit. 
honor, a particularly creditable play. 
hugging the base, a runner keeping 

close to base, fearing a surprise 

play. 

in-curve, the deviation of a pitched 

ball toward the batsman. 
in-field, space inclosed by base lines. 
in-fielders, the first, second, and 

third basemen and the short stop. - 
inner works, where the in-fielders 

play. 
innings, the time at the bat of the 

nine players representing a club in 

the game; is completed when three 

of such players have been legally 

put out. 



judge, the umpire; the first where 
there are two. 



819 



Dictionary of Baseball 



kick, to dispute the umpire. 



over-slid base, where the runner 
slides over the base. 



left field, area behind third base and 

short stop. 
left fielders, the players stationed in 

the left field. 
left on base, the same as dead on 

base. 
leg protectors, short trousers heavily 

padded at the knees and along the 

side of the leg and thigh, to prevent 

injury when sliding to a base. 
lifted, a suspended or retired player. 
lobbed ball, one thrown with slight 

speed. 
lofted, a ball struck high into the air. 
long fly, a ball batted a long distance 

in the air. 
low liner, a ball driven in a straight 

line without touching the ground. 

M 

manager, the business man of a 
team. 

mask, a face protector of leather 
and wire, worn by the catcher and 
umpire while in play. 

meander, when a runner is not com- 
pelled to make speed. 

mound, the same as pitcher's box. 

mound-man, the same as pitcher. 

muff, failure to hold a ball when 
catching it. 

N 

nine, synonymous with club or_team 



out, as to a runner, when he can ad- 
vance no further; as to the side at 
the bat, three outs retire the side. 

out-curve, the deviation of a pitched 
ball from the batsman. 

out-field, space in fair territory be- 
hind the in-field. 

out-fielders, the right, center, and 
left fielders. 

outer works, where the out-fielders 
play. 

over-run base, where the speed of 
the runner prevents his stopping at 
a base. 



p. o., on score cards, put-outs. 

pan, the same as home plate. 

pass, the same as base on ball. 

passed ball, a ball that passes the 
catcher and permits the base-runner 
to gain the next base. 

pick-up, a ball caught just after 
touching ground. 

pill, the same as ball. 

pitcher, the member of the battery 
who throws or delivers the ball. 

pitcher's box, the place where the 
pitcher must have one foot when 
delivering a ball, 60 feet from the 
home plate, and on a straight line 
with the home and second base; 
marked the same as the home 
plate. 

plate, the same as home plate. 

platter, the same as home plate. 

pop a foul, when a ball goes more 
than 10 feet in the air and lies out- 
side the fair territory. 

pound, heavy drive with the bat. 



er 



r, on score cards, runs. 
rally, the advance of a lagging team 
receiver, the same as catcher. 
retiring, putting out a base-runn< 

by any authorized means. 
right field, area back of first base 

and to the right of second base. 
right fielders, the players stationed 

in the right field. 
rise, a peculiar twist given to a ball 

by a pitcher which causes it to rise. 
roller, a ball that rolls along the 

ground after alighting. 
rode home, made an easy home run. 
rubber, the same as home plate and 

pitcher's plate. 
run, successful circuit of all bases. 
runner, the same as base-runner. 
running in, a fielder closing in on a 

batted ball. 



s. b., on score cards, stolen bases. 



! 



Dictionary of Baseball 



sacrifice hit, a hit by the batsman 
who, when no one is out or when 
but one man is out, advances a 
runner a base by a bunt hit, which 
results in the batsman being put 
out before he reaches first, or would 
so result if it were handled without 
error. 

safe hit, a clean hit, which advances 
the batsman a base. 

scalped field, a field destitute of turf. 

scoop the pill, to pick up the ball. 

scratch hit, where a ball should be 
caught, but for some reason cannot 
be. 

short field, area between second and 
third bases. 

short stop, a player stationed mid- 
way between the second and third 



shot ball, the same as biffed ball. 
shut out, failure of a team to score 

in the number of innings played. 
side, nine players. 
side out. See out. 
skied ball, a very high ball. 
skin diamond, the same as scalped 

field. 
slide, where a base-runner slides feet 

or head first to a base to prevent 

being put out. 
sliding bag, a canvas bag or cushion 

used by beginners in learning to 

slide, to bases. 
sliding spool, a spool attached to a 

taut, inclined rope, used by be- 
ginners in learning to throw a ball. 
slugger, a batsman who hits long 

distances. 
snapped ball, a short, quick throw. 
soft fly, a ball batted a short distance 

in the air. 
spit-ball, a ball on which the pitcher 

has spit, causing it to deviate in an 

uncertain direction from a straight 

line, as it moves against the air. 
spot light, a momentary center of 

attraction. 
stolen base, a base gained by a 

runner without help from a hit by 

the batsman. 
strike, when a batsman tries and fails 

to hit a delivered ball, or does not 

strike at a fair ball. 



strike-out, when three strikes have 

been called on a batsman. 
strolled, the same as base on ball. 
substitute, one who takes the place 

of another player at any stage of 

the game; a relieved player cannot 

again enter that game. 
support, the same as assist. 



tag, the same as touch. 

team, the same as nine. »" 

three-base hit, when the batsman 
makes a' hit that enables him to 
reach third base without stopping 
and without being put out. 

throw, the same as delivery. 

tickey, a batted ball caught im- 
mediately by the catcher. 

toss, a delivery by one fielder to 
another. 

touch, where a base-runner is touched 
by the ball in the hand of a fielder- 
triple play, a play where the ball is 
handed sufficiently quick to "retire" 
three men. 

twirl, the same as delivery. 

two-base hit, when the batsman 
makes a hit that enables him to 
reach second base without stopping 
and without being put out. 

U 

umpire, a person satisfactory to both 
sides, who sees that the rules are 
observed and judges various points 
and disputes. Sometimes there are 
two, one at the plate and the other 
on the bases. 

underhand throw, delivery by a 
peculiar twist of the wrist. 



W 



warm-up, a pitcher exercising to 
limber his arm. 

wild pitch, a ball pitched out of the 
reach of the catcher, enabling a base- 
runner to gain one or more bases. 

wild throw, a ball thrown beyond 
the reach of the fielder to whom it 
was directed; also one thrown too 
low. 



821 






DICTIONARY OF CHRISTIAN NAMES 

WITH 

THEIR DERIVATION, SIGNIFICATION, AND DIMINUTIVES, 
OR NICK-NAMES 



I— NAMES OF MEN 



Aaron [Heb.], lofty; inspired. 
Abel [Heb.], breath; transitoriness; 

vanity. 
Abiel [Heb.], father of strength. 
Abijah [Heb.], to whom Jehovah is 

a father. 
Abner [Heb.], father of light. 
Abraham [Heb.], father of a multi- 
tude. — Dim. Abe. 
Abram [Heb.], father of elevation. — 

Dim. Abe. 
Adam [Heb.], man; earth-man; red 

earth.— Dim. Ade. 
Adolphus [0. H. Ger.], noble wolf; i. e. 

noble hero. 
Adoniram [Heb.], lord of height. 
Alan, variously explained as a hound 

[Slav.], harmony [Celt.], and a 

corruption of Hilary, or of ^Elianus. 
Alaric [O.H Ger.], all-rich; or, noble 

ruler. 
Albert [0. H. Ger.], nobly bright; 

illustrious. 
Albion [Celt.], mountainous land; the 

ancient name of England. 
Alexander [Gr.], a defender of men. — 

Dim. ^ Aleck, Ellick, Sander, Sandy, 

Sawnie. 
Alfred [O.H. Ger.], elf in council; i. e., 

good counselor. — Dim. Alf. 
Algernon [Fr.], with whiskers. 
Alonzo [0. Ger.], the same as Al- 

phonso, q. v. 
Alpheus [Heb.], exchange. 
Alphonso [O. H. Ger.], all-ready; 

willing. 

AlvSJ [Heb.], iniquity. 

Alwin } [ °* H * Ger ' ] ' beloved b y alL 



Amariah [Heb.], whom Jehovah 

promised. 
Amasa [Heb.], a burden. 
Ambrose [Gr.], immortal; divine. 
Ammi [Heb.], my people. 
Amos [Heb.], strong; courageous: 

otherwise, burden. 
Andrew [Gr.], strong; manly. — Dim. 

Andy. 
Anselm [O. H. Ger.], protection of 

God. 
Anthony 1 [Lat.], priceless; praise- 
Antony / worthy. — Dim. Tony. 
Archibald [Ger.], extremely bold; 

otherwise, holy prince. — Dim. Archy. 
Artemis [Gr.], gift of Artemis, or 

Diana. 
Arthur [Celt.], high; noble. 
Asa [Heb.], healer; physician. 
Asahel [Heb.], made of God. 
Asaph [Heb.], a collector. 
Asher [Heb.], happy; fortunate. 
Ashur [Heb.], black; blackness. 
Augustin 1 [Lat ^ belonging t0 Au _ 

^uft U in tme t «. 

Augustus [Lat.], exalted; imperial. — 

Dim. Gus. 
Aurelius [Lat.], golden. 
Azariah [Heb.], helped of the Lord. 



B 

Ger. 



bold, coura- 



Baldwin [O.H. 

geous friend. 
Baptist [Gr.], a baptizer; purifier. 

g arna as \ son of consolation. 

Bartholomew [Heb.], a warlike son. 

Dim. Bat. 
Barzillai [Heb.], iron of the Lord; 

firm; true. 



822 



Dictionary of Christian Names of Men 



Basil [Gr.], kingly; royal. 

Benedict [Lat.], blessed — Dim. 
Bennet. 

Benjamin ^ [Heb.], son of the right 
hand. — Dim. Ben, Benny. 

Beriah [Heb.], in calamity. 

Barnard \ [0. H. Ger.], bold as a 

Bernard / bear. 

Bertram [O.H. Ger.], bright raven. 

Bezaleel [Heb.], in the shadow (pro- 
tection) of God. 

Boniface [Lat.], a benefactor. 

Brian [Celt.], strong. 

Bruno [O.H.Ger.], brown 



Cadwallader [Brit.], battle-arranger. 
Caesar [Lat.], hairy; or blue-eyed ; or, 

born under the Caesarian operation. 
Caleb [Heb.], a dog. 
Calvin [Lat.], bald. 
Cecil [Lat.], dim-sighted. 
Cephas [Aramaic], a stone. 
Charles [O.H. Ger.], strong; manly; 

noble-spirited. — Dim. Charlie, or, 

Charley. 
Christian [Lat.], belonging to Christ; 

a believer in Christ.— Dim. Christie. 
Christopher [Gr.], bearing Christ. 

— Dim. Kester, Kit, Chris. 
Clarence [Lat.], illustrious. 

Claudius} [Lat.], lame. 

Clement [Lat.], mild-tempered; mer- 
ciful. 

Conrad [O.H. Ger.], bold in coun- 
cil; resolute. 

Constant [Lat.], firm; faithful. 

Constantine [Lat.], resolute; firm. 

Cornelius [Lat.], (uncertain). 

Crispian 

Crispin [• [Lat.], having curly hair. 

Crispus J 

Cuthbert [A.-S.], noted splendor. 

Cyprian [Gr.], of Cyprus. 

Cyril [Gr.], lordly. 

Cyrus [Per.], the sun. 



Daniel [Heb.], a divine judge. — Dim. 

Dan. 
Darius [Per.], preserver. 



David [Heb.], beloved— Dim. Davy, 
Dave. 

Demetrius [Gr.], belonging to Ceres. 

Denis \ [Gr.], same as Dionysius 

Dennis / [Fr.], form. 

Derrick [O.H. Ger.], a corruption of 
Thedoric. 

Dionysius [Gr.], belonging to Di- 
onysius or Bacchus, the god of wine. 

Donald [Celt.] proud chief. 

Duncan [Celt.] brown chief. 



Eben [Heb.], a stone. 

Ebenezer [Heb.], the stone of help. 

Edgar [A.-S.], a javelin (or pro- 
tector) of property. 

Edmund [A.-S.], defender of prop- 
erty. — Dim. Ed. Ned (a contraction 
of "mine Ed"). 

Edward [A.-S.], guardian of prop- 
erty. — Dim. Ed, Eddy, Ned, Neddy, 
Teddy. 

Edwin [A.-S.], gainer of property. 
—Dim. Ed, Eddy. 

Egbert [O.H. Ger.], the sword's 
brightness; famous with the sword. 

Elbert [O. H. Ger.] the same as 
Albert. 

Eldred [A.-S.], terrible 

Eleazer [Heb.], to whom God is 
a help. 

Eli [Heb.], a foster son. 

Eliab [Heb.], God is his father. 

Elias [Heb.], the same as Elijah. 

Elihu [Heb.], God the Lord. 

Elijah [Heb.], Jehovah is my God. 

Eliphalet [Heb.], God of salvation. 

Elisha [Heb.], God my salvation. 

Elizur [Heb.], God is my rock. 

Elis [Heb.], a variation of Elisha. 

Elmer [A.-S.], noble; excellent. [A 
contraction of Ethelmer.] 

EInathan [Heb.], God gave. 

Emmanuel [Heb.], God with us. 

Emery 1 

Emmery > [A.-S.], powerful; rich. 

Emory J 

Enoch [Heb.], consecrated; dedicated. 

Enos [Heb.], man. 

Ephraim [Heb.], very faithful. 

Erasmus [Gr.], lovely; worthy to 
be loved. 



- 



Dictionary of Christian Names of Men 

Erastus [Ger.], lovely; amiable. Heman [Heb.], faithful. 

Eric [A.-S.], rich; brave; powerful. Henry [O.H. Ger.], the head or chief 

Ernest \ rr , pnrnp _ t of a house.— Dim. Hal, Harry (by 

Ernestus / L^ er -J> earnest assimilation of consonant sound), 

Ethan [Heb.], firmness; strength. Hen. 

Eugene [Ger.], wellborn; noble. Herbert [A.-S.], glory of the army, 

Eustace [Gr.], healthy; strong; Herman [0. H. Ger.], a warrior 

standing firm. Hezekiah [Heb.], strength of 

Evan [Brit.], the same as John. Lord. 

Ezekiel [Heb.], strength of God. — Hilary [Lat.], cheerful; merry. 

Dim. Zeke. Hiram [Heb.], most noble. 

Ezra [Heb.]," help. Horace [Gr.], same as Horatio. 

[Fr. form.] 

F Horatio [Gr.], (uncertain). 

' •_ , ._ „ _ «, . *,. Hosea [Heb.], salvation. 

Ferdinand [O.H. Ger.], brave; valiant. Howell [Brit.], sound; whole. 

Fernando [O. H. Ger.], same as Hubert [O. H. Ger.], bright in spirit; 

Ferdinand. soul-bright. 

Francis [Fr.], free. — Dim. Frank. Hush 1 rT ^ n • i • • i 

Frank [Fr.], a contraction of Francis. Hugo / [D.], mind; spirit; soul. 

Frederic 1 [O. H. Ger.], abounding Humphrey [A.-S.], protector of the 

Frederick J in peace; or peaceful home. 

ruler. — Dim. Fred, Freddy. 



Gaius [Lat.], rejoiced. '^mrted ^^ ^ ^^ *"* ^ 

Gamaliel [Heb.], recompense of God. ij^^ ' rn~ i «wi^+. fi Q ™ 

Garret [O.H. Ger.], another form of J*™*"" [Gr. ardent fiery 

Gerald, or Gerard. Immanuel [Heb.], the same as 

Geoffrey [O. H. Ger.], same as f Emmanuel. • , 

q ,** L J ' * a±±x * ao Increase [Eng.], increase of faith. 

George^Ger.], a landholder; hus- } n ?T7rJ Whi £™ '»* i„«t«» 

bandman.-Dim. Georgie, Geordie. Im f ° } Gt \ the same as I S natlus - 

til*; 1 ** ) [0 £'1£: ] > Str ° ng ^ Ira SP [He°bj; ] watchful. 



£rshoi [H\ h b e ], SP an r exne. Isa ~ ^.1, laughter.-Dim. Ik, 

r\?u°£ rn^' rifSLKri fc + - Isaian t Heb -L salvation of the Lord. 

flr^J L yell ° W " bright; Israel [Heb.]! a soldier of God. 

GileT [Gr.], a kid. Ivan [Brit] ' the same as John ' 

Given [Eng.], gift of God. » 

Goddard [0. Ger.], pious; virtuous. 

Godfrey [O.H. Ger.], at peace with Jabez [Heb ^ he ^ cauge pain> 

Gregory [Ger.], watchful; vigilant. Ja '° b [Heb ' ] ' a supplanter.-Dim. 

Griffith [Brit.], having great faith. ¥ . e " ITJ u -, , •„ 0T ,i:„>, +0 „ 

r*„~*.~ rQ i „ „ T „^.^«. u~„ Jairus [Heb.], he will enlighten. 

rZ Yt£i LlLl ' ^mes [Heb., the same Is Jacob. 

Guy [Fr.], a leader. _ Dim ^ Jea ^ egj Jemj Jim> JemmV) 

*» Jimmy. 

Japheth [Heb.], enlargement. 

Hannibal [Punic], grace of Baal. Jared [Heb.], descent. 

Harold [A.-S.], a champion; general Jason [Gr.], a healer, 

of an army. Jasper [Per.], (uncertain). 

824 




Dictionary of Christian Names of Men 



Jedediah [Heb.], beloved of the Lord. Leopold [0. H. Ger.], bold for the 



Jeffrey [0. H. Ger.], the same as 
Godfrey. 

Jerermas 1 [Heb.] exalted of the 
Jeremy J Lord - 
Jerome, holy name. 
Jesse [Heb.], wealth. 
Joab [Heb.], Jehovah is his father. 
Job [Heb.], afflicted; persecuted. 
Joel [Heb.], the Lord is God. 
John [Heb.], the gracious gift of 
God. — Dim. Johnny, Jack, Jock. 

Jonas') [Heb.], a dove. 
Jonathan [Heb.], gift of Jehovah. 
Joseph [Heb.], he shall add. — Dim. 
Joe. 



people. 
Levi [Heb.], adhesion. See Gen. xxix. 

34. 
Lewis [0. H. Ger.], bold warrior. — 

Dim. Lou. 
Linus [Gr.], flaxen-haired. 
Lionel [Lat.], young Hon. 
Llewellyn [Celt.], lightning. 
Loammi [Heb.], not my people. 
Lorenzo [Lat.], same as Laurence. 

[It. & Sp. forms.] 
Lot [Heb.], a veil; a covering. 
Louis [O. H. Ger.], the same as 

Lewis. [Fr. form.] 
Lucian [Lat.], belonging to, or 

sprung from, Lucius. 
Lucius [Lat.], born at break of day. 



Joshua [Heb.], God of salvation. — Ludovic [O.H. Ger.], same as Lewis. 



Dim. Josh 

Josias } [Heb - ] > S iven of the Lord - 
Jotham [Heb.], the Lord is upright 
Judah [Heb.], praised. 
Julian [Lat.], sprung from, or be- 
longing to, Julius. — Dim. Jule 



[Ger. form. 
Luke [Lat.], light. 
Luther [Ger.], illustrious warrior. 

M 

Madoc [W.], good; beneficent. 



Julius [Gr.], soft-haired. — Dim. Jule. Malachi [Heb.], messenger of the 



Justin [Lat. J, just 
Justus [Lat.], just 



Lord. 
Manasseh [Heb.], forgetfulness. 
Marcellus [Lat.], Dim. of Marcus. 
K Marcius [Lat.], same as Marcus. 

Marcus 1 [Lat.], a hammer; other- 
Kenelm [A.-S.], a defender of his Mark J wise, a male, or sprung 

kindred. from Mars. 

Kenneth [Gael.], a leader; com- Marmaduke [A.-S.], a mighty noble, 
mander. Martin [Lat.], of Mars; warlike. 

Matthew [Heb.], gift of Jehovah. — 
L Dim. Mat. 

Maurice [Lat.], Moorish; dark-col- 
Laban [Heb.], white. ored. 

Lambert [O.H. Ger.], illustrious with Maximilian [Lat.], the greatest 

landed possessions. iEmilianus. 

Lancelot [It.], a little angel; other- Micah [Heb.], who is like the Lord? 
wise, a little lance or warrior; or Michael [Heb.], who is like God? — 
a servant. Dim. Mike. 

Laurence* \ [Lat.], crowned with Miles [Lat.], a soldier. 
Lawrence /laurel. — Dim. Larry Moses [Egypt], drawn out of the 

(Lawrie, Laurie, Scot.; Larry, Irish.) water. — Dim. Mose. 
Lazarus [Heb.], God will help. 

Leander [Gr.], lion-man. N 

Lemuel [Heb.], created by God. 
Leonard [Ger.], strong; or brave as Nahum [Heb.], consolation. 

a lion Napoleon [Gr.], lion of the forest-dell. 

Leonidas [Gr.], lion-like. Nathan [Heb.], given; a gift. 

825 



Dictionary of Christian Names of Men 



Nafcel'} [Heb.], the gift of God. 
Neal 1 [Lat.], dark; swarthy; other- 
Neil / wise [Celt.], chief. - 
Nehemiah [Heb.], comfort of the 

Lord. 
Nicholas 1 [Gr.], victory of the people. 
Nicolas j — Dim. Nick. 
Noah [Heo.], rest, comfort. 
Noel [Lat. Dies Natalis], Christmas; 

born on Christmas day. 
Norman [Ger.], a Northman; a na- 
tive of Normandy. 



Obadiah [Heb.], servant of the Lord. 
Obed [Heb.], serving God. 

Octavus 5 / t Lat -]' the eighth-born. 
Oliver [Lat.], an olive-tree. 
Orestes [Gr.], a mountaineer. 
Orlando [Teut.], same as Rowland. 

[It. form.] 
Oscar [Celt.], bounding warrior. 
Oswald [O.H. Ger.], power of God. 
Owen [Celt.], lamb; otherwise, young 



Patrick [Lat.], noble; a patrician. 
—Dim. Pat, Paddy. 

pSuL } r Lat -]> little - 

Peleg [Heb.], division. 

Peregrine [Lat.], a stranger. 

Peter [Gr.}, a rock. — Dim. Pete, 

Peterkin. 
Philander [Gr.], a lover of men. 
Philemon [Gr.], loving; friendly. 
Philip [Gr.], a lover of horses. — 

Dim. Phil, Pip. 

Phlnenas } £ Heb ^ mouth of brasS ' 
Pius [Lat.], pious; dutiful. 
Pliny [Lat.], (uncertain). 
Preserved [Eng.], redeemed. 



Quintin [Lat.], the fifth. 

R 

Ralph [O. H. Ger.], same as Rodol- 
phus. 



Raphael [Heb.], the healing of God. 

Raymond [O. H. Ger.], wise pro- 
tection. 

Reginald [O.H. Ger.], strong ruler. 

Reuben [Heb.], behold, a son. 

Reuel [Heb.], friend of God. 

Reynold [O. H. Ger.], same as 
Reginald. 

Richard [O. H. Ger.], rich -hearted; 
powerful. — Dim. Dick, Dicken, 
Dickon (d and r being etymologically 
convertible) . 

Robert [O. H. Ger.], bright in fame. 
— Dim. Bob, Dob, Dobbin, Rob, 
Robin, Pop. 

Roderick }[0-H. Ger.], rich in fame. 

Rodolph \ [O. H. Ger.], famous 

Rodolphus / wolf, or hero. 

Roger [0. H. Ger.], famous- with 
the spear. — Dim. Hodge, Hodgkin 
(h and r being etymologically con- 
vertible.) 

Roland [O.H. Ger.], same as Row- 
land. [Fr. form.] 

Rowland [0. H. Ger.], fame of the 
land. 

Rudolph \ [O.H. Ger.], variation 

Rudolphus / of Rodolphus. 

Rufus [Lat.], red; red-haired. 

Rupert [O. H. Ger.], the same as 
Robert. 



Salmon [Heb.], shady. 
Samson 1 [Heb.], splendid sun; i. e., 
Sampson / great joy and felicity. 
Samuel [Heb.], heard of God; asked 

for of God. — Dim. Sam, Sammy. 
Saul [Heb.], asked for. 
Seba [Heb.], eminent. 
Sebastian [Gr.], venerable; reverend. 

lerenus } [Lat ^ calm; P eaceful - 

Seth [Heb.], appointed. 

Sigismund [O. H. Ger.], conquering 
protection. 

Silas [Lat.], a contraction of Si Ivan us. 

Silvanus [Lat.], living in a wood. 

Silvester [Lat.], bred in the coun- 
try; rustic. 

Simeon 1 [Heb.], hearing with ac- 

Simon J ceptance. — Dim. Sim. 



Solomon II 



Dictionary of Christian Names of Men 



lomon [Heb.], peaceable. — Dim. 
Sol. 
Stephen [Gr.], a crown. — Dim. Steve. Valentine 
Sylvan \ «.. 

Sylvanus / » same as Sdvanus. 
Sylvester, same as Silvester. 



[Lat . ] , strong ; healthy ; 
powerful. 
Victor [Lat.], a conqueror. 
Vincent [Lat.], conquering; victorious. 
Vivian [Lat.], lively. 



W 

Thaddeus [Syr.], the wise. 

Theobald [O. H. Ger.], bold for the Walter [O. H. Ger.], ruling the host. 



people 

Theodore [Gr.], the gift of God. 
Theodoric [A.-S.], powerful among 

the people. 
Theophilus [Gr.], a lover of God. 
Theron [Gr.l, a hunter. 



—Dim. Wat, Walt. 
William [O.H. Ger.], resolute hel- 
met, or, helmet of resolution; de- 
fense; protector. — Dim. Will, Willy, 
and (by interchange of convertible 
letters) Bill, Billy. 



Thomas [Heb.], a twin. — Dim. Tom, Winfred [A.-S.], win-peace. 

Tommy. 
Timothy [Gr.], fearing God. — Dim. . Z 

Tim. 
Titus [Gr.], (uncertain). Zabdiel [Heb.], gift of God. 

Tobiah 1 [Heb.], distinguished of the Zaccheus [Heb.], innocent; pure. 



Tobias 

Tristam 

Tristram 



Lord. — Dim. Toby. 
[Lat.], grave; pensive; mel- 
ancholy; sorrowful; sad. 

U 



[Heb.], remembered of 
the Lord. — Dim. Zach. 
], just. 

[Heb.], gift of the Lord. 



Ulysses [Gr.], a hater. 

Urban [Lat.], of the town; < 

teous; polished. 
Uriah [Heb.], light of the Lord. 
Urian [Dan.], a husbandman. 
Uriel [Heb.], light of God. 



Zachariah 

Zachary 

Zadok [He 

Zebadiah 

Zebedee 

Zebina [Heb.], bought. 

Zechariah [Heb.], the same as 

Zachariah. 
Zedekiah [Heb.], justice of the Lord. 
Zelotes [Gr.], a zealot. 
Zenas [Gr.], gift of Jupiter. 
Zephaniah [Heb.], hid of the Lord. 



II — NAMES OF WOMEN 



Abigail [Heb.], my father's joy. — 
Dim. Abby. 

Achsa [Heb.], anklet. 

Ada [O. H. Ger.], same as Edith. 

Adaline [O.H. Ger.], same as Adeline. 

Adela [O. H. Ger.], same as Adeline. 

Adelaide [0. H. Ger.], same as Ade- 
line. 

Adelia [O. H. Ger.], a variation of 
Adela. 

Adelina \ [0. H. Ger.], of noble birth; 

Adeline / a princess. — Dim. Addy. 



Agatha [Gr.], good; kind. 
Agnes [Gr.], chaste; pure. 
Alberta [0. H. Ger.], feminine of 

Albert. 
Alethea [Gr.], truth. 
Alexandra \ [Gr.], feminine of Alex- 
Alexandrina / ander. 
Alice \ [0. H. Ger.], same as Ade- 
Alicia / line. — Dim. Ally, or Allie, 

Elsie. 
Almira [Ar.], lofty; a princess. 
Althea [Gr.], a healer. 
Amabel [Lai-], lovable. 






827 



Dictionary of Christian Names of Women 



Amanda [Lat.], worthy to be loved. 
Amelia [0. H. Ger.], busy, energetic. 

See Emeline. 
Amy [Lat.], beloved. 

Anoint } t Gr -l> lOT ^; an S elic - 
Ann ) [Heb.], grace, same as Han- 
Anna \ nah. — Dim. Annie, Nancy, 
Anne J Nancy, Nan, Nina. 
Annette [Heb.], a variation of Anne. 

[Fr. form.] 
Antoinette [Gr.], diminutive of An- 

tonia. [Fr. form.] — Dim. Netty. 
Antonia [Lat.], inestimable. 
Arabella [Lat.], a fair altar; other- 
wise, an Arabian woman. — Dim. 
Bella, Bel. 
Ariana [Gr.], a corruption of Ariadne. 
Augusta [Lat.], feminine of Augustus. 
Aurelia [Lat.], feminine of Aurelius. 
Aurora [Lat.], morning redness; fresh; 
brilliant. 



B 



Barbara [Gr.], foreign; strange. — 
Dim. Bab. 

Beatrix 6 } [Lat.], making happy. 

Belinda, (uncertain). 

Bertha [0. H. Ger.], bright; beauti- 
ful. — Dim. Berty. 

Betsey [Heb.], a corruption of Eliz- 
abeth. 

il^cte }' t Teut -!> white - - 
Bridget [Celt.], strength.— Dim. Bid- 
dy. 



Camilla [Lat.], attendant at a sacri- 
fice. 

Caroline [0. H. Ger.], feminine of 
Carolus, the Latin of Charles. [Fr. 
form.] — Dim. Carrie, Caddie. 

Cassandra [Gr.], she who inflames 
with love. 

Catharina 1 [Gr.], pure. — Dim. Casy, 

Catharine J- Kate, Katrine, Kit, 

Catherine J Kitty. 

Cecilia 1 [Lat.], feminine of Cecil. 

Cecily J — Dim. Sisley, Sis, Cis. 

Celestine [Lat.], heavenly. 



Celia [Lat.], feminine of Ccelius 

[It. form.] 
Charlotte [0. H. Ger.], feminine of 

Charles, 
Chloe [Gr.], a green herb; blooming. 
Christiana \ [Gr.], feminine of 
Christina J Christianus, Lat. for 

Christian. — Dim. Chrissie, Xina. 
Cicely [Lat.], a corruption of Cecilia. 
Clara [Lat.], bright; illustrious. — 

— Dim. Clare. 
Clarice \ [Lat.], a variation of Clara 
Clarissa / — Dim. Clare. 
Claudia [Lat.], feminine of Claudius. 

cESSS } [Lat.], mild, gentle. 

Constance [Lat.], firm; constant. 

Cora [Gr.], maiden; another form of 
Corinna. 

Cordelia [Lat.], warm-hearted. 

Corinna [Gr.], maiden. 

Cornelia [Lat.], feminine of Corne- 
lius. 

Cynthia [Gr.], belonging to Mt. 
Cynthus. 



Deborah [Heb.], a bee. — Dim. Debby, 

Deb. 
Delia [Gr.], of Delos. 
Diana [Lat.], goddess. — Dim. Di, Die. 
Dinah [Heb.], judged. 
Dora [Gr.], a contraction of Dorothea. 
Dorcas [Gr.], a gazelle. 
Dorinda [Gr.], same as Dorothea. 
Dorothea 1 [Gr.], the gift of God — 
Dorothy / Dim. Dol, Dolly (1 and 

r being etymologically convertible.) 
Drusilla, (uncertain). 



Edith [0. H. Ger.], happiness; other- 
wise rich gift. 

Edna [Heb.], pleasure. 

Eleanor \ [Gr.], light; the same as 

Elinor J Helen.— Dim. Ella, Nell, 
Nora. 

Elisabeth 1 [Heb.], worshiper of God; 

Elizabeth \ consecrated to God. — 

Eliza J Dim. Bess, Bessey, 

Betsey, Betty, Lizzy, Libby, Lisa. 

Ella [Gr.], a contraction of Eleanor. 




Dictionary of Christian Names of Women 

r.] diminutive of Eleanor. Harriet \ [0. H. Ger.], feminine di- 

Elvira [Lat.], white Harriot/ minutive of Henry [Eng. 

Emehne 1 [0. H. Ger.], energetic; form.]— Dim. Hatty. 

Emmeline / industrious. Helen \ [Gr.], light.— Dim. Nell 

Emily [0. H. Ger.], same as Emeline. Helena J Nelly. 

Emma [0. H. v Ger.], same as Erne- Henrietta [0. H. Ger.], feminine and 

line.— Dun. Emm, Emmie. diminutive of Henry. [Fr. form.]— 

Ernestine [Ger.], feminine and dim. Dim. Etta, Hetty. 

of Ernest. Hephzibah ' [Heb.]', my delight is in 

Esther [Per.], star; good fortune. her. 

Ethel [O.H. Ger.], noble; of noble Hester 1 m , ^ , 

[Per.J, same as Esther. 



Hesther 

Hilaria [Lat.], feminine of Hilary. 

Honorfa } [Latl] > honorable - 
Hortensia [Lat.], a lady gardener. 
Huldah [Heb.], a weasel. 



birth, same as Adela. 

Ethelinda } [TeUt - ] ' noble Snake ' 
Eudora [Gr.], good gift. 
Eugenia [Gr.], feminine of Eugene. 
Eugenie [Gr.], same as Eugenia. 

[Fr. form. ] 

Eulalia [Gr.], fair speech. I 

Eunice [Gr.], happy victory. Ida [0. H. Ger.], godlike. 

Euphemia [Gr.], of good report.— Inez [Gr.], the same as Agnes. [Pg. 
' Dim. Effie. form.] 

Eva [Heb.], life. Irene [Gr.], peaceful. 

Evangeline [Gr.], bringing glad news. Isabel \ [Heb.], the same as Eliz- 
Eve [Heb.], the same as Eva. Isabella J abeth. — Dim. Bel, Bella. 

Evelina ) [Heb.], diminutive of Eva. 
Eveline / [It. form.] J 

Jamesina [Heb.], feminine of James. 
F Jane [Heb.], feminine of John. — 

Fanny [Ger.], a diminutive of Frances . same as Joanna- 
Faustina [Lat.], lucky. 



Jeanne 



Felicia [Lat.], happiness. 

Fidelia [Lat.], faithful. 

Flora [Lat.], flowers. 

Florence [Lat.], blooming; flourishing. *j eanne 

Frances [Ger.], feminine of Francis. Jea nnette 

—Dim. Fanny, Frank. Jemima 

Frederica [0. H. Ger.], feminine of J ¥ erusn a 

Frederick. — Dim. Freddie. 



Janet [Heb.]. Dim. of Jane. 
Jaqueline [Heb.], feminine of James. 
[Fr. form]. 

[Heb.], the same as Jane. 
or Joan. [Fr. forms.] 



Georgiana 1 [Gr.], feminine of 
Georgina / George. 
Ger al dine, feminine of Gerald. 
Gertrude [0. H. Ger.], spear-maiden. 
— Dim. Gertie, Trudy. 

Gratfa } [Lat * ] ' graCe ' faVor - 
Griselda [Teut.], stone -heroine. — 
Dim. Grissel. 

H 

Hannah [Heb.], the same as Anna. 



[Heb.], a dove. 

[Heb.], possessed; married. 

[Heb.], feminine of John. 

[Heb.], feminine of 
Joseph — Dim. Jozy, 



Joan 
Joanna 
Josepha 
Josephine 

Pheny. 
Joyce [Lat.], sportive. 
Judith [Heb.], praised. — Dim. Judy. 
Julia [Lat.], feminine of Julius. 
Juliana [Lat.], feminine of Julian. 
Juliet [Lat.], diminutive of Julia. 

[Fr. form.] 
Justina [Lat.], feminine of Justin. 



Katharine 
Katherine 



[Gr.], same as Cath- 
arine. 



829 



Dictionary of Christian Names of Women 



Keturah [Heb.], incense. 
Keziah [Heb.], cassia. 



Laura [Lat.], a laurel. 
Lavinia [Lat.], of Latium. 
Leonora [Gr.], same as Eleanor. 
Letitia [Lat.], happiness. 
Lettice, a corruption of Letitia. 

Li"- } [Lat.], lily. 

Lois [Gr.], good; desirable. 
Louisa \ [O. H. Ger.], feminine of 
Louise / Louis. — Dim. Louie. 
Lucia [Lat.], same as Lucy. [It. 

form.] 
Lucinda [Lat.], the same as Lucy. 
Lucretia [Lat.], gain; otherwise, light. 
Lucy [Lat.], feminine of Lucius. 
Lydia [Gr.], a native of Lydia, in 

Asia Minor. 



• Dim. Mat, Matty, Maud, Patty (m 

and p being convertible). 
Maud, a contraction of Mathilda. 

or Magdalene. 
May, a diminutive of Mary. 
Mehetabel Y [Heb.], benefited of 
Mehitable J God. 
Melicent [Lat.], sweet singer. 
Melissa [Gr.], a bee. 
Mildred [Ger.], mild threatener. 
Miranda [Lat.], admirable. 
Miriam [Heb.], the same as Mary. 
Myra [Gr.], she who weeps or laments. 



N 



Nancy, a familiar form of Anne. 

— Dim. Nan, Nance, Nina. 
Nora, a contraction of Honora. 



M 



Octavia [Lat.], feminine of Octa- 
vius. — Dim. Tavy, Tave. 

Olivfa } ^at.], an olive - 
a contraction of Ophelia [Gr.], serpent. 

Olympia [Gr.], heavenly. 



Mabel [Lat.] 

Amabel. 
Madeline [Heb.], same as Mag- 
dalene. [Fr. form]. 
Magdalene [Heb.]. Belonging to 

Magdala. — Dim. Maud, Maudlin. 
Marcella [Lat.], feminine of Mar- 

cellus. 
Marcia, feminine of Marcius. 
Margaret [Gr.], a pearl.— Dim. Persis "[Gr.], a" Persian woman 

Gritty, Mag, Madge, Maggy, Margie, Philippa [Gr.], feminine of Philip. 

Margery, Meg, Meggy, Meta, Peg, Phoebe [Gr.], pure; radiant.— Dim. 

Peggy (m and p being cognate let- Phebe. 



Paula [Lat.], feminine of Paul. 
Paulina \ [Lat.], feminine of Pau- 
Pauline / linus. 
Penelope [Gr.], a weaver. 



Phebe [Gr.], the same as Phoebe. 
Phyllis [Gr.], a green bough. 
Polly [Eng.], variation of Molly. 
Priscilla [Lat.], somewhat old. 



ters). 
Maria [Heb.], the same as Mary. 
Marie [Heb.], the same as Mary. 

[Lat. form.] 
Marianne [Heb.], a compound of 

Mary and Anne. r 

Marion [Heb.], a French form of 

Mary. Rachel [Heb.], a ewe. 

Martha [Heb.], the ruler of the house; Rebecca \ [Heb.], of enchanting 

otherwise sorrowful. — Dim. Mat, Rebekah J beauty. — Dim. Becky. 

Matty, Pat, Patty. Rhoda [Ger.], a rose. 

Mary [Heb.], bitter; otherwise their Rosa [Lat.]. a rose. 

rebellion, or star of the sea. — Dim. Rosabel 1 rT . -i _ r • „„ Q 

Moll, Molly, Pol, Polly, May. Rosabella / [ljat - Jj a tair rose * 

Mathilda \ [0. H. Ger.], mighty bat- Rosalia \ [Lat.], little and blooming 
Matilda j tie-maid; heroine. — Rosalie / rose. [Fr. and It. forms.] 

830 




Dictionary of Christian Names of Women 



, Rosalind [Lat.], beautiful as a rose. 
• Rosamond [Teut.], horse-protection, 
i. e. famous protection. 

Roxana [Per.], dawn of day. 

Ruth [Heb.], beauty. 



Sabina [Lat.], a Sabine woman. 
Salome [Heb.], peaceful. 
Sara 1 [Heb.], a princess. — Dim. 
Sarah J Sal, Sally. 
Selina [Gr.], parsley. 
Serena [Lat.], feminine of Serenus 
or Sereno. 

Sibylla ) t Gr - ] ' a Prophetess. 
Sophia [Gr.], wisdom. — Dim. Sophy. 
Sophronia [Gr.], of a sound mind. 
Stella [Lat.], a star. 
Stephana [Gr.], feminine of Stephen, 

Jusanna 1 [Heb " ] ' a "ly.— Dim. 
Susannah 



[Heb.], a . 

Sue, Suke, Suky, Suzy. 



Tabitha [Syr.], a gazelle. 

Theodora [Gr.], feminine of Theo- 
dore. — Dim. Dora. 

Theodosia [Gr.], the gift of God. 

Theresa [Gr.], carrying ears of 
corn. — Dim. Terry, Tracy. 



Tryphena [Gr.], delicate; luxurious. 
Tryphosa [Gr.], luxurious; dainty. 



U 



Ulrica [0. H. Ger.], rich. 
Urania [Gr.], heavenly ;- 

of one of the Muses. 
Ursula [Lat.], she-bear. 



-the name 



Valeria [Lat.], feminine of Valerius. 
Victoria [Lat.], victory; feminine of 

Victor. 
Vida [Erse.], feminine of David. 
Viola [Lat.], a violet. 
Virginia [Lat.], virgin; pure. 
Vivian [Lat.], lively. 



W 



Wilhelmina [0. H. Ger.], femi- 
nine of Wilhelm. German of 
William.— Dim. Wilmett, Wilmot, 
Mina, Minella. 

Winifred [Teut.], lover of peace. 



Zenobia [Gr.], 
Jupiter. 



Z 

having life 



from 




831 



DICTIONARY OF CLASSICAL ABBREVIATIONS 



A. Absolvo. iEdilis, JEs, Ager, Ago, 

Aio, Amicus, Annus, Antiquo, Auc- 

tor, Auditor, Augustus, Aulus, Aur- 

um, Aut. 
A.A. Ms alienuni, Ante audita, Apud 

agrum, Aurum argentum. 
A.A. Augusti AAA. Augusti tres. 
A.A.A.F.F. Auro argento aere flando 

i'eriundo. 
A.A.V. Alter ambove. 
A.C. Acta causa, Alius civis. 
A.D. Ante diem; e.g., A.D.V. Ante 

diem quintum. 
A.D. A. Ad dandos agros. 
JED. JEdes, Mdihs, ^Edilitas. 
JEM. and AIM. iEmilius, ^Emilia. 
JER JErarixxm. JER.P. Mve publico. 
A.F. Actum fide, Auli films. 
AG. Agter, Ago, Agrippa. 
A.G. Animo grato, Aulus Gellius. 
A.L.i^E. and A.L.E. Arbitrium litis 

aestimandte. 
A.M. and A. MILL. Ad milliarium. 
AN. Aniensis, Annus, Ante. 
ANN. Annales, Anni, Annona. 
ANT. Ante, Antonius. 
A.O. Alii omnes, Amico optimo. 
AP. Appius, Apud. 
A.P. Ad pedes iEdilitia potestate. 
A.P.F. Auro (or argento) publico 

feriundo. 
A.P.M. Amico posuit monumentum, 

Annorum plus minus. 
A.P.R.C. Anno post Roman condi- 

tam. 
ARG. Argentum. 

AR.V.V.D.D. Aram votam volens 

dedicavit, Arma votiva dono dedit. 

AT. A tergo. Also A TE. and A TER. 

A.T.M.D.O. Aio te mihi dare opor- 

tere. 
AV. Augur, Augustus, Aurelius. 
A.V. Annos vixit. 
A.V.C. Ab urbe condita. 
AVG. Augur, Augustus. 
AVGG. Augusti (generally of two) 
AVGGG. Augusti tres. 



HH 



AVT.PR.R. Auctoritas provinciae Ro 

manorum. 
B. Balbius, Balbus, Beatus, Bene, 

Beneficiarius, Beneficium, Bonus, 

Brutus, Bustum. 

B. for V. Berna, Bivus, Bixit. 

B.A. Bixit annos, Bonis auguriis, 

Bonus amabilis. 
BB. or B.B. Bene, bene, i.e., optime, 

Optimus. 
B.D. Bonae deae, Bonum datum. 
B.DD. Bonis deabus. 
B.D.S.M. Bene de se merenti. 
B.F. Bona femina, Bona fides, Bona 

fortuna, Bonum factum. 
B.F. Bona femina, Bona filia. 
B.H. Bona hereditaria, Bonorum 

heres. 
B.I. Bonum judicium. B.I.I. Boni 

judicis, judicium. 
B.M. Beatae memoriae, Bene merenti. 
B.N. Bona nostra, Bonum nomen. 
BN.H.I.. Bona hie invenies. 
B.P. Bona paterna, Bonorum potes- 

tas, Bonum publicum. 
B.Q. Bene quiescat, Bona quaesita. 
B.RP.N. Bono reipublicae natus. 
BRT. Britannicus. 
B.T. Bonorum tutor, Brevi tempore. 
B.V. Bene vale, Bene vixit, Bonus 

vir. 
B.V.V. Balnea vina Venus. 
BX. Bixit, for vixit. 

C. Caesar, Caius, Caput, Causa, Cen- 
sor, Civis, Cohors, Colonia, Comiti- 
alis (dies), Condemno, Consul, Cum, 
Curo, Custos. 

C. Caia, Centuria, Cum, the prefix 

Con. 
C.B. Civis bonus, Commune bonum, 

Conjugi benemerenti, Cui bono. 
C.C. Calumniae causa, Causa cognita, 

Conjugi carissimae, Consilium cepit, 

Curiae consulto. 
C.C.C. Calumniae cavendae causa. 
C.C.F. Caesar (or Caius) curavit 

faciendum, Caius Caii filius. 



Dictionary of Classical Abbreviations 



CC.W. Clarissimi viri. 

CD. Csesaris decreto, Caius Decius, 

Comitialibus diebus. 
CES. Censor, Censores. CESS. Cen- 

sores. 
C.F. Causa fiduciae, Conjugi fecit, 

Curavit faciendum. 
C.H. Custos heredum, Custos hortor- 

um. 
C.I. Caius Julius, Consul j ussit, Cura- 
vit judex. 
CL. Clarissimus, Claudius, Clodius, 

Colonia. 
CL.V. Clarissimus vir, Clypeum vovit. 
CM. Caius Marius, Causa mortis. 
CN. Cnaeus. 
COH. Coheres, Conors. 
COL. Collega, Collegium, Colonia, 

Columna. 
COLL. Collega, Coloni, Coloniae. 
COM. Comes, Comitium, Compara- 

tum. 
CON. Conjux, Consensus, ConsiKar- 

ius, Consul, Consularis. 
COR. Cornelia (tribus), Cornelius, 

Corona, Corpus. 
COS. Consiliarius, Consul, Consul- 
ares. COSS. Consules. 
CP. Carissimus or Clarissimus puer, 

Civis publicus, Curavit ponendum. 
C.R. Caius Rufus, Civis Romanus, 

Curavit reficiendum. 
CS. Caesar, Communis, Consul. 
CV. Claeissimus or Consularis vir. 
CVR. Cura, Curator, Curavit, Curia. 
D. Dat, .Dedit, &c, De, Decimus, 
Decius, Decretum, Decurio, Deus 
Dicit, &c, Dies, Divus, Dominus, 
Domus, Donum. 
D.C. Decurio colonise, Diebus comi- 
tialibus, Divus Caesar. 
D.D. Dea Dia, Decurionum decreto, 

Dedicavit, Deo dedit, Dono dedit. 
D.D.D. Datum decreto decurionum, 

Dono dedit dedicavit. 
D.E.R. Deeare. 
DES. Designatus. 
D.I. Dedit imperator, Diis irnmorta- 

libus, Diis inferis, 
D.I.M. Deo invicto Mithrae, Diis 

inferis Manibus. 
D.M. Deo Magno, Dignus Memoria, 

Diis Manibus, Dolo Malo. 
D.O.M. Deo Optimo Maximo. 



D.P.S. Dedit proprio sumptu, Deo 
perpetuo sacrum, De pecunia sua. 

E. Ejus, Eques, Erexit, Ergo, Est, Et, 
Et am, Ex. 

EG. iEger, Egit, Egregius. 

E.M. Egregiae memoriae, Ejusmodi, 

Erexit monumentum. 
EQ.M. Equitum magister. 
E.R.A. Ea res agitur. 

F. Fabius, Facere, Fecit, &c, Familia, 
Fastus (dies), Felix, Femina, Fides, 
Filius, Flamen, Fortuna, Frater, 
Fuit, Functus. 

F.C. Faciendum curavit, Fidei com- 

missum, Fiduciae causa. 
F.D. Fidem dedit, Flamen Dialis, 

Fraude donavit. 
F.F.F. Ferro flamma fame, Fortior 

fortuna fato. 
FL. Filius, Flamen, Flaminius, Flav- 

ius. 
.F.L. Favete, linguis, Fecit libens, 

Felix liber. 
FR. Forum Fronte, Frumentarius. 
F.R. Forum Romanum. 

G. Gaius (=Caius), Gallia, Gaudium, 
Gellius, Gemina, Gens, Gesta, 
Gratia. 

G.F. Gemina fidelis (applied to a 

legion). So G.P.F. Gemina pia 

fidelis*. 
GL. Gloria. 
GN. Genius, "Gens, Genus, Gnaeus 

(= Cnaeus). 
G.P.R. Genio populi Romani. 
H. Habet, Heres, Hie, Homo, Honor, 

Hora. 
HER. Heres, Herennius. HER. and 

HERC Hercules. 
H.L. Hac lege, Hoc loco, Honesto loco. 
H.M. Hoc monumentum, Honesta 

mulier, Hora mala. 
H.S.E. Hie sepultus est, Hie situs - 
H.V. Haec urbs, Hie vivit, Honeste 

visit, Honestus vir. 
I. Immortalis, Imperator, In, Infra, 

Inter, Invictus, Ipse, Isis, Judex, 

Julius, Junius, Jupiter, Justus. 
IA. Jam, Intra. 
I.C Julius Caesar, Juris Consultum, 

Jus civile. 
ID. Idem, Idus, Interdum. 
I.D. Inferis diis, Jovi dedicatum, Jus 

dicendum, Jussu Dei. 



Die. 65 



833 



Dictionary of Classical Abbreviations 



t.D.M. Jovi deo magno. 

I.F. In foro, In fronte. 

I.H. Jacet hie, In honestatem, Justus 
homo. 

IM. Imago, Immortalis, Immunis, 
Impensa. 

IMP. Imperator, Imperium. 

I.O.M. Jovi optimo maximo. 

I. P. In publico, Intra provinciam, 
Justa persona. 

I.S.V.P. Impensa sua vivus posuit. 

K. Kaeso, Cai, Calumnia, Caput, 
Carus, Castra. 

K., KAL., and KL. Kalendse. 

L. Laelius, Legio, Lex, Libens, Liber, 
Libra, Locus, Lollius, Lucius, Ludus. 

LB. Libens, Liberi, Libertus. 

L.D.D.D. Locus datus decreto decur- 
. ionum. 

LEG. Legatus, Legio. 

LIB. Liber, Liberalitas, Libertas, 
Libertus, Librarius. 

LL. Leges, Libentissime, Liberti. 

L.M. Libens merito, Locus monumenti. 

L.S. Laribus sacrum, Libens solvit, 
Locus sacer. 

LVD. Ludus. 

LV.P.F. Ludos publicos fecit 

M. M agister, Magistratus, Magnus, 
Manes, Marcus, Marius, Marti, 
Mater, Memoria, Mensis, Miles, 
Monumentum, Mortuus, Mucius, 
Mulier. 

M'. Manius. 

M.D. Magno Deo, Manibus diis, 
Matri deum, Merenti dedit. 

MES, Mensis. MESS, Menses. 

M.F. Mala fides, Marci films, Monu- 
mentum fecit. 

M.I. Matri Idaeae, Matri Isidi, Maxi- 
mo Jovi. 

MNT. and MON. Moneta. 

M.P. Male positus, Monumentum 
posuit. 

M.S. Manibus sacrum, Memorise 
sacrum, Manuscriptum. pium; so 

MVN. Municeps, or municilC. 
also MN., MV., and MVN, Merito 

M.V«S. Marti ultori sacrum 
votum solvit. 

N. Natio, Natus, Nefastus (dies), 
Nepos, Neptunus, Nero, Nomen, 
Non, Nonse, Noster, Novus, Numen, 
Numerius, Numerus, Nummus. 



NEP. Nepos, Neptunus. 
N.F.C. Nostras fidei commissum. 
N.L. Non licet, Non liquet, Non longe. 
N.M.V. Nobilis memoriae vir. 
NN. Nostri. NN., NNO., and NNR. 

Nostrorum. 
NOB. Nobilis. NOB., NOBR., and 

NOV. Novembris. 
N.P. Nefastus primo {i.e., priore 

parte diei), Non potest. 
O. Ob, Ofncium, Omnis, Oportet, 

Optimus, Opus, Ossa. 
OB. Obiit, Obiter, Orbis. 
O.C.S. Ob cives servatos. 
O.H.F. Omnibus honoribus functus. 
O.H.S.S. Ossa hie sita sunt. 
OR. Hora, Ordo, Ornamentum. 
O.T.B.Q. Ossa tua bene quiescant. 
P. Pars, Passus, Pater, Patronus, Pax, 

Perpetuus, Pes, Pius, Plebs, Pondo, 

Populus, Post, Posuit, Praeses, Prae- 
tor, Primus Pro, Provincia, Publi- 

cus, Publius, Puer. 
P.C. Pactum conventum, Patres con- 

scripti, Pecunia constituta, Ponen- 

dum curavit, Post consultatum, 

Potestate censoria. 
P.F. Pia fidelis, Pius felix, Promissa 

fides, Publii filius. 
P.M. _ Piae memoriae, Plus minus, 

Pontifex maximus. 
P.P. Pater patratus, Pater patriae, 

Pecunia publica, Praepositus, Primi- 

pilus, Propraetor. 
PR. Praeses, Praetor, Pridie, Princeps. 
P.R. Permissu reipublicae, Populus 

Romanus. 
P.R.C. Post Romam conditam. 
PR. PR. Praefectus praetorii, Proprae- 
tor. 
P.S. Pecunia sua, Plebiscitum, Pro- 

prio sumptu, Publicae saluti. 
P.V. Pia victrix, Praefectus urbi, 

Praestantissimus vir. 
Q. Quaestor, Quando, Quantus, Que, 

Qui, Quinquennalis, Quintus, Quiri- 

tes. 
Q.D.R. Qua de re. 
Q.I.S.S. Quae infra scripta sunt; so 

Q.S.S.S. Quae supra, &c. 
QQ. Quaecumque, Quinquennalis, 

Quoque. 
Q.R. Quaestor reipublicae. 
R. Recte, Res, Respublica, Retro f 



834 



-•-- 



Dictionary of Classical Abbreviations 



Rex, Ripa, Roma, Romanus, Rufus, 

Rursus. 
R.C. Romana civitas, Romanus civis. 
RESP. and RP. Respublica. 
RET.P. and RP. Retro pedes. 
S* Sacrum, Scriptus, Semis, Senatus, 

Sepultus, Servius, Servus, Sextus, 

Sibi, Sine, Situs, Solus, Solvit, Sub, 

Suus. 
SAC. Sacerdos, Sacrificium, Sacrum. 
S.C. Senatus consultum. 
S.D. Sacrum diis, Salutem dicit, 

Senatus decreto, Sententiam dedit. 
S.D.M. Sacrum diis Manibus, Sine 

dolo malo. 
SER. Servius, Servus. 
S.E.T.L. Sit ei terra levis. 
SN. Senatus, Sententia, Sine. 
S.P. Sacerdos perpetua, Sine pecunia, 

Sua pecunia. 
S.P.QR. Senatus populusqUe Ro- 
manus. 
S.S._ Sanctissimus senatus, Supra 

scriptum. 
S.V.B.E.E.Q.V. Si vales bene est, ego 

quidem valeo. 



T. Terminus, Testamentum, Titus, 

Tribunus, Tu, Turma, Tutor. 
TB., TL, and TIB. Tiberius. 
TB., TR., and TRB. Tribunus. 
T.F. Testamentum fecit, Titi filius, 

Titulum fecit, Titus, Flavius. 
TM. Terminus, Testamentum, Ther- 

mae. 
T.P. Terminum posuit, Tribunicia 

potestate, Tribunus plebis. 
TVL. Tullius, Tullus. 
V. Urbs, Usus, Uxor, Vale, Verba, 

Vestalis, Vester, Vir, Vivus, Vixit, 

Volo, Votum. 
V.A. Veterano assignatus, Vixit an- 

nos. 
V.C. Vale «onjux, Vir clarissimus, Vir 

consularis. 
V.E. Verum etiam, Vir egregius, 

Visum est. 
V.F. Usus fructus, Verba fecit, Vivus 

fecit. 
V.P. Urbis prsefectus, Vir perfectissi- 

mus, Vivus posuit. 
V.R. Urbs Roma, Uti rogas, Votum 

eddidit. 



835 



DICTIONARY OF COMMERCE AND LAW 



a, capital A endorsed on the face of 
an account or document may mean 
audited, accepted, or approved. Small 
a, written @, means at, as, 10 yds. 
@ 14 cts. 

al, of first quality. Used technically 
in shipping, but applied to other 
matters. The mark originated with 
the English Lloyds, who rate vessels 
Al, A2, and so down. In the 
American system the registry de- 
scends from A by fractions, Al, 
AIM, Aiy 2 , Alfi, A2. 

abandonment, in marine insurance, 
the abandonment of property in- 
sured to the insurers. 

abatement, amount deducted from 
a brll for any cause; a discount; 
removal of a nuisance. 

abator, one who removes a nuisance. 

abeyance, held in suspense, as an 
unsettled estate. 

abstract, abridgment or epitome of 
a deed or other document. 

acceptance, agreement by the drawee 
of negotiable paper to pay the same. 
Agreement to terms offered. 

acceptance supra protest, agree- 
ment to pay a note or bill after it 
has been protested, for the honor of 
the maker or an indorser. 

acceptor, he who by his signature 
makes acceptance. 

accession, acquiring property at- 
tached as an incident. 

accessory, one who instigates, en- 
courages or aids in the offense of 
another. 

accommodation paper, notes or 
bills not representing an actual sale 
or trade transaction, but merely 
drawn to be discounted for the 
benefit of drawer, acceptor or in- 
dorsers, or all combined. 

accord and satisfaction, offer and 



acceptance of one thing in place 
of another due. 

account, a statement of sums and 
amounts due from one person to 
another and their offsets, - arising 
from mutual transactions. Sum- 
mary of debits and credits. 

accountant, an expert in examining 
books. 

account current, a running account 
for a certain period, showing what 
is due at the present time. 

account sales, the account of a 
broker or commission agent, show- 
ing amount and rate of sales, ex- 
penses of freight, commission, etc., 
and net amount due the principal. 

accretion, gradual increasje of land 
through natural causes. 

accroach, to attempt to use power 
without authority. 

accrue, to increase, to be due 
profits. 

acknowledgment, a receipt, 
law, admission of facts. 

acquittance, a written receipt in 
full, or discharge from all claims. 

act, a formal writing expressing what 
has been done, as, an act of Con- 
gress, an act of bankruptcy. 

actionaire [Fr.], the holder of shares 
in a stock company. 

actuary, officer of a life insurance 
company; expert in vital statistics 
and annuities. 

act of God, a cause of injury not 
to be prevented by human means. 

adjustment, settlement of claims in 
marine or fire insurance. Deter- 
mining amount of loss and liability. 
In accounts, the settling of a dis- 
puted account. 

admiralty court, a court having 
jurisdiction in maritime matters. 

ad valorem [Lat.], according to the 
value. 

ad valorem duties, duties levied on 



as 



In 



836 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



goods according to value; not by aliquot part, a number contained 

quantity, weight or measure. Op- within a larger number an exact 

posed to specific duties. number of times. 

administer, to settle an estate as allegation, rule for obtaining the 

administrator or executor. . proportion of ingredients ia making 

administrator, one who has charge mixtures, and the value of such 

of the estate of a man dying without mixtures. 

a will, or appointed in place of an allonge [Fr.], a paper pasted on a 

executor. note or bill of exchange to allow 

advance, increase in value. more indorsements than the bill 

advances, money paid before goods has room for. 

are delivered to buyer, or sold by allegiance, obedience and support 

broker. due to the government. 

adventure, shipment of goods on allotment ticket, order for pay- 
shipper's own account. Merchants ment of wages to seaman's family 
keep a debit and credit account with at stated intervals during the voy- 
each enterprise, as, Adventure to age. 
Rio Janeiro. allow, to yield to another's profit; to 

adventure, bill of, writing signed concede; to discount. 

by master of ship which carries allowance, deduction from gross 

goods at the owner's risk. weight or amount. Sailor's rations. 

adventure in co., shipment of goods alloy [Fr., a la loi.], baser metal in- 

at joint risk of shipper and consignee. troduced in coinage; the union of 



adverse possession, possession of 
real property avowedly contrary to 
the claim of another person. 

advice, mercantile information sent 
by letter, called letter of advice. 

affiant, one who makes an affidavit. 

affidavit, declaration under oath. 

affiliation 
nity 



different metals. Neither of the 
precious metals is used in absolute 
purity in coinage. Gold is alloyed 
with silver or copper; silver, with 
nickel, brass, or copper. The pro- 
portion of alloy differs in different 
countries, 
establishment of pater- alluvion, gradual increase of the 
shore of a stream. 



affinity, connection resulting from amotion, a turning away or removal. 

marriage. amount gross, the total sum or 

affreightment, the act of hiring a aggregate. 

ship for transportation of goods. amount net, total sum less proper 

agent, one who acts for another. deduction for expenses, discount, or 

aggravation, in law, something en- charges. 

hancing crime or increasing damages, ancestor, in law, embraces collat- 

agio [Ital.], difference in value be- erals as well as lineals. 

tween bank notes and gold, or be- anchorage, a spot near shore where 

tween one kind of paper money and ships are in safety. Holding ground. 



another. 
agiotage, speculation on fluctuation 

of public securities. 
agrarian, relating to land. 
agreement, a contract. Literally, 

the meeting of minds. 
alias [Lat.], a second or assumed 

name. 



ancient writings, deeds thirty years 
old may be admitted to evidence 
without proof. 

anker, a foreign measure of about 
ten gallons. 

annex, to take permanently, as to 
annex territory; fixtures are an- 
nexed to the freehold. 



alien, one of foreign birth and alle- annuity, a sum paid yearly or at 

giance. stated intervals. 

alimony, in divorce law, provision answer, to be responsible for; to 

for support of a wife. reply. 

837 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



antedate, to date beforehand. 

application, in insurance, the first 
step in obtaining a policy. 

appellate jurisdiction, courts hav- 
ing power to review decisions of 
lower courts. 

apply, to dispose of in a particular 
manner, as, to apply funds in pay- 
ment of a note. 

appraisement, ascertaining the value 
of goods or property. 

appraiser, he who appraises. In par- 
ticular, an officer of government 
who ascertains the value of dutiable 
goods. 

appreciate, to rise in value. 

apprentice, a minor bound out to 
learn a trade. 

apprize, another form of appraise. 

appropriation, setting apart for a 
specific purpose. Government grant 
of money. 

appurtenance, something incidental 
to another. 

arbitration, settlement of disputed 
claims or accounts by arbitrators. 

arbitrators, disinterested parties 
called in to settle disputes. 

arbitration of exchanges, com- 
parison of currency of intermediate 
places, to discover whether it is more 
profitable to forward money directly 
or indirectly. 

archives, state papers, records, char- 
ters, and other important docu- 
ments. 

article, a single piece of goods; a 
division of a document or contract. 

arson, the malicious burning of an- 
other's house. 

articles of partnership, the contract 
between the parties. 

articles of war, rules for the govern- 
ment of army and navy. 

assay, to test the purity of precious 
metals. 

assess, to levy a tax or share of ex- 
penses. 

assets, funds of an individual, firm, 
or corporation; resources; opposed 
to liabilities. 

assignats, paper money of France 
after the Revolution, never redeemed. 

assignee, a person to whom an as- 



signment is made; trustee for the 
creditors of a bankrupt estate. 

assignment, conditional transfer of 
property for safe keeping, or ad- 
justment. 

assignor, one who transfers his prop- 
erty to assignees for the benefit of 
creditors or for other reasons. 

assizes [Eng.l, a criminal court for 
jury trials held from place to place. 

association, a body of men; a stock 
company; a society. 

assortment, a quantity of goods 
varying in form, color, style, size, 
or price. 

assumpsit, an action to recover 
damages for breach of contract. 

assurance, nearly synonymous with 
insurance; an agreement to pay on 
a contingency sure to occur. 

attachment, a seizure of property 
or person by order of the court, to 
be held until the cause is decided. 

attest, to witness by signature a 
document or judicial act. 

attorney, * an agent ; an officer of the 
court; a counselor. 

attorney, power of, written au- 
thority for one person to act for 
another. 

attorney general, the chief law 
officer of the government. 

attorn, to agree to become tenant 
to one to whom reversion has been 
granted. 

auction, public sale to highest bidder. 

auctioneer, a person licensed to 
sell by auction. 

audit, to scrutinize accounts and 
vouchers. 

auditor, one authorized to examine 
accounts; an officer of the United 
States Treasury. 

aver, to assert formally. 

average, the mean value; medium 
quality; a fair sample. 

average, general, in marine insur- 
ance, a proportionate contribution 
levied on ship and goods to cover 
necessary sacrifice of a par*,. 

average, particular, partial damage 
of ship alone, or of cargo alone, 
arising from ordinary wear and tear 
or mishaps. 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



average, petty, small charges, such 
as pilotage, port charges, and the 
like, borne in part by ship and part 
by cargo. 

average of payments, method of 
finding the time when payment may 
be made of several sums due at dif- 
ferent dates without loss to either 
party. 

avoid, in law, to nullify. 

avulsion, lands torn by the current 
from one estate and added to an- 
other. 



B 



bail, a surety for appearance; the 

amount pledged. 
bailments, in law of contracts, de- 
livery of goods for some purpose. 
balance, difference necessary to make 

debit and credit sides of an account 

equal; weighing scales. 
balance account, an account made 

up of balances of different accounts; 

a brief summary of the state of a 

business. 
oalance sheet, a paper giving a 

summary and balance of accounts. 
balance of trade, difference in value 

between total exports and imports 

of a country, 
ballast, weight used to steady a 

ship; in balance, loaded with ballast 

instead of cargo. 
bale, a package of goods or produce. 
banco, difference between bank value 

and current value of money. 
bank, an institution for deposit, dis- 
count, and circulation, 
i bankable, capable of passing at par 

at a bank. 
bankbook, passbook of a bank, 

showing state of depositor's account. 
bank hours, usually from 9 or 10 

a. m. to 3 p. m. 
banker, a dealer in money; one 

entrusted with funds by others. 
bankrupt, one unable to meet his 

business liabilities; the word liter- 
ally means broken up. 
bank stock, shares in a banking 

company; paid up capital of a bank 

divided into shares. 



bar, a final defense; profession of law. 

bargain, an agreement of sale; an 
advantageous commercial transac- 
tion. 

barque or bark, a three-masltd ves- 
sel, rigged square as to fore and 
main masts, and "fore and aft" as 
to mizzen mast. 

barratry, in shipping, any wilful 
breach of duty or trust by master or 
crew, as against owners or insurers; 
in common law, malicious stirring 
up of litigation. 

barrel, a measure of capacity, con- 
taining 313^ gallons, wine measure; 
36 gallons, beer measure; 32 gallons, 
ale measure. 

barrel bulk, in freight measure- 
ment, 5 cubic feet. 

barrister, English name for a lawyer 
who practices in the courts. 

barter, to exchange one kind of 
goods for another. 

base court, an inferior court, not 
one of record. 

bazaar [Turk.], place of trade; 
specially applied to shops for sale of 
fancy articles. 

beacon, general word for light-house 
or light-ship. 

bear, in stock exchange slang, one 
who strives to depress the price of 
stocks. 

bearer, he who holds and presents 
for payment a note, bill, check, or 
draft. 

bearer, payable to, negotiable paper 
so drawn need not be indorsed. 

bench warrant, one issued by a 
superior court judge. 

bill, a statement of accounts due; 
general term for all negotiable paper. 

bill book, in bookkeeping, the ac- 
count kept of all notes, drafts and 
bills of exchange. 

billhead, a printed form of bills, 
with business address at the top. 

bill of discovery, * application to 
equity court to compel disclosure of 
facts. 

bill of entry, a bill of goods entered 
at the custom-house. 

bill of exceptions, a written list 
of e xceptions to a court's decisions. 






Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



bond creditor, a creditor whose 
debt is secured by a bond. 

bond debt, .& debt contracted under 
obligation of a bond. 

bonded goods, goods on which 
bonds instead of cash have been 
given for import duties. 

bonded warehouse, buildings owned 
by persons approved of by the 
Secretary of the Treasury, and who 
have given bonds or guarantee for 
the strict observance of the revenue 
laws; used for storing imported 
merchandise until the duties are 
paid or the goods re-shipped with- 
out entry. 

bondsman, one who gives security 
for the payment of money, perform- 
ance of an act, or integrity of an- 
other. 

bonus, additional money paid beyond 
interest; extra profits. 

accounts charged on 



bill of exchange, a written order 

from one person to another, ordering 

or requesting him to pay a certain 

sum of money to a third person at 

a given date. 
bill, domestic or inland, a bill of 

exchange payable in the country 

where drawn. 
bill, foreign, a bill of exchange pay- 
able in a foreign country; usually 

drawn in duplicate or triplicate. 
bill of lading, a receipt given by a 

ship's master for goods received for 

carriage, promising to deliver the 

same at a certain time and place, 

dangers of the sea excepted: four 

copies are usually made, one for 

master, one for shipper, one to be 

sent in ship to consignee, the fourth 

sent by some other ship. 
bill of parcels, sometimes used for 

invoice. 
bill of particulars, specification of book debts, 

demands for which an action is the books. 

brought. 
bill of sale, a contract under seal 

for the sale of goods. 
bill of sight, a form of custom-house 

entry, allowing consignee to see 

goods before paying duty. 
bills payable, notes and bills issued 

in favor of other parties by a mer- 
chant. 
bills receivable, notes and bills made 

by others and payable to ourselves. 
blank credit, permission to draw 

money on account, no sum being 

specified. 
bona fide [Lat.], in good faith. 
blackmail, extortion of money by 

threats. 
blockading, obstructing an enemy's 

ports. 
board of trade, about equivalent 

to chamber of commerce or merchants' 

exchange; an association of business 

men to regulate matters of trade 

and further their interests, and for 

the settlement of differences be- 
tween its members. 
bond, a legal document by which a 

person binds himself to pay money breadstuffs 

or do something under penalty of or meal. 

paying a sum fixed. breakage, allowance 

840 



bookkeeper, one who keeps mer- 
cantile accounts. 

bookkeeping, single entry, that 
system of bookkeeping which re- 
quires only one entry for a single 
transaction. 

bookkeeping, double entry, the 
system of bookkeeping which re- 
quires for every transaction two en- 
tries, one on the debit and one on 
the credit side. 

borough, an incorporated town or 
village. 

bottomry bond, the mortgage of 
a vessel for sums advanced for the 
use of the ship. 

bought and sold notes, notes given 
by a broker to the seller and buyer 
respectively. 

bounty, a bonus or premium given 
to encourage trade. 

brand, literally a mark of designa- 
tion made by a hot iron; any trade- 
mark, device, or name; the par- 
ticular quality of a class of goods. 

breach of trust, violation of his duty 
by a trustee. 

any kind of grain, corn, 

made by a 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



shipper for loss by the destruction 
of fragile wares. 

breaking in, such violence as is 
necessary to constitute burglary. 

breaking bulk, opening packages of 
goods in transit. 

brief, a concise summary or state- 
ment of a case. 

broker, an agent or factor; a middle- 
man paid by commission; the most 
common are bill, exchange, insurance, 
produce, ship, and stock brokers. 

bull, stock exchange slang for a 
broker or dealer who believes that 
the value of stocks will rise and 
speculates for a rise, "goes long" 
on a stock. 

bullion, uncoined gold or silver. 

burden of proof, obligation of a 
party asserting a fact to prove it. 

burglary, at common law, breaking 
into a house in the night time with 
felonious intent. 

bushel, a cylindrical measure, 18 V2 
inches in diameter and 8 inches deep 
inside; its capacity is 2,150 42-100 
cubic inches. 

by-law, local or restricted municipal 
regulations. 



cabinet, advisory council of a sov- 
ereign or president. 

calculate, to determine by reckon- 
ing; to adjust by comparison. 

call, demand for payment of install- 
ments due on stock. 

cancel, to annul or erase; often done 
by stamp or punch. 

canon, a precept of ecclesiastical 
law. 

capias, writ commanding sheriff to 
take defendant or a witness into 
custody. 

capital, money invested in business; 
amount of assets. 

capitalist, one having money to 
invest; a wealthy man. 

capital offense, one punishable by 
death. 

capital stock, the aggregate amount 
invested in a stock company; total 
value of stock at par. 

capitation, tax levied by polls. 



carat, a measure of weight for gold 
and precious stones. 

cargo, merchandise laden on a ship 
for transportation. 

carrier, one who carries good? for 
another. 

cartage, the amount due for carting 
goods. 

carte blanche [Fr.], literally white 
paper; free or full powers. 

case, a box for holding goods or 
merchandise; at law, an action or 
suit. 

case, action on the, a common law 
form of action. 

cash, ready money; gold, silver, 
bank-notes; checks and drafts are 
usually included. 

cash-book, a book of entry for money 
paid in and out. 

cashier, one who has charge of money ; 
a bank officer. 

cassation [Fr.], act of annulling; 
reversal. 

cash sales, sales for cash. 

caveat, formal notice not to inter- 
fere with one's rights. 

certificate, a written voucher, as, a 
certificate of deposit, a stock-cer- 
tificate. 

certified check, one accepted by 
the bank on which it is drawn as 
good. 

chamber of commerce, an asso- 
ciation of merchants for the encour- 
agement of trade. 

charter, a grant by a state em- 
powering a corporated association 
to do business. 

charter-party, a written contract 
for the hire of a vessel for a given 
voyage. 

check, an order on a bank for pay- 
me'nt of money on demand to bearer 
or the order of some person. 

check-book, a printed book of 
blank checks. 

check-clerk, one who examines ac- 
counts of other clerks; a bank clerk 
who enters up checks. 

choses in action, personal prop- 
erty for which the right of action 
exists, but which has not been re- 
duced to possession. 



841 



Everyday Terms in Commerce and Law 



circular, a printed letter of adver- 
tisement. 



consols, government securities 
England, paying three per cent. 



of 



circular note, a note or bill issued consul, a representative of one 



by bankers for the accommodation 
of travelers, calling upon correspon- 
dents at different places to pay 
money on demand. 

clearance, a custom house certificate 
that a ship is free to leave. 

clearing, 1. Entering a ship at the 



country in a port of another to pro- 
tect trade interests and the rights 
of seamen and other citizens. 
consulage, duty paid by merchants 

for protection of commeree abroad. 
contraband, prohibited goods or 
merchandise; smuggled goods, 
custom house and obtaining clear- contraband of war, goods which 
ance. 2. In banking, exchange of neutral ships are forbidden to carry 
checks and settling balances at the to belligerents; as munitions or arms, 
clearing house. contract, an agreement; a bargain. 

clearing house, a banking exchange contractor, one who engages to do 
for daily settlements. certain work or furnish goods at 

c.o.d,, collect on delivery; method of fixed rates; a public supply agent. 



payment for goods sent by express. 

collateral, in law of descent, that 
which is not lineal; a grandson is of 
lineal, a nephew of collateral descent. 

collateral security, a secondary 



conveyance, a written instrument 
by which property is transferred; a 
deed. 

cooperage, charge for putting hoops 
on casks or barrels. 



security to be available if the chief copying-press, an instrument for 



security fail. 



taking impressions from damp paper. 



collector, one authorized to receive corner, in stock and grain broker's 



slang, the buying up of a large 
quantity of stock or grain to raise 
the price. 
commission, an agent's percentage corporation, a body of business 



money for another; chief officer of 
a custom house. 

extended trade or traffic. 



commerce, 



for transacting business 

commission broker, one who buys 
or sells on commission. 

commissioner of deeds, an attor- 
ney or notary authorized to take counting room 
acknowledgment of deeds in a for- ness office 
eign state. 

common carrier, a public con- 
veyer of goods or passengers. 

common law, unwritten law, as dis- 
tinguished from written or statute 
law. 

company, an association in busi- 
ness; a joint stock concern. 

compound interest, interest on 
both principal and interest. 

composition, a payment by a debtor 
of a percentage of his debts as settle- 
ment in full. 

consideration, value received; a 
bonus. 



men authorized by law to transact 
certain business. 
counter-entry, an entry in a con- 
trary sense. 

a merchant's busi- 

coupon [Fr.], a certificate of in- 
terest attached to bonds or stock, to 
be cut off when due. 
court of equity, one having a 
chancery or equity jurisdiction; not 
limited by the common law. 
cr., abbreviation for credit; the cr. 
side of an account is on the right 
hand. 
credit, in bookkeeping, value re- 
ceived or transferred from the 
party; opposite of debit; financial 
standing; power to obtain loans. 
creditor, one to whom money or 
value is due. 

consignee, one to whom goods are credit mobilier, an association in- 
sent, tending to buy up and conduct 
consignment, goods sent to an railroads or other companies on lim- 
agent to be sold. ited liability principles; in this 

842 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



SS^iUK-r 11108 * n ° ted Wa f the demand > claim for payment. 
SdficS^ad C ° mpany ° f the de ™f ra 2<7 forfeit money for d 



curbstone broker, a broker not a 
member of the regular stock ex- 
change. 

currency, the circulating medium 
of a country. 

current, passing freely; now run- 
ning, as, current accounts. 



tention of vessels beyond the time 
allowed by a charter-party. 

deposit, money left with a bank 
subject to order; payment on ac- 
count. 

depot, a place of storage or ware 
house; improperly used of a rail- 
way station. 



customs, taxes on goods exported derelict, ship or cargo abandoned 

or imported. at sea . 

custom house, a place appointed deterioration, lessening in value 

to receive customs. deviation, the departure of a ship 

custom house entry, a statement from her regular course to stop at 
made and fees paid in clearing a other ports. 

S ^P- directors, the managers of a stock 

customary law, practices which company. 

have become law through the long discharge, to pay a debt; to unload 
usage of the mercantile world. a ship. 

^ discount, a sum thrown off the 

amount of a note or bill; a deduc- 
tion; to discount is to lend money 
on bills after deducting the interest. 
discount broker, one who lends 

money on notes or bills. 
dissolution, breaking up of a part- 
nership, 
days allowed for payment of' notes dividend, payment of the profits of 



damages, compensation for injury 

received. 
date, day of the month and year. 
day-book, a book for recording daily 

transactions. 
days of grace, in some States, three 



or bills after the time specified. In 
some other countries more than 
three are allowed. 



a joint stock concern, -pro rata, pro- 
portional payment to creditors out 
of a bankrupt estate. 



for the use of a dock. 
docket, a ticket or mark on goods 
showing measurement or destina- 
tion; a list of cases before a court. 



debase, to lessen in value; as, a dockage or dock dues, charges 

debased coinage. 
debenture, a custom house certi- 
ficate entitling an exporter to a 

drawback on duties paid. 

debit, to make debtor; opposite of donee, one to whom something is 

credit; a charge entered. given. 

debtor, one who owes; opposite of draft, an order to pay money; a 

creditor. % rough copy of a writing; a deduc- 

decimal, a tenth part; by tenths. tion from gross weight of goods; 

declined, decreased in value. . number of feet which a ship sinks 

deed, a sealed legal instrument, in the water. 

transferring property, usually land, draw, to make a draft; to call for 

default, failure to pay. funds. 

defendant, in law, the one against drawback, an allowance or return 

whom a claim or charge is made. of duties paid at the custom house. 

deficit, a lack of funds to balance drawer, the maker of a draft or bill 

accounts. of exchange. 

del credere [Ital.], extra commission drawee, the one on whom a draft 

given an agent in consideration of or bill is drawn. 

his warranting the solvency of the drayage, charges on goods hauled 

purchaser. by a dray; cartage. 

843 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 

drummer, one who solicits custom equity, a branch of jurisprudence 

for a merchant by showing samples. distinct from the common law. 
dry goods, commercial name for equity of redemption, privilege 
textile fabrics. allowed to a mortgagor to redeem 

due, owing; that which is owed. property within a given time. 

due bill, a written acknowlegment estoppel, preclusion of a person 
of debt, not negotiable. from asserting a fact or doing an 

dun, to demand payment. act inconsistent with previous acts 

dunnage, loose articles of a cargo; or declarations. 

loose material laid on the bottom examiner, a custom house officer 

who compares goods with invoices. 
exchange, place where merchants 
meet to transact business; percent- 
age on sale of bills; difference of 
value between different currencies. 
exchange broker, one who nego- 
tiates foreign bills of exchange. 
exchequer, a treasury; summary 
of finances. 

E excise, internal revenue tax. 

eagle, a gold coin of the United executed, finished; accomplished in 



of the ship's hold to raise goods 
and prevent injury by water. 

duplicate, a copy; a second article 
of the same kind. 

duress, confinement; restraint; com- 
pulsion. 

duties, taxes levied by a government 
" on exports or imports. 



States, value ten dollars. 



legal form. 



e. e., abbrevaition for errors excepted, executor, one appointed to carry 



effects, property; goods on hand: 

the possessions of a firm. 
ejectment, dispossession of houses 

or land; forcing out. 



out the provisions of a will 
executory, to be performed in the 

future. 
executrix, feminine form of executor. 



ell, a measure of length, 1 yard, 9 exhibit, voucher or document pre- 



inches. 

embargo, order of a government 
forbidding ships to leave its ports. 

embark, to enter a ship for a voy- 
age; to engage in any enterprise. 



sen ted in court; transcript of ledger 

balances. 
export, to send goods to a foreign 

country. 
export duty, tax imposed on exports. 



emporium, a commercial city; a place exporter, one who exports 

of trade. exports, the goods or merchandise 

endorse, to transfer notes, bills, or exported. 

checks by writing one's name on the express, to transmit with celerity, 

back; to guarantee payment. express company, a corporation 

endorsee, he in whose favor endorse- engaged in the business of trans- 



ment is made. 

endorser, one who endorses. 

engrosser, one who takes the whole 
of aline of goods; a forestall er; one 
who ''corners" the market on com- 
modities; an ornamental penman. 

engrossing clerk, a copyist; a copy- 
ing clerk. 

entrepot, a place where goods are 
deposited without paying duty, to 
await transportation elsewhere; a 
free port. 

entry, in bookkeeping, any record 

made; depositing a ship's papers fac simile [Lat 
with the custom house. a counterpart. 

844 



porting goods and money from one 
place to another more quickly than 
can be done by sending as ordinary 
freight. 

extension, allowance of time for 
payment to a debtor; carrying out 
items of a bill or account. 

e & o. e., "errors and omissions ex- 
cepted." 



face, the amount for which a note is 
drawn. 

an exact copy; 




Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



factor, an agent appointed to sell 
goods on commission; a consignee. 

factorage, commissions allowed to 
factors. 

facture, an invoice or bill of goods. 

failure, becoming bankrupt; sus- 
pension of payment. 

fair, of average quality; above 
middling. 

fall, decrease in price or value. 

false pretenses, misstatements made 
with intent to defraud. 

fancy goods, light fabrics, ribbons, 
laces, etc. 

fare, charge for passage. 

farthing, an English copper coin 
worth half a cent; an insignificant 
value. 

fee, payment; charge of a profes- 
sional man; a gratuity. 

fee-simple, in real estate, an abso- 
lute title; one with no conditions 
attached. 

finance, funds; public money; revenue. 

financier, one skilled in money 
matters. 

fire insurance, indemnity against 
loss by fire. 

fire policy, the writing by which 
insurers agree to pay fire insurance. 

firm, name, style or title of a busi- 
ness concern; the partners taken 
collectively. 

five-forties, United States bonds, 
issued during the Civil War, redeem- 
able after five years, payable at not 
more than forty years after date, 
bearing 6 per cent interest. 

five-twenties, United States bonds, 
redeemable any time after five years, 
payable twenty years from date, 
bearing six per cent interest. 

fixtures, anything of an accessory 
nature annexed to real estate; that 
which forms a part of realty. 

flat, inactive; depressed; dull; flat 
value of stock and bonds is the value 
without interest. 

flotsam, goods thrown inta the sea 
which swim. 

f. o. b., "free on board"; transporta- 
tion and shipping expenses included. 

footing, amount of a column of 
figures. 



forced sale, sale of commodity under 

compulsion or foreclosure. 
foreclose, _ to seize property under 

the conditions of a mortgage. 
foreign bill, a bill of exchange 

drawn in one country upon a citizen 

of another. 
forestall, to buy up goods before 

the regular time of sale; to bring 

about an increase in the price of 

provisions. 
forwarder, a merchant or agent who 

transmits or forwards goods. 
fractional currency, United States 

money for sums less than a dollar, 

chiefly silver coin. 
franc, French unit of coinage; 100 

centimes; value, 18 3-5 cents. 
franking,, privilege of sending letters 

free of charge. 
fraud, in law, any wrongful artifice, 

device or concealment by which pe- 
cuniary damage is done to another. 
free goods, goods admitted without 

an import tax. 
free port, a port where ships may 

load and unload free from duties. 
free trade, trade not restricted by 

tariff duties for "protection." 
freight, sums paid for transportation 

of merchandise or hire of a ship ; less 

properly, the goods carried. 
funded, made into a permanent loan 

on which interest is paid. 
funds, ready money; shares in a 

national debt; public securities. 



garbles, dust, filth or soil removed 
from spices, drugs, etc.; to garble 
is to separate this refuse. 

garnishment, legal notice attach- 
ing goods or money of one person 
in the hands of another. 

garnishee, the person on whom is 
served a writ of garnishment or 
"trustee process," ordering him to 
appear in court and give informa- 
tion in regard to the goods of an- 
other, the original debtor, in his 
hands. 

gauge, to measure the contents of a 
cask; measure or standard. 



845 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 

general order store, a bonded ware- importer, a merchant who imports 

house to which merchandise not goods. 

claimed within a certain time is imports, goods brought from a 

sent under a "general order." foreign country. 

goods, merchandise; movable prop- impost, government tax on im- 

erty. ported goods. 

good will, the interest of an estab- income, total amount of receipts 

lished business in the way of trade from all sources; yearly gains. 

and custom. income tax, a government tax of 

grain, collective name for all cereals. a percentage on the income of indi- 
great gross, twelve gross; i. e., viduals or corporations. 

1,728 articles. indemnification, making good a 

gross, twelve dozen; total amount; loss; securing one against damages. 

opposed to net. indemnity, guarantee against loss; 

gross ton, twenty-two hundred and freedom; compensation for damages 

forty pounds. suffered. 

guarantee, the one to whom se- index, names of titles or accounts 

curity is given or guaranty made. arranged alphabetically. 

guarantor, one making a guaranty. indorse. See endorse. 
guaranty, security; an undertaking indulgence, extension of time for 

that one person will pay money to payment. 

another or fulfil a contract. inland bill, a bill of exchange or 

gunny-bags, sacks of coarse material draft drawn upon a person in the 

used for coffee. same state or country. 

insolvent, unable to pay outstand- 
H ing liabilities; bankrupt. 

instalment, a part payment or part 
hand, measure of animals' height; delivery of goods. 

about four inches. instant, of the present month, as, 

hand-money, money paid to bind the 12th inst. 

a bargain. insurable interest, such an interest 

harbor, a place of security for vessels. as will entitle a person to obtain 
harbor-dues, charges made for use insurance on the life or property of 

of a harbor. another. 

harbor-master, an officer having insurance, a contract in which one 

charge of a harbor. party, the insurer, agrees in con- 

hogshead, a measure of capacity; sideration of the 'premium, to pay 

2 barrels, or 63 gallons; a large a certain sum on the death of the 

cask. insured or to indemnify him for 

holder, he in whose possession a loss to property by fire or marine 

note or bill may be. risks. 

hollow-ware, trade name for cast insurance broker, one who ne- 

or wrought iron vessels, kettles, etc. gotiates insurance contracts. 
honor, to accept and pay a note, interest, money paid for use of 

draft or bill. money; share in a business or 

husbandage, compensation paid to venture. 

a "ship's husband" (q.v.). interest account, in bookkeeping, 

hypothecate, to pledge as security; a separate account of sums paid and 

to mortgage chattels. received as interest. 

internal revenue, government reve- 
I nue derived from domestic sources. 

intestate, not disposed of by a 
immovables, land, houses, and fix- valid will; one who dies without a 

tures; real estate. will. 

846 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



in transitu [Lat.], on the road; land, to discharge cargo; to disembark 

not brought to an end. law, merchant, body of law relating 

inventory, a list of goods and to mercantile customs. 

merchandise on hand ; any enumera- law days, days allowed in a charter- 

tion of articles; a schedule. party for unloading a ship. 

investment, placing of money in lay down, cost of merchandise, 

including charges and freight to 



merchandise 
and charges 



business or securities 
invoice, account of 

shipped, with prices 

annexed. 
invoice book, a book for entering 

copies of invoices. 
involved, confused; embarrassed by 

liabilities. 



place of shipment. 
lazaretto [Ital.], a place in quaran- 
tine where goods are fumigated. 
leakage, an allowance made for 

waste by leaking of casks. 
lease, an agreement for letting lands 
or tenements for life, a term of 
years or months, or at will. 
legal tender, currency or coin which 
a government has declared shall be 
received in payment of debts; a 
formal proffer of money to pay a 
debt; if refused, the creditor cannot 
recover. 
lessee, one to whom a lease is given. 
jobber, one who buys from importers lessor, one who makes a lease. 

or manufacturers and sells to re- letter book, that in which copies of 
tailers; a middleman. letters sent and received are made. 

job lot, goods left over; an odd letter of advice, one giving notice 
assortment. of a shipment made, bill drawn, 

joint stock, that held in company; or other business transaction. 

stock formed by the union of letter of credit, one authorizing 

several companies. credit to a certain amount to be 

joint stock company, a business given to the bearer. 

association, the capital of which is letter of license, one 



jettison, throwing goods overboard 
or cutting away masts and sails to 
save a vessel. 

jetsam, goods thrown into the sea 
which have sunk. 



represented by shares of stocl 
joint tenants, those who have not 

only unity of possession, but also 

of title and interest, and the survivor 

takes the whole. 
journal, an account book intermediate 

between day-book and ledger 



by which 
creditors of an insolvent debtor 
postpone their claims and allow 
him to continue trade. 
letter of marque, commission from 
a government to a private ship to 
seize and destroy ships and property 
of a hostile country. 



judgment, a judicial decree; decision letters of administration, authori- 
of a court. ty given to administer an intestate 

judgment note, one containing a estate, or one in regard to which 
power of attorney from maker to the executor has refused to act. 
pavee to confess judgment for the letters patent, a writing executed 
maker to the extent of face and and sealed, granting power and 
interest. authority to do some* act, or enjoy 

jurisdiction, extent of a court's some right. 

authority as to place, sum, or subject letters testamentary, authority to 
matter. an executor to act as such, alter 

probate of will has been made. 
L liability, that for which one is 

responsible; debts; obligations. 
license, permission to trade or act, 
as liquor license, peddler's license. 



lame duck, stock-brokers' slang 
for one unable to meet his liabilities. 



847 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



lien, a hold or claim on property to 
secure a debt. 

lightrage, payment for unloading 
^ shis by lighters or boats. 

liquination, settlement or adjust- 
met of liabilities. 

Lloyds*, an old association of Eng- 
lish marine underwriters (insurers) 
which formally met at Lloyd's 
coffee house, London. The com- 
pany possesses complete records of 
everything pertaining to marine 
matters and has a vast correspond- 
ence. To rate on Lloyd's books as 
Al is accepted as conclusive evi- 
dence of excellence. 

Lloyds' register, a yearly register 
of tonnage, age, build, character, 
and condition of ships issued by 
the Lloyds. 

loan, money or property furnished 
for temporary use; a public debt. 

loan office, an office where loans 
are negotiated. 

log-book, a book in which is re- 
corded the daily progress of a vessel, 
weather notes, and all incidents. 

long price, price after duties are paid. 

longshoremen, laborers who load 
and unload vessels. 



M 



or invoice 



of a 
to be 



manifest, a list 

ship's cargo and passengers 
exhibited at custom houses. 

manifold writer, a contrivance by 
which several copies may be ob- 
tained at once; it consists of several 
sheets covered with a preparation 
of plumbago. 

manufactures, articles which have 
undergone some process; not crude 
or raw. 

marine insurance, insurance on 
vessels and cargo. 

mark, a letter, figure, or device, by 
which goods and prices are dis- 
tinguished; private marks are usu- 
ally made by selecting a word of 
ten letters and letting each letter 
stand for a digit. 

market, a public place of sale for 
provisions or other wares. 



mart, a market; a place of traffic. 

maturity, time fixed for payment; 
becoming due. 

maximum, the highest price or sum. 

measurement goods, goods on 
which freight is charged by measure- 
ment. 

mercantile agency, a concern which 
procures and furnishes information 
as to the financial standing and 
credit of business firms. 

mercantile paper, notes or bills 
issued by merchants for goods 
bought or consigned. 

merchant, one who buys and sells 
goods, generally applied to whole- 
salers or large dealers. 

merchantable, fit for market; in 
sound condition. 

merchant service, trading ships 
taken collectively; the management 
of merchant vessels. 

merger, absorption of a lesser by a 
greater debt or obligation. 

metallic currency, silver, gold, and 
copper coinage. 

metric system, a decimal system 
of weights and measures, first estab- 
lished in France; now in general 
use in Europe and growing into use 
in English-speaking countries. 

minimum, lowest price; least quan- 
tity possible. 

mint, a place for coining money. 

misfeasance, the doing of a lawful 
act in an unlawful manner. 

mitigation, reduction of a penalty 
or fine; that which in part excuses. 

mixed fabrics, those composed of 
more than one kind of fibre, as wool 
and cotton. 

money, the measure of value and 
medium of exchange; strictly speak- 
ing, money must have intrinsic 

" value to the amount it represents, 
as gold or sil ~er; but bank notes 
and sometimes checks are included. 

money-broker, one who deals in 
money. 

money market, the general system 
of cash loans; the exchange of 
different kinds of currency. 

money order, an order requesting one 
person to pay money to another; not 



848 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



negotiable; most commonly used of O 

post-office orders. 
monopoly, sole power of dealing in obligation, a duty; a binding en- 
certain class of goods. gagement; bond with condition an- 
mortgage, a conditional conveyance nexed. 

of property, to become void upon on sale, goods left with another 
fulfillment of the condition, as, person to sell on" account, 
the payment of a note. • open account, a running or unset- 

mortgage deed, a deed of the nature tied account. 



to whom 



of a mortgage. 

mortgagee, the person 
property is mortgaged. 

mortgagor, one who gives a mort- 
gage. 

movables, personal property ^property 
not fixed. 

muster, a collection of samples. 



N 



opening, the display of a new stock 

of goods for sale. 
open policy, in marine insurance, a 
policy which covers undefined risks. 
option, permission to choose; in 
stock-broking, privilege of taking or 
delivering stock at a given day and 
price. 
order, a commission to purchase; 
directions to pay money or deliver 
goods. 
national banks, banks organized order book, that in which orders 
under the conditions of an act of received are entered. 
Congress; they can issue bank notes ordinary, a ship in harbor is said to 
only to the amount of United States be in ordinary; of medium quality, 
bonds they have deposited in the outstanding accounts, book debts 
U. S. Treasury. not yet collected. 

negotiable paper, notes, bills and overdraw, to call for more money 
drafts which may be transferred than is on deposit. 
with all their rights by indorsement overdue, applied to a note or draft 
or assignment. the specified time for payment of 

negotiations, agreeing upon a mer- which has passed. 

cantile transaction; making a bar- overt, apparent; manifest; open, 
gain; fixing a price. 
net, the clear amount; what remains P 

after deducting charges and ex 
penses. 
net profits, clear profit, after de 
ducting losses 



package, a bundle; a parcel; a bale. 
panic, a monetary pressure; finan- 
cial crisis. 
net weight, weight of merchandise paper, negotiable evidence of in- 

without bag, box, or covering. debtedness. 

nominal, in name only; very small, paper money, bills of banks or the 



as, a nominal price. 
non-feasance, the not doing of what 

ought to be done;; 
notary public, a public officer who 



government passing current as 
money. 
parole [Fr.], not written, as, parole 
evidence. 



attests or certifies 7 - to acknowledg- par value, the face or nominal value 



ment of deeds and other papers, 
protests, notes and bills, etc. 

notarial seal, seal of a notary pub- 
lic. 

note of hand, a written undertaking 
to pay money at a certain time. 

note book, a book in which notes 
of hand are recorded. 



par of exchange, the value of a unit 
of one country's coinage expressed 
in that of another's. 

partner, an associate in business; 
member of a partnership. 

partnership, contract of two or 
more persons to join money, stock, 
or skill in trade for mutual benefit. 



Die. 66 



849 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 

part owner, one of several owners prime, of high quality; superior. 

of a ship; the relation differs ma- principal, the sum on which interest 

terially from partnership. is paid. 

pass book, a book kept by a cus- proceeds, the sum realized by a 

tomer in which entries of purchases sale. 

are made; a bank book. procuration, a general letter or 

passport, a permission from a gov- power of attorney. 

ernment to travel, with identification produce, farm products of all kinds. 

and certificate of nationality. profit and loss, an account in which 

pawnbroker, one who lends money gains and losses are balanced. 

at interest on security of goods de- promissory note See note. 

posited. pro rata [Lat.], a proportional dis- 

payable, justly due; capable of pay- tribution. 

ment. protective tariff, duty imposed on 

payee, the person to whose order a imports to encourage manufacturers. 

note, bill, or draft is to be paid. protest, notice to the sureties of a 
per cent [Lat.], by the hundred; note that it was not paid at ma- 
rates of interest, discount, etc. turity or to the drawer of a draft 
per centage [Lat.], an allowance that acceptance was refused. 

reckoned by hundredth parts; com- purveyor, one who supplies pro- 
mission, visions. 
per contra [Lat.], to the opposite 

side of an account. Q 
permit, written authority to remove 

dutiable goods. quarantine, restraint of intercourse 

petty cash book, account of small to which a ship is subjected on 

receipts and expenses. suspicion of infection; the place of 

policy, the instrument by which the such restraint. 

contract of insurance is made. quitrent, rent paid by tenant of a 

port, a harbor for vessels; a com- freehold, discharging him from other 

mercial city. rent. 

port of entry, a port where a quotation, current prices of stocks 

custom house is established for or commodities. 

the entry of imports. 

post-date, to date after the real R 

time. 

posting, to transfer from day-book real estate, land, houses and fix- 

or journal to the ledger. tures; all immovable property. 

post obit, a promise to pay loans rebate, deduction; abatement; dis- 

after the death of some person. count; giving back part of sum 

power of attorney, written authority already paid. 

from one person to another to act receipt, a written acknowledgment 

for him. of payment. 

preferred creditor, one whose claims receipt book, a book in which re- 

a bankrupt debtor elects to settle ceipts are filed. 

first. receiver, an officer appointed by a 

premium, a sum beyond par value; court to hold in trust property in 

the amount paid annually in insur- litigation, or to wind up the affairs 

ance contracts. of a bankrupt concern. 

price current, a statement showing recoup, to counterbalance losses by 

prevailing price of merchandise, gains. 

stock, or securities. rectification, second distillation of 

price list, a list of articles with prices alcoholic liquors. 

attached. register, a ship's paper, issued by 

850 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



the custom house, stating descrip- set-off, a counter claim or cross debt 
tion, name, tonnage, nationality, and arising from a different matter from 
ownership. the one in question. 

re-insurance, transfer of part of share, interest owned by one of a 
the contract of insurance from one number; unit of the division of 



insurer to another. 



stock. 



remittance, transfer of funds from ship, technically, a three-masted 



one party to another 
renewal, giving a new note for an 

old one; extension of time. 
rent, compensation for the use of real 

estate. 
rente, a French term equivalent to 

government annuity. 
repository, a warehouse or store- 
house. 
reprisal, the seizure of ships or prop 

erty to indemnify for 

seizure or detention. 
respondentia bond, a bond for a 

loan secured by the cargo of a ship. 
retail, to sell in small quantities. 
returns, profit on an investment. 
revenue, income of a state; taxes 

received. 
revenue cutter, a small government 

vessel used in collecting taxes and 

preventing smuggling 



square-rigged vessel; commonly used 
for any large vessel. 

shipment, quantity of goods dis- 
patched. 

shipper, one who dispatches goods 
by vessel or other conveyance. 

shipping, collective term for a 
number of vessels. 

shipping articles, articles of agree- 
ment between captain and seamen, 
unlawful shipping clerk, one who oversees 
the forwarding of merchandise. 

ship's husband, one who attends 
to the requisite repairs of a ship 
while in port, and does all the other 
necessary acts preparatory to a voy- 
age. 

ship's papers, papers which a ves- 
sel must carry; register, sea-letter, 
logbook, bill of health, shipping 
articles, etc. 



reversion, right to possess property ship's stores, provisions, fuel, cables, 
after the happening of some event, extra spars, etc 



as the death of a person. 



sale, transfer of property for a con- 
sideration. 

salvage, compensation given those 
who rescue ship or cargo from loss. 

salvor, one who voluntarily engages 
in saving a ship or cargo from peril. 

sample, a small portion of merchan- 
dise taken as a specimen of quality. 

sans recours [Fr.], without recourse 



short, to "sell short" is to sell for 
future delivery what one has not 
got in hopes that prices will fall. 

short exchange, bills of exchange 
payable at sight or in a few days. 

shrinkage, reduction in bulk or 
measurement. 

sight, the time when a bill is pre- 
sented to the drawee. 

sight draft, one payable at sight, 
i. e., when presented. 

signature, the name of a person 
written by himself. 



sometimes added to an indorsement silent partner, one who furnishes 



of a note or bill to protect indorser 
from liability 



capital but takes no active part in 
a business. 



scrip, certificate of stock given before simple interest, interest on prinei- 



registration 
seaworthy, fit for a 

properly equipped. 
securities, documents 

right to property. 
sell, to make a sale; to transfer for 

consideration. 



pal alone; not compound, 
voyage and sinking fund, a fund set apart 

from revenue to pay a public or 

corporation debt. 
smuggling, introducing goods into 

a country without paying duties. 
solvent, able to meet all liabilities. 



securing a 



851 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



specialty, a written, sealed, and applications for marine or fire in- 
delivered contract. surance. 

specie, any kind of coined money. suspend, to fail; to stop payment. 

specification, a written description «uspense account, an account made 

and enumeration of particulars. of doubtful balances to ascertain 

speculation, a business investment probable profit or loss. 

sutler, one authorized to sell goods 



out of the ordinary run of trade. 

stamp duty, law requiring stamps 
to be affixed to checks and proprie- 
tary articles. - 

staple, principal commodity of a 
country or district. 

statute law, body of laws estab- 
lished by legislative enactment; 
written as opposed to unwritten or 
common law. 

sterling, lawful or standard money 
of Great Britain. 

stock, shares in the capital of cor- 
porations; goods on hand. 

stock broker, one who buys and 
sells stock on commission. 

stock exchange, place where shares 
of stock are bought and sold. 

stock-holder, one who holds shares 
of stock. 

stock jobber, one who speculates in 
stocks. 

stoppage in transitu [Lat.], right 
of seller to stop goods "on their 



to an army; 
suttle weight, 

deducted. 



weight after tare is 



tale quale [Lat.], "such as"; used 
to denote that cargo is presumed to 
correspond with sample, and that 
buyer takes the risk of deterioration. 

tally, keeping account by checking 
off, 

tally man, one who receives payment 
for goods in weekly instalments. 

tare, allowance in weight or quan- 
tity jon account of cask, bag, cr 
covering. Actual tare: when each 
cask, etc., is weighed. Average tare: 
when one is weighed as a sample. 
Estimated tare: when a fixed per- 
centage is allowed. 

tariff, rate or list of duties; price 
list. 



passage" if purchaser has become teller, officer of a bank who receives 



insolvent. 

storage, sums paid for storing goods. 

storekeeper, officer in charge of a 
bonded warehouse. 

stowage, careful arrangement of 
cargo in a ship. 

subpoena, a writ commanding a wit- 
ness to appear in court. 

subpoena duces tecum, a subpoena 
requiring witness to bring papers 
with him. 

subrogation, putting one thing in 
place of another; substituting one 
creditor for another. 

sundries, unclassified articles. 

supercargo, an agent who accom- 
panies cargo to care for and sell it. 



or pays out money. 

tenants, those who lease or rent real 
estate. 

tenants in common, persons hold- 
ing the same property in common, 
i. e., by distinct titles and not as 
joint tenants. 

tender, offer to supply money or 
articles. See legal tender. 

ten forties. United States Gov- 
ernment bonds, which could be re- 
deemed by the government in ten 
years or allowed to run for forty. 

tenor, intent, nature, character; 
sometimes an exact copy. 

textile fabrics, all woven or piece 



goods. 
surety, one who binds himself to pay testator, one who has made a will; 
money in case another person fails feminine form, testatrix. 
to pay, to fill a contract, or to serve time bargain, a contract for the 
with integrity. future sale of stock. 

-surveyor, agent of an insurance tonnage, the weight a ship will 
company to examine and report on carry in tons; capacity of a vessel. 

852 



Dictionary of Commerce and Law 



tort, a private or civil injury for usance, the time allowed by usage 



which damages will lie 
trade, buying and selling; commerce; 

traffic. 
trade discount, an allowance made usury, interest beyond th 

rate, 



for the payment of a bill of ex- 
change; it differs greatly in differ- 
ent countries; any business custom. 

lawful 



to dealers in the same line. 
trade-mark, letters, figures, or de- y 

vices used on goods and labels 

which a manufacturer has the sole valid, of force; binding; good in law. 

right to use. value, to estimate; worth. 

trade price, that allowed by whole- value received, phrase used in notes 

salers to retailers. and bills to express a consideration 

trade sale, an auction by and for the indefinitely. 

trade; especially of booksellers. vendee, one to whom something is 
trades-union, a combination of work- sold. 

i ngmen to protect their own interests . vendor, a seller. 
traffic, business done; especially vendue, an auction sale. 

that of a railroad. venture, a mercantile speculation or 

transshipment, removing goods from investment. 

one ship or conveyance to another, void, that which is of no legal effect. 
transportation, conveying goods from voidable, that which may become 

one place to another. of no legal effect if proper steps are 

transit duty, tax imposed on goods taken. 

for passing through a country. 
traveler, a commercial agent; a 

drummer. 
treasury notes, those issued by 

government and passing current as 

money. 
treaty, an agreement or compact 

between two or more nations. 
tret, allowance for waste of 4 lbs. 



voucher, a book, receipt, entry, or 
other document which establishes 
the truth of accounts. 



W 



one who stores 



warehouseman, 

goods for pay. 
waiver, relinquishment of a legal 
right or privilege. 



in 104 lbs., after tare has been warranty, an undertaking that goods 



deducted. 



or title are as represented. 



triplicate, to make three, copies of wastage, loss in handling; shrinkage. 

a paper; the third copy. waste, refuse material. 

trustee process, same as garnish- way bill, list of goods given to a 
ment, (q. v.) . carrier. 

wharfage, fees paid for use of a 

wharf. 
wood acid, pyroligneous acid, dis- 
tilled from oak, beech, ash and other 
woods, and used by calico printers. 



U 



ullage, what a cask lacks of being full. 
unclaimed goods, goods in govern 



ment storehouses unclaimed after woody wool, the wool or wadding 



three years from importation, or on 

which duties have not been paid, 

may be sold at auction. 
undersell, to sell below the trade price. 
underwriter, a marine insurer; an 

individual, not a company. 
unseaworthy, unfit for a voyage in 

condition or equipment. 
unsound, in bad condition; of 

doubtful solvency. 



manufactured from pine leaves in 

Breslau. 
wootz, a species of steel made in the 

East Indies from magnetic ore, 

valuable for edge tools. 
wreckage, merchandise saved from 

a wreck. 
wurris, a powder obtained from the 

seeds of euphorbia and used as a 

red dye for silk. 



853 



DICTIONARY OF EVERYDAY ALLUSIONS 



Abderite, a scoffer; from Abdera, 
where Democritus lived. 

Abraham's bosom, the rest of the 
blessed dead. Luke xiv. 22. 

Abyla, one of the "Pillars of Her- 
cules"; Calpe being the other. 

academics, the disciples of Plato, 
so called from the academy. 

Academy (academia), a gymnasium 
in the suburbs of Athens, where 
Plato founded his school, 368 B. C. 
The academy (as a philosophic 
school) was divided into the old 
(by Plato and his disciples); the 
middle (by Arcesilaos), and the 
. new (by Carneades) . 

Academy, the French (Academie 
Frangaise), one of the five acad- 
emies constituting the French In- 
stitute; founded by Richelieu; deals 
with the French language, and con- 
sists of 40 members. 

Acadia, the former name of Nova 
Scotia. 

Adams and Liberty, patriotic Ameri- 
can song, by R. T. Paine, Jr. 

Adam's apple, caused by a piece of 
forbidden fruit sticking there. 

Admirable Crichton, the, James 
Crichton; Scotch prodigy of the 
16th century. Hence a person of 
great accomplishments. 

admiral, English admirals were of 
three kinds according to the color 
of their flag. Admiral of the Blue, 
kept the rear in a fight; Admiral 
of the Red, the center; Admiral of 
the White, the van. 

JExxeid, Virgil's epic poem, of which 
iEneas is the hero. 

ages. According to Hesiod there were 
five ages of the world — the golden, 
the silver, the brazen, the heroic, 
and the iron. 

g nus Dei, the Lamb of God. Cake 



stamped with the figure of a 
lamb, given out by the Pope on 
the Sunday after Easter. 

Alabama, a Confederate privateer 
built in England, and commanded 
by Capt. Semmes. After great 
depredations on American com- 
merce, she was sunk by the " Kear- 
sarge," June 19, 1864. 

Aladdin's Window (to finish), to 
try to finish something left un- 
finished by a great man. One 
window in Aladdin's palace was 
left for the Sultan to finish, but his 
treasure gave out. 

Albany Regency, nickname of a 
group of Democratic politicians at 
Albany, N. Y., 1820-54. 

albino, person with unusually white 
skin and hair, and red eyes. 

Albion, England. Said to mean 
the chalk cliffs. (Albus, white.) 

Aldine Press, founded by Aldus 
Manutine, at Venice, 1496. Hence 
came the famous Aldine editions. 

Alexandrian Library, founded by 
Ptolemy Soter, at Alexandria, Egypt. 
Contained 100,000 volumes. Burned 
47 B. C. 

Alexandrine Age, 323-640, when 
Alexandria was the seat of the high- 
est culture. 

Alhambra, palace and fortress of 
the Moors at Granada, Spain. 

All Souls' Day, Nov. 2. Day of 
prayer for souls in Purgatory. 

Allah ("The Adorable"), Arabic 
name of God. 

Almack's, once a famous London 
assembly-room where balls were 
given of the most exclusive, aristo- 
cratic character. 

almighty dollar, a phrase from 
Irving's Creole Village. 

Alsatia, The Whitefriars (London), 
refuge for criminals. 



854 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



alto-relievo (high relief), figures in 
marble, etc., eut so as to project 
one-half or more from the tablet. 

ambrosia, the food of the gods. 

amuck, to run amuck, run foul 
of. Malays, drunk with opium, 
run about, armed with daggers, 
shouting "Amuck" (kill). 

anacreontics, verses in praise of 
love or wine, after Anacreon. 

ancient regime, the French Govern- 
ment before the Revolution. 

Andersonville Prison, in Georgia. 

Union soldiers were confined there Aryans, the parents 
during the Civil War of the United European peoples. 
States. 

Angelic Doctor, the. Thomas 
Aquinas. 

Angel us, the, a prayer to the Vir- 
gin, recited thrice a day. 

Angling, the Father of, Izaak 
Walton. 

Annunciation, Day of, festival, 



Argonauts, the heroes who sailed 
in the Argo. 

Argus-eyed , extremely watchful. 
Juno, jealous of Io, had her watched 
by the hundred-eyed Argus. 

Arians, disciples of Arius; main- 
tained that the Father and Son are 
distinct beings. 

Armada, the Spanish, fleet col- 
lected by Philip of Spain, in 1588, 
to conquer England. 

Artesian well, from Artois in France, 
where they were first dug. 

of the Indo- 



Astor 'Library, in New York city, 

founded by J. J. Astor. 
Athens, the Modern, 1. Edinburgh. 

2. Boston. 
Augustan Age, the palmiest period 
of a literature; the best days of 
Roman literature being under Au- 
gustus, 
celebrated March 25th, the day the Auld Reekie (Old Smoky), Edinburgh, 
angel announced to the Virgin that Scotland. 

she would bear Our Lord. Avalon, burial place of King Arthur; 

annus mirabilis (wonderful year), said to be Glastonbury. 

1666 Plague, fire of London, and Ayreshire Poet, the, Burns, who 



English victory over the Dutch. 
Anthony, Saint, St. Anthony's Fire. 

Erysipelas. 
Antoninus, the Wall of, turf 

entrenchment across Scotland from 

the Clyde to the Frith of Forth, 

built by the Romans 140. 
. Apollo Belvedere, a marble statue 

of Apollo in the Belvedere Gallery 

of the Vatican at Rome. 
Appian Way, oldest of the Roman 

roads, from Rome to Capua. 
apples of Sodom, lovely fruit, but 

within full of ashes. 
arabesque, Moorish (Arabic) pat- 
terns in decoration. 
Arcadian, a shepherd; belonging to 

shepherds. So called from the Greek 

country Arcadia, a pastoral region. 
Arch of Triumph, at the west end of 

the Champs Elysees, Paris, 116 ft. 

high, 145 wide. Begun by Napoleon. 
Arctic, the, a Collins steamer, 

sunk, with great loss of life, in 1854. 



was born near Ayr, Scotland. 



Babylonish captivity, the 70 years' 
captivity of the Jews at Babylon, 
608-538 B. C. 

Baconian philosophy, the inductive 
philosophy of Lord Bacon. 

Balmoral Castle, a Scotch castle 
owned by Queen Victoria. 

Bank of England, in Threadneedle 
Street, London. Founded 1694. 
Sometimes called "The Old Lady 
of Threadneedle Street." 

Bard of Avon, Shakespeare, from 
Stratf ord-on-Avon . 

Barleycorn, John, malt liquor. 

Barmecide's feast, an illusion. 
Barmecide asked a starving beggar 
to dinner, and set empty dishes be- 
fore him.' (Arabian Nights.) 

Barnburners, a name once given to 
radical Democrats. 



Argo, the ship in which Jason went basilisk, a serpent supposed to "look 
after the golden fleece. people dead." 

855 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



basso-relievo, figures cut on marble, 
etc., projecting a little. 

Bastile, French prison and fortress, 
destroyed by the mob, 1789. 

Battle of the Books, a satire by 
Swift on the comparative merits of 
ancient and modern literature. 

Battery, the, a park in New York 
city adjoining the river. 

Beacon Street, the aristocratic resi- 
dence street of Boston. 

Beauty and the Beast, a fairy tale. 
Beauty lives with the Beast to save 
her father's life. Beast, disen- 
chanted by love, is made a handsome 
prince. 

bedlam (Bethlehem), a lunatic 
asjdum. 

Bee, the Attic, Plato, from his sweet 
style. 

Beelzebub, God of flies; a Philistine 
deity. 

begging the question, assuming as 
true what you are to prove. 

belle France, la (Fair France), 
a general name of France. 

Belgravia, fashionable quarter of 
London. 

bell the cat. A wise mouse proposed 
that a bell should be hung upon 
the cat's neck to apprise the mice 
of her coming; a young mouse in- 
quired, "Who will put the bell on?" 

bell, the passing, rung formerly 
when persons were djang. 

beloved disciple, St. John. 

Benicia Boy, John C. Heenan, the 
American pugilist, born at Benicia, 
Cal. 

Bess, Good Queen, Queen Elizabeth. 

Biblioth eque Nationale (National 
Library), at Paris, contains over 
1,000,000 books, 150,000 manu- 
scripts, etc. 

Billingsgate, coarse language, such 
as is used by the fishwomen of Bil- 
lingsgate, the London fish market. 

black death, a contagious, putrid 
typhus, which desolated Europe, 
Asia and Africa in the 14th century. 

Black Friday, Sept. 26, 1869; financial 
panic in Wall street, New York. 

Black Hole, dark cell in Calcutta 
prison where Surajah Dowlah shut 



up 146 British soldiers; 23 lived 
till morning. 

Black Prince, Edward, Prince of 
Wales, son of Edward III. 

Black Republicans, the Republican 
party in the United States, from 
their opposition to the extension of 
slavery. 

Blarney stone, in Blarney Castle, 
near Cork, Ireland. Supposed to 
impart a flowing tongue to whoever 
kisses it. 

Bluebeard, a wife-killing tyrant; 
a sort of Henry VIII. 

blue laws, a nickname of early 
severe New England statutes. 

bluestocking, a female pedant; so 
called from a literary society at 
Venice in 1400, whose members 
wore blue stockings. 

Bohemian, an artist or literary 
man living loosely by his wits. 

Bois de Boulogne, a Paris promenade. 

Border, the, the frontiers of Eng- 
land and Scotland. 

Border Minstrel, the, Sir Walter 
Scott. 

Border States, Maryland, Dela- 
ware, Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri. 

bourgeoisie, French tradesmen and 
manufacturers as a class. 

boulevard, in Paris, a wide street 
or promenade. 

Bourse, the Parisian Stock Exchange. 

Bloody Mary, Queen Mary of Eng- 
land; so called on account of her 
bloodthirsty persecution of English 
Protestants. 

Bow-bells, a set of bells in St. 
Mary-le-Bow Church. London. A 
person "born within sound of Bow- 
bells" is a cockney. 

Bowery, the, a New York thorough- 
fare of the lower classes. 

boycott, to refuse to have anything 
to do with. Boycott, an Irish land- 
lord, was so treated in 1881. 

Brandy Nose, a nickname of Queen 
Anne of England. 

Breeches Bible, an edition in which 
aprons, in Genesis iii. 7, is rendered 
"breeches." 

Bride of the Sea, Venice. 

Bridge of Sighs, in Venice, Italy. 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



Connects Doge's palace and state 
prisons. The condemned passed 
over it to be executed. 

British Museum, a famous library 
and museum of London. 

Broadway, the principal business 
street of New York city. 

Brook Farm, a socialistic commu- 
nity founded at West Roxbury, 
Mass., 1841, to carry out the idea 
of Fourierism. 

Brother Jonathan, America, an 
American. Said to be derived from 
Jonathan Trumbull, governor of 
Connecticut, of whom Washington 
would say, "We must consult 
Brother Jonathan." 

buncombe or bunkum, clap-trap 
eloquence. Said to come from Bun- 
combe, in North Carolina. A North 
Carolina member said a fiery speech 
was not delivered to the house, but 
to buncombe. 

Bunker Hill Monument, a granite 
obelisk on Bunker (once Breed's) Hill, 
Charlestown, Mass., marking the site 
of the battle between the British and 
Americans, June 17, 1775. 



cachet, lettres de (sealed letters.) 
Blank warrants with the French 
King's seal, to free from, or im- 
prison in the Bastile. 

Caledonia, a poetical name for Scot- 
land. 

Campagna (the country.) The plain 
around the city of Rome. 

Carbonari, Italian secret political 
society, organized in 1820. 

carmagnole, song and dance in the 
French Revolution. 

cartesian philosophy" (Descartes.) 
"I think, therefore I exist." 

Castle Garden, former landing-place 
of immigrants, New York city ; now 
a grand aquarium. 

Catacombs, the subterranean burial- 
places in Alexandria, Egypt; also 
in Rome. 

cavalier servente, the escort of a 
married woman. 

Cecilia, Saint, a Roman Christian 
martyr; patroness of music. 

85 



Celestial Empire, China, whose first 
emperors were all divinities. 

Central Park, the great park of New 
York, city; contains 863 acres. 

Champs de Mars, a field in Paris 
for military maneuvers. 

Champs Elysees, a promenade in 
Paris, l l /i miles long. 

Charter Oak, a tree in Hartford, 
Conn., in which the Colonial Char-- 
ter was secreted in 1688. Blown 
down in 1856. 

chauvinism, narrow-minded brag- 
gart patriotism; from Chauvin, a 
character of Scribe's. 

Cheapside, a great and crowded 
London thoroughfare. 

Chestnut Street, the fashionable 
street of Philadelphia, Pa. 

Chiltern Hundreds, to accept the, 
to resign one's seat in Parliament. 
An English member of Parliament 
resigns his seat by taking office. 
Stewardship of the Chiltern Hun- 
dreds is a sinecure for this purpose. 

Christ Church, the largest college 
in the University of Oxford. 

Cid, the, Don Roderigo Laynez, 
Count of Bivar; Spanish hero. _ 

Cincinnati, the, society of American 
Revolutionary officers. 

Citizen King, the, Louis Philippe 
of France. 

Cockaigne, Land of, an imaginary 
land of pleasure and laziness. 

Colossus of Rhodes, a brass statue 
at Rhodes, 126 feet high. 

Columbia, poetical name of the 
United States, from Columbits 

Column of Vendome (Colonne 
Vendome), stone pillar in Paris, 
erected by Napoleon; razed by the 
Commune in 1871. 

Confederate States, the 11 states 
which seceded in 1861, viz., Ala- 
bama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, 
Louisiana, Mississippi, North Caro- 
lina, South Carolina, Tennessee, 
Texas, Virginia. 

Congressional Library, at Washing- 
ton, largest in United Slates. 

consols, English public securities at 
3 per cent. 

Copperheads, northern sympathizers 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



with the South in the American Civil Defender of the Faith, title given 

War. by Pope Leo X. to Henry VIII. of 

Corncrackers, the, Kentuckians. England. 

Corn Law Rhymer, the, Ebenezer dies irae (day of wrath), first two 

Elliott. words of a celebrated medieval 

Corso (the Course), the chief thor- hymn by Thomas of Celano. 

oughfare of Rome. Directory, the French, by the 

Crapaud (a toad) Johnny, a constitution of 1795 the executive 

Frenchman. The ancient device of 



French royalty was three toads 
(subsequently the fleur de lys). 
credit mobilier, a company au- 
thorized to do a stock-jobbing busi- Dizzy, 
ness. The American C. M. in con- raeli 



power was vested in five directors. 
It lasted four years only. 
Dixie, the Land of Dixie, the 

Southern states. 

a nickname of Benjamin Dis- 
Earl of Beaconsfield. 



nection with the Pacific railroads Doctors' Commons, where the Ec- 



was famous in 1873. 
crocodile tears, hypocritical grief. 

The crocodile was fabled to weep as 

it ate its victim. 
Cumberland, a United States vessel 



clesiastical Court sat in London. 
doctrinaire, an impracticable poli- 
tician. First applied to the French 
Constitutional Monarchists, of whom 
Guizot was one. 



sunk by the Confederate ram Mer- Doe, John, fictitious plaintiff in 

rimac in Hampton Roads, March ejectment; Doe versus Roe. 

8, 1862. Went down with colors Doomsday Book, a book containing 



the value of all English estates in 

the reign of William the Conqueror. 

Donnybrook Fair, a once celebrated 

annual fair near Dublin. 
Douay Bible, the, the English Bible 
authorized by the Roman Catholic 
Church. First published at Douay, 
France. 
Downing Street, in London. The 
official residence of the Prime Min- 
isters is situated there since the time 
of Sir Robert Walpole. 
Drachenfels (Dragon Rock), a cas- 
tle on a mountain of the same name, 
high above the Rhine, not far from 
Bonn. 
Drury Lane Theater, a London 
playhouse, opened in 1668. 
by Charles Darwin in his "Origin Dunciad, a satire on dunces by Pope. 
of Species;" the different species Colley Cibber is the hero, 
came from one or a few original Dying Gladiator, an ancient statue 
forms, present differences being the in the Capitol at Rome, 
result of development and natural 

selection. E 

de profundis (out of the depths), 

the first two words of the Latin Eastern States, the. Maine, Vermont, 
version of the 130th Psalm. Sung New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 
at burials. Rhode Island, and Connecticut. 

Debatable Ground, land on the ecce homo (behold the man), a famous 
western border of Scotland, disputed painting by Corregio representing the 
between Scotland and England. Saviour crowned with thorns. 

858 



flying, firing a broadside as she sunk. 
curfew bell, a bell rung at sunset in 
the time of William I. and II. in 
England, to order fires and candles 
to be put out. 



Damocles' sword, presentiment of 
evil. Dionysius the Elder, tyrant of 
Syracuse, invited his flatterer Dam- 
ocles to a splendid feast, but hung 
over his head a sword dangling by a 
single hair. 

Darby and Joan, an affectionate 
married couple. From a ballad. 

Dartmoor Prison, in Devonshire, 
England. A prison of war. 

Darwinian theory, a theory proposed 






Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



Merovingian dynasty in 



Ecole Polytechnique (polytechnic of the 

school), a Parisian school whose France. 

graduates are given places in the Falernian, a celebrated ancient Ital- 

public service. ian wine grown at Falernum. 

El Dorado (the golden), general name Faneuil Hall, in Boston, Mass., first 

for wealthy country. built in 1742. Revolutionary ora- 

elephant, seeing the, seeing the tors frequently addressed public 

world; "life." meetings in it. 

Elgin marbles, a collection of Greek Farmer George, George III. of 



sculptures (mainly from the Athen- 
ian Parthenon), made by Lord 
Elgin; now in British Museum. 

Escorial, the, granite palace and 
mausoleum near Madrid. 

Eternal City, the, Rome. 

Eulenspiegel, Tyl, hero of a German 
story; a vagrant Brunswicker who 
cuts up all sorts of pranks. 

eureka (I have found it), a saying 
attributed to Archimedes when he 
discovered the way to test the 
purity of Hiero's crown. 

Evangelists, symbols of the, Mat- 
thew has a scroll before him and 
holds a pen. Mark sits writing, 
with a winged lion by his side. 
Luke has a pen and scroll; near him 
is an ox. John is a young man, 
behind whom is an eagle. 

Exclusion, Bill of, a bill which passed 
the English Commons in 1679, 
proposing to exclude the Duke of 
York (afterwards James II) from 
the throne, because he was a-Roman 
Catholic. 

Expounder of the Constitution, 
the, Daniel Webster. 



England; so called from his bluff 
manners, thriftiness, and love of 
agriculture. 

Fata Morgana, a mirage observed 
in the Straits of Messina. 

Father of His Country, George 
Washington. 

Fathers of the Latin Church, 
Ambrose, of Milan; Augustine, St. 
Bernard, Hilary, Jerome, Lactantius. 

Faubourg, St. Antoine, the part of 
Paris in which the workingmen live. 
Once the scene of many insurrec- 
tions and riots. 

Faubourg, St. Germain, the aris- 
tocratic residence quarter of Paris, 
where are the houses of the old no- 
bility. 

Fenians, a society of Irishmen or- 
ganized in the United States in 1865 
to make Ireland a republic. 

Field of the Cloth of Gold, plain 
in France, where Francis I. met 
Henry VIII.; so called from the 
magnificent display made. 

Fifth Avenue, a celebrated residence 
street in New York City. 

Fighting Joe, the American General 
Joseph Hooker. 

First Gentleman in Europe, George 
IV. of England. 

Five Points, a locality in New York, 
once famous as the abode of poverty 
and crime; now greatly changed. 

Flagellants, religious fanatics of the 
thirteenth century, who went about 
naked and scourging themselves. 

Fleet, the, a famous London prison, 
taken down in 1845. 
Fairmount "Park, in Philadelphia, Flowery Kingdom, the, China, 



Fabian policy, a policy of delay, 
such as was pursued by Q. Fabius 
Maximus, called Cunctator, 'The 
Delayer." 

Fabius, the American, George 
Washington. 

Faerie Queene, a rhymed romance of 
Edmund Spenser 



contains nearly 3,000 acres. It was 
the site of the Centennial Exposition 
of 1876. 
Faineants, Les Rois (Do-nothing 
Kings), nicknames of the last kings 



where flowers are abundant. 
Flying Dutchman, a spectre ship 
seen, in bad weather, about the Cape 
of Good Hope; supposed to presage 
bad luck. 



859 



V 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



FCharrleort Sumter, in the h.°e 
borston, S. C. Here was done 
the first fighting in thelate Qvil 
War of the United States. 

Foui ierism, a system o communism 
proposed by Charles Fourier. The 
world was to be divided into "pha- 
lansteries" of 400 families, who were 
to live and work in common. 

freshman, a student in his first year 
at college. 

Funk, Peter, a mock auction; a 
person employed at auction sales in 
making bids in collusion with the 
owner of property to be sold. 



Gadshill, near Rochester, in Kent, 
England ; famous for Falstaff 's high- 
way robbery. Charles Dickens lived 
there. 

genre painting, one representing 
domestic rural ordinary scenes. 

George, St., and the Dragon, St. 
George, the patron saint of England, 
is said to have slain in Libya a huge 
dragon, to which every day a virgin 
was offered up. 

gerrymander, to so apportion, 
geographically, legislative, congres- 
sional, or other electoral districts, 
as to give an unfair preponderance 
to some one political party. Started 
in Massachusetts, and named after 
Elbridge Gerry, then governor of the 
state. 

Ghetto, the quarter in Rome to 
which the Jews were formerly re- 
stricted. Also in many other Euro- 
pean cities. 

Ghibelline, in the Middle Ages an 
adherent of the Holy Roman Empire 
against the Papacy. 

Girondists; the Gironde, in the 
French Revolution the party of mod- 
erate "constitutional" Republicans. 

Glencoe, a pass in Argyleshire, 
Scotland. Here, Feb. 13, 1691, oc- 
curred the famous massacre of Glen- 
coe, in which 38 of the McDonalds 
were murdered by 120 soldiers under 
Capt. Campbell. 

Gobelins, a tapestry and carpet 



manufactory at Paris, founded abouof 
1515 by J. Gobelin, a dyer. 

Godiva, Lady, wife of Leofric, Earl 
of Mercia, who offered to remit cer- 
tain exactions to his tenants if she 
would ride naked through the streets 
of Coventry. She did so, everybody 
keeping indoors except one "Peeping 
Tom," who was struck blind for 
peeping at her. 

Golconda, a locality in India con- 
taining some rich diamond mines. 

Golden Age, an age of innocence and 
prosperity. The palmy time of a 
nation or a literature. 

Golden Gate, the entrance to the 
harbor of San Francisco, Cal. 

Golden Horn, the estuary of the 
Bosphorus, upon whose banks Con- 
stantinople is built. 

Golden House, palace of gold built 
by Nero in Rome. 

Gordian knot, a vexed question, an 
obstacle. Gordius, a Phrygian 
peasant, when chosen king, conse- 
crated his wagon to Jupiter, tying 
the yoke and beam together so that 
it could not be untied, till Alexan- 
der, hearing that the untier of the 
knot should rule over all the East, 
cut the knot with his sword. 

Gordon Riots, the, in 1780, at 
London, under Lord George Gordon, 
a weak-minded nobleman, to force 
the repeal of the bill passed by the 
House of Commons to relieve the 
Roman Catholics. ' 

Getham, a name sometimes applied 
to New York city. 

Gotham, the Wise Men of, were 
noted for their folly. Gotham was 
an English village. 

Great Commoner, the, William Pitt. 

Great Duke, the, the Duke of 
Wellington. 

Great Eastern, a great steamship, 
the largest vessel of her time. She 
was made to carry 1,000 passengers 
and 5,000 tons of cargo. After 1864 
a cable ship and collier. 

Great Pyramid, the, at Gheezeh, 
Egypt, was built about 3100 B. C. 
It is 484 feet high, and contains 
577,600 square feet. 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



mbacks, United States Treasury 
10 tee; so called from their color. 
sen Isle, the, Ireland, from the 
reenness of its vegetation; also 
tiled the Emerald Isle. 
senwood, a cemetery in Brooklyn, 

Y.; largest in America, 
jgorian year, the year as reformed 
>y Gregory XIII., in 1582.' He took 
iway 10 days. 
Gretna Green, a Scotch village, once 
a famous place for runaway matches. 
A declaration before witnesses of an 
intention to marry was formerly 
sufficient to make a valid marriage 
in Scotland. 
Grub Street, a London street, once 

noted for literary hacks. 
Guelphs, in medieval Europe the 
adherents of the Papacy as against 
the Holy Roman Empire. 
Guildhall, the London Town hall; 

the hall of the guilds. 
gunner's daughter, kissing the, to 
be flogged. Boys in the English 
navy, before being flogged, are tied 
to a gun breech. 
Gunpowder Plot, the, a plot to 
blow up the English Parliament in 
its House, Nov. 5, 1605, with gun- 
powder. Catesby conceived the 
scheme, which was to have been 
carried out by Guy Fawkes. 
Gyges' ring, a ring which made the 
wearer invisible. Gyges, a Lydian, 
found in a brazen horse, in a cavern, 
a man's corpse, from the finger of 
which he took a brazen ring which 
made him invisible. With this ring 
he went into the chamber of the 
King of Lydia, whom he murdered 
and succeeded. 

H 

Habeas Corpus Act, the, passed in 
the time of Charles II. , provides that 
the body of an accused person must 
be brought (if he insist) before a 
judge, and the reason of his confine- 
ment stated. The judge will then 
determine whether or not to admit 
the accused to bail. The guilt of an 
accused person is to be finally de- 
cided by a jury. 



halcyon days, a period of happiness 
The halcyon (kingfisher) was thought 
by the ancients to lay its eggs, and 
brood for 14 days preceding the win- 
ter solstice, on the surface of the 
ocean, which was always calm during 
this time. 

handicap, in horse-racing, assigning 
different weights to horses of differ- 
ent speed, age, etc., so they may run 
with an equal chance. So called 
from ancient game of cards. 

Hansard, the debates of the British 
Parliament, which are printed by a 
firm named Hansard. 

Hanseatic League, a union of a 
number of maritime towns in north- 
ern Germany for purpose of trade 
and mutual safety. Founded in the 
thirteenth century. Their triennial 
legislature was called hansa. 

Hanse Towns, the North German 
seaboard cities which once consti- 
tuted the Hanseatic League. 

hare, mad as a March, the hare is 
excessively wild in March. 

Harpies, . creatures with a woman's 
head and breasts, and the rest of the 
body like vultures, hungry and 
emitting a terrible stench. 

hari-kari (happy dispatch), Japanese 
official suicide. Civil officials ordered 
by the government to dispatch them- 
selves, rip out their bowels with two 
cross-gashes. 

harvest moon, the full moon at or 
nearest to the fall equinox; rises for 
a number of days about sunset. 

Heathen Chinee, a nickname of the 
Chinese in America. 

Heidelberg Castle, a ruined palace- 
fortress near Heidelberg, Germany. 

heel-tap, "no heel-taps"; i. e., drain 
the glass to the bottom. A heel-tap 
is a shoe-peg stuck in the heel, but 
taken out when the shoe is done. 

Hegira, the date of Mahomet's flight 
from Mecca, July 16, 622. The 
Mahometan epoch begins with it. 

High Church, that section of the 
English clergy which maintains the 
apostolic descent of the clergy, and 
absolution by priests. 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



high seas, the, the sea beyond 
three miles from the coast. 

History, the Father of, the Greek 
historian, Herodotus. 

hob-and-nob, to touch glasses to- 
gether in drinking; to talk confiden- 
tially to. A hob, at the corner of the 
hearth, was to heat the water or 
spirit. A nob is a small table. 

Hobson's choice, what is offered, or 
nothing. It is said that Tobias 
Hobson, an English stable-keeper, 
whenever a customer came to hire a 
horse, made him take the horse 
nearest the stable door. 

Holborn, a London street by which 
criminals used to be carried out to 
execution at Tyburn. 

Holy Alliance, formed in 1816 by 
Austria, Prussia and Russia. 

Holy Family, the, the name of 
many medieval pictures represent- 
ing the infant Jesus, Joseph, the 
Virgin, John the Baptist, Anna, and 
Elizabeth. Perhaps the most cele- 
brated are by Michelangelo, at 
Florence; by Rubens, at Florence; 
by Raphael, in London; and by 
Leonardo da Vinci, in the Louvre. 

Holy Land, the, Palestine, as the 
birthplace of Christ. 

Holy League, the, the alliance of 
Pope Julius II., France, Germany, 
Spain, and some of the Italian Re- 
publics in 1508, against Venice. 

Honi soit qui mal y pense (Shame 
to him who evil thinks). Motto of 
the Order of the Garter. At a ball 
given by Edward III. of England, 
the Countess of Salisbury's blue gar- 
ter came off accidentally. The King 
picked it up, made the remark 
quoted above, and fixed it round his 
own knee. This led to his instituting 
the Order of the Garter. 

honors of war, allowing a surrendered 
enemy to keep his arms. 

Hotel de Rambouillet, a Paris palace, 
the resort of wits, literary ladies, etc., 
in the seventeenth century. Ridiculed 
by Moliere. 

Hotel de Ville, the city hall of French 
and Belgian cities. 

hour is, in the Koran, black-eyed, 



beautiful virgins of Paradise; 72 
are allotted to each believer. 

humble pie, to eat, to make sub- 
mission. From umbles, the entrails 
and other inferior portions of the 
deer. 

Hundred Days, the, from March 
20, 1815, when Napoleon escaped 
from Elba, to June 22, 1815, when 
he abdicated. 



iconoclast (image-breaker), a rad- 
ical reformer; so called from the 
eighth century reformers who ob- 
jected to and threw down statues, 
pictures, etc., in churches. 

Iliad, the story of the siege of Troy 
by the Greeks, a Greek epic poem, 
by Homer. 

Immaculate Conception, the dog- 
ma of the Catholic Church that the 
Virgin Mary was conceived without 
original sin. 

Independence, Declaration of, is- 
sued July 4,-1776, asserting the in- 
dependence of the American Colonies 
of Great Britain. 

Independence Hall, in Philadelphia, 
Pa.; the meeting-place of the Conti- 
nental Congress, where the Declara- 
tion of Independence was adopted. 

Index Expurgatorius, a list of 
printed works, the reading of which 
is prohibited by the Church of Rome; 
published annually. 

Inns of Court, the four London law 
societies which have the sole right 
of admitting candidates to the bar. 
They are Gray's Inn, Lincoln's 
Inn, the Inner Temple, and the 
Middle Temple. 

Inquisition (an inquiry into), a 
tribunal to inquire into transgres- 
sions against the Roman Catholic 
Church. 

Irish Agitator, the, Daniel O'Con- 
nell. 

Iron City, the, Pittsburg, Pa., 
celebrated for its iron industries. 

Iron Dffke, the, the Duke of Wel- 
lington. 

iron mask, the man in the, a 
mysterious French state prisoner. 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



Jack Ketch, the hangman; the 
name of an English hangman. 

Jack Robinson, before you can 
say Jack Robinson, meaning at 
once. Halliwell notes the deriva- 
tion "Jack, Robes on" from an old 
play. According to Grose, one Jack 
Robinson was noted for the short- 
ness of his visits; the servants had 
hardly time to repeat Jack Robin- 
son, before he would leave. (Very 
doubtful.) 

Jack the Giant-Killer, a nursery 
hero, who has an invincible sword, 
a cap of wisdom, shoes of swiftness, 
and an invisible coat. 

Jack, the American, or Union, the 
blue ground of the American flag 
with the stars, but without the 
stripes. 

Jacobins, a famous political club 
in the French Revolution. It met at 
a convent of the Jacobins (Domini- 
cans). 

Jacobites, adherents of James II. of 
England, and the Stuarts, his de- 
scendants; from Jacobus (James). 

Jardin des Plantes, botanical and 
zoological garden in Paris. 

Jardin Mahille, a once famous 
garden in Paris; the home of the 
can-can. Pleasure resort of the 
demi-monde. Shut up in 1882. 

Jericho, gone to, disappeared, 
ruined. Henry VIII. had a manor 

. called Jericho. When he went there 
to visit some of his mistresses it 
used to be said of him, "He has gone 
to Jericho.' (Very doubtful.) 

Jerusalem Delivered, an Italian 
epic poem by Torquato Tasso. 

Jingo; Jingoism. Expressions 

which arose during the ministry of 
Lortt Beaconsfield, 1874-1880. Ap- 
plied to those who wished England 
to take an aggressive foreign policy. 
It originated in a music-hall song. 

Joan, Pope. A pretended female 
Pope who was said to Hive suc- 
ceeded Leo IV. The falsity of the 
legend has been shown. 

John Bull. Nickname for an English- 



man.; England. A choleric, plethoric* 
bull-headed, well-meaning fellow. 

John Chinaman, nickname for the 
Chinese in America. 

Johnny Reb, nickname of South- 
erners in American Civil War. 

Jubilee, Year of, among the Jews 
came every 50th year; all debts 
were considered to be paid, and land 
reverted to its original owners. In 
the Catholic Church it comes once 
in every 25 years. 

Juggernaut, a Hindoo god who has 
a famous temple in India. 

Julian Era, the, begins 46 B. C, 
when Csesar reformed the calendar. 

Junius, letters of, a celebrated 
series of political letters signed 
" Junius," written in the reign of 
George III.; of doubtful authorship. 



K 



Kansas, Bleeding, so called on ac- 
count of the fierce struggles between 
its anti-slavery and pro-slavery 
settlers. 

Kensington Gardens, a great Lon- 
don pleasure ground adjoining Ken- 
sington Palace (where Queen Victoria 
was born). 

Kilkenny cats, the, ' fought in a saw- 
pit till only their tails remained. 

King can do no wrong, the, meaning 
he is not responsible, but his ministers 
are, for mistakes in administration. 

King of Yvetot, a "good, little 
king." A pretentious person. The 
holders of the little seigneurie of 
Yvetot had the title of king. 

King Cole, a legendary British king, 
who "loved his pipe and bowl." 

King Cotton, cotton, the great pro- 
duct of the Southern states, was so 
called before the Civil War. 

King's evil, the scrofula. It was an 
ancient notion that the touch of a 
sovereign could heal scrofula. Doc- 
tor Johnson was the last English- 
man "touched" for scrofula. 

King Log, an ineffectual, do-nothing 
ruler. Jupiter, in answer to the pray- 
er of the frogs for a king, gave them 
a log. 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



King-maker, the, Richard Neville, 
the great Earl of Warwick, who set 
up and deposed English kings in the 
15th century. 

King Stork, a tyrant. The frogs, 
dissatisfied with the let-alone policy 
of King Log, prayed for a new king, 
whereupon Jupiter sent them the 
stork, who devoured them miscel- 
laneously. 

Kit-cat Club, the, a famous Lon- 
don club, founded in 1688, at the 
shop of one Christopher Katt, pas- 
try-cook. Among the members were 
Addison, Congreve, . Halifax, the 
Duke of Marlborough, Steele, and 
Vanbrugh. 

Knickerbocker, a member of an 
"old" New York family; especially 
persons descended from' the original 
Dutch settlers. 

Knights of Malta, also called Hos- 
pitallers of St. John of Jerusalem. 
A once powerful association. The 
original knights had charge of a 
church and hospital at Jerusalem 
consecrated to St. John. Thence 
they moved to Rhodes, and in 1523 
to Malta. 

Know Nothings, political party in 
the United States insisting that no- 
body but "native Americans should 
hold office." Sprang up suddenly 
about 1856, and (after carrying a 
few state elections) disappeared. 

Kohinoor (Mountain "of Light), a 



tricable series of winding passages, 
constructed by Minos, King of 
Crete. 

laconic, brief, from Laconia, an- 
other name for Sparta; the Spartans 
cultivate curtness of speech. 

Lachrymae Christi, Italian wine 
grown about Mount Vesuvius. 

Lake School, the, the poetry of 
Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Southey, 
who lived in the Lake district of 
England. 

Land of Bondage, Egypt, so called 
by the Jews. 

Land of Cakes, Scotland, famous 
for its oatmeal cakes. 

Land of Nod, popular phrase for sleep. 

Land of Promise, or Promised 
Land, among the Jews, Canaan, 
which God promised to Abraham. 

lang syne is Scotch for long since. 
The famous song Auld Lang Syne is 
generally credited to Robert Burns, 
who said he took this song down 
from an old man's singing. 

langue d'oc (language of yes) 
Provengal, formerly the language of 
southern- France. 

langue d'oil (language of yes), French, 
in distinction from Provengal. 

Laocoon, a statue in the Belvedere 
of the Vatican representing the death 
of Laocoon, strangled to death (with 
his sons) by serpents. 

Laodicean, "luke-warm," in religious 
matters. See Rev. iii. 14-18. 



diamond from the mines of Golconda, Lares and Penates, the household 



India. When found (1550) it 
weighed 793 carats; the present 
weight is 106 1-16. It came into the 
possession of Queen Victoria in 
1850. Estimated value, $625,000, or 
£125,000. 

Koran or Alkoran (The Reading), 
the Mohammedan Bible. 

Kremlin, a quarter in Moscow, 
Russia, in which are several palaces, 
cathedrals, towers, etc. 



Labyrinth, The, a celebrated struc- 
ture of ancient Egypt. A maze of 
Hies, so called from an inex- 



gods of the Romans. 

Last Judgment, the subject of many 
medieval paintings. The most 
famous is the fresco by Michelan- 
gelo, in the Sistine Chapel in the 
Vatican. There is a fresco of it in the 
Campo Santo, at Pisa, supposed to be 
the work of Orcagna; and a picture 
on this subject by Luca Signorelli, 
in Orvieto Cathedral, is considered 
his masterpiece. 

Last Supper, the, is the subject of 
many medieval paintings, of which 
the m6%t famous is Leonardo da 
•Vinci's, at Milan. Next is Andrea 
del Sarto's in the Salvi convent, 
near Florence. 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



Lateran Palace, the, at Rome, was 
the residence of the Popes till late 
in the 14th century. 

Laughing Philosopher, the, De- 

mocritus of Abdera. 

Leaning Tower, the, at Pisa, 
Italy; leans about 13 feet from the 
perpendicular; 178 ft. high; 50 ft. 
in diameter. 

Learned Blacksmith, the, Elihu 
Burritt, an American writer and 
linguist, originally a blacksmith. 

Leonine verses, verses in which end 
and middle words rhyme. 

Libby Prison, a famous Confederate 
prison of war at Richmond, Va., 
during the Civil War of the United 
States. 

Lilliput, a region inhabited by pig- 
mies, in Gulliver's Travels. 

lingua franca, a corrupt Italian- 
French spoken along the Mediter- 
ranean. 

Lion and Unicorn, on the British 
royal arms. The lion is English; 
the unicorn, Scotch. Added in 1603. 

Lion of the North, Gustavus Adol- 
phus of Sweden. 

lion's share, all or most. The lion, in 
iEsop, hunts with some other beasts. 
In dividing the spoils he claims four 
quarters. 

Little Corporal, Napoleon I., from 
his shortness of stature. 

Little Giant, Stephen A. Douglas, 
who was of small stature. 

Lloyds, rooms in London, resorted 
to by bankers and brokers. 

Lombard Street, the great financial 
street of London. 

Lone Star State, the, Texas, whose 
flag bears a single star. 

Long Parliament, the, sat from 
Nov. 3, 1640, till April 20, 1653. 

Lorelei, a water spirit who enticed 
sailors till they were dashed to 
pieces by the rapids around the high 
rocks called Lorelei, on the Rhine. 

Lotus Eaters, the, a people in 
Homer's Odyssey who ate the lotus 
tree, which made them forget home, 
and only wish "to live at ease." 

Louvre, a palace in Paris rilled with 
works of art. 



Low Church, that section of the 
English Church which lays little or 
no stress on ceremonies and is ex- 
tremely "evangelical." 

Lusiad, a Portuguese epic by Cam- 
oens, recounts the adventures of the 
Lusians (Portuguese) under Vasco 
da Gama, the first to sail to India. 

lynch law, hanging by a mob; its 
judgments are pronounced by "Judge 
Lynch." Said to be derived from a 
Virginian named Lynch, who acted 
as a judge in the 17th century, by 
appointment of his neighbors. Ac- 
cording to others, derived from an 
Irish James Lynch, Warden of Gal- 
way, who sentenced his own son to 
death for murder. 



M 



Mab, Queen, "the fairies' mid- 
wife," i. e., employed by the fairies 
as midwife of dreams (to deliver 
man's brain of dreams). 

macadamize, to pave a street with 
broken stones; so called from Sir 
John Macadam, who invented that 
system of paving. 

macaronic verse, ludicrous verses 
consisting of words from different 
languages mixed. 

Machiavellism, political or diplo- 
matic trickery; so called from Nich- 
olas Macchiavelli, author of a polit- 
ical treatise called The Prince. 

Madame Tussaud's Exhibition, an 
exhibition in London of waxwork 
figures, many being modelled from 
life. 

Mad Poet, the, Nathaniel Lee, the 
insane English dramatist. 

Madman of Macedonia, the, 
Alexander the Great. 

Madman of the North, Charles 
XII. of Sweden. 

Madonna (My Lady), the Virgin 
Mary. Of the immense number of 
pictures on this subject, we mention 
the Sistine Madonna, by Raphael, 
and the Madonna di San Georgio, by 
Correggio, at Dresden; and the Ma- 
donna della Seggiola, by Raphael, 
in the Pitti Palace, Florence. 



Die. 67 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



Maecenas, a friend and patron of 
literary men. Caius Cilnius Maece- 
nas, a Roman general and states- 
man, friend of Augustus, was a lib- 
eral patron of literary men, espe- 
cially Horace and Virgil. 

Magna Charta (Great Charter), the 
charter securing the liberty (or 
at least fair trial) of English sub- 
jects; granted by King John. 

Mahomet's Coffin, was said to be 
hung in mid-air at Medina. 

Maid of Orleans, the, Joan of Arc 
(Jeanne d'Arc). 

Maid of Saragossa, Augustina 
Zaragoza, famous for her valor dur- 
ing the siege of Saragossa, in Spain, 
by the French (1808-1809). 

Maiden Queen, the, Queen Eliza- 
beth of England. 

Maine law, a prohibitory liquor 
law first adopted in Maine. 

Malthusian Doctrine, the, so 
called from the English economist 
Mai thus, who claimed that popula- 
tion increases faster than the means 
of living; so that, unless population 
is checked, either a part of it must 
starve to death, or the whole of it 
be insufficiently fed. 

Mammoth Cave, near Green River, 
Ky., is the largest in the world. 

man in the moon, the, is the man 
who picked up sticks on the Sab- 
bath. Numbers xv. 32-36; another 
legend says he is Cain. 

Man of Destiny, the, Napoleon 
Bonaparte. 

Man of Iron, the, Bismarck. 

man of straw, an irresponsible 
person. Professional false witnesses 
or givers of "straw bail" in the 
English courts are said to have 
worn a straw in their shoes as a 
professional sign. 

mare's-nest, to find a, to find 
something which seems of impor- 
tance, but doesn't amount to any- 
thing. The nightmare was thought 
to be a vampire which guarded 
treasures in its secret nest. 

Marriage a la Mode (fashionable 
marriage), a series of six satirical 
pictures by William Hogarth. 



Marseillaise, a famous French Revo- 
lutionary song, now the French 
national air. Composed by Rouget 
de Lisle. 

martinet, a rigid disciplinarian, so 
called from M. de Martinet, a 
French infantry tactician in the 
17th century. 

Mason and Dixon's Line, so called 
because run by two English sur- 
veyors, Charles Mason and Jere- 
miah Dixon, 1763-1767. It was 39° 
43' 26" north latitude, being the 
northern "boundary of the then slave 
states, dividing Pennsylvania from 
Maryland and Virginia. 

Mausoleum, the marble monument 
built by Artemisia, queen of Caria, 
to her husband, Mausolus; one of 
the seven wonders of the world. 

Mayfair, an aristocratic region in 
London . 

Mayflower, the, the vessel in which 
the founders of the Plymouth 
Colony, in Massachusetts, sailed 
from Southampton, -England, in 
1620. 

Medicine, the Father of, Hip- 
pocrates of Cos. 

Merlin, a celebrated enchanter in 
the Arthurian legends. 

mermaid, a sea nymph with a fish's 
tail. 

Merry Andrew, a buffoon; so called 
from Andrew Borde, the eccentric 
physician of Henry VIII. 

Merry England, a common desig- 
nation of England; in the old sense 
of the word merry, meaning pleas- 
ant, agreeable. 

Merry Monarch, the, Charles II. 
of England. 

mesmerism is named after the Ger- 
man physician, Mesmer. 

mezzo-relievo (middle relief), figures 
cut in stone, etc., which project 
from the tablet more than figures 
in basso-relievo, and less than figures 
in alto-relievo. 

Middle Ages, the, the period be- 
tween the destruction of the Ro- 
man Empire and the revival of 
learning in Italy, from 476-1500. 

Middle States, the, New Yorl 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and 
Delaware. 

Minnesingers (love-singers), the Ger- 
man lyric poets of the 12th and 
13th centuries. 

Miserere (pity), the 51st psalm; a 
penitential psalm. 

Mississippi Bubble, the. See South 
Sea Scheme. 

Missouri Compromise, the, pro- 
hibited slavery north of 36° -30' 
north. 

Mistress of the Seas, England. 

Molly Maguires, a secret society in 
the United States; many crimes 
were attributed to it; especially in 
Pennsylvania, in the coal regions, 
of which state it was long active. 

Monarque, Le Grand (The Great 
Monarch), Louis XIV. of France. 

Monroe Doctrine, the United States 
is not to meddle in European affairs, 
nor to allow European govern- 
ments to meddle in the affairs of 
the American continent. European 
forms of government not to be per- 
mitted in North America. This 
doctrine really belongs, not to Presi- 
dent Monroe, but to Adams, his 
Secretary of State. 

Mont de Piete (Mountain of Piety), 
a pawnbroker's shop; in particular 
the famous Paris pawnbroking estab- 
lishment. 

Montmartre, a Parisian cemetery. 

Monumental City, the, Baltimore, 
Md., so called from the number of 
its public monuments. 

Morey Letter, the, a forged letter 
(1880) attributing anti-Chinese sen- 
timents to Gen. Garfield. 

morganatic marriage, the marriage 
of a person of high rank to a woman 
of inferior rank, who does not take 
her husband's title. 

Mother of * Presidents, Virginia; 
eight Virginians have been President 
of the United States. 

Mother Carey's Chickens, stormy 
petrels. Mother Carey is said to be 
Mater Cara ("Dear Mother"), i. e., 
the Virgin Mary. 

Mother Goose, nursery rhymer, lived 
in Boston; sang her rhymes to her 



grandson, Thomas Fleet, who printed 
them in 1719. 

Mount Vernon, the home of Wash- 
ington in Virginia. 

muscular Christianity, healthy 
religion, "a sound mind in a sound 
body." The phrase originated with 
Charles Kingsley. 

music of the spheres, according 
to Plato each planet has a siren who 
sings a song harmonizing with the 
motion of her own planet, and also 
with the other planets. 



N 



namby-pamby, wishy-washy, child- 
ish. A name given by Pope to cer- 
tain verses written by Ambrose 
Philips for the children of Lord 
Carteret;' a babyish way of pro- 
nouncing Ambry (Ambrose) and 
Philips. 

Nantes, Edict of, issued at Nantes, 
France, in 1598, by Henry IV., 
granting toleration to the Protestant 
religion; repealed by Louis XIV. 
in 1685. 

Nation of Shopkeepers, the English; 
so called by Napoleon I. 

Natural Bridge, the, a natural 
arch 200 feet high spanning Cedar 
Creek, near James River, Virginia. 

Newgate, the oldest of the London 
prisons. 

New World, the Americas. 

Nibelungen-Lied, a German epic 
poem of the, 13th century. 

Nightmare of Europe, the, Na- 
poleon Bonaparte. ' 

Nine Worthies, the, David, Joshua, 
Judas Maccabseus, Alexander, Hec- 
tor, Julius Ceesar, Arthur, Charle- 
magne, and Godfrey of Bouillon. 

Noctes Ambrosianae (Ambrosian 
nights), the title of a celebrated 
work by Prof. Wilson ("Christopher 
North"). Lockhart and Wilson 
used to frequent Ambrose's, an 
Edinburgh tavern. 

Noel, Christmas-day. From nouvelles 
(news) . 

Nonconformists dissenters from the 
Church of England. Origanilly 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



applied to the 2,000 clergymen who 
left that Church in 1662, because 
they would not conform with the 
Act of Uniformity. 

Northern Giant, the, Russia. 

Notre Dame, the cathedral of Paris. 



Odyssey, Homer's narrative poem 
dealing with the adventures of 
Odysseus (Ulysses) on his voyage 
from Troy to Ithaca. 

ogres, giants who devour human 
flesh. Said to come from the Ogurs, 
a fierce Asiatic tribe. 

Oi Polloi (Hoi Polloi), the many; the 
mob. 

Old Abe, Abraham Lincoln. 

Old Bailey, a famous London criminal 
court. 

Old Dominion, the, Virginia. 

Old Guard, the, favorite regiment 
of Napoleon I. The supporters of 
Gen. .Grant for the Presidency at the 
Chicago Convention of 1880. 

Old Hickory, a nickname of Andrew 
Jackson. 

Old Probabilities, a nickname for. 
the United States signal service. 

Old Public Functionary, President 
James Buchanan. 

Old South, the, a famous church 
in Boston, Mass., connected with 
many events in the Revolution. 

Orangeman, a Protestant Irishman; 
from the Protestants espousing the 
cause of William of Orange (William 
III. of England). 

Orange Peel, Sir Robert Peel, from 
his anti-Catholic policy. 

Ordinance of 1787, passed in 1787; 
fixes the government of the North- 
west Territory of the United States. 

Orlando Furioso, an Italian epic 
poem by Ariosto. 

Ossian, son of Fingal, a Scotch 
bard. James McPherson published 
in 1760 "Ossian's Poem," which he 
pretended to have translated from 
Erse manuscripts. The work, how- 
ever, is McPherson's own, the pre- 
tended MSS. never having existed. 

Ostend Manifesto, issued during 



Pierce's administration by Buchan- 
an, Mason, and Soule, United States 
Ministers to England, France, and 
Spain respectively, declaring that 
Cuba must belong to the United 
States. 
ostracism, comes from the Greek 
ostrakon, an oyster shell. The 
Athenians expelled every dangerous 
public man against whom a sufficient 
number of votes (inscribed on 
oyster shells) could be cast. 



palimpsest, a parchment in which 

the original writing has been rubbed 

out, and a new writing substituted. 
Pall Mall (Pell Mell), a . street in 

London famous for its clubs, 
palladium, an object that insures 

protection. The Palladium of Troy 

was a statue of Pallas, believed to 

have fallen from Heaven. 
Pantheon, a circular building in 

Rome built in the time of Augustus; 

now a church called the Rotonda. 
Paradise Lost, Milton's great epic, 

treating of the fall of man. 
Paradise Regained, by Milton, 

treats of the temptation and triumph 

of Jesus. 
Paris of America, Cincinnati. 
Parthenon, a celebrated temple of 

Athena (Minerva) on the Acropolis, 

Athens; the noblest specimen of 

Doric architecture. 
Partington, Mrs., famed for her 

misuse of words. The invention of 

the American, B. P. Shillaber. 
pasquinade, a sarcastic political 

squib; so called from Pasquino, a 

sarcastic tailor. An 'antique statue 

opposite Pasquino's house in Rome 

is called Pasquino, and political 

squibs are affixed to it. 
Peeler, a policeman. So called from 

Sir Robert Peel, the founder of the 

Irish constabulary. 
Peninsular War, the war of the 

English against France in Spain 

and Portugal, 1808-1812. 
People's William, a nickname of 

William E. Gladstone. 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



Pere-la-Chaise, a famous cemetery 
near Paris. 

philippic, a severe invective; so 
called from the orations of Demos- 
thenes against Philip of Macedon. 

Philistine, narrow-minded person ; 
in common use in the German 
universities to designate tradesmen, 
etc. 

philosopher's stone, the, a substance 
for which the alchemists were always 
searching; it was to turn the other 
metals into gold. 

Pleiad, the French, seven 16th- 
century poets, viz.: Ronsard, Joach- 
im du Bellay, Remi-Beileau, Jodelle, 
Baif, Pontus de Thiard, Dorat. 

Plon Plon, a nickname of Prince 
Napoleon J. C. Bonaparte. 

Plumed Knight, the, nickname of 
J. G. Blaine, American statesman. 

Plymouth Rock, a rock at Plym- 
outh, Mass., where the Pilgrims are 
thought to have landed in 1620. 

Poet's Corner, a corner in Westmin- 
ster Abbey where Chaucer, Spenser, 
and other poets are buried. Poetical 
column of newspapers. 

Pons Asinorum (the bridge of asses};, 
the 5th proposition of the 1st book 
of Euclid's Geometry; difficult to 
dunces. 

Poor Richard, Benjamin Franklin. 

Porkopolis, the nickname of Cin- 
cinnati. 

Prater, the, the fashionable prom- 
enade of Vienna, Austria. 

phoenix, a fabulous bird, said to 
live 500 years, when it burns itself 
on a nest of spices, and renews its 
life 500 years more. 

Pied Piper of Hamelin, the; he 
was offered a reward to drive out 
the rats and mice from Hamelin in 
Westphalia; which he did by draw- 
ing them into the river by the sound 
of his pipe. ^ The authorities refus- 
ing to pay him the reward, he piped 
the children of the town into Kop- 
pelberg Hill, where 130 of them died. 

pigeon English, English, Chinese, and 
Portuguese mixed; used in business 
affairs in China. 

Pre-Raphaelites, a name given to the 




English school of artists, comprising 

Hunt, Millais, etc. 
Protestant Duke, the, the Duke 

of Monmouth, natural son of Charles 

II. of England. 
Puke, nickname of a Missourian. 
Pyramids, a number of remarkable 

ancient buildings in Egypt. The 

most famous are at Gheezeh. 



Quaker City, the, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Quaker Poet, the, John G. Whittier. 
Quartier Latin (the Latin Quarter), 

a region i n Paris south of the Seine, 

whose population consists largely 

of students. 
Queen of the Antilles, the island 

of Cuba. 



Railway King, the, George Hudson, 
an Englishman, who made an 
immense fortune out of railway 
speculations. 

Red Letter Day, a fortunate day. 
In old calendars the saints' days 
were marked by a red letter. 

Ranz des Vaches, the tunes played 
by the Swiss mountaineers on their 
horns while driving their cattle to 
pasture. 

Rebellion, the Great, the war 
between Charles I. of England and 
Parliament. 

Rebellion, War of the, the Civil 
War of the United States between 
the Southern and Northern States, 
1861-1865. 

red tape, official routine. Law papers 
are tied with red tape. 

Reign of Terror, the time in the 
French Revolution from the over- 
throw of the Girondists, May 31, 
1793, to the overthrow of Robes- 
pierre, July 27, 1794. 

Reynard the Fox, a beast epic of 
the 14th century. 

Rialto, the, a bridge over the Grand 
Canal, Venice. 

Rights, Declaration of, an instru- 
ment drawn up after the English 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 

Revolution of 1689, and accepted Caesar's province. When he crossed 
by William and Mary. It summar- he became an enemy of the Republic, 
izes the leading points of the English Rule Britannia, an English song the 
Constitution. Annual Parliaments, words of which are by Thompson, 
trial by jury, free elections, and the author of The Seasons, and the 
right of petition are secured. The music is by Dr. Arne. 
crown is not to keep a standing Rump Parliament, what was left of 
army or to levy taxes. Parliament in. 1648, after Cromwell 

roast, to rule the, to be at the head. * had imprisoned and driven out the 
Roast means council. (German rath.) others for refusing to condemn 

Robert the Devil (le Diable), first Charles I. 

Duke of Normandy; called the Devil Rye House Plot, a conspiracy in 
on account of his crimes. 1683 to assassinate Charles II. and 

Robin Goodfellow, a mischievous the Duke of York. The conspirators 
domestic spirit. met at Rye House Farm. 

Roland (A) for an Oliver, tit for 
tat. Roland and Oliver, two of S 

Charlemagne's peers, fought five 

days without gaining the slightest Sabbath day's journey, about one 
advantage over each other. mile. See Exodus xvi. 29. 

Romantic School, a term applied sack, to get the, to be discharged, 
to a number of German poets and When the Sultan wants to get rid 



painters in the beginning of the 
19th century. They aimed at a 
truly national German literature, 
independent of French influence. 
Romantic School, in France, the 



of one of his harem, he puts her 
in a sack, which is thrown into the 
Bosphorus. 
Sadducees, Jewish sect disbelieving 
the resurrection of the dead 



poets and dramatists, of whom Vic- sagas, Scandinavian books containing 



tor Hugo was the last survivor. 
They aimed at the natural in dis- 
tinction from the classical, i. e., con- 
ventional. 

Roscius, the British, David Gar- 
rick. 

Rough and Ready, General Zach- 
ary Taylor. 

round robin, petition with signa- 
tures in a circular form. 

Round Table, in the Arthurian 
legends, was made by Merlin; 
Arthur's 150 knights of the Round 
Table had seats at it. 

Roundheads, the Puritans, who wore 
short hair. 

Royal Martyr, the, Charles I. of 
England. 

Royal Society, the, a society for 



the Northern mythology. 
Sailor King, the, William IV., of 

England, entered the navy 1779. 
Saint Bartholomew, Massacre of, 

massacre of the French Huguenots, 

in the reign of Charles IX., on St. 

Bartholomew's Day, Aug. 24-25, 

1572. 
Saint Cloud, once a famous French 

palace near the Seine; destroyed in 

the Franco-Prussian war. 
Saint James, the Court of, the 

English Court; so called from the 

palace of St. James, formerly a 

royal residence in London. 
St. Mark's, the famous cathedral of 

Venice, Italy. 
Saint Paul's, the cathedral of Lon- 



don, designed by Wren, 
the advancement of natural science, Saint Peter's, the metropolitan 
founded at London in 1645. church of Rome; the most splendid 

Rozinante, the horse of Don Quixote; in the world. Area, 240,000 square 

hence a miserable nag. feet. 

Rubicon, to pass the, to take an Saint Sophia, a mosque in Con- 
irretrievable step. The Rubicon stantinople, Turkey; the finest of 
separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, Mohammedan temples. 

870 






Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



Saint Stephen's, a famous Gothic 
cathedral at Vienna, Austria. 

Salt River, oblivion, ruin. Gone up 
Salt River: forgotten. 

Sambo, a general nickname for a 
colored man; the colored race. 

sanctum, (holy.) One's private 
room or office, as an editor's sanc- 
tum. The Sanctum Sanctorum (holy 
of holies) in the Jewish Temple was 
inaccessible to any one but the high 
priest. 

sandwich, a piece of meat between 
two pieces of bread. The English 
Earl of Sandwich used to take that 
form of refreshment. 

sang bleu (blue blood), high aristo- 
cratic descent. 

Sanhedrim, the Jewish rourt of 
seventy elders. 

sans culottes (without trousers), a 
nickname given by the Royalists to 
the French Revolutionists. 

Sans Souci, palace of Frederick the 
Great, at Potsdam, near Berlin. 

Santa Croce (holy cross), a church 
in Florence, Italy; the burial-place 
of Michelangelo, Galileo, Machia- 
velli, etc. 

Satanic School, a name sometimes 
applied to some modern writers, 
supposed to entertain irreligious 
ideas, such as Byron, Shelley, Victor 
Hugo, Swinburne, Rousseau, George 
Sand. 

Saturnalia, a period of disorder and 
debauch. The Romans kept the 
Saturnalia, or feast of Saturn, X>ec. 
17, 18, and 19. 

Schoolmen, the mediaeval theolo- 
gians, whose lectures were delivered 
in the cathedral schools. 

Scotland Yard, the headquarters of 
the London police. 

Scourge of God, the, Attila, king 
of the Huns. 

Scratch, Old, the Devil; from Scrat, 
a Northern familiar demon. 

Scylla. Avoiding Scylla, he fell into 
Charybdis. In trying to avoid one 
danger he fell into another. Scylla 
and Charybdis were two opposite 
rocks in the Straits of Messina, 
Italy. 



Sea-girt Isle, the, England, which 
is surrounded by the ocean. 

Secessia, nickname of the seceding 
Southern States, 1861-1865. 

Secular games, the games held by 
the Romans once in a century. 

Seltzer water, water from the Lower 
Selters, Germany. 

Semiramis of the North, Catherine 
II* Empress of Russia. 

September Massacres, the mas- 
sacre of the French Royalist pris- 
oners in Paris, Sept. 2, 3., and 4, 
1792. About 8,000 were 4rilled. 

septuagint, a Greek version of the 
Old Testament; so called because 
there were 70 (septuaginta) re- 
visers. (There were really 72.) 

Seven-hilled City, the, Rome, 
which was built on seven hills. 

Seven Wonders of the World, the 
Pyramids of Egypt; the Temple 
of Diana at Ephesus; the Hanging 
Gardens of Babylon; the Colossus 
at Rhodes; the Mausoleum at Hali- 
carnassus; the statue of Zeus, by 
Phidias, at Olympia; and the Pharos 
(lighthouse) of Alexandria in Egypt. 

Seven Years' War, the war of Fred- 
erick the Great ^ against Austria, 
France, and Russia, 1756-1763. 

Shamrock, the national emblem of 
Ireland, because St. Patrick proved 
with it the doctrine of the Trinity. 

Shibboleth, the password of a secret 
society; a countersign. When the 
Ephraimites, who had been routed 
by Jephthah, tried to pass the Jor- 
dan, they were made to pronouce the 
word Shibboleth; they pronounced it 
Sibboleth, and were thus detected. 

Sick Man, the, the Ottoman Em- 
pire; so called by the Czar Nicholas 
of Russia. 

sinews of war, the, money, which 
hires men to fight. 

Single-Speech Hamilton, W. G. 
Hamilton, an English statesman of 
the 18th century, never made but 
one speech; the one he did make was 
surprisingly eloquent. 

Six Hundred, Charge of the, a 
charge on the Russians by the Brit- 
ish light cavalry, 670 strong, at the 






871 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



battle of Balaclava, Oct. 25, 1854» Stonewall" Jackson, Gen. Thomas 
Result of a mistake as to orders. J. Jackson, " a famous Confederate 
See Tennyson's poem. general in the late Civil War of the 

Sleeping Beauty, the, was shut by United States. 

enchantment in a castle; after a Strassburg Cathedral, at Strassburg, 
sleep of 100 years, she is rescued by one of the noblest works of Gothic 



architecture; 468 ft. high; containing 
a wonderful clock. 
Swedish Nightingale, Jenny Lind 
(Mme. Goldschmidt). 



and marries a young prince. 

Smell of the Lamp, a too labored 
literary work. Pytheas first ap- 
plied the phrase to the orations of 
Demosthenes, who studied con- 
stantly in a cave lighted by a lamp. T 

Song of Roland, an old French epic 
recounting the deaths of Oliver and tabooed, prohibited; from a Poly- 
Roland at Roncesvalles. nesian word meaning consecrated, 

Sorbonne, the, a Parisian university devoted. Applied to anything out 
founded in the 13th century by ' of date or in bad taste. 
Robert de Sorbonne. Once famous Tammany Hall, a section of the 
for theological discussions. Democratic party in New York city; 

sortes Biblicae, telling one's fortune Tammany Hall is the building 
by consulting the Bible. The first where they meet, 
passage touched at random by the Tammany Ring (also called the 
finger is the decisive passage. Tweed Ring, and, generally, the 

South Kensington Museum, a Ring), a corrupt set of New York 
collection of works of art, manu- city officials who stole large sums 



factures, etc., in London. 
South Sea Bubble, the, about 
1710 a company was formed in 
England to pay the national debt, 
taking in return the sole privilege of 
trading in the South Seas. The 
scheme collapsed (about„ 1720), 
ruining thousands cf persons. 



from the city. They were exposed in 
1871. 
Tammany, St., the patron saint of 
the Democratic party in New York. 
He was an Indian chief; how made a 
saint, does not appear. The principal 
officer of the Tammany society is 
called Grand Sachem. 



Spanish Main, the Northern coast tapis, on the, on the carpet; pro- 
of South America. posed, in discussion. So called 

Sphinx, a monument near Cairo, from the tapis or cloth on the council 
Egypt; half woman, half lion; an table, or speaker's table, on which 
emblem of silence and mystery. motions, bills, etc., are laid. 

Stabat Mater, a famous Latin hymn Temple Bar, in London, was a stone 
on the Crucifixion. house above which the heads of 

Stalwart, a follower of the Republican traitors were formerly exposed. It 
party in the United States, who was removed in 1878. 
firmly adheres to the principles, termagant, a shrew; originally the 
methods and rules of his party. In name of a Saracen god. The word 
contradistinction to the ''Half- was formerly applied to both sexes. 
Breeds," applied to Republicans terra firma, dry land as distinguished 
unwilling to be dictated to by the from water. 

so-called "machine," meaning the tertium quid, a third person or 
political organization controlled by - party that shall be nameless, 
party leaders. Theatre Francais, a theatre in Paris 

Star Chamber, a former English devoted to the production of the 
civil and criminal court with juris- 
diction over offences whose punish- 
ment was not provided for by law. 

872 



classic and the best modern French 
drama. Celebrated for the excellence 
of its company of actors. 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



Theleme, Abbey of, the abbey trimmer, a person who takes a 



founded by Gargantua in Rabelais' 
Gargantua. Its motto was "Do as 
you please." 

Thirty Years' War, the, was be- 
tween the Catholics and Protestants, 
in Germany, 1618-1648. 

thistle, the national emblem of Scot 



moderate course in politics. First 
applied as a term of reproach to the 
great Halifax, who was not vio- 
lently attached to any political 
party. 
Trinity Church, a famous Epis- 
copal church on Broadway, at the 
land. According to tradition, the head of Wall Street, New York City. 
Danes were attempting to surprise The richest church in America, 
an encampment of the Scotch one Triple Alliance, the, the alliance 
night, and had come very near it of Great Britain, Holland, and 
without being observed. A Dane Sweden, in 1668, against Louis XIV 
trod on a thistle, cried out with of France; modern (1915) Germany, 
pain, and the Scotch were aroused, Austria, and Italy, 
and defeated their assailants, where- Triple Entente, modern alliance of 
upon the thistle was made the in- England, France, and Russia (1915). 

Trouveres, northern French poets, 

1100-1400. 
trumpet, to sound one's own, i. e., 
to boast. The coming of the knights 
into the list used to be announced 
by the heralds with a flourish of 
trumpets. 
tuft-hunter, a toady. At Oxford 
University a nobleman is called a 
tuft, because of the gold tuft on his 
college cap. 
Tuileries, a French royal palace, 
burned by the Commune in 1871. 



sigma of Scotland 

Thor, in Scandinavian mythology, is 
the god of war, son of Odin. 

Threadneedle Street, the Old 
Lady of, the Bank of England in 
Threadneedle Street, London. 

Three Estates of the Realm, the 
nobility, the clergy, and the com- 
monalty, represented in the two 
Houses of Parliament. 

Thunderer, the, a nickname given 
to the London Times. 

tick, on, on credit; for on ticket 



Ticket was formerly " used for a tulip mania, a 17th-century Euro- 



promissory note. 

tit for tat, an equivalent. Said to be 
the Dutch dit vor dat, this for that. 

Tom Thumb, the famous American 
dwarf, Stratton. 

Tory, the name of the great English 
party whose place is to a certain 
extent taken by the Conservatives. 
Said to come from toruigh, a robber. 
Whig and Tory were originally terms 
of reproach. 

Tour, the Grand, from England 
through France, Switzerland, Italy, 
to Germany and home. All aristo- 
cratic families used to send their 
sons on the grand tour. 

Tower ; the, the citadel of London, 
on the Thames. 

Transfiguration, the, the most 



pean craze for buying tulip bulbs. 
Holland was the great seat of it. 
tune that the old cow died of, 

words instead of alms. In the old 
song, a man who has nothing on 
which to feed his cow plays her 
this tune, "Consider, good cow, con- 
sider, this isn't the time for grass 
to grow." Also applied to inhar- 
monious tunes. 
Tyburn, once a London place of 
execution. The site is now occupied 
by Grosvenor Square and Portman 
Square, and called Tyburnia, a 
wealthy and fashionable quarter. 

U 



Uffizi, a building in Florence con- 
taining a celebrated art collection, 
famous of Raphael's pictures, now ultramontanes, the extreme "high" 
in the Vatican. Represents the Roman Catholics. The word, which 
miraculous change of Christ on the means "beyond the mountains," 
mount. was first used in France of those 

873 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



Catholics who ascribe everything 
to the Pope "beyond the Alps," in 
contradistinction to the Gallicans, 
who insist upon a self-governing 
national church. 

underground railroad, a phrase 
which expressed all the means used 
to further the escape of runaway 
slaves in America. 

under the rose (sub rosa), confiden- 
tially. The rose was considered by 
the ancients an emblem of secrecy. 

Unknown, the Great, first applied 
to Sir Walter Scott; so called on 
account of the anonymous publica- 
tion of the Waverley novels. 

unlicked cub, an awkward, ill-bred 
boy. The bear cub was said to be 
out of shape till its dam licked it 
into shape. 

unter den Linden (under the Lin- 
den), a famous street in Berlin, 
Prussia; it has four rows of lime 
trees. 

unwashed, the great, the mob; 
first used by Edmund Burke. 

upas tree, an object that exerts a 
hurtful influence. There was a 
tradition that a noisome river rose 
in a upas tree in Java, the vapor of 
which was a deadly poison. 

upper ten thousand, the aristoc- 
racy; fashionable society. A phrase 
first used by N. P. Willis. 

utilitarians, those who believe that 
utility, i. e., the fitness of a thing 
to promote human happiness, is the 
proper standard of morality. 

Utopia (no place), the imaginary 
island which Sir Thomas More 
makes the scene of his romance of 
Utopia, an ideal commonwealth. 
Hence the adjective Utopian, i. e., 
visionary, impracticable. 



Valhalla, in Scandinavian mythol- 
ogy, the palace where dwell .the 
heroes slain in battle. 

vampire, an extortioner. The vampire 
is a dead man who returns to life 
in the night, and sucks the blood 
of persons asleep. 



Vatican, the palace of the Popes* 

on the bank of the Tiber, Rome. 
Vatican, Council of the, the 

Ecumenical Council which met in 
1869, and promulgated the doctrine 
of Papal Infallibility. 

Vedas, the four sacred books of 
the Hindu religion. 

veni, vidi, vici ("I came, I saw, 
I conquered"), the phrase with which 
Julius Caesar announced his victory 
at Zela. 

Venus de Medici, a celebrated 
Greek statue at Florence; attrib- 
uted to Cleomenes, a sculptor of the 
2nd century B. C. 

Venus of Milo, considered the most 
beautiful of Greek statues; found 
in the Island of Melos in 1820. It 
is now in the Louvre. 

verbum sap, a word to the wise; 
for verbum sapienti. 

Veronica, a relic at St. Peter's, 
Rome, said to be the handkerchief 
on which Jesus wiped his brow on 
his way to Calvary. It is said to 
contain the true likeness (vera 
icon) of our Saviour. 

Versailles, a splendid palace at 
Versailles, 10 miles from Paris. 

Vespers, the Sicilian, the mas- 
sacre of the French in Sicily by the 
Sicilians, March 30, 1282. The 
sounding of the vesper bell was the 
signal for the massacre. 

Via Dolorosa (the way of pain), 
the way by which the Lord went 
from the Mount of Olives to Gol- 
gotha. 

Vinegar Bible, the, printed at Ox- 
ford, 1767, has vinegar for vineyard 
in the headline of Luke xxii. 

Virgin Queen, the, Queen Eliza- 
beth of England. 

Vitus, St. St. Vitus' dance is so 
called because St. Vitus was thought 
to have control of hysterical com- 
plaints. 



W 



Wabash Avenue, a street in Chicago, 

noted for fine buildings. 
Wall of China, the, a wall 1,200 



874 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 

miles long and 20 feet high, built sippi River (said to be a translation 

by the Chinese in the 3d century of the Indian name). 

B. C. as a protection against th*e Watling Street, a road across 

Tartar invasions. Southern Britain from Dover to 

Wall Street, the great financial Cardigan; a corruption of Vitellina 

street of New York. Most of the Strata, "the street of Vitellin." The 

bankers and brokers are on this Milky Way was called Watling 

street or in its vicinity. Street by the English peasantry. 

Wallack's, a famous New York Ways and Means, Committee of 

theatre, conducted by J. Lester Wal- the, a most important Committee 

lack. of the American House of Repre- 

Walton, an Izaak, an angler. Izaak sentatives, charged with devising the 

Walton published his Compleat methods by which money for the 

Angler in 1655. current expenses of the Government 

Wandering Jew, the, a famous is to be supplied. 

personage in mediaeval legend. Our wedding, the first anniversary of 

Saviour, wearied with carrying his a wedding is called a paper wed- 

cross, is said to have stopped before ding, the gifts being paper articles; 

the house of one Ahasuerus, a cob- the fifth, wooden; the tenth, tin; 

bier, who pushed him off, saying, the fifteenth, crystal; twenty-fifth, 

"Away with you." Jesus answered, silver; fiftieth, golden; seventy-fifth, 

"I go away, but thou shalt tarry diamond. 

till I come." Ahasuerus wandered Well of St. Keyne, a well in Corn- 
over the world, seeking death, but wall whose virtue is such that who- 
condemned to live till the coming ever of a married couple first tastes 
of our Lord. The Wandering Jew its waters will "wear the breeches" 
was seen from time to time in Eu- in the household 
rope. His last recorded appearance Westminster Abbey, the cele- 
M r as late in the 18th century, in brated abbey-church of London, 
Belgium. According to another where many of the illustrious dead 
legend, the Wandering Jew's name of England are buried, 
was Kartophilus, the doorkeeper of Wetherell, Elizabeth, pseudonym of 
the Hall of Judgment. He struck the American novelist, Miss Susan 
our Saviour, telling him to go faster. Warner, author of The Wide, Wide 

War of 1812, between Great Brit- World. 

ain and the United States, 1812-15. Whig, once the name of great polit- 

War of the Roses, the English ical parties in England and the 
civil wars, between the houses of L T nited States. The term is said to 
York and Lancaster, in the 14th and come from Whiggamore, a Scotch 
loth centuries. The red rose was (Celtic) word for a thief, a free- 
the symbol of Lancaster, the white booter. The Marquis of Argyle col- 
rose of York. See Shakespeare's lected a troop of these thieves to 
I. Henry VI. II. 4. oppose some measures of James I., 

Ward, Artemus, pseudonym of the and finally the epithet Whig was ap- 
American humorist, C. F. Browne. plied to all opponents of the Gov- 
Washington Street, the principal ernment. The Whigs at the Eng- 
business street of Boston, Mass. Ush Revolution opposed the govern- 

Wassail, an old Saxon salutation, ment of James II. The Whig party 

"What hail!" The wassail bowl in America favored a protective 

is the bowl of spiced ale used on tariff, and a United States bank. 

New Year's Day. Gen. Scott was their last candidate 

wat, a hare, from his wattles, i. e., for President (1852). 

long ears. . whistle, To pay too dearly for the 

Waters, the Father of, the Missis- whistle. Dr. Franklin tells a story 

875 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 



of buying a whistle, when a boy, 
for four times its value. Hence, 
something which does not equal our 
expectations, though costly. 

white elephant, something you 
don't know what to do with. The 
king of Siam sends a white elephant 
to a courtier whose fortune he 
wishes to destroy. 

white feather, to show the, to dis- 
play cowardice. A white feather 
in a bird marks a cross breed, and 
is not found on a game-cock. 

White House, the residence of, the 
President of the United States at 
Washington; so called from its 
color. 

white stone. A day to be marked 
with a white stone is a day to be 
pleasantly remembered. The ancient 
Romans marked a lucky day on the 
calendar with a white stone; an un- 
lucky day with charcoal. 

Whiteboys, a secret organization 
who engaged in "agrarian outrages" 
in Ireland in 1789; so called from 
wearing white shirts. 

Whitehall, a region in Westmin- 
ster, London, where the royal palace 
formerly stood. 

Wild Huntsman, the, in German 
legend a spectral huntsman in the 
Black Forest. The English name 
is "Heme the Hunter." 

windmills, to fight with, to op- 
pose imaginary objects; to fight 
with crochets. The phrase comes 
from Don Quixote's adventures in 
assailing windmills, which he mis- 
took for giants. 

Windsor Castle, famous royal 
castle and residence near London. 

Wise Men of the East, the, the 
three Magi who were guided by the 
star of Bethlehem to our Saviour's 
birthplace. 

Witch of Endor, the, a sooth- 
sayer, who at the request of Saul, 
invoked the ghost of Samuel, who 
foretold the death of Saul. 

witch-hazel, a forked hazel twig 
used for finding witches; still in use 
to rind a suitable place for digging 
a well. 6& fo 



Witches' Sabbath, the nightly 
meeting of witches and demons. 

Wooden Horse, the, after the 
death of Hector, the Greeks besieg- 
ing Troy built a gigantic wooden 
horse, pretending that it was an 
offering to the-gods to insure a safe 
return to Greece. The horse was 
filled with Greek warriors; the 
Trojans dragged it into the city, 
and at night the Greeks came out 
of the horse, opened the city gates 
to their companions and sacked the 
town. 

woolsack, to sit on the, to t 
Lord Chancellor of England. H 
seat in the House of Lords is calLe 
the woolsack, an armless, backlej 
bag of wool. 

Wyoming Massacre, a band of 
British and Indians ravaged the val- 
ley of Wyoming in 1778. 



Xanthos, the horse of Achilles in 

the Trojan war; like Balaam's ass, 

prophetic. 
Xantippe, a shrew. She was the 

wife of Socrates, and an intolerable 

scold. 



yahoo, a rowdy; a brutal, ill-bred 

man. The Yahoos in Swift's Gulli- j 
ver's Travels are brutes with the | 
shapes of men. 

Yankee, an American. The word 
is used in America itself as a nick- 
name of persons born in the New- 
England States. The usual account 
of the introduction of the word is 
this: Jonathan Hastings, a Cam- 
bridge, Mass., farmer, in the 18th 
century, used it as an epithet de- 
noting excellence, as "Yankee cider," 
i. e. good, home-made cider. The 
word was taken up by the students 
of Harvard College, and gradually 
spread through the country. This 
is doubtful. The word is probably 
a corrupted Indian form of English, 

Yankee Doodle, an American na J 
tional air. 



876 



Dictionary of Everyday Allusions 

Yarmouth bloater, a red herring. Yosemite Valley, in California, 

Yarmouth, England, is noted for famous for its natural scenery; ajso 

them. a well-known picture by the Amer- 

Yellow Book, a collection of diplo- ican artist, Bierstadt. 

matic correspondence with various Yule, Christmas. The "turn" of 

interested nations, embodying nego- the sun at the winter solstice, 

tiations concerning causes leading Yule-log, an immense log of wood 

to the European war of 1914-15, put across the fire on the hearth at 

issued by the French government. Christmas. 
The Belgian government issued a 

Gray Paper of similar import; the y 
British government, a White Paper ; 
the German government, a White 

Book; and the Russian government Zend Avesta, the old Persian scrip- 

an Orange Book. Under various tures. It is written in the Zend 

names the Bulgarian, Servian and language. Avesta means "the liv- 

Turkish governments also issued ing word." 

formal statements of their views zodiac, an imaginary belt in the 

on the conditions. heavens, divided into 12 equal parts 

yellow jack, a cant term for the of 30 degrees each, with a sign for 

yellor fever. The yellow jack is each part. The six signs north of 

the flag over vessels in quarantine, the equator are: Aries, "the ram"; 

marine hospitals, etc. Faurus, "the bull"; Gemini, "the 

Yggdrasil, in Scandinavian mythol- twins"; Cancer, "the crab"; Leo, 

ogy, an ash-tree, whose roots run "the lion"; Virgo, "the virgin." 

to heaven, to the under-world, and The six signs south of the equator 

to the Frost Giants. The serpent are: Libra, "the balance"; Scorpio, 

Nithhoggr gnaws its roots. "the scorpion"; Sagittarius, "the 

Young America, American boys archer"; Capricornus, "the goat"; 

and girls; the younger generation, Aquarius, "the water-carrier" ; and 

supposed to be very irreverent. Pisces, "the fishes." The first six 

Young Chevalier, Charles Edward are summer signs, the next three 

Stuart, the second or young Pre- autumn signs, the last three winter 

tender to the throne of Great Brit- signs. 

ain (1720-88). . Zollverein, a commercial associa- 

Young Germany, the literary school tion between the German states to 

of Heinrich Heine, and his followers. maintain the same tariff rates. 



877 



DICTIONARY OF FOOTBALL 



advance, distance gained by a ball 
through kicking or running. 



backward pass, a pass or throw of 
the ball in any direction excepting 
toward the opponents' goal. 

ball, oval-shaped, inflated rubber, 
covered with leather, measuring 
28 }/2 and 23 inches on circumference 
of extreme axes, and weighing about 
15 ounces. 

batting the ball, any player on 



cross-bar, the strip of wood attached 
to the top of the two goal posts. 



dead ball, when the holder or the 
referee has cried "down"; when • a 
goal has been gained; when the ball 
has gone into touch or touch-in- 
goal, excepting for a punt-out; when 
a touchdown has been made; where 
a fair catch has been heeled; and 
where for any other reason the ball 
is out of play. 

defense, the play of the side oppos- 
ing the side with the ball. 



either side may bat or strike with his A ^ ^ C-t fnT'i a a. 

hand or fist a fly ball in any dl rec- ^^t^oAi^i f^a $ 



any 
tion, excepting toward his opponent's 
goal, to keep an opponent from get- 
ting it. 

block, to interfere with or obstruct 
the movement of an opponent. 

blocked kick, a ball so lacked that 
it strikes an opponent before crossing 
the scrimmage line. 

break through, to force a passage 
through an opposing line. 

buck, to dash against or break 
through a scrimmage line with the 
ball. 



captain, the leader of a team or side. 



catch; must be kicked a distance of 
at least 10 yards toward the op- 
ponents' goal line. 

down, when a referee blows his 
whistle or declares a ball dead. 

drop-kick, a kick the instant the 
ball rises after the player has dropped 
it from his hands. 



eleven, a full team. 

end, the player at each end of the 

forward line. 
end lines, lines marked on the field 

at each end. 



center, the player on the center of end zones, the space between the 

the forward line who snaps the ball goal, end, and side lines. 

back between his feet for a kick, 

putting the ball into play. F 

cleats, small-knobs on soles of shoes 

to prevent slipping. fair catch, catching a ball kicked by 

coach, a director or instructor of a an opponent before it alights, or 

team or side. catching a punt-out. 

consecutive, a continuous possession field, level tract of ground or lawn, 

of the ball by a side. 360 feet long by 160 feet wide. 

crawling, an attempt by a runner field of play, the space between the 

to carry a dead ball forward; pro- goal lines and end lines. 

hlblted - fly-ball, a ball kicked high in the air. 

878 



Dictionary of Football 



forward line, seven players, viz. the 
center, two ends, two guards and 
two tackles. 

forward pass, a pass or throw of the 
ball from a point at least 5 yards 
back of the scrimmage line. 

foul, a violation of a rule. 

free kick, any kick when the rules 
restrain the opponents from ad- 
vancing beyond a certain point be- 
fore the ball is put into play. 

full-back, a player on the last line 
who co-operates with the half-backs. 



goal, two upright posts, at least 20 
feet in height and 18| feet apart, 
with a cross-bar 10 feet above the 
ground, erected in the center of 
each end goal line. 

goal from field, where a ball is 
kicked in any way excepting a punt, 
from the field of play over the cross- 
bar of the opponents' goal, but with- 
out touching the ground or any 
player after the kick. 

goal from touchdown, where the 
ball is kicked from the field over the 
cross-bar of the opponents' goal 
without touching the ground. 

goal lines, lines marked on the field 
10 yards from and parallel to the 
end lines. 

gridiron, popular name of the field 
of play. 

guard, the player on each side of the 
center. 



H 



half-backs, two players in rear of the 
quarter-back, who do most of the 
running with the ball. 

head coach, the chief coach. 

hurdling, in general, jumping or at- 
tempting to jump over an opponent 
still on his feet; prohibited. 



body so as to prevent opponents 
from tackling. 
interlocked interference, where the 
players of the side having the ball 
grasp one another or form a mass of 
men so as to keep off tacklers; pro- 
hibited. 



kick-off, a place-kick at the begin- 
ning of a game and after any score 
excepting a safety. 

kick-out, a place-kick by a player of 
the side which has touched the ball 
down in their own goal, or into 
whose touch-in-goal the ball has 



gone. 
kneeing, 



the same as striking. 



line coach, the instructor for the 
forward line. 

line of scrimmage, an actual or 
imaginary fine for each side, parallel 
to the goal lines, and about 12 
inches apart. 

linesman, an official who marks the 
distances gained or lost, remains on 
or near one of the side lines during 
the game, has two assistants who 
are stationed outside of the field of 
play, and acts as an assistant to the 
referee and umpire. 

loose-ball, a ball on the ground out 
of possession of either side; kicking 
it or at it prohibited. 

M 

mark of the catch, indication where 
a fair catch has been made. 

mark of the line, indication where 
the side or goal line has been crossed. 

measuring the position of a dead 
ball, when a ball has been declared 
dead its position must be measured 
from its forward point; rotating it 
prohibited. 

muff, the failure to catch a ball. 



N 



interference, any one of several au- 
thorized means by which a player neutral zone, the space between the 
holding the ball may interpose his scrimmage lines; about 12 inches. 

879 



Dictionary of Football 



officials of the game, the referee, 
umpire and linesman. 

out of bounds, when the ball or the 
player holding it touches the ground 
beyond the side line or its extension. 



passing, the reception of the ball 
from the snap-back by the quarter- 
back and its delivery by him to 
another player. 

periods, the four parts into which the 
game is divided; 15 minutes each. 

piling-up, players jumping or throw- 
ing themselves on a prostrate player 
after the ball has been declared dead; 
prohibited. 

place-kick, a kick after the ball has 
been placed on the ground. 

punt-kick, a kick before a dropped 
ball touches the ground. 

punt-out, a punt-kick by a player 
on the side that has made a touch- 
down toward another player on his 
own side to enable the latter to 
make a fair catch. 

putting the ball in play, restoring a 
dead ball for play. 



quarter-back, the player immedi" 
ately back of the center, who receives 
the ball and endeavors to place it in 
the hands of a third man before an 
advance can be made. 



referee, the official whose decisions 
on all questions are final; superior 
on occasions to the umpire. 

restraining line, the line on or be- 
hind which players of the side must 
stand when free kicks are made. 

run-in, when a player, excepting in 
a scrimmage, picks up a rolling or 
bounding ball and succeeds in run- 
ning with it till he gets behind his 
opponents' goal-line, and there 
touches it down. 

running-in, interference with a 
player kicking the ball by opponents 



running into or otherwise roughly 
treating him; prohibited. 



safety, when the ball in possession of 
a player guarding his own goal is 
declared dead; when a player on the 
side in possession of the ball makes 
a forward pass which becomes in- 
completed behind his goal line or 
commits a foul that would give the 
ball to the opponents behind the 
offender's goal line; when a player 
kicks the ball behind his goal line 
and it crosses the extension of 
either side line. 

scoring, points in a game and their 
values, viz., touchdown, 6 points; 
goal from touchdown, 1 point; goal 
from, the field, 3 points; safety by 
opponents, 2 points; a forfeited 
game, 1 to in favor of the offended 
side. 

scrimmage, when the holder of the 
ball, being in the field of play, puts 
it down in front of him, and all 
playere who have closed around 
on their respective sides endeavor 
to push their opponents back, and, 
by kicking the ball, to drive it in the 
direction of the opposite goal-line; 
the scrimmage ends when the ball is 
in touch or goal. 

scrub, a team picked up at random 
for practice; also the team playing 
against the one with the ball. 

side, the same as team. 

side lines, lines marked on the field 
at each side. 

snapper-back, in a scrimmage, the 
player who puts the ball into play. 

snapping the ball, in a scrimmage, 
sending the ball back from its posi- 
tion on the ground by a quick mo- 
tion of the hand or hands. 

striking, striking of a player with 
the fist, elbow, or knee of another; 
prohibited. 



tackle, the player next to each guard, 
who in defensive play breaks through 
the opposing line to seize the player 



Dictionary of Football 



having the ball; also the holding by- 
one or more players of the opposite 
side of the player who has the ball. 

tackling, interference with a player 
by an opposing player. Under the 
rules a player when tackling must 
have at least one foot on the ground . 
Tackling below the knee is prohib- 
ited except by players on the defen- 
sive line of scrimmage, and then 
only by the two players on the ends 
of the line. 

take the man, to support a player 
of one's own side who is about to 
kick the ball by charging an oppo- 
nent who is coming up to kick it. 

taken over, when a player kicks, 
passes, or knocks the ball across his 
own goal line and there makes it 
dead. 

team, eleven players and the sub- 
stitutes. 

time of game, in general, 60 minutes, 
4 periods of 15 minutes each. 

touch, when a ball crosses the touch- 
line, or when the holder puts a part 
of either foot across the touch-line; 
also the space at the sides of a field 
of play, separated from it by the 
touch-lines. 

touchback, when a ball in posses- 
sion of a player guarding his own 
goal is declared dead by a referee 
after being sent to or across the line 
by an opponent. 

touchdown, when a ball in posses- 
sion of "a player is declared dead by 
a referee, any part of it being on, 
above, or behind the opponents' 



goal-line; also when a player puts 
his hand -on the ball while on the 
ground in touch or in goal, and 
stops it so that it remains dead or 
nearly so. 

tripping, where one player trips 
another below the knee; prohibited. 

try, gained when one of the attacking 
side grounds the ball over his oppo- 
nent's goal line. 

try at goal, a place-kick by one of 
the side that has made a touchdown. 



U 



umpire, the first judge of the play, 
who sees that the rules are observed, 
and decides disputes, subject to ap- 
peal to the referee. 



volley, to kick the ball before it 
bounces. 



W 



wheeling the scrimmage, when the 
forwards of one side, in possession 
of the ball, pass to their left or right 
front with it, leaving their oppo- 
nents on one side. 

wing forward, a forward who goes 
late into the scrimmage and applies 
himself rather to breaking away 
and the interception of bases than 
to hand-shoving in the pack. Also 
one of the pairs of forwards on either 
side of the center. 



/t Die. 68 



881 



DICTIONARY OF FOREIGN WORDS AND 
PHRASES 



Note: L., Latin; Fr., French; Ger., German; It., Italian; Sp., Spanish; Gr., Greek. 

A ad eundem (sc. gradum) [L.], to 

abas [Fr.], down; at the foot; upon the same oW™e. 

the ground. ad finem [L ], to the end. 

a la Francaise [Fr.], after the French ad hominem ij^.j, to the man; that 

mode. is, to his interests and passions. 

a la mode [Fr.], in fashion. ad infinitum [L.], to infinity. 

a l'Anglaise [Fr.], after the English ad interim [L.], in the meanwhile. 

fashion. ad libitum [L.j, at pleasure. 

a l'outrance [Fr.], to the utmost. ad nauseam [L.l, to disgust. 
a plomb [Fr.], perpendicularly. ad utrumque paratus [L.], pre- 

a propos [Fr.], to the point. pared for either event. 

a propos de bottes [Fr.], apropos to ad valorem [L.], according to the 

boots; without reason. value. 

a fortiori [L.], with stronger reason, adscriptus glebae [L.J, belonging or 
a mansa et thoro [L.l, from bed attached to the soil. 

and board. aequam servare mentem [L.], to 

a posteriori [L.], from the effect to preserve an equable mind. 

the cause. aequo animo [L.], with an equable 

a priori [L.], from the cause to the mind; with equanimity. 

effect. aetatis suae [L.j, of his (or her) age. 

a vinculo matrimonii [L.], from affaire d'amour [Fr.], a love affair. 

the tie of marriage. affaire du coeur [Fr.], an affair of 

ab extra [L.], from without. the heart. 

ab initio [L.l, from the beginning. agenda [L.], things to be done. 
ab intra [L.], from within. alere flammam [L.], to feed the 

ab ovo usque ad mala [L.], from flame. 

the egg to the apples; from begin- alis volat propriis [L.], she flies 

ning to end. with her own wings; the motto of 

ab uno disce omnes [L.], from one Oregon. 

learn all; from a single instance in- allons [Fr.], let us go; come. 

fer the whole. alma mater [L.], a fostering mother. 

absente reo [L.], the defendant be- alter ego [L.], another self. 

ing absent. alter idem [L.], another precisely 

abusus non tollit usum [L.], abuse similar. 

is not an argument against proper amende honorable [Fr.], satisfactory 

use. apology; reparation. 

ad astra [L.], to the stars, or to an amicus curiae [L.], a friend of the 

exalted state. court. 

ad Calendas Graecas [L.], at the amour propre [Fr.], self-love; vanity. 

Greek Calends; i. e., never, as the ancien regime [Fr.], ancient j^rder 

Greeks had no Calends. of things. 

ad captandum vulgus [L.], to anglice [L.], according to the Eng- 

catch the rabble. lish manner. 



V 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 



anno aetatis suae [L.], in the year of 
his (or her) age. 

anno Christi [L.], in the year of 
Christ, 

anno Domini [L.j, in the year of our 
Lord. 

anno mundi [L.], in the year of the 
world. 

anno urbis conditee [L.], in the 
year the city (Rome) was built. 

ante bellum [L.j, before the war. 

ante meridiem [L.], before noon. 

appui [Fr.], point of support. 

aqua vitae [L.], brandy; spirit; 
alcohol. 

arbiter elegantiarum [L.], an um- 
pire in matters of taste. 

argumentum ad hominem [L.], 
an argument deriving its force from 
the situation of the person to whom 
it h addressed. 

argumentum ad ignorantiam [L.], 
an argument founded on an adver- 
sary's ignorance of facts. 

argumentum ad verecundiam [L.], 
an argument to modesty. 

arriere pensee [Fr.], a mental reser- 
vation. 

au contraire [Fr.], on the contrary. 

au fait [Fr.], well instructed. 

au reste [Fr.], as for the rest. 

au revoir [Fr.], adieu until we meet 
again. 

audi alteram partem [L.], hear the 
other side. 

auri sacra fames [L.], the accursed 
thirst for gold. 

aut vincere aut mori [L.], either to 
conquer or to die. 

aux armes [Fr.], to arms. 

B 

bas-bleu [Fr.], a bluestocking. 
beau monde [Fr.], the fashionable 

world. 
beaux esprits [Fr.], gay spirits; men 

of wit. 
beaux yeux [Fr.], handsome eyes; 

that is, attractive looks. 
bel esprit [Fr.], a brilliant mind. 
ben trovato [It.], well found; a 

happy invention. 
bete noir [Fr.], a black beast; a 

bugbear. 



bienseance [Fr.], civility; decorum. 
billet d'amour / rT7 , , , i , , 
billet doux J I Fr ^ a love-letter. 

bizarre [Fr.], odd; fantastic. 

blase [Fr.], pallid; surfeited; ren- 
dered incapable of eontinued enjoy- 
ment. 

bona fide [L ], in good faith. 

bon gre mal gre [Fr.], willing or 
unwilling. 

bon jour [L.], good day; good 
morning. 

bon soir [L.], good evening. 

bonhomie [Fr.], good-natured sim- 
plicity. 

boulevard [Fr.], a public walk or 
street occupying the site of de- 
molished fortifications. 

bouleversement [Fr.], overturning; 
subversion. 

bourgeois [Fr.], a man of middle 
rank in society. 

bourgeoisie [Fr.], middle classes of 
society; traders. 

brevet d'invention [Fr.], a patent. 

brochure [Fr.], a pamphlet. 

brusque [Fr.], rude; blunt. 

brutum fulmen [L.], a harmless 
thunderbolt. 



cacoethes [L.], an evil habit. 

cacoethes loquendi [L.] a rage for 
speaking. 

cacoethes scribendi [L.J,. an itch 
for scribbling. 

caetera desunt [L.], the remainder 
is wanting. 

caetera paribus [L.], other things 
being equal. 

cafe [Fr.], a coffee-house. 

caleche [Fr.], a half -coach or calash. 

calembour [Fr.], a pun. 

canaille [Fr.], the rabble. 

canta trice [It.], a female profes- 
sional singer. 

capias ad respondendum [L.], you 
may take to answer; — a writ for 
taking and keeping the defendant to 
answer the plaintiff in the action. 

capias ad satisfaciendum [L.], you 
may take to satisfy; — a writ for 
taking and keeping the party named 



883 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 



until he gives satisfaction to the 

party by whom it is issued. 
captatio benevolentia? [L.], a cur- 
rying favor. 
caput mortuum [L.J, the worthless 

remains. 
carpe diem [L.], enjoy the present 

day. 
casus belli [L.], that which involves 

or justifies war. 
catalogue raisonne [Fr.], a catalogue 

of books arranged according to their 

subjects. 
caveat emptor [L.], let the buyer 

beware. 
c'est a dire [Fr.], that is to say. 
champs Elysees [Fr.], Elysian Fields. 
chanson [Fr.], a song. 
chapeau bas [Fr.], hats off. 
chapeaubras [Fr.], a military cocked 

hat. 
charge d'affaires [Fr.], an inferior 

diplomatic representative at a foreign 

court. 
charivari [Fr.], a mock serenade of 

discordant music. 
chateaux en Espagne [Fr.], castles 

in Spain, the land of romance; 

castles in the air. 
chef-d'oeuvre [Fr.], a masterpiece. 
chere amie [Fr.], a dear friend; a 

mistress. 
chevalier d'industrie [Fr.], a knight 

of industry; one who lives by 

persevering fraud. 
chronique scandaleuse [Fr.], a 

chronicle of vices and crimes. 
ci-devant [Fr.], formerly; former. 
circa, or circiter [L.], about. 
cito maturum, cito putridum [L.], 

soon ripe, soon rotten. 
citoyen [Fr.], a citizen; a burgher. 
civilitas successit barbarum [L.], 

civilization succeeds barbarism; — the 

motto of Minnesota when a territory. 
coiffeur [Fr.], a hair-dresser. 
comme il faut [Fr.], as it should be. 
compos mentis [L.], of a sound mind. 
compte rendu [Fr.], account ren- 
dered; report. 
con amore [It.], with love; earnestly. 
concio ad clerum [L.], a discourse to 

the clergy. 
confrere [Fr.], a brother; an associate. 



conge d'elire [Fr.], a leave to elect. 
contretemps [Fr.], an awkward mis- 
hap or accident. 
conversazione [It.], a meeting of 

company for conversation. 
coram nobis [L.], before us. 
coram non judice [L.J, before one 

who is not the proper judge. 
cordon sanitaire [Fr.], a line of 

troops to prevent the spreading of 

pestilence. 
corps de garde [Fr.], a body of men 

who watch in a guard-room; the 

guard-room itself. 
corps de garde diplomatique [Fr.], 

a diplomatic body. 
corpus delicti [L ], the substance or 

foundation of the offense. 
corrigenda [L.], typographical errors 

to be corrected. 
couleur de rose [Fr.], rose color; an - 

aspect of attractiveness. 
coup d'etat [Fr.], a stroke of policy 

in public affairs. 
coup de grace [Fr.], a finishing stroke. 
coup de main [Fr.], a sudden enter- 
prise or effort. 
coup de soleil [Fr.], a stroke of the 

sun. 
coute qu'il coute [Fr.], let it cost 

what it may. 
crede quod habes, et habes [L.], 

believe that you have it, and you 
. have it. 
crescite, et multiplicamini [L.], 

grow, or increase, and multiply; — 

the motto of Maryland. 
crevasse [Fr.], a deep crevice; a 

breach. 
crimen falsi [L.], falsehood; perjury. 
crimen laesae majestatis [L.], high 

treason. 
crux criticorum [L.J,- the puzzle of 

critics. 
cui bono? [L.J, for whose benefit? 

Colloquially, but erroneously, of 

what use? 
cuisine [Fr.J, a kitchen; cookery. 
cum grano salis [L.J, with a grain of 

salt; with some allowance. 
cum privilegio [L.], with privilege. 
curiosafelicitas [L.j, a f elicitous tact. 
currente calamo [L.J, with a running 

or rapid pen. 



884 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 



custos rotulorum [L.], keeper of the disjecta membra [L.], scattered 



rolls. 



limbs or remains. 

distingue [Fr.], distinguished; emi- 
nent. 

distrait [Fr.], absent in thought. 

divide et impera [L.], divide and rule. 

dolce [It.], soft, — used in music. 

dolce far niente [It.], sweet doing- 
nothing; sweet idleness. 

the Lord be 



dal segno [It.], repeat from the sign. 
de bonis non [L.], of the goods not 

yet administered on. 
de facto [L.j, from the fact; really. 
de gustibus non est disputandum Dominus vobiscum [L 

[L.], there is no disputing about with you. 

tastes. double entente 

de jure [L.], from the law; by right. 
de mortuis nil nisi bonum [L.], 

say nothing but good of the dead. 
de nihilo nihil fit [L.], of nothing 

nothing is made. 
de novo [L.], anew. 
de profundis [L.], out of the depths 
detrop [Fr.], 

not wanted. 



double mean- 



[Fr.] 5 

ing; a play on words. 
douceur [Fr.], sweetness; a bribe. 
dramatis persona? [L.], characters 

represented in a drama. 
dulce et decorum est pro patria 

mori [L.], it is sweet and honorable 

to die for one's country, 
too much, or too many ; dum vivimus, vivamus [L.], while 

we live, let us live. * . 



dehors [Fr 

irrelevant 

Dei gratia [L.], by the grace of God. 

demi-monde [Fr.], disreputable fe- 
male society; abandoned women. 

Deo gratias [L.], thanks to God. 

Deo juvante [L.], with God's help. 

Deo volente [L.], God willing. 

dernier ressort [Fr.], a last resource. 

desipere in loco [L.], to jest at the 
proper time. 

desunt caetera [L 
wanting. 

detur digniori [L. 
the more worthy. 

deus ex machina 
the machine; i. e 



without; out of; foreign; durante beneplacito [L.], during 
good pleasure. 
durante vita [L.], during life. 



eaudevie [Fr.], water of life; brandy. 

ecce homo [L.], behold the man; — 
applied specifically to any picture 
representing the Saviour given up to 
the people by Pilate, and wearing 
the crown of thorns. 

ecce signum [L.], behold the sign. 

e pluribus unum [L.], one out of 
many; one composed of many; — 
the motto of the United States. 

editio princeps [L.], the first edition, 
equality, 
pupil; a foster child. 

elite [Fr.], a choice or select body of 
persons. 

eloge [Fr.], a funeral oration. 

eloignement [Fr.], estrangement. 

embonpoint [Fr.], plumpness ; fleshi- 



the remainder is 
let it be given to 



[L.], a god from 
from a theatrical 

contrivance for making gods appear egalite [Fr 

in the air; hence, an unexpected eleve [Fr 

and fortunate occurrence- 
dies faustus [L.], a lucky day. 
dies infaustus [L.], an unlucky day. 
dies ira? [L.], day of wrath. 
dies non [L.], a day on which judges 

do not sit. 
Dieu defend le droit [Fr], God 

defends the right. 
Dieu et mon droit [Fr.], God and 

my right. 
dignus vindice nodus [L.], a knot 

worthy to be loosened by such hands. 
dirigo [L.], I direct or guide; — the 

motto of Maine. 



emeute [Fr.], a riot; a mob. 
employe [Fr.], one who is employed 

by another; a person in service. 
en arriere [Fr.], in the rear. 
en avant [Fr.], forward! 
en deshabille [Fr.], in undress. 
en famille [Fr.], in a domestic state. 
en fin [Fr.], at last; finally. 



885 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 

en passant [Fr.], in passing; by the ex cathedra [L.], from the bench; 

way. with high authority. 

en plein jour [Fr.], in broad day. ex officio [L.], by virtue of his 
en rapport [Fr.], in a condition or office. 

relation of sympathy. ex parte [L.], on one side only. 

en regie [Fr.], in order; according to ex pede Herculem [L.], we recog- 

rules. nize a Hercules from the size of 

en route [Fr.], on the way. the foot; that is, we judge of the 

en suite [Fr.], in company. whole from the specimen. 

enciente [Fr.], pregnant. ex post facto [L.], after the deed 

enfans perdus [Fr.], lost children; is done. 

a forlorn hope. ex tempore [L.], without premedi- 

enfant gate [Fr.], a spoiled child. tation. 

ennui [Fr.], a feeling of weariness ex uno disce omnes [L.], from one 

and disgust; tedium. learn all. 

ensemble [Fr.], the whole. ex vi termini [L.], by the meaning 

ense petit placidam sub liber- or force of the expression. 

tate quietem [L.], with the excelsior [L.], higher; more elevated; 

sword she seeks quiet peace under — the motto of New York. 

liberty; — the motto of Massachu- excerpta [L.], extracts. • 

setts. exempli gratia [L.], by way of ex- 

entente cordiale [Fr.], evidences of ample. 

good will and justice toward each exeunt [L.], they go out. 

other, exchanged by the chief per- exeunt omnes [L.], all go out. 

sons of two states. experimentum crucis [L.], the ex- 

entourage [Fr.], surroundings; ad- periment of the cross; a decisive 

juncts. experiment. 

entree [Fr.], entry; first course at experto crede [L.], trust one who 

table. has tried, or had experience. 

entre nous [Fr.], between our- expose [Fr.], an exposition. 

selves. 
entrepot [Fr.], a bonded ware- F 

house; a free port. 
ergo [L.], therefore. facile princeps [L.], evidently pre- 

espieglerie [Fr.], sportive tricks. 'eminent; the admitted chief. 
esprit de corps [Fr.], the animating fait accompli [Fr.], a thing already 

spirit of a collective body. done. 

esprit des lois [Fr.], spirit of the faubourg [Fr.], a suburb. 

laws. fauteuil [Fr.], an easy chair. 

esto perpetua [L.], let it be per- faux pas [Fr.], a false step. 

petual. f elo de se [Fr.], a suicide. 

est modus in rebus [L.], there is femme couverte [Fr.], a married 

a medium in all things. woman. 

et cum spiritu tuo [L.], and with femme de chambre [Fr.], a cham- 

thy spirit. bermaid. 

et id genus omne [L.], and every f eras naturae [L.], of a wild nature. 

thing of the sort. festina lente [L.j, hasten slowly. 

et sic de similibus [L.], and so of fete champetre [Fr.], a rural festival. 

the like. feu de joie [Fr.], a firing of guns in 

et tu Brute [L.], and thou also, token of joy; a bonfire. 

Brutus! feuilleton [Fr.], bottom part of a 

eureka [Gr.], I have found it;— the French newspaper, separated by a 

motto of California. line from the rest, and devoted to 

ex animo [L.], heartily. light literature, criticism, etc. 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 



fiacre [Fr.], a hack. helluo librorum [L.], a devourer of 

fiat justitia, ruat caelum [L.], let books; a book-worm. 

justice be done though the heavens hiatus valde deflendus [L.] f a de- 



fall. 

fiat lux [L.], let there be light. 

fidei defensor [L.], defender of the 
faith. 

fides, Punica [L.], Punic faith; 
treachery. 

fidus Achates [L.], faithful Achates; 
i. e., a true friend. 

filius nullius [L.], a son of nobody. 

filus terras [L.], one of low birth. 

fille de chambre [Fr.], a chamber- 
maid. 

fille de joie [Fr.], a prostitute. 

flagrante bello [L.], during hos- 
tilities. 

flagrante delicto [L.], in the com- 
mission of the crime. 

fortiter in re [L.], with firmness in 
acting. 

franco [It.], post free. 

friseur [Fr.], a hair-dresser. 

fuit Ilium [L.], Troy has been. 

fusillade [Fr.], a simultaneous dis- 
charge of fire-arms. 

G 

gallice [L.], in French. 

garcon [Fr.], a boy, or a waiter. 

garde du corps [Fr.], a body guard. 

genius loci [L.], the genius of the 
place. 

gens d'armes [Fr.], armed police. 

genus irritabile vatum [L.], the 
irritable race of poets. 

germanice [h.], in German. 

glebae ascriptus [L.] a servant be- 
longing to the soil. 

Gloria in Excelsis [L.], glory to 
God in the highest. 

Gloria Patri [L.], Glory be to the 
Father. 

gnothi seauton [Gr.], know thyself. 



ficiency much to 
hie et ubique [L 

where. 
hie jacet [L.], here lies. 
hie labor, hoc opus est [L.] 

is labor, this is work. 
hoc age [L.], do this. 
hoc tempore [L.], at this time. 
honi soit qui mal y pense [Fr. 

shame on him Who evil thinks. 



be regretted, 
here and every- 



this 



sempre 



hora e 

time. 
hors de combat 

dition to fight. 
humanum est errare 

human. 



[It.], it is always 
[Fr. 



out of con- 



[L. 



to err is 



[Ger.], I serve. 
], that is. 

[L.], all of that 



omne 



ich dien 

id est [L. 
id genus 

sort. 
ignotum per ignotius [L.], that 

which is unknown by something 

still more unknown. 
imperium in imperio [L.], a gov- 
ernment within a government. 
imprimatur [L.], let it be printed; 

— a license to print a book, etc. 
improvvisatore [It.], an impromptu 

poet. 
improwisatrice [It.], an impromptu 

poetess. 
in aeternum [L.], forever. 
in articulo mortis [L.], at the 

point of death; in the last struggle. 
in commendam [L.], in trust. 
in curia [L.], in the court. 
in equilibrio [L.], in equilibrium. 
in esse [L.], in being. 
in extremis [L.], at the point of 



H 



[L. 



haud passibus aequis 

equal steps. 
haute nouveaute [Fr 

novelty. 
haut gout [Fr.], high flavor; fine 

or elegant taste. 



death. 

in flagrante delicto [L.], taken in 
the fact, 
not with in forma pauperis [L.], as a poor 

man. 
a great in foro conscientiae [L.], before the 
tribunal of conscience. 
in futuro [L.], in future; hence- 
forth. 



887 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 

in hoc signo vinces [L.], in this J 

sign, or under this standard, thou 

shalt conquer. jacta est alea [L.], the die is cast. 

in limine [L.], at the threshold. je ne sais quoi [Fr.], I know not 
in loco parentis [L.], in the place what. 

of a parent. jeu de mots [Fr.], a play on words; 

in medias res [L.], into the midst a pun. 

of things, or affairs. jeu d'esprit [Fr.], a witticism. 

in medio tutissimus ibis [L.], you Jupiter tonans [L.], Jupiter the 

will go most safely in the middle. thunderer. 

in memoriam [L.], in memory. jure divino [L.], by divine law. 

in nubibus [L.], in the clouds. jus civile [L.], civil law. 

in perpetuum [L.], forever. jus divinum [L.], divine law. 

in posse [L.], in possible existence, jus .et norma loquendi [L.], the 
in propria persona [L.], in person. law and rule of speech. 
in puris naturalibus [L.], quite jus gentium [L.], law of nations. 

naked. juste milieu [Fr.], the golden mean. 

in re [L.], in the matter of. 

in rem [L.], against the thing. L 

in saecula saeculorum [L.], for ages 

on ages. labor ipse voluptas [L.], labor 

in situ [L.] in its original situation. itself is pleasure. 
in statu quo [L.], in the former labor omnia vincit [L.], labor con- 
state, quers everything. 
in terrorem [L.], as a warning. laissez faire [Fr.], let alone. 
in toto [L.], in the whole; entirely, lapsus linguae [L.], a slip of the 
in totidem verbis [L.], in so many tongue. 

words. latet anguis in herba [L.], a snake 

in transitu [L.], on the passage. lies hid in the grass. 

in usum Delphini [L.], for the use laudator temporis acti [L.], a 

of the Dauphin. praiser of time past. 

in utrumque paratus [L.], prepared laus Deo [L.], praise to God. 

for either event. le beau monde [Fr.], the fashion- 

in vacuo [L.], in empty space. able world. 

in verba magistri jurare [L.], to le diable boiteux [Fr.], the lame 

swear to, or by, the words of another ; devil. 

to adopt opinions on the authority le roi et l'etat [Fr.], king and state. 

of another. leroileveut [Fr.], the king wills it. 

in vino Veritas [L.], there is truth le roi Vavisera [Fr.], the king will 

in wine. consider or deliberate. 

infanta [Sp.], a princess of the blood lese majeste [Fr.], high treason. 

royal in Spain and Portugal. Tetoile du nord [Fr.], the star of 

infante [Sp.], any son of the king, the north; — the motto of Minn- 

except the eldest, or heir apparent. esota. 
insouciance [Fr.], indifference; care- lettre de cachet [Fr.], a sealed 

lessness. letter; a royal warrant. 

instar omnium [L.], like all. lettre de marque [Fr.], a letter o: 

inter alia [L.], among other things. marque or of reprisal. 
inter nos [L.], between ourselves. lex loci [L.], the law of the place 
invita Minerva [L.], without genius, lex non scripta [L.], the common 
ipse dixit [L.], he himself said it. law. 

ipsissima verba [L.], the very words, lex scripta [L.], statute law. 
ipso facto [L.], in the fact itself. lex talionis [L.], the law of retalia- 
ipso jure [L.], by the law itself. tion. 



' 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 



l'homme propose, et Dieu dispose 

[Fr.], man proposes, and God dis- 
poses. 

liaison [Fr.], an alliance; an illicit 
connection. 

lite pendente [L.], during trial. 

litera scripta manet [L.], the 
written letter remains. 

loco citato [L.], in the place cited. 

locum tenens [L.], a deputy or 
substitute; a proxy. 

locus in quo [L.], the place in which. 

locus sigilli [L.], place of seal. 

longo intervallo [L.], by or with 
long interval. 

lucidus ordo [L.], a clear arrange- 
ment. 

lucus a non- lucendo [L.], a jeu 
d'esprit in etymology, which, assum- 
ing that lucus, a dark wood or 
grove, is derived from the verb 
lucere, to shine, supposes it must be 
a non lucendo, from its not being 
light. 

lusus naturae [L.], a sport or freak 
of nature. 



M 



macte virtute [L.], proceed in 
virtue. 

ma fois [Fr.], upon my faith. 

magna est Veritas, et prevalebit 
[L.j, truth is mighty, and it will 
prevail. 

magnum opus [L.], a great work. 

magnus Apollo [L.], great Apollo; 
one of high authority. 

maison de ville [Fr.], the town-house. 

maitre d'hotel [Fr.], a house- 
steward. 

mal a propos [Fr.], ill-timed. 

malgre nous [Fr.], in spite of us. 

malum in se [L.], bad in itself. 

mare clausum [L.], a closed sea; 
a bay. 

materiel [Fr.], materials or instru- 
ments employed (opposed to per- 
sonnel) . 

mauvais gout [Fr.], bad taste. 

mauvais honte [Fr.], false modesty. 

mega biblion, mega kakon [Gr.], 
a great book is a great evil. 

me judice [L.], I being judge. 



melange [Fr.], a medley. 

melee [Fr.], a hand-to-hand fight; 

a riot. 
memento mori [L.], remember death. 
memorabilia [L.], things to be 

remembered. 
mens sana in corpore sano [L.], a 

sound mind in a sound body. 
mens sibi conscia recti [L.], a 

mind conscious of rectitude. 
mesalliance [Fr.], improper asso- 
ciation; marriage with one. of lower 

station. 
meum et tuum ' [L.J, mine and 

thine. 
mirabile dictu [L.], wonderful to 

be told. 
mise en scene [Fr.], the putting in 

preparation for the stage. 
mittimus [L.], we send; — a writ to 

commit an offender to prison. 
modus operandi [L.], manner of 

operation. 
montani semper libezi [L.], moun- 
taineers are always freemen; — the 

motto of West Virginia. 
monumentum aere perennius [L.], 

a monument more durable than 



multum in parvo [L.], much in 
little. 

mutatis mutandis [L.], the neces- 
sary changes being made. 

mutato nomine [L.], the name 
being changed. 



N 



naive [Fr.], having native or un- 
affected simplicity. 
naivete [Fr.], native simplicity. 
ne plus ultra [L.], nothing further. 
ne quid nimis [L.], not anything 

too much or too far. 
ne sutor ultra crepidam [L.], let 

not the shoemaker go beyond his 

last. 
nee [Fr.], born; as, Madame de 

Stael, nee (that is, whose maiden 

name was) Necker. 
negligee [Fr.], an easy, uncere- 
. monious attire; undress. 
nemine contradicente [L.], no one 

speaking in opposition. 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 



nemine dissentiente [L.], no one 

dissenting. 
nemo me impune lacessit [L.], no 

one wounds me with impunity; — 

the motto of Scotland. 
nil admirari [L.], to wonder at 

nothing. 
nil conscire sibi [L.], to be con- 
scious of no fault. 
nil desperandum [L.], never des- 
pair. 
n'importe [Fr.], it matters not. 
noblesse oblige [Fr.], rank imposes 

obligation; much is rightly expected 

of one of high birth or station. 
nolens volens [L.], whether he will 

or not. 
noli me tangere [L.], don't touch 

me. 
nolle prosequi [L.], to be unwilling 

to proceed. 
nom de plume [Fr.], a pen name; 

an assumed title. 
nom de guerre [Fr.], a war name; a 

traveling title; a pseudonym. 
non compos mentis [L.], not in 

sound mind. 
non constat [L.], it does not appear. 
non est inventus [L.], he has not 

been found. 
non liquet [L.], it is not clear. 
non obstante [L.J, notwithstanding. 
non omnia possumus omnes [L.], 

we cannot, all of us, do all things. 
non omnis moriar [L.], I shall not 

wholly die. 
non sequitur [L.], it does not follow ; 

an unwarranted conclusion. 
non mi ricordo [It.], I don't remem- 
ber. 
nosce teipsum [L.], know thyself. 
nota bene [L.], mark well. 
n'oubliez pas [Fr.], don't forget. 
nous verrons [Fr.], we shall see. 
novus homo [L.], a new man. 
nuance [Fr.], shade; gradation; tint. 
nudum pactum [L.], a contract 

made without any consideration, 

and therefore void. 
nunc aut nunquam [L.], now or 

never. 



obiit [L.], he, or she, died. 



obiter dictum [L.], a thing said by 

the way, or in passing. 
obsta principiis [L.], resist the 

first beginnings. 
odium theologicum [L.], the hatred 

of theologians. 
ceil de bceuf [Fr.], a bull's eye. 
ohe! jam satis [L.], O, now there is 

enough. 
omnia vincit amor [L.], love con- 
quers all things, 
omnia vincit labor [L.], labor over- 
comes all things. 
on dit [Fr.], they say; flying rumor. 
onus probandi [L.], the burden of 

proving. 
ora e sempre [It.], now and always. 
ora pro nobis [L.], pray for us 
orator fit, poeta nascitur [L.], the 

orator is made, but the poet is born. 
ore rotundo [L.], with round, full 

voice. 
ore tenus [L.], as far as the mouth. 
O! si sic omnia [L.], O, that he had 

always done or spoken thus. 
O temporal O mores! [L.], O the 

times! O the manners! 
otium cum dignitate [L.], ease 

with dignity; dignified leisure. 
oubliette [Fr.], dungeon of a castle. 
oui dire [Fr.], hearsay. 
outre [Fr.], out of the commo: 

course; extravagant. 
ouvrier [Fr.], a workman; an artisan. 



palmam qui meruit ferat [L.], let 
him who has won it bear the palm. 

papier mache [Fr.], chewed or 
mashed paper; a hard substance 
made of a pulp from rags or paper. 

par exemple [Fr.], for example. 

par excellence [Fr.], by way of 
eminence. 

pari passu [L.], with equal pace. 

par nobile fratrum [L.], a noble 
pair of brothers; two just alike. 

parole d'honneur [Fr.], word of 
honor. 

particeps criminis [L.], an accom- 
plice. 

parva componere magnis [L.], to 
compare small things with great. 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 



parvenu [Fr.], an upstart; one newly 

risen into notice. 
pas a pas [Fr.], step by step. 
passe [Fr.], past; out of use; faded; 

worn out. 
passe-partout [Fr.], a master-key. 
pate de foie gras [Fr.], goose-liver 

pie. 
paterfamilias [L.], the father of a 

family. 
pater noster [L.], Our Father; the 

Lord's prayer. 
pater patriae [L.], father of his 

country. 
patois [Fr.], dialect of the lower 

classes. 
patres conscripti [L.], conscript 

fathers; the Roman senators. 
peccavi [L.], I have sinned. 
peine forte et dure [Fr.], strong and 

severe punishment. 
penchant [Fr.], inclination; liking. 
pendente lite [L.l, pending the suit. 
pensee [Fr.], thought. 
per annum [L.], by the year. 
per capita [L.], by the head. 
per centum [L.], by the hundred. 
per contra [L.], contrariwise. 
per diem [L.], by the day. 
per se [L.]. by itself considered. 
perdu [Fr.], lost. 
personnel [Fr.], body of persons 

employed in some public service. 
petit maitre [Fr.], a dandy; a cox- 
comb. 
petitio principii [L.], a begging of 

the question. 
peu-a-peu [Fr.], little by little. 
peu de chose [Fr.], a trifle. 
piece de resistance [Fr.], a solid 

joint. 
pirouette [Fr.], a whirl on the toes, 

as in dancing. 
pis aller [Fr.], the last shift. 
piu [It.], more. 

pleno jure [L.], with full authority. 
plexus [L.], a net-work; web. 
poco a poco [It.], little by little. 
poeta nascitur, non fit [L.], the 

poet is born, not made. 
point d'appui [Fr.], point of sup- 
port; prop. 
pons asinorum [L.], bridge of asses. 
post mortem [L.], after death. 



post obitum [L.], after death. 

pot-pourri [Fr.], a hotch-potch; a 
medley. 

preux chevalier '[Fr;], a brave 
knight. 

prima facie [L.], on the first view. 

primus inter apres [L.], chief 
among equals. 

principia, non homines [L.], prin- 
ciples, not men. 

principiis obsta [L.], resist the first 
beginnings. 

pro aris et focis [L.], for our altars 
and firesides. 

pro bono publico [L.], for the pub- 
lic good. 

pro et con [L.], for and against. 

pro forma [L.], for the sake of form. 

pro hac vice [L.], for this turn or 
occasion. 

pro rata [L.], in proportion. 

pro re nata [L.], for a special emer- 
gency. 

pro tanto [L.], for so much. 

pro tempore [L.], for the time. 

proces verbal [Fr.], a written state- 
ment. 

profanum vulgus [L.], the profane 
vulgar. 

proh pudor [L.], O, for shame. 

propria quae maribus [L.], those 
things which are appropriate or 
peculiar to males or men or to hus- 
bands. 

Punica fides [L.J, Punic faith; 
treachery. 



qua [L.], so far as; in so far as. 
quantum libet [L.], as much as you 

please. 
quantum -meru i t » [L.], as much as 

he deserved. 
quantum mutatus ab illo! [L.], 

how changed from what he was! 
quantum sufficit [L.], a sufficient 

quantity. 
quantum vis [L.], as much as you 

will. 
quasi [L.], as if; in a manner. 
quelque chose [Fr.], a trifle; some- 
thing; anything. 
quid pro quo [L.], one thing for 

another; an equivalent. 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 



quid rides? [L.], why do you laugh? 
qui facit per alium, facit per se 

[L.], he who does a thing by the 
agency of another, does it himself. 

quis custodiet ipsos custodes? [L.], 
who shall guard the guards them- 
selves? 

qui transtulit, sustinet [L.], he 
who transplanted, still sustains; 
the motto of Connecticut. 

qui vive? [Fr.], who goes there? — 
hence, on the qui vive, on the alert. 

quoad hoc [L.J, to this extent. 

quo animo? [L.], with what mind or 
intention? 

quo jure? [L.], by what right? 

quod erat demonstrandum [L.], 
"which was to be demonstrated. 

quod vide [L.], which see. 

quos Deus vult perdere, prius 
dementat [L.], those whom God 
wishes to destroy, he first makes 
mad. 



R 



rara avis [L.], a rare bird. 

recueil [Fr.], collection. 

reductio ad absurdum [L.], re- 
ducing a position to an absurdity. 

regnant populi [L.], the people 
rule;— the motto . of Arkansas. 
(Properly, regnat populus.) 

re infecta [L.], the business being 
unfinished. 

religio loci [L.], the religious spirit 
of the place. 

renommee [Fr.], renown; fame. 

requiescat in pace [L.], may he 
rest in peace. 

res angusta domi [L.], narrow cir- 
cumstances at home; poverty. 

respice finem fcL.], look to the end. 

resume [Fr.], a summing up: re- 
capitulation. 

resurgam [L.], I shall rise again. 

revenons a nos moutons [Fr.], let 
us return to our sheep; let us 
t return to our subject. 

rifacimento [It.], renewal; re-estab- 
hshment. 

robe de chambre [Fr.], a dressing- 
gown or morning-gown. 

rouleau [Fr.], a little roll. 



rudis indigestaque moles [L.], a 
rude and undigested mass. 

ruse de guerre [Fr.], a stratagem of 
war. 

rus in urbe [L.], the. country in 
town. 



salle [Fr:], a hall. 
salon [Fr.], an apartment for com- 
pany; a fashionable party; or fash- 
ionable society. 
salus populi suprema est lex [L.]. 
the welfare of the people is the 
supreme law; — the motto of Mis- 
souri. 

sanctum sanctorum [L.], holy of 
holies. 

sans ceremonie [Fr.], without cere- 
mony. 

sans peur et sans reproche [Fr.] 
without fear and without reproach 

sartor resartus [L.], the cobbler 
mended. 

sauve qui peut [Fr.], save himseli 
who can. 

savoir faire [Fr.], ability. 

savoir vivre [Fr.], good breeding. 

scandalum magnatum [L.], de- 
famatory speech or writing to the 
injury of persons of dignity. 

scire facias [L.], cause it to be 
known. 

seance [Fr.], a sitting or session. 

secundum artem [L.], according to 
rule. 

secundum naturam [L.], according 
to the course of nature. 

secundum ordinern [L.], in order 

semper felix [L.], always fortunate. 

semper fidelis [L.], always faithful. 

semper idem [L.], always the same. 

semper paratus [L.], always ready. 

senatus consultum [L.], a decree 
of the senate. 

se non e vero, e ben trovato [It.], 
if not true, it is well feigned. 

sesquipedalia verba [L.], words a 
foot and a half long. 

sic itur ad astra [L.], such is the 
way to immortality. 

sic passim [L.], so everywhere. 

sic semper tyrannis [L.], ever so 
to tyrants; the motto of Virginia. 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 



sic transit gloria mundi [L.], so 
passes away earthly glory. 

sic vos non vobis [L.], thus you do 
not labor for yourselves. 

sicut ante [L.], as before. 

sicut patribus, sit Deus nobis [L.], 
as God was with our fathers, so 
may He be with us. 

similia similibus curantur [L.], 
like things are cured by like. 

si monumentum quaeris, circum- 
spice [L.], if you seek his monu- 
ment, look around. 

simplex munditiis [L.], of simple 
elegance. 

sine cura [L.], without charge or 
care. 

sine die [L.], without a day ap- 
pointed. 

sine qua non [L.], an indispensable 
condition. 

si quaeris peninsulam amaenam, 
circumspice [L.], if thou seekest 
a beautiful peninsula, behold it 
here; -the motto of Michigan. 

sit tibi terra levis [L.], may the 
earth lie lightly upon thee. 

soubrette [Fr.], an intriguing woman. 

stans pede in uno [L.], standing on 
one foot. 

stat magni nominis umbra [L.], 
he stands the shadow of a mighty 
name. 

statu quo ante bellum [L.], in 
the state which was before the war. 

status quo [L.], the state in which. 

stet [L.], let it stand. 

suaviter in modo, fortiter in re 
[L.], gentle in manners, but resolute 
in deed. 

sub judice [L.j, under consideration. 

sub rosa [L.], under the rose; pri- 
vately. 

sui generis [L.j, of its own kind. 

sui juris [L.], in one's own right. 

summum bonum [L.], the chief 
good. 

suo marte [L.], by his own strength. 

suum cuique [L.], let each have his 
own. 



tabula rasa [L.J, a smooth or blank 
tablet. 



tant pis [Fr.], so much the worse. 

tantum vidit Virgilium [L.], he 
merely saw Virgil (that is, the great 
man). 

tapis [Fr.], a carpet; also, the cover 
of a council-table; hence, to be 
on the tapis is to be under consid- 
eration. 

tempora mutantur, et nos muta- 
mur in illis [L.], the times are 
changed, -and we are changed with 
, them. 

tempus edax rerum [L.], time the 

• devourer of all things. 

tempus fugit [L.], time flies. 

terrae Alius [L.], a son of the earth; 
that is, human being. 

terra firma [L.], solid earth; a safe 
footing. 

terra incognita [L.], an unknown 
country. 

tertium quid [L.], a third, some- 
thing; a nondescript. 

tiers-etat [Fr.], the third estate; 
commons or commonality. 

tokalon [Gr.] the beautiful; the chief 
good. 

to prepon [Gr.], the proper or be- 
coming. 

totidem verbis [L.], in just so many 
words. 

toties quoties [L.], as often as. 

toto ccelo [L.], by the whole heav- 
ens; diametrically opposite. 

tout-a-fait [Fr.], entirely. 

tout au contraire [Fr.], on the con- 
trary. 

tout ensemble [Fr.], the whole 
taken together. 



U 



uberrima fides [L.], superabound- 
ing faith. 

ubi supra [L.], where above men- 
tioned. 

ultima ratio regum [L.], the last 
argument of kings; war. 

ultima thule [L.j, utmost limit. 

una voce [L.], with one voice. 

uno animo [L.], with one mind; 
unanimously. 

usque ad aras [L.], to the very 
altars. 



Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 



usque ad nauseam [L.], to disgust. 
utile dulci [L.], the useful with the 

pleasant. 
ut infra [L.], as below. 
ut supra [L.], as above stated. 
uti possidetis [L.], as you possess; 

state of present possession. 



vade mecum [L.], go with me; a 
constant companion. 

vae victis [L.], woe to the vanquished. 

vale [L.], farewell. 

valet de chambre [Fr.], an attend- 
ant; a footman. 

variorum notse [L.], the notes of 
various authors. 

veni, vidi, vici [L.], I came, I saw, 
I conquered. 

verbatim et literatim [L.], \/ord for 
word and letter for letter. 

verbum sat sapienti [L.], a word is 
enough for a wise man. 

vetturo [It.], a hack. 

vetturino [It.], a hackman. 

vexata qusestio [L.], a disputed 
question. 

via [L.], by the way of. 

via media [L.], a middle course. 

vice [L.], in the place of. 

vice versa [L.], the terms being ex- 
changed. 

vide ut supra [L.], see what is stated 
above. 

vi et armis [L.], by force and arms; 
by main force. 

vincit amor patriae [L.], love of 
country prevails. 



IL.1, 

[L.], 



truth 



the 



vincit omnia Veritas 

conquers all things. 
vinculum matrimonii 

bond of marriage. 
vires acquirit eundo [L.], she ac- 
quires strength in her progress. 
vis a vis [Fr.], opposite; facing. 
vis a tergo [L.], a propelling force 

from behind. 
vis inertias [L.], the power of inertia; 

resistance. 
vis vitse [L.], the vigor of life. 
vitam impendere vero [L.], to stake 

one's life for the truth. 
vivat regina [L.], long live the 

queen. 
vivat rex [L.], long live the king. 
viva voce [L.], by the living voice 

by oral testimony. 
vive la republique [Fr.], long life 

the republic. 
vive la bagatelle! [Fr.], success 

trifling. 
vive le roi [Fr.], long live the kin 
voila [Fr.], behold; there is 
vox, et praeterea nihil [L.], a voice, 

and nothing more. 
vox populi, vox Dei [L.], the voice 

of the people is the voice of God. 
vr a i semblance [Fr.], appearance of 

truth. 



zonam solvere [L.], to loose th( 

virgin zone. 
zollverein [Ger.], a union among th( 

German states for the collection 

custom-house duties. 



! 



894 



DICTIONARY OF FORMS OF ADDRESS 



1. Archbishop — Letters are ad- 
dressed: "His Grace, the Lord Arch- 
bishop of ," and commence: "My 

Lord Archbishop." More formal docu- 
ments are addressed "The Most 
Reverend Father in God (John Bird), 
by Divine Providence, Lord Arch- 
bishop of Canterbury"; other arch- 
bishops and suffragan bishops being 
"by Divine permission." When per- 
sonally referred to. an archbishop is 
styled "Your Grace," not "Your 
Lordship." The Archbishop of Ar- 
magh is addressed as "His Grace the 
Lord Primate of Ireland." 

Archbishops' wives, and other mem- 
bers of their families, as such, are with- 
out titles. 

2. Baron— Addressed: "The Right 

Honorable Lord "; referred to as 

"His Lordship," or "Your Lordship." 

Baron's Daughter — "The Honor- 
able Mary "; or, if married, "The 

Honorable Mrs. ." Letters com- 
mence, "Madam." 

Baron's Son — "The Honorable 
John ." Letters commence, "Sir." 

Baron's Son's Wife— "The Honor- 
able Mrs. ." Letters commence, 

"Madam." 

Baron's Wife, and Baroness in her 
own right — "The Right Honorable 

Lady "; in strictness, but more 

commonly, "The Lady ." Letters 

commence, "Madam," and refer to 
her as "Your Ladyship." 

Baronet— "Sir John , Bart." 

Letters commence, "Sir." 

Baronet's Wife— "Lady ." Un- 
less she has a title as the daughter of a 
peer, no Christian name is used. She 
is referred to as "Your Ladyship." 

Bishop— "The Right Reverend the 
Lord Bishop of -." Letters com- 
mence, "My Lord." Frequently the 
address is simply, "The Lord Bishop 
of ." The style in formal docu- 



ments is, "The Right Reverend Father 
in God (John •), by Divine permis- 
sion, Lord Bishop of ." Scotch 

bishops are addressed, "The Bishop 

of ," sometimes as "The Right 

Reverend Bishop (e. g., Henry Cot- 
terell)," and letters commence, "Right 
Reverend Sir." The colonial bishops 
are addressed by their territorial titles 
like those of England. 

Bishops' Wives and Children 
have no titles. 

Countess — "The Right Honorable 
the Countess of ." Letters com- 
mence, "Madam," and refer to her as 
"Your Ladyship." 

Duke — "His Grace the Duke of 

." Letters commence, "My Lord 

Duke"; and he is referred to as 
"Your Grace." 

Duchess — "Her Grace the Duchess 
of ." Letters commence, "Ma- 
dam," and refer to her as "Your 
Grace " 

Duke's Daughter— "The Right 

Honorable Lady Mary ," or less 

formally, "The Lady Mary ." 

Letters commence, "Madam," and 
refer to her as "Your Ladyship." If 
she is married to a person of inferior 
rank, her surname only is changed. 

Duke's Eldest Son — Uses the sec- 
ond or some other title of his family 
by courtesy, and he is addressed as if 
he held the title by law, though in 

formal documents he is called " , 

Esq., commonly called the Marquis or 
earl (as the case may be). 

Duke's Younger Son— "The Right 
Honorable Lord John Russell," or less 

formally, "The Lord John R -." 

"My Lord," and "Your Lordship." 

Duke's Younger Son's Wife — 

"The Lady John ," unless where 

she has a title in her own right. 
"Madam," and "Your Ladyship." 

Earl— "The Right Honorable the 



Dictionary of Forms of Address 



Earl of ," or less formally, "The 

Earl of ." "My Lord," and 

"Your Lordship." 

Earl's Wife — see Countess. 

Earl's Daughter — Like Duke's 
Daughter (q.v.). 

Earl's Eldest Son is addressed as 
if the title which he holds in courtesy 
were a title in law. 

Earl's Younger Son — Like Baron's 
Son (q.v.). 

Earl's Younger Son's Wife — Like 
Baron's son's wife, unless of superior 
rank to her husband. 

King— "The King's Most Excellent 
Majesty." "Sire," and "Your Majesty" ; 
or, in less formal notes,-thus: "Mr. Pill 
presents his duty to your Majesty." 

Knight Bachelor — Like Baronet 
(q.v.), except that the word "Bart." 
is omitted. 

Knight Bachelor's Wife— Like 
Baronet's Wife (q.v.). 

Knight of the Garter — K.G. is 
added to the name or other title of the 
bearer. 

Knight of St. Patrick— K.P. used 
in the same manner. 

Knight of the Thistle— K.T. 

Knight of the Bath— if a Knight 
Grand Cross, K.G.C.B.; if a Knight 
Commander, K.C.B. 

Knight of the Bath's Wife— Like 
the wife of a Baronet or Knight 
Bachelor. 

Lord Advocate (of Scotland) — 
"The Right Honorable the Lord Advo- 
cate" by courtesy; but in official docu- 
ments he is styled "His Majesty's 
Advocate for Scotland." Letters ought 
strictly to commence, "Sir," not "My 
Lord," though the latter mode of 
address is usual. 

Lord Lieutenant (of Ireland) — 
"His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant"; 
and letters commence in accordance 
with his rank in the peerage or other- 
wise. If a duke, he is styled "His 
Grace the Lord Lieutenant." 

Lord Mayor— "The Right Honor- 
able the Lord Mayor." "My Lord," 
and "Your Lordship." There are 
only three Lord Mayors — those of 
London, York, and Dublin. 



Lord Provost — The Provost of 

Edinburgh is "The Right Honorable 
the Lord Provost"; of Glasgow, "The 
Honorable the Lord Provost"; of 
Perth and of Aberdeen, "The Lord 
Provost." There are no other Lord 
Provosts. Perhaps the distinction in 
the title of the chief magistrate of the 
Scottish capital is traceable to his 
having been always a member of the 
Privy Council of Scotland, at least 
since the Revolution. 

Lord of Session (in Scotland) — 
"The Honorable Lord—." "My 
Lord," and "Your Lordship." 

Lords of His Majesty's Treasury 
—These in their collective capacity 
are addressed as "The Honorable the 
Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's 
Treasury"; individually they have no 
title from their connection with the 
Treasury. 

Maid of Honor — "The Honorable. 
Miss"; and "Madam." 

Marquis — "The Most Honorable 

the Marquis of ," not "The Most 

Noble." Letters commence, "My 
Lord Marquis"; but when personally 
addressed, he is styled "My Lord," 
and "Your Lordship." 

Marchioness — "The Most Honor- 
able the Marchioness of ." "Ma- 
dam," and "Your Ladyship." 

Marquis's Daughter — Like Duke's 
Daughter (q.v.). 

Marquis's Eldest Son — Like 
Duke's Eldest Son (q.v.). 

Marquis's Younger Son — Like 
Duke's Younger Son (q.v.). 

Mayors — In formal documents, 
"The Right Worshipful the Mayor 

"; but in letters, simply "The 

Mayor." 

Members of Parliament — The 
letters. M. P. are added to their usual 
address. 

Officers in the Navy and Army — 
Their rank in the service, if above 
subalterns, is always prefixed to any 
other title they may possess, thus 
"Captain the Lord John ." 

Prince — "His Royal Highness 

Prince "; or "His Royal High- 

the Duke of ," when the 



896 



Dictionary of Forms of Address 



Prince is also a Duke. In practice, Excellency." Judges of federal, state, 
the initials H.R.H. are usually substi- and municipal courts, members of both 
tuted for the words. A letter begins Houses of Congress, of state legis- 
"Sir," not "My Lord Duke"; and the latures, and of the President's cabinet, 
mode of reference is "Your Royal and frequently members of municipal 
Highness." councils are addressed in writing by 
Princess — "Her Royal Highness the the courtesy title "Honorable," con- 
Princess ," or "The Duchess" tracted to "Hon.," and in most cases 

(as the case may be). "Madam," and the name of office follows that of the 



"Your Royal Highness." 

Prince's Wife, though of inferior 
rank, like a Princess by birth. 

Privy Councillor— "The Right 
Honorable John ." 

Privy Councillor's Wife and Chil- 
dren have no title. 

Queen— "The Queen's Most Excel- 
lent Majesty." "Madam," and "Your 

Majesty"; or, "The Lord John R 

presents his duty to your Majesty." 

Viscount— "The Right Honorable 

Lord Viscount ," or less formally, 

"The Lord Viscount," "My Lord," 
and "Your Lordship." 

Viscountess — "The Right Honor- 
able the Viscountess," or less formally, 
"The Viscountess,"' "Madam," and 
"Your Ladyship." 

Viscount's Daughter — Like Bar- 
on's Daughter (q.v.). 

Viscount's Son — Like Baron's Son 
(q.v.). 

AMERICAN FORMS 

The Constitution of the United 
States provides that no title of nobility 



person, such as "Hon. — , U. S. 

Senate" ; "Hon. , Chief Justice 

of the (Supreme Court of the) United 
States"; "Hon. , M.C." Associ- 
ate Justices of the U. S. Supreme 
Court and of state, supreme, and 
superior courts, are addressed in 
writing with "Hon.," name, and name 
of office, but spoken of as "Mr. 

Justice ." Officers of the^rmy 

and navy are addressed in writing by 
name followed with title of highest 
rank attained, and, if in command of 
a military division, naval squadron 
on station, or on the retired list, by 
designation of the fact, such as 
" Major General, U.S.A., com- 
manding military division of the 

Atlantic"; " Rear-Admiral, U.S. 

N., commanding Atlantic Squadron"; 

" General U.S.A. Retired." All 

official communications of the Govern- 
ment begin "Sir," and close "Respect- 
fully." < 

Recipients of regular and honorary 

degrees should be addressed in writing 

by name, followed by abbreviation of 

shall be granted by the Government, degree in the order A.B., A.M., Ph.D. 



and that no person holding any office 
of profit or trust under it, shall, with- 
out the consent of Congress, accept 
any title, etc., from any king, prince, 
or foreign state. The President of the 
Ignited States and the Governor of 
Massachusetts are the only citizens 
possessing as officials a title by legis- 
lative act, and in both cases the word 
is "Excellency." Governors of other 
states are given the same title by 
courtesy. When either of these is 



M.D., D.D., LL.D. A physician or 
surgeon is spoken of and to as "Dr. 

-"; clergyman is addressed in 

writing and spoken of usually as 
"The Rev. — — ," spoken to as '"Mr. 

"; if a doctor of divinity he may 

be addressed in writing as " , 

D.D.," or "The Rev. , D.D.," 

and spoken to and of as "Dr. ." 

A Roman Catholic cardinal is addressed 
in writing and spoken of as "His 
Eminence , Cardinal (Bishop 



addressed in writing or officially spoken Priest, or Deacon according to rank, 
of, the form is "His Excellency the of the Holy Roman Church," and 
President of the United States," or spoken to as "Your Grace"; an 
"His Excellency the Governor of archbishop and bishop may be similarly 
"; and when spoken to "Your addressed as "The Most Rev. , 

897 
Die. 69 



Dictionary of Forms of Address 



D.D., Archbishop of ," and "The ignore titles as far as propriety will 

» R i e „ V -th7-pro^t B &p°ai P Tis to be noted, that in British 

&. caries, officially a S ^ ; ^Z^&&S?.^. 
SSW? ""andlny ^nSTn^ &£ ^e \ "f -^W 

and the most cultured citizens is to rightfully use. 



DICTIONARY OF GOLF 



addressing one's self to the ball, 

getting into proper position for a 
successful stroke. 
approach shot, driving the ball to 
the putting green. 

B 

bamng, striking the ground immedi- 
ately behind the ball. 

baffing spoon, shortest club of the 
spoon group; gives great elevation; 
ball does not roll far from where it 
falls; club once popular now grow- 
ing obsolete. 

brassey, club similar to the niblick, 
but with the sole of the head shod 
with a plate of brass. 

bulger, club with bulging face; 
keeps balls low and makes them 
travel straight. 

bye, unplayed hole after a match is 
finished. 



caddie, person who carries a players' 
clubs and follows the course of the 
ball. 

carry, the distance from where a ball 
is struck to where it falls. 

cleek, club with iron head, used for 
long approaches over hazardous 
ground and when playing a ball out 
of long grass and sandy soil. 

club, instrument for striking the ball, 
made of wood, wood with a brass 
sole, and iron only. 

course, that portion of the links on 
which the game is properly played, 
usually bounded by rough ground 
or other hazards. 

cup, a metal tube or circlet inserted 
in the holes. 

D 
dead ball, a ball so near the hole that 
the next putt is a certainty. 



divot, piece of turf cut out by an 
iron club. 

dormy, where one side has as many 
holes ahead as there remains holes 
to play. 

draw, to drive wildly to the left hand. 

driver, principal club; used for long 
distances and when driving off from 
the tee. 

driving iron, club used for long dis- 
tances and when considerable ele- 
vation of the ball is required. 

driving putter, club made to drive a 
very low ball against a heavy wind. 



fall dead, a ball that does not run 

after alighting. 
foozle, a bungling stroke. 
fore, a warning cry to any person in 

the way of the stroke. 
foursome, a match in which two 

play on each side, those on a side 

playing alternate strokes with the 

same ball. 



gobble, a rapid straight putt into the 
hole, such that otherwise the ball 
would have gone beyond it. 

grassed driver, club used to give 
elevation to the ball when struck. 

gutty, a gutta percha ball. 



H 



half one, handicap of a stroke de- 
ducted every second hole. 

half shot, less than a full swing. 

halved hole, a hole is halved when 
all strokes are equally divided be- 
tween the sides. 

halved match, a drawn game. 

hanging ball, one lying on a down- 
ward slope. 



Dictionary of Golf 



hazard, a bunker, or any artificial 
or natural obstacle on the course. 

heeling a ball, striking it with the 
heel of the club. 

hole, excavation about 4^£ inches in 
diameter and depth in which the 
cup is placed. Outgoing holes are 
generally marked with white and 
incoming ones with red flags. 

honor, the right of first play from the 
tee. 

horn, a piece of that or other sub- 
stance inserted in the sole of a club 
to prevent it splitting. 

hose, the socket into which the 
shaft is fitted. 



mashy or mashie, a cross between a 
niblick and a lofting iron. 

match play, where scores are reckoned 
by the holes. 

medal play, where scores are reck- 
oned by the strokes. 

medium, or ordinary iron, club 
used for shorter distances than the 
driving iron; also when "half" and 
"wrist shots" are required; lofts 
a ball more than the driving iron. 

middle spoon, club shorter than the 
long spoon and with stiff er shaft; a 
very straight driver. 

miss, the globe, failure to strike the 
ball; counts as a stroke. 



N 



iron niblick, heavy club with small neck, crook of the head of a club 
round head, used for extricating a where it joins the shaft. 



ball from hazards. 



jerk, when the club digs into the 
ground after striking the ball. 



niblick, club, spooned, with broad 
head, short from heel to toe ; used for 
dislodging ball from a hollow, rut, 
bunker, etc. 

nose, point or front part of the club 
head. 



lie, the inclination of a club when 
held ready for striking; ' also the 
good or bad location of a ball. 

lift, taking a ball out of a hazard 
and dropping it behind. 

like-as-we-lie, when both sides have 
■ played the same number of strokes. 

links, the reservation on which the 
game is played. 

lofting, elevating a ball. 

lofting iron, club used for "short 
approach shots," when a hazard 
has to be played over that is near a 
hole on the putting green. 

long spoon, club used to give eleva- 
tion to the ball in windy weather 
or when the ball falls into long grass. 



M 



made, as to player and his ball, when 
the ball is sufficiently near the hole 
to be played on to the putting green 
at next shot. 



odd, handicap given a weak opponent 
by deducting one or more strokes 
from his total at each hole; also 
where one plays a stroke more than 

■ his opponent. 

one off two (three, etc.), where one 
party plays two or more strokes 
more than the other, the next 
stroke of the latter. 



play club, wooden-headed club, wit 
full length shaft; used for drivin 
the ball the greatest distance an 
when the ball lies well. 

press, to attempt an unusually ha 
hit. 

putter, club used only on level put- 
ting greens around each hole, fo: 
"putting" the ball into the hole 

putting, making a stroke on the 
putting green. 

putting green, smooth, level, hard 



: 



900 



Dictionary of Golf 



piece of ground or turf, about 20 
yards square, around the different 
holes. 



swing, method of handling a club 
when about to strike. 



rub on the green, a good or bad 
interruption of the ball, which must 
be played from where it alights. 

run, to drive a ball along the ground 
toward the hole instead of lofting 
it; also the distance a ball goes 
after alighting. 



scare, where the club-head is attached 
to the shaft. 

schlaff, almost synonymous with 
barring. 

scratch player, one who plays with- 
out a handicap. 

screamer, an unusually long stroke. 

shaft, the handle of a club. 

short game, approaching and put- 
ting. 

short spoon, club shorter than the 
middle spoon; used for short drives. 

sole, the flat bottom of the club-head. 

spoons, wooden-headed clubs, long, 
middle, and short, with heads 
scooped so as to loft the ball. 

square, an even game; neither side 
being any holes ahead. 

stance, the place of the player's feet 
when about to make a stroke. 

steal, striking a ball cautiously so 
that it goes only to the hole. 

stroke, effort to hit a ball with a 
club, whether successful or not. 

stroke hole, hole or holes at which a 
stroke is given in handicapping. 

stymie, the location of an opponents' 
ball in direct line of another's play. 



tee, a pot of sand on which the ball 

is placed for the first stroke. 
teeing ground, area within which 

the ball must be teed. 
the like, in odds of handicap, a 

player's stroke after his opponent 

has played one more stroke than he. 
third, handicap of a stroke deducted 

every third hole. 
threesome, match in which one plays 

against two others, all using the 

same ball. 
toe, same as nose. 
topping, striking a ball above its 

center. 
two odds, the handicap given a weak 

opponent by deducting two strokes 

from his total at every hole. 



U 



undercutting, striking a ball below 

its center. 
up, said of a player when he has 

gained one or more holes on his 

opponent. 
upright, the proper inclination of a 

club when held ready for striking. 



W 



club 



prior 



waggle, the flourish of a 

to the upward swing. 
whins, furze, gorse, or other plant in 

line of play. 
whipping, the twine binding the 

head and handle of a club. 
wrist shot, less than a half shot; 

generally played with an iron club. 




901 



DICTIONARY OF LACROSSE 



A 

attack. See fielders. 

attacking position, players must 

have their left side toward the goal 

they are attacking. 

B 

ball, the one ball with which the 
game is played is of rubber sponge, 
not exceeding 8 inches in circumfer- 
ence nor 5 ounces in weight. 

ball at goal, the ball must be put 
through the goal from the front 
side to score. 

batting the ball, the right of a goal- 
keeper, while defending his goal 
within the goal crease, although pro- 
hibited from catching and throwing 
a ball with his hand, to bat it away 
with his hand or block it with his 

. crosse or body. 



catch, to scoop or pick up a ball with 
the crosse. 

center, the player in the center of 
the field. 

change of goals, opposing teams 
change goals at end of the first 
period. 

charging, rushing into an opponent 
after he has thrown the ball; pro- 
hibited. 

check, one player charging into an- 
other with both hands on the crosse 
so as to make the stick meet the 
body of his opponent; prohibited. 

cover point, the player directly in 
front of the point. 

crease. See goal crease. 

crosse, the instrument with which 
the game is played; of any desired 
length, but not over 12 inches in 
width; woven with catgut into a 
net; with meshes close enough to 
hold the ball freely. 



crosse-check. See check. 



defense. See fielders. 
dropping before opponent. See in- 
terference. 



facing, the placing by the referee of 
the ball between and touching the 
reverse surfaces of the crosses of the 
players facing at the starting or re- 
sumption of the game. 

field captain, a superintendent of 
the play chosen by each club. 

fielders, the First, Second and Third 
Attack and First, Second and Third 
Defense. 

foul, any infringement of the rules. 

free throw, where a player fouling 
and the one fouled are placed where 
they were at the moment of fouling, 
the player fouled having the ball on 
his crosse, and at the referee's order 
"play," each player is allowed to 
play in any manner allowed by the 
rules. 



game. See object of game. 

goal, referee's single-word decision 
that the ball passed through the 
goal according to rule. 

goal crease, a marked space 18 by 
12 feet inclosing a goal; goal poles 
placed 6 feet from the front and back 
lines and 6 feet from the front lines. 

goal keeper, the player who defends 
the goal. 

goal-netting, a pyramid-shaped net- 
ting attached to each set of poles and 
extending 7 feet back of the center 
of the goal, to prevent the passage of 
the ball put through the goal from 
the front. 



Dictionary of Lacrosse 



goals, each of the two goals consists 
of two poles erected 6 feet apart and 
6 feet out of ground, joined by a top 
cross-bar; placed 110 yards apart, 
and, if possible, 125 yards. 



H 



opponents' goal posts and to prevent 

such action. 
out of play, when a player loses his 

crosse. 
outside home and inside home, the 

players nearest the opponents' goal. 



holding an opponent. See inter- 
ference. 

holding back, purposely delaying 
the game; prohibited. 

holding the ball, allowable only on 
a crosse. 

home, either of the goals. 



play, the order of the referee for the 
beginning or the resumption of an 
interrupted play. 

point, position of the first player out 
from the goal. 



interference, deliberately kneeling, 
lying down, dropping in front of an 
opponent when both are in pursuit 
of the ball, or intervening in any 
manner between another player and 
an opponent he is pursuing; all 
prohibited. 

K 

kneeling. See interference. 

L 

lining-up, arranging the teams for 
play. Generally the opposing team 
is lined up along the field from goal 
to goal opposite the other team in 

- " reverse order, inside home being op- 
posite point, and so on down the field. 

lying down. See interference. 



M 



match, two 35 minute periods, with 
10 minutes' intermission. 

N 

no goal, referee's decision that the 
ball did not pass through the goal 
according to rule. 



object of game, to carry or throw 
the ball with the crosse between the 



referee, a disinterested official agreed 
upon by both clubs, who has general 
control of the game, decides on fouls 
and claims, and administers the 
rules. 



scooping, picking up the ball with 
the crosse. 

short team, a team deficient in 
twelve players; opponents may e- 
qualize the side, but each side must 
have at least 10 players. 

shouldering, striking an opponent 
from behind with the shoulder while 
he is running for or after reaching 
the ball; prohibited. 

stand, a call or whistle signal by the' 
referee when the ball is dead; no 
player must then move, unless 
directed otherwise by the referee, 
until the latter calls "play." 

starting the game. See facing. 

stick, another name for the crosse. 

striking, giving an opponent a blow 
with the cross or otherwise; pro- 
hibited. 

striking the ball, a player can strike 
the ball off of his opponent's crosse 
only with his own crosse. 



team, twelve players, regular; not 
less than 10 otherwise. 

tie-play, continuation of the play 
for 15 minutes after 10 minutes' in- 
termission; side scoring the most 



Dictionary of Lacrosse 






wins. In the event of a tie at 
the end of this time, the captains 
decide whether the game shall be 
postponed or playing continued till 
a goal is scored, or that it remains a 
tie. 

time, the blowing of the referee's 
whistle when a foul has been called, 
after which the ball must not be 
touched nor the players change posi- 
tions till the game is again started. 
If a foul has been claimed by either 
field captain and the game scored 
before the referee has had an oppor- 
tunity to call "time," the referee 
has the power to decide whether 
or not a foul has been committed. 

time-keepers, two officials appoint- 
ed, one by each field captain, to 
keep account of the time of the 
game, deduct for all stoppages in 
play, and record all time lost between 
games. 

toss, method of selecting the choice 
of goals. 

tripping, the use of the legs, feet, or 
cross to throw an opponent; pro- 
hibited. 



U 



goals and whose duty it is to decide 
whether or not a goal has been made 
according to rule. If a complaint is 
made and proven against an umpire 
the referee may remove him and ap- 
point another, setting aside and re- 
versing the decision complained of. 
When umpires are not appointed by 
consent of the clubs, it becomes the 
duty of the referee to appoint one 
or more umpires as may be required, 
but neither of them must be one of 
the parties objected to by either 
club. 



victory by default, award to a club 
when no opponents appear at ap- 
pointed time. 

violations, the prohibited use of 
threatening, profane or obscene 
language to any player or official 
during a match, and the striking of 
one player by another with a cross 
or otherwise, are punishable by the 
removal of the offender for the 
remainder of the match. 



W 



wrestling, wher a player grapples 
umpires, two officials, one for each with an opponent and entwines legs 
club, whose positions are behind the so as to throw him; prohibited. 






904 



DICTIONARY OF LAWN TENNIS 






ace, a point in scoring; also a good 

ball not returned to the court from 

which it came. 
advantage, the score of the winner 

of the next stroke after a deuce. 
advantage game, one in which a 

player has won a game after "deuce" 

has been called. 
all, in scoring, where players or sides 

are even. 



back to deuce, if the winner of an 
"advantage" loses the next stroke 
this score goes back to "deuce." 

backhand side, the reverse of the 
forehand side; in most cases, the 
left hand side. 

backhand stroke, the reverse of the 
forehand stroke. 

back-spin, a stroke which causes the 
ball to shoot and keep very low on 
striking the court. 

back-stop, a high netting or fence 
about 21 feet behind the base-line 
to prevent balls passing out of court. 

ball, a hollow rubber sphere, covered 
with smooth white cloth, cemented 
to the ball and then sewed; about 
23^2 inches in diameter and 2 ounces 
in weight. 

ball in play, the moment it leaves 
the server's racket, excepting when 
it drops into the net, or goes beyond 
the service line, out of court, or in 
the wrong court. 

base lines, lines marked at each end 
of the court parallel with the net. 

bisque, the smallest odds, giving the 
receiver an additional point to his 
score once in a set. 



cautions on play: keep your eye on 
the ball till you have hit it; always 



hit the ball with the center of the 
racket; in hitting the ball transfer 
the weight of your body from the 
right leg to the left one; do not try 
to hit the ball down into the service 
court; do not throw the ball up in 
front of you; to hit effectively al- 
ways stand under or in a line with 
the ball. 

change of sides, besides alternating 
as server and striker-out, the players 
change sides at the end of every set. 

chop service, where the ball is 
thrown a little higher than the 
shoulder, but well to the right, so 
that the player can hit it a severe 
downwardly glancing blow. 

court, the place of play; hard-rolled 
turf or ground, measuring 78 by 27 
feet for two players and 78 by 36 
for four. 



deuce, the score when both players 
win three strokes. 

doubles, a four-player game. 

drive, a stroke which hits the ball 
more or less horizontally when it 
has travelled a considerable dis- 
tance from the bouncing-point. 



fault, where the ball drops elsewhere 
than as noted under serving, or 
touches the server's partner or any- 
thing that he wears or carries; after 
a fault must again serve from the 
same court unless the fault was 
caused by service from the wrong 
court. 

fifteen, the score when the first 
stroke is won; also an odds of one 
stroke in each game. 

fifteen-all, the score of a point by 
each player or pair. 



905 



Dictionary of Lawn Tennis 



fifteen-forty, the score of one point 
by the server and three points by 
the striker-out. 

final, the last round in a match or 
tournament. 

forehand cut service, where the 
ball is cut across from left to right, 
finishing well out toward the right. 

forehand side, the side of a player, 
when facing the net, on which is the 
arm wielding the racket; in most 
cases, the right hand side. 

forehand stroke, a stroke made on 
the forehand side. 

forty, the score when the winner of 
the first and second strokes wins 
the third; also an odds of three 
strokes in each game. 

full volley, the same as volley. 



both 



let-ball, a ball that after service 
touches the net and then passes 
into the proper court; also one that 
meets other obstructions in flight. 

lifting drive, a stroke in which' the 
racket passes forwardly and up- 
wardly in an oblique direction 
across the intended flight of the 
ball, brushing violently against the 
ball at the impact. 

lob, a lofty stroke to carry the ball 
out of reach over an opponent's 
head. 

love, in scoring, means "nothing." 

love-game, one in which a player or 
pair fails to win a point. 

love-set, a set which a player or pair 
fails to win a game. 



M 



games all, the score where 
players win five games. 

ground stroke, one imparted after match, ordinarily, the best of three 
the ball has bounded from ground sets; professionally, the best of 
or court. five advantage sets. 



H 

half-court line, that which separ- 
ates the main court into two equal 
minor courts. 

half-fifteen, an odds giving one 
stroke at the beginning of the 
second, fourth, and each succeeding 
alternate game of a set. 

half-forty, an odds of two strokes in 
the first game, three in the second, 
etc. 

half-thirty, an odds of one stroke 
in the first game, two in the second, 
etc. 

half volley, a stroke which hits the 
ball almost immediately after it has 
bounced. 

handicap, the same as odds. 

hold of racket, the grip of the handle; 
should be near the end and firmly 
with the second, third, and fourth 
fingers, but the thumb and first 
finger should not be relaxed. 

K 

killed ball, one struck so violently 
that an opponent cannot return it. 



N 



net, a stout net dividing the court 
in the center and attached at each 
end to a post; net S}4 feet high at 
posts and 3 feet at center. 

no-ball, a "let"-ball. 



odds, advantages allowed a player 
unequal in skill to an opponent. 

owed odds, when such odds are given 
that a single stroke may win a game, 
the best player must make one or 
more strokes before he can score. 



pass stroke, one that sends the ball 

so that it strikes in court, passing 

an opponent at net. 
poaching, in doubles, taking a ball 

that should be taken by the partner. 
post, the wooden stake at each end 

of the net, driven 3 feet outside the 

side line. 



906 






Dictionary of Lawn Tennis 



racket, the instrument with which 
the ball is handled; usually made of 
ash, Spanish cedar, and black wal- 
nut, with a stiff mesh of cat-gut. 

rest, a bout, round, or rally. 

return, to take the ball on the racket 
after its rebound and throw it across 
the net. 

reverse overhead cut service, where 
the ball is cut across at the moment 
of impact from right to left. 



scoring, the game comprising four 
strokes by a player, the score for 
the first stroke won is called "fif- 
teen," for the second "thirty," for 
the third "forty," and for the last 
"game," for convenience the "forty" 
score is usually called "forty-five." 

server, the player who makes the 
first stroke in a game. 

service lines, lines marked on each 
side of the net, parallel with it and 
21 feet distant. 

serving, in play the server stands 
with one foot outside of the base 
line and the other on or in a per- 
pendicular line above it; delivers 
the ball from the right to the left 
courts, beginning from the right, 
alternately; and the ball must 
drop between the service line, half- 
court line, and side line of the 
court, diagonally opposite to the 
side of delivery. 

set, the best of eleven games; won 
by the player who first wins six 
games. 

side lines, lines connecting the base- 
lines. 

singles, a two-player game. 

smash, to strike down with much 
force a lobbed ball. 
- striker-out, the player to whom the 
server delivers the ball in the first 
stroke of a round. 



strokes lost, either player loses a 
stroke if in returning a ball in play 
it touches a part of the net, his 
person, or anything he wears or 
carries, excepting the racket in the 
act of striking, or is struck by the 
racket more than once, or if the 
player touch the net or any of its 
supports while in play, or if he 
volleys the ball before it has passed 
the net. 

strokes won, the server wins a stroke 
if the striker-out volleys the ball 
or fails to return it, or returns it in 
play so that it drops outside his 
opponent's court; the striker-out 
wins a stroke if the server serve 
two consecutive faults, fails to re- 
turn the ball in play, or returns it 
so that it drops outside or his op- 
ponent's court. 



tappy, a light stroke, giving a poor 
service. 

thirty, the score when the winner of 
the first stroke wins the second; 
also an odds of two strokes in each 
game. 

three-handed game, one in which 
the odd player serves in each alter- 
nate game. 

top-spin, drawing the racket across 
the ball with a forward roll, so that 
after crossing the net it drops into 
the court. 



vantage, another term for advantage. 
volley, to take a ball on the racket 
before it touches ground. 



W 



weight in stroke, transfer of the 
weight of the body from the back 
to the front foot, to increase the force 
of the arm. 




907 



DICTIONARY OF MILITARY AND NAVAL 

TERMS 



abatis or abattis, a breastwork of 
felled trees laid side by side in a 
trench with branches pointing to- 
ward an enemy to impede progress. 

admiralty court, a tribunal for 
hearing and deciding causes arising 
on the high seas. 

adventure, the act of hazarding a 
cargo liable to be seized or sunk by 
an enemy's ship. 

aeroplane, a flying machine differing 
from an airship or balloon, used for 
scouting and bomb-dropping. 

airmen, persons operating airships. 

alien belligerency, the relation of a 
person born in a country different 
from that in which he resides to a 
country with which his own is at war. 

Arisakae, the standard rifle of the 
Japanese army. 

armistice, a cessation of hostilities 
for time to bury the dead, negotiate 
for peace, or other purpose, during 
which no combatant must acquire 
an advantage over an opponent. 

armored cruiser, a warship classified 
just below a battleship and above a 
gunboat, and having side and deck 
armor. 



B 



Bashi-bazouk, an irregular Turkish 
soldier, recruited chiefly in Asiatic 
Turkey; noted for ferocity. 

battleship, a warship classified just 
below the modern dreadnaught. 

belligerent, a nation or person en- 
gaged in war. 

biplane, an aeroplane with two sup- 
porting surfaces. 

blockade, the closing of an enemy's 
harbor by warships; to be binding it 
must be effective. 



blockade runner, a vessel that tries 
to enter or leave a blockaded port. 

broadside, the discharge at one time 
of all guns on one side of a warship. 



caisson, the box in which army 
ammunition is carried. 

caliber, the internal diameter of a 
gun. 

canister, a metal case, loaded with 
bullets, which bursts after being 
fired. 

capitulation, surrender. 

carbine, a short firearm, somewhat 
similar to an infantry rifle. 

cheveaux-de-frise, a long piece of 
timber traversed by rows of pointed 
stakes and placed to impede the 
progress of an enemy, to barricade 
an approach, or to close a breach. 

circumvallation, a rampart or other 
fortification constructed around a 
besieged place. 

colors, the national flag of a country 
or of a division of its army; a "call 
to the colors" is a summons to 
military duty. 

contraband of war, various articles 
that would aid a belligerent, and 
which neutrals are prohibited from 
supplying to either party; classified 
as conditional and unconditional. 

convoy, a military or naval force 
assigned to accompany another force 
to insure greater protection. 

Cossack, one of a military tribe 
guarding certain frontiers of Russia; 
skilled as a cavalryman. 

court martial, a court of military 
officers to try offenders against 
military laws, usages, etc. 

court of inquiry, a court appointed 
to investigate charges against mili- 
tary or naval officers. 



Dictionary of Military and Naval Terms 



e 



cul de sac, the bottom of a bag; in 
warfare, the position of troops in a 
narrow place whence there is no 
escape except at the front. 



deploy, to spread a body of troops in 

forming a line of battle. 
destroyer, the same as torpedo-boat 

destroyer. 
detrain, disembarkation of troops 

from a train. 
dragoon, a soldier trained to fight on 

foot or mounted. 
dreadnaught, a modern warship 

classified between a battleship and 

a super-dreadnaught. 



echelon, the arrangement of divisions 
of an army on different lines, present- 
ing the form of steps, to enable it 
to protect at one time one or both 
flanks and the front. 

enfilade, to fire a shot through the 
whole extent of an enemy's fortifica- 
tion or line of men. 

entrain, embarkation of troops on a 
train. 

epaulement, a breastwork raised to 
defend the flank of a position or 
troops from an attacking force. - 



feint, a sham movement by a military 
or naval force intended to deceive 
an enemy as to a real purpose. 

field- marshal, the highest ranking 
officer in various European armies. 

field officers, the colonel, lieutenant- 
colonel, and major of a regiment. 

flag of truce, a white flag borne from 
the position of one combatant to- 
ward that of an enemy to indicate 
a desire for a parley; it and its 
bearers are immune from attack. 

flank, the extreme right or left of the 
line of an army; in fortifications 
any part capable of defending 
another part by its fire. 

fleet, the largest division of warships, 



comprising an indefinite number of 
the various types of vessels. The 
U. S. navy has three fleets, the At- 
lantic, Pacific, and Asiatic, each 
with numerous reserves. 

flying artillery, a battery manned 
by soldiers trained to move with 
great rapidity. 

forlorn hope, a desperate under- 
taking, with slight or no chance of 
success. 

Franc-tireur, a French soldier, orig- 
inally engaging in guerilla warfare, 
now a part of the regular army. 



gabion, a wicker-work cylinder, open 
at each end and filled with earth; 
used for revetting the slopes of field 
works. 

Gatling gun, an American machine- 
gun in which cartridges are auto- 
matically loaded into a group of 
barrels and fired successively. See 
mitrailleuse. 

grenade. See hand-grenade. 



H 



hand-grenade, a small bomb thrown 

by hand upon an enemy; used in 

defending fortifications. 
Hussar, a lightly armed and mounted 

soldier of Hungary, adapted to 

harass an enemy. 
hydro-aeroplane, an airship capable 

of floating on the surface of water. 



I 



intern, to confine a body of captured, 
surrendered, or fugitive troops to a 
particular place outside their own 
country till the end of a war; also 
to treat a captured, surrendered, or 
fugitive warship similarly. 



Lebel, the standard rifle of the French 

army. 
Lee-Enfield, the standard rifle of the 

British army. 



Dictionary of Military and Naval Terms 



belligerent in a war between nations, 
and which by legal proclamation 
prohibits its citizens from aiding in 
any manner the belligerents. 



standard 



with 



M 

magazine, the place on a warship or 
in a fortification where the ammuni- 
tion is kept. 

Mannlicher, the standard rifle of 
the Austrian, Bulgarian, Greek, and 
Rumanian armies. 

marine corps, in the U. S. navy a 
body of special soldiers attached to 
all large ships for occupying hostile 
territory in advance of an army 
detachment. 

martial law, military authority ex- 
ercised under the laws and usages 
of war; also in cases of insurrection, 
severe rioting, etc. 

Mauser, the standard rifle of the Ger- 
man, Servian, Spanish, and Turkish R 
armies. 

militarism, the policy which leads rating, a scale of classification for 
nations to maintain great standing warships. In the U. S. navy dis- 
armies, navies, and fortifications. V placement is now the only tonnage 

military mast, a hollow, interlaced standard of rating. 



Paravicino-Carcano, the 

rifle of the Italian army. 

protected cruiser, a cruiser 
deck armor only. 

provost-marshal, an officer of an 
army or navy appointed to super- 
intend the execution of martial law; 
similar to a chief of police in a city 
or a sheriff in a county, but with 
summary authority. 



or skeleton steel tower erected on 
battleships, with a_ fighting top 
reached through the interior. 

military top, a turret or inclosure of 
steel attached to the mast of a war- 
ship, and mounted with rapid-fire 
guns. 

mine planter, a vessel constructed 



relative rank, that which exists by 
law between high officers in an army 
and navy. In the United States 
generals rank equal with admirals, 
lieutenant-generals with vice-ad- 
mirals, major-generals with rear- 
admirals, and brigadier-generals with 
commodores. 



especially for placing mines in the reprisal, the retaking from an enemy 



of the property he has seized or 
the capture of other property, to 
pay for the damage he has done. 



harbors or on the seacoasts of an 

enemy. 
mine sweeper, a vessel built for 

searching for and picking up floating 

and other mines. 5 

Mitrailleuse, a French machine gun 

in which the loaded barrels are safe-conduct, a passport or a special 

discharged simultaneously instead of warrant of safety issued to individ 



successively as by the Gatling gun. 
N 

naval militia, in the United States 
a part of the national guard in 
several states, trained to man coast 
and harbor defense vessels in time 
of war. 

neutral, a person or nation that takes 
no side in a war. 

neutrality, the passive or armed 
state of a nation which favors no 



uals in war time and to captains 
of neutral ships. 

sapper, a soldier employed in digging 
trenches and tunnels for the protec- 
tion of troops or the undermining 
of an enemy's fortification. 

scout, a soldier, sailor, small boat, 
or airship detailed to ascertain the 
location, strength, and plans of an 
enemy. 

searchlight, an electric light on a 
warship, fortification, or exposed 
position, which, by being con- 



910 



_J 



Dictionary of Military and Naval Terms 



stantly revolved will disclose the 
approach of an enemy in darkness. 

secondary battery, the collection of 
guns subordinate to those of large 
caliber on a warship. 

shrapnel shell, one filled with bullets 
and an exploding charge. In the 
European war the principle was 
applied to bombs dropped from 
aircraft. 

sick-bay, the part of a warship 'used 
as a hositpal. 

sniper, one who, from a window, roof, 
tree, or other elevation, fires upon 
another below him. 

sortie, a dash by a beleaguered force, ' 
as a garrison, from a fortification or 
other defensive work. 

sovereign of the seas, an epithet 
applied to England because of the 
prevalence of her warships on all 
-of the world's seas. 

Springfield, the standard rifle of the 
U. S. army. 

spy, one who goes into the territory 
of an enemy to discover his position, 
strength, and plans; penalty of 
capture, death. 

squadron, a small division of war- 
ships, usually four in number; also 
a division of a regiment of cavalry. 

strategy, the use of artifice, deception, 
feints and other sharp practices to 
gain an advantage over an enemy. 

submarine, a war vessel constructed 
to operate under water by placing 
and discharging torpedoes. 

super-dreadnaught, the highest type 
of the modern warship. 

superimposed turret, a turret placed 



on top of another on a battleship 
and similarly armed. 



Taube, a type of German bomb- 
dropping airship. 

three-line-rifle, the standard rifle 
of the Russian army. 

three-mile-limit, the distance of 
three miles from the sea coast of a 
nation, over which the nation's 
neutrality extends, and within which 
its shipping is immune from attack 
by an enemy. 

torpedo-boat, a war craft constructed 
for the discharge of torpedoes 
against an enemy's ships. 

torpedo-boat-destroyer, a vessel 
designed to operate against torpedo- 
boats and other ships of an enemy. 

trench, a ditch of various depths, 
lengths, and directions, dug to cover 
the advance of a besieging force, or 
to check the advance of an enemy. 

turret, a revolving inclosure of heavy 
steel set on the deck of a battleship, 
and containing usually two guns of 
large caliber. 

U 

Uhlan, a Prussian light cavalry 
soldier, armed with sabre, lance, 
and pistol, and employed chiefly on 
outpost duty. 



Zeppelin, a German dirigible, pas- 
senger-carrying airship; used in the 
European war for dropping bombs. 



911 



DICTIONARY OF MOST COMMON 
ABBREVIATIONS 



A. or Ans. Answer. 

a. arc (of the French metric system). 

a. or @. At, or to. 

a. or aa. (Ana, Gr. ava) in Med., of 
each the same quantity. 

A.A. Associate of Arts. 

Aa. Aaron. 

AAA. (Amalgama) Amalgamation. 
[See AMM.] 

A. A. A. G. Acting Assistant Ad- 
jutant General. 

A. A. A. S. American Association for 
the Advancement of Science, Amer- 
ican Academy of Arts and Sciences. 

AA. C. Antarctic Circle. 

A. A. G. Assistant Adjutant Gen- 
eral. 

A. A. Q.M. Acting Assistant Quar- 
ter Master. 

A. A. Q.M. G. Acting Assistant 
Quarter Master General. 

A. A. S. American Academy of Sci- 
ences. 

A. A. S. (Academiae Americanse So- 
cius) Fellow of the American Acad- 
emy. 

A. A. S. S. (Americanse Antiquari- 
ans Societatis Socius) Member of 
American Antiquarian Society. 

A. B. Able-bodied seamen. 

A. B. (Artium Baccalaureus) Bach- 
elor of Arts. [SeeB. A.] 

Abb. Abbot, or Abbess. 

Abbr., or Abbrev. Abbreviated, or 
Abbreviation. 

A. B. C. F. M. American Board of 
Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 
sions. 

Ab ex. (Ab extra) From without. 

A. B. I. S. W. Associated Brother- 
hood of Iron and Steel Workers. 

A- B* K* (A\<f>a Bctci Kairira.) Alpha 
Beta Kappa (College Society). 

AW. Ablative. 

912 



Abp. Archbishop. 

Abr. Abridge, or Abridged. 

Abs.« (Med.) Absinthe. 

Abs. re. (Absente reo) Law. While 
the defendant was absent. 

A. C. (Ante Christum.) Before 
Christ. 

A. C. Army Corps. 

Ac. Acre. 

Acad. Mus. Academy of Music. 

Ace. Accusative. 

Ace, or acct. Account. 

Acct. Cur. Account Current. 

Acct. Sales. Account of sales. 

A. C. G. S. Acting Commissary Gen- 
eral of Subsistence. 

A. C. S. American Colonization So- 
ciety. 

A. C. S. Acting Commissary of Sub- 
sistence. 

Act. Active. 

A. C. U. L. Alden's Cyclopedia of 
Universal Literature. 

A. D. (Anno Domini) In. the Year 
of our Lord. 

a. d. After date. 

A. Acre, Acting, Adjective, After- 
noon, Alto. 

A. (Commerce) Accepted. 

Al. First class or rate. 

Ad. or Adv. Adverb, Advertisement. 

Adag. (Adagio) In Mus., a slow 
movement. 

A. D. C. Aide-de-Camp. 
Adam's Express. 
(Ad Infinitum) 






Without 



Ad. Ex. 
Ad. Inf 

limit. 

Ad. Int 
while. 

Adj. Adjective. 

Adjt. Adjutant. 

Adjt. Gen., or A. G. Adjutant Gen- 
eral. 

Ad. lib., or Ad. libit 
At pleasure. 

Adm. Admiral, Admiralty. 



(Ad Interim) In the mean- 



(Ad libitum) 




Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Adm. Co. Admiralty Court. 

Admr. Administrator, Administra- 
tion. 

Admx. Administratrix. 

A* A- <£• (AX<J>a AcXra 3>i) Alpha Delta 
Phi (College Society). 

Ad v. (Ad valorem) At the value. 

Adv. Advocate, Advent. 

JE.,orJEt. OEtatis.) Of age, Aged. 

Af ., or Afr. Africa, African. 

A. F. A. M. Ancient Free and Ac- 
cepted Masons. 

A. E. I. O. U. (Austriae est Imperare 
Orbi Universo, or Alles Erdreich 1st 
Oesterreich Unterthan) It is given 
to Austria to Rule the whole Earth. 
(The device of Austria first adopted 
by Frederick III.) 

A. G. Adjutant General, Accountant 
General. 

Ag. (Argentum.) Silver. 

Agr., Agri. or Agric. Agriculture. 

A. G. S. S. American Geographical 
and Statistical Society. 

Agt. Agent. 

A. H. (Anno Hegirse.) In the year 
of the Hegira, or flight of Mohammed. 

A. H. M. S. American Home Mission- 
ary Society. 

A. I. American Institute. 

A. I. A. Amercian Institute of Archi- 
tecture. 

A. I. G. Assistant Inspector General. 
{ Al. Aluminium. 
' Ala. Alabama. 

Alas. Alaska Territory. 

Aid. Alderman. 
< Alex. Alexander. 
' Alf. Alfred. 

Ali. (Alibi) Elsewhere. 
I Alt. Altitude. 

I Alum. Yalen. (Alumnus Yalensis) 
Alumnus of Yale College. 

A. M. (Artium Magister) Master of 
Arts. [See M. A.] (Ante Meridian) 
Before noon. (Anno Mundi) In the 
Year of the World. (Ante Mortem) 
Before death. 

Am. Amos. 

Am. or Amer. America, American. 

A. M. A. American Medical Asso- 
ciation. 

A. M. C. Alden's Manifold Cyclo- 
pedia. 



Am. Ant. Soc. American Antiqua- 
rian Society 

Am. Asn. Soc. Sci. American Asso- 
ciation for Advancement of Social 
Science. 

Am. Col. Soc. American Coloniza- 
tion Society. 

Am. Cyc. American Cyclopaedia. 

Am. Ex. American Express. 

Amer. Phar, Soc. American Phar- 
maceutical Society. 

A. M. G. Acting Major General. 

Amh. Coll. Amherst College. 

Am. L. of H. American Legion of 
Honor. 

AMM. (Amalgama) Amalgamation. 
[See AAA.] 

Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. American Mu- 
seum of Natural History. 

Am. Num. Arch. Soc. American 
Numismatic and Archaeological So- 
ciety. 

Am. Philog. Soc. American Philo- 
logical Society. 

Am. Phil. Soc. American Philo- 
sophical Society. 

Amt. Amount. 

Am. Vet. Coll. American Veterinary 
College (New York). 

An. (Anno). In the year. 

An., or Ans. Answer. 

Ana. (Med.) In equal quantity. 

An. A.C. (Anno Ante Christum) In 
the Year before Christ. 

Anal. Analysis. <, 

Anat. - Anatomy. 

Anat. Mus. Anatomical Museum. 

Anc. Ancient, Anciently. 

Anc. Hist. Ancient History. 

And. Andrew, Andre, Andrea. 

And. Theol. Sem. Andover Theolo- 
gical Seminary. 

Ang. (Anglice) In English. 

Ang.-Sax. Anglo-Saxon. 

Anno. Annotate, Annotation. 

Anon. Anonymous. 

Ans. Answer. 

Ant. or Antiq. Antiquity, or An- 
tiquities. 

Anth. Anthony. 

Anthr. Soc. Anthropological Society. 

A. O. F. Ancient Order of Foresters. 

A. O. H. Ancient Order of Hiber- 



Dic. 70 



913 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Aor. Aorist, Aoristic. A. S. A. American Statistical Asso- 

A. O. S. S. (Americanae Orientalis ciation. 

Societatis Socius) Member of the A. S., A-S., AS., A. Sax., or Ang.- 



American Oriental Society. 
A. O. U. W. Ancient Order of United 

Workmen. 
Ap. Apostle, April, Appius. 
Ap. (Apud) In the writings of, as 

quoted by. 
A . P. H. A. American Public Health 

Association. 
A. P. M. Assistant Pay Master. 
Apo. Apogee. 
Apoc. Apocrypha, Apocalypse. 



Sax. Anglo-Saxon. 

A. S. A. S. Member of the Ameri- 
can Statistical Association. 

A. S. C. E. A. American Society c 
Civil Engineers and Architects. 

A. S. P. C. A. American Society fo 
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 

Ass't'd. Assorted. 

Asst. Surg. Assistant Surgeon. 

A. S. S. U. American Sunday School 
Union. 

Astrol. Astrology. 



: 



Apen. Apennine 

Apr. April. Astron. Astronomy 

A pri. (A priori) From something A. T. S. American Tract _ Society 

prior. American Temperance Society. 

Aq. (Aqua.) Water. Ats. At suit of. 

A. Q. M. Assistant Quarter Master. Atty. Attorney. 
A. Q. M. G. Assistant Quarter Mas- Att.-Gen. Attorney-General. 

ter General. At. Wt. Atomic Weight. 

A. R. (Anno Regni). In the Year A. U. A. American Unitarian Associa- 






of the' Royal 



of the Reign 

A. R. A. Associate 
Academy. 

Arab. Arabic, Arabian. 

Arc. Circ. Arctic Circle. 

Arch. Architect, Architecture, Archi- 
bald. 

Archd. Archdeacon. 

Arg. Rep. Argentine Republic. 

A. R. H. A. Associate of the Royal 
Hibernian Academy. 

Arith. Arithmetic. 

Ariz. Arizona. 

Ark. Arkansas. 

Arn. Arnold. 

Arr. Arrived. 

A. R. R. (Anno Regni Regis, or Re- 
ginse). In the year of the King's 
or Queen's Reign. 

A. R. S. A. Associate of the Royal 
Scottish Academy. 

A. R. S. S. (Antiquariorum Regise 
Societatis Socius.) Fellow of 
Royal Society of Antiquaries. 

Art. Article, Artemus. 

Arth. Arthur, Arthurean. 

A. S. Academy of Science. 

A. S., or Assist. Sec. Assistant Sec- 
retary. 

A. S. Assistant Surgeon. 

As. Arsenic, Astronomy, Asia, Asiatic 

914 



tion. 

Aub. Theol. Sem. Auburn Theologi- 
cal Seminary. 

A. U. C. (Anno Urbis Conditse, o 
Ab Urbe Condita) In the Year from 
the Building of the City — (Rome) 

Aud. Treas. Dept. Auditor Treasury 
Department. 

Aug. August. 

Aur. (Aurum) Gold. 

Auth. Ver., or A. V. Authorized Ver 
sion (of the Bible). 

Av. Average, Avenue. 

Ave. Avenue. 

Avoir. Avoirdupois. 

A. Y. M. Ancient York Masons. 



sic) } Baron. 
[See A. B.l 



B. Base or Bass (in Music), Baro 
Book, Bay. 
the b. Born, Book. 

B. A. Bachelor of Arts. 

British America. 
Ba. Barium. 
Baa. Baal, Baalam. 
Bach. Bachelor. 
B. Agr. Bachelor of Agriculture, 
Bald. Baldwin. 
Bait. Baltimore. 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Bank. Banker, Banking. 

Bar. Barrel, Baruch, Barometer, Bar- 
rister. 

B. Arch. Bachelor of Architecture. 

Bart., or Bt. Baronet. 

Bat. Battery, Battalion. 

B. B. Bill Book. 

B. B. C. Base Ball Club. 

Bbl. Barrel, Barrels. 

B. C. Before Christ, Board of Con- 
trol. 

B. C. L. Bachelor of Civil Law. 

B. D. Bachelor of Divinity. 

Bd. Bound, Bond, Bound in. 

Bds. Boards. 

Be. (Beryllium) Glucinum. 

Beau. Beaufort, Beauregard. 

Benj. Benjamin. • 

Berks. Berkshire. 

Bev. Beverly. 

B. F., or B. fir. Firkin of Butter, 

B. I. British India. * 

Bi. Bismuth. 

Bib. Bible, Biblical. 

Biog. Biography. 

Bis. Bismarck, Bismuth, Bissextile. 

Bisc. Biscayan. 

Bk. Book, Bank. 

Bk. Comr. Bank Commissioner. 

Bk. Ex. Book Exchange. 

Bk.-Kr. Book-keeper. 

B. L. Bachelor of Laws. [See LL.B.]. 

B/L. (Com). Bill of Lading. 

BI., or Bis. Barrel, Barrels. 

B. Lit. (Baccalaureus Literarum) 
Bachelor of Letters. 

B. LL. (Baccalaureus Legum) Bach- 
elor of Laws. 

B. M. (Baccalaureus Medicinae) Bach- 
elor of Medicine. [See M. B.] 

B. M. (Beatse Memorise) Of Blessed 
Memory. 

B. M. E. Bachelor of Mechanical En- 
gineering. Bachelor of Mining En- 
gineering. 

B. Mech. Bachelor of Mechanics. 

B. Mus. Bachelor of Music. 

Bohem. Bohemian. 

Bon. Bonaparte. 

Bor. Borough, Boron. 

Bot. Bought. 

Bot. Botany, Botanical, Botanist. 

Boul. Boulevard. 

Bowd. Coll. Bowdoin College. 



Bp. Bishop. 

B/P. Bill of Parcels. 

B. Pay. Bills Payable. 

B. P. B. Bank Post Bills. 

B. P. O. Elks. Benevolent and Pro- 
tective Order of Elks. 

B. R. The King's or Queen's Bench 

Br. Brother, Bromine, Brig, 

Braz. Brazil, Brazilian. 

B. Rec. Bills Receivable. 

Brig. Brigade, Brigadier. 

Brig. Gen. Brigadier General. 

Brit. British, Britain, Britannia, Bri- 
tannicus. 

Brit. Mus. British Museum. 

Bro., Bros. Brother, Brothers. 

Brook. N. Y. Brooklyn Navy Yard. 

Br. Univ. Brown University. 

B. S., or B. Sc. Bachelor of Science. 

B/S. Bill of Sale. 

Bu., or Bush. Bushel. 

Bucks. Buckinghamshire. 

Burg. Burgomaster, Burgess. 

B. V. (Bene Vale) Farewell, (Beata 
Virgo) Blessed Virgin. 

B. Vet. Med. Bachelor of Veterinary 
Medicine. 

B. V. M. Blessed Virgin Mary. 

B. W. T. A. British Women's Tem- 
perance Association. 



C. Chairman, Carbon, Church. 

C. (Centum) A hundred Cent, Cen- 
time. 

C. (Congius) Gallon. 

C/ — . Currency, Coupon. 

Ca. (Circa) About. 

Ca. Centare (metric system). 

C. A. Commercial Agent, Comptrol- 
ler (or Controller) of Accounts, 
Chief Accountant, Chartered Ac- 
countant, Confederate Army. 

Ca. Canada, Canadian. 

Cadav. (Med.) Cadaver. 

Cal. Calcium, California. 

Cal. (Calendae) Calends, Calendar. 

Cam. (Med.) Camphor. _ 

Cam., or Camb. Cambridge. 

Camb. Obs. Cambridge Observa- 
tory. 

Can. Canada, Canon. 



915 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Cant. Canticles. * 

Cantab. (Cantabrigiensis) Of Cam- 
bridge. 

(Cantuarensis) Of Can- 



Cantuar. 

terbury. 
Cap., or 

Chapter. 



c. (Caput, Capitulum) 



C. G. S. Commissary General of Sub- 
sistence. 

C. H. Court House, Captain of the 
Host, Custom House. 

Ch. Church, Chapter, Charlotte, 
Charles. 

Cham. (Med.) Chamomile. 



Cap. Capitol, Capital, Capital Letter. Chamb. Chamberlain. 

Caps. Capitals. Chal., or Chald. Chaldron, Chaldee, 

Capt. Captain. Chaldaic, Chaldean. 

Capt. Gen. Captain General. Chamb. Encyc. Chambers' Encyclo- 

Car. Carat. paedia. 

Card. Cardinal. Chanc. Chancellor. 

Ca. Resp. (Capias ad respondendum) Chap. 



Char. 



Chapter, Chaplain. 
Charter. 
Charles. 
Chattel. 
Chemistry, Chemical, Chem- 



Chem. 

ist. 

Chey. Cheyenne. 

Chf. Chief. 

Chf. Con. Cftief of Construction. 

Chf. E., or Chf. Eng. Chief Engi- 
neer. 

Chf. Med. Pur. Chief Medical Pur- 



A legal writ 
C. A. S. Connecticuttensis Academiae Chas. 

Socius) Fellow of Connecticut Acad- Chat. 

emy. 
Ca. Sa. (Capias ad satisfaciendum) 

A legal writ. 
Cash. Cashier. 
Cast. Castle. 
Cat., or Catal. Catalogue, 
Cath. Catherine, Catholic, Cathedral. 
Cath. Inst. Catholic Institute. 
Caus. Causative. 
Cav. Cavalry. 
C. B. (Communis Bancus.) Common Chftn. Chieftain. 

Bench. Chi. (x) Greek Ch. 

C. B. Companion of the Bath, Cape Chin. Chinese. 

Breton. Chlo. Chloroform, Chloride. 

Cb. Columbium. fn., or Xn. Christian. 

C. C. Cubic Centimetre. fnty., or Xnty. Christianity. 

C. C. Caius College. (Compte Cour- Chr. Christopher, Christian. 

ante) Account Current, Crown fmas., or Xtnas. Christmas. 

Clerk, County Court, County Clerk 

Consular Clerk, County Commis- 
sioner. 
C. C. A. Chief Clerk of the Admiralty 



veyor. 
Chf. Ord. 



Chief of Ordnance. 



Chron. Chronicles. 
Cic. Cicero. 
Cin. Cincinnati. 
Cit. Citizen, Cited. 



C. C. C. Corpus Christi College, Civ. Civil, Civilian 



Christ's College, Cambridge 
C. C. P. Court of Common Pleas. 
Cd. Cadmium. 
Ce. Cerium. 

C. E. Civil Engineer, Canada East. 
Cel. or Celt. Celtic. 
Cen. Century, Centennial. 
Cent. (Centum) A hundred. 
Cf. (Confer) Compare. 
C. F. I 

ance. 



C. J. Chief Justice. 
CI. Clergyman, Chlorine, Clerk. 
CI. Centilitre (metric system). 
C. L. A. Chautauqua Lake Assem- 
bly. 
Class. Classical. 
Cleop. Cleopatra. 
Cleve. Cleveland. 
Cld. Cleared. 
Cost, Freight, and Insur- Clk. Clerk. 

C. L. S. C. Chautauqua Literary and 



-C. G. Commissary General, Captain Scientific Circle. 
^ of the Guard, Coast Guard. C. M. (Congregationis. Missionum) 

C. G. H. Cape of Good Hope. Vincentians or Lazarists. 

916 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



C. M. (Chirurgise Magister) Master Com. Inc. ^Committee on Incorpor- 

in Surgery, Certificated Master, ations. 

Common Metre. Comm. Commentary. 

C. M. G. Companion of the Order Com. M. and R. Committee on 

of St. Michael and St. George. Manual and Roll. 

Co. Company, County, Cobalt. Com. Merch. Commission Mer- 

C. O. Colonial Office, Crown Office, chant. 

Criminal Office. Com. Mil.'Aff. Committee on Mili- 



Coad. (Cum jure sue.) Coadjutor, 

with right of succession. 
Coad. Bp. Coadjutor Bishop. 



tary Affairs. 
Commo. Commodore. 
Com. Off. Commissioned Officer. 



Coch., or Cochl. (Cochleare) A Comp. Compare, Compound, Com- 
teaspoonful, a spoonful. positor, Composition, Comparative, 

C. O. D. Cash (or collect) on de- Compounded. 

livery. Compar. Comparative. 

Cog. Cognate, Cognate with. Com. Pard. Commissioner of Pardons. 

Col. Colonel, Colossians, Colorado, Com. Pub. Gds. and Bldgs. Corn- 
Column, Colonial, Color. mittee on Public Grounds and 
Col. Corp. Color Corporal. Buildings. 

Col. Gd. Color Guard. Com. R. R. Committee on Rail- 

Coll. Collector, Colleague, College, roads. 

Collection. Com. Sen. Committee of the Sen- 

Coll., or Colloq. Colloquial, Collo- ate. 



quially. 
Colo. Colorado. 
Col. Sergt. Color Sergeant. 



Com. Sergt. 
Com. S. P. 

Prison. 



Commissary Sergeant. 
Committee on State 



Com. Commerce, Committee, Com- Com. Unf. Bus. Committee on 

mentary, Commissioner, Commo- Unfinished Business. 

dore, Commune, Community, Com. Ver. Common Version (of the 

Common, Commoner, Commission, Bible). 

Communication. Con. (Contra) Against, in oppo- 

Com. Agric. Committee on Agri- sition 

culture, Commissioner of Agricul-' Con. Constitution, Constantinople, 

ture. Concordance, Contract. 

Com. Arr. Committee of Arrange- Conch. Conchology. 

ments. Con. Cr. Contra credit. 

Com. Bk. Committee on Banks. Cong. Congress, Congregation, Con- 
Com. Cont. Elec. Committee on gregationahst. 

Contested Elections. Cong. Lib. Congressional Library. 

Com. Cont. Ex. Committee on Cong. Rec. Congressional Record. 

Contingent Expenses. Conj. Conjunction. 

Com. Dept. Commissary Depart- Conn., Conn't., Con., or Ct. Con- 

ment. * necticut. 

Comdg. Commanding. Con. Sect. Conic Sections. 

Comdt. Commandant. Cons, et Prud. (Consilio et Pru- 

Com. Ed. Committee on Education. dentia) By counsel and prudence. 
Com. Fin. Committee on Finance. Cons. Mus. Conservatory of Music. 
Com. Fin. Adj. Committee on Final Cont. (Contra) On the other hand. 

Adjournment. Cont. Bon. Mor. (Contra bonos 

Com. For. Rel. Committee on For- mores) Against good manners. 

eign Relations. Contr. Contradict, Contraction. 

Com. Gov. Mes. Committee on Conv. Convent. 

^Governor's Message. 9 Cop. Copper, Copernican. 

Com. H. Committee of the House. Cop., or Copt. Coptic. 

917 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Cor. Correspondent, Correction, Co- 
rinthians, Coroner. 

Cor. Mem. Corresponding Member. 

Corn. Univ. Cornell University. 

Corol. Corollary. 

Corr. Corrupt, Corruption. 

Cor. Sec. Corresponding Secretary. 

Cos. Cosine. 

Coss. (Consules) Consuls. 

C. P. Common Pleas, Chief Patri- 
arch, Court of Probate, Clerk of 

C. P. C. ' Clerk of the Privy Council. 

C. P. S. (Custos Privati Sigilli) Keep- 
er of the Privy Seal. 

C. R. (Custos Rotulorum) Keeper 
of the Rolls. (Civis Romanus) A 
Roman Citizen. (Carolus Rex) King 
Charles. (Carolina Regina) Queen 
Caroline. 

Cr . Creel it or , Credit , Chromium , Crown . 

Cres. (Mas.) Crescendo. 

Cri. Crime, Crimean. 

Crim. Criminal, Criminally. 

Crim. Con. Criminal Conversation 
or Adultery. 

C. R. P. (Calendarium Rotulorum 
Patentium) Calendar of the Patent 
Rolls. 

Crystal., or Crystallog. Crystalog- 
raphy. 

t, or X. Cross. 

fJohn (or other name). The signa- 
ture of a Roman Catholic Bishop. 

Cs. Caesium. 

C. S. Court of Sessions, Commissary 
of Subsistence. 

C. S. (Custos Sigilli) Keeper of the 
Seal. 

C. S. A. Confederate States of Amer- 
ica, Confederate States Army. 

C.S.I. Companion of the Star of India 

C. S. N. Confederate States Navy. 

C. S. O. Chief Signal Officer. 

Ct. Cent. (Centum) A hundred. 

Ct. Connecticut, Court, Count. 

C. T. Certificated Teacher. 

C. Theod. (Codex Theodosianus) 
The Theodosian Code. 

Cts. Cents. 

Cu. (Cuprum) Copper. 

Cumd/ — . With dividend. 

Cur., or Curt. Current (i.e., this 
month). 



Cwt. (Lat. Centum, a hundred, and 

Eng. weight) Hundred weight. 
Cyc. Cyclopedia. 
Cym. Cymric. 



D. David, Duke, Duchess, Dowager, 
Didymium, Dutch, Dose. 

D. Day, Died, Dine, Deputy, Daugh- 
ter, Degree. '(Denarius, or Denarii) 
A penny, or pence. 

D. Five hundred. 

D. A. G. Deputy Adjutant General. 

Dak. Dakota. 

Dan. Daniel, Danish. 

Dart. Coll. Dartmouth College. 

Dat. Dative. 

D. B., or Domesd. B. Domesday Book. 

Dbk. Drawback. 

D. C. Deputy Consul. (Da Capo) 
Again, or From the beginning. 

D. C. District of Columbia. 

D. C. L. Doctor of Civil (or Canon) Law. 

D. D. Doctor of Divinity. 

d/d — . Day's date. 

D. D. S. Doctor of Dental Surgery. 

Del. Delaware. 

Dea. Deacon. 

Dec. December, Declaration, Declen- 
sion. 

Decid. Deciduous. 

Def . Definition. 

Deft. Defendant. 

Deg. Degree, or degrees. 

Del. Delaware, Delegate. 

Del. (Delineavit) He (or she) drew 
it — appended to the draughtsman's 
name. 

Dem. Democrat, Democratic. 

Den. Denmark. 

Dent. Dentist. 

Dep. Deputy, Department. 

Dep. Q. M. G. Deputy Quarter- 
master General. 

Dept. Department, Deponent. 

Deriv. Derivative, Derivation. 

Deut. Deuteronomy. 

D. F. Dean of the Faculty. (Fidei 
Defensor) Defender of the Faith. 

Dft. Draft, Defendant. 

D. G. (Dei gratia) By the Grace 
of God. (Deo gratias) Thanks to 
God. 



918 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



dg. Decigram (metric system). 

Dg. Dekagram (metric system). 

D. H. Dead Head. 

D. H. L. (Literarum Humaniomm 
Doctor) Doctor of Polite Literature. 
[See L.H. D.] 

Di. Didymium. 

Diam. Diameter. 

Diet. Dictator, Dictionary. 

Dim. Diminutive, Diminution. 

Dim. (Mus.) Diminuendo. 

Dioc. Diocese, Diocesan. 

Dioc. Sem. Diocesan Seminary. 

Dis. Distance, Distant. 

Dis., Disc, or Disct. Discount. 

Dist. District. 

Dist. Atty. District Attorney. 

Div. Divide, Divided, Division, Di- 
vidend, Divisor. 

Dl. • Dekalitre (metric system.) 

D. Lit. (Literarum Doctor) Doc- 
tor of Literature. 

D. L. O. Dead Letter Office. 

Dm. Dekametre (metric system). 

D. M. D. Doctor Dental Medicine. 

Do. (Ditto.) The same. 

Dol., Dols., $. Dollars. 

D. O. M. (Deo Optimo Maximo) To 
God, the best, the greatest. 

Dom. Dominion. 

Dom. Econ. Domestic Economy. 

Dom. Prel. Domestic Prelate. 

Doz. Dozen. 

D. P. Doctor of Philosophy. [See 
P.D. and Ph.D.] 

D. P. O. Distributing Post Office. 

Dpt. Deponent. 

Dr. Debtor, Doctor, Dram. 

Dram. Pers. Dramatis Personae. 

d/s. Days' Sight. 

D. S. (Dal Segno) From the sign. 

D. S. Dekastere (metric system). 

D. Sc. Doctor of Science. 

D. V. (Deo volente) God willing. 

Dwt. (Lat. Denarius and Eng. 
weight) Pennyweight, or Penny- 
weights. 



E. East, Eastern, Earl, Edinburg, 

Erbium. 
Ea. Each. 
Eb. Erbium. 



E. B. English Bible. 

Eben. Eteenezer. 

E. by S. East by South. 

Ebor. (Eboracum) York. Eboracen- 
sis) Of York. 

E. C. Eastern Central (Postal Dis- 
trict, London), Established Church. 

Eccl. Ecclesiastes, Ecclesiastical. 

Eccl. Hist. Ecclesiastical History. 

Ecclus. Ecclesiasticus. 

Ed. Editor, Edition. 

E. D. Eastern District (of Brooklyn, 
N. Y.). 

Edin. Edinburgh. 

Edit. Edition. 

Edm. Edmund. 

Eds. Editors. 

Edw. Edward, Edwin. 

E. E. and M. P. Envoy Extraordi- 
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

E. Fl. Ells Flemish. 

E. Fr. Ells French. 

e. g. or ex. gr. (exempli gratia) For 
example. 

Egypt. Egyptians. 

E. I. East Indies or East India. 

E. I. C. or E. I. Co. East India 
Company. 

E. I. C. S. East India Company's 
Service. 

Eliz. Elizabeth. 

E. Long. East Longitude. 

E. M. Mining Engineer. (Equitum* 
Magister) Master of the Horse. 

Em. Emma, Emily, Emmanuel. 

Emp. Emperor, Empress, Empire. 

Ency. or Encyc. Encyclopaedia. 

Encyc. Amer, Encyclopaedia Amer- 
icana. 

Encyc. Brit. Encyclopaedia Britan- 
nica. 

E. N. E. East-Northeast. 

Eng. England, English. 

Eng. Cyc. English Cyclopaedia. 

Engin. Engineering. 

Eng. in Chief. Engineer-in- Chief . 

Ens. Ensign. 

Ent., or Entom. Entomology. 

Env. Ext. Envoy Extraordinary. 

Ep. Epistle. _ 

Eph. Ephesians, Ephraim. 

Ephes. Ephesians. 

Epis. Episcopal. 

Eq. Equal, Equivalent. 



919 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 






Equiv. Equivalent. 

E. S. Ells Scotch. • 

Esd. Esdras. 

E. S. E. East-Southeast. 

Esp. Especially. 

Esq. or Esqr. Esquire. 

Esq. or Esqs. Esquires 

Est. Estate, Estimate. 

Estab. Established, Establishment. 

Esth. Esther. 

E. T. English Translation. 

et al. (Et alii, or aliae) And others. 
(Et alibi) And elsewhere (some- 
times improperly written et als.). 

Etc., or &c. (Et cseteri, caeterse, or 
caetera) And other things, and so 
forth. 

Eth. Ethiopic. 

et seq. (Et sequentia, or et sequentes) 
And what follows, and the follow- 
ing. 

Etym. Etymology. 

Evang. Evangelical, Evangelist. 

Ex. Example, Exception, Exodus. 

Exc. Excellency, Exception. 

Exch. Exchequer, Exchange. 

Ex. cp., or xcp. Excoupon. 

Ex. d., or x/d. Exdividend. 

Exec. Executor. 

Exec. Com. Executive Committee. 

Execx. Executrix. 

ex. g. (exempli gratia) For example. 

Exod. Exodus. 

Exon. (Exonia) Exeter. 

Exr., or Exx. Executor, Executrix. 

Ezek. Ezekiel. 



F. France, Folio, Fellow, Fluorine, 
Friday, Fahrenheit. 

F. Feminine, Franc, Francs, Florin, 
Florins, Farthing, Foot, Feet. 

F. A. A. Free of all Average. 

F. A. A. A. S. Fellow of the Ameri- 
can Association for the Advance- 
ment of Science. 

Fahr. Fahrenheit. 

Fair. Fairfield, Fairhaven, Fairmont, 
Fairview. 

F. A. M. Free and Accepted Masons. 

F. A. S. Fellow of the Antiquarian 
Society. 



F. A. S. E. Fellow of the Antiquarian 
Society of Edinburgh. 

F. B. S. Fellow of the Botanical Soci- 
ety. 

F. C. Free Church (of Scotland). 

Fcap., or fcp. Foolscap. 

F. C. P. Fellow of College of Pre- 
ceptors. 

F. C. P. S. Fellow of the Cambridge 
Philosophical Society. 

F. C. S. Fellow of the Chemical So- 
ciety. 

F. D. (Fidei Defensor, or Defensa- 
trix) Defender of the Faith. 

Fe. (Ferrum) Iron. 

F. E. Flemish Ells. 

Feb. February. 

Fee. (Fecit) He did it. 

F. E. I. S. Fellow of the Educational 
Institute of Scotland. 

Fern. Feminine. 

Fern. Ac, or Acad. Female Academy. 

F. E. S. Fellow of the Entomological 
Society, Fellow of the Ethnological 
Society. 

Feud. Feudal. 

F. F. P. S. Fellow of the Faculty of 
Physicians and Surgeons (Glasgow). 

F. F. V. First Families of Virginia 
(humorous) . 

ff. Following. 

F. G. A. Foreign General Average. 

F. G. S. Fellow of the Geological So- 
ciety. 

F. H. S. Fellow of the Horticultural 
Society. 

Fid. Def. (Fidei Defensor, or Defen- 
satrix) Defender of the Faith. 

fi. fa. (Fieri facias) Cause it to be 
done. 

Fig. Figure, Figures, Figurative, 
Figuratively. 

Finn. Finnish. 

Fir. Firkin. 

F. K. Q. C. P. I. Fellow of King and 
Queen's College of Physicians in 
Ireland. 

Fl. Flemish, Flourished, Florin, Flo 
ins. 

Fla. Florida. 

Fl. E. Flemish Ellin. 

Flor. Florence. 

F. L. S. Fellows of the Lnaean So 
ety. 






920 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



F. M. Field-marshal. 

Fo., or fol. Folio. 

F. O. Field-officer. 

F. O. B. Free on Board. 

For. Foreign. 

For. Sec. Foreign Secretary. 

Fort. Fortification. 

F. P. A. Free of Particular Average. 

F. P. S. Fellow of the Philological 
Society. 

Fr. Franc, Francs, French, France, 
Fragment, Francis, Friar, Frank. 

fr. From. 

Frankl. Inst. Franklin Institute, 
Philadelphia. 

F. R. A. S. Fellow of the Royal As- 
tronomical Society. 

F. R. C. P. Fellow of the Royal 
College of Physicians: E., of Edin- 
burgh. 

F. R. C. S. Fellow of the Royal Col- 
lege of Surgeons: E., of Edinburgh; 
I., of Ireland; L., of London. 

Fr. E. French Ells. 

Fred. Frederick. 

Freq. Frequentative. 

F. R. G. S. Fellow of the Royal Geo- 
graphical Society. 

Fri. Friday. 

F. R. S. Fellow of the Royal Society. 

F. R. S. S. A. Fellow of the Royal 
Scottish Society of Arts.. 

Frs. Frisian, or Frisic. 

F. R. S. E. Fellow of the Royal Soci- 
ety, Edinburgh. 

F. R.S.L. Fellow of the Royal 
Society, London, Fellow of the 
Royal Society of Literature. 

F. S. A. Fellow of the Society of 
Arts, or of Antiquaries; I., of Ire- 
land; L., of London. 

F. S. A. E. Fellow of the Society 
of Antiquaries, Edinburgh. 

F. S. S. Fellow of the Statistical 
Society. 

Ft. Fortification. 

Ft. Foot, Feet, Fort. 

F.T. C. D. Fellow of Trinity Col- 
lege, Dublin. 

Fth. Fathom. 

Fur. Furlong. 

Fut. Future. 

F. Z. S. Fellow of the Zoological 
Society. 



G. Glucinum, Genitive. 

G. Guineas, Guinea, Gulf. 

G. A. General Assembly. 

Ga. Georgia 

Gael. Gaelic. 

Gal. Galatians, Galen. 

Gal. Gallon, Gallons. 

Galv. Galvanism, Galvanic. 

G. A. R. Grand Army of the Republic. 

G. B. Great Britain. 

G. B. & I. Great Britain and Ire- 
land. 

G. C. Grand Chancellor, Grand Con- 
ductor, Grand Chapter. 

G. C. B. Grand Cross of the Bath. 

G. C. H. Grand Cross of Hanover. 

G. C. L. H. Grand Cross of the Le- 
gion of Honor. 

G. C. M. G. Knights Grand Cross St. 
Michael and St. George. 

G. C. S. I. Knight Grand Comman- 
der of the Star of India. 

G. D. Grand Duke, Grand Duchess. 

G. E. Grand Encampment. 

Gen. Genesis, General. 

Gen. Genitive, Generally. 

Gent. Gentleman. 

Gent. Mag. Gentlemen's Magazine. 

Geo. George. 

Geog. Geography, Geographer. 

Geol. Geology, Geological, Geolo- 
gist. 

Geom. Geometry, Geometer. 

Geor. Hist. Soc. Georgia Historical 
Society, 

Ger. Gerund. 

Ger. German, Germany. 

G. F. G. Governor's Foot Guard. 

G. H. G. Governor's Horse Guard. 

Gi. Gills. 

G. L. Grand Lodge. 

Gl. (Glossa) A Gloss. 

G. M. Grand Master. 

G..M. P. K. Grand Master of the 
Knights of St. Patrick. 

G. O. General Order. 

Go., or Goth. Gothic. 

Gov. Governor. 

Gov.-Gen. Governor-General. 

G. P. (Gloria Patri) Glory to the 
Father. 

G. P. O. General Post-Office. 



921 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



G. R. (Georgius Rex) King George, 
Grand Recorder. 

Gr. Greek, Gross, Great. 

Gr. Grain or grains. 

Gram. Grammar. 

Gro. Gross. 

G. S. Grand Secretary, Grand Sen- 
try, Grand Sentinel. 

G. T. Good Templars, Grand Tyler. 

Gtt. (Gutta, or guttae) Drop, or drops. 

Gun. Gunnery. 



H 



H. Hydrogen. 

H. Hour, Height, High, Harbor, Hus- 
band. 

H., or hr. Hour, hours. 

h. a. (Hoc anno) This year. 

Ha. Hektare (metric system). 

Hab. Habakkuk. 

Hab. corp. (Habeas corpus) You 
may have the body. 

Hab. fa. poss. (Habere facias pos- 
sessionem) (Law). A writ to put 
the plaintiff in possession. 

Hag. Haggai. 

Ham. Coll. Hamilton College. 

Hants. Hampshire. 

H. B. C. Hudson's Bay Company. 

H. B. M. His (or Her) Britannic Ma- 
jesty. 

H. C. House of Commons, Herald's 
College. 

H. C. M. His (or Her) Catholic Ma- 
jesty. 

Hdkf. Handkerchief. 

H. E. His Eminence, Hydraulic Engi- 
neer. 

h. e. (Hoc est, or Hie est) That is, 
or this is. 

Heb., or Hebr. Hebrew, Hebrews. 

Hectol. Hectolitre (metric system). 

H. E. I. C. Honorable East India 
Company. 

H. E. I. C. S. Honorable East India 
Company's Service. 

Her. Heraldry. 

Herp. Herpetoloey. 

H. F. Holy Father. 

Hf.-bd. Half-bound. 

Hf . cf . Half calf. 

Hg. (Hydrargyrum) Mercury. 

H. G. Horse Guards. 



H. H. His Holiness (the Pope), His 
(or Her) Highness. 

Hhd. Hogshead. Hogsheads. 

Hier. (Hicrosolyma) Jerusalem. 

H. I. H. His (or Her) Imperial High- 
ness. 

Hil. Hilary. 

Hind. Hindu, Hindustan, Hindu- 
stanee. 

Hist. History, Historical. 

H. J. S. (Hie Jacet Sepultus) Here 
lies buried. 

H. L. Hduse of Lords. 

HI. Hectolitre (metric system). 

H. M. His (or Her) Majesty. 

H. M. C. His (or Her) Majesty's Cus- 
toms. 

H. M. P. (Hoc monumentum posuit) 
Erected this monument. 

H. M. S. His for Her) Majesty's 
Steamer, Ship, or Service. 

Ho. House. 

Hon. Honorable. 

Hor. Horace, Horizon. 

Hort. Horticulture. 

Hos. Hosea. 

Hosp. Sergt. Hospital Sergeant. 

Hosp. Stew. Hospital Steward. 

H. P. Horse Power, Half-pay, High 
Priest. 

Hr., Hrn. Mr., sir; Messrs., gentle- 
men (German). 

H. R. House of Representatives. 

H. R. E. Holy Roman Emperor, or 
Empire. 

H. R. H. His Cor Her) Royal High- 
ness. 

H. R. I. P. (Hie Requiescit In Pace) 
Here rests in peace. 

H. S. (Hie Situs) Here lies. 

H. S. H. His (or Her) Serene Highness 

H. S. S. (Historiae Societatis Socius) 
Fellow of the Historical Society. 

h. t. (Hoc titulo) This title, in or 
under this title. 

Hum., or Humb. Humble. 

Hun., or Hung. Hungary, Hunga- 
rian. 

Hund. Hundred, Hundreds. 

h. v. (Hoc verbum) This word. (His 
verbis) In these words. 

Hy. Art. Heavy Artillery. 

Hyd. Hydrostatics. 

Hydraul. Hydraulics. 
922 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Hydros. Hydrostatics. 

hypoth. Hypothesis, hypothetical. 



I. Island, Iodine. 

I, II, III. One, two, three, or first, 

second, third. 
la. Iowa. 
lb. or Ibid. (Ibidem) In the same 

place. 
Ice., or Icel. Iceland, Icelandic. 

I. C. E. Institution of Civil Engi- 
neers. 

Ich., or Ichth. Ichthyology. 

Icon. Encyc. Iconographic Encyclo- 
paedia. 

I. C. TH. U. S. (Gr. Iesous Chnstos, 
Theou Huios, Soter) Jesus Christ, 
the Son of God, the Saviour. 

Ictus. (Iurisconsultus) Counselor at 
Law. 

Id. Idaho. 

Id. (Idus) Ides. 

Id. (Idem) The same. 

I. e. (Id est) That is. 

I. G. Inside Guardian. 

I. H. S. (Iesus [or Jesus} Hominum 
Salvator) Jesus the Saviour of 
Men. 

ii. Two. 

111. Illinois. 

Imp. Imperial. (Imperator) Em- 
peror. 

Imp. or Imper. Imperative. 

Imp., or Imperf. Imperfect. 

Impers. Impersonal. 

In. Inch, Inches. 

Inc., or Incor. Incorporated. 

Incept. Inceptive. 

Inch. Inchoative. 

Incog. (Incognito) Unknown. 

Ind. India, Indian, Indiana, Index. 

Ind., or Indie. Indicative. 

I. N. D. (In Nomine Dei) In the 
name of God. 

Indef. Indefinite. 

Ind. Meth. Independent Methodists. 

Indo. Eur. Indo-European. 

Irid't, indict, indictment. 

Inf. (Infra) Beneath or below; Inf. dig, 
beneath dignity or notice. 

Inf. Infinitive, Infantry. 



in f . (in fine) At the end of the title, 
law, or paragraph quoted. 

In lim. (In limine) At the outset. 

In loc. (In loco) In the place, on the 
passage. 

I. N. R. I. (Iesus [or Jesus] Nazar- 
enus, Rex Judaeorum) Jesus of 
Nazareth, King of the Jews. 

Ins. Inspector, Insurance, Instant. 

Insep. Inseparable. 

Insp. Gen. Inspector General. 

Inst. Instant (the present month). 

Inst. Institute, Institutes, Institu- 
tion. 

Inst. Act. Institute of Actuaries. 

Inst. Bks. Institute of Bankers. 

Inst. C. E. Institution of Civil En- 
gineers. 

Inst. M. E. Institute of Mechanical 
Engineers. 

Inst. N. A. Institution of Naval Ar- 
chitects. 

In sum. (In summa) In the sum- 
mary. 

Int. Interest. 

Int. Interpreter. 

Intens. Intensive. 

Interj. Interjection. 

Intr. Introduction. 

Intrans. Intransitive. 

in trans. (In transitu) In the pas- 
sage. 

Introd. Introduction. 

Inv. Invoice. 

Io. Iowa. 

I. O. B. B. Independent Order of 
B'nai B'rith. 
• I. O. F. Independent Order of For- 
esters. 

I. O. S. F. I. Independent Order of 
the Free Sons of Israel. 

I. O. G. T. Independent Order of 
, Good Templars. 

Ion. Ionic. 

I. O. O. F. Independent Order of 
Odd Fellows. 

I. O. R. M. Independent (or Im- 
proved) Order of Red Men. 

I. O. S. H. Independent Order Sons 

of Hermann. 
I. O. S. M. Independent Order of the 

Sons of Malta. 
I. O. U. I owe you. An acknowledg- 
ment for money. 



923 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



I. P. D. (In Prsesentia Dominqrum) 
In presence of the Lords (of Sessions). 

Ipecac. Ipecacuanha. 

I. q. (Idem quod) The same as. 

Ir. Ireland, Irish, Iridium. 

Iran. Iranian, Iranistan. 

Ire. Ireland. 

I. R. O. Internal Revenue Officer. 

Irreg. Irregular. 

I. S. Inside Sentinel, Irish Society. 

Is., or Isa. Isaiah. 

Isl. Island. 

I. S. M. (Iesus [or Jesus] Salvator 
Mundi) Jesus the Saviour of the 
World. 

It. Italy, Italian. 

I. T. Inner Temple. 

It., or Ital. Italic, Italian, Italy. 

I tin., or Itiner. Itinerant, itinerary. 

IV. Four or Fourth. 

IX. Nine or Ninth. 



Josh. Joshua. 

Jour. Journal, Journeyman. 

J. P. Justice of the Peace. 

J. Prob. Judge of Probate. 

Jr. Junior. 

J. U. D., or J. V. D. (Juris Utri- 
usque Doctor) Doctor of both Laws, 
Canon and Civil. 

Jud. Judith. 

Judg. Judges, Judge. 

Judge-Adv. Judge-Advocate. 

Jul. July. 

Jun. June. 

Jun., junr., or jr. Junior. 

Jun. Part. Junior Partner. 

Jus. Justice. (Used to denote Asso- 
ciate Justices.) 

Jus. P. Justice of the Peace. 

Just. Justinian, Justice. 

J. V. D. (Juris Utriusque Doctor) 
Doctor of both Civil and Canon Law. 

J. W. Junior Warden. 



J. Justice, John, Julius, Julian. 

JJ. Justices. 

J/a. Joint account. 

J. A. Judge Advocate. 

Jac. Jacob. 

J. A. G. Judge Advocate General. 

Jan. January. 

Jas. James. 

J. C. Jesus Christ, Justice Clerk. 

J. C. (Juris Consultus) Juris-Con- 
sult. 

J. C. D. (Juris Civilis Doctor) Doc- 
tor of Civil Law. 



K. King, Knight. (Kalium) Potassium. 
K. A. Knights of St. Andrew (in 

Russia). 
Kal. Kalends. 
K. A. N. Knight of St. Alexander 

Nevoskoj (in Russia). 
Kan. Kansas. 
K. B. King's Bench, Knight of th< 

Bath in Great Britain). 
K. B. A. Knight of St. Bento d' Avis 

(in Portugal). 



,, 



J. D. (Juris Doctor) Doctor of Law, K. B. E. Knight of the Black Eagle 



Junior Deacon 
Je. June. 
Jeho. Jehosophat. 
Jer. Jeremiah, Jerusalem, Jericho, 

Jersey. 
J. G. W. Junior Grand Warden. 
J. H. S. (Jesus Hominum Salvator) 

Jesus Saviour of Mankind. 

I. H. S.). 
Jno. John. 
Jnt. Joint. 
Jnt. Stk. Joint Stock. 
Jnt. Stk. Co. Joint Stock Company. 
Jo. Joel. 
Jona. Jonathan. 
Jos. Joseph, Josephine. 



(in Russia). 

K. C. Knight of the Crescent (in 
Turkey), King's Council. 

K. C. B. Knight Commander of the 
Bath (in Great Britain). 

K. C. H. Knight Commander of Han- 
over. 
(See K. C. M. G. Knight Commander of 
St. Michael and St. George. 

K. C. S. Knight of Charles III. of 
Spain. 

K. C. S. I. Knight Commander of 
the Star of India. 

Ken., or Ky. Kentucky. 

Kew Obs. Kew Observatory (Eng- 
land). 



924 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



K. F. Knight of Ferdinand 

Spain). 

Kg. Kilogram (metric system). 
K. G. Knight of the Garter (in Great 

Britain) 



(in 



K. S. G. Knight of St. George (in 

Russia). 
K. S. H. Knight of St. Hubert (in 

Bavaria). 
K. S. I. Knight of the Star of India. 



K. G. C. Knight Grand Cross (in K. S. J. Knight of St. Januarius (in 
Great Britain) L Knight of the Golden Naples) . 



Circle (in the United States) 
K. G. C. B. Knight of the Grand 

Cross of the Bath (in Great Britain). 
K. G. F. Knight of the Golden Fleece 

(in Spain or Austria). 
K. G. H. Knight of the Guelphs of 

Hanover. 
K. V. G. Knight of Gustavus Vasa 

(in Sweden). 
K. H. Knight of Hanover. 
Ki. Kings. 
Kil. Kilderkin. 
Kilo. Kilogram. 
K. J. Knight of St. Joachim. 
Kl. Kilolitre (metric system). 
K. L.,orK. L. A 

of Austria. 



K. S. L. Knight of the Sun and 

Lion (in Persia). 
K. S. M. and S. G. Knight of St. 

Michael and St. George. 
K. S. P. Knight of St. Stanisla (in 

Poland). 
K. S. S. Knight of the Southern 

Star (in Brazil). 
K. S. W. Knight of St. Wladimir (in 

Russia). 
K. T. Knight Templar, Knight of 

the Thistle (in Scotland). 
Kt. Knight. 
K. T. S. Knight of the Tower and 

Sword (in Portugal). 
Knight of Leopold K. W. Knight of William (in the 

Netherlands) . 



K. L. H. Knight of the Legion of K. W. E. Knight of the White Eagle 



Honor. 

Km. Kilometre (metric system). 

Km. Kingdom. 

K. Mess. King's Messenger. 

K. M. Knight of Malta. 

K. M. H. Knight of Merit in Holstein. 

K.M.J. Knight of Maximilian Jo- 
seph (in Bavaria). 

K. M. T. Knight of Maria Theresa 
(in Austria) 



(in Poland). 
Ky. Kentucky. 



L. Fifty or fiftieth, Laity, Latin 
Low, Lord, London (after titles), 
Lithium, (Liber) Book. 

L. League, Leagues, Lake, Lane. 



K. N. S. Knight of the North Star L., 1., or lb. (Libra) A pound in 



(in Sweden) 
Knt., or Kt. Knight. 
K. of H. Knights of Honor. 
K. of P. Knight, or Knights 

Pythias. 
K. P. Knight "of St. Patrick. 
Kr. Kreutzer (German coin). 
K. R. C. Knight of the Red Cross 



weight. 

L., £, or 1 (Libra, or Librae) Pound, 
or Pounds sterling. 
of L., or £, s. d. (Librse, solidi, de- 
narii) Pounds, shillings, and pence. 

La. Louisiana, Lanthanum. 

L. A. C. Licentiate of the Apothe- 
caries' Company. 



K. R. E. Knight of the Red Eagle L. A. H. Licentiate of the Apothe 



(in Prussia). 
Ks. or Kan. Kansas. 
K. S. Knight of the Sword 

Sweden). 
K. S. A. Knight of St. Anne (in 

Russia). 
K. S. B. Kersher Shel Barzel. 
K. S. F. Knight of St. Fernando 

(of Spain). 



caries' Hall. 
Ladp. Ladyship, 
(in Lam. Lamentations. 
Lapp. Lappish. 

L. A. S. Lord Advocate of Scotland. 
Lat. Latitude, Latin. 
Lb. (Libra, or Librae) Pound or 

pounds in weight. 
1. c. Lower case (in printing). 



925 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



1. c. (loco citato) In the place be- 
fore cited. 

L/C. Letter of Credit. 

L. C. Lord Chancellor, Lord Cham- 
berlain, Lower Canada. 

L. C. B. Lord Chief Baron. 

L. C. J. Lord Chief Justice. 

Ld. Lord. 

L. D. Lady Day, Light Dragoons. 

Ldp., Lp. Lordship. 

Lea. League. 

Leg. (Legato) Smoothly, Legate. 

Leg., or Legis. Legislature. 

Leip. Leipsic, or Leipzig. 

Lett. Lettish. 

Lev., or Levit. Leviticus. 

Lex. Lexicon, Lexicographer, Lexing- 

. ton. 

L. G. Life Guards, Low German. 

L. H. A. Lord High Admiral. 

L. H. C. Lord High Chancellor. 

L. H. D. (Literarum Humaniorum 
Doctor) Doctor of Polite Literature. 

L. H. T. Lord High Treasurer. 

L. I. Long Island, League Island, 
Light Infantry. 

Li. Lithium. 

Lib. (Liber) Book. 

Lib. Library, Librarian. 

Lieut., or Lt. Lieutenant. 

Lieut. Col. Lieutenant Colonel. 

Lieut. Gen. Lieutenant General. 

Lieut. Gov. Lieutenant Governor. 

Linn. Linnsean, Linnaeus. 

Linn. Soc. Linnsean Society (London) . 

Liq. Liquor. 

Lit. Literature, Literary. 

Lit. Literally. 

Lit. D. (Literarum Doctor) Doctor 
of Letters. 

Lith. Lithuanian. 

Liv. Livre. 

L. L. Low Latin, Late Latin. 

L. Lat. Low Latin, Law Latin. 

LL. B. (Legum Baccalaureus) Bach- 
elor of Laws. [See B. L. and 
B.LL.] 

LL.D. (Legum Doctor) Doctor of 
Laws. [See B.LL.} 

L. L. I. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. 

LL. M. (Legum Magister). Master 
of Laws. 

loc. cit. (loco citato) In the place 
cited. 



Lon. Longitude. 

Lon., or Lond. London. 

Long. Longitude. 

Lou., or La. Louisiana. 

Lp., or Ldp. Lordship. 

L. P. Lord Provost. 

L. P. S. Lord Privy Seal. 

L. R. C. P. Licentiate of the Royal 
College of Physicians. 

L. R. C. S. Licentiate oiS the Royal 
College of Surgeons. 

L. S. Left Side. (Locus Sigilli) Place 
of the Seal. 

L. S. A. Licentiate of the Apothe- 
caries' Society. 

L. S. D. (Libras, Solidi, Denari)- 
Pounds, Shillings, Pence. 

L. T. (Lira Turca) The Turkis 
Pound. 

Lt., or Lieut. Lieutenant. 

Lt. Batt. Light Battery. * 

Lt., or Lieut. Com. Lieutenant Com- 
mander. 

Lt., or Lieut. Gen. Lieutenan 
General 

Lt. Inf., or Infy. Light Infantry. 

Lv. Livre, Li vres. 

LX. Sixty or sixtieth. 

LXX. Seventy pr seventieth. 

LXX. The Septuagint (Version of the 
Old Testament). 

LXXX. Eighty or eightieth. 



M 



M. Monday, Middle, Morning, Mon- 
sieur. (Meridies) Meridian, or 
Noon. (Mille.) Thousand. 

M. Moon, Masculine, Minute, Min- 
utes, Month, Months, Mile, Miles, 
Mill, Mills. (Misce) Mix. (Mis- 
tura) Mixture. (Mensura) Meas- 
ure, by Measure. 

M. Minim. 

— /M. A thousand; as, e. g., 50/m., 
fifty thousand. 

M., or Mons. (Monsieur) Sir, Mister. 

M. 10,000. 

M. A. Master of Arts. [See A. M. 
Military Academy. 

Mac, or Mace. Maccabees. 

Maced. Macedonian. 

Mach. Machinist, Machinery. 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Mad. Madam. 

Madm. Madam. 

Mad. Univ. Madison University. 

Mag. Magazine. 

Maj. Major: 

Maj. Gen. Major General. 

Mai. Malachi. 

Malay. Malayan. 

Man. Manege, or horsemanship, 
Manual. 

Man. Manasses. 

M. A. N. S. Member of the Academy 
of Natural Sciences. 

Manuf. Manufactory, Manufacture, 
Manufacturing. 

Mar. March. 

March. Marchioness. 

Marg. Margin. 

Marg. Tran. Marginal Translation. 

Marq. Marquis. 

Masc. Masculine. 

Mass. Massachusetts. 

Math. Mathematics, Mathematician. 

Matt. Matthew. 

M. B. (Medicinse Baccalaureus) 
Bachelor of Medicine. [See B. M.] 

Mbco. Marks banco. 

M. B. G. et H. (Magna Britannia, 
Gallia, et Hibernia) Great Britain, 
France and Ireland. 

M. C. Member of Congress, Master 
of Ceremonies, Master _ Command- 
ant, Master of the Classics. 

M/C. Metallic Currency. 

Mch. March. 

M. D. (Medicinae Doctor) Doctor of 
Medicine. 

Md. Maryland. 

M/d. Month's date. 

M. E. Middle English (etymologi- 
cal). 

M. E. Methodist Episcopal, Military 
or Mechanical Engineer, Most Ex- 
cellent. 

M. E. S. Methodist Episcopal South. 

Me. Maine. 

Meas. Measure. 

Mech. Mechanics, Mechanical. 

Med. Medicine. 

Med. Dir. Medical Director. 

M. E. G. H. P. Most Excellent Grand 
High Priest. 

Mem. Memorandum, Memoranda. 
(Memento) Remember. 



Mer. Meridian. 

Merc. Mercury. 

Messrs., or MM. (Messieurs) Gen- 
tlemen, or Sirs. 

Met. Metaphysics, metaphor, meta- 
phorically, Metropolitan. 

Metal. Metallurgy. 

Metaph. Metaphysics. 

Meteor. Meteorology. 

Meth. Methodist. 

Metr., or Metrop. Metropolitan. 

Mex. or Mexic. Mexico or Mexican. 

M. ft. (Mistura fiat) Let a mixture 
be made. 

mg. Milligram (metric system). 

Mg. Magnesium, Myriagram (met- 
ric system). 

M. G. Major General. 

M. G., or M. Goth. Mcesco-Gothic. 

M. H. G. Middle High German (Ety- 
mological). 

M. Hon. Most Honorable. 

M: H. S. Massachusetts Historical 
Society, Member of the Historical 
Society. 

Mi., or Miss. Mississippi. 

Mi. Mill, mills. 

Mic. Micah. 

M. I. C. E. Member of the Institu- 
. tion of Civil Engineers. 

Mich. Michigan. 

Mid. Midshipman. 

Mid. Middle (voice). 

Mil. Military. 

Min. Mineralogy. 

Min. Minute, Minutes. 

Minn. Minnesota. 

Min. Plen. Minister Plenipotentiary. 

Min. Res. Minister Resident. 

Miss. Mississippi. 

ml. Millilitre (metric system). 

Ml. Myriahtre- (metric system). 

M. L. (Legum M agister) Master of 
Laws. 

M. L. A. Mercantile Library Asso- 
ciation. 

Mile. Mademoiselle. 

mm. Millimetre (metric system). 

Mm. Myriametre (metric system). 

MM. Their Majesties. (Messieurs) 
Gentlemen, or Sirs. 

Note. — The initial letter of a word is 
sometimes doubled to signify the 
plural, as in LL. B., LL. D. 



927 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 

MM. Thousands. M. R. S. L. Member of the Royal 

Mme. Madame. Society of Literature. 

Mmes. Mesdames (pronounced ma- M/S. Month's sight. 

dam'). M.S. (Memoriae Sacrum) Sacred to 

M. M. S. Moravian Missionary Soci- the memory. 

ety. M. S.. (Magister Scientise) Master 

M. M. S. S. Member of the Massa- of Science. 

chusetts Medical Society. MS. (Manuscriptum) Manuscript. 

Mn. Manganese. MSS. (Manuscripta) Manuscripts. 

M. N. A. S. Member of the National Mt. Mount or Mountain. 

Academy of Sciences. M. T. C. Marcus Tullius Cicero. 

M. N. S. Member of the Numismat- Mt. Rev. Most Reverend. 

ical Society. Mts. Mountains. 

Mo. Missouri, Month, Molybdenum. Mus. Museum, Music. 
Mod. Modern. (Moderate) Mod- Mus. B. Bachelor of Music. 

erately. Mus. D., Mus. Doc, or Mus. Doct. 

Mon. Monday, Monastery. Doctor of Music. 

Mond. Monday. M. W. Most Worthy, Most Wor- 

Mons. Monsieur, or Sir. shipful. 

Monsig., or Mgr. Monsignor. M. W. G. C. P. Most Worthy Grand 

Morn. Morning. Chief Patriarch. 

Mos. Months. M. W. G. M. Most Worthy (or Wor- 

Most. Rev. Most Reverend. shipful) Grand Master. 

Mont. Montana. M. W. P. Most Worthy Patriarch. 

M. P. Member of Parliament, Metro- M. W. S. Member of the Wernerian 

politan Police, Municipal Police, Society. 

Methodist Protestant, or Protestant M. W. V. Mexican War Veterans 

Methodist. Myth. Mythology. 

M. P. C. Member of Parliament in 

Canada. 
M. P. P. Member of Provincial Par- N 

liament. 
M. P. S. Member of the Pharma- N. North, Number, Nitrogen. 

ceutical (or of the Philological So- N. Noun, Neuter. 

ciety) . N. A. North America, North Amer- 

M. R. Master of the Rolls. ican, National Academician. 

Mr. Mister, or Master. N. A. S. National Academy of Sciences 

M. R. A. S. Member of the Royal Na. (Natrium) Sodium. 

Asiatic Society, Member of the Nah. Nahum. 

Royal Academy of Science. Nap. Napoleon. 

M. R. C. C. Member of the Royal Nat. Natural, National. 

College of Chemistry. Nat. Hist. National History. 

M. R. C. P. Member of the Royal Nath. Nathanael, or Nathaniel. 

College of Physicians. Nat. ord. Natural order. 

M. R. C. S. Member of the Royal Naut. Nautical. 

College of Surgeons. Nav. Navigator, Navy. 

M. R.G. S. Member of the Royal Nav. Con. Navy Constructor. 

Geographical Society. N. B. New Brunswick, North Bristol, 

M. R. I. Member of the Royal Insti- - North Britain. (Nota bene) Note 

tution. well, or take notice. 

M. R. I. A. Member of the Royal N. C. North Carolina. 

Irish Academy. N. D. No Date, North Dakota. 

Mrs. Mistress (pronounced mis'sis N. E. New England, Northeast, 

when written as an abbreviation). Northern Eastern. 

928 






3. 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Neb. Nebraska. 
Neg. Negative. 
Neh. Nehemiah. 



N. S. New Style (since 1752), Nova 
Scotia, (Notre Seigneur), Our Lord, 
Numismatic Society. 



n. e. i. (Non est inventus) He is not N. S. J. C. (Notre Seigneur Jesus- 



found 

Nem. Con. (Nemine Contradicente) 
No one contradicting, unanimously. 

Nem. Diss. (Nemine dissentiente) 
No one dissenting, unanimously. 

Neut. Neuter (gender). 

Nev. Nevada. 

New Am. Cyc. New American Cy- 
clopaedia. 

New M., or N. M. New Mexico. 

New Test. New Testament. 

N. F. Newfoundland. 

N. G. New Granada, Noble Grand. 

N. H. New Hampshire. 

N. H. H. S. New Hampshire His- 
torical Societv. 

Ni. Nickel. " 

Ni pri. Nisi Prius {Law). 

N. J. New Jersey. 

N. L. (Non liquet) It does not ap- 
pear, the case is not clear. 

N. L. or N. Lat. North Latitude. 

N. M., or N. Mex. New Mexico. 

N. N. E. North-Northeast. 

N. N. W. North-Northwest. 

N. O. New Orleans. 

No. (Numero) Number. 

Nol. pros. (Nolle prosequi) Un- 
willing to prosecute, or proceed. 

Nom. Nominative. 

Non. Con. Not content, dissenting, 
dissentient (House of Lords). 

Non cul. (Non culpabilis) 
guilty. 

Non. obst. (Non obstante) 
withstanding 



Christ) Our Lord Jesus Christ. 

N. T. New Testament, New Trans- 
lation. 

N. u. Name, or names, unknown. 

Num. Numeral. 

Num. or Numb. Numbers. 

Numis. Numismatics. 

Nux vom. Nux vomica. 

N. V. M. Nativity of the Virgin 
Mary. 

N. W. Northwestern. 

N. W. T. Northwest Territory. 

N. Y. New York. 

N. Y. H. S. New York Historical 



Society. 
N. Z., or N. 



Zeal. New Zealand. 



0, or o. 0|UKpov. (Omicron) Greek 
0, o. 

O. Ohio, Old, Oxygen. (Octarius) 
A pint. 

Ob. (Obiit) He or she died 

Obad. Obadiah. . 

Obj. Objective, Objection, Object. 

Obs. Obsolete, Observation. 

Obs. Observatory. 

Obt., or Obdt. Obedient. 

O. C. C. (Ordinis Carmelitarum Cal- 
ceatorum) Carmelites Calced. 
Not O. C. D. (Ordinis Carmelitarum Dis- 
calceatorum) Carmelites Discalced. 
Not- O. Cist. (Ordinis Cisterciensis) Cis- 
tercian. 



Non. pros. (Non prosequitur) He Oct. October. 

does not prosecute, — a judgment O. F. Odd Fellow or Odd Fellows, 



entered against the plaintiff when 

he does not appear to prosecute. 
Non. seq. (Non sequitur) It does 

not follow. 
Nor. Fr., or Norm. Fr 

French. 
Norw. Norway, Norwegian. 
Nos. Numbers. 
Nov. November. 
N. P. Notary Public. 
N. P. D. North Polar Distance 
N. R. North River. 

Die. 71 



Old French (etymological). 
O. G. Outside Guardian. 

0. H. G. Old High German (ety- 
mological). 

Norman O. H. M. S. On His (or Her) Ma- 
jesty's Service. 
O.K. (Oil Korect) All right, or 
correct. 

01. (Oleum). Oil. 
Ol., orOlymp. Olympiad. 
Old Test., or O. T. Old Testament. 
Olym. Olympiad. 

929 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



O. M. Old Measurement. 

O. M. Conv. (Ordinis Minorum Con- 
ventualium) Minor Conventuals. 

O. M. I. Oblates of Mary Immacu- 
late. 

O. Min. Cap. (Ordinis Minorum Ca- 
pucinorum) Capuchins. 

•Ont. Ontario. 

O. P., or O. S. D. (Ordinis Prsedica- 
torum, or Ordinis Sancti Dominici) 
Dominicans. 

Opt. Optics. 

Or. . Oregon. 

O. R. C. Order of the Red Cross. 

Ord. Ordnance, Ordinance, Ordinary. 

Ord. Dept. Ordnance Department. 

Orig. Original, Originally. 

Ornith. Ornithology. 

O. S. Old Style (before 1752), Out- 
side Sentinel. 

Os. Osmium. 

O. S. A. (Ordinis Sancti Augustini) 
Augustinians. 

O. S. B. (Ordinis Sancti Benedicti) 

Benedictines. 
t O. S. F. (Ordinis Sancti Francisci) 
Franciscans. 

O. T. Old Testament. 

O. U. A. Older of United Americans. 

Oxf. Oxford. 

Oxf. Gloss. Oxford Glossary of Arch- 
itecture. 

Oxon. (Oxonian) Of Oxford, at Oxford . 

Oz. Ounce. 



P. (Pondere) By weight (Pugillus) 
A pugil, the quantity of any sub- 
stance which may be taken with the 
ends of the thumb and two ringers. 

P. Page, Part, Participle, Pole, Phos- 
phorus, Pint, Pope. 

P. (Pere) Father. 

Pa. or Penn., Pennsylvania. 

p. a. Participial adjective. 

P. A. Post Adjutant. 

P. A. E. Passed Assistant Engineer. 

Paint. Painting. 

Pal., or Paleon. Paleontology. 

P. A. P. M. Passed Assistant Pay- 
master. 

Par., or % Paragraph. 



Par., or 1 1. Parallel. 

Pari. Parliament, Parliamentary. 

Paroch. Lib. Parochial Library. 

Par. Pas. Parallel Passage. 

Part. Participle. 

Pass. Passive. 

Pass. Passionist. 

Past. Pastor. 

P. A. Surg. Passed Assistant Surgeon. 

Pathol. Pathology. 

Pay Dir. Pay Director. 

Pay Ins. Pay Inspector. 

Pay M. Paymaster. 

Payt. Payment. 

Pb. (Plumbum) Lead. 

P. B. (Philosophise Bactialaureus) 
Bachelor of Philosophy. 

#-B-K- ($l,Bt|Ta,Kdinra.) Phi Beta 
Kappa (College Society). 

P. C. (Patres Conscripti) Conscript 
Fathers, Senators, Privy Council, or 
Councilor, Police Constable, Princi- 
pal Conductor, Post Commander. 

P. C. P. Past Chief .Patriarch. 

P. Cyc. Penny Cyclopedia. 

P. D. (Philosophise Doctor) Doctor 
of Philosophy. 

Pd. Paid, Palladium. 

^- E- (^l Et]n\6v.) Psi Epsilon (Col- 
lege Society). 

P. E. Protestant Episcopal, Presid- 
ing Elder. 

Pe. Pelopium. 

P. E. I. Prince Edward Island. 

Penn. Pennsylvania. 

Pent. Pentecost. 

Per., or Pers. Persia, Persian. 

Per, pr., or P. By the, or per lb., oz., etc. 

Per an. (Per annum) By the year. 

Per cent., or per ct. (Per centum) 
By the hundred. 

Perf. Perfect. 

Perh. Perhaps. 

Peri. Perigree. 

Pers. Person. 

Persp. Perspective. 

Peruv. Peruvian. 

Pet. Peter. 

P. G. Past Grand. 

Pg. Portuguese. 

Phar. Pharmacy. 

Phar. D. Doctor in Pharmacy. 

Phar. G. Graduate in Pharmacy. 

Phar. M. Master in Pharmacy. 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Ph. B. (Philosophise Baccalaureiis) Pp. or PP. Patres, Fathers. 



P. P. (Pater Patriae) 

his country. 
P. P. Parish Priest. 



Bachelor of Philosophy. 

Ph. D. (Philosophise Doctor) Doctor 
of Philosophy. 

Phil. Philip, Philippians, Philoso- Pp. Images. 

phy, Philosopher, Philosophical, p. p. Past participle 
Philemon. 

Phil., or Phila. Philadelphia. 

Philem. Philemon. 

Philomath (Philomathematicus) A 
lover of mathematics. 

Philos. Philosophy. 

Phil. Trans. Philosophical Transac- 
tions. 

Phonog. Phonography. 

Photog. Photo rraphy. 

Phren. Phrenology. 

P. H. S. Pennsylvania Historical So- 
ciety. 

Phys. Physics, Physiology, Physician 

Physiol. Physiology. 

Pinx., or pxt. (Pinxit) 
painted it. 

P. J. President Judge, Police Justice. Prep 

Pk. Peck. 

Pks. Pecks. 

P. L. Poet Laureate. 

PI. Place, Plate. 

PI., or plur. Plural. 

P. L. C. Poor Law Commissioners. 

Plff. Plaintiff. 



The father of 



Plin. 

Plup., 

Plur. 

Pm. 

P.M. 



Pluperfect 



Pliny, 
or plupf 
Plural. 
Premium. 

(Postmeridian) 



P.P.C. (Pour Prendre Conge) To 
take leave. 

Pph. Pamphlet. 

P. P. I. Policy proof of interest. 

p. pr. Participle present. 

P. Q. Previous question. 

Pr. Priest, Prince. 

Pr. Preposition, Prince, Pronoun. 

Pr., or P (Per) By the. 

P. R. (Populus Romanus) The Ro- 
man people, Prize ring, Porto Rico. 

P. R. A. President of the Royal Acad- 
emy. 

P. R. C. (Post Romam Conditam) 
After the building of Rome. 
He (or she) Preb. Prebend, Prebendary. 

Pref. Preface, Prefix. 
Preposition. 

Pres. President. 

Presb. Presbyterian. 

Pret. Preterit. 

Prim. Primate, Primitive. 

Prin. Principles. 

prin. Principally. 

Print. " Printing. 

Priv. Privative. 

Priv. Chamb. Private Chamberlain. 

Prob. Problem, Probably. 

Prof. Professor. 



Afternoon, 



Pron. Pronoun, Pronounced, Pro- 
Evening, nunciation. 

P. M. Post Master, Passed Midship- Pron. a. Pronominal adjective, 
man, Pay Master, Past Master. Prop. Proposition, Properly. 

P. M. G. Post Master General, Pay Prot. Protestant. 



Master General. 

P. N. Promissory Note. 

P. O. Post-Office. 

P. O. D. Post-Office Department. 

Poet. Poetry, Poetical. 

P. O. H. Patrons of Husbandry. 

P. of H. Patrons of Husbandry. 

Po. Pole. 
| Pol. Polish. 
! Polit. Econ. Political Economy. 

P. O. O. Post-Office Order. 

Pop. Population. Portuguese. 

Port,. Portugal, 

Pos. or Poss. Possessive. 



Prot. Ap. Prothonotary Apostolic. 

Pro. tern, (pro tempore) For the 
time. 

Prov. Proverbs, Proverbially, Pro- 
vost, Provincial. 

Prov. Mar. Provost Marshal. 

Prov. Sem. Provincial Seminary. 

Prox. (Proximo) Next, or of the 
next month, in the next. 

Prus. Prussia, Prussian. 

P. S. (Postscriptum) Postscript, Per- 
•manent Secretary, Privy Seal. 

Ps., or Psa. Psalm, or Psalms. 

Pss. Postscripts. 



931 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Pt. Part, Pint, Payment, Port, Point. 

Pt. Platinum. 

P. t. (Pro tempore) For the time. 

P. T. O. Please turn over. 

^•Y- pprYi|rfX6v.) PsiUpsilon (College 

Society). 
Pub. Publisher, Publication, Public, 

Published. 
Pub. Doc. Public Documents. 
Pulv. (Pulvis) Powder. 
Pun. Puncheon. 
P. v. Post-village. 
P. W. P. Past Worthy Patriarch. 
Pwt. Pennyweight, Pennyweights. 
Pxt. (Pinxit) He (or she) painted it. 



Q. Question, Quintus. 

Q., or Qu. Queen, Question, Query. 

Q. B. Queen's Bench. 

Q. C. Queen's College, Queen's Coun- 
sel, or Council. 

Q. d. (Quasi dicat) As if he should 
say. < (Quasi dictum) As if "said. 
(Quasi dixisset) As if he had said. 

Q. e. (Quod est) Which is. 

Q. E. D. (Quod Erat Demonstran- 
dum) Which was to be demon- 
strated, or proved. 

Q. L. (Quantum libet) As much as 
you please. 

Qm. (Quomodo) By what means. 

Q. M. Quarter Master. 

Q. Mess. Queen's Messenger. 

Q. M. G. Quarter Master General. . 

Q. P., or q. pi. (Quantum placet). 
As much as you please. 

Qr. Quarter (28 lb.,) Farthing, Quire. 

Qrs. Quarters, Quires, Farthings. 

Q. S. Quarter Sessions. 

Q. S. Quarter Section. (Quantum 
sufficit). Sufficient quantity. 

Qt. Quart, Quantity. 

Qts. Quarts. 

Qu. Queen, Question. 

Qu., or qy. (Quaere) Inquire, Query. 

Quad. Quadrant, Quadrate. 

Quar. Quarterly. 

Ques. Question. 

Q. v. (Quod vide) Which see. (Quan- 
tum vis.) As much as you please. 

Qy. Query. 



R. (Recipe) Take. 

R. (Regina) Queen. (Rex) King. 
Railway, Rhodium, Rises, River, 
Residence. 

R. Rood, Roods, Rod, Rods. 

R. A. Royal Academy, Royal Acade- 
mician, Royal Arch, Royal Artillery, 
Rear Admiral, Right Ascension. 

R. A. C. Royal Arch Chapter. 

Rad. (Radix) Root, Radical. 

R. Adml. Rear Admiral. 

R. A. K. T. P. Royal Arch Knight 
Templar Priest. 

R. A. M. Royal Ark Mariners, Royal 
Academy of Music. 

Rb. Rubidium. 

R. C. Roman Catholic. 

R. D. Royal Dragoons. 

R. D., or Rur. Dn. Rural Dean. 

R. E. Royal. Engineers, Royal Ex- 
change, Right Excellent, Reformed 
Episcopal. 

Rec. Recorder. 

Rec, or R. Recipe. 

Reed. Received. 

Recpt. Receipt. 

Rec. Sec. Recording Secretary. 

Rect. Rector, Receipt. 

Ref . Reference, Reformed. 

Ref. Ch. Reformed Church. 

Reg., or Regr. Register, Registrar, 
Registry. 

Reg., or Regt. Regent, Regiment. 

Reg. Prof. Regius Professor. 

Regr. Registrar. 

Regt. Regiment. 

Rel. Religion. 

Rel. Pron. Relative Pronoun. 

Rem. Remark, or Remarks. 

Rep. Representative, Report, Re- 
porter, Republican, Republic. 

Repub. Republic. 

Rev. Reverend, Revelation (Book of), 
Review. Revenue, Revise. 

Revd. Reverend. 

Revs. Plural of Reverend. 

Rev. Ver. Revised Version (Scrip- 
tures). 

R. G. G. Royal Grenadier Guards. 

R. H. A. Royal Horse Artillery, Roy- 
al Hibernian Academy. 

Rhet. Rhetoric. 



932 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



R. H. G. Royal Horse Guards. 
R. I. Rhode Island. 
R. LB. A. Royal Institution of Brit- 
ish Architects. 
Richd. Richard. 
R. I. H. S. Rhode Island Historical 

Society. 
Riv. River. 
R. M. Ro3'al Marines, Royal Mail, 

Resident Magistrate. 
R. M. A. Royal Military Asvlum. 
R. M. S. Royal Mail Steamer. 
R. N. Royal Navy. 
R. N. O. (Riddare af Nordstjerne 

Orden) Knight of the Order of the 

Polar Star. 
Ro. (Recto) Right-hand page. 
Ro., or Robt. Robert, 
Rom. Roman, Romans (Book of). 
Rom. Cath. Roman Catholic. 
R. P. Regius Professor, The King's 

Professor. 
R. R. Railroad, Right Reverend. 
R. Rs. Railroads. 
R. S. Recording Secretary, Right 

side. 
Rs. (Responsum) -Answer. (Respon- 

dere) To answer. 
Rs. Rupees. 
R. S. A. Royal Society of Antiquaries, 

Royal Scottish Academv. 
R. S. C. C. Republican State Central 

Committee. » 
R. S. D. Royal Society of Dublin. 
R. S. E. Royal Society of Edinburgh. 
R. S. L. Royal Society of London. 
R. S. V. P. (Repondez S'il Vous 

Plait) Answer if you please. 
Rt. Hon. Right Honorable. 
Rt. Rev. Right Reverend. 
Rt. Wpful. _ Right Worshipful. 
Russ. Russia, Russian. 
R. V. Revised Version (Scriptures). 
R. W. Right Worthy, or Right Wor- 
shipful, Railwav. 
R. W. D. G. M. Right Worshipful 

Deputv Grand Master. 
R. W. G. S. Right Worthy Grand 

Secretarv. 
R. W. G.R. Right Worthy Grand 

Representative. 
R. W. G. T. Right Worthy Grand 

Treasurer, Right Worshipful Grand 

Templar. 



A CJ-LlJJiai . 



R. W. G. W. Right Worthy Grand 
Warden. 

R. W. J. G. [W. Right Worshipful 
Junior Grand Warden. 

R. W. O. (Riddare af Wasa Orden) 
Knight of the Order of Wasa, 

R. W. S. G. W. Right Worshipful Se- 
nior Grand Warden. 

R'y. Railway. 

R'ys. Railways. 



S. South, Saint, Scribe, Sulphur, 
Sign, Sextus (Semis) Half. 

S. Second, Sun, See, Sets, Solo. Sec- 
tion, Series, Singular, Son. (Solid us) 
A shilling. 

S. A. South America, South Africa, 
South Australia. 

Sam. Samuel. 

Sans. Sanskrit. 

S. A. S. (Societatis Antiquariorum 
Socius) Fellow of the Society of 
Antiquaries. 

Sat. Saturday. 

Sax. Saxon. 

Sax. Chron. Saxon Chronicles. 

Sb. (Stibium) Antimony. 

S. C. (Senatus Consultum) A de- 
cree of the Senate, South Carolina, 
Small Caps. 

Sc, or Sculp. (Sculpsit) He (or she) 
engraved it. 

Sc, or scil. (Scilicet) To wit, name- 
ly, being understood. 

Scan. Mag. (Scandalummagnatum) 
Defamatory expressions tending to 
the injury of persons of importance. 

S. caps. Small capitals. 

S. C. Hist. Soc. South Carolina His- 
torical Society. 

Sch., or Schol. (Scholium) A note. 

Sch., or schr. Schooner. 

Sci. Science. 

Sci. fa. (Scire facias) Mak3 known 
(Law). 

Scil., or sc. (Scilicet) To wit, name- 
ly, being understood. 

S. C. L. Student of the Civil Law. 

Sclav. Sclavonic. 

Scot. Scotland, Scottish, Scotch. 

Scr. Scruple. 



933 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Script. Scripture, Scriptural. 

Sculp. (Sculpsit) He (or she) en- 
graved it. 

Sculp., or sculpt. Sculpture. 

S. D. (Salutem dicit) Sends health. 
South Dakota. 

S. D. (Scientise Doctor) Doctor of 
Science, Senior Deacon. 

S. D. U. K. - Society for the Diffu- 
sion of Useful Knowledge. 

S. E. Southeast, Southeastern. 

Se. Selenium. 

Sec. Secretary. 

Sec. Second, Section. 

Sec. Leg. Secretary of Legation. 

Sec. leg. (Secundum legem) Accord- 
ing to law. 

Sec. reg. (Secundum regulam) Ac- 
cording to rule. 

Sect. Section. 

Sen. Senate, Senator, Senior. 

Sep., or Sept. September, Septua- 
gint. 



S. M. Short Metre, Sergeant Major, 
Sons of Malta, Sewing machine. 

S. M. (Sa Majesty His (or Her) 
Majesty. 

Sm. C. Small capitals. 

S. M. I. (Sa Majeste Impenale) His 
(or Her) Imperial Majesty. 

Smith. Inst. Smithsonian Institu- 
tion. 

S. M. Lond. Soc. (Societatis Medi- 
cse Londiniensis Socius) Member 
of the London Medical Society. 

S. M. Lond. Soc. Cor. (Societatis 
Medicae Londiniensis Socius Cor.) 
Corresponding Member of the Lon- 
don Medical Society. 

Sn. (Stannum) Tin. 

Soc. Society. 

Soc. Isl. Society Islands. 

S. of Sol. Song (or Songs) of Solo- 
mon. 

S. of T. Sons of Temperance. 

Sol. Solomon, Solution, Solicitor. 



Seq., or Sqq . (Sequentia, or sequen- Sol. Gen. Solicitor General. 



(Se- 



The following, the next 
quitur) It follows. 

Ser. Series. 

Serb. Serbian. 

Serg., or Serj. Sergeant, or 
jeant. 

Serg. Maj. Sergeant Major. 

Serv., or Servt. Servant. 

S. G. (Salutis Gratia) For the sake 
of safety (i. e., insured). 

S. G. Solicitor General. 

Sh., or s. Shilling. 

Shak. Shakespeare. 

S. Hist. Soc. Southern Historical So- 
ciety. 

S. H. S. (Societatis Historicae Socius) 
Fellow of the Historical Society. 

Si. Silicium. 

Sing., or Sin. Sine, Singular. 

S. Isl. Sandwich Islands. 

Sist. Sister. 

S. J. Society of Jesus. 

S. J. C. Supreme Judicial Court. 

Skr. Sanskrit. 

S. L. Solicitor at Law. 

S. L., or L. S. (Sigilli Locus) 
for the Seal. 

S. L., or S. Lat. South Latitude 

Slav. Slavonic, Slavonian. 

Sid. Sailed. 



Without issue, 



He prays 



S. P. (Sine Prole) 

supra protest. 
S. P. (Salutem precatur) 
for his prosperity. 
Ser- Sp. Spain, Spanish. 

S. P. A. S. (Societatis Philosophical 
Americana? Socius) Member of 
the American Philosophical Society. 
S. P. C. A. Society of < the Preven- 
tion of Cruelty to Animals. 
S. P. C. K. Society for the Promo- 
tion of Christian Knowledge. 
S. P. D. (fJalutem plurimam dicit) 
He wishes much health, or sends 
his best respects. 
S. P. G. Society for the propagation 

of the Gospel. 
Sp. gr. Specific gravity. 
S. P. Q. R. (Senatus Populusque Ro- 
manus) The Senate and the People 
of Rome. 
Sq., or sqq. Square. 
Sq. (Sequens) The following. 
Sq. ft. Square foot or square feet. 
Square inch or inches. 
Square mile or miles. 
Square rod or rods. 
Square yard. 
Square yards. 



Sq. in. 
Place Sq. m. 
Sq. r. 
Sq. yd, 
Sq. yds. 



Sr. Sir or Senior, Sister. 



934 




Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



S. R. I. (Sacrum Romanum Imper- 
ium) Holy Roman Empire. 

S. R. S. (Societatis Regiae Socius) 
Fellow of the Royal Society. 

S. S. Sabbath School, or Sunday- 
School, Saint Simplicius (the mark 
on the collar of the Lord Chief 
Justice of England). 

SS. Saints. 

SS. (Scitote) Know ye. (Semis) 
Half. 

S. S. C. Solicitor before the Su- 
preme Court. 

S. S. E. South-Southeast. 

S. S. W. South-Southwest. 

2- T- (Sty^a Tav.) Sigma Tau (College 
Society). 

St. Stanza. 

St. Saint, Street, Strait. 
. Stat. Statute, Statutes. 

S. T. D. (Sacrae Theologiae Doctor) 
Doctor of Sacred Theology, Doctor 
of Divinity. 

Ster., or Stg. Sterling. 

S. T. P. (Sacra? Theologiae Profes- 
sor) Professor of Theology. 
3 Sts. Streets. 

Su. Sunday. 

Subj. Subjunctive. 
t Subst. Substantive, Substitute. 
I Suff. Suffix. 

Sun., or Sund. Sunday. 
■ Sup. Supplement, Superfine, Super- 
ior, Superlative. 

- Sup., or Supr. (Supra) Above. 
Sup. C. Superior Court. 
Super. Superior, Superfine. 

i Superl. Superlative. 

Supp. Supplement. 
d Supt. Superintendent. 

Surg. Surgeon, Surgery. 

Surg. Gen. Surgeon General. 

- Surv. Surveyor, Surveying. 

[ Surv. Gen. Surveyor General. 
Sus. Susannah. 

S. V. (Sub verbo, or Sub voce) Un- 
der the word or title. 
S. W. Southwest, Southwestern, Sen- 
ior Warden. 
Sw. Swedish, Sweden. 
Switz. Switzerland. 
Syn. Synonym, Synonymous. 
Synop. Synopsis. 
Syr. Syria, Syrian, Syriac, Syrup. 



T. Town, Township, Ton, or Tun. 

T. (Tutti) All together, Tenor, Tit- 
us, Tullius, Tuesday. 

T., or Tom. Tome, Volume. 

Ta. Tantalum (Columbkim). 

Tal. qual. (Talis qualis) Just as 
they come, average quality. 

Tan. Tangent. 

Tart. Tartaric. 

Tb. Tarbium. 

T. C. D. Trinity College, Dublin. 

Te. Tellurium. 

T. E. Topographical Engineers. 

Tel. Telegraph, Telegram. 

Ten., or Tehn. Tennessee. 

Ter. Territory. 

Term. Termination. 

Teut. Teutonic. 

Tex. Texas. 

Text. Rec. (Textus Receptus) The 
Received Text. 

0, or G. 0Tyra. (Theta) Greek. Th. 
th. 

Th. Thomas, Thorium. 

Th., or Thurs. Thursday. 

Theo. Theodore, Theodosia. 

Theol. Theology, Theological. 

Theoph. Theophilus. 

Theor. Theorem. 

Thess. Thessalonians. 

Thos. Thomas. * 

Thu.,Thur., or Thurs. Thursday. 

T.H.W. M. Trinity High Water 
Mark. 

Ti. Titanium. 

Tier. Tierce. 

Tim. Timothy 

Tit. Titus, Title. 

Tl. Thallium. 

Tob. Tobit. 

Tom. Tome, or Volume. 

Tonn. Tonnage. 

Topog. Topography, or Topographical. 

Tr. Transpose, Translator, Transla- 
tion, Treasurer, Trustee. 

tr. (Trillo) A shake. 

Trans. Translator, Translation, Trans- 
1 ated, Transaction, Transportation. 

Trav. Travels. 

Trav. Agt. Travelling Agent. 

Treas. Treasurer. 

Trin. Trinity. 









935 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Trin. Coll. Trinity College. 

Trs., or Trus. Trustees. 

Ts. Texas. 

T. T. L. To take leave. 

Tu., or Tues. Tuesday. 

Turk. Turkey, or Turkish. 

Typ., or Typo. Typographer. 

Typog. Typography, Typographical. 



U. Uranium. 

U. A. O. D. United Ancient Order of 

Druids. . 
U. C. (Urbis Conditae) From the 

building of the city (Rome), Upper 

Canada. 
U. E. I. C. United East India Com- 
pany. 
U. G. R. R. Underground Railroad. 
U. J. D. (Utriusque Juris Doctor) 

Doctor of both laws (i.e., the Canon 

and the Civil Law). See J. U. D. 
U. K. United Kingdom. 
U. K. A. Ulster King at Arms. 
U. L. A. Union League of America. 
Ult. (Ultimo) Last, or of the last 

month. 
Unit. Unitarian. 
Univ. University, Universally." 
Up. Upper. 

U. P. C. United Presbyterian Church. 
U. S. United States, United Service. 
U. S. (ut supra) As above. 
U. S. A. United States Army, United 

States of America. 
U. S. L. United States Legation. 
U. S. M. United States Mail, United 

States Marine, United States Mint 

(Philadelphia). 
U. S. M. A. United States Military 

Academy. 
U. S. M. C. United States Marine 

Corps. 
U. S. M. C. C. United States Mint 

(Carson City). 
U. S. M. S. United States Mint (San 

Francisco). 
U. S. N. United States Navy. 
U.S.N. A. United States Naval 

Academy. 
U. S. P. United States Pharma- 
copoeia. 



, 



U. S. R. Usher of the Scarlet Rod. 
U. S. S. United States Senate, United 

States Ship (or Steamer) . 
Usu. Usual, or usually. 
U. S. V. United States Volunteers. 
Ut. Utah. 



V. Vanadium, Victoria, Viscount. 

V. Five or fifth. 

V. Verse, Verb, Village, Vocative, 

Volume. (Versus) Against. (Vide) See 
V. a. Verb active. 
V. A. Vicar, or Vicariate, Apostolic, 

Vice Admiral. 
Va. Virginia. 
Vat. Vatican. 
V. aux. Verb auxiliary. 
Vb. n. Verbal noun. 
V. C. Vice Chancellor, Vice Chai 

man, Victoria Cross. 
V. C. G. Vice Consul General 
V. def . Verb defective. 
V. dep. Verb deponent. 
V. D. L. Van Dieman's Land. 
V. D. M. (Verbi Dei Minister) Mi 

ster of the Word of God. 
Ven. Venerable. 
Ven., or ven. fa. (Venire facias) 

writ to a sheriff to summon a 

jury. 
Ven. Ex. (Venditioni exponas) A 

writ of execution to a sheriff to sell 

goods, etc. 
Ver. Verse, Verses. 
Ver. or Vt., Vermont. 
Vet. Surg. Veterinary Surgeon. 
V. F. Vicar Forane. 
V. G. Vicar General, Vice Grand. 
V. g. (Verbi gratia) For example. 
Vi. (Vide) See. 

V. i. Verb intransitive. 

VI. Six or sixth. 

VII. Seven or seventh. 

VIII. Eight or eighth. 
Vic. Ap. Vicar Apostolic. 
Vice Pres. Vice-President. 
Vic. Gen. Vicar General. 
Vid. (Vide) See. 

Vil. Village. 

V. imp. Verb impersonal. 
V. irr. Verb irregular. 
Vis., or Vise. Viscount. • 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 



Viz. (Videlicet) Namely, to wit. 

V. n. Verb neuter. 

Vo. (Verso) Left-hand page. 

Voc. Vocative. 

Vol. Volume. 

Vols. Volumes, Volunteers. 

V. P. Vice-President. 

V. R. (Victoria Regina) Queen Vic- 
toria, Very Reverend. 

V. r. Verb reflective, or reflexive. 

V. Rev. Very Reverend. 

Vs. (Versus) Against, or in opposi- 
tion. 

V. S. Veterinary Surgeon. 

Vt. Vermont. 

V. t. Verb transitive. 

Vul., or Vulg. Vulgate, Vulgar. X. 

Vv. 11. (variae lectiones) Different X. 
readings. X. 



W. M. S. Wesleyan Missionary So- 
ciety. 

W. N. W. West-Northwest. 

W. P. Worthy Patriarch. 

Wpful. Worshipful. 

W. R. William (Rex) King, West 
Riding. 

W. S. Writer to the Signet. 

W. S. W. West-Southwest. 

Wt. Weight. 

W. Va. West Virginia. 

Wyo. Wyoming. 



X 



Christos). 



W 



Christ. (Xpwrros, 
Ten or tenth. 

St. Andrew's Cross, Exchange, 
His (or her) mark. 

XI. Eleven. 

XII. Twelve. 

XIII. Thirteen. 
Wolf- XIV. Fourteen. 

XV. Fifteen. 

XVI. Sixteen. 

XVII. Seventeen. 



W. Wednesday, Welsh. 

W. West, Western, W^arden 

ramium) Tungsten. 
W. Week. 

W. A. West Australia, West Africa 
W. &M. Coll. William and Mary's XVIII. Eighteen 

College. XIX. Nineteen 

Wall. Wallachian. 
Wash. Washington. 
W. C. Water-closet, West Central. 
W. C. T. U. Women's Christian Tern 

perance Union. 
Wed. Wednesday. 
West. Res. Coll. Western 

College. 
Wes. Univ. Wesleyan University. 
w. f. Wrong font (in printing). 
W. G. G. Worthy Grand Chaplain, 

Worthy Grand Conductor. 
W. G. C. Worthy Grand Guide, 

Worthy Grand Guardians. 
W. G. H. Worthy Grand Herald. 
W. G. M. Worthy Grand Marshal. 
W. G. S. Worthy Grand Sentinel. 
Whf. Wharf. 

W. I. West Indies, West India. 
Wis., or Wise. Wisconsin. 
Wisd. Wisdom (Book of). 
Wk. Week, Work. 
W. Lon. _ West longitude. 
Wm. William. 
W. M. Worshipful Master. 



XX. Twenty. 
XXX. Thirty. 
XL. Forty. 
XC. Ninety. 
Xdr., or fdr. Crusader. 
Xmas., or Xm. Christmas. 
Reserve Xn., or Xtian. Christian.^ 

Xnty., or Xty. Christianity. 
Xt. Christ. 



Y. Yttrium. 

Y., or yr. Year. 

Y. B. Year-Book. 

Y. C. Yale CoUege. 

Yd. Yard. 

Yds. Yards. 

Y e . The or Thee. > Note.— The Y in 
this, and similar instances, is a sub- 
stitute for th. 

Y m . Them. 

Y. M. C. A. Young Men's Christian 
Association. 



937 



Dictionary of Most Common Abbreviations 

Y. M. Cath. A. Young Men's Catho Z 

lie Association. 
Y n . Then. Z. Zero. 

Y r . Their. Z. Zinc. 

Yr. Your. Z. Zone. 

Yr. B. Year-Book. Z., or Zr. Zirconium. 

Yrs. Yours, Years. Zach. Zachary. 

Y 8 . This. ' Zeb. Zebulon, Zebedee. 

Y*. That. Zech. Zechariah. 

Y. W. C. A. Young Women's Chris- Zeph. Zephaniah. 

tian Association. Z. G. Zoological Gardens. 

Y. W. C. T. U. Young Women's Zn. Zinc. 

Christian Temperance Union. Zod. Zodiac. 

Y. W. C. U. Young Women's Chris- Zool. Zoology or zoological. 

tian Union. Zr. Zirconium. 






938 



DICTIONARY OF MUSIC 



a ballata, in ballad style. 

a battuta, in exact beat; true time. 

a cappella, in church or chapel 

style; for chorus, without accom- 
paniment. 
a capriccio, as you please. 
a deux temps, two crotchets or beats 

in a bar. 
a due, for two voices or instruments; 

separately or in unison, 
a piacere, at the performer's pleasure 

as to time, 
a quatre mains, for four hands, as 

a pianoforte duet. 
a tempo, in regular time. 
a tre, for three voices or instruments. 
accelerando, gradually quickening the 

movement. 
acciacatura, a species of grace-note. 
accolade, the brace that binds all parts 

of a score. 
accoppiate, parts joined by a brace. 
adagio, slow and sustained. 
adagio assai, very slow and sustained. 
affetto, emotion, feeling. 
afHizione, sorrow, mournfulness. 
air ecossais, a Scotch air. 
alia Polacca, in style of a Polish 

dance. 
alia Siciliana, in style of Sicilian 

shepherd's dance. 
alia zoppa, in constrained, halting, 

syncopated style. 
allegro, quick, livery. 
allegro assai, very quick. 
allegro ma non troppo, quick, but 

not too much so. 
allegretto, cheerful, but not so quick 

as allegro. 
allegretto scherzando, moderately 

vivacious, playfully, but without 

haste. 
al segno, dal segno, to return to 

the similar preceding sign and play 

thence to the word Fine. 



alternative, proceeding alternately 
from one to another movement. 

andante, slow, gentle, soothing. 

andante con moto, slow, but with 
movement, not dragging. 

aria buffa, comic song. 

aria d'abilita, song of difficult exe- 
cution. 

arpeggio, passages formed of the 
notes of regular chords, played in 
succession. 



B 



ben marcato, render passage or air 
in a clear, distinct and strongly 
accented manner. 

bis, twice. Passage marked by a 
curved line under or over it to be 
played or sung twice. 

bravura, boldness, spirit, dash, bril- 
liancy. 

brillante, brilliant, showy, sparkling. 

brio, brilliancy, spirit. 

brise, split into arpeggios; in violin 
playing, short, detached strokes of 
the bow. 

buffo, buffa, humorous, comic, espe- 
cially as applied to an air or a singer. 

burden, a return of the theme of a 
song at the end of each verse. 

burletta, a musical farce. 



calore, warmth, animation. 

cantabile, in singing style. 

cantando, cantante, in singing 
style, smooth and flowing. 

cantata, a vocal composition consist- 
ing of an intermixture of recitative, 
air and chorus. 

capriccio, fanciful, irregular compo- 
sition ; caprice. 

che, than, that. 

coda, a "tail-piece," or concluding 
passage. 



Dictionary of Music 

col arco, with the bow. E 

colla parte, accompanist must ac- 
commodate his temps to the leading energico, with energy, force. 
p ar t. espressivo, with expression. 

colla piu gran forza e prestezza, as 

loud and quick as possible. F 

come, as, like. 

come primo, as at first. nne, end. 

come tempo del tema, same move- nebile, in mournful style, weepingly. 
ment as the theme. t forte, loud. 

commodo, comodo, quietly, with fortissimo, very loud, 
composure. . forza, with force, energy. 

con amore, tenderly, with affection, fresco, fresh, quick, lively. 

con brio ed animato, brilliant and furioso, furiously, with fire, energy, 
animated. intense animation. 

con diligenza, in studied manner. 

con espressione, with expression. G 

con fuoco, with fire, with intense 

animation. giusto, exact, precise. 

con gusto, with taste. t glissando, in gliding manner, sweep- 

con impetuosita, with impetuosity. ing across the keys. 

con energia, with much energy. grazioso, gracefully. 

con moto, with motion, actively, Gregorian music, sacred composi- 
not dragging. . tions, after the style introduced into 

con spirito, with quickness, with the Roman Catholic service by Pope 
spirit. Gregory (about 600 A.D.). 

con variazioni, with variations. gusto, taste. 

con velocita, in swift time. 

con vivacita, with animation. H 

contrapuntal, in the, style of coun- 
terpoint, fugal, with rich and varied harmonic triad, a common chord, 
parts or voices. like C-E-G, F-A-C, G-B-D. 

counterpoint, the science of writing hauptsatz, the principal section of 
parts or melodies in combination. an extended movement. 

crescendo, gradually increasing the hauptstimme, the most prominent 
tone-volume. voice, or part; the voice or part 

which has the theme. 
D haut-contre, counter-tenor, high 

tenor, alto. 

da capo, from the beginning, repeat haut-dessus, first treble, high so- 
from the beginning. prano. 

dal segno, from the sign, or mark of hinstrich, an up-bow. 

repetition. holding-note, a note that is sus- 

decrescendo, gradual decreasing the tained or continued, while others 
tone volume. are in motion. 

delicato, delicatamente, delicately. 

destra, right, right hand. I 

dito, the finger. 

divertissement, short, light compo- il ponticello, in singing, where the 
sition; also airs introduced between natural tone forms a junction with 
the acts of Italian opera. the falsetto; the "break" in a voic 

divoto, in solemn style. impetuoso, with impetuosity. 

dolente, pathetically. impromptu, without study or prep: 

doloroso, in a soft, sorrowful style. ration. 

9*0 



Dictionary of Music 



innocente, innocent, natural, un- 
affected, ingenuous. 

instrumentation, the art of arrang- 
ing music for the various instru- 
ments of an orchestra or band 



1. h., the left hand. 

largamente, sustaining, or broaden- 
ing the chords or tones, ponder- 
ously, with breadth. 

larghetto, time less slow than largo. 

larghissimo, very slowly and broadly. 

largo, a very slow, stately movement. 

legato, smooth, connected, the oppo- 
site of staccato. 

leggiero, with lightness. 

lento, slow. 

lentando, with increasing slowness. 



M 



main droit, the right hand. 

main gauche, the left hand. 

meno mosso, slower movement. 

mesto, pensive, sad, melancholy. 

mezza voce, with moderate strength 
of tone. 

mezzo, half, middle. 

mezzo forte, moderately loud. 

mezzo piano, moderately soft. 

mit begleitung, with accompani- 
ment. 

moderato, with moderation, as alle- 
gro moderate, moderately fast, not 
too fast. 

molto adagio, very slow. 

molto allegro, very fast. 

mordent, a quick trill, with but a 
single stroke of the grace-note (side- 
note). 

morendo, dying away, gradually 
growing softer. 

mormorando, with a gentle, mur- 
muring sound. 

motet, composition of a sacred char- 
acter in several parts; an unaccom- 
panied anthem. 

motive, motivo, leading theme of a 
composition; a brief and charac- 
teristic theme. 

musica di camera, chamber-music; 
music in serious style, intended for 



performance in a house or small 
hall — such as string-quartets, vio- 
lin sonatas, piano trios, etc. 

N 

nachspiel, a postlude. 

non troppo presto, not too fast. 



obbligato, voices or instruments in- 
dispensable to the proper perform- 
ance of a piece; also a part added 
for ornament or display. 

opera buffa, a comic opera. 

ottava, an octave. 

ottava alta, an octave higher. 

ottava bassa, an octave lower. 



parte cantante, the singing part, the 
voice or part which has the sus- 
tained melody. 

pastorale, in rustic or pastoral style. 

perdendo or perdendosi, gradually 
decreasing in speed and volume to 
the last note, which is nearly, if not 
quite, lost on the ear. 

piu forte, louder. 

piu lento, slower. 

piu mosso, with more movement. 

piu piano, softer. 

piu presto, quicker. 

pizzicato, plucked, played with the 
finger, not with the bow. 

poco a poco, gradually. By degrees. 

poco meno, somewhat less. 

poco piano, rather soft. 

poco piu, somewhat more. 

poco presto, rather quick. 

portamento, gliding from one to 
another note. 

premiere, a first performance. 

prestissimo, the most rapid possible 
movement. 

primo, the first. 



rallentando, ritardando, ritenente, 

slackening the speed. 
rondino, rondiletta, rondinetto, 

or rondoletto, a short rondo. 



941 



Dictionary of Music 



rondo, a composition of several strains 
with frequent return to first theme. 



scherzando, in a light, breezy man- 
ner. 

scherzo, a joke or jest; the quick 
movement of a sonata or symphony. 

seconda volta molto crescendo, 
much louder the second time. 

segue il coro, here follows the chorus. 

segue la finale, here follows the 
finale. 

segue senza interruzione, go on; 
do not stop: 

sempre forte, continuing loud, with- 
out decreasing the force. 

sempre piu forte, steadily increas- 
ing in force. 

senza replica, without repetition. 
Da capo senza replica, play from the 
beginning, but disregard repeat- 
marks. 

sin* al fine, to the end. 

slentando, reducing the speed, 
sustained, 
in an undertone, 
with spirit, animation, 



sostenuto, 
sotto voce 
spiritoso, 

energy. 

staccato, short, pointed, detached; 
the opposite of legato. 

stark, loud. 

syncopation, a displacement of ac- 
cent, either by having a rest on a 
strong beat, or by tying a strongly 
accented tone to a weaker. 



tasto solo, played without chords. 
tempo, or a tempo, in time. 
tempo giusto, in exact time. 
tempo primo, in the first or original 

time. 
tenete sino alia fin del suono, keep 

keys down as long as sound lasts. 
tenna, the theme. 
tenuto, sustained; held for the full 

time-value. 
timpani, kettle drums. 
tutti, all voices or instruments, or 

both. 
tre, three; a tre, for three voices or 

instruments. 
tremando, or tremolo, rapid repeti- 
tion of a note or chord, producing a 

tremulous kind of motion. 



variazioni, variations of an air or 

theme. 
veloce, in rapid time. 
vigoroso, vigorously, with energy. 
vivace, with animation. 
vivo, animated, lively. 
voll, full, as mit voile orgel, full organ 
voce, the voice. 

voce di petto, chest or natural voice 
voce di testa, head voice. 
volta, time, turn; as prima volta, the 

first time; una volta, once. 
volti subito, turn the leaf quickly. 



942 



DICTIONARY OF NOTED CHARACTERS IN 
LITERATURE 



Abdiel, the angel who opposed Satan, 
and remained faithful when he re- 
volted. 

Abigail, a common name for a wait- 
ing maid. See I. Sam. xxv. 3. 

Ablewhite, Godfrey, a sneak in 
Wilkie Collins' "The Moonstone." 

Abou Hassan, a character in the 
"Arabian Nights," who is duped for 
a short time into believing himself 
Caliph. 

Absalom, in Dry den's "Absalom and 
Achitophel"; the Duke of Mon- 
mouth, natural son of Charles II. 

Absolute, Captain, a gallant, high- 
spirited character in Sheridan's 
"The Rivals." 

Absolute, Sir Anthony, father of 
the above, an irascible but generous 
character in "The Rivals." 

Achitophel, the Earl of Shaftes- 
bury in Dry den's "Absalom and 
Achitophel." 

Acres, Bob, whose "courage oozes out 
at his fingers' ends," a character 
in "The Rivals." 

Acrasia, in Spenser's "Faerie Queene," 
a witch, the personification of in- 
temperance. 

Adam Bell, a famous archer, cele- 
brated in many old ballads. 

Adams, Parson, a learned, good, 
eccentric, simple^ divine, in Fielding's 
"Joseph Andrews." 

Adriana, the wife of Antipholus, in 
"Comedy of Errors." 

Ague -cheek, Sir Andrew, a foolish 
knight in Shakespeare's "Twelfth 
Night." 

Aladdin, the hero of the "Arabian 
Nights" tales, possessed of a won- 
derful ring and lamp. 

Allworthy, Squire, a benevolent 
character in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 

Alp, the hero of Byron's "Siege of 
Corinth." 



Amadis de Gaul, the hero of a wide- 
spread romance of Portuguese origin. 

Amelia, the heroine of Fielding's 
novel of that name. Drawn from 
Fielding's wife. 

Amine, a wicked woman in the 
"Arabian Nights," who leads her 
three sisters as hounds in a leash. 

Amlet, Richard, a gambler in Van- 
brugh's "Confederacy." 

Amri, in Dryden's "Absalom and 
Achitophel," Sir H. Finch. 

Andrews, Joseph, the hero of Field- 
ing's novel of that name; brave and 
pure. 

Anerley, Mary, the heroine of 
Blackmore's novel of that name. 

Apemantus, a cynic in Shakespeare's 
"Timon of Athens." 

Arden, Enoch, the hero of Tenny- 
son's poem of that name. 

Argante, a giantess in Spenser's 
"Faerie Queene." 

Ariel, a spirit in Shakespeare's 
"Tempest." 

Artful Dodger, a bright young thief 
in Dickens' "Oliver Twist." 

Arthur, King, a legendary British 
king, famous in romance, celebrated 
by Tennyson. 

Ash ton, Lucy,- the heroine of Scott's 
"Bride of Lammermoor." 

Atalanta, one of Diana's maids, 
skilled as an archer, the heroine of 
Swinburne's "Atalanta in Calydon." 

Athelstane, the Unready, a Saxon 
thane in Scott's "Ivanhoe." 

Autolycus, "a snapper up of uncon- 
sidered trifles," in Shakespeare's 
"The Winter's Tale." 



Baba, Ali, a character in the "Ara- 
bian Nights," who, having over- 
heard "sesame," the password of 
the Forty Thieves, opens their cave. 






943 



Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



Baba, Cassim, brother of the above, 
forgets the password. 

Backbite, Sir Benjamin, a slander- 
ous character in Sheridan's "School 
for Scandal.' 



Bellenden, Lady, a Tory gentle- 
woman in Scott's "Old Mortality." 

Belphoebe, in Spenser's "Faerie 
Queene," a portrait of Queen Eliza- 
beth. 



Bagstock, Joe, a pompous boastful Belvidera, the heroine of Otway's 

character in Dickens' "Dombey and 

Son." He always speaks of himself 

in the third person, as "Joey B.," 

"J. B.," "Old Joey," "Josh," etc. 
Bailey, Young, a precocious youth, 

servant, etc., in Dickens' "Martin 

Chuzzlewit." 
Balderstone, Caleb, the master of 

Ravenswood's butler, in Scott's 

"Bride of Lammermoor." 
Balthazar, a merchant in Shakes- 
peare's "Comedy of Errors." 
Balthazar, a servant in Shakespeare's 

"Much Ado About Nothing." 
Banquo, a chieftain in Shakespeare's 

"Macbeth," murdered by Macbeth. 
Bardell, Mrs., a widow who sues Mr. 

Pickwick for breach of promise in 

Dickens' "Pickwick Papers." 
Bardolph, a red-nosed follower of 

Falstaff in Shakespeare's "Henry 

IV." 
Barkis, an eccentric character in 

Dickens' "David Copperfield"; his 

form of proposal was, "Barkis is 

willin'." 
Bath, Major, a pompous person in 

Fielding's "Amelia." 
Bayes, the hero of the Duke of Buck- 
ingham's play of "The Rehearsal," 

a satire upon the poet Dryden. 
Baynes, Charlotte, Philip's, sweet- 
heart in Thackeray's "Philip." 
Bede, Adam, the hero of George 

Eliot's novel of that name. 
Belch, Sir Toby, the bibulous uncle 

of Olivia in Shakespeare's "Twelfth 

Night." 
Belford, the friend of Lovelace in 

Richardson's "Clarissa Harlowe." 
Belinda, the heroine of Pope's "Rape 

of the Lock." 
Bell, Laura, finally marries Arthur Bottom, 

in Thackeray's "Pendennis." 
Bell, Peter, the hero of Words 

worth's poem of that name. 
Bel las ton, Lady, a woman of gal 

lantry in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 



Venice Preserved. 

Benedict, a humorous gentleman in 
Shakespeare's "Love's Labor Lost," 
finally married to Beatrice. 

Bennet, Mrs., a woman of gallantry 
in Fielding's "Amelia." 

Benvolio, in Shakespeare's "Romeo 
and Juliet," the friend of Romeo, 
and nephew of old Montague. 

Bertram, the hero of Shakespeare's 
"All's Well that Ends Well." He 
marries Helena. 

Bianca, Cassio's mistress in Shake- 
speare's "Othello." 

Birch, Harvey, the hero of Cooper's 
"Spy." 

Blifil, a. sneak in Fielding's "Tom 
Jones," nephew of Mr. Airworthy. 

Blimber, Miss Cornelia, a prim 
and grim classical teacher in "Dom- 
bey and Son," subsequently Mrs. 
Feeder, B.A. 

Bobadil, Captain, a swaggering 
poltroon in Ben Jonson's "Every 
Man in His Humor." 

Boeuf , Front de, a ferocious follower 
of King John in Scott's "Ivanhoe." 

Boffin, Noddy, a good-natured, igno- 
rant ex-servant in Dickens' "Our 
Mutual Friend." 

Bois-Guilbert, Brian de, preceptor 
of the Knights Templars in Scott's 
"Ivanhoe." 

Boniface, a landlord in Farquhar's 
"Beaux' Stratagem," hence, gener- 
ally for a landlord. 

Booby, Lady, plays Potiphar's wife 
to Joseph Andrews' Joseph in Field- 
ing's "Joseph Andrews." 

Booth, the hero of Fielding's 
"Amelia," husband of Amelia, said 
to be Fielding. 

Nick, the weaver-actor in 
Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
Dream," beloved of Titania. 

Bounderby, Josiah, a wealthy man- 
ufacturer and matter-of-fact man 
in Dickens' "Hard Times." 



944 




Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



Bowles, Tom, blacksmith and man- Chadband, an oily, hypocritical 
ufacturer in Bulwer's "Kenelm preacher in Dickens' "Bleak House." 
Chillingly." Chamont, leading male character in 

Bowline, Tom, a very nautical per- Otway's "The Orphans." 

son in Smollett's "Roderick Ran- Chillingly, Kenelm, hero of Bul- 
dom." wer's novel of that name. 

Box and Cox, the heroes of Morton's Christabel, heroine of Coleridge's 
farce of that name. poem of that name. 



Bradwardine, Baron, in Scott's 
"Waverly," father of Rose B. 

Bramble, Matthew, a very dyspep- 
tic person in Smollett's "Humphry 
Clinker." 

Brangtons, vulgarians in Miss Bur- 
ney's "Evelina." 

Brass, Sally and Sampson, sister 
and brother, shvsters in Dickens' 
"Old Curiosity Shop." 

Brick, Jefferson, an American pa- 
triot in Dickens' "Martin Chuz- 
zlewit." 

Bridgenorth, Major Ralph, promi- 
nent in Scott's "Peveril of the Peak." 

Bridget, Mrs., a remarkable lady in 
Sterne's "Tristram Shandy." 

Brown, Tom, the hero of Thomas 
Hughes' "Tom Brown at Oxford," 
etc. 

Bucket, Inspector, the detective in 
Dickens' "Bleak House." 

Bumble, the conceited beadle in 
Dickens' "Oliver Twist." 



Christiana, wife of Christian in 
Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress." 

Chuzzlewit, Jonas, miser and mur- 
derer in Dickens' "Martin Chuzzle- 
wit," 

Chuzzlewit, Martin, the selfish hero 
of Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit. " 

Clare, Ada, ward of Jarndyce, wife 
of Carstone in Dickens' "Bleak 
House." 

Clifford, Paul, highwayman hero of 
Bulwer's novel of that name. 

Clinker, Humphry, hero of Smol- 
lett's novel of that name. 

Ccelebs, the hero of Hanna More's 
"Ccelebs in Search of a Wife." 

Coldstream, Sir Charles, blase per- 
son in Mathew's "Used Up." 

Consuelo, heroine of George Sand's 
novel of that name. 

Copper Captain, the, the nickname 
of Perez, braggart and coward in 
Beaumont and Fletcher's "Rule a 
Wife and Have a Wife." 

Copperfield, David, the hero of 
Dickens' "David Copperfield." 
Caius, Doctor, Welsh suitor of Anne Cordelia, the youngest and faithful 



the "Merry Wives of 



Page's in 

Windsor." 
Caliban, a monstrosity in Shake 

speare's "Tempest." 
Candor, Mrs., a slanderer in 

dan's "The Rivals." 
Carker, a plausible scoundrel 



Sheri- 



daughter of Lear in Shakespeare's 
"King Lear." 
Corinne, heroine of Mme. de Stael's 

romance of that name. 
Costigan, Captain, a bibulous and 
disreputable person in Thackeray's 
"Pendennis." 
aging clerk of Mr. Dombey in "Dom- Coverley, Sir Roger de, country 
bey and Son." gentleman in Addison's "Spectator." 

Cassio, Othello's lieutenant in Shake- Crane, Ichabod, the schoolmaster in 



speare's "Othello." 

Caudle, Mrs., scold and heroine of 
Douglas Jerrold's "Curtain Lec- 
tures." 

Caustic, Colonel, satirical character 
in Mackenzie's "Lounger." 

Celia, cousin of Rosalind and daugh- Crummies, Vincent, theatrical man 
ter of Frederick in Shakespeare's ager in Dickens'" Nicholas Nick 
"As You Like It," leby." 

945 



Irving's "Legend of Sleepy Hollow." 
Crawley, Rawdon, the husband of 
Becky Sharpe in Thackeray's "Van- 
ity Fair." 
Cressida, heroine of Shakespeare's 
'Troilus and Cressida. 



Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



Crusoe, Robinson, hero of De Foe's 

"Robinson Crusoe." 
Cuttle, Captain, simple nautical 

person in Dickens' "Dombey and 

Son." 
Cymbeline, a British king, whose 

name is preserved in Shakespeare's 

"Cymbeline." 



Dalgarno, Lord, a profligate young 
Scotch nobleman in Scott's "The 
Fortunes of Nigel." 

Davy, Shallow's servant in Shake- 
speare's "Second Part of Henry IV." 

Deans, Douce Davie, pious Presby- 
terian in Scott's "The Heart of Mid- 
Lothian"; father of Effie and Jeanie. 

Deans, Effie, a betrayed woman in 
the same. 

Deans, Jeanie, the heroine of the 
same. 

Dedlock, Lady, proud, beautiful, and 
unfortunate character in Dickens' 
"Bleak House." 

Dedlock, Sir Leicester, husband of 
the above, narrow-minded but noble. 

Delamaine, Geoffrey, a muscular man 
in Wilkie Collins' "Man and Wife." 

Delphine, heroine of Mme. de StaeTs 
novel of that name. 

Deronda, Daniel, the hero of George 
Eliot's novel of that name. 

Desdemona, heroine of Shakespeare's 
"Othello," wife of Othello. 

Diddler, Jeremy, impecunious swin- 
dler in Kinny's farce of "Raising 
the Wind." 

Dimsdale, Rev. Arthur, the seducer 
of Hester Prynne in Hawthorne's 
"Scarlet Letter." 

Dods, Meg, the landlady in Scott's 
"St. Ronan's Well." 

Dods.on and Fogg, shyster attornevs 
for Mrs. Bardell in Dickens' "Pick- 
wick Papers." 

Dogberry, an absurd Mrs. Parting- 
ton constable in Shakespeare's 
"Much Ado About Nothing." 

Dombey, Florence, in "Dombey and 
Son," marries Walter Gay. 

Dombey, Mr., a proud, stern mer- 
chant in Dickens' "Dombey and 
Son." 



Dombey, Paul, sickly little son of 
the above. 

Dominie, Sampson, eccentric school- 
master in Scott's "Guy Mannering." 

Don Quixote, the hero of Cervantes' 
romance of that name; made insane 
by excessive reading of the romances 
of chivalry. 

Dora, David Copperfield's first and 
child wife in Dickens' "David Cop- 
perfield." 

Dorimant, the fashionable hero of 
Etherege's "The Man of Mode." 

Dorothea, the heroine of George Eli- 
ot's "Middlemarch." 

Dorrit, Edward, "the father of the 
Marshalsea," in Dickens' "Little 
Dorrit." 

Drawcansir, the bully in the Duke 
of Buckingham's "Rehearsal." 

Dulcinea del Toboso, a country 
maid, beloved of Don Quixote. 

Dundreary, Lord, an original in 
Taylor's "Our American Cousin." 



Edgar, legitimate son of Gloucester 
in Shakespeare's "King Lear." 

Edmund, natural son of Gloucester. 

Emilia, wife of Iago in Shakespeare's 
"Othello." 

Escalus, associated with Angelo in 
the government in Shakespeare's 
"Measure for Measure." 

Esmond, Beatrix, the beautiful 
heroine of Thackeray's "Henry Es- 
mond." 

Eugenia, the beautiful but unfortu- 
nate heroine of Hafdy's "Return of 
the Native." 

Evangeline, heroine of Longfellow's 
poem of that name. 

Evans, Sir Hugh, a Welsh parson in 
Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
Windsor." 

Evelina, the heroine of Miss Burney's 
novel of that name. 

Eyre, Jane, the heroine of Charlotte 
Bronte's novel of that name. 



Fag, a lying servant in Sheridan's 
"The Rivals." 



946 



Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



lit 



gin, Jew thief, and receiver in 
Dickens' "Oliver Twist." 
ithful, Jacob, the hero of Marry- 
att's novel of that name. 
alkland, a jealous character in 
Sheridan's "The Rivals." 
Istaff, Sir John, the greatest of 
Shakespeare's comic creations, in 
"Merry Wives of Windsor," and 
"Henry IV." 

anny, a pretty schoolmistress, hero- 
ine of Hardy's "Under the Green- 
wood Tree." 

at Boy, the, given to mince pies and 
sleep, in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- 
pers." 

Faust, the hero of Goethe's poem of 
that name; sells his soul to the devil. 

Feeble, one of Falstaff's "most forci- 
ble" recruits in Shakespeare's "Hen- 
ry IV." 

Felton, Septimius, the hero of 
Hawthorne's romance of that name. 

Ferdinand, son of the King, marries 
Miranda in Shakespeare's "Tem- 
pest." 

errers, Endymion, the hero of 
Disraeli's "Endymion." 

Figaro, the sharp-witted hero of 
Beaumarchais' "Le Mariage de Fi- 
garo." 

Firmin, Philip, the hero of. Thack- 
eray's "The Adventures of Philip." 

Florizel, the Prince of Bohemia in 
Shakespeare's "Winter's Tale." 

Fluellen, a pedantic Welsh captain 
in Shakespeare's "Henry V." 

Foker, Harry, a good-natured, sim- 
ple friend of Arthur's in Thackeray's 
"Pendennis." 

Fondlewife, a vexatious old fellow 
in Congreve's "Old Bachelor." 

Foppington, Lord, a weak-brained 
fop in Vanbrugh's "The Relapse." 

Fosco, Count, a subtle all-accom- 
plished villain, in Collins' "Woman 
in White." 

Frankenstein, a monstrous creation 
which gives its name to a romance 
by Mrs. Shelley. 

Friar Tuck, the jolly and inseparable 
companion of Robin Hood. 

Friday, Crusoe's servant and man in 
De Foe's "Robinson Crusoe." 



Gamp, Sarah, a nurse, talkative and 
bibulous, in Dickens' "Martin Chuz- 
zlewit," the friend of Betsey Prig. 

Gargantua, the hero of Rabelais' 
work of that name. 

Gaunt, Griffith, husband of Kate, 
the nominal hero of Reade's "Grif- 
fith Gaunt." 

Gay, Walter, nephew of Sol Gills, 
husband of Florence Dombey in 
Dickens' "Dombey and Son." 

Gihbie, Goose, a half-witted boy in 
Scott's "Old Mortality." 

Gil Bias, the hero of a celebrated 
novel of Spanish manners by Le Sage. 

Gills, Sol, nautical-instrument seller 
in Dickens' "Dombey and Son." 

Gilpin, John, a "London Citizen," 
whose ride is celebrated by Cowper. 

Ginevra, the heroine of a poem by 
Samuel Rogers. 

Gobbo, Launcelot, a merry servant 
in Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
ice." 

Goneril, Lear's eldest daughter in 
Shakespeare's "King Lear." 

Gonzalo, an honest old counselor in 
Shakespeare's "Tempest." 

Gosling, Giles, the landlord in 
. Scott's "Kenilworth." 

Gradgrind, Jeremiah, a lover of 
"facts" in Dickens' "Hard Times." 

Gradgrind, Louisa, daughter of the 
above, and wife of Josiah Boun- 
derby. 

Grandison, Sir Charles, the elab- 
orate hero of Richardson's novel of 
that name. 

Gray, Vivian, the hero of Disraeli's 
novel of that name. 

Greaves, Sir Launcelot, the hero 
of a novel by Smollett. 

Grundy, Mrs, a character in Mor- 
ton's "Speed the Plough." 

Gulliver, Lemuel, the hero of 
Swift's "Gulliver's Travels." 



Hamlet, the hero of Shakespeare's 

tragedy of that name. 
Harley, the hero of Mackenzie's 

"Man of Feeling." 



947 



Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



Harlowe, Clarissa, the unfortunate 
heroine of Richardson's novel of 
that name. 

Harris, Mrs, a non-existent person 
who is constantly referred to, and 
whose identity is stoutly asserted by 
Mrs. Gamp in Dickens' "Martin 
Chuzzlewit." 

Headstone, Bradley, a passionate 
schoolmaster in Dickens' "Our Mu- 
tual Friend." 

Heep, Uriah, a hypocritical sneak 
in Dickens' "David Copperfield." 

Helena, the heroine of Shakespeare's 
"All's Well that Ends Well." 

Hero, daughter of Leonato in Shake- 
speare's "Much Ado About Noth- 
ing." 

Hexam, Lizzie, in love with Wray- 
burn in Dickens' "Our Mutual 
Friend." 

Holofernes, a pedantic schoolmaster 
in Shakespeare's "As You Like It." 

Holt, Felix, the hero of George Eli- 
ot's novel of that name. 

Honeyman, Charles, a fashionable 
preacher in Thackeray's "New- 
comes." 

Honor, Mrs., Sophia Western's wait- 
ing-woman in Fielding's "Tom 
Jones." 

Hopeful, a pilgrim in Bunyan's 
"Pilgrim's Progress." 

Horatio, _ the "scholar" friend of 
Hamlet in Shakespeare's "Hamlet." 

Howe, Miss, the friend of the hero- 
ine in Richardson's "Clarissa Har- 
lowe." 

Hudibras, the hero of Butler's poem 
of that name; a model Presbyterian. 

Hunter, Mr. and Mrs. Leo., "Hon" 
hunters in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- 
pers." 



Iago, the villain in Shakespeare's 

"Othello." 
Imogen, the heroine of Shakespeare's 

"Cymbeline." 
Isabella, the heroine of Shakespeare's 

"Measure for Measure." 
Ivanhoe- the hero of Scott's novel of 

that name. 



Jack, Colonel, the hero of De Foe's 
novel of that name. 

Jamer, the hero of Otway's "Venice 
Preserved." 

Jaques, a melancholy philosopher in 
Shakespeare's "As You Like It." 

Jarndyce, John, a benevolent gen- 
tleman in "Bleak House." 

Javert, a detective in Victor Hugo's 
"Les Miserables." 

Jessica, daughter of Shylock in 
Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
ice." 

Jingle, Alfred, an adventurer in 
Dickens' "Pickwick Papers." 



Katherine, a lady in attendance up- 
on the French princess in Shake- 
speare's "Love's Labor Lost." 

Kilmansegg, Miss, the heroine 
(with one golden leg) of Hood's 
"The Golden Legend." 

Kitely, merchant and jealous hus- 
band in Ben Jonson's "Every M 
in His Humor." 



" 



Lady Bountiful, a gentlewoman in 
Farquhar's "The Beaux' Stratagem." 

Laertes, the son of Polonius in 
Shakespeare's "Hamlet," "killed by 
his own poisoned foil. 

Lafeu, a witty old lord, attendant of 
the French princess, in Shakespeare's 
"Love's Labor Lost." 

Lalla Rookh, the heroine of Moore's 
poem of that name. 

Languish, Lydia, the romantic hero- 
ine of Sheridan's "The Rivals." 

Lear, the hero of Shakespeare's trag- 
edy of King Lear, father of Regan, 
Goneril, and Cordelia. 

Leatherstocking, Natty, otherwise 
Natty Bumpo, hunter, the most 
famous of Cooper's characters; he 
appears in "The Pioneer," "The 
Last of the Mohicans," "The Path- 
finder," "The' Deerslayer," and 
"The Prairie." 



948 



Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



Legree, a brutal slave-master in Mrs. 
Stowe's ''Uncle Tom's Cabin." 

Leigh, Aurora, the heroine of Mrs. 
Browning's poem-novel of that name. 

Leila, the heroine of Byron's romantic 
poem, "The Giaour." 

Leonts, the King of Sicily in Shake- 
speare's "Winter's Tale." 

Lightwood, Mortimer, barrister, 
and friend of Eugene -Wray burn in 
Dickens' "Our Mutual Friend." 

Lismahago, Captain, a retired 
Scotch officer, suitor of Tabitha 
Bramble in Smollett's "Humphry 
Clinker." 

Little, Henry, the hero of Reade's 
"Put Yourself in His Place." 

Little Nell, a precocious and good 
child in Dickens' "Old Curiositv 
Shop." 

Locksley, an archer in Scott's "Ivan- 
hoe," the name of Robin Hood. 

Long Tom Coffin, in Cooper's "The 
Pilot," the most famous of his sea 
characters. 

Lorenzo, the lover of Jessica in 
Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice." 

Lothair, Marquis of, the hero of 
Disraeli's "Lothair;" the Marauis 
of Bute. 

Lothario, a rake in Rowe's tragedy 
of "The Fair Penitent," 

Lovelace, a man of fashion and gal- 
lantly, the hero of Richardson's 
"Clarissa Harlowe." 

Lucio, a witty gossip and liar in 
Shakespeare's "Measure for Meas- 
ure." 

Lumpkin, Tony, an oafish country 
squire in Goldsmith's "She Stoops 
to Conquer." 

M 

Macbeth, thane of Cawdor, hero of 
Shakespeare's tragedy of that name. 

Macduff, a Scottish chief, the slayer 
of Macbeth in Shakespeare's "Mac- 
beth." 

Mac Ivor, Flora, the heroine of 
Scott's "Rob Roy." 

Mackenzie, Mrs., a termagant wid- 
ow, mother-in-law of Clive, in 
Thackeray's "Newcomes." 

Malagrowther, Sir Mungo, an old, 






ill-natured courtier in Scott's 'Tor- 
tunes of Nigel." 

Malaprop, Mrs., famed for verbal 
blunders, a character in Sheridan's 
"The Rivals.'; 

Malvolio, Olivia's conceited steward 
in Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night." 

Manfred, the gloomy, solitary hero 
of Byron's tragedy of that name. 

Manson, ./Eneas, the villain in Har- 
dy's "Desperate Remedies." 

Mantalini, the dandy husband of a 
milliner in Dickens' "Nicholas Nick- 
leby." 

Marchioness, The, the little ill-used 
maid-servant of the Brasses, in 
Dickens' "Old Curiosity Shop." 

Margaret, the heroine of Goethe's 
"Faust," seduced by Faust. 

Mariana, the deserted wife of Angelo 
in Shakespeare's "Measure for 
Measure." 

Mariana, the daughter of Pericles, in 
Shakespeare's "Pericles, Prince of 
Tyre." 

Marlow, Young, the hero of Gold- 
smith's "She Stoops to Conquer." 

Medora, the heroine of Byron's "The 
Corsair." 

Merdle, Mr., a speculator and finan- 
cier in Dickens' "Little Dorrit." 

Meister, Wilhelm, the hero of Goe- 
the's novel of that name. 

Mephistopheles, the devil in Goe- 
the's "Faust." 

Mercutio, a highly-accomphshed 
friend of Romeo in Shakespeare's 
"Romeo and Juliet." 

Micawber, Wilkins, " always "wait- 
ing for something to turn up," in 
Dickens' "David Copperfield." 

Miggs, Miss, elderly servant of Mrs. 
Varden, enamored of Tappertit in 
Dickens' "Barnaby Rudge." 

Miller, Daisy, the very American 
heroine of Henry James Jr.'s novel- 
ette of that name. 

Minna, joint heroine with Brenda, of 
Scott's "The Pirate." 

Miranda, daughter of Prospero, loved 
by Ferdinand in Shakespeare's "The 
Tempest." 

Monimia, the heroine of Otway's 
"The Orphan." 



949 



Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



Moth, Armado's page in Shakes- 
peare's "Love's Labor Lost." 

Mouldy, one of Falstaff's recruits in 
Shakespeare's "2d Part of King 
Henry IV." 

Mucklewrath, Habakkuk, a fanati- 
cal preacher in Scott's "Old Mor- 
tality." 

N 

Nathaniel, Sir, a remarkable curate 
in Shakespeare's "Love's Labor 
Lost." 

Nerissa, Portia's waiting-woman in 
Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
ice." 

Neuchatel, Adriana, a very rich 
young lady in Disraeli's "Endy- 
mion." 

Newcome, Clive, the hero of Thack- 
eray's "The Newcomes," son of the 
Colonel. 

Newcome, Colonel, a simple, noble 
gentleman in Thackeray's "The 
Newcomes." 

Newcome, Ethel, the beautiful 
cousin, and finally the wife, of Clive 
Newcome. 

Nickleby, Mrs., an irrelevant and 
credulous person in Dickens' "Nicho- 
las Nickleby." 

Nickleby, Nicholas, the hero of 
Dickens' novel of that name. 

Noma, a sort of insane Sibyl in 
Scott's "The Pirate." 

Nydia, a blind flower-girl in Bul- 
wer's "The Last Days of Pompeii." 

Nym, a rascally follower of Falstaff's 
in Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
Windsor." 



Obadiah, a servant in Sterne's "Tris- 
tram Shandy." 
Oberon, King of the Fairies in 

Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 

Dream." 
Ochiltree, Edie, a beggar who plays 

a prominent part in Scott's "The 

Antiquary." 
Oldbuck, Jonathan, connoisseur 

and collector, gives his name to 

Scott's "The Antiquary." 



Old Mortality, gravestone cleaner, 
gives his name to Scott's "Old Mor- 
tality." 

Olifaunt, Nigel, the hero of Scott's 
"The Fortunes of Nigel." 

Oliver, elder brother of Orlando in 
Shakespeare's "As You Like It." 

Ophelia, daughter of Polonius, in 
love with Hamlet, in Shakespeare's 
"Hamlet." 

Orlando, the nephew of Charle- 
magne, hero of Ariosto's "Orlando 
Furioso." 

Orlando, the son of Sir Rowland, 
and lover of Rosalind in Shake- 
speare's "As You Like It." 

Orsino, the Duke of Illyria, in Shake- 
speare's "Twelfth Night." 

Orville, Lord, the lover of Evelina, 
in Miss Burney's novel of that name. 

Osric, an affected courtier in Shake- 
speare's "Hamlet." 

Othello, husband of Desdemona, and 
hero of Shakespeare's "Othello." 

O'Trigger, Sir Lucius, an Irish ad- 
venturer in Sheridan's "The Rivals." 

Overreach, Sir Giles, a usurer in 
Massinger's "A New Way to Pay 
Old Debts." 



Page, Mrs., beloved of Falstaff. 

Page, Anne, beloved of Felton and 
Dr. Caius in Shakespeare's "Merry 
Wives of Windsor." 

Pamela, the ever-virtuous heroine of 
Richardson's novel of that name. 

Pangloss, a pedant in Colman's "The 
Heir at Law." 

Pantagruel, the learned and mighty- 
stomached hero of Rabelais' satire 
of that name. 

Panurge, the licentious and cowardly 
follower of Pantagruel. 

Parisina, in love with her stepson, 
the heroine of Byron's "Parisina." 

Parolles, the lying and cowardly at- 
tendant of Bertram in Shakespeare's 
"All's Well that Ends Well." 

Partridge, barber and schoolmaster, 
the trusty follower of Fielding's 
"Tom Jones." 

Pecksniff, Miss Charity, beloved of 



950 



Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



Moddle in Dickens' ' 'Martin Chuz- 
zlewit." 

Pecksniff, Mercy, wife of Jonas 
Chuzzlewit. 

Pecksniff, Mr., architect and hypo- 
crite, father of the above. 

Peebles, Peter, drunkard and liar in 
Scott's "Red Gauntlet." 

Pendennis, Arthur, the clever and 
conceited hero of Thackeray's "Pen- 
dennis." 

Pendennis, Helen, a noble woman, 
mother of Arthur. 

Pendennis, Major, an elderly man 
of fashion, uncle of Arthur. 

Perdita, the sweetheart of Florizel 
in Shakespeare's "Winter's Tale." 

Petruchio, the madcap husband of 
Katherine in Shakespeare's "Tam- 
ing of the Shrew." 

Pickle, Peregrine, the dissolute 
hero of Smollett's "The Adventures 
of Peregrine Pickle." 

Pickwick, Samuel, the hero of 
Dickens' "Pickwick Papers," foun- 
der of the "Pickwick Club." 

Pierre, one of the conspirators in Ot- 
way's "Venice Preserved." 

Pinch, Miss, Tom's pretty sister, 
John Westlock's sweetheart, in 
Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit." 

Pinch, Tom, a simple, noble charac- 
ter in Mr. Pecksniff's family. 

Pipes, Tom, a retired boatswain's 
mate, in Smollett's "Peregrine 
Pickle." 

Pistol, Ancient, a swaggering, loud- 
mouthed, rascally follower of Fal- 
staff in Shakespeare's "Merry Wives 
of Windsor" and "Henry IV." 

Pleydell, Paulus, a lawyer in Scott's 
"Guy Mannering." • 

Poins, Ned, a gay companion of the 
young Prince in_ Shakespeare's 
''Henry IV." 

Polonius, the lord chamberlain of 
the King of Denmark in Shake- 
speare's "Hamlet." 

Portia, the heroine of Shakespeare's 
"Merchant of Venice." 

Posthumus, the husband of Imogen 
in Shakespeare's "Cymbeline." 

Poundtetx, Peter, a preacher in 
Scott's "Old Mortality.". 



Primrose, Doctor, the noble-minded 
vicar in Goldsmith's "Vicar of Wake- 
field." 

Primrose, Moses, his simple, cred- 
ulous son. 

Proteus, one of Shakespeare's "Two 
Gentlemen of Verona." 

Proudf ute, a bonnet-maker in Scott's 
"Fair Maid of Perth." 

Prynne, Hester, the heroine of Haw- 
thorne's "Scarlet Letter." 

Pumblechook, Uncle, bully and 
sycophant in Dickens' "Great Ex- 
pectations." 

Pynchon, Phoebe, the heroine of 
Hawthorne's "House of the Seven 
Gables." 



Quasimodo, a deformed monster in 
Victor Hugo's "Our Lady." 

Quickly, Mrs., hostess of the East- 
cheap tavern in Shakespeare's 
"Henry IV." 

Quilp, a vicious, ill-tempered dwarf 
in Dickens' "Old Curiosity. Shop." 

Quince, Peter, carpenter-actor in 
Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
Dream." 



Random, Roderick, the sensual, un- 
feeling hero of Smollett's novel of 

that name. 
Rashleigh, the villain in Scott's 

"Rob Roy." 
Rasselas, prince of Abyssinia, the 

hero of Dr. Johnson's romance of 

that name. 
Rattler, Jack, a nautical character 

in Smollett's "Roderick Random." 
Ravens wood, the haughty hero of 

Scott's "Bride of Lammermoor." 
Rebecca, a gentle, lovable Jewess, 

the real heroine of Scott's "Ivanhoe." 
Red Gauntlet, the violent hero of 

Scott's novel of that name. 
Regan, the second daughter of Lear 

in Shakespeare's "King Lear." 
Rob Roy, a Scottish chief whose 

name is given to one of Scott's 

novels! 



951 



Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



Roderigo, a dupe of Iago in Shakes- 
speare's "Othello." 

Romeo, a Montague, beloved of 
Juliet in Shakespeare's "Romeo and 
Juliet." 

Romola, the heroine of George Eliot's 
novel of that name. 

Rosalind, daughter of the deposed 
Duke in Shakespeare's' 'As You Like 
It." 

Rosaline, an attendant of the French 
princess in Shakespeare's "Love's- 
Labor Lost." 

Rosencrantz, a courtier in Shake- 
speare's "Hamlet." 

Rowena, a Saxon princess, the osten- 
sible heroine of Scott's "Ivanhoe." 

Roxana, one of Nathaniel Lee's 
"Rival Queens." 

Rudge, Barnaby, a half-witted 
youth, the hero of Dickens' "Bar- 
naby Rudge." 

Rugby, a servant of Dr. Caius in 
Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
Windsor." 

Ruggiero, a Saracen knight of Ari- 
osto's "Orlando Furioso." He has 
a winged horse, the hippogriff. 



Sabrina, a river-nymph in Milton's 
"Comus." 

Sacripant, King of Cirassia, in love 
with Angelica in Ariosto's "Orlando 
Furioso." 

Saddletree, Bartoline, a learned 
peddler in Scott's "Heart of Mid- 
Lothian." 

Salanio, a friend of Antonio in 
Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
ice." 

Sampson, servant of Capulet in 
Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet." 

Sandford, Harry, one of the heroes 
of Day's "History of Sandford and 
Merton." 

Sangrado, Doctor, a physician in 
Le Sage's "Gil Bias;" he is always 
bleeding his patients; a satire on 
Helvetius. 

Scheherezade, Queen, the Sultaness 
who tells the tales in "The Arabian 
Nights." 

S lilemihl, Peter, hero of Chamis- 



so's work of that name; sells his 

shadow to the devil. 
Scrub, a facetious valet in Farquhar's 

"The Beaux' Stratagem." 
Sedley, Amelia, an amiable woman 

in Thackeray's "Vanity Fair." She 

has many lovable qualities, but no 

talent or force of character. 
Sedley, Joseph, a rich, fat, selfish, 

bashful East Indian in Thackeray's' 

"Vanity Fair." 
Selim, the hero of Byron's poem, 

"The Bride of Abydos." 
Shafton, Sir Piercie, a pedantic 

courtier in Scott's "The Monastery." 
Shallow, a silly gentleman in Shake- 
speare's "Merry Wives of Windsor." 
Shandy, Mrs., a woman of no force 

of character in Sterne's "Tristram 

Shandy." 
Shandy, Tristram, her son, no 

nally the hero of that novel. 
Shandy, Walter, Tristram's ecce 

trie father, a man of strange opinions. 
Sharp, Rebecca, the clever, selfish 

heroine of Thackeray's "Vanity 

Fair." 
Shylock, a vindictive Jew in Shake- 
speare's "Merchant of Venice." 
Silence, a simple gentleman in Shak 

speare's "Second Part of Henry IV 
Silvia, the sweetheart of Valentine in 

Shakespeare's "Two Gentlemen of 

Verona." 
Simple, the servant of Slender in 

Shakespeare's "Merry .Wives of 

Windsor." 
Skimpole, Harold, a gay, child-like, 

impecunious "beat" in Dickens' 

"Bleak House." 
Slender, a silly suitor of Anne Page's 

in Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 

Windsor." 
Slipslop, Mrs., a waiting-woman of 

more than doubtful character in 

Fielding's "Joseph Andrews." 
Slop, Doctor, an irascible physician 

in Sterne's "Tristram Shandy." 
Sly, Christopher, a drunken tinker 

in the "Induction" to "The Taming 

of the Shrew." 
Slyme, Chevy, impecunious "gent" 

in Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit." 
Smike, a poor, half-witted pupil of 



e- 



952 



Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



Squeers in Dickens' "Nicholas Nick- 
leby." 

Sneerwell, Lady, a gossip and back- 
biter in Sheridan's "School for 
Scandal." 

Snodgrass, Augustus, a poetical 
companion of Mr. Pickwick in 
Dickens' "Pickwick Papers." 

Snout, a tinker and amateur actor in 
Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
Dream." 

Snow, Lucy, the heroine of Char- 
lotte Bronte's "Villette." 

Snug, a joiner and amateur actor in 
Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
Dream." 

Sparkler, Edmund, ass and man of 
fashion in Dickens' "Little Dorrit." 

Speed, the punning servant of Val- 
entine in the "Two Gentlemen of 
Verona." 

Square, pedant, philosopher, and 
moralist in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 

Squeers, Wackford, the brutal mas- 
ter of the Dotheboys Hall in Dick- 
ens' "Nicholas Nickleby." 

Squeers, Master Wackford, in the 
same, a spoiled child, and chip of 
the old block. 

St. Leon, the hero of William God- 
win's novel of that name; he has the 
secret of perpetual youth, and of the 
transmutation of the metals. 

Starveling, tailor and amateur ac- 
tor in Shakespeare's "Midsummer 
Night's Dream." 

Steerforth, James, talented but 
profligate character in Dickens' 
"David Copperfield." 

Steggs, Miss Carolina Wilhelmina 
Amelia, in Goldsmith's "Vicar of 
Wateefield," a vulgar pretender to 
gentility. 

Stephano, a bibulous butler in 
Shakespeare's "Tempest." 

Stiggens, Elder, - in Dickens' "Pick- 
wick Papers," fond of pineapple rum 
and Mrs. Weller. ' / 

Strap, Hugh, a faithful follower of 
Roderick Random in Smollett's 
"Roderick Random." 

Surface, Sir Charles, a brilliant, 
generous rake in Sheridan's "School 
for Scandal." 



Surface, Joseph, a hypocrite in the 

same play. 
Swiveller, Dick, a gay, rattle-pated 

fellow in Dickens' "Old Curiosity 

Shop." 



Tamora, the Gothic queen in Shake- 
speare's "Titus Andronicus." 

Tapley, Mark, "the jolly-under-diffi- 
culties" servant in Dickens' "Martin 
Chuzzlewit." 

Tapper tit, Simon, a small but fero- 
cious apprentice in Dickens' "Bar- 
naby Rudge." 

Tartuffe, the hypocritical hero of 
Moliere's play of that name. 

Teazle, Lady, the heroine of Sheri- 
dan's "School for Scandal." 

Teazle, Sir Peter, her old husband. 

Thalaba, "The Destroyer," hero of 
a poem by §>outhey. 

Thersites, a foul-mouthed Greek in 
Homer's "Iliad," and Shakespeare's 
"Troilus and Cressida." 

Thwackum, philosopher and peda- 
gogue in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 

Tilburina, a very much crossed-in- 
love maiden, in Sheridan's "The 
Critic." 

Timon, a misanthropic Athenian, 
hero of Shakespeare's "Timon of 
Athens." 

Tinto, Dick, an artist in Scott's 
"Bride of Lammermoor," and "St. 
Ronan's Well." 

Titania, queen of the fairies in 
Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
Dream." 

Titmouse, Tittlebat, the vulgar 
hero of Warren's "Ten Thousand a 
Year," the type of the "gent." 

Tito, the handsome but weak hero of 
George Eliot's "Romola." 

Todgers, Mrs., keeper of a commer- 
cial boarding-house in Dickens' 
"Martin Chuzzlewit." 

Toots, a simple, eccentric fellow in 
Dickens' "Dombey and Son." 

Topsy, an ignorant young slave-girl 
in Mrs. Stowe's "Uncle Tom'3 
Cabin." 

Touchstone, a clown in Shakespeare's 
"As You Like It." 



953 



Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 

Touchwood, Peregrine, an irascible U 
East Indian in Scott's "St. Roman's 

Well." Ulrica, an old witch in Scott's "Ivan- 

Tox, Miss, a simple and eccentric hoe." 

spinster in Dickens' "Dombey and Una, the personification of Truth in 

Son." Spenser's "Faerie Queene." 

Traddles, Tom, barrister, and friend Uncas, a Mohican chief in Cooper's 

of Copperfield in Dickens' "David "The Last of the Mohicans." 

Copperfield." Uncle Toby, a noble old' soldier, the 

Trania, Lucentio's servant in Shake- hero of Sterne's "Tristram Shandy." 

speare's "Taming of the Shrew." Uncle Tom, a pious slave, the hero 

Trapbois, a usurer in Scott's "The of Mrs. Stowe's "Uncle Tom's 

Fortunes of Nigel." Cabin." 

Trim, Corporal, the trusty follower 

of Uncle Toby in Sterne's "Tristram V 
Shandy." 

Trinculo, a jester in Shakespeare's Valentine, one of Shakespeare's 

"Tempest." "Two Gentlemen of Verona." 

Troil, Magnus, a wealthy Zetlander Varden, Dolly, the heroine of Dick- 

in Scott's "The Pirate." ens' "Barnaby Rudge." 

Trotwood, Betsy, Copperfield's kind, Vathek, the hero of Beckford's East- 
eccentric aunt in Dickens' "David ern romance, of great gifts, but of 
Copperfield." violent passions and inordinate am- 

Trulliber, Parson, an ignorant cler- bition. 

gyman in Fielding's "Joseph An- Verges, a silly, self-important watch- 

drews." man in Shakespeare's "Much Ado 

Trunnion, Commodore Hawser, an about Nothing." 

eccentric nautical character in Smol- Vernon, Die, the heroine of Scott's 

lett's "Peregrine Pickle." "Rob Roy." 

Tulkinghorn, Mr., a crafty solicitor Vholes, a cold-blooded, crafty solici- 

in Dickens' "Bleak House." tor in Dickens' "Bleak House." 

Tulliver, Maggie, the heroine of Vincentio, Duke of Vienna, in Shake- 
George Eliot's "Mill on the Floss." speare's "Measure for Measure." 

Tulliver, Tom, her selfish, conceited Viola, in love with Orsino in Shake- 
brother, speare's "Twelfth Night." 

Tupman, Tracy, a fat lover of the Virgilia, wife of Coriolanus in Shake- 
fair sex in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- speare's "Coriolanus." 
pers." Virginia, the heroine of St. Pierre's 

Turveydrop, dancing master and "Paul and Virginia." 

"model of deportment" in Dickens' Vivian, mistress of Merlin in Tenny- 

"Bleak House." son's "Idyls of the King." 

Tusher, Thomas, a sycophantic Volumnia, mother of Coriolanus in 

clergyman in Thackeray's "Henry Shakespeare's "Coriolanus." 
Esmond." 

Twemlow, Mr., diner-out and friend W 
of Veneering in Dickens' "Our Mu- 
tual Friend." Wadman, Widow, in Sterne's 

Twist, Oliver, a charity boy, hero of "Tristram Shandy," tries to marry 

Dickens' "Oliver Twist." Uncle Toby. 

Twysden, Talbot, public officer and Wamba, a clown in Scott's "Ivan- 
flunky in Thackeray's "Philip." hoe." 

Tybalt, nephew of Lady Capulet, Wardle, Mr., a jolly country gentle- 
slain by Romeo in Shakespeare's man in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- 
"Romeo and Juliet." pers." 

954 



I 




Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



Warrington, George and Harry, Wilfer, Lavinia, her irrepressible 



grandsons of "Henry Esmond," and 
heroes of Thackeray's "The Virgin- 
ians." 

Warrington, George, the cynical, 
but kind-hearted friend of Arthur in 
Thackeray's "Pendennis." 

Waters, Esther, the heroine in the 
novel of that name # by George 
Moore; the scullery maid in an Eng- 
lish sportsman's house. 

Wegg, Silas, a one-legged, .crafty 
schemer in Dickens' 
Friend." 



sister, beloved of George Sampson. 

Wilfer, Reginald, their father, "a 
commercial cherub. 

Wilfrid, son of Oswald Wycliffe, in 
Scott's "Rokeby," in love with Ma- 
tilda, heiress of Rokeby, at whose 
feet he dies. 

Willet, John, an obstinate innkeeper 
in Dickens' "Barnaby Rudge." 

Willet, Joe, his son, in love with 
Dolly Varden. 
1 Williams, Caleb, the hero of Wil- 
liam Godwin's novel of that name. 



Weller, Tony, a jovial and rubicund Wilmot, Arabella, Ge Drge Primrose's 



coachman in Dickens' "Pickwick 
i Papers." 

Weller, Sam, son of Tony, Mr. Pick- 
wick's humorous servant. 
Werther, the sentimental hero of 
Goethe's "Sorrows of Werther." 
i Western, Sophia, the heroine of 
Fielding's "Tom Jones." 
Western, Squire, her father, a pig- 
headed, foul-mouthed country squire. 
) Westlock, John, friend and finally 
brother-in-law of Tom Pinch in 
I Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit." 



sweetheart in Goldsmith's "Vicar 
of Wakefield." 

Wilson, Pudd'nhead, the hero in the 
novel of that name by Samuel L. 

' Clemens ("Mark Twain"). 

Wilton, Ralph de, finally marries 
Lady Clare, daughter of the Earl of 
Gloucester, in Scott's "Marmion." 

Wimble, Will, a good-natured, sim- 
ple, and officious character in "The 
Spectator," said to be a portrait of 
Thomas Morecroft, who died at 
Dublin in 1741. 



Whiskerandos, Don Ferolo, lover of Winkle, Nathaniel, 



Tilburina, in Sheridan's "The Critic 

White, Gertrude, the stage heroine in 
Black's "McLeod of Dare." 

White, Selma, the very ambitious 
heroine in Robert Grant's "Unleav- 
ened Bread." 

Wickfield, Agnes, the lovable hero- 
ine of Dickens' "David Copper- 
field," and David's second wife. 

Wild, Jonathan, highwayman, the Wititterly, Mr., £ 
hero of Fielding's "History of Jona- hunter in Dickens 
than Wild." He is drawn from i 



would-be 
Dickens' 



sporting character 
"Pickwick Papers." 

Winkle, Rip Van, good-natured, bib- 
ulous, blessed with a scolding wife; 
he and h^s long sleep are commemo- 
rated in Irving's "Sketch Book." 

Wishfort, Lady, a witty, vain char- 
acter in Congreve's "The Way of the 
World." 

snob and tuft- 

'Nicholas Nick- 

leby 



famous highwayman of that name, Wititterly, Mrs. Julia, in the same, 



who was executed in 1725. 
Wildair, Sir Harry, man of fashion 

and gallantry, the hero of Farqu- 

har's "Constant Couple" and 

Harry Wildair." 
Wildfire, Madge, a woman crazed 



his wife, a languid lady, whose "soul 
was too large for her body." She 
"dearly loved a lord." 
Sir Witwould, Sir Willful, a pigheaded 
gentleman in Congreve's "Way of 
the World." 
by seduction, and by the murder of Woodhouse, Emma, the heroine in 
her infant, in Scott's "Heart of Mid- the novel of "Emma" by Miss Aus- 
Lothian." ten. 

- Wilfer, Bella, the beautiful, wilful Worldly Wiseman, Mr., in Bun- 
heroine of Dickens' "Our Mutual yan's "Pilgrim's Progress," tries to 
Friend." persuade Christian from his journey. 

955 



Dictionary of Noted Characters in Literature 



Wray, Enoch, an aged and noble 
character in Crabbe's "Village." 

Wrayburn, Eugene, a calm and 
briefless barrister in Dickens' "Our 
Mutual Friend." 

Wren, Jenny, doll's dressmaker in 
Dickens' "Our Mutual Friend." 

Wronghead, Sir Francis, a coun- 
try gentleman, the hero of Van- 
burgh's "The Provoked Husband." 



Xury, a servant of Crusoe in De Foe's 
"Robinson Crusoe." 



Yellowley, Mistress Baby (Barbara) , 
sister and housekeeper of Trip- 
tolemus, in Scott's "The Pirate." 

Yellowley, Triptolemus, a Scotch- 
Ycrkshireman, of agricultural ten- 
dencies, in Scott's "The Pirate." 

Yeobright, Clym, in Hardy's "Re- 
turn of the Native," he who marries 
Eustacia Vye. 

Yorick, a witty, heedless parson in 
Sterne's "Tristram Shandy," repre- 
sented as a descendant of Shake- 
speare's jester of that name, in 
"Hamlet." 

Yseult or Isolde, beloved of Tris- 
tram, celebrated in many mediaeval 
romances, and in the "Tristram and 
Yseult" of Matthew Arnold, and of 
A. C. Swinburne. She was the wife 
of King Mark, of Cornwall, and 



mistress of his nephew, Tristram 
with whom she fell in love from 
drinking a love-philter. She was 
called Isolde the Fair. 
Y-wain, the knight of the Round 
Table, who rescues a lion from a 
dragon and is afterwards served by 
the grateful animal. 



Zadoc, in Dryden's "Absalom and 
Achitophel," is Sancroft, Archbishop 
of Canterbury. 

Zanoni, alchemist, etc., the hero of 
Bulwer's "Zanoni." He is a mem- 
ber of an occult fraternity who deal 
familiarly with the world of spirits, 
can make precious stones and met- 
als, and can live as long as they 
please. 

Zeluco, a prodigal nobleman, hero of 
Dr. J. Moore's "Zeluco." 

Zenobia, a beautiful womanin Haw- 
thorne's "Blithedale Romance." 

Zerbino, a Scotch warrior in Arios- 
to's "Orlando Furioso." 

Zimri, the Duke of Buckingham in 
Dryden's "Absalom and Achitophel." 

Zobeide, the favorite wife of Ha- 
roun-Al-Raschid in "The Arabian 
Nights." Her story is told in the 
tale of the "Three Calendars." 

Zodig, a rich Babylonian, hero of 
Voltaire's novel of that name. 

Zophiel, in Milton's "Paradise Lost," 
the swiftest of the cherubim. 

Zuleika, the heroine of Byron's 
"Bride of Abydos." 



956 






DICTIONARY OF PHOTOGRAPHY 



aberration, in a lens, a deviation of 
rays of light from a normal path. 
See chromatic aberration, spherical 
aberration. 

accelerator, a chemical addition to 
a developer to hasten its work. 

acetic acid, an acid used as a clearing 
bath for bromide prints, developed 
with ferrous oxalate. 

acetone, a chemical compound used 
for preserving developers, fixing 
baths, and as a restrainer. 

achromatic lens, one that produces 
an image without fringes of color. 

actinometer, an instrument for 
measuring the intensity of the solar 
rays and determining the exposure 
for plates and papers. 

adurol, a group of developing agents. 

aerograph, an air-brush or spray 
pencil used in finishing enlargements, 
working up backgrounds, etc. 

Albertype, a modification of the early 
paper-negative calotype process. 

albumen process, one by which 
albumen is used instead of collodion 
to coat glass or paper. 

ambrotype, a negative on glass 
backed by a black coating, so that 
the transparent portions of the glass 
appeared black. 

anthrakotype, a process for produc- 
ing line drawings, diagrams, etc. 

aperture, the clear space in the lens 
which allows the light to pass into 
the camera. 

Artigue process, an early gum- 
bichromate process, in which hot 
sawdust and water were used for 
developing. 

artotype, another name of calotype. 

astigmatism, an aberration in a lens. 

astrophotography, photography ap- 
plied to the celestial bodies. 

autotype, the original carbon process. 



backing, a non-reflecting substance 
applied to the back of a plate to 
prevent light from spreading. 

Bergheim lens, one favored for 
portraiture. 

biconcave lens, one thinnest at 
center, with both surfaces curved 
inwards. 

biconvex lens, one thickest at center, 
with both surfaces curved outwards. 

binocular camera, another name of 
stereoscopic camera. 

biograph. See cinematograph. 

bitumen process, a process used for 
obtaining a photographic image, 
from a negative on a zinc or copper- 
plate; adapted to photo-lithography 
and line and half-tone zincography. 

blue-print process, one in which 
prints are made on paper coated 
with a mixture of a ferrous salt, 
usually ammoniocitrate of iron, 
and ferricyanide of potassium, the 
image being developed and fixed by 
merely washing in water. 

bromide paper, a paper coated with 
a sensitive gelatine-bromide emul- 
sion, usually developed in a dark- 
room, but some kinds may be 
exposed and developed by gaslight. 



cabinet, a size of portrait mount, 

about 6x4 inches. 
calotype process, one in which 

paper, having on its surface chloride 

of silver, is exposed in a camera, 

and the image developed by a 

solution of gallic acid. 
camera, a light-tight box in which 

the sensitive plate is exposed. 
camera, solar, a camera in which the 

direct rays of the sun are used for 

printing and enlarging. 



957 



Dictionary of Photography 



camera, stereoscopic, a camera with development, the treatment cf an 

two similar lenses about 2% inches exposed sensitive photographic sur- 

apart, for taking .views for the face with certain reducing agents, 

stereoscope. so as to render the image visible. 

carbon paper, a paper coated with dry-plate, a sensitive gelatin or 



pigmented gelatine, usually sensi- 
tized with potassium bichromate. 
carbon process, one in which the 
paper is coated with a mixture of 
gelatine, water, and pigment; sensi- 
tized by a solution of bichromate of electrical transmission 



collodion plate that may be kept 
and exposed in a dry state. See 
wet-plate. 



potash or of ammonia; developed by 
washing in warm water; and printed 
under, a negative. 

celluloid, a compound of camphor 
and gun-cotton, resembling ivory; 
used in photography as a basis for 
flat and roll films. 

chromatic aberration, the fringing 
of images with prismatic colors 
when light passes through curved 
lenses. 

cinematograph, a device similar to 
the biograph, kinetograph, and vita- 
scope, for projecting on a canvas 
screen lifelike animated pictures of 
moving objects. 

collodion process, one in which the 
sensitive iodide and bromide of 
silver are held in a film of collodion, 
on glass, the image being developed 
with pyrogallic acid, or a ferrous 
salt, and the positive being obtained 
by laying the negative on prepared 
paper and exposing them to the 
light. 

cyanotype process, the same as blue- 
print process, used chiefly for 
reproducing mechanical and archi- 
tectural designs. 



Daguerreotype process, the famous 
one in which a film of silver iodide 
on a plate of silvered copper was the 
sensitive material, the pictures on 
which being developed by the vapor 
of mercury. 

developing paper, a paper on which 
the image does not immediately 



a modern 
system of transmitting photographs 
•electrically, employing a half-tone 
photograph printed on tinfoil, placed 
to be revolved on a metal drum over 
which travels an iridium stylus. 



F 

negative 



on black- 



ferrotype, a 

varnished iron. 

film, a transparent, flexible sheet of 
celluloid, used in the place of glass 
as a base for the sensitive material. 

fixing, the removal, by a solution of 
hyposulphite of soda or cyanide of 
potassium, of the unaffected deposit 
of iodide and bromide of silver in the 
collodion film after exposure and 
development. 

flash-light, a light that can be made 
to flash into momentary brilliancy, 
used in instantaneous photography 
after dark; usually produced by 
compounds containing magnesium. 

fuming, exposing silver paper to 
ammonia to render it more sensitive 
and capable of giving more brilliant 
prints and a purple tone. 

H 

halation, the tendency of the action 
of light to spread in the film. See 
aberration, chromatic aberration, 
spherical aberration. 

heliotype process, a photo-mechan- 
ical method in which a gelatin 
picture is itself used to print from 
in some form of printing-press, 
instead of being covered with 
tinfoil, as in the Stannotype process. 



appear, but requires developing like * 

the negative; similar tor bromide intensifying, a term applied to 

paper. various modes of giving strength or 

958 



Dictionary of Photography 



increased opacity to the deposit 
forming the photographic picture 
on an exposed and developed plate. 

K 

kinetograph. See cinematograph. 
L 

lens, a piece of a transparent sub- 
stance, usually glass, so shaped as to 
afford two regular opposite surfaces, 
both curved, or one curved and the 
other plane, changing the direction 
of rays of light, and diminishing or 
increasing the apparent size of 
objects viewed through it; used to 
throw an image of the objects in 
front of the camera on to the sensi- 
tive plate. 

lens field, the whole space illumined 
by a lens at full aperture, or the 
space it will cover with sufficient 
sharpness for photographic purposes. 

litmus paper, white blotting paper 
stained blue in a litmus solution 
and dried; used for testing acids. 

M 

% 

microphotography, a photographic 
process by which an object is re- 
duced in size, while its exact form 
is retained. 

N 

negative, original plate or paper 
from which positive pictures are 
printed. 



photochromograph, a photograph 
in which the colors are represented 
according to nature. 

photochronograph, a chronographic 
and photographic apparatus com- 
bined, used for taking instantaneous 
pictures of moving objects at regular 
and usually short intervals. . 

photoengraving, a term applied to 
processes for producing printing 
blocks or plates by photography. 



photographophone, a device for 
photographing sounds, speech, mu- 
sic, etc., and reproducing them by 
means of telephone receivers. 

photography, the art of producing 
pictures by the action of certain 
sensitive substances, under the in- 
fluence of light. 

photogravure, a term applied to 
methods of producing, by photog- 
raphy, plates for printing on a 
copper-plate press. 

photoheliograph, instrument de- 
vised for celestial photography. 

photolithography, a mode of pro- 
ducing by photography designs upon 
stones, from which impressions may 
be obtained on an ordinary litho- 
graphic press. 

photomicrography, the art of en- 
larging of microscopic objects, by 
means of the microscope, and 
projection of the enlarged image oh a 
sensitized plate. 

photo-relief, a picture in relief on 
metal, which can be used like a 
wood-cut on an ordinary printing- 
( press. 

photo-sculpture, an application of 
photography to assist a sculptor in 
modelling portrait-statues, or fac- 
similes and reduced reproductions of 
other statues. 

phototype process, one similar to 
the hehotype process. 

platinum process, one in which the 
paper is coated with ferric and 
platinum salts, the resulting image 
being in platinum black. 

positive, the print on paper from a 
negative. 

powder process, one in which prints 
are produced on paper in plumbago. 

printing-out paper, a paper on 
"which the image appears at once 
on exposure to light under a nega- 
tive, requiring only to be toned and 
fixed. 



restrainer, any substance used in 
developing the images produced by 
light, to prevent the action from 
proceeding too violently. 



Dictionary of Photography 



sensitizer, any substance added to a 
photographic material to increase 
or alter its sensitiveness to light. 

silver paper, a paper formed by a 
coating of albumen solution con- 
taining ammonium chloride, on 
which, when dried, is floated a 
solution of silver nitrate. 

spherical aberration, the deviation 
of rays of light when made to pass 
through curved lenses. 

Stannotype process, one in which a 
gelatin picture is covered with tinfoil 
before being placed on a press for 
printing. 

Swan's process, a carbon process 
believed to be the first of the 
permanent printing processes with 
pigmented gelatin that was com- 
mercially successful. 



tintype, another name for ambrotype 
and ferrotype. 



U 



unar lens, a lens of large ap'erture, 



corrected for aberrations; used for 
rapid hand-camera work, portrait- 
ure, enlargements, and reproduc- 
tions. 



view-finder, a device attached to a 
camera through which an operator 
can see the view he is taking with- 
out using the focussing screen. 

vitascope. See cinematograph. 



W 



water lens, a lens in which a cell of 
water or other liquid is used instead 
of glass. 

wet-plate, a plate that requires sensi- 
tizing before using, and is used in a 
wet state. See dry-plate. 

Woodburytype process, one similar 
to the Stannotype process for print- 
ing from a surface of tin. 



X-ray photography, that which 
done with the aid of Rontgen 01 
X-rays; now invaluable in the prac 
tice of medicine and surgery. 



DICTIONARY OF POLO 



attack, the attempt of players to dead ball, a fouled ball till the urn- 



strike a ball through a goal. 



back, player No. 4; usually the most 
important member of the team; 
generally guards a goal; sometimes 
takes the ball forward, leaving No. 3 
on guard. 

back-hander, a stroke made when 
a player desires to send the ball im- 
mediately behind him, or to the off 
or near side, or under his pony's 
tail. 

back-line hit, when a ball is hit be- 



pire orders "play." 

defense, the attempt of players to 
prevent a hit ball from passing 
through a goal. 

delays, all unnecessary delays tor- 
bidden, and, in the case of hitting 
out a ball, penalized by the umpire 
ordering the offending side to hit 
out at once. 

disability by fouling, where a 
player has been disabled by a foul 
the side f ouling may be penalized by 
having the offender designated and 
retired, after which the game may 
be continued with three players a 
side. 



hind the back-line by one of the duration of game , ne hour, divided 



opposing side it must be hit off 
without delay from where it crossed 
the line, but at least 12 feet from the 
goai post, after giving the opposing 
side reasonable time to get to the 
30 yards line; none of the attacking 
side to be within 30 yards of the 
back-line when the ball is hit off. 

ball, generally made from the willow 
tree root; not to exceed Z x /i inches 
in diameter, nor 53^ ounces in 
weight. 

bell, the instrument rung to notify 
players that an intermission has ex- 
pired; also, when the ball next goes 



into 6 periods of 10 minutes each, 
with 3 minute intermission after 
each period, excepting the third, 
and then 5 minutes. 



falls' (1) if a pony falls or if a player 
or pony be injured, the umpire 
stops the game; (2) if a player falls 
off his pony, the umpire will not 
stop the game unless he believes 
that the player is injured; (3) the 
umpire decides what constitutes a 
fall." 



out of play to indicate the time for f orward drive a str ong hit at the 
changing ponies See period. ball on the off . side< 

boards, planks 11 inches high set f , infringement of the rules, 

on edge end to end along the line; 



on the infield side the ground is 
sloped upward to within about 7 
inches of the top of the boards, thus 
forming a sort of cushion. 



crossing. See interference. 



game won, by the side that gains the 
most goals. 

gets back to, phrase meaning that a 
player resumes his former position 
as soon as possible after a maneuver 
is completed, successfully or not. 



961 



Dictionary of Polo 



giving way, in general, the player 
following most closely the line of the 
ball after the last hit must be given 
way to by other players, unless they 
can get in front of him without 
causing a sudden check. 

goal gained, when a ball passes be- 
tween the goal posts and over the 
goal line. 

goal posts, posts at least 10 feet high, 
placed 24 feet apart; made of a 
flexible material, as rolled paper, to 
reduce dangers of collision. 

goals, not less than 250 yards apart; 
each one, 8 yards wide. 

ground, area of play; not over 300 
yards in length by 200 yards in 
width, if ground is unboarded, and 
300 by 160 yards where ground is 
boarded. 



H 



hooking a stick, in British play, a 
player is permitted to hook an op- 
ponent's stick if the latter is in the 
act of striking at the ball, provided 
he be immediately behind him or on 
the same side of his pony as the 
ball; in American play, hooking a 
stick is prohibited. 



allowed to enter a game or tourna- 
ment. 

line of the ball, the line of its course, 
or its line at the moment of a 
dispute. 

lines, markings across the ground at 
each end parallel to the goal lines, 
and 30 and 60 yards from them. 



M 



mallet, the same as stick. 
marking, where a player keeps close 

watch over an opponent to prevent 

his becoming unguarded. 
mount, the pony. 



interference, a player is not al- 
lowed to cross another player who 
is in possession of the ball, excepting 
at such a distance that the player 
shall not have to check his pony to 
avoid a collision. 

interposing, a player may interpose 
his pony before an opponent so as 

, to prevent the latteV reaching the 
ball, but see interference. 



N 



near-side stroke, one where the 
player ca*anot swing his stick on the 
right side. 

No. 1, in British play, the most 
undesirable position of a player on a 
team, as he is.not allowed to hit the 
ball unless he has one of the opposing 
side .nearer than himself to the 
opponent's goal line; American rules 
make him more important than 
the British. 

No. 4. See back. 

Nos. 3 and 4, the two rear players; 
they work in unison and on occasion 
change positions and guard the goal. 



on-side, a player not in possession 
of the Dall who has at least one 
opposing player between himself 
and the goal he is attacking. 

out-ball, a ball that goes over and 
clear of a boundary line. 



left-handed players, where two 
players are riding from opposite 
directions to hit the ball, and one 
of them is left-handed, the latter 
must give way to the other. In 
British play all left-handed players 
must be registered before being 



penalties for foul play (1) a free hit 
from the 60-yards line, the fouling 
side -keeping behind the goal line; 
(2) a free hit from the spot where 
the foul occurred; (3) a hit by the 
fouling side from the goal line, the 
fouling side keeping beyond the 30- 
yards line; (4) a free hit from the 



Dictionary of Polo 



60-yards line, the fouling side being 
not within 20 yards of the ball, and 
the fouled side disposed at pleasure. 

period, one of the six divisions of 10 
minutes of the hour in which -the 
game is played; no period can be 
ended till the ball goes out of play. 

players' line, No. 1 in front; Nos. 2, 
3, and 4, stretched from No. 1 
toward the protected goal; No. 1 
marks No. 4 of the opposing line, 
No. 2 marks the opposing No. 3, etc. 

pony, the mount, not over 14 hands, 
2 inches in height, and well trained 
to the game. 

possession of the ball, credited to 
any player who follows the exact 
line of the ball from the direction 
from which it was last hit. 

prohibitions, no player shall ride 
dangerously zigzag in front of a 
player who is on a gallop; bump at 
an angle dangerous to a player or 
his pony; pull across or over a pony's 
forelegs so as to risk tripping the 
pony; use his stick dangerously; 
use blinkers or spurs with rowels on 
his pony; intentionally strike his 
pony with the head of his stick; 
carry a ball; seize with the hand, 
strike or push with the head, arm, 
or elbow; or hit the ball or interfere 
with the game when dismounted. 



referee, in important matches-, an 
official agreeable to each side, whose 
decisions are final when the umpire or 
umpires disagree or are appealed from. 

restarting the game, after a goal 
has been scored, the game is resumed 
in the same manner as started. 

riding-off, attempting to impede an 
opposing "back" from reaching the 
ball without getting off-side. See 
interposing. 

riding-out, a player may ride out 
an opponent so as to prevent the 
latter reaching the ball; but see 
interference. 



side-fouling, penalized by the side 
having to take the ball back and hit 
it off from behind their own goal 
line, from the center of goal, none of 
the side fouled to be within 30 yards 
of the goal line produced, but the 
side fouling being free to place them- 
selves where they please. 

slice to the off, a hit by which the ball 
is centered to the players' right. 

starting the game, after both sides 
have taken positions in the center 
of the ground the umpire throws the 
ball between the lines of players and 
orders "play." 

stick, instrument of any desired 
length or weight with which the ball 
is struck. 

striking-head, the cross-piece at- 
tached to the end of the stick, more 
or less curved, and turned at right 
angles to the direction of the stroke; 
American favorite, cigar-shaped. 

stroke under pony's neck, a stroke 
made in front of a goal for scoring 
or driving the ball out of the danger 
zone. 



team, four' players on each side, 

" known as Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4. 

three-player-sides, a game con- 
tinued with three players a side 
after the designation of any of the 
players of a side fouling and the 
retirement of the offender or of- 
fenders. 

tie, where a tie occurs the game is 
continued till a goal is scored. 

time-keeper, official employed in all 
games and matches. 



U 



umpire, an official for each side 
unless sides agree to play with one 
only; his or their decisions final. 
See referee. 



W 



scorer, official employed in all games whistle, the instrument with which 
and matches. the umpire declares a ball "dead." 

963 



DICTIONARY OF STATE NAMES AND 
MEANINGS 



Alabama, Indian, "here we rest." 

Arizona, Aztec; "silver bearing." 

Arkansas, "Kansas," the Indian 
name for "smoky water," with the 
French prefix "arc," bow or bend 
in the principal river. 

California, caliente Fornalla, Span- 
ish for "hot furnace," in allusion to 
the climate. 

Colorado, Spanish; meaning "col- 
ored," from the red color of the 
Colorado River. 

Connecticut, Indian; "long river." 

Delaware, named in honor of Lord 
Delaware. 

Florida, named by Ponce de Leon, 
who discovered it in 1512, on Easter 
Day, the Spanish Pascua de Flores, 
or "Feast of Flowers." 

Georgia, in honor of George II. of 
England. 

Idaho, Indian; meaning unknown. 

Illinois, from the Indian "illini," 
men, and the French suffix "ois," 
together signifying "tribe of men." 

Indiana, Indian land. 

Iowa, Indian; "beautiful land." 

Kansas, Indian; "smoky water." 

Kentucky, Indian; for "at the head 
of the river"; or "the dark and 
bloody ground." 

Louisiana, for Louis XIV. of France. 

Maine, from the province of Maine, 
in France. 

Maryland, for Henrietta Maria, queen 
of Charles I. of England. 

Massachusetts, place of great hills 
(blue hills southwest of Boston). 

Michigan, the Indian name for a 
fish weir. The lake was so called 
from the fancied resemblance of the 
lake to a fish trap. 

Minnesota, Indian; meaning "sky- 
tinted water." 

Missisippi, Indian; meaning "greai 
father of waters." 



Missouri, Indian; meaning "muddy." 

Montana, Latin; "mountainous re- 
gion." 

Nebraska, Indian; meaning "water 
valley." 

Nevada, Spanish; meaning "snow- 
covered," alluding to the mountains. 

New Hampshire, from Hampshire 
county, England. 

New Jersey, in honor of Sir George 
Carteret, one of the original gran- 
tees, who had previously been gov- 
ernor of Jersey Island. 

New Mexico, from old Mexico. 

New York, in honor of the Duke of 
York. 

North and South Carolina, orig- 
inally called Carolina, in honor of 
Charles IX. of France. 

North and South Dakota, Sioux 
Indian; "Lakota," "Nakota," or 
"Dakota;" "allies." 

Ohio, Indian; "beautiful river." 

Oklahoma, Indian; "red people." 

Oregon, from the Spanish "oregano," 
wild marjoram, which grows abun- 

^ dantly on the coast. 

Pennsylvania, Latin; meaning Penn's 
woody land. 

Rhode Island, from a fancied re- 
semblance to the island of Rhodes 
in the Mediterranean. 

Tennessee, Indian; meaning 
with the great bend." 

Texas, origin of this name is unkno 

Utah, Ute Indian; meaning unknow 

Vermont, French; green mountain 

Virginia, in honor of Elizabeth, the 
"Virgin Queen." 

Washington, from George Washing- 
ton. 

West Virginia, former western part 
of Virginia. 

Wisconsin, Indian; "gathering of the 
waters," or "wild rushing channel." 

Wyoming, Indian; "large plains." 



'river 

town. 
iown. 

in 






964 



DICTIONARY OF WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY 



aerial, the part^of a radio-telegraphic 
station used for transferring the 
energy of the transmitter to the 
ether, or, in the case of a receiving 
aerial, for collecting the energy 
from the ether for use in the receiver. 

aerial circuit, the distance between 
the free or insulated end of the 
aerial and the connection with the 
earth. 

alternating current, a current which 
periodically changes its direction of 
flow. 

alternator, a generator of alternating 
currents. 

antenne, another term for aerial. 

aperiodic, that which has no definite 
individual period. 

aperiodic receiver, one ready to 
respond to all waves, whatever their 
periods might be. 

arrester, apparatus with large spark- 
ing surface and short air-gap, placed 
in series with the earth-lead of the 
transmitter; a lead is taken to the 
receiving apparatus from the side 
of the spark-gap remote from the 
earth; used for controlling signals 
on circuit, and for keeping the aerial 
earthed in thunder-storms and other 
disturbances. 

auto- jigger, a device by which the 
inductance of the primary circuit 
is formed from a certain number of 
turns of the secondary circuit. 

automatic recorder, apparatus ca- 
pable of working up to several 
hundred words a minute; now used 
in place of original hand mechanism ; 
permits an enormously greater speed 
' in transmission. 

automatic transmitter, apparatus 
substituted for the hand-worked 
signalling key; insures greater regu- 
larity and speed. 



B 



battery, a collection of elements or 
units, such as voltaic cells and 
ley den jars. 

blower, a rotary, motor-driven fan, 
used for drawing in air at atmos- 
pheric pressure and delivering it in 
high pressure blasts; prevents the 
formation of arcs. 

Bradfield insulator, ebonite insula- 
tor strengthened by. a metal core, 
used for leading-in the aerial to the 
interior of a building; withstands 
high potentials of transmission. 

bus bar, a broad lead to which the 
smaller leads from the units of a 
condenser battery are joined. 

buzzer, small apparatus for produc- 
ing feeble oscillations, used for tests 
and calls.. • 

buzzer, practice, combination of 
buzzer and signalling key for prac- 
ticing signalling. 

buzzer, tuned, common buzzer with 
the coils of the electro-magnet 
shunted by a non-inductive resist- 
ance. 



call bell, a device by which incoming 
signals, especially those of distress, 
attract the attention of the operator 
even if he is off duty. 

capacity, the property by which a 
condenser stores up electrical energy; 
measured by the number of cou- 
lombs the condenser will hold when 
the difference of pressure between 
the two extreme plates is one volt. 

choking coil, a coil of wire wound in 
such a way as to have great self- 
induction. 

circuits, a circuit in which oscilla- 
tions are possible and there is no 
distinct break of continuity is called 



Dictionary of Wireless Telegraphy 



a closed oscillating circuit; a con- 
denser in which the plates are very 
remote converts a closed oscillating 
circuit into an open or radiating 
oscillating circuit. 

closed oscillating circuit. See cir- 
cuits. 

coherer, an imperfect contact or 
collection of such contacts, so 
arranged that when brought under 
the influence of the incoming electro- 
magnet wave it allows current from 
a local battery to pass and make 
some kind of signal. 

compass, wireless, one of several 
forms of direction-finders, which 
enables an operator to get the bear- 
ings of a station transmitting a 
signal by turning a handle over a 
marked scale. 

commutator, a series of moving or 
movable contacts by which the 
direction of the current in a system 
can be changed. 

condenser unit, a system composed 
of two conducting surfaces placed 
close together and separated by an 
insulator. 

coupling, the ratio of the mutual 
induction between two circuits com- 
pared with the self -inductance of 
each circuit. 

coupling, direct, where one circuit 
is linked to another in such a way 
that a portion of one circuit forms, 
part of the other, or where there is 
direct electrical connection between 
the second circuit and a point in 
the first. 

cut-out, apparatus having the func- 
tion of a fuse, but not acting by the 
fusing of a conductor. 

cymometer, instrument for measur- 
ing the wave length and frequency 
of an electro-magnetic wave. 

cymoscope, instrument which shows 
the presence of minute currents; 
a detector; depends on its rectifying 
action on a train of oscillations. 



. moving rhythmically, so as to 
gradually reduce the amount of its 
movements. 

decrement, logarithmic, a measure 
of the rate of decay of an electric 
oscillation ' under the influence of 
damping. 

dielectric, a medium through which 
electric energy can be transmitted 
by an electrical strain in the medium. 

discharger, the device in the primary 
oscillating circuit at which the spark 
or arc occurs. 



earths, the metallic connections of 
the lower extremities of aerials with 
the upper crust of the earth. 

einthoven, an exceedingly sensitive 
galvanometer for indicating received 
signals, in which the moving part is 
a fine stretched conducting string. 



frequency, term used in connection 
with any form of rhythmical motion 
or change, denoting the number of 
complete movements or changes in 
a given time, usually a second. 

frequency, high, under the latest 
demarcation between high and low 
frequency, a frequency measured in 
thousands or millions of periods per 
second. 

frequency, low, a frequency meas- 
ured in tens or hundreds of periods 
per second. 

fundamental, the fundamental note, 

% swing, or oscillation of a system is 
the one which fits in with the formula 
giving the time-period in terms of 
those of its properties which affect 
that period. See time-period. 



galvanometer. See einthoven. 



H 



damping, process of withdrawing 
energy from a system, which is 

966 



harmonics, waves whose frequencies 
bear a definite relation to that of the 



Dictionary of Wireless Telegraphy 



fundamental; the first harmonic of 
an aerial has a frequency three times 
as great as that of the fundamental; 
the second harmonic, five times as 
great, and so on. 
hysteresis, the lagging of an effect 
behind the cause producing it; 
generally due to friction of some 
kind. 



inductance, the property of an 
electric circuit by which it tends to 
oppose any change in the value of 
the current flowing therein; the 
opposition being effected by the pro- 
duction of an electromotive force in 
such a direction as to lessen the 
change producing it. 

interference, the interaction of two 
waves of different frequencies, or 
of two waves of the same frequency 
but different phase acting in the 
same circuit, resulting in the for- 
mation of nodes and loops. See loop. 

interrupter, a device for breaking 
up a continuous current into a 
succession of pulses more or less 
rapid. 

ionization, another term for electrol- 
ysis. 



jigger, a form of potential trans- 
former designed for high-frequency 
(oscillating) currents, and used both 
in transmitting and receiving. 



K 



fraction of the oscillating current 
induced in the earth-lead of the 
transmitter. The amount of glow 
produced by the lamp indicates 
the total current in the earth-lead 
and the lamp is effective in tuning 
the primary and secondary circuits. 
loop, a point of maximum potential 
in a circuit or part of a circuit along 
which the potential is gradually 
rising or falling. When the aerial 
circuit is vibrating freely it will 
always have a node of potential at 
the earth and an anti-node or loop 
at its free end. 



M 



mast, steel, a type of mast built up 
of hollow steel sections of semi- 
circular shape after a system which 
enables it to be erected to great 
heights without any scaffolding. 

micrometer spark-gap, a small, 
delicately adjustable spark-gap, used 
to protect receivers, etc., against 
atmospheric discharges and other 
adverse influences. 

multiple action, a system by which 
one station can send two or more 
messages simultaneously to two or 
more other stations, and receive 
similarly from them. 



N 



node. See loop. 

note tuning, the syntonization of 
the receiver to the frequency of 
the wave-trains, instead of to the 
frequency of the waves themselves. 



key, high-tension transmitting, a O 
device by which the transmitting 

circuit is made and broken by a oscillations, electric, alternating 

switch in the high-tension leads of currents of high frequency, such as 

the transformer, controlled by the are produced by the discharge of a 

ordinary manipulating key. condenser through a circuit whose 

• resistance does not exceed a certain 

L value in comparison with the in- 
ductance and capacity. 

lamp, tuning, a small, low-voltage oscillations, free and forced, an 

incandescent-filament lamp, ar- oscillation is free when it has the 

ranged so that it can take a small same frequency as that of the funda- 

967 



Dictionary of Wireless Telegraphy 



mental or one of the harmonics of the 
circuit, and forced when otherwise. 



period, in a system undergoing 
rhythmical change, one complete 
cycle of change. 

periodic time, the time of a complet- 
ed period. 

plain aerial, term applied to the 
receiving circuit when the detector 
is placed directly in series with the 
receiving aerial and the earth. 



quenched spark, one which, owing 
to the nature of its discharger, 
extinguishes itself rapidly after al- 
lowing the passage of a few oscil- 
lations. This spark, used in the 
primary circuit, produces two fre- 
quencies in the circuits. 



rectifier, a device for converting 
alternating or oscillating currents 
into continuous currents, or into 
pulses of unidirectional current. 

resonance, the production of vibra- 
tions in a body or a circuit by the 
action of a periodic force which has 
the same period as the natural 
period of the body or circuit. 



syntony, the adjustment of one cir- 
cuit to anothei or of one transmitter 
to one receiver so that the time- 
periods are the same throughout 
the system. 



tapper, a small vibrating hammer 
used for restoring certain forms of 
coherer to a condition of non- 
conductivity on the cessation of 
signals. 

time-period, in electrical oscillating 
circuits, time-periods are ascer- 
tained by the amount of inductance, 
capacity, and resistance in the 
circuit. 

train of waves, the group of oscil- 
lations sent out from an aerial at 
every discharge of the primary 
circuit. 



U 



undamped waves, train of, one In 
which the amplitude of each suc- 
cessive wave is equal to that of the 
wave preceding and following it. 



W 



wave-length, the distance between 
any point in a wave and the corre- 
sponding point in the wave im- 
mediately preceding and following 
it. 



selectivity, the property of a receiv- 
ing apparatus by which it can select 
or pick out the waves from the sta- 
tion which it wants to receive, to 
the exclusion of all other waves from 
other stations or from the atmos- 
phere. 



x, symbol given to signals generated 
by atmospheric disturbances or 
changes in the earth's magnetic 
condition. 

x-s toppers, devices for eliminating 
the effects of atmospheric dis- 
turbances on the receiving circuits. 



DICTIONARY OF WORDS OF LIKE AND 
OPPOSITE MEANING 



An intensely interesting study in abash, bewilder, disconcert, discom- 

philology and one that is too com- pose, confound, confuse, shame, 

monly overlooked is afforded by a (Embolden.) 

large group of words that is divisible abbreviate, shorten, abridge, curtail, 

into two classes, first, different words contract, condense, reduce. (Ex- 

that have the same meaning, and, tend.) 

second, words that have a meaning en- abdicate, give up, resign, renounce, 

tirely opposite to those in the first abandon, forsake, relinquish, quit. 

class. A practical result of a compar- forego. 

ison of these classes of words is found abet, help, encourage, instigate, in- 
in a choice suitable to the fancy of the cite, stimulate, aid, assist. (Resist.) 
student, and also in the selection of abettor, assistant, accessory, accom- 
the words that indicate the best form plice, promoter, instigator, particeps 
in writing and speaking. Any one who criminis, coadjutor, associate, corn- 
wants "the right word" will here be panion, co-operator. (Opponent.) 
accommodated. Words in the first abhor, dislike intensely, view _ with 
class are known as Synonyms; those horror, hate, detest, abominate, 
in the second class as Antonyms. loathe, nauseate. (Love.) 
Should the student wish to pursue ability, capability, talent, faculty, 
this study further two other classes capacity, qualification, aptitude, apt- 
are available and inviting, first, Horn- ness, expertness, skill, efficiency, ac- 
onyms, or words similar in spelling complishment, attainment. (In- 
but differing in use, and, second, competency.) 

Homophonous words, or those that abject, groveling, low, mean, base, 

are similar in sound, but differ in spell- ignoble, worthless, despicable servile, 

ing and meaning. vile, contemptible. (Noble ) 

The following collection is limited to abjure,, recant, forswear, disclaim, 

synonyms and antonyms, and to those recall, revoke, retract, renounce, 

especially that are most prevalent in (Maintain.) - 

ordinary usage, and will answer most able, strong, powerful, muscular, stal- 

of the requirements of refined cor- wart, vigorous, athletic, robust, 

respondence and conversation. brawny, skillful, adroit, competent, 

efficient, capable, clever, self-quali- 

A fied, telling, fitted. (Weak.) 

abandon, leave, forsake, desert, re- abode, residence, habitation, dwelling, 

nounce, relinquish, quit, forego; let domicile, home, quarters, lodging. 



go, waive. (Keep, cherish.) 
abandoned, deserted, forsaken, 
wicked, reprobate, dissolute, profli- 
gate, flagitious, corrupt, depraved, 
vicious. (Cared for, virtuous.) 
abandonment, leaving, desertion, 
dereliction, renunciation, defection, 
abasement, degradation, fall, degen 



abolish, quash, destroy, revoke, abro- 
gate, annul, cancel, annihilate, ex- 
tinguish, vitiate, invalidate, nullify. 
(Establish, enforce.) 
abominable, hateful, detestable, odi- 
ous, vile, execrable. (Lovable.) 
abortive, m fruitless, ineffectual, idle, 
inoperative, vain, futile. (Effectual.) 
eracy, humiliation, abjection, debase- about, concerning, regarding, relative 
ment, servility. (Honor.) to, with regard to, as to, respecting, 

969 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 

with respect to, referring to, around, account, narrative, description, nar- 

nearly, approximately. ration, relation, detail, recital, mon- 

abscond, run off, steal away, decamp, eys, reckoning, bill, charge. 

bolt. accountable, punishable, answerable, 

absent, a., inattentive, abstracted, amenable, responsible, liable. 

not attending to, listless, dreamy, accumulate, bring together, amass, 

(Present.) collect, gather. (Scatter, dissipate.) 

absolute, entire, complete, uncondi- accumulation, collection, store, 

tional, unqualified, unrestricted, des- mass, congeries, concentration, 

potic, arbitrary, tyrannous, impera- accurate, correct, exact, precise, nice, 

tive, authoritative, imperious. (Lim- truthful. (Erroneous, careless.) 

ited.) achieve, do, accomplishment, effect, 

absorb, engross, swallow up, ingulf, . fulfill, execute, gain, win. 

imbibe, consume, merge. (Eject.) achievement, feat, exploit, accom- 
absurd, silly, foolish, preposterous, plishment, attainment, performance, 
ridiculous, irrational, unreasonable, acquirement, gain. (Failure.) 
nonsensical, inconsistent. (Wise, acknowledge, admit, confess, own, 
solemn.) avow, grant, recognize, allow, con- 
abuse, v., asperse, revile, vilify, re- cede. (Deny.) 

proach, calumniate, defame, slander, acquaint, inform, enlighten, apprise, 

scandalize, malign, traduce, dispar- make aware, make known, notify, 

age, depreciate, ill-use. (Praise, pro- communicate. (Deceive.) 

tect.) acquaintance, familiarity, intimacy, 

abuse, n., scurrility, ribaldry, con- cognizance, fellowship, companion- 

tumely, obloquy, opprobrium, foul ship, knowledge. (Unfamiliarity.) 

invective, vituperation, ill-usage. acquiesce, agree, accede, assent, com- 

(Praise, protection.) ply, consent, give way, coincide with. 

accede, assent to, consent, acquiesce, (Protest.) 

comply with, agree, coincide, concur, acquit, pardon, forgive, discharge, 
approve. (Protest.) set free, clear, absolve. (Condemn, 
accelerate, hasten, hurry, expedite, convict.) 
forward, quicken, despatch. (Re- act, do, operate, make, perform, play, 
tard.) enact, 
accept, receive, take, admit. (Refuse.) action, deed, achievement, feat, ex- 
acceptable, agreeable, pleasing, grat- ploit, accomplishment, battle, en- 
ifying, pleasurable, welcome. (Dis- gagement, agency, instrumentality, 
pleasing.) active, lively, sprightly, alert, agile, 
accident, casualty, incident, contin- nimble, brisk, quick, supple, prompt, 
gency, adventure, chance. vigilant, laborious, industrious. 
accommodate, serve, oblige, adapt. (Lazy, passive.) 

adjust, fit, suit. (Disoblige, impede.) actual, real, positive, genuine, cer- 

accomplice, confederate, accessory, tain. (Fictitious.) 

abettor, coadjutor, assistant, ally, acute, shrewd, intelligent, penetrat- 
associate, particeps criminis. (Ad- ing, piercing, keen. (Dull.) 
versary.) adapt, accommodate, suit, fit, con- 
accomplish, do, effect, finish, exe- form. 

cute, achieve, complete, perfect, addicted, devoted, wedded, attached, 
consummate. (Fail.) given up to, dedicated. 
accomplishment, attainment, qual- addition, increase, accession, aug- 
ification, acquirement. (Defect.) mentation, reinforcement. (Sub- 
accord, grant, allow, admit, concede. traction, separation.) 

(Deny.) address, speech, discourse, appeal, 

accost, salute, address, speak to, stop, oration, tact, skill, ability, dexterity, 

greet. deportment, demeanor. 

970 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



adhesion, adherence, attachment, fi- 
delity, devotion. (Aloofness.) 

adjacent, near to, adjoining, con- 
tiguous, conterminous, bordering, 
neighboring. (Distant.) 

adjourn, defer, prorogue, postpone. 

adjunct, appendage, appurtenance, 
appendency, dependency. 

adjust, set right, fit, accommodate, 
adapt, arrange, settle, regulate, or- 
ganize. (Confuse.) 

admirable, striking surprising, won- 
derful, astonishing. (Detestable.) 

admit, allow, permit, suffer, tolerate. 
(Deny.) 

advantageous, beneficial. (Hurtful.) 

affection, love. (Aversion.) 

affectionate, fond, kind. (Harsh.) 

agreeable, pleasant, pleasing, charm- 
ing. (Disagreeable.) 

alternating, intermittent. (Contin- 
ual.) 

ambassador, envoy, plenipotentiary, 
minister. 

amend, improve, correct, better, 
mend. (Impair.) 

anger, ire, wrath, indignation, re- 
sentment. (Good nature.) 

appropriate, assume, ascribe, arro- 
gate, usurp. 

argue, debate, dispute, reason upon. 

arise, flow, emanate, spring, proceed, 
rise, issue. 

artful, disingenuous, sly, tricky, in- 
sincere. (Candid.) 

artifice, trick, stratagem, finesse. 

association, combination, company, 
partnership, society. 

attack, assail, assault, encounter. 
(Defend.) 

audacity, boldness, effrontery, hardi- 
hood. (Meekness.) 

austere, rigid, rigorous, severe, stern. 
(Dissolute.) 

avaricious, niggardly, miserly, parsi- 
monious . (Generous . ) 

aversion, antipathy, dislike, hatred, 
i repugnance. (Affection.) 

awe, dread, fear, reverence. (Famil- 
iarity.) 
" awkward, clumsy. (Graceful.) 

axiom, adage, aphorism, apothegm, 
byword, maxim, proverb, saying, 



B 



babble, chatter, prattle, prate. 

bad, wicked, evil. (Good.) 

baffle, confound, defeat, disconcert. 
(Aid, abet.) 

base, vile, mean. (Noble.) 

battle, action, combat, engagement. 

bear, carry, convey, transport. 

bear, endure, suffer, support. 

beastly, brutal, sensual, bestial. 

beat, defeat, overpower, overthrow, 
rout. 

beautiful, fine, handsome, pretty, 
(Homely, ugly.) 

becoming, decent, fit, seemly, suit- 
able. (Unbecoming.) 

beg, beseech, crave, entreat, implore, 
solicit, supplicate. (Give.) 

behavior, carriage, conduct, deport- 
ment, demeanor. 

belief, credit, faith, trust. (Doubt.) 

beneficent, bountiful, generous, libe- 
ral, munificent. (Covetous, miserly.) 

benefit, favor, advantage, kindness, 
civility. (Injury.) « 

benevolence, beneficence, benignity, 
humanity, kindness, tenderness. 
(Malevolence.) 

blame, censure, condemn, reprove, 
reproach, upbraid. (Praise.) 

blemish, flaw, speck, spot, stain. 
(Ornament.) 

blind, sightless, heedless. (Far- 
sighted.) 

blot, cancel, efface, expunge, erase, 
obliterate. 

.bold, brave, daring, fearless, intrepid, 
undaunted. (Timid.) 

border, brim, brink, edge, margin, 
rim, verge, boundary, confine, fron- 
tier. 

bound, circumscribe, confine, limit, 
restrict. 

brave, dare, defy. 

bravery, courage, valor. (Cowardice.) 

break, bruise, crush, pound, squeeze 

breeze, blast, gale, gust, hurricane, 
storm, tempest. 

bright, clear, radiant, shining. (Dull.) 

brittle, fragile, breakable. (Solid.) 

burial, interment, sepulture. (Res- 
urrection.) 

business, avocation, employment, en- 
71 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



gagement, occupation, art, profes- 
sion, trade. 
bustle, stir, tumult, fuss. (Quiet.) 



calamity, disaster, misfortune, mis- 
chance, mishap. (Good fortune.) 

calm, collected, composed, placid, se- 
rene. (Stormy, unsettled.) 

capable, able, competent. (Incom- 
petent.) 

captious, fretful, cross, 'peevish, pet- 
ulant. (Good-natured.) 

care, anxiety, concern, solicitude, 
'heed, attention. (Heedlessness, neg- 
ligence.) 

caress, kiss, embrace. (Spurn, buffet.) 

carnage, .butchery, massacre, slaugh- 
ter. 

cause, motive, reason. (Effect, con- 
sequence.) 

cease, discontinue, leave off, end. 
(Continue.) 

censure, animadvert, criticise. 

(Praise.) 

certain, secure, sure. (Doubtful.) 

cessation, intermission, rest, stop. 
(Continuance.) 

chance, fate, fortune. (Design.) 

change, barter, exchange, substitute. 

changeable, .fickle, inconstant, muta- 
ble, variable. (Unchangeable.) 

character, reputation, repute, stand- 
ing. 

charm, captivate, enchant, enrapture, 
fascinate. 

chastity, purity, continence, virtue. 
(Lewdness.) 

cheap, inexpensive, inferior, common. 
(Dear.) 

cheerful, gay, merry, sprightly. 
(Mournful.) 

chief, chieftain, head, leader. (Sub- 
ordinate.) 

circumstance, fact, incident. 

class, degree, order, rank. 

clear, bright, lucid, vivid. (Opaque.) 

clever, adroit, dexterous, expert, 
skillful. (Stupid.) 

clothed, clad, dressed. (Naked.) 

coarse, rude, rough, unpolished. 
(Fine.) 



coax, cajole, fawn, wheedle. 

cold, cool, frigid, wintry, unfeeling, 
stoical. (Warm.) 

color, dye, stain, tinge. 

colorable, ostensible, plausible, spe- 
cious. 

combination, cabal, conspiracy, plot. 

command, injunction, order, precept. 

commodity, goods, merchandise, 
ware. 

common, mean, ordinary, vulgar. 
(Uncommon, extraordinary.) 

compassion, sympathy, pity, clem- 
ency. (Cruelty, severity.) 

compel, force, oblige, necessitate. 
(Coax, lead.) 

compensation, amends, recompense, 
•remuneration, requital, reward. 

compendium, compend, abridge- 
ment. (Enlargement . ) 

complain, lament, murmur, regret, 
. repine. (Rejoice.) 

comply, accede, conform, submit, 
yield. (Refuse.) 

compound, complex. (Simple.) 

comprehend, comprise, incluole, em- 
brace, grasp, understand, perceive. 
(Exclude, mistake.) 

comprise, comprehend, contain, em- 
brace, include. 

conceal, hide, secrete. (Uncover.) 

conceive, comprehend, understand. 

conclusion, inference, deduction. 

condemn, censure, blame, disap- 
prove. (Justify, exonerate.) 

conduct, direct, guide, lead, govern, 
regulate, manage. 

confirm, corroborate, approve, at- 
test. (Contradict.) 

conflict, combat, contest, contention, 
struggle. (Peace, quiet.) 

confute, disprove, refute, oppugn. 
(Approve.) 

conquer, overcome, subdue, sur- 
mount, vanquish. (Defeat.) 

consequence, effect, event, issue, re- 
sult. (Cause.) 

consider, reflect, ponder, weigh. 

consistent, constant, compatible. 
(Inconsistent.) 

console, comfort, solace. (Harrow, 
worry.) 

constancy, firmness, stability, stead- 
iness. (Fickleness.) 



972 






Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



contaminate, corrupt, defile, pollute, 
taint. 

contemn, despise, disdain, scorn. 
(Esteem.) 

contemplate, meditate, muse. 

contemptible, despicable, paltry, 
pitiful, vile, mean. (Noble.) 

contend, contest, dispute, strive, 
struggle, 'combat. 

continual, constant, continuous, per- 
petual, incessant. (Intermittent.) 

continuance, continuation, duration. 
(Cessation.) 

continue, persist, persevere, pursue, 
prosecute. (Cease.) 

contradict, deny, gainsay, oppose. 
(Confirm.) 

•cool, cold, frigid. (Hot.) 

correct, rectify, reform. 

cost, charge, expense, price. 

covetousness, avarice, cupidity. (Be- 
neficence.) 

cowardice, fear, timidity, pusillan- 
imity. (Courage.) 

crime, sin, vice, misdemeanor. (Vir- 
tue.) 

criminal, convict, culprit, felon, 
malefactor. 

crooked, bent, curved, oblique. 
(Straight.) 

cruel, barbarous, brutal, inhuman, 
savage. (Kind.) 

cultivation, culture, refinement. 

cursory, desultory, hasty, slight. 
(Thorough.) 

custom, fashion, manner, practice. 



danger, hazard, peril. (Safety.) 

dark, dismal, opaque, obscure, dim. 
(Light.) 

deadly, fatal, destructive, mortal. 

dear, beloved, precious, costly, ex- 
pensive. (Despised, cheap.) 

death, departure, decease, demise. 
(Life.) 

decay, decline, consumption. 
(Growth.) 

deceive, delude, impose upon, over- 
reach, gull, dupe, cheat. 

deceit, cheat, imposition, trick, delu- 
sion, guile, beguilement, treachery, 
sham. (Truthfulness.) 



decide, determine, settle, adjudicate, 
terminate, resolve. 

decipher, read, spell, interpret, solve. 

decision, determination, conclusion, 
resolution, firmness. (Vacillation.) 

declamation, oratory, elocution, ha- 
rangue, effusion, debate. 

declaration, avowal, manifestation, 
statement, profession. 

decrease, diminish, lessen, wane, der 
cline, retrench, curtail, reduce. 
(Growth.) 

dedicate, devote, consecrate, offer, 
set, apportion. 

deed, act, action, commission, 
achievement, instrument, document. 

deem, judge, estimate, consider, 
think, suppose, conceive. 

deep, profound, subterranean, sub- 
merged, designing, abstruse, learned. 
(Shallow.) 

deface, mar, spoil, injure, disfigure. 
(Beautify.) 

default, lapse, forfeit, omission, ab- 
sence, want, failure. 

defect, imperfection, flaw, fault, 
blemish. (Beauty, improvement.) 

defend, guard, protect, justify. 

defense, excuse, plea, vindication, 
bulwark, rampart. 

defer, delay, postpone, put off, pro- 
rogue, adjourn. (Force, expedite.) 

deficient, short, wanting, inadequate, 
scanty, incomplete. (Complete.) 

defile, v., pollute, «corrupt, sully. 
(Beautify.) 

define, fix, settle, determine, limit. 

defray, tneet, liquidate, pay, die- 
charge. 

degree, grade, extent, measure. 

deliberate, v. t consider, meditate, 
consult, ponder, debate. 

deliberate, a., purposed, intentional, 
designed, determined. (Hasty.) 

delicacy, nicety, daintiness, refine- 
ment, tact, softness, modesty. (Boor- 
ishness, indelicacy.) 

delicate, tender, fragile, dainty, re- 
fined. (Coarse.) 

delicious, sweet, palatable. (Nau- 
seous.) 

delight, enjoyment, pleasure, happi- 
ness, transport, ecstasy, gladness, 
rapture, bliss. (Annoyance.) 



973 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



deliver, liberate, free, rescue, pro- 
nounce, give, hand over. (Retain.) 

demonstrate, prove, show, exhibit, 
illustrate. 

depart, leave, quit, decamp, retire, 
withdraw, vanish. (Remain.) 

deprive, strip, bereave, despoil, rob, 
divest. 

depute, appoint, commission, charge, 
intrust, delegate, authorize, accredit. 

derision, scorn, contempt, contumely, 
disrespect. 

derivation, origin, source, beginning, 
cause, etymology, root. 

describe, delineate, portray, explain, 
illustrate, define, picture. 

desecrate, profane, secularize, mis- 
use, abuse, pollute. (Keep holy.) 

deserve, merit, earn, justify, win. 

design, n., delineation, sketch, draw- 
ing, cunning, artfulness, contrivance. 

desirable, expedient, advisable, valu- 
able, acceptable, proper, judicious, 
beneficial, profitable, good. 

desire, n., longing, affection, craving. 

desist, cease, stop, discontinue, drop, 
abstain, forbear. (Continue, per- 
severe.) 

desolate, bereaved, forlorn, forsaken, 
deserted, wild, waste, bare, bleak, 
lonely. (Pleasant, happy.) 

desperate, wild, daring, audacious, 
determined, reckless. 

despised, degraded, worthless. (Ad- 
mired.) 

destiny, fate, decree, doom, end. 

destructive, detrimental, hurtful, 
.noxious, injurious, deleterious, bale- 
ful, baneful, subversive. (Creative.) 

desuetude, disuse, discontinuance. 
(Maintenance.) 

desultory, rambling, discursive, loose, 
unmethodical, superficial, unsettled, 
erratic, fitful. (Thorough.) 

detail, n., particular, specification, 
minutiae. 

detail, v., particularize, enumerate, 
specify. (Generalize.) 

deter, warn, stop, dissuade, terrify, 
scare. (Encourage.) 

detriment, loss, harm, injury, dete- 
rioration. (Benefit.) 

develop, unfold, amplify, expand, en- 
large. 



device, artifice, expedient, contrivance. 

devoid, void, wanting, destitute, un- 
endowed, unprovided. (Full, com- 
plete.) 

devoted, attached, fond, absorbed, 
dedicated. 

dictate, prompt, suggest, enjoin, or- 
der, command. 

dictatorial, imperative, imperious, 
domineering, arbitrary, tyrannical, 
overbearing. (Submissive.) 

die, expire, depart, perish, decline, 
languish, wane, sink, fade, decay. 

diet, foods, victuals, nourishment, nu- 
triment, sustenance, fare. 

difference, separation, disagreement, 
discord, dissent, estrangement, vari- 
ety. 

different, various, manifold, diverse, 
unlike, separate, distinct. (Similar.) 

difficult, hard, intricate, involved, 
perplexing, obscure, unmanageable. 
(Easy.) 

diffuse, discursive, prolix, diluted, co- 
pious. 

dignify, aggrandize, elevate, invest, 
exalt, advance, promote, honor. (De- 
grade.) 

dilate, stretch, widen, expand, swell, 
distend, enlarge, descant, expatiate. 

dilatory, tardy, procrastinating, be- 
hindhand, lagging, dawdling. 
(Prompt.) 

diligence, care, assiduity, attention, 
heed, industry. (Negligence.) 

diminish, lessen, reduce, contract, 
curtail, retrench. (Increase.) 

disability, unfitness, incapacity. 

discern, descry, observe, recognize, 
see, discriminate, separate, perceive. 

discipline, order, strictness, -training, 
coercion, punishment, organization. 
(Confusion, demoralization.) 

discover, make known, find, invent, 
contrive, expose, reveal. 

discreditable, shameful, disgraceful, 
scandalous, disreputable. (Credit- 
able.) 

discreet, cautious, prudent, wary, 
judicious. (Indiscreet.) 

discrepancy, disagreement, differ- 
ence, variance. (Agreement.) 

discrimination, acuteness, discern- 
ment, judgment, caution. 



974 









Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 

disease, complaint, malady, disorder, do, effect, make, perform, accomplish, 

ailment, sickness. finish, transact. 
disgrace, n., disrepute, reproach, dis- docile, tractable, teachable, corn- 
honor, shame, odium. (Honor J pliant, tame. (Stubborn.) 
disgrace > v., debase, degrade, de/ame, doctrine, tenet, article of belief, 

discredit. (Exalt.) creed, dogma, teaching. 

disgust, dislike, distaste, loathing, doleful, dolorous, woebegone, rueful, 

abomination, abhorrence. (Admira- dismal, piteous. (Joyous.) 

tion.) doom, n., sentence, verdict, judg- 

dishonest, unjust, fraudulent, unfair, ment, fate, lot, destiny. 

deceitful, cheating, deceptive, wrong- doubt, n.. uncertainty, suspense, hes- 

ful. (Honest.) itation, scruple, ambiguity. (Cer- 

dismay, v., terrify, frighten, scare, tainty.) 

daunt, appal, dishearten. (Encour- draw, pull, haul, drag, attract, inhale, 

age.) sketch, describe. 

dismay, n., terror, dread, fear, fright, dread, n., fear, horror, terror, alarm, 

(Assurance.) dismay, awe. (Boldness, assurance.) 

dismiss, send off, discharge, discard, dreadful, fearful, frightful, shocking, 

banish. ("Retain.) awful, horrible, horrid, terrific. 

dispel, scatter, drive away, disperse, dress, n., clothing, attire, apparel, 

dissipate. (Collect.) garments, costume, garb, livery. 

display, show, spread out, exhibit, drift, purpose, meaning, scope, aim, 

expose. (Hide.) tendency, direction. 
dispose, arrange, place, order, give, droll, funny, laughable, comic, whim- 
bestow, sical, queer, amusing. (Solemn.) 
dispute, v., argue, contest, contend, drown, inundate, swamp, submerge, 

question, impugn. (Assent.) overwhelm, engulf. 

dispute, n., argument, debate, con- dry, a., arid, parched, lifeless, dull, 

troversy, quarrel, disagreement. tedious, uninteresting, meagre. 

(Harmony.) (Moist, interesting, succulent.) 

dissent, disagree, differ, vary. (As- due, owing to, attributable to, just, 

sent.) fair, proper, debt, right. 

distinct, clear, plain, obvious, dif- dull, stupid, gloomy, sad, dismal, 

ferent, separate. (Obscure, indis- commonplace. (tfright.) 

tinct.) dunce, simpleton, fool, ninny, idiot. 

distinguish, perceive, discern, mark (Sage.) 

out, divide, discriminate. durable, lasting, permanent, abiding, 

distinguished, famous, glorious, far- continuing. (Ephemeral, perishable.) 

famed, noted, illustrious,' eminent, dwell, stay, stop, abide, sojourn, Un- 
celebrated. (Obscure, unknown, or- ger, tarry. 

dinary.) dwindle, pine, waste, dimmish, de- 
distract, perplex, bewilder. (Calm, crease, fall off. (Grow.) 

concentrate*.) 

distribute, allot, share*, dispense, ap- E . 

portion, deal. (Collect.) 

disturb, derange, discompose, agitate, eager, hot, ardent, impassioned, for- 

rouse, interrupt, confuse, trouble, ward, impatient. (Diffident.) 

annoy, vex, worry. (Pacify, quiet.) earn, acquire, obtain, win, gain, 

disuse, discontinuance, abolition, de- achieve. 

suetude. (Use.) earnest, a., ardent, serious, grave, 

divide, part, separate, distribute, solemn, warm. (Trifling.) 

deal out, sever, sunder. earnest, n., pledge, pawn. 

divine, godlike, holy, heavenly, sa- ease, n, comfort, rest. (Worry.) 

cred, a parson, clergyman, minister, ease, v., calm, alleviate, allay, miti- 

975 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 

gate, appease, assuage, pacify, dis- encounter, attack, conflict, combat, 

burden, rid. (Annoy, worry.) assault, onset, engagement, battle, 

easy, light, comfortable, unconstrain- action. 

ed. (Difficult, hard.) encourage, countenance, sanction, 

eccentric, irregular, anomalous, sin- support, foster, cherish, inspirit, em- 

gular, odd, abnormal, wayward, par- bolden, animate, cheer, incite, urge, 

ticular, strange. (Regular, ordinary.) impel, stimulate. (Deter.) 
economical, sparing, saving, provi- end, n., aim, object, purpose, result, 

dent, thrifty, frugal, careful, nig- conclusion, upshot, close, expiration, 

gardly. (Wasteful.) termination, extremity, sequel. 

edge, border, brink, rim, brim, mar- endeavor, attempt, try, essay, strive, 

gin, verge. aim. 

efface, blot out, expunge, obliterate, endurance, continuation, duration, 

wipe out, cancel, erase. fortitude, patience, resignation. 

effect, n., consequence, result, issue, endure, v., last, continue, support, 

event, execution, operation. bear, sustain, suffer, brook, submit 

effect, v., accomplish, fulfill, realize, to, undergo. (Perish.) 

achieve, execute, operate, complete, enemy, foe, antagonist, adversary, 
effective, efficient, operative, service- opponent. (Friend.) 

able. (Vain, ineffectual.) energetic, industrious, effectual, effi- 

efficacy, efficiency, energy, agency, cacious, powerful, binding, stringent, 

instrumentality. forcible, nervous. (Lazy.) 

efficient, effectual, effective, compe- engage, employ, busy, occupy, at- 

tent, capable, able, fitted. tract, invite, allure, entertain, en- 

eliminate, drive out, expel, thrust gross, take up, enlist. 

out, eject, cast out, oust, dislodge, engross, absorb, take up, busy, oc- 

banish, proscribe cupy, engage, mobilize. 

eloquence, oratory, rhetoric, declama- engulf, swallow up, absorb, imbibe, 

tion. drown, submerge, bury, entomb, 

elucidate, make plain, explain, clear overwhelm. 

up, illustrate. enjoin, order, ordain, appoint, pre- 

clude, evade, escape, avoid, shun. scribe. 

embarrass, perplex, entangle, dis- enjoyment, pleasure, gratification, 

tress, m trouble. (Assist.) (Grief, sorrow, sadness.) 

embellish, adorn, decorate, bedeck, enlarge, increase, extend, augment, 

beautify, deck. (Disfigure.) broaden, swell. (Diminish.) 

embolden, inspirit, animate, encour- enlighten, illumine, illuminate, in- 

age, cheer, urge, impel, stimulate. strjuct; inform. (Befog, becloud.) 

(Discourage.) enliven, cheer, vivify, stirup, animate, 

eminent, distinguished, signal, con- inspire, exhilarate. (Sadden,, quiet.) 

spicuous, noted, prominent, elevated, enmity, animosity, hostility, ill-will, 

renowned, famous, glorious, illustri- .maliciousness. (Friendship.) 

ous. (Obscure, unknown.) enormous, gigantic, colossal, huge, 

emit, give out, throw out, exhale, dis-» vast, immense, prodigious. (Insig- 

charge, vent. nificant.) 

emotion, perturbation, agitation, enough, sufficient, plenty, abundance. 

trepidation, tremor, mental conflict. (Want.) # 

employ, occupy, busy, take up with, enraged, infuriated, raging, wrathful. 

engross. (Pacified.) 

employment, business, avocation, en- enrapture, enchant, fascinate, charm, 

gagement, office, function, trade, pro- captivate, bewitch. (Repel.) 

fession, occupation, calling, vocation, enroll, enlist, list, register, record. 
encompass, v. } encircle, surround, enterprise, undertaking, endeavor, 

gird, beset. venture, energy. 

976 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



enthusiasm, earnest, devotion, zeal, 
ardor. (Ennui, lukewarmness.) 

enthusiast, fanatic, visionary. 

equal, equable, even, like, alike, uni- 
form. (Unequal.) 

eradicate, root out, extirpate, exter- 
minate. 



fable, apologue, novel, romance, tale. 
face, visage, countenance. 
facetious, pleasant, jocular, jocose. 

(Serious.) 
factor, agent. 



erroneous, incorrect, inaccurate, in- fail, to fall short, be deficient. (Ac- 



exact. (Exact.) 

error, blunder, mistake. (Truth.) 

especially, chiefly, particularly, prin 
cipally. (Generally.) 

essay, dissertation, tract, treatise. 

establish, build up, confirm 
throw.) 

esteem, regard, respect. (Contempt.) 

estimate, appraise, appreciate, es- 
teem, compute, rate. 

estrangement, abstraction, 
tion. 

eternal, endless, everlasting, 
nite.) 

evade, equivocate, prevaricate 

even, level, plain, smooth. (Uneven.) 



complish.) 
faint, feeble, languid. (Forcible.) 
fair, clear. (Stormy.) 
fair, equitable, honest, reasonable. 
(Unfair.) 
(Over- faith, creed. (Unbelief, infidelity.) 
faithful, true, loyal, constant. (Faith- 



J.) 



treacherous. 



faithless, perfidious, 
(Faithful.) 
aliena- fall, drop, droop, sink, tumble. (Rise.) 
fame, renown, reputation. 
(Fi- famous, celebrated, renowned, illus- 
trious. (Obscure.) 
fanciful, capricious, fantastical, 
whimsical. 



event, accident, adventure, incident, fancy, imagination. 



occurrence. 

evil, ill, harm, mischief, misfortune. 
(Good.) 

exact, nice, particular, punctual. (In- 
exact.) 

exalt, ennoble, dignify, raise. (Hum- 
ble.) 

examination, investigation, inquiry, 
research, search, scrutiny. 



fast, rapid, quick, fleet, expeditious. 
(Slow.) 

fatigue, weariness, lassitude. (Vig- 
or.) 

fear, timidity, timorousness. (Brav- 
ery.) 

feeling, sensation, sense. 

feeling, sensibility, susceptibility. 
(Insensibility.) 



exceed, excel, outdo, surpass, tran- ferocious, fierce, savage, wild, bar- 



scend. (Fall short.) 
exceptional, uncommon, rare, extra- 
ordinary. (Common.) 



barous. (Mild.) 
fertile, fruitful, prolific, plenteous, 
productive. (Sterile.) 



excite, awaken, provoke, rouse, stir fiction, falsehood, fabrication. (Fact.) 

figure, allegory, emblem, metaphor, 
symbol, picture, type. 

find, descry, discover, espy. (Lose, 
overlook.) 

fine, a., delicate, nice. (Coarse.) 

fine, n., forfeit, forfeiture, mulct, pen- 
alty. 

fire, glow, warmth, heat. 

firm, constant, solid, steadfast, fixed, 
stable. (Weak.) 

first, foremost, chief, earliest. (Last.) 

fit, accommodate, adapt, adjust, suit. 

fix, determine, establish, settle, limit. 

flame, blaze, flare, flash, glare. 

flat, level, even. 



up. (Lull.) 

excursion, jaunt, ramble, tour, trip. 

execute, fulfill, perforin. 

exempt, free, cleared. 

exercise, practice. 

exhaustive, thorough, 
(Cursory.) 

exigency, emergency. 

experiment, proof, trial, test. 

explain, expound, interpret, 
trate, -elucidate. 

express, declare, signify, utter, tell. 

extend, reach, stretch. (Abridge.) 

extravagant, lavish, profuse, prodi- 
gal. (Parsimonious.) 



(Subject.) 
complete. 



illus- 



Dic. 74 



977 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning: 

flexible, pliant, pliable, ductile, sup- stiff, methodical, affected. (Infor- 

ple. (Inflexible.) mal, natural.) 

flourish, prosper, thrive. (Decay.) former, antecedent, anterior, pre- 

fluctuating, wavering, hesitating, os- vious, prior, preceding, foregoing. 

cillating, vacillating, change. (Firm, forsaken, abandoned, forlorn, desert- 
steadfast, decided.) ed, desolate, lone, lonesome. 
fluent, flowing, glib, voluble, unem- forthwith, immediately, directly, in- 

barrassed, ready. (Hesitating.) . stantly, instantaneously. (Anon.) 
folks, persons, people, individuals. fortitude, endurance, resolution, fear- 
follow, succeed, ensue, imitate, copy, lessness, dauntlessness. (Weakness.) 

pursue. fortunate, lucky, happy, auspicious, 

follower, partisan, disciple, adherent, prosperous, successful. (Unfortu- 

retainer, pursuer, successor. nate.) 

folly, silliness, foolishness, imbecil- fortune, chance, fate, luck, doom, 

ity, weakness. (Wisdom.) destiny, property, possession, riches. 

fond, enamored, attached, affection- foster, cherish, nurse, tend, harbor, 

ate. (Distant.) nurture. (Neglect.) 

fondness, affection, attachment, kind- foul, impure, nasty, filthy, dirty, un- 

ness, love. (Aversion.) clean, defiled. (Pure, clean.) 

foolhardy, venturesome, incautious, fractious, cross, captious, petulant, 

hasty, adventurous, rash. (Cau- touchy, testy, peevish, fretful, splen- 

tious.) etic. (Tractable.) 

foolish, simple, silly, irrational, brain- fragile, brittle, frail, delicate, feeble. 

less, imbecile, crazy, absurd, prepos- (Strong.) 

terous, ridiculous, nonsensical. (Dis- fragments, pieces, scraps, leavings, 

creet, wise.) chips, remains, remnants. 

fop, dandy, dude, beau, coxcomb, pup- frailty, weakness, failing, foible, im- 

py, jackanapes. (Gentleman.) perfection, fault, blemish. (Strength.) 

forbear, abstain, refrain, withhold. frame, v., construct, invent, coin, 

force, n., strength, vigor, dint, might, fabricate, forge, mold, feign, make, 

energy, power, violence, army, host. compose. 

force, v., compel. (Persuade.) franchise, right, exemption, immu- 

forecast, forethought, foresight, pre- nity, privilege, freedom, suffrage. 

meditation, prognostication. frank, artless, candid, sincere, free, 

forego, quit, relinquish, let go, waive. easy, familiar, open, ingenuous, 

foregoing, antecedent, anterior, pre- plain. (Tricky, insincere.) 

ceding, previous, prior, former. frantic, distracted, mad, furious, rav- 

forerunner, herald, harbinger, pre- ing, frenzied. (Quiet, subdued.) 

cursor, omen. fraud, deceit, deception, duplicity, 

foresight, forethought, forecast, pre- guile, cheat, imposition. (Honesty.) 

meditation. freak, fancy, humor, vagary, whim, 

forge, coin, invent, frame, feign, fab- caprice, crotcRet. (Purpose, resolu- 

ricate, counterfeit. tion.) 

forgive, pardon, remit, absolve, ac- free, a., liberal, generous, bountiful, 

quit, excuse, except. bounteous, munificent, frank, art- 
forlorn, forsaken, abandoned, desert- less, candid, familiar, open, inde- 
ed, desolate, lone, lonesome. pendent, unconfined, unreserved, un- 
form, n., ceremony, solemnity, obser- restricted, exempt, clear, loose, easy, 

vance, rite, figure, shape, conforma- careless. (Slavish, stingy, artful, 

tion, fashion, appearance, represen- costly.) 

tation, semblance. free, v., release, set free, deliver, res- 
form, v., make, create, produce, con- cue, liberate, enfranchise, affranchise, 

stitute, arrange, fashion, mould. emancipate, exempt. (Enslave, bind.) 

formal, ceremonious, precise, exact, freedom, liberty, independence, unre- 

978 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



straint, familiarity, license, fran- 
chise, exemption, privilege. (Slav- 
ery.) 

frequent, often, common, usual, gen- 
eral. (Rare.) 

fret, gall, chafe, agitate, irritate, vex. 

friendly, amicable, social, sociable. 
(Distant, reserved, cool.) 

frightful, fearful, dreadful, dire, 
direful, terrific, awful, horrible, hor- 
rid. 

frivolous, trifling, trivial, petty. 
(Serious, earnest.) 

frugal, provident, economical, saving. 
(Wasteful, extravagant.) 

fruitful, fertile, prolific, productive, 
abundant, plentiful, plenteous. (Bar- 
ren, sterile.) , 

fruitless, vain, useless, idle, abortive, 
bootless, unavailing, without avail. 

frustrate, defeat, foil, balk, disap- 
point. 

fulfill, accomplish, effect, complete. 

fully, completely, abundantly, per- 
fectly. 

fulsome, coarse, gross, sickening, of- 
fensive, rank. (Moderate.) 

furious, violent, boisterous, vehe- 
ment, dashing, sweeping, rolling, im- 
petuous, frantic, distracted, stormy, 
angry, raging, fierce. (Calm.) 

futile, trifling, trivial, frivolous, use- 
less. (Effective.) 



gain, n ., profit, emolument, advan- 
tage, benefit, winnings, earnings. 
(Loss.) 

gain, v., get, acquire, obtain, attain, 
procure, earn, win, achieve, reap, 
realize, reach. (Lose.) 

gallant, brave, bold, courageous, gay, 
fine, showy, intrepid, heroic, fear- 
less. 

galling, chafing, irritating, vexing. 
(Soothing.) 

game, play, pastime, diversion, sport, 
amusement. 

gang, band, horde, company, troop, 
crew. 

gap, breach, chasm, hollow, cavity, 
cleft, crevice, rift, chink. 

garnish, embellish, adorn, beautify, 
deck, decorate. 



gather, pick, cull, assemble, muster, 
infer, collect. (Scatter.) 

gaudy, showy, flashy, tawdry, gay, 
glittering, bespangled. (Somber.) 

gaunt, emaciated, scraggy, skinny, 
meagre, lank, attenuated, spare, 
lean, thin. (Well-fed.) 

gay, cheerful, merry, lively, jolly, 
sprightly, blithe. (Solemn.) 

generate, form, make, beget, produce. 

generation, formation, race, breed, 
stock, kind, age, era. 

generous, beneficent, noble,honorable, 
bountiful, liberal, free. (Niggardly. ) 

genial, cordial, hearty, festive, joy- 
ous. (Distant, cold.) 

genius, intellect, invention, talent, 
taste, nature, character, adept. 

genteel, refined, polished, fashion- 
able, polite, well-bred. (Boorish.) 

gentle, placid, , bland, mild, meek, 
tame, docile. (Rough, uncouth.) 

genuine, real, true, unaffected, sin- 
cere. (False.) 

gesture, attitude, action, posture. 

get, obtain, earn, gain, attain, pro- 
cure, achieve. 

ghastly, pallid, wan, hideous, grim, 
shocking. 

ghost, spectre, sprite, apparition, 
shade, phantom. 

gibe, scoff, sneer r flout, jeer, mock, 
taunt, deride. 

giddy, unsteady, flighty, thoughtless. 
(Steady.) 

gift, donation, benefaction, grant, 
alms, gratuity, boon, present, facul- 
ty, talent. (Purchase.) 

gigantic, colossal, huge, enormous, 
vast, prodigious, immense. (Dimin- 
utive.) 

give, grant, bestow, confer, yield, im- 
part. 

glad, pleased, cheerful, joyful, glad- 
some, gratified, cheering. (Sad.) 

gleam, glimmer, glance, glitter, shine, 
flash. 

glee, gayety, merriment, mirth, jovial- 
ity, joy, hilarity. (Sorrow.) 

glide, slip, slide, run, roll on. . . 

glimmer, v., gleam, flicker, glitter. 

glimpse, glance, look, glint. 

glitter, gleam, shine, glisten, glister, 
radiate. 



979 



w.- 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



gloom, cloud, darkness, dimness, 
blackness, dullness, sadness. (Light, 

■ brightness, joy.) 

gloomy, lowering, lurid, dim, dusky, 
sad, glum. (Bright, clear.) 

glorify, magnify, celebrate, adore, ex- 
alt. 

glorious, famous, renowned, distin- 
guished, noble, exalted. (Infamous.) 

glory, honor, fame, renown, splendor, 
grandeur. (Infamy.) 

glut, gorge, stuff, cram, cloy, satiate, 
block up. 

go, depart, proceed, move, budge, stir. 

God, Creator, Lord, Almighty, Jeho- 
vah, Omnipotence, Providence. 

godly, righteous, devout, holy, pious, 
religious. 

good, benefit, weal, advantage, profit, 
boon. (Evil.) 

good, a., virtuous, righteous, upright, 
just, true. (Wicked, bad.) 

gorge, glut, fill, cram, stuff, satiate. 

gorgeous, superb, grand, magnificent, 
splendid. (Plain, simple.) 

govern, rule, direct, manage, command. 

government, rule, state, control, 
sway. 

graceful, becoming, comely, elegant, 
beautiful. (Awkward.) 

gracious, merciful, kindly, beneficent. 

gradual, slow, progressive. (Sudden.) 

grand, majestic, stately, dignified, 
lofty, elevated, exalted, splendid, 
gorgeous, superb, magnificent, sub- 
lime, pompous. (Shabby.) 

grant, bestow, impart, give, yield 
cede, allow, confer, invest. 

grant, gift, boon, donation. 

graphic, forcible, telling, picturesque, 
vivid, pictorial. 

grasp, catch, seize, gripe, clasp, grap- 
ple. 

grateful, agreeable, pleasing, wel- 
come, thankful. (Harsh.) 

gratification, enjoyment, pleasure, 
delight, reward. (Disappointment.) 

grave, a., serious, sedate, solemn, 
sober, pressing, heavy. (Giddy.) 

grave, n., tomb, sepulchre, vault. 

great, big, huge, large, majestic, vast, 
grand, noble, august. (Small.) 

greediness, avidity, eagerness, vorac- 
ity. (Generosity.) 



grief, affliction, sorrow, trial, woe, 
tribulation. (Joy.) 

grieve, mourn, lament, sorrow, pain, 
hurt, wound, bewail. (Rejoice.) 

grievous, painful, afflicting, heavy, 
baleful, unhappy. 

grind, crush, oppress, grate, harass, 
afflict. 

grisly, terrible, hideous, grim, ghast- 
ly, dreadful. (Pleasing.) 

gross, coarse, outrageous, unseemly, 
shameful, indelicate. (Delicate.) 

group, assembly, cluster, collection, 
clump, order, class. 

grovel, crawl, cringe, fawn, sneak. 

grow, increase, vegetate, expand, ad- 
vance. (Decay, diminution.) 

growl, grumble, snarl, murmur, com- 
plain. 

grudge, malice, rancor, spite, pique, 
hatred, aversion. 

gruff, rough, rugged, blunt, rude, 
harsh, surly, bearish. (Pleasant.) 

guile, deceit, fraud. (Candor.) 

guiltless, harmless, innocent. 

guilty, culpable, sinful, criminal. 

H 

habit, custom, practice. 

hail, accost, address, greet, salute, 
welcome. 

happiness, beatitude, blessedness, 
bliss, felicity. (Unhappiness.) 

harbor, haven, port. 

hard, firm, solid. (Soft.) 

hard, arduous, difficult. (Easy.) 

harm, injury, hurt, wrong, infliction. 
(Benefit.) 

harmless, safe, innocuous, innocent. 
(Hurtful.) 

harsh, rough, rigorous, severe, gruff, 
morose. (Gentle.) 

hasten, accelerate, dispatch, expedite, 
speed. (Delay.) 

hasty, hurried, ill-advised. (Delib- 
erate.) 

hateful, odious, detestable. (Lov 
able.) 

hatred, enmity, ill-will, rancor. 
(Friendship.) 

haughtiness, arrogance, pride. (Mod- 
esty.) 

haughty, arrogant, disdainful, super- 
cilious, proud. 






Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



hazard, risk, venture. ignominious, shameful, scandalous, 
healthy, salubrious, salutary, whole- infamous. (Honorable.) 

some. (Unhealthy.) ignominy, shame, disgrace, obloquy, 
heap, accumulate, amass, pile. infamy, reproach. 

hearty, a., cordial, sincere, warm, ignorant, unlearned, illiterate, unin- 

(lnsincere.) formed, uneducated. (Knowing.) 

heavy, burdensome, ponderous, ill, n., evil, wickedness, misfortune, 

weighty. (Light.) „ mischief, harm. (Good.) 

heed, care, attention. ill, a., sick, indisposed, unwell, dis- 
heighten, enhance, exalt, elevate, eased. (Well.) 

raise. ill-tempered, crabbed, sour, surly, 
heinous, atrocious, flagitious, fla- acrimonious. (Good-natured.) 

grant. (Venial.). ill-will, enmity, hatred, antipathy. 
help, aid, assist, relieve, succor. (Good-will.) 

(Hinder.) illegal, unlawful, illicit, contraband, 
heretic, sectary, sectarian, schismat- illegitimate. (Legal.) 

ic, dissenter, non-conformist. illimitable, boundless, immeasur- 
hesitate, falter, stammer, stutter. able, unlimited, infinite. 

hideous, grim, ghastly, grisly. (Beau- illiterate, unlettered, unlearned, un- 

tiful.) taught, uninstructed. (Learned, ed- 

high, lofty, tall, elevated. (Deep.) ucated.) 

hinder, impede, obstruct, prevent, illusion, fallacy, deception, phan- 

(Help.) tasm. 

hint, allude, refer, suggest, intimate, illusory, imaginary, chimerical, vis- 
insinuate, ionary. (Real.) 

hold, detain, keep, retain. illustrate, explain, elucidate, clear. 

holiness, sanctity, piety, sacredness. illustrious, celebrated, noble, emi- 
holy, devout, pious, religious. nent, famous, renowned., (Obscure.) 

homely, plain, ugly, coarse. (Beautiful) image, likeness, picture, representa- 
honesty, integrity, probity, -upright- tion, effigy. 

ness. (Dishonesty.)* imaginary, ideal, fanciful, illusory. 
honor, v., respect, reverence, esteem. (Real.) 

(Dishonor.) imagine, conceive, fancy, apprehend, 
hope, confidence, expectation, trust. think, presume. 

hopeless, desperate. imbecility, silliness, senility, dotage. 

hot, ardent, burning, fiery. (Cold*.) imitate, copy, ape, mimic, mock, 
however, nevertheless, notwithstand- counterfeit. 

ing, yet. immaculate, unspotted, spotless, un- 
humble, modest, submissive, plain, sullied. (Soiled.) 

unostentatious, simple. (Haughty.) immediate, pressing, instant, next, 
humble, degrade, humiliate, mortify, proximate. 

abase. (Exalt.) immediately, instantly, forthwith, 
humor, mood, temper. directly, presently. 

hunt, seek, chase. immense, vast, enormous, huge, pro- 
hurtful, noxious, pernicious. (Ben- digious, monstrous. 

eficial.) immunity, privilege, prerogative, ex- 
husbandry, cultivation, tillage. emption. 

hypocrite, dissembler, imposter, canter impair, injure, diminish, decrease. 

hypothesis, theory, supposition. impart, reveal, divulge, disclose, dis- 
cover, bestow, afford. 

* impartial, just, equitable, unbiased, 
idea, thought, imagination. (Partial.) 

ideal, imaginary, fancied. (Actual.) impassioned, glowing, burning, fiery. 
Idle, indolent, lazy. (Industrious.) vehement, intense. 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



impeach, accuse, charge, arraign, 
censure. 

impede, hinder, retard, obstruct, pre- 
vent. (Help.) 

impediment, obstruction, hindrance, 
obstacle, barrier. (Aid.) 

impel, animate, induce, incite, insti- 
gate, embolden. (Retard.) 

impending, imminent, threatening. 

imperative, commanding, despotic, 
authoritative. 

imperfection, fault, blemish, defect, 
vice. 

imperil, endanger, hazard, jeopardize. 

imperious, commanding, dictatorial, 
authoritative, imperative, lordly, 
domineering, overbearing. 

impertinent, intrusive, meddling, of- 
ficious, rude, saucy, impudent, inso- 
lent. 

impetuous, violent, boisterous, furi- 
ous, vehement. (Calm.) 

impious, profane, irreligious, godless. 
(Reverent.) 

implicate, involve, entangle, embar- 
rass, compromise. 

imply, involve, comprise,' infold, im- 
port, denote, signify. 

importance, signification, s i g n i fi- 
cance, avail, consequence, weight, 
gravity, moment. 

imposing, impressive, striking, ma- 
jestic, august, noble, grand. (In- 
significant.) 

impotence, weakness, incapacity, in- 
firmity, frailty, feebleness. (Power.) 

impotent, weak, feeble, helpless, en- 
feebled, nerveless, infirm. (Strong.) 

impressive, stirring, forcible, excit- 
ing, affecting, moving. 

imprison, incarcerate, shut up, im- 
mure, confine. (Liberate.) 

imprisonment, captivity, durance. 

improve, amend, better, mend, re- 
form, rectify, ameliorate, apply, use, 
employ. (Deteriorate.) 

improvident, careless, incautious, 
imprudent, prodigal, wasteful, reck- 
less, rash. (Thrifty.) 

impudence, assurance, impertinence, 
confidence, insolenee, rudeness. 

impudent, saucy, brazen, bold, im- 
pertinent, forward, rude, insolent, 
immodest, shameless. 



impulse, incentive, incitement, mo- 
tive, instigation. 

impulsive, rash, hasty, forcible, 
violent. (Deliberate.) 

imputation, blame, censure, re- 
proach, charge, accusation. 

inadvertency, error, oversight, blun- 
der inattention, carelessness, negli- 
gence. 

incentive, motive, inducement, im- 
pulse. 

incite, instigate, excite, provoke, 
stimulate, encourage, urge, impel. 

inclination, leaning, slope, disposi- 
tion, tendency, bent, bias, affection, 
attachment, wish, liking, desire. 
(Aversion.) 

incline, v., slope, lean, slant, tend, 
bend, turn, bias, dispose. 

inclose, surround, shut in, fence in, 
cover, wrap. 

include, comprehend, comprise, con- 
tain, embrace, take in. 

incommode, annoy, plague, molest, 
disturb, inconvenience, trouble. (Ac- 
commodate.) 

incompetent, incapable, unable, in- 
adequate, insufficient. (Competent.) 

increase, v., extend, enlarge, aug- 
ment, dilate, expand, amplify, raise, 
enhance, aggravate, magnify, grow. 
(Diminish.) 

increase, n., augmentation, accession, 
addition, enlargement, extension. 
(Decrease.) 

incumbent, obligatory. 

indefinite, vague, uncertain, unset- 
tled, loose, lax. (Definite.) 

indicate, point out, show, mark. 

indifference, apathy, carelessness, 
listlessness, insensibility. (Applica- 
tion, assiduity.) 

indigence, want, neediness, penury, 
poverty, destitution, privation. {AS.- 
fluence.) 

indignation, anger, wrath, ire, re- 
sentment. 

indignity, insult, affront, outrage, 
obloquy, opprobrium, reproach, ig- 
nominy. (Honor.) 

indiscriminate, promiscuous, indis- 
tinct, chance, confused. (Select, 
chosen.) 

indispensable, essential, necessary, 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



requisite, expedient. (Unnecessary, 
supernumerary.) 

indisputable, undeniable, undoubt- 
ed, incontestable, indubitable, un- 
questionable, sure, infallible. 

indorse, ratify, confirm, superscribe. 

indulge, foster, cherish, fondle. (De- 

ineffectual, vain, useless, unavailing, 
fruitless, abortive, inoperative. (Ef- 
fective.) 

inequality, disparity, disproportion, 
dissimilarity, unevenness. (Equal- 
ity.) 

inevitable, unavoidable, not to be 
avoided, certain. 

infamous, scandalous, shameful, ig- 
nominious, opprobrious, disgraceful. 
(Honorable.) 

inference, deduction, corollary, con- 
clusion, consequence. 

infernal, diabolical, fiendish, devil- 
ish, hellish. 

infest, annoy, plague, harass, disturb. 

infirm, weak, feeble, enfeebled. (Ro- 
bust.) 

inflame, anger, irritate, enrage, chafe, 
incense, nettle, aggravate, embitter, 
exasperate. (Allay, soothe.) 

influence, v., bias, sway, prejudice, 
prepossess. 

influence, n., credit, favor, reputa- 
tion, character, weight, authority, 
sway, ascendency. 

infringe, invade, intrude, contravene, 
break, transgress, violate. 

ingenuous, artless, candid, generous, 
open, frank, plain, sincere. (Crafty.) 

inhuman, cruel, brutal, savage, bar- 
barous, ruthless, merciless, ferocious. 
(Humane.) 

iniquity, injustice, wrong, grievance. 

injure, damage, hurt, deteriorate, 
wrong, aggrieve, harm, spoil, mar, 
sully. (Benefit.) 

injurious, hurtful, baneful, pernicious, 
deleterious, noxious, prejudicial, 
wrongful, damaging. (Beneficial.) 

injustice, wrong, iniquity, grievance. 
(Right.) 

innocent, guiltless, sinless, harmless, 
inoffensive, innoxious. (Guilty.) 

innocuous, harmless, safe, innocent. 
(Hurtful.) 



inordinate, intemperate, irregular, 
disorderly, excessive, immoderate. 
(Moderate.) 

inquiry, investigation, examination, 
research, scrutiny, disquisition, ques- 
tion, query, interrogation. 

inquisitive, prying, peeping, curious, 
peering. 

insane, mad, deranged, delirious, de- 
mented. (Sane.) 

insanity, madness, mental aberra- 
tion, lunacy, delirium. (Sanity.) 

insinuate, hint, intimate, suggest, in- 
fuse, introduce, ingratiate. 

insipid, dull, flat, mawkish, tasteless, 
vapid, inanimate, lifeless. (Bright, 
sparkling.) • 

insolent, rude, saucy, pert, imper- 
tinent, abusive, scurrilous, opprobri- 
ous, insulting, offensive. 

inspire, animate, exhilarate, enliven, 
cheer, breathe, inhale. 

instability, mutability, fickleness, 
mutableness, wavering. (Stability, 
firmness.) 

instigate, stir up, persuade, animate, 
incite, urge, stimulate, encourage. 

instil, implant, inculcate, infuse, in- 
sinuate. 

instruct, inform, teach, educate, en- 
lighten, initiate. 

instrumental, conducive, assistant, 
helping, ministerial. 

insufficiency, ' inadequacy, incompe- 
tency, incapability, deficiency, lack. 

insult, affront, ' outrage, indignity, 
blasphemy. (Honor.) 

insulting, - insolent, rude, saucy, im- 
pertinent, abusive. 

integrity, uprightness, honesty, pro- 
bity, entirety, entireness, complete- 
ness, rectitude, purity. (Dishonesty.) 

intellect, understanding, sense, brains, 
mind, intelligence, ability, talent, 
genius. (Body.) 

intellectual, mental, ideal, meta- 
physical. (Brutal.) 

intelligible^ clear, obvious, plain, 
distinct. (Abstruse.) 

intemperate, immoderate, excessive, 
drunken, nimious, inordinate. ( Tem- 
perate.) 

intense, ardent, earnest, glowing, fer- 
vid, burning, vehement. 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 

intent, design, purpose, intention, invoke, invocate, call upon, appeal, 

drift, view, aim, purport, meaning. refer, implore, beseech. 

intercourse, commerce, connection, involve, implicate, entangle, compro- 

intimacy, acquaintance. mise, envelop. 

interdict, forbid, prohibit, inhibit, irksome, wearisome, tiresome, tedi- 

proscribe, debar, restrain from. ous, annoying. (Pleasant.) 

(Allow.) irony, sarcasm, satire, ridicule, rail- 
interfere, meddle, intermeddle, inter- lery. 

pose. irrational, foolish, silly, imbecile, 

interminable, endless, interminate, brutish, absurd, ridiculous. (Ita- 

infinite, unlimited, illimitable, bound- tional . ) 

less, limitless. (Brief, concise.) irregular, eccentric, anomalous, in- 

interpose, intercede, arbitrate, medi- ordinate, intemperate. (Regular.) 

tate, interfere, meddle. irreligious, profane, godless, impi- 

interpret, explain, expound, eluci- ous, sacrilegious, desecrating. 

date, unfold, decipher. irreproachable, blameless, spotless, 

intimate, hint, suggest, insinuate, ex- irreprovable. 

press, signify, impart, tell. irresistible, resistless, irrepressible. 

intimidate, dishearten, alarm, fright- irresolute, wavering, undetermined, 

en, scare, appal, daunt, cow, brow- undecided, vacillating. (Determined.) 

beat. (Encourage.) irritable, excitable, irascible, sus- 

intolerable, insufferable, unbearable, ceptible, sensitive. (Calm.) 

insupportable, unendurable. irritate, aggravate, worry, embitter, 

intrepid, bold, brave, daring, fear- madden, exasperate. 

less, dauntless, undaunted, coura- issue, v., emerge, rise, proceed, flow, 

geous, valorous, valiant, heroic, gal- spring, emanate. 

lant, chivalrous, doughty. (Cow- issue, n., end, upshot, effect, result, 

ardly, faint-hearted.) offspring, progeny. 
intrigue, plot, cabal, conspiracy, 

combination, artifice, ruse, amour. J 



intrinsic, real, true, genuine, ster- 
ling, native, natural. (Extrinsic.) 

invalidate, quash, cancel, overthrow, 
vacate, nullify, annul. 

invasion, incursion, irruption, in- 
road, aggression, raid, fray. 



jade, harass, weary, tire, worry. 
jangle, wrangle, conflict, disagree. _ 
jarring, conflicting, discordant, in 

consonant, inconsistent. 
jaunt, ramble, excursion, trip. 
jealousy, suspicion, envy. 



invective, abuse, reproach, railing, jeopard, hazard, peril, endanger. 

censure, sarcasm, satire. jest, joke, sport, divert, make game- 

invent, devise, contrive, frame, find of. 

out, discover, design. journey, travel, tour, passage. 

investigation, examination, search, joy, gladness, mirth, delight. (Grief.) 



inquiry, research, scrutiny 

inveterate, confirmed, chronic, malig- 
nant. (Inchoate.) 

invidious, envious, hateful, odious 



joyful, glad, rejoicing, exultant, 

(Mournful.) 
udge, justice, referee, arbitrator. 
judgment, discernment, discrimina- 



malignant. tion, understanding. 

invigorate, brace, harden, nerve, justice, equity, right. Justice is 

strengthen, fortify. (Enervate.) right as established by law; equity 

invincible, unconquerable, impregna- according to the circumstances of 

ble, insurmountable. each particular case. (Injustice.) 

invisible, unseen, imperceptible, im- justness, accuracy, correctness. 

palpable, unperceivable. 

invite, ask, call, bid, request , allure, K 

attract, solicit. keep, preserve, save. (Abandon.) 

984 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



kill, assassinate, murder, slay. 

kindred, affinity, consanguinity, re- 
lationship. 

knowledge, erudition, learning, sci- 
ence. (Ignorance.) 



labor, toil, work, effort, drudgery. 
(Idleness.) 

lack, need, deficiency, scarcity, insuf- 
ficiency. (Plenty.) 

lament, mourn, grieve, weep. (Re- 
joice.) 

language, dialect, idiom, speech, 
tongue. 

lascivious, loose, unchaste, lustful, 
lewd, lecherous. (Chaste.) 

last, final, latest, ultimate. (First.) 

laudable, commendable, praisewor- 
thy. (Blameable.) 

laughable, comical, droll, ludicrous. 
(Serious.) 

lawful, legal, legitimate, licit. (Il- 
legal.) 

lead, conduct, guide. (Follow.) 

lean, meager. (Fat.) 

learned, erudite, scholarly. (Igno- 
rant.) 

leave, v., quit, relinquish. 

leave, n., liberty, permission, license. 
(Prohibition.) 

life, existence, animation, spirit, vi- 
vacity. (Death.) 

lifeless, dead, inanimate. 

lift, erect, elevate, exalt, raise. (Low- 
er.) 

light, clear, bright. (Dark.) 

lightness, flightiness, giddiness, lev- 
ity, volatility. (Seriousness.) 

likeness, resemblance, similarity. (Un- 
likeness.) 

linger, lag, loiter, tarry, saunter. 
(Hasten.) 

little, diminutive, small. (Great.) 

livelihood, living, maintenance, sub- 
sistence, support. 

lively, jocund, sprightly, vivacious, 
merry, sportive. (Slow, languid, 
sluggish.) 

long, extended, extensive. (Short.) 

look, appear, seem. 

lose, miss, forfeit. (Gain.) 

loss, detriment, damage, deprivation. 
(Gain.) 



loud, clamorous, high-sounding, noisy. 

(Low, quiet.) 
love, affection. (Hatred.) 
low, abject, mean. (Noble.) 
1 unacy , derangement, insanity, mania, 

madness. (Sanity.) 
luster, brightness, brilliancy, splen- 
dor. 
luxuriant, exuberant. (Sparse.) 



M 



machination, plot, intrigue, cabal, 
conspiracy. (Artlessness.) 

mad, crazy, insane, delirious, rabid, 
violent, frantic. (Sane, rational, 
quiet.) 

madness, insanity, fury, rage, frenzy. 

magisterial, august, dignified, ma- 
jestic, pompous, stately. 

make, form, create, produce. (De- 
stroy.) 

malediction, anathema, curse, im- 
precation, execration. 

malevolent, malicious, virulent, ma- 
lignant. (Benevolent.) 

malice, spite, rancor, ill-feeling, ill- 
will, grudge, animosity. (Benignity.) 

malicious, see malevolent. 

manacle, v., shackle, fetter, chain. 
(Free.) 

manage, contrive, concert, direct. 

management, direction, superinten- 
dence, care, economy. 

mangle, tear, lacerate, mutilate, crip- 
ple, maim. 

mania, madness, insanity, lunacy. 

manifest, a., clear, plain, evident, 
exhibit, display, show. 

manifest, a., clear, plain, evident, 
open, apparent, visible. (Hidden, 
occult.) 

manifold, several, sundry, various, 
divers, numerous. 

manly, masculine, vigorous, coura- 
geous, brave, heroic. (Effeminate.) 

manner, habit, custom, way, air, look, 
appearance. 

manners, morals, habits, behavior, 
carriage. 

mar, spoil, ruin, disfigure. (Improve.) 

march, tramp, tread, walk, step, 
space. 



985 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



margin, edge, rim, border, brink, 
verge. 

mark, n., sign, note, symptom, token, 
indication, trace, vestige, track, 
badge, brand. 

mark, v., impress, print, stamp, en- 
grave, note, designate. 

marriage, wedding, nuptials, matri- 
mony, wedlock. 

martial, military, warlike, soldier-like. 

marvel, wonderful, miracle, prodigy. 

marvelous, wondrous, wonderful, 
amazing, miraculous. 

massive, bulky, heavy, weighty, pon- 
derous, solid, substantial. (Flimsy.) 

mastery, dominion, rule, sway, as- 
cendency, supremacy. 

matchless, unrivaled, unequaled, un- 
paralleled, peerless, incomparable, 
inimitable, surpassing. (Common, 
ordinary.) 

material, a., corporeal, bodily, physi- 
cal, temporal, momentous, impor- 
tant. (Spiritual, immaterial.) 

maxim, adage, apothegm, proverb, 
saying, by-word, saw. 

meager, poor, lank, emaciated, bar- 
ren, dry, uninteresting. (Rich.) 

mean, a., stingy, niggardly, low, ab- 
ject, vile, ignoble, degraded, con- 
temptible, vulgar, despicable. (Gen- 
erous.) 

mean, v., design, purpose, intent, con- 
template, signify, denote, indicate. 

meaning, signification, import, ac- 
ceptation, sense, purport. 

medium, organ, channel, instrument, 
means. 

medley, mixture, variety, diversity, 
miscellany. 

meek, unassuming, mild, gentle. 
(Proud.) 

melancholy, low-spirited, dispirited, 
dreamy, sad. (Jolly, buoyant.) 

mellow, ripe, mature, soft. (Imma- 
ture.) 

melodious, tuneful, musical, silver, 
dulcet, sweet. (Discordant.) 

memorable, signal, distinguished, 
marked. 

memorial, monument, memento, 
commemoration. 

memory, remembrance, recollection. 

menace, n., threat. 



mend, repair, amend, correct, better, 
ameliorate, improve, rectify. 

mention, tell, name, communicate, 
impart, divulge, reveal, disclose, in- 
form, acquaint. 

merciful, compassionate, lenient, cle- 
ment, tender, gracious, kind. (Cruel.) 

merciless, hard-hearted, cruel, un- 
merciful, pitiless, remorseless, unre- 
lenting. (Kind.) 

merriment, mirth, joviality, jollity, 
hilarity. (Sorrow.) 

merry, cheerful, mirthful, joyous, 
gay, lively, sprightly, hilarious, jo- 
vial, blithe, blithesome, sportive, 
jolly. (Sad.) 

metaphorical, figurative, allegorical, 
symbolical. 

method, way, manner, mode, process, 
order, rule, regularity, system. 

mien, air, look, manner, aspect, ap- 
pearance. 

migratory, roving, strolling, wander- 
ing, vagrant. (Settled, sedate, per- 
manent.) 

mimic, imitate, ape, mock. 

mindful, observant, attentive, heed- 
ful, thoughtful. (Heedless.) 

miscellaneous, promiscuous, indis- 
criminate, mixed. 

mischief, injury, harm, damage, evil, 
hurt, ill. (Benefit.) 

miscreant, caitiff, villain, ruffian. 

miserable, unhappy, wretched, dis- 
tressed, afflicted. (Happy.) 

miserly, stingy, niggardly, avari- 
cious, gripping. 

misery, wretchedness, woe, destitu- 
tion, penury, privation, beggary. 
(Happiness.) 

misfortune, calamity, disaster, mis- 
hap, catastrophe. (Good luck.) 

miss, omit, lose, fail, miscarry. 

mitigate, alleviate, relieve, diminish, 
abate. (Aggravate.) 

moderate, temperate, abstemious, 
sober, abstinent. (Immoderate.) 

modest, chaste, virtuous, bashful, re- 
served. (Immodest.) 

moist, wet, damp, dank, humid. (Dry.) 

monotonous, unvaried, dull, undiver- 
sified, tiresome. (Varied.) 

monstrous, shocking, dreadful, hor- 
rible, huge, immense. 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



monument, memorial, record, re- reputation, character, fame, credit, 

membrancer, cenotaph. repute. 

mood, humor, disposition, vein, tern- narrate, tell, relate, detail, recount, 

describe, enumerate, rehearse, re- 
cite. 
nasty, filthy, foul, dirty, unclean, in- 
decent, impure, gross, vile. 
nation, people, community, realm, 
> state. 



per. 
morbid, sick, ailing, sickly, diseased, 

corrupted. (Normal, sound.) 
morose, gloomy, sullen, surly, fretful, 

crabbed, crusty. (Joyous.) 
mortal, deadly, fatal, human. 



motion, proposition, proposal, move- native, indigenous, inborn, vernacular, 

ment. natural, original, regular, normal, 

motionless, still, stationary, torpid, bastard. (Unnatural, forced.) 

stagnant. (Active, moving.) near, nigh, neighboring, close, adja- 

mount, arise, rise, ascend, soar, tower, cent, contiguous, intimate. (Dis- 
climb, scale. tant.) 

mournful, sad, sorrowful, lugubrious, necessary, needful, expedient, essen- 
grievous, doleful, heavy. (Happy.) tial, requisite, indispensable. (Use- 
move, actuate, impel, induce, prompt, less.) 

instigate, persuade, stir, agitate, pro- necessitate, compel, force, oblige, 

pel, push. necessity, need, occasion exigency, 

multitude, crowd, throng, host, mob, emergency, urgency, requisite, 

swarm. need, n., necessity, distress, poverty, 

murder, v., kill, assassinate, slay, mas- indigence, want, penury, 

sacre, dispatch. need, v., require, want, lack. 

muse, y., meditate, contemplate, re- neglect, v., disregard, slight, omit, 

fleet, think, cogitate, ponder. overlook. 

music, harmony, melod}^, symphony, neglect, n., omission, failure, default, 

musical, tuneful, melodious, harmo- negligence, remissness, carelessness, 

nious, dulcet, sweet. slight. 

musty, stale, sour, fetid. (Fresh, neighborhood, environs, vicinity, ad- 
sweet.) jacency, nearness, proximity. 

mute, dumb, silent, speechless. nervous, timid, timorous, shaky. 

mutilate, maim, cripple, disable, dis- new, fresh, recent; novel. (Old.) 

figure. news, tidings, intelligence, informa- 

mutinous, insurgent, seditious, tu- tion. 

multuous, turbulent, riotous. (Obe- nice, exact, accurate, good, particular, 

dient, orderly.) precise, fine, delicate. (Careless, 

mutual, reciprocal, interchanged, cor- coarse, unpleasant.) 

relative. (Sole, solitary.) nimble, active, brisk, lively, alert, 

mysterious, dark, obscure, hidden, quick, agile, prompt. (Awkward.) 
secret, dim, mystic, enigmatical, un- nobility, aristocracy, greatness, gran- 
accountable. (Open, clear.) deur, peerage. 

mystify, confuse, perplex, puzzle, noble, exalted, elevated, illustrious, 

(Clear, explain.) great, grand, lofty. (Low.) 

noise, cry, outcry, row, clamor, din, 

N uproar, tumult. (Silence.) 

nonsensical, irrational, absurd, silly, 

naked, nude, bare, uncovered, rude, foolish. (Sensible.) 

unclothed, rough, simple. (Covered, notable, plain, evident, remarkable, 

clad.) signal, striking, rare. (Obscure.) 

name, v., denominate, entitle, style, note, n., token, symbol, mark, sign, in- 
designate, term, call, christen. dication, remark, comment. 

name, n., appellation, designation, noted, distinguished, remarkable, re- 
denomination, title, cognomen, nowned, eminent. (Obscure.) 

987 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 

notice, n., advice, notification, intelli- opaque, dark. (Bright, transparent.) 

gence, information. open, candid, unreserved, clear, fair. 

notice, v., mark, note, observe, at- (Hidden, dark.) 

tend to, regard, heed. opinion, notion, view, judgment, be- 

notify, v., publish, acquaint, apprise, lief, sentiment. 

inform, declare. opinionated, conceited, egotistical. 

notion, conception, idea, belief, opin- (Modest.) 

ion, sentiment. oppose, resist, withstand, thwart. 

notorious, conspicuous, open, obvious, (Give way.) 

ill-famed. (Unknown.) option, choice. 
nourish, nurture, cherish, foster, sup- order, method, rule, system, regular- 
ply. (Starve, famish.) ity. (Disorder.) 
nourishment, food, diet, sustenance, origin, cause, occasion, source, begin- 

nutrition. ning. (End.) 

novel, modern, new, fresh, recent, un- outlive, survive. 

used, strange, rare. (Old.) outward, external, outside, exterior. 

noxious, hurtful, deadly, poisonous, (Inner.) 

deleterious, baneful. (Beneficial.) over, above. (Under.) 
nullify, annul, vacate, invalidate, re- overbalance, outweigh, preponderate. 

peal, quash, cancel. (Affirm.) overbear, bear down, overwhelm, 

nutrition, food, diet, nutriment, overpower, subdue. 

nourishment. overbearing, haughty, proud, arro- 
gant. (Gentle.) 

O overflow, inundation, deluge. 
overrule, supersede, suppress. 

obdurate, hard, callous, hardened, overspread, overrun, ravage. 

unfeeling, insensible. (Tractable, overturn, invert, overthrow, reverse, 

yielding.) subvert. (Establish, fortify.) 

obedient, compliant, submissive, du- overwhelm, crush, defeat, vanquish. 

tiful, respectful. (Obstinate.) 

obese, corpulent, fat, adipose, fleshy. P 

(Attenuated.) 

obey, v., conform, comply, submit, pain, suffering, qualm, pang, agony, 

(Rebel, disobey.) anguish. (Pleasure.) 

object, n., aim, end, purpose, design, pallid, pale, wan. (Florid.) 

mark, butt. part, division, portion, share, frac- 

object, v., oppose, except to, contra- tion. (Whole.) 

vene, impeach, deprecate. (Assent.) particular, exact, distinct, singular, 

obnoxious, offensive. (Agreeable.) odd, strange. (General.) 

obscure, undistinguished, unknown, patient, passive, submissive, meek. 

(Distinguished.) (Obdurate.) 

obstinate, contumacious, headstrong, peace, calm, quiet, tranquillity. (War, 

stubborn, obdurate. (Yielding.) riot, trouble, turbulence.) 

occasion, opportunity. peaceable, pacific, peaceful, quiet. 

offense, affront, misdeed, misdemean- (Troublesome, riotous.) 

or, transgression, trespass. penetrate, bore, pierce, perforate. 

offensive, insolent, abusive, obnox- penetration, acuteness, sagacity. 

ious. (Inoffensive.) (Dullness.) 

office, charge, function, place. people, nation, persons, folks. 

offspring, issue, progeny. perceive, note, observe, discern, dis- 

old, aged, superannuated, ancient, an- tinguish. 

tique, antiquated, obsolete, old-fash- perception, conception, notion, idea. 

ioned. (Young, new.) peril, danger, pitfall, snare. (Safety.) 

omen, presage, prognostic. permit, allow, tolerate. (Forbid.) 



. 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 

persuade., allure, entice, prevail problematical, uncertain, doubtful, 

•upon. dubious, questionable, disputable, 

physical, corporeal, bodily, material. suspicious. (Certain.) 

(Mental.) prodigious, huge, enormous, vast, 

picture, engraving, print, representa- amazing, astonishing, remarkable, 

tion, illustration, image. astounding, • surprising, wonderful. 

piteous, doleful, woful, rueful. (Joy- (Insignificant.) 

ful.) profession, business, trade, occupa- 

pitiless, see merciless. tion, vocation, office, employment, 

pity, compassion, sympathy. (Cruel- engagement, avowal. 

ty.) proffer, volunteer, offer, propose, ten- 
place, n., spot, site, position, post, der. 

situation, station. profligate, abandoned, dissolute, de- 
place, v., order, dispose. _ praved, vicious, degenerate, corrupt, 
plain, open, manifest, evident. (Se- demoralized. (Virtuous.) 

cret.) profound, deep, fathomless, penetra- 

play, game, sport, amusement. (Work.) ting, solemn, abstruse, recondite. 
please, gratify, pacify. (Displease.)- (Shallow.) 

pleasure, charm, delight, joy. (Pain.) profuse, extravagant, prodigal, lav- 
plentiful, abundant, ample, copious, ish, improvident, excessive, copious, 

plenteous. (Scarce.)' plentiful. (Succinct.) 

poise, balance. prolific, productive, generative, fer- 

positive, absolute, peremptory, de- tile, fruitful, teeming. (Barren.) 

cided, certain. (Negative.) prolix, diffuse, long, prolonged, tedi- 
possessor, owner, proprietor. ous, tiresome, wordy, verbose, pro- 
possible, practical, practicable. (Im- saic. (Concise, brief.) 

possible.) prominent, eminent, marked, impor-. 
poverty, penury, indigence, need, tant, conspicuous, leading. (Ob- 
want. (Wealth.) scure.) 
power, authority, force, strength, do- promiscuous, mixed, unarranged, in- 

minion. discriminate, mingled. (Select.) 

powerful, mighty, potent. (Weak.) prompt, see punctual. 

praise, commend, extol, laud. (Blame.) prop, v., maintain, sustain, support, 

prayer, entreaty, petition, request, stay. 

suit. propagate, spread, circulate, diffuse, 

pretense, n., pretext, subterfuge. disseminate, extend, breed, increase. 

prevailing, predominant, prevalent, (Suppress.) 

general. (Isolated, sporadic.) proper, legitimate, right, just, fair, 

prevent, obviate, preclude. equitable, honest, suitable, fit, decent, 

previous, antecedent, introductory, meet, becoming, benefitting, adapted, 

preparatory, preHminary. (Subse- pertinent, appropriate. (Wrong.) 

qjient.) prosper, flourish, succeed, grow rich, 

pride, vanity, conceit. (Humility.) thrive, advance. (Fail.) 

principally, chiefly, mainly, essen- prosperity, well-being, weal, welfare, 

tially. happiness, good luck. (Poverty.) 

principle, ground, reason, motive, proxy, agent, representative, substi- 

impulse, maxim, rule, rectitude, in- tute, delegate, deputy. 

tegrity. prudence, carefulness, judgment, dis- 

privilege, immunity, advantage, fa- cretion, wisdom. (Indiscretion.) 

» vor, prerogative, exemption, right, prurient, itching, craving, hankering, 

claim. longing. 

probity, rectitude, uprightness, hon- puerile, youthful, juvenile, boyish, 

esty, integrity, sincerity, soundness. childish, infantile, trifling, weak, 

(Dishonesty.) silly. (Mature.) 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 

punctilious, nice, particular, formal, antipathy, animosity, enmity, ill-will, 

precise. (Negligent.) spite. (Forgiveness.) 

punctual, exact, precise, nice, partic- rank, order, degree, dignity, nobility, 

ular, prompt, timely. (Dilatory.) consideration. 

putrefy, rot, decompose, corrupt, de- ransack, rummage, pillage, overhaul, 

cay. explore, plunder. 

puzzle, v., perplex, confound, embar- ransom, emancipate, free, unfetter. 

rass, bewilder, confuse, pose, mys- rant, bombast, fustian, cant. 

tify. (Enlighten.) rapacious, ravenous, greedy, vora- 
cious, grasping. (Generous.) 

Q rapt, ecstatic, transported, ravished, 
entranced, charmed. (Distracted.) 

quack, impostor, pretender, charla- rapture, ecstasy, transport, delight, 

tan, empiric, mountebank. (Savant.) bliss. (Dejection.) 

quaint, artful, curious, far-fetched, rare, scarce, singular, uncommon. 

fanciful, odd, singular. rascal, scoundrel, rogue, knave, vaga- 

qualified, competent, fitted, adapted. bond, scamp. 

(Incompetent.) rash, hasty, precipitate, foolhardy, 
quality, attribute, rank, distinction. adventurous, heedless, reckless, care- 
querulous, doubting, complaining, re- less. (Deliberate.) 

pining, fretting. (Patient.) rate, value, compute, appraise, esti- 

question, query, inquiry, interroga- mate, chide, abuse 

tory. ratify, confirm, establish, substan 

quibble, cavil, evade, equivocate, pre- tiate, sanction. (Protest, oppose. 

varicate, shuffle. rational, reasonable, sagacious, ju 

quick, lively, brisk, expeditious, im- dicious, wise, sensible, sound. (Un 



t..~_, « . v V , -o.xx.jx.., wi^vuiviuuu, XXXX 

petuous, adroit, fleet, rapid swift, 
sweeping, dashing, clever, sharp, 
ready, prompt, alert, nimble, agile, 
active. (Slow.) 
quote, note, repeat, cite, adduce. 



rabid, mad, furious, raging, frantic. 
(Rational.) 

course, match, pursuit, career, 



iw. 



reasonable.) 
ravage, overrun, overspread, desolate, 

despoil, destroy. 
ravish, enrapture, enchant, char 

delight, abuse 
raze, demolish, destroy, overthrow 

ruin, dismantle. (Build up.) 
reach, touch, stretch, attain, gain 

arrive at. 
ready, prepared, ripe, apt, prompt, 
adroit, handy. (Slow, dilatory.) 
family, clan, house, ancestry, lin- real, actual, literal, practical, posi- 
eage, pedigree. tive, certain, genuine, true. (Un- 

rack, agonize, wring, torture, excru- real.) 

ciate, distress, harass. (Soothe') realize, accomplish, achieve, effect, 
racy, spicy, pungent, smart, spirited, gain, get, acquire, comprehend. 

lively, vivacious. (Dull, insipid.) reap, gain, get, acquire, obtain. 
radiance, splendor, brightness, bril- reason, n., motive, design, end, proof, 
liance, brilliancy, lustre, glare. (Dull- cause, ground, purpose 
ness.) reason, v., deduce, draw from, trace 

radical, organic, innate, fundamental, infer, conclude 

original, constitutional, inherent, en- reasonable, rational, wise, honest 
tire, complete. (Superficial. In a fair, right, just. (Unreasonable.) 
political sense, uncompromising; an- rebellion, insurrection, revolt, 
tonym, moderate.) recant, recall, abjure, retract, revoke 

rancid, fetid, rank, stinking, sour, recede, retire, retreat, withdraw, ebb. 
tainted, reasty. (Fresh, sweet.) receive, accept, take, admit, enter- 
rancor, malignity, hatred, hostility, tain. 

990 



! 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 

reception, receiving, levee, receipt, reproduce, propagate, imitate, repre- 

admission. sent, copy. 

recess, retreat, depth, niche, vacation, repudiate, disown, discard, disavow, 

intermission. renounce, disclaim. (Acknowledge.) 

recreation, sport, pastime, amuse- repugnant, antagonistic, distasteful. 

ment, play, game, fun. (Agreeable.) 

redeem, ransom, recover, rescue, de- repulsive, forbidding, odious, ugly, 

liver, save, free. disagreeable, revolting. (Attractive.) 

redress, remedy, repair, remission, respite, reprieve, interval, stop. 

abatement, relief. revenge, vengeance, retaliation, re- 
reduce, abate, lessen, decrease, lower, quital, retribution. (Forgiveness.) 

shorten, conquer. * revenue, produce, income, proceeds, 

refined, polite, courtly, polished, cul- fruits, wealth. 

tured, genteel, purified. (Boorish.) reverence, n., honor, respect, awe, 

reflect, consider, cogitate, think, pon- veneration, deference, homage, wor- 

der, muse, censure. ship. (Execration.) 

reform, amend, correct, better, re- revise, review, reconsider. 

store, improve. (Corrupt.) revive, refresh, renew, renovate, ani- 
reformation, improvement, reform, mate, resuscitate, vivify, cheer, corn- 
amendment. (Corruption.) fort. 
refuge, asylum, protection, harbor, rich, wealthy, affluent, opulent, copi- 

shelter, retreat. ous, ample, abundant, exuberant, 

refuse, v., deny, reject, repudiate, de- plentiful, fertile, fruitful, superb, 

cline, withhold. (Accept.) gorgeous. (Poor.) 

refuse, n., dregs, dross, scum, rub- rival, n., antagonist, opponent, com- 

bish, leavings, remains. petitor. 

refute, disprove, falsify, negative, road, way, highway, route, course, 

(Affirm.) path, pathway, anchorage. 

regard, v., mind, heed, notice, behold, roam, ramble, rove, stray, wander, 

view, consider, respect. stroll. 
regret, n. f grief, sorrow, lamentation, robust, strong, lusty, vigorous, sin- 
repentance, remorse. ewy, stout, sturdy, stalwart, able- 
regular, orderly,. uniform, customary, bodied. (Puny.) 

ordinary, stated. (Irregular.) rout, v., discomfit, beat, defeat, over- 
regulate, methodize, arrange, adjust, throw, scatter. 

organize, govern, rule. (Disorder.) route, road, course, march, way, path, • 

reimburse, refund, repay, satisfy, in- journey, direction. 

demnify. rude, rugged, rough, uncDuth, unpol- 

relevant, fit, proper, suitable, appro- ished, harsh, gruff, impertinent, im- 

priate, pertinent, apt. (Irrelevant.) pudent, saucy, flippant, insolent, 

reliance, trust, hope, dependence, churlish. (Polished, polite.) 

confidence. (Suspicion.) rule, sway, method, system, law, max- 

relief, succor, aid, help, redress, alle- im, precept, guide, formula, regula- 

viation. tion, government, standard, test. 

relinquish, give up, forsake, resign, rumor, hearsay, talk, fame, report, 

surrender, quit, leave, forego. (Re- bruit. 

tain.) ruthless, cruel, savage, barbarous, 
remedy, help, relief, redress, cure, inhuman, merciless, remorseless, re- 
specific, reparation. lentless, unrelenting. (Considerate.) 
remorseless, pitiless, relentless, mer- 

ciless, cruel, ruthless, barbarous. s 

(Merciful, humane.) sacred, holy, hallowed, divine, conse- 

remote, distant, far, secluded, indi- crated, dedicated, devoted. (Pro- 

rect. (Near.) fane.) 

991 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 

safe, secure, harmless, trustworthy, show, v., indicate, mark, point out 

reliable. (Perilous, dangerous.) exhibit, display. 

sanction, confirm, countenance, en- show, n., appearance, exhibition, pre- 

courage, support, ratify, authorize. tence, profession, sight, spectacle. 

(Disapprove.) sick, diseased, sickly, unhealthy, mor- 

sane, sober, lucid, sound, rational. bid. (Healthy.) 

(Crazy.) sickness, . illness* indisposition, dis- 

saucy, impertinent, rude, impudent, ease, disorder. (Health.) 

insolent, flippant, forward. (Mod- significant, a., expressive, material, 

est.) ^ important. (Insignificant.) 

scandalize, shock, disgust, offend, ca- signification, import, sense, meaning. 

lumniate, vilify, revile, malign, tra- silence, speechlessness, dumbness. 

duce, defame, slander. (Noise.) 

scanty, bare, pinched, insufficient, silent, dumb, mute, speechless. (Talk- 
slender, meager. (Ample.) ative.) 
scatter, strew, spread, disseminate, simile, comparison, similitude. 

disperse, dissipate, dispel. (Col- simple, single, uncompounded, plain, 

lect.) artless. (Complex, compound.) 

secret, clandestine, concealed, hidden, simulate, dissimulate, dissemble, pre- 

sly, underhand, latent, private. tend. 

(Open.) sincere, candid, hearty, honest, pure, 

seduce, allure, attract, decoy, entice, genuine, real. (Insincere.) 

abduct, inveigle, deprave. situation, condition, plight, predica- 

sense, discernment, appreciation, per- ment, state, position. 

ception, view, opinion, feeling, sen- size, bulk, greatness, magnitude, di- 
sability, susceptibility, thought, sig- mension. 

nification, judgment, import, signifi- slavery, servitude, enthrallment, 

cance, meaning, purport, wisdom. thralldom. (Freedom.) 

sensible, wise, intelligent, reasonable, sleep, doze, drowse, nap, slumber. 

sober, sound, conscious, aware, sleepy, somnolent. (Wakeful.) 

(Foolish.) slow, dilatory, tardy. (Fast.) 

settle, arrange, adjust, regulate, con- smell, fragrance, odor, scent, per- 

clude, determine. fume. 

several, sundry, divers, many, vari- smooth, even, level, mild. (Rough.) 

ous. soak, -drench, imbrue, steep. 

severe, harsh, stern, stringent, un- social, sociable, friendly, communica- 

mitigated, rough, unyielding. (Le- tive. (Unsocial.) 

nient.) soft, gentle, meek, mild. (Hard.) 

shake, tremble, shudder, shiver, quiv- solicit, importune, urge. 

er, quake, solitary, sole, only, single. 

shallow, superficial, flimsy, slight, sorry, grieved, poor, paltry, insignifi- 

(Deep, thorough.) cant. (Glad, respectable.) «. 

shame, disgrace, dishonor. (Honor.) soul, mind, spirit. (Soul is opposed 
shameful, degrading, scandalous, dis- to body, mind to matter.) 

graceful, outrageous. (Honorable.) sound, a., healthy, sane. (Unsound 
shameless, immodest, impudent, in- sound, n., tone, noise, silence. 

decent, indelicate, brazen. space, room. 

shape, form, fashion, mold, model, sparse, scanty, thin. (Luxuriant.) 
share, portion, lot, division, quantity, speak, converse, talk, say, tell, confer. 

quota, contingent. special, particular, specific. (General.) 

sharp, acute, keen. (Dull.) spend, expend, exhaust, consume, dis- 

shine, glare, glitter, radiate, sparkle. sipate, waste, squander. (Save.) 
short, brief, concise, succinct, sum- sporadic, isolated, rare. (General, 

mary. (Long.) prevalent.) 



' 






Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 

spread, disperse, diffuse, expand, dis- temporary, a., fleeting, transient, 

seminate, scatter. transitory. (Permanent.) 

spring, fountain, source. tenacious, pertinacious, retentive. 

staff, prop, support, stay. tendency, aim, drift, scope. 

stagger, reel, totter. tenet, position, view, conviction, be- 

stain, soil, discolor, spot, sully, tar- lief. 

rush. term, boundary, limit, period, time. 

state, commonwealth, realm. territory, dominion. 

sterile, barren, unfruitful. (Fertile.) thankful, grateful, obliged. (Thank- 
stifle, choke, suffocate, smother. less.) 
stormy, rough, boisterous, tempest- thankless, ungracious, profitless, un- 

uous. (Calm.) grateful, unthankful. 

straight, direct, right. (Crooked.) thaw, melt, dissolve, liquefy. (Freeze.) 
strait, a. narrow, confined. theatrical, dramatic, showy, cere- 

stranger, alien, foreigner. _ (Friend.) monious, meretricious. 
strengthen, fortify, invigorate, theft, robbery, depredation, spoliation. 

(Weaken.) theme, subject, topic, text, essay. 

strong, robust, sturdy, powerful, theory, speculation, scheme, plea, hy- 

(Weak.) pothesis, conjecture. 

stupid, dull, foolish, obtuse, witless, therefore, accordingly, consequently, 

(Clever.) hence. 

subject, exposed to, liable, obnoxious, thick, dense, close, compact, solid, co- 

(Exempt.) agulated, muddy, turbid, misty, fog- 

subject, inferior, subordinate. (Su- gy, vaporous. (Thin.) 

perior to, above.) thin, slim, slender, slight, flimsy, at- 

subsequent, succeeding, following. tenuated, lean, scraggy. 

(Previous.) think, cogitate, consider, reflect, pon- 

substantial, solid, durable. (Un- der, contemplate, meditate, muse, 

substantial.) conceive, fancy, imagine, apprehend, 

suit, accord, agree. (Disagree.) hold, esteem, reckon, consider, re- 

superficial, flimsy, shallow, untrust- gard, deem, believe, opine. 

worthy. (Thorough.) thorough, accurate, correct, trust- 

superfluous, unnecessary, excessive. worthy, reliable, complete. (Super- 

(Necessary.) ficial.) 

surround, encircle, encompass, envi- thought, idea, conception, imagina- 

ron. tion, fancy, conceit, notion, supposi- 

sustain, maintain, support. tion, care, provision, consideration, 

symmetry, proportion. _ opinion, view, sentiment, reflection, 

sympathy, commiseration, compas- deliberation. 

sion, condolence. thoughtful, considerate, careful, re- 

system, method, plan, order. flective, cautious, heedful, contem- 

systematic, orderly, regular, method- plative, provident, pensive, dreamy. 

ical. (Chaotic.) (Thoughtless.) 

thoughtless, inconsiderate, rash, im- 
T provident, precipitate, heedless. 

tie, v., bind, restrain, restrict, oblige, 
take, accept, receive. (Give.) secure, unite, join. (Loose.) 

talkative, garrulous, communicative, tie, n., band, ligament, ligature. 

loquacious. (Silent.) time, duration, season, period, era, 

taste, flavor, relish, savor. (Taste- age, date, span, spell. 

lessness.) tolerate, allow, admit, receive, suffer, 

tax, custom, duty, impost, excise, toll. permit, let, endure, abide. (Oppose.) 
tax, assessment, rate. top, summit, apex, head, crown, sur- 

tease, taunt, tantalize, torment, vex. face. (Bottom, base.) 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 






torrid, burning hot, parching, scorch- umbrage, offense, dissatisfaction, dis- 

ing, sultry. pleasure, resentment. 

tortuous, twisted, winding, crooked; umpire, referee, arbitrator, judge, 

indirect. arbiter. 

torture, torment, anguish, agony. unanimity, accord, agreement, unity, 
touching, tender, affecting, moving, concord. (Discord.) 

pathetic. unanimous, agreeing, like-minded. 

tractable, docile, manageable, amen- unbridled, wanton, licentious, disso- 

able. lute, loose, lax. 

trade, traffic, commerce, dealing, oc- uncertain, doubtful, dubious, ques- 

cupation, employment, office. tionable, fitful, equivocal, ambigu- 

traditional, oral, uncertain, trans- ous, indistinct, variable, fluctuating. 

mitted. uncivil, discourteous, disrespectful, 
traffic, trade, exchange, commerce, in- disobliging, rude. (Civil.) 

tercourse. unclean, dirty, foul, filthy, sullied. 
trammel, n., fetter, shatter, clog, (Clean.) 

bond,, chain, impediment, hindrance, uncommon, rare, strange, scarce, 
tranquil, still, unruffled, peaceful, singular, choice. (Common, ordi- 

quiet, hushed. (Noisy, boisterous.) nary.) 

transaction, negotiation, occurrence, unconcerned careless, indifferent, 

proceeding, affair. apathetic. (Anxious.) 

trash, nonsense, twaddle, trifles. uncouth, strange, odd, clumsy, un- 
t ravel, trip, ramble, peregrination, ex- gainly. (Graceful.) 

cursion, journey, tour, voyage. uncover, reveal, strip, expose, lay 
treacherous, traitorous, treasonable, bare, invest. (Hide.) 

disloyal, faithless, false-hearted, per- under, below, underneath, beneath, 

fidious, sly, false. (Trustworthy, subordinate, lower, inferior. (Above.) 

faithful.) understanding, knowledge, intellect, 
trite, stale, old, ordinary, common- intelligence, faculty, comprehension, 

place, hackneyed. (Novel.) mind, reason, brains. 

triumph, achievement, ovation, vie- undertake, engage in, embark in, 

tory, conquest, jubilation. (Failure, agree, promise. 

defeat.) undo, annul, frustrate, untie, unf as- 
trivial, trifling, petty, small, frivo- ten, destroy. 

lous, unimportant, insignificant, uneasy, restless, disturbed, unquiet, 

(Important.) stiff, awkward. (Quiet.) 

true, genuine, actual, sincere, true- unequal, uneven, not alike, irregular, 

hearted, unaffected, honest, upright, insufficient. (Even.) 

veritable, real, veracious, authentic, unequaled, matchless, unique, novgl, 

exact, accurate, correct. new, unheard of. 

tumultuous, turbulent, riotous, dis- unfair, wrongful, dishonest, unjust. 

orderly, disturbed, confused, unruly. (Fair.) 

(Orderly.) unfit, a., improper, unsuitable, incon- 
tune, tone, air, melody, strain. sistent, untimely, incompetent. (Fit.) 

turbid, foul, thick, muddy, impure, unfit, v., disable, disqualify, incapaci- 

unsettled. tate. (Fit.) 

type, emblem, symbol, figure, sign, let- unfortunate, calamitous, ill-fated, 



ter, sort, kind. 
tyro, novice, beginner, learner. 



U 



ugly, unsightly, plain, homely, ill- 
favored, hideous. (Beautiful.) 



unlucky, wretched, unhappy, mis- 
erable. (Fortunate.) 

ungainly, clumsy, awkward, lumber- 
ing, uncouth. (Pretty.) 

unhappy, miserable, wretched, dis- 
tressed, afflicted, painful, disastroi 
drear, dismal. (Happy.) 



994 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



uniform, regular, symmetrical, even, useless, unserviceable, fruitless, idle, 
equal, alike, unvaried. (Irregular.) profitless. (Useful.) 

uninterrupted, continuous, perpet- usual, ordinary, common, accustomed, 
ual, unceasing, incessant, endless. habitual, wonted, customary, gene- 
(Intermittent.) ral. (Unusual.) 

union, junction, combination, alii- usurp, arrogate, seize, appropriate, 
ance, confederacy, league, coalition, assume. 

agreement, concert. (Disunion, sep- utmost, farthest, remotest, utter- 
aration.) most, greatest. 

unique, unequal, uncommon, rare, utter, a., extreme, excessive, sheer, 
choice, matchless. (Common, ordi- mere, pure. 
nary.) utter, v., speak, articulate, express, 

unite, join, conjoin, combine, concert, pronounce, issue. 

add, attach, incorporate, embody, utterly, totally, completely, wholly, 
clench, merge. (Separate, disrupt, quite, altogether, entirely, 
sunder.) 

universal, general, all, entire, total, V 

catholic. (Sectional.) 

unlimited, absolute, boundless, un- vacant, empty, unfilled, unoccupied, 
defined, infinite. (Limited.) thoughtless, unthinking. (Occu- 

unreasonable, foolish, silly, absurd. pied.) 

unrivaled, unequaled, unique, unex- vagrant, n., wanderer, beggar, tramp, 
ampled, incomparable, matchless. vagabond, rogue. 
(Mediocre.) vague, unsettled, undetermined, un- 

unroll, unfold, open, discover. certain, pointless, indefinite. (Def- 

unruly, ungovernable, unmanage- inite.) 

able, refractory. (Tractable, docile.) vain, useless, fruitless, empty, worth- 
unusual, rare, unwonted, singular, less, inflated, proud, conceited, un- 
uncommon, remarkable, strange, ex- real, unavailing. (Effectual, hum- 
traordinary. (Common.) ble, real.) 

uphold, maintain, defend, sustain, sup- valiant, brave, bold, valorous, cour- 
port, vindicate. (Desert, abandon.) ageous, gallant. (Cowardly.) 

upright, vertical, perpendicular, just, valid, weighty, strong, powerful, ef- 
erect, equitable, fair, pure, honor- ficient, sound, binding. (Invalid.) 
able. (Prone, horizontal.) valor, courage, gallantry, boldness, 

uprightness, honesty, integrity, fair- bravery, heroism. (Cowardice.) 
ness, goodness, probity, honor, vir- value, v., appraise, assess, reckon, ap- 
tue. (Dishonesty.) preciate, estimate, prize, treasure, 

urge, incite, impel, push, drive, insti- esteem. (Despise, condemn.) 

gate, stimulate, press, solicit, in- vanish, disappear, fade, melt, dissolve, 
duce. vanity, emptiness, conceit, self-con- 

urgent, pressing, important, impera- ceit, affectedness. 
tive, immediate, serious, wanted, vapid, dull, flat, insipid, stale, tame. 
(Unimportant.) (Sparkling.) 

usage, custom, fashion, practice, pre- vapor, fume, smoke, mist, fog, steam, 
scription. variable, changeable, unsteady, shift- 

use, n., usage, practice, habit, custom, ing, inconstant, wavering, fickle, fit- 
avail, advantage, utility, benefit, ap- ful, restless. (Constant.) 
plication. (Disuse, desuetude.) variety, difference, diversity, change, 

use, v. employ, exercise, occupy, ac- diversification, mixture, medley, mis- 
custom, practice, inure. (Abuse.) cellany. (Sameness, monotony.) _ 

useful, advantageous, serviceable, vast, spacious, boundless, mighty, un- 
available, helpful, beneficial, good. mense, enormous, colossal, gigantic 
(Useless.) huge, prodigious. (Confined.) 

995 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



vaunt, boast, brag, puff, hawk, adver- 
tise, flourish, parade. 

venerable, grave, sage, wise, old, rev- 
erend. 

venial, pardonable, excusable, justifi- 
able. (Grave, serious.) 

venom, poison, virus, spite, malice, 
malignity. 

venture, n., speculation, chance, peril, 
stake. 

venture, v., dare, adventure, risk, 
hazard, jeopardize. 

veracity, truth, truthfulness, credi- 
bility, accuracy. (Falsehood.) 

verbal, oral, spoken, literal, parole, 
unwritten. 

verdict, judgment, finding, decision, 
answer. 

vexation, chagrin, mortification. 
(Pleasure.) 

vibrate, oscillate, swing, sway, wave, 
undulate, thrill. 

vice, vileness, corruption, depravity, 
pollution, immorality, wickedness, 
guilt, iniquity, crime. (Virtue.) 

vicious, corrupt, depraved, debased, 
bad, contrary, unruly, demoralized, 
profligate, faulty. (Virtuous, gentle.) 

victim, sacrifice, food, prey, sufferer, 
dupe, gull. 

victuals, viands, bread, meat, repast, 
provisions, fare, food. 

view, prospect, survey. 

violent, boisterous, furious, impetu- 
ous, vehement. (Gentle.) 

virtuous, upright, honest, moral. 
(Profligate.) 

vision, apparition, ghost, phantom, 
specter. 

voluptuary, epicure, sensualist. 

vote, suffrage, voice. 

vouch, affirm, asseverate, aver, as- 
sure. 

W 

wait, await, expect, look for, wait for. 
wakeful, vigilant, watchful. (Sleepy.) 
wander, range, ramble, roam, rove, 

stroll. 
want, lack, need. (Abundance.) 
wary, circumspect, cautious.. (Fool- 
hardy.) 
wash, clean, rinse, wet, moisten, tint, 
stain. 



waste, y., squander, dissipate, lavish, 
destroy, decay, dwindle, wither. 

wasteful, extravagant, profligate, 
(Economical.) 

wave, breaker, billow, surge. 

way, method, plan, system, means, 
manner, mode, form, fashion, course, 
process, road, route, track, path, 
habit, practice. 

weak, feeble, infirm. (Strong.) 

weaken, debilitate, enfeeble, enervate, 
invalidate. (Strengthen.) 

wearisome, tedious, tiresome. (In- 
teresting, entertaining.) 

weary, harass, jade, tire, fatigue. 
(Refresh.) 

weight, gravity, heaviness, burden, 
load. (Lightness.) 

well-being, happiness, prosperity, 
welfare. 

whole, entire, complete, total, inte- 
gral. (Part.) 

wicked, iniquitous, nefarious. (Vir- 
tuous.) 

will, wish, desire. 

willingly, spontaneously, voluntarily. 
(Unwillingly.) 

win, get, obtain, gain, procure, effect, 
realize, accomplish, achieve. (Lose.) 

winning, attractive, charming, fasci- 
nating, bewitching, enchanting, daz- 
zling, brilliant. (Repulsive.) 

wisdom, prudence, foresight, sagacity, 
far-sightedness . (Foolishness . ) 

wit, humor, satire, fun, raillery. 

wonder, v., admire, amaze, astonish, 
surprise. 

wonder, n., marvel, miracle, prodigy. 

word, n., expression, term. 

work, labor, task, toil. (Play.) 

worthless, valueless. (Valuable.) 

writer, author, penman. 

wrong, injustice, injury. (Right.) 



yawn, gape, open wide. 

yearn, hanker after, long for, desire, 
crave. 

yell, bellow, cry out, scream. 

yellow, golden, saffron-like. 

yelp, bark, sharp cry, howl. 

yet, besides, nevertheless, however, ul- 
timately, notwithstanding, still, at 
last, so far, thus far. 



996 



Dictionary of Words of Like and Opposite Meaning 



yield, bear, give, afford, impart, com- 
municate, confer, bestow, abdicate, 
resign, cede, surrender, relinquish, 
relax, quit, forego, give up, let go, 
waive, comply, accede, assent, ac- 
quiesce, succumb, submit. (With- 
draw, withhold, retain, deny, refuse, 
vindicate, assert, claim, disallow, 
resist, dissent, protest, struggle, 
strive.) 

yielding, conceding, producing, sur- 
rendering, supple, pliant, submis- 
sive, accommodating, unresisting. 
(Firm, defiant, stiff, hard, unyield- 
ing, resisting, unfruitful.) 

yoke, v., couple, link, connect, conjoin, 
enslave, subjugate. (Dissever, di- 
vorce, disconnect, liberate, release, 
manumit, enfranchise.) 

yore, long ago, long since. (Recently, 
today, now.) 

youth, boy, lad, minority, adoles- 
cence, juvenility. (Old, ancient, 
antiquated, elderfy, senile, patriar- 
chal, primeval, time-honored, olden.) 

youthful, young, juvenile, boyish, 
girlish, puerile. (Aged, senile, ma- 



ture, decrepit, decayed, venerable, 
anti quated, superannuated . ) 



zeal, energy, fervor, ardor, earnest- 
ness, enthusiasm, eagerness. (In- 
difference, apathy, torpor, coldness, 
carelessness, sluggishness.) 

zealot, partisan, bigot, fanatic, devo- 
tee, visionary, enthusiast. (Traitor, 
deserter, renegade.) 

zealous, warm, ardent, fervent, en- 
thusiastic, anxious, eager, earnest, 
steadfast. (Bold, indifferent, dis- 
passioned, apathetic, passionless, 
phlegmatic, platonic.) 

zenith, height, highest point, pinnacle, 
summit, culmination, maximum. 
(Depth, lowest point, minimum.) 

zephyr, mild breeze, west wind, gen- 
tle wind. (Gale, furious wind.) 

zero, nothing, naught, cipher. (Some- 
thing.) 

zest, flavor, appetizer, gusto, pleas- 
ure, enjoyment, relish, sharpener, 
enhancement. (Distaste, disgust, 
disrelish, detriment.) 



9P7 



DICTIONARY OF YACHTING 



abaft, behind; toward the stern, 
abeam, in a line at right angles to the 

keel. 
about, to tack. 
aft, toward the stern. 
after sails, those set behind a mast. 
amidships, the middle part of a 

yacht. 
astern, toward the back part of a 

yacht; also behind it. 
athwart, transversely; from one side 

to another. 
avast, a command to stop, hold, desist 

from. 



B 



beating, sailing against the wind by 
tacking. 

belay, to fasten a rope to a cleat or 
pin. 

bending a cable, fastening it to the 
anchor. 

bending a sail, fastening it to the 
spars. 

bilge, the bottom of a yacht's floor, 
where water collects from leakage. 

binnacle, the receptacle "of the com- 
pass, directly in front of the steering 
apparatus, and fitted with glass 
windows so that the compass is 
constantly visible. 

blocks, the nautical name of pulleys. 

bobstay, a chain, rope, or wire that 
ties the bowsprit end to the stem 
to resist the upward strain of the 
forestays. 

boom, a spar used to extend the foot 
of certain sails. 

bowsprit, a large spar extending for- 
ward over the bow; supports the 
jib-boom and the flying jib-boom. 

by the head, when a yacht sinks 
deeper in the water at the stem than 
at the stern. 



by the stern, when a yacht sinks 
deeper at the stern than at the stem. 



cat-boat, a yacht designed for 
smooth water sailing; has a wide 
and shallow hull, large rudder hung 
beyond the transom, large center- 
board, a single mast well forward, 
and a single sail on a gaff and boom; 
usually from 12 to 40 feet in length. 

center board, a wooden or metallic 
slab working in a well at amidships; 
extending longitudinally and verti- 
cally through the keel, and capable 
of being lowered and raised at will; 
designed to give* a yacht greater 
stability. 

clew, a corner of a sail. 

clewline, the rope by which a sail is 
drawn together for furling. 

close-hauled, a yacht sailing as close 
to the wind as possible. 

cockpit, the open deck space near the 
stern. 

cutter, a yacht with a single mast 
stepped about amidships and two 
headsails, a fore staysail in addition 
to a jib. 

cut- water, the prow of a yacht. 



davits, the iron stanchions, curved 
at the upper end and extending over 
a yacht's bow, to which the small 
boats are raised to be swung aboard. 

downhaul, the rope by which a sail 
is lowered. 

draught, the depth of water to which 
a yacht sinks by its own weight; 
the depth necessary for it to float. 



falling off, the movement of the head 
of a yacht away from the wind 



Dictionary of Yachting 



fin-keel yacht, one having a very 
shoal body to which is attached a 
deep stationary fin of metal. 

foot of a sail, its lower edge. 

fore-and-aft, the entire length of a 
yacht. 

forestay, a rope or wire reaching 
from the head of the foremast to 
the end of the bowsprit to support 
the mast. 

furled, a square sail when tied close 
to a mast. 



jib-boom, a spar extending beyond 
the bowsprit, on which is set the jib 
in large craft and the flying- jib in 
small ones. 

jib-iron, the hoop attached to a jib 
and sliding on its boom. 

jibing, passing a boom sail across a 
yacht when sailing off the wind. 

jury-mast, a reserved mast for use 
when the standing one is damaged. 



gaff, a spar that extends the upper 

edges of a fore-and-aft sail. 
garboard strakes, the rows of planks 

nearest to and on each side of the 

keel. 
gaskets, the short lengths of rope 

by which furled sails are bound close 

to the gaffs or yards. 
gooseneck, the metallic joint which 

connects a boom with a mast. 
gripe, when a yacht's bow is forced 

upward in the wind. 
guy, a rope or wire to swing or steady 

a spar. 



H 



halyards, the ropes or tackle for 
raising a sail or flag. 

hanks, the rings of wood or metal 
to which the after edge of a fore-and- 
aft sail is fastened to enable the sail 
to slide easily on the mast or stay 
in raising and lowering. 

head of a sail, its upper edge. 

heeled, tipped or sailing on the wind. 

hove-to, a yacht made stationary by 
arranging the sails so that one part 
forces it forward and another part 
forces it backward. 



jib, in general, a large triangular sail; 
specifically, one of various types 
named according to their position 
and use, as inner-jib, outer-jib, 
standing-jib, flying-jib, spindle-jib, 
storm-jib, jib-of-jibs, etc. 



lead, a plummet attached to a rope 

held by hand, thrown overboard to 

ascertain the depth of water. 
leech of a sail, its after edge. 
leeside, the side of a yacht opposite 

to that from which the wind blows. 
leeward, the direction toward which 

the wind blows. 
long leg, the longes't distance on a 

single tack; also the longest side of 

a racing course. 
luff, the shifting of the head of a 

yacht toward the wind; also the 

fore edge of a sail. 
lying-to, a yacht brought close to 

the wind for ease in heavy weather. 



port, the left hand side of a yacht 
when looking toward the bow. 



R 



reefed, a sail reduced in size by being 
rolled up and having a part of it 
tied down to a spar. 



schooner, a yacht with a fore and 
a main mast, the latter carrying the 
largest sail, and bowsprit and head 
sajls rigged like those of a cutter. 

sharpie, a long, flat-bottomed yacht, 
having a shoal draught, long rather 
than deep centerboard, stern ex- 
tended and with round end, a fore- 
mast at the bow and a mainmast 
abaft the center of the boat, and 
carrying leg-o'-mutton sails. 



Dictionary of Yachting 



sheer, in sailing, to deviate from the 
proper course. 

sheet, a rope attached to a sail to 
extend or control it. 

short leg, the least distance on a 
single tack. 

shrouds, a set of ropes or wires sup- 
porting a mast or bowsprit and 
attached to the rail. 

sloop, a yacht with hull similar to 
that of a cat-boat, boom and gaff 
mainsail, and a large jib. 

sounding, finding the depth of water 
by the lead. 

sprit, a small spar that raises diag- 
onally the upper outer corner of an 
extended sail. 

stand-by, an order to be ready for 
another order or quick action. 

starboard, the right hand side of a 
yacht looking toward the bow. 

stays, ropes which support or control 
a spar in a fore and aft direction. 

sternboard, a yacht sailing back- 
wards. 

stowed, any sail that lowers down, 
when tied close to a boom. 



tack, the lower forecorner of a sail. 
tacking, changing the course of a 

yacht by shifting the position of its 

sails; advancing toward the wind's 

eye. 
taunt, lofty. 

taut, tight, stretched, secured. 
throat, on a triangular sail, the upper 

fore corner. 
tiller, the lever which controls the 

rudder. 
topping lift, a tackle by which the 

end of a boom is raised and held. 



truck, the upper extremity of a mast 
through which the halyards are rove. 

U 

unbend, to untie, release, cast off; 
opposite of bend. 



veering, paying out a cable. 

W 

wake, the foamy track on the 

left by a moving yacht. 
watch, a division of a crew; also the 

period during which a part of a crew 

are on duty on deck. 
wear, in sailing, to turn a yacht from 

the wind; the opposite of tacking, 
weather-helm, a tiller pressed to 

windward to keep a yacht from fly- 
ing into the wind. 
weathering, passing to windward of 

a vessel by close sailing. 
weatherside, the side of a yacht 

on which the wind blows. 
wind's eye, the direction from which 

the wind blows. 
windward, same as wind's eye. 



yacht, a sailing or steam vessel built 
for pleasure and combining speed 
and more or less luxury. 

yaw, when, despite the rudder, a 
yacht moves vigorously from its 
course. 

yawl, a sloop-rigged yacht with a 
short main boom and a second and 
smaller mast stepped back of the 
stern post, and carrying a mizzen, 
leg-o'-mutton, or lug sail. 



1000 



Facts Worth Knowing 



Census Figures: 

United States: 
Population of the 
Rank of the States 
Apportionment of Repre- 
sentation in Congress 
Principal Cities, Etc. 

Canada : 
Population of, 1665-1911 
Growth by Provinces 
Population by Divisions 
Principal Cities, Etc, 



Earth, Facts about the 
Everyone His Own 
Weather Prophet 

Flowers, Language of 
Flowers, State 
Foreign Coins, Value of 
Metric System, the 
National Parks in the U. S. 
Time and Its Variations 



1001 



POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES 

1910 CENSUS 



States 

- AND 

Terkitories 



POPULATION 



Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana i . 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. . . 

New Jersey 

New Mexico 

New York 

North Carolina 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

South Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin , 

Wyoming 

Continental U. S 

Alaska 

Hawaii 

Porto Rico 

Military and Naval. . . . 
U.S. including dependencies 

named above 



1910 



138,093 
204.354 
574,449 
377,549 
799,024 
114,756 
202,322 
331.069 
752.619 
609,121 
325,594 
,638,591 
,700,876 
,224,771 
,690,949 
,289,905 
,656.388 
742,371 
,295,346 
,366,416 
810,173 
,075,708 
,797,114 
,293,335 
376,053 
,192,214 

81,875 
430.572 
,537,167 
327,301 
,113,614 
,206,287 
577,056 
767,121 
657,155 
672,765 
665,111 
542.610 
,515,400 
583,888 
184,789 
896,542 
373,351 
355,956 
061,612 
141,990 
221,119 
333,860 
145,965 
972,266 

64,356 
191,909 
118,012 

55,608 



93,402,151 



91 



1900 



1,828,697 

122.931 

1,311,564 

1,485,053 

539,700 

908,420 

184,735 

278,718 

528.542 

2.216.331 

161,772 

4,821,550 

2,516,462 

2,231,853 

1.470,495 

2,147,174 

1,381,625 

694,466 

1,188,044 

2.805,346 

2.420,982 

1,751,394 

1,551,270 

3,106,665 

243.329 

1,066.300 

42.335 

411,588 

1,883,669 

195,310 

7,268,894 

1.893,810 

319,146 

4,157,545 

b 790,391 

413,536 

6,302,115 

428,556 

1,340,316 

401,570 

2,020,616 

3.048,710 

276,749 

343,641 

1,854,184 

518,103 

958,800 

2,069,042 

92,531 

75,994,575 

63.592 

154,001 

c 953 243 

91,219 

77,256,630 



1890 



1,513,401 

88,243 

1,128,211 

1,213,398 

413.249 

746.258 

168.493 

230.392 

391.422 

1,837,353 

88,548 

3,826,352 

2,192,404 

1,912,297 

1,428,108 

1,858,635 

1,118,588 

661.086 

1,042,390 

2,238,947 

2,093,890 

1,310,283 

1.289,600 

2,679,185 

142,924 

1,062,656 

47,355 

376,530 

1,444,933 

160,282 

6,003,174 

1,617,949 

190,983 

3,672,329 

b 258,657 

317,704- 

5,258,113 

345,506 

1,151,149 

348,600 

1,767,518 

2.235,527 

210,779 

332,422 

1,655,980 

357,232 

762,794 

1,693,330 

62,555 

62,947,714 

32,052 

89,990 



63,069,756 



Pr.Ct. Increase 



1900 Xo 
1910 



16.9 
66.2 
20.0 
60.1 
48.0 
22.7 

9.5 
18.8 
42.4 
17.7 
101.3 
16.9 

7.3 
a0.3 
15.0 

6.6 
19.9 

6.9 

9.0 
20.0 
16.1 
18.5 
15.8 

6.0 
54.5 
11.8 
93.4 

4.6 
34.7 
67.5 
25.4 
16.5 
80.8 
14.7 
bl09.7 
62.7 
21.6 
26.6 
13.1 
45.4 

8.1 
27.8 
34.9 

3.6 
11.2 
120.4 
27.4 
12.8 
57.7 
21.0 

1.2 
24.6 



20. 



(a) Decrease, (b) For purposes of comparison the 1900 population figures of Oklahoma and 
Indian Territory are combined, (c) 1899. (d) In the last line of this table the 1900 and 1890 pop- 
ulation figures do not include Porto Rico. 

1002 



RANK OF THE STATES, 1790-1910 



State. 


1790 


1800 


1810 


1820 


1830 


1840 


1850 


1860 


1870 


1880 


1890 


1900 


1910 


Ala 








19 


15 


12 


12 


13 


16 
46 
26 
24 
41 
25 
35 
34 
33 
12 
44 

4 

6 
11 
29 

8 
21 
23 
20 

7 
13 
28 
18 

5 
43 
36 
40 
31 
17 
37 

1 

14 

6 45 

3 


17 

44 
25 
24 
35 
28 
38 
36 
34 
13 
46 

4 

6 
10 
20 

8 
22 
27 
23 

7 

9 
26 
18 

5 
45 
30 
43 
31 
19 
41 

1 

15 

6 40 

3 


17 
a 47 
24 
22 
31 
29 
43 
40 
32 
12 
46 

3 

8 
10 
19 
11 
25 
30 
27 

6 

9 
20 
21 

5 
45 
26 
49 
33 
18 
44 

1 
16 
42 
. 4 
a 39 
38 

2 

36 

23 

J 35 

13 

7 
41 
37 
15 
34 
28 
14 
48 


18 
47 
25 
21 
32 
29 
45 
41 
33 
11 
46 

3 

8 
10 
22 
12 
23 
31 
26 

7 

9 
19 
20 

5 
43 
27 
49 
37 
16 
44 

1 
15 
40 

4 

c30 

36 

2 
35 
24 
38 
14 

6 
42 
39 
17 
34 
28 
13 
48 


18 










46 


Ark 






26 


26 


28 


25 


26 

29 


25 
26 
38 
24 
32 
35 
31 
11 


25 


Cal 






12 


Col 














32 


Conn 

Del 


8 
16 


8 
17 
19 


9 
19 
22 


14 

22 
25 


16 
24 
25 
26 
10 


20 
26 
28 
27 
9 


21 
30 
33 
31 
9 


31 

47 


D. of C 

Fla 


43 
33 


Ga 


13 


12 


11 


11 


10 


Ida 


45 


111....* 






24 
21 


24 
18 


20 
13 


14 
10 
29 


11 

7 
27 


4 
6 
20 
33 
9 
17 
22 
19 

16 

30 

14 

8 


3 


Ind 

la 




21 


9 
15 


Kan 












22 


Ky 


14 


9 


7 

18 
14 

8 

25 


6 
17 
12 
10 

27 


6 
19 
12 
11 

27 


6 
19 
13 
15 

23 


8 
IS 
16 
17 

20 
36 
15 
13 


14 


La 


24 


Me.. 


11 
6 


14 
7 


34 


Md 


27 


Mich 


6 

8 








19 


Miss 




20 


20 


21 


22 


17 


21 






7 


Mont , 






40 


















39 

41 

27 

21 

34 

1 

12 

&42 

3 


• 29 


Nev 
















49 


N. H 

N.J 


10 

9 


11 
10 


16 
12 


15 
13 


18 
14 


22 
18 


22 
19 
32 
1 
10 


39 
11 


N. M 


44 


N, Y...... 


5 


3 

4 


2 
4 


1 
4 


1 

5 


1 

7 


1 


N.C 

N. Dak 


3 


16 
37 












4 


3 


3 


4 


Okla 




23 


Ore 






* 








34 
2 

14 


36 
2 

18 


38 

2 

32 

22 


37 

2 

33 

21 


35 


Penn 


2 

7 


2 
6 


3 
6 


3 

8 


2 
9 


2 
11 


2 
38 


8. C 


26 


S. Dak 


36 


Tenn 

Tex 


17 


15 


10 


9 


7 


5 


5 
25 
35 
23 

4 


10 
23 
37 
28 
5 
40 - 


9 
19 
39 
30 
10 
42 
27 
15 
47 


12 
11 
39 
32 
14 
42 
29 
16 
47 


17 

5 


Ut 














41 




1 


1 


1 


2 


3 


21 

4 


42 




20 


Wash 


30 


W.Va 
















28 














30 


24 


15 


13 


'Wyo 












48 























a For 1890 the rank of Arizona advances from 48 to 47 when the population specially enume- 
rated is included; and that of Oklahoma advances from 46 to 39 when the population of Indian 
Territory and Indian reservations specially enumerated is included. - 

b Includes South Dakota. 

c The ranking of Oklahoma in 1900 was 38 and Indian Territory 39. The present ranking 
for the eame census includes the population of Indian Territory. 

d For 1890 the rank of South Dakota advances from 37 to 35 when the population specially 
enumerated is included. 



1003 



APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENTATION 
IN CONGRESS 






Ratios under Constitution and Censuses 




Consti- 
tution 


1790 


1800 


1810 


1820 


1830 


1840 


1850 


1860 


1870 


1380 


1890 


1900 


1910 
t- 

00 


State 


o 
o 
o_ 
o 
co 


© 
o 
o 

CO* 
CO 


§ 
o 

CO 

CO 


o 

o 

<3 

iO 

CO 


o 
o 
o 
o 


o 
o 
t> 


o 

00 

o* 

IS 


CO 

co" 
cfl 


00 
CO 


(M 

CO 




o 
°l 
co" 
1^ 


CO 




Representation 


Ala 








1 


3 


5 


7 


7 


. 6 


8 


8 


9 


9 


10 
1 
7 

11 
4 
5 
1 
4 

12 
2 

27 

13 










Ark 












1 


1 
2 


2 
2 


3 
3 


4 

4 
1 
4 
1 
2 
9 


5 

6, 

1 

4 

1 

2 

10 

1 

20 

13 

11 

7 

11 

6 

4 

6 

12 

11 

5 

7 

14 

1 

3 

1 

2 

7 


6 

7 

2 

4 

1 

2 

11 

1 

22 

13 

11 

8 

11 

6 

4 

6 

13 

12 

7 

7 

15 

1 

6 

1 

2 

8 


7 

8 

3 

5 

1 

3 

11 

1 

25 

13 

11 

8 

11 

7 

4 

6 

14 

12 

9 

8 

16 

1 

6 

1 

2 

10 


Cal. 












Col 














Conn .... 

Del 

Fla .. 


5 

1 


7 

1 


7 
1 


7 
2 


6 
1 


6 

1 


4 
1 
1 
8 


4 
1 

1 
8 


4 
1 

1 
7 


Ga 

Ida 


3 


2 


4 


6 


7 


9 


Ill 








1 
1 


1 
3 


3 

7 


7 

10 
2 


9 

11 

2 


14 
. 11 

6 
1 
9 
5 
5 
5 
10 
6 
2 
5 
9 


19 

13 
9 
3 

10 
6 
5 
6 

11 
9 
3 
6 

13 


Ind 








la 








11 


Kan 














8 


Ky 




2 


6 


10 
1 

7 

9 

13 


12 
3 
7 
9 

13 


13 
3 

8 

8 

12 

1 


10 
4 
7 
6 

10 
3 

'**4' 

5 


10 
4 
6 
6 

11 
4 
2 
5 
7 


11 


la.../... 




8 


Me 








4 


Md 

Mass. . . . 


6 
8 


8 
14 


9 
17 


6 
16 
13 














10 










1 


1 

1 


2 

2 


8 


Mo 








16 


Mont. .. . 










2 


Neb 


















. 1 
1 
3 
5 


1 
1 
3 

7 


6 


Nev 


















1 


N. H 

N.J 

N. M.... 


3 
4 


4 
5 


5 
6 


6 
6 


6 
6 


5 

6 


4 
5 


3 
5 


2 

12 

1 


N. Y 

N.C 

N. Dak.. 


6 
5 


10 


17 


27 


34 


40 


34 


33 


31 


33 


34 

1 
21 


34 

1 
21 


37 

2 

21 

5 

2 

32 

2 

7 

2 

10 

16 

1 

2 

10 

3 

5 

11 

1 


43 

10 

3 


o. w 












19 


21 


21 


19 


20 


22 


OkT 






8 


Ore.. 
















1 
25 

6 


1 

24 

4 


1 

27 
2 
5 


1 

28 

2 

7 

2 

10 

11 


2 

30 

2 

7 

2 

10 

13 

1 

2 

10 

2 

4 

10 

1 


3 


Penn... . . 

R.I 

S.C 

S. Dak.. . 


8 
1 
5 


13 

6 


18 
"8 


23 

9 


26 
9 


28 
9 


24 

7 


36 
3 
7 
3 


Tenn 




1 


3 


6 


9 


13 


11 
2 


10 
2 


8 
4 


10 

6 


10 


Tex 




•8 


Ut 














Vt 




19 


22 


23 


22 


21 


4 
15 


3 
13 


3 
11 


3 
' 9 


2 

10 

1 
4 
9 

1 


2 


Va 

Wash 


10 


10 
5 


W. Va. 




















3 


■f 


Wis 




















Wyo .... 




































Total.. 


65 


106 


142 


186 


213 


242 


232 


237 


243 


293 


332 


357 


391 


435 














1004 
















1 



PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES 



The following list names approximately all incorporated places in the 

United States having 5,000 or more inhabitants. The numerals 

at extreme right of column are the 1910 census figures. 

Capitals of States and Territories are indicated with an asterisk {*). 



Aberdeen, S. Dak 10,753 

Aberdeen, Wash. . , 13,660 

Abilene, Tex 9,204 

Ada, Okla 5,000 

Adams, Mass 11,900 

Adrian, Mich 10,763 

Akron, Ohio 69,067 

Alameda, Cal 23,383 

Albany, Ga 8,190 

Albany, N. Y .* 100,253 

Albert Lea, Minn 6,192 

Albion, Mich 5,833 

Albion, N.Y 5,016 

Albuquerque, N. Y.. . . 11,020 

Alexandria, Ind 5,096 

Alexandria, La 11,213 

Alexandria, Va 15,329 

Alhambra, Cal 5,021 

Allentown, Pa 51,913 

Alliance, Ohio 15,083 

Alpena, Mich 12,706 

Alton, 111 17,528 

Altoona, Pa 52,127 

Amarillo, Tex . 9,957 

Ambridge, Pa 5,205 

Americus, Ga 8,063 

Amesbury, Mass 8,000 

Amsterdam, N. Y 31,267 

Anaconda, Mont 10,134 

Anderson, Ind 22,476 

Anderson, S.C 9,654 

Andover, Mass 6,100 

Annapolis, Md* 8,609 

Ann Arbor, Mich 14,817 

Anniston, Ala 12,794 

Ansonia, Conn 15,152 

Antigo, Wis 7,196 

Appleton, Wis 16,773 

Archbald, Pa 7,194 

Aramore, Okla 8,618 

Argenta, Ark 11,138 

Arkansas City, Kan. . . 7,508 

Arlington, Mass 8,900 

Asbury Park. N.J 10,150 

Asheville, N. G 18,762 

Ashland, Ky 8,688 

Ashland, Ohio 6,795 

Ashland, Ore 5,020 

Ashland, Pa 6,855 

Ashland, Wis 11.594 

Ashley, Pa 5,601 

Ashtabula, Ohio 18,266 

Astoria, Ore 9,599 

Atchison, Kan 16,429 

Athens, Ga 14,913 

Athens, Ohio. 5,463 

Athol.. Mass 6,000 



Atlanta, Ga.* 154,839 

Atlantic City, N.J 46,150 

Attleboro, Mass 12,400 

Auburn, Me 15,064 

Auburn, N. Y 34,668 

Augusta, Ga 41,040 

Augusta, Me.* 13,211 

Aurora, 111 29,807 

Austin, Minn 6,960 

Austin, Tex* 29,860 

Baker City, Ore 6,742 

Bakersfield, Cal 12,727 

Baltimore, Md 558,485 

Bangor, Me 24,803 

Bangor, Pa 5,369 

Baraboo, Wis 6,324 

Barberton, Ohio 9,410 

Barre, Vt 10,734 

Bartlesville, Okla 8,000 

Batavia, N.Y 11,613 

Bath, Me 9,396 

Bath, N.Y 6,000 

Baton Rouge, La* 14,897 

Battle Creek, Mich 25,267 

Bay City, Mich 45,166 

Bayonne, N.J 55,545 

Beardstown, 111 6,107 

Beatrice, Neb 9,356 

Beaumont, Tex 20,640 

Beaverdam, Wis 6,758 

Beaver Falls, Pa 12,191 

Bedford, Ind 8,716 

Bellaire, Ohio 12,946 

Belief ontaine, Ohio 8,238 

Belleville, 111 21,122 

Bellevue, Ky 6,683 

Bellevue, Ohio 5,209 

Bellevue, Pa 6,323 

Bellingham, Wash 24,298 

Bellows Falls, Vt 6,000 

Beloit, Wis 15,125 

Belvidere, 111 7,253 

Bemidji, Minn 5,099 

Bennington, Vt 7,500 

Benton Harbor, Mich. . 9^185 

Berkeley, Cal 40,434 

Berkley, Va 5,700 

Berlin, N.H 11,780 

Berwick, Pa 5,357 

Berwyn, 111 5,841 

Bessemer, Ala 10,864 

Bethlehem, Pa 12,837 

Beverly, Mass 18,650 

Biddeford, Me 17,079 

Billings, Mont 10,031 

Biloxi, Miss 7,988 

Binghamton, N.Y 48,443 

1005 



Birmingham, Ala 132,685 

Bisbee, Ariz 10,000 

Bismarck, N. Dak.*. . . 5,443 

Blakely, Pa 5.345 

Bloomfield, N. J 15,070 

Bloomington, 111 25,768 

Bloomington, Ind 8,838 

Bloomsburg, Pa 7,413 

Bluefield, W. Va 11,188 

Blue Island, 111 8,043 

Boise, Idaho* 17,358 

Boone, Iowa 10,347 

Boston, Mass* 670,585 

Boulder, Colo 9,539 

Bowling Green, Ky 9,173 

Bowling Green, Ohio. . 5,222 

Boyne City, Mich 5,218 

Bozeman, Mont 5,107 

Braddock, Pa 19,357 

Bradford, Pa 14,544 

Brainerd, Minn 8,526 

Brattleboro, Vt 8,000 

Brazil, Ind 9,340 

Brewer, Me 5,667 

Bridgeport, Conn 102,054 

Bridgeton, N.J 14,209 

Bristol, Conn 9,527 

Bristol, Pa 9,256 

Bristol, R.I 8,450 

Bristol, Tenn 7,148 

Bristol, Va 6,247 

Brockton, Mass 56,878 

Brookfield, Mo. 5,749 

Brookhaven, Miss 5,293 

Brookline, Mass 27,792 

Brownsville, Tex 10,517 

Brownwood, Tex 6,967 

Brunswick, Ga 10,182 

Brunswick, Me 5,341 

Bucyrus, Ohio 8,122 

Buffalo, N.Y 423,715 

Burlington, Iowa 24,324 

Burlington, N. J 8,336 

Burlington, Vt 20,468 

Butler, Pa 20,728 

Butte, Mont 39,165 

Cadillac, Mich 8,375 

Cairo, 111 14,548 

Calais, Me 6,116 

Calumet, Mich 30,000 

Cambridge, Md 6,407 

Cambridge, Mass 104,839 

Cambridge, Ohio 11,327 

Camden, N.J 94,538 

Camden, N.Y 5*000 

Canal Dover, Ohio 6,621 

Canandaigua, N.Y 7,217 



Principal Cities of the United States — Continued 




Canon City, Colo. . . . 


. 5,162 


Columbia, Pa 


. 11,454 


Duluth, Minn 


. 78,466 


Canton, 111 


. 10,453 


Columbia, S.C.* 


. «26,319 


Dunkirk, N.Y 


. 17,221 


Canton, Ohio 


. 50,217 


Columbia, Tenn 


. 5,754 


Dunmore, Pa 


. 17,615 


Cape Girardeau, Mo . 


. 8,475 


Columbus, Ga 


. 20,554 


Duquesne, Pa 


. 15,727 


Carbondale, 111 


. 5,411 


Columbus, Ind 


. 8,813 


Duquoin, 111 


. 5,454 


Carhondale, Pa 


. 17,040 


Columbus, Miss 


. 8,988 


Durant, Okla 


. 5,330 


Caribou, Me 


. 5,377 

. 10,303 
. 10,009 


Columbus, Neb 

Columbus, Ohio.* 

Concord, N.H* 


. 5,014 
.181,511 
. 21,497 


Durham, N.C 

Duryea, Pa 

East Chicago, Ind. . . . 


. 18,241 
. 7,487 
. 19,098 




Carnegie, Pa 


Carrick, Pa 


. 6,117 
. 2,466 


Concord, N. C 

Conneaut, Ohio 


. 8,715 
. 8,319 


East Cleveland, Ohio. 
East Conemaugh, Pa. 


. 9,179 
. 5,046 


Carson City, Nev.* . . 


Carthage, Mo 


. 9,4§3 




. 12,845 


Easthampton, Mass. . 
East Hartford, Conn . 


. 8,110 


Catasauqua, Pa 


. 5,250 


Connersville, Ind 


. 7,738 


. 5,500 


Catskill. N.Y 


. 5,296 


Conshohocken, Pa.. . . 


. 7,480 


East Liverpool, Ohio . 


. 20,387 


Qedar Falls, Iowa. . . . 


. 5,012 


Coraopolis, Pa 


. 5,252 


Easton, Pa 


. 28,523 


Cedar Rapids, Iowa. . 


. 32,811 


Cordele, Ga 


. 5,883 


East Orange, N.J. . . . 


. 34,371 


Center ville, Iowa .... 


. 6,936 


Corinth, Miss 


. 5,020 


East* Pittsburg, Pa. . . 


. 5,615 


Central Falls, R.I 


. 22,754 


Corning, N.Y 


. 13,730 


East Providence, R. I 


. 13,500 


Centralia, 111 


. 9,680 


Corpus Christi, Tex. . 


. 8,222 


East Saint Louis, 111 . 


. 58,547 


Centralia, Wash 


. 7,311 


Corry, Pa 


. 5,991 


Eau Claire, Wis 


. 18,310 


Chambersburg, Pa . . . 


. 11,800 


Corsicana, Tex 


. 9.749 


Edwardsville, 111 


. 5,014 


Champaign, 111 


. 12,421 


Cortland.N. Y 


. 11,504 


Edwardsville, Pa ... . 


. 8,407 


Chanute, Kan 


. 9,272 


Coshocton, Ohio 


. 9,603 


Elberton, Ga 


. 6,483 


Charleroi, Pa 


. 9,615 


Council Bluffs, Iowa. . 


. 29,292 


Elgin, 111 


. 25,976 


Charles City, Iowa. . . 


. 5,892 


Covington, Ky 


. 53,270 


Elizabeth, N.J 


. 73,409 


Charleston, 111 


. 5,884 


Cranston, R.I 


. 21,171 


Elizabeth City, N.C. 


. 8,412 


Charleston, S. C 


. 58,833 


Crawfordsville, Ind.. . 


. 9,371 


Elkhart, Ind 


. 19,282 


Charleston, W. Va.*.. 


. 22,996 


Creston, Iowa 


. 6,924 


Elkins, W. Va 


. 5,260 


Charlotte, N. C 


. 34,014 


Cripple Creek, Col. . . 


. 6,206 


Elmira, N.Y 


. 37,176 


Charlottesville, Va. . . 


. 6,765 


Crookston, Minn 


. 7,559 


El Paso, Tex 


. 39,279 


Chattanooga, Tenn . . 


. 44,604 


Crowley, La 


. 5,099 


El Reno, Okla 


. 7,000 


Cheboygan, Mich. . . . 


. 6,859 


Cumberland, Md 


. 21,839 


Elwood, Ind 


. 11,028 




. 32,452 
. 38.537 


Dallas, Tex 


. 92,104 
. 5,324 




. 14,825 


Chester, Pa 


Dalton, Ga 


Emporia, Kan 


. 9,058 


Cheyenne. Wyo.* 


. 11,320 


Danbury, Conn 

Dansville, N.Y 


. 20,234 


Englewood, N.J 


. 9,924 


Chicago, 111 2.1? 


. 5,000 


Enid, Okla 


. 13,799 


Chicago Heights, 111. . 


. 14,525 


Danvers, Mass 


. 7,950 


Ennis, Tex 


. 5,669 


Chickasha, Okla 


. 10,320 


Danville, 111 


. 27,871 


Erie, Pa 


. 66,525 


Chicopee, Mass 


. 25,401 


Danville, Ky 


. 5,420 


Escanaba, Mich 


. 13,194 


Chicopee Falls, Mass. 
Chillicothe, Mo 


. "8,500 
. 6,265 




. 7,517 
. 19,020 


Etna Pa 


. 5,830 


Danville, Va 


Eugene, Ore 


. 9,009 


Chillicothe, Ohio 


. 14,508 


Darby, Pa 


. 6,305 


Eureka, Cal 


. 11,8*5 


Chippewa Falls, Wis . 


. 8,893 


Davenport, Iowa 


. 43,028 


Evanston, 111 


. 24,978 


Chisholm, Minn 


. 7,684 


Dayton, Ky 


. 6,979 


Evansville, Ind 


. 69,647 


Cicero, 111 


. 14,557 


Dayton, Ohio 


.116,577 


Eveleth, Mo 


. 7,036 


Cincinnati, Ohio 


.363,591 


Decatur, 111 


. 31,140 


Everett, Mass 


. 33,484 


Circleville, Ohio 


. 6,744 


Defiance, Ohio ,. . 


. 7,327 


Everett, Wash 


. 24,814 


Claremont, N.H 


. 7,529 


DeKalb, 111 


. 8,102 


Fairbury, Neb 


. 5,294 


Clarksburg, W. Va... 


. 9,201 


Delaware, Ohio 


. 9,076 


Fairmont, W.Va 


. 9,711 


Clarksville, Tenn 


. 8,548 


Delphos, Ohio 


. 5,038 


Fall River, Mass 


.119,295 


Clearfield, Pa 


. 6,851 


Denison, Tex 


. 13,632 


Fargo, N. Dak 


. 20,580 


Cleburne, Tex 


. 10,364 


Denver, Colo.* 


.213,381 


Fayetteville, N.C 


. 7,045 


Cleveland, Ohio 


. 560,663 


Derby, Conn 


. 8,991 


Fergus Falls, Minn. . . 


. 6,887 


Cleveland, Tenn 


. 5,549 


Derry, N.H 


. 5,123 


Findlay, Ohio 


14,858 


Clifton Forge, Va 


. 5,743 


Des Moines, Iowa* . . 


. 86,368 


Fitchburg, Mass 


. 37,826 


Clinton, 111 


. 5,165 


Detroit, Mich 


.465,766 


Fitzgerald, Ga 


. 5,795 


Clinton, Ind 


. 6,229 


Devils Lake, N. Dak . 


. 5,157 


Flat River, Mo 


5,112 


Clinton, Iowa 


. 25,577 


Dickinson, N. Dak. . . 


. 5,000 


Flint, Mich 


38,550 




. 13,000 
. 7,031 




. 9,331 
. 7,216 




6,689 


Cloquet, Minn 


Dixon, 111 


Florence, S. C 


7,057 
18,797 


Coaldale, Pa 


. 5,154 


Donora, Pa 


. 8,174 


Fond du Lac, Wis. . . . 


Coalgate, Okla 


. 6,000 


Dothan, Ala 


. 7,016 


Forest City, Pa 


5,749 


Coatesville, Pa 


. 11,084 


Douglas, Ariz 


. 8,000 


Forest Park, 111 


6,594 


Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. 


.. 7,291 


Dover, Del.* 


. 3,720 


Fort Collins, Colo.... 


8,210 


Coffey ville, Kan 


. 12,687 


Dover, N.H 


. 13,247 


Fort Dodge, Iowa. . . . 


15,543 


Cohoes, N.Y 


. 24,709 


Dover, N. J 


. 7,468 


Fort Madison, Iowa. . 


8,900 


Coldwater.Mich 


. 5,945 


Dowagiac, Mich 


. 5,088 


Fort Scott, Kan 


10,463 


Collinsville, 111 


. 7,478 


Dublin, Ga 


. 5,795 


Fort Smith, Ark 


23,975 


Colorado Springs.Colo 


. 29,078 


Dubois, Pa 


. 12,623 


Fort Wayne, Ind 


63,933 


Columbia, Mo 


. 9,662 


Dubuque, Iowa 


. 38,494 


Fort Worth, Tex 


73,312 



1006 



Principal Cities of the United States— Continued 



Fostoria, Ohio 


. 9,597 


Hagerstown, Md 


. 16,507 


Ishpeming, Mich. . . . 


. 12,448 


Frankfort, Ind 


. 8,634 


Hamilton, Ohio 


. 35,279 


Ithaca, N.Y 


. 14,802 


Frankfort, Ky* 

Franklin, N.H 


. 10,465 


Hammond, Ind 


. 20,925 


Jackson, Mich 


. 31,433 


. 6,132 


Hammonton, N. J 


. 5,088 


Jackson, Miss.* 


. 21,262 


Franklin, Pa 


. 9,767 


Hampton, Va 


. 5,505 


Jackson, Ohio 


. 5,468 


Frederick, Md 


. 10,411 


Hancock, Mich 


. 8,981 


Jackson, Term 


. 15,779 


Fredericksburg, Va . . 


. 5,874 


Hannibal, Mo 


18,341 


Jacksonville, Fla 


. 57,699 




. 5,285 
. 6,197 




7,057 
5,309 


Jacksonville, 111 

Jamestown, N. Y 


. 15,326 


Freeland, Pa 


Harrisburg, 111 


. 31,297 




. 17,567 
. 8,718 


Harrisburg, Pa.* 

Harrison, N. J 


. 64,186 
14,498 


Jamestown, N. Dak. 
Janesville, Wis 


. 6,100 


Fremont, Neb 


. 13,894 


Fremont, Ohio 

Fresno, Cal 


. 9,939 
: 24,892 


Harrisonburg, Va 

Hartford, Conn.* 


4,879 
. 98,915 




. 8,077 


Jefferson City, Mo.*. 


. 11,850 


Frostburg, Md 


. 6,028 


Hartford, Ind 


. 6,187 


Jefferson ville, Ind.. . 


. 10,412 


Fulton, Mo 


. 5,228 


Hartwell, Ohio 


2,600 


Jersey City, N.J 


.267,779 


Fulton, N.Y 


. 10,480 
. 10,557 


Harvey, 111 

Hastings, Neb 


. 7,227 
9,338 


Jersey Shore, Pa 

Johnson City, Tenn. . 


. 5,381 


Gadsden, Ala 


. 8,502 


Gainesville, Fla 


. 6,183 


Hattiesburg, Miss. . . . 


11,733 


Johnstown, N. Y 


. 10,447 


Gainesville, Ga 


. 5,925 


Haverhill, Mass 


44,115 


Johnstown, Pa 


. 55,482 


Gainesville, Tex 


. 7,624 




5,669 


Joliet, 111 


. 34,670 


. 6,096 
. 22,089 


Hazleton, Pa 

Helena, Ark 


25,452 

8,772 


Jonesboro, Ark 

Joplin, Mo 


. 7,123 


Galesburg, 111 


. 32,073 


Galion, Ohio 


. 7,214 


Helena, Mont.* 


12,515 


Junction City, Kan.. 


. 5,598 


Gallipolis, Ohio 


. 5,560 


Henderson, Ky 


11,452 


Juniata, Pa 


. 5,285 


Galveston, Tex 


. 36,981 


Herkimer, N. Y 


7,520 


Kalamazoo, Mich. . . . 


. 39,437 


Gardiner, Me 


. 5,311 


Herrin, 111 


6,861 


Kalispell, Mont 


. 5,549 


Gardner, Mass 

Garfield, N.J 


. 13,910 


Hibbing, Minn.. 

Highpoint, N. C 


8,832 




. 6,626 


. 10,213 


. 9,525 


Kankakee, 111 


. 13,986 




. 16,802 


Hillsboro, Tex 


. 6,115 
5,001 


Kansas City, Kan. . . . 
Kansas City, Mo 


. 82,331 


Gastonia, N.C 


Hillsdale, Mich 


.248,381 


Geneva, N.Y 


. 12,446 


Hoboken, N.J 


70,324 


Kearney, Neb 


. 6,202 


Georgetown, S.C 


. 5,530 


Holland, Mich „ 


10,490 


Kearny, N. J 


. 18,659 




. 5,401 
. 5,540 


Holyoke, Mass 

Homestead, Pa 


57,730 
18,713 


Keene, N.H 

Kenosha, Wis 


. 10,068 


Glassport, Pa 


. 21,371 


Glen Cove, N.Y 


7,600 


Hoosick Falls, N. Y. . 
Hopkinsville, Ky 


5,532 
9,419 




. 7,185 


Glens FaUs, N.Y 


Keokuk, Iowa 


. 14,008 


Globe, Ariz 


. 12,000 


Hoquiam, Vv ash 


8,171 


Kewanee, 111 


. 9,307 


Gloucester, Mass 


. 24,398 


Hornell, N.Y 


13,617 


Key West, Fla 


. 19,945 


Gloucester, N. J 


. 9,462 


Hot Springs, Ark 


14,434 


Kingston, N. Y 


. 25,908 


Gloversville, N.Y. . . . 


20,642 


Houghton, Mich 


. 5,113 


Kingston, Pa 


. 6,449 


Goldsboro N.C 


. 6,107 


Houlton, Me 


5,845 


Kinston, N. C 


. 6,995 


Goshen, Ind 






5,024 


Kirksville, Mo 


. 6,347 


Grafton, W. Va 


7,563 


Houston, Tex 


78,800 


Knoxville, Pa 


. 5,651 


Grand Forks, N. Dak. 


12,478 


Houston Heights, Tex 


. 6,984 


Knoxville, Tenn 


. 36,346 


Grand Haven, Mich.. 


5,856 


Hudson, Mass 


5,200 


Kokomo, Ind 


. 17.010 


Grand Island, Neb. . . 


10,326 


Hudson, N. Y.. 


11,417 


Lackawanna, N.Y... 


. 14,549 


Grand Junction, Colo. 


. 7,754 


Hudson Falls, N. Y. . 


5,189 


Laconia, N. H 


. 10,183 


Grand Rapids, Mich. . 


112,571 


Hugo, Okla 


5,000 


La Crosse, Wis 


. 30,417 


Grand Rapids, Wis. . . 


6,521 


Huntingdon, Pa 


6,861 


Lafayette, Ind 


. 20,081 


Granite City, 111 


9,903 


Huntington, Ind 


10,272 


Lafayette, La 


. 6,392 


Great Falls, Mont 


13,948 


Huntington, N. Y.. . . 


5,000 


Lagrange, Ga 


. 5,587 


Greeley, Colo 


8,179 


Huntington, W. Va. . . 


31,161 


Lagrange, 111 


. 5,282 


Greenbay, Wis 


25,236 


Hunts ville, Ala 


7,611 


Lake Charles, La 


. 11,449 


Greenfield, Mass 


9,910 


Huron, S. Dak 


5,791 


Lake City, Fla 


. 5,032 


Greensboro, N.C 


15,895 


Hutchinson, Kan 


16,364 


Lakewood, Ohio 


. L5.181 


Greensburg, Ind 


5,420 


Hyde Park, Mass 


14,507 


Lancaster, Ohio 

Lancaster, Pa 


. 13,093 


Greensburg, Pa 


13.012 


Ilion, N.Y 


6,588 


. 47,227 


Greenville, Miss 


. 9,610 


Independence, Kan.. . 


10,480 


Lansford, Pa 


. 8,321 


Greenville, Ohio 


. 6,237 


Independence, Mo 


9,859 


Lattsing, Mich.* 


. 31,229 


Greenville, Pa 


5,909 


Indiana, Pa 


5,749 


Laporte, Ind 


. 10,525 


Greenville, S.C : 


15,741 


Indianapolis, Ind.*. . . . 
Indian Orchard, Mass 


233,650 
6,200 




. 8,237 


Greenville, Tex. ..... 


8,850 


Laredo, Tex 


. 14,855 


Greenwood, Miss 


5,836 


Iola, Kan 


9,032 


Larksville, Pa 


. 9,288 


Greenwood, S.C 


6,614 


Ionia, Mich 


5,030 


La Salle, 111 


. 11,537 


Griffin, Ga 


7,478 


Iowa City, Iowa 


10,091 


Las Vegas, N. M 


. 8,600 


Grinnell, Iowa 


5,036 


Ipswich, Mass 


5,000 


Latrobe, Pa 


. 8,777 


Gulfport, Miss 


6,386 


Iron Mountain, Mich. . 


9,216 


Laurel, Miss 


. 8,465 


Guthrie, Okla.* 




Ironton, Ohio 


13,147 


Laurium, Mich 


. 8,537 


Guttenberg, N. J 


5,647 


Ironwood, Mich 


12,821 


Lawrence, Kan 


. 12,374 


Hackettstown, N. J. . 


14,050 


Irvington, N.J 


11,877 


Lawrence, Mass 


. 85,892 



1007 



Principal Cities of the United States — Continued 



Lawton, Okla 7,788 

Lead, S. Dak 8,392 

Leadville, Colo 7,508 

Leavenworth, Kan 19,363 

Lebanon, Ind 5,474 

Lebanon, N. H 5,718 

Lebanon, Pa 19,240 

Lehighton, Pa 5,316 

Leominster, Mass 14,910 

Lestershire, N.Y 5,000 

Lewiston, Idaho 6,043 

Lewiston, Me 26,247 

Lewiston, Pa 8,166 

Lexington, Ky 35,099 

Lexington, Mo 5,242 

Lexington, Va 5,000 

Lima, Ohio 30,508 

Lincoln, 111 10,892 

Lincoln, Neb * 43,973 

Linton, Ind 5,906 

Litchfield, 111 5,971 

Little Falls, Minn 6,078 

Little Falls, N. Y 12,273 

Little Rock, Ark.* 45,941 

Livingston, Mont. . . . 5,359 

Lock Haven, Pa 7,772 

Lockport, N. Y 17,970 

Logan, Utah 7,522 

Logansport, Ind 19,050 

Longbeach, Cal 17,809 

Long Branch, N. J 13,298 

Longview, Tex 5,155 

Lorain, Ohio 28,883 

Los Angeles, Cal 319,198 

Louisville, Ky 223,928 

Lowell, Mass 106,294 

Ludington, Mich 9,132 

Luzerne, Pa 5,426 

Lynchburg, Va 29,494 

Lynn, Mass 89,336 

McAlester, Okla 12,954 

McComb.Miss 6,237 

McKeesport, Pa 42,694 

McKees Rocks, Pa 14,702 

Macomb, 111 5,774 

Macon, Ga 40,665 

Madison, 111 5,046 

Madison, Ind 6,934 

Madison, Wis* 25,531 

Madisonville, Ohio 5,193 

Mahanoy City, Pa. . . . 15,936 

Maiden, Mass 44,404 

Malone.N. Y 6,467 

Mamaroneck, N. Y 5,699 

Manchester, N. H 70,063 

Manchester, Va 12,200 

Manhattan, Kan 5,722 

Manistee, Mich 12,381 

Manitowoc, Wis 13.027 

Mankato.Minn 10,365 

Mansfield, Ohio 20,768 

Marblehead, Mass 7,010 

Marietta, Ga 5,949 

Marietta, Ohio 12,923 

Marinette, Wis 14,610 

"Marion, 111 7,093 

Marion, Ind.., 19,359 

Marion, Ohio 19.232 

Marlboro, Mass 14,579 

Marquette, Mich 11,503 



Marshall, Tex 11,452 

Marshalltown.Iowa. . . 13,374 

Marshfield, Wis 5,783 

Martinsburg, W. Va. . . 10,698 
Martins Ferry, Ohio. . . 9,133 

Marysville, Cal 5,430 

Mason City, Iowa. . . . . 11,230 

Massillon, Ohio 13,879 

Matteawan, N. Y 6,727 

Mattoon.IIl 11,456 

Mayfield.Ky 5,916 

Maynard, Mass 5,910 

Maysville, Ky 6,141 

Maywood, 111 8,033 

Meadville, Pa 12,780 

Mechanicsville, N.Y.. . 6,634 

Medford.Mass 23,150 

Medford.Ore 8,-840 

Medina, N. Y 5,683 

Melrose, Mass 15,715 

Memphis, Tenn 131,105 

Menasha, Wis 6,081 

Menominee, Mich 10,507 

Menomonie, Wis 5,036 

Meriden, Conn. . '. 27,265 

Meridian, Miss 23,285 

Merrill, Wis 8,689 

Methuen, Mass 9,110 

Mexico, Mo 5,939 

Miami, Fla 5,471 

Michigan City, Ind... 19,027 

Middleboro, Mass 5,700 

Middlesboro, Ky 7,305 

Middletown, Conn 11,851 

Middletown, N. Y 15,313 

Middletown, Ohio 13,152 

Middletown, Pa 5,374 

Milford, Mass...: 12,910 

Millvale, Pa 7,861 

Millville, N. J 12,451 

Milton, Mass 7,210 

Milton, Pa 7,460 

Milwaukee, Wis 373,857 

Minersville, Pa 7,240 

Minneapolis, Minn 301,408 

Minot, N. Dak 6,188 

Mishawaka, Ind 11,886 

Missoula, Mont 12,869 

Mitchell, S. Dak 6,515 

Moberly, Mo 10,923 

Mobile, Ala 51,521 

Moline.Ill 24,199 

Monessen, Pa 11,775 

Monmouth, 111 9,128 

Monongahela, Pa 7,598 

Monroe, La 10,209 

Monroe, Mich 6,893 

Montclair, N. J 21,550 

Montgomery, Ala.*. . . 38,136 

Montpelier, Vt.* 7,856 

Morenci, Ariz 7,000 

Morgan City, La 5,477 

Morgantown, W. Va. . . 9,150 

Morristown, N. J 12,507 

Moundsville, W. Va . . . 8,918 

Mt.Carmel.IH 6,934 

Mt. Carmel, Pa 17,532 

Mt. Clemens, Mich 7,707 

Mt. Pleasant, Pa 5,812 

Mt. Vernon, 111 8,007 

1008 



Mt. Vernon, Ind 5,563 

Mt. Vernon, N.Y 30,919 

Mt. Vernon, Ohio 9,087 

Muncie.Ind 24,005 

Munhall.Pa 5,185 

Murphysboro ,111 7 ,485 

Muscatine, Iowa 16,178 

Muskegon, Mich 24,062 

Muskogee, Okla 25.278 

Nanticoke.Pa 18 877 

Napa, Cal 15,' 91 

Nashua, N. H 26,005 

Nashville, Tenn.* 110,364 

Natchez, Miss 11,791 

Natick, Mass 8,900 

Natick, R. 1 5,000 

Naugatuck, Conn. .... 12,722 
Nebraska City, Neb . . . 5,488 

Neenah, Wis 5,734 

Negaunee, Mich 8,460 

Nelsonville, Ohio 6,082 

Nevada, Mo 7,176 

New Albany, Ind 20,629 

Newark, N.J 347,469 

Newark, N.Y 6,2?7 

Newark, Ohio 25,404 

New Bedford, Mass. . . 96,652 

Newbern, N.C 9,961 

Newberry, S.C 5,028 

New Brighton, Pa 8,329 

New Britain, Conn. . . . 43,916 
New Brunswick, N. J . . 23,388 

Newburg, Ohio 5,813 

Newburgh, N. Y 27,805 

Newburyport, Mass. . . 14,949 

Newcastle, Ind 9,446 

New Castle, Pa 36,280 

New Decatur, Ala 6,118 

New Haven, Conn 133,605 

New Iberia, La 7,499 

New Kensington, Pa. 7,707 

New London, Conn 19,659 

Newnan, Ga 5,548 

New Orleans, La 339,075 

New Philadelphia, O . . 8,542 

Newport, Ky 30,309 

Newport, R.I 27,149 

Newport News, Va 20,205 

New Rochelle, N. Y. . . 28,867 

Newton, Kan 7,862 

Newton, Mass 39,806 

Newton Center, Mass. 6,000 
Newtonville, Mass! .... 5,700 

New Ulm, Minn 5,648 

New York, N. Y. .. .4,776,883 
Niagara Falls, N. Y.. . 30,445 

Niles, Mich 5,156 

Niles, Ohio 8,361 

Noblesville, Ind 5,073 

Norfolk, Neb 6,025 

Norfolk, Va 67,452 

Norristown, Pa 27,875 

North Adams, Mass. . . 22,019 
Northampton, Mass. . . 19,431 

Northampton, Pa 8,729 

North Andover, Mass. 5,210 
North Attleboro, Mass. 7,910 
North Br addock , Pa . . . 1 1 ,824 
North Plainfield, N.J. . 6,117 
North Tarrytown.N.Y. 5,421 



Principal Cities of the United States — Continued 



North Tonawanda.N.Y 11,955 


Pierre, S. Dak.* 


. . 3,656 


Rock Island, 111 


. 24,335 


North Yakima, Wash. 14,082 


Pinebluff, Ark 


.. 15,102 


Rockland, Me. ..... 


. 8,174 


Norwalk, Conn. . . . 


. . 6,954 


Piqua, Ohio 


.. 13,388 


Rock Springs, Wyo. . 


. 5,778 


Norwalk.Ohio 


. . 7.85S 


Pittsburg, Kan. 


.. 14,755 


Rockville, Conn 


. 7,977 




.. 20,367 

. . 7,422 


Pittsburg, Pa r! 


. .533,905 


Rocky mount, N. C. . . 
Rome, Ga 


. 8,051 
. 12,099 


Norwich, N. Y 


Pittsfield, Mass 


.. 32,121 


Norwood, Mass .... 


. . 7,910 


Pittston, Pa 


.. 16,267 


Rome, N. Y 


. 20,497 


Norwood, Ohio 


... 16,185 


Plainfield, N. J. . . , . 


. . 20,550 


Roosevelt, N. J 


. 5,786 


Nutley, N. J 


. . 6,009 


Plattsburg, N. Y 


.. 11,138 


Rosedale, Kan 


. 5,960 


Oakland, Cal 


..150,174 


Plymouth, Mass. . . . 


.. 11,200 


Roswell, N. M 


. 6,172 


Oak Park, 111 


.. 19,444 


Plymouth, Pa 


.. 16,996 


Rumford Falls, Me. . 


. 5,427 




. . 5,629 


Pocatello, Idaho. . . . 
Pomona, Cal 


.. 9,110 
. . 10,207 


Rutherford, N. J. ... 
Rutland, Vt 


. 7,045 


Oelwein, Iowa 


. . 6,028 


. 13,546 


Ogden.Utah 


.. 25,580 


Pontiac, 111 


. . 6,090 


Saco, Me 


. 6,583 


Ogdensburg, N. Y. . 


.. 15,933 


Pontiac, Mich 


. . 14,532 


Sacramento, Cal.* . . . 


. 44,696 


Oil City, Pa 


.. 15,657 


Poplarbluff, Mo. . . . 


. . 6,916 


Saginaw, Mich 


. 50,510 


Oklahoma, Okla 


.. 61,205 


Portage, Wis 


. . 5,440 


St. Albans, Vt 


. 6,381 


Oldforge, Pa 


.. 11,324 


Port Arthur, Tex. . . 


. . 7,663 


Saint Augustine, Fla. 


. 5,494 


Oldtown, Me 


. . 6,317 


Port Chester, N. Y.. 


. . 12,809 


St. Bernard, Ohio . . . 


. 5,002 


Olean, N. Y 


.. 14,743 


Port Huron, Mich. . 


. . 18,863 


St. Charles, Mo 


. 9,437 


Olney, 111 


. . 5,011 


Port Jervis, N. Y. . . 


. . 9,564 


St. Clair, Pa. (Alle- 




Olympia, Wash.*. . . 


. . 6,996 


Portland, Ind 


. . 5,130 


gheny Co.) 


. 5,640 


Olyphant, Pa 


. . 8,505 


Portland, Me 


. . 58,571 


St. Clair, Pa. (Schuyl- 




Omaha, Neb 


. . 124,096 


Portland, Ore 


..207,214 


kill Co.) 


. 6,455 


Oneida, N. Y 


. . 8,317 


Portsmouth, N. H. . . 


. 11,269 


St. Cloud, Minn 


. 10,600 


Oneonta, N. Y 


. . 9,491 


Portsmouth, Ohio . . 


. . 23,481 


St. Johnsbury, Vt. . . 


. 7,000 


Orange, N. J 


. . 29,630 


Portsmouth, Va. . . . 


. . 33,190 


St. Joseph, Mich 


. 5,936 


Orange, Tex 


. . 5,527 


Pottstown, Pa 


. . 15,599 


St. Joseph, Mo 


. 77,403 


Orangeburg, S.C. . . . 


. . 5,906 


Pottsville, Pa 


. . 20,236 


St. Louis, Mo 


.687,029 


Oshkosh, Wis 




Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 


. . 27,936 


St. Marys, Ohio 


. 5,732 


Oskaloosa, Iowa 


. . 9,466 


Prescott, Ariz 


. . 5,092 


St. Marys, Pa 


. 6,346 


Ossining, N. Y 


.. 11,480 


Presque Isle, Me. . . . 


. . 5,179 


St. Paul, Minn * 


.214,744 


Oswego, N. Y 


.. 23,368 


Princeton, Ind 


. . 6,448 


Salamanca, N. Y. ... 


. 5,792 


Ottawa, 111 


. . 9,535 


Princeton, N. J. ... 


. . 5,136 


Salem, Mass 


. 43,697 


Ottawa, Kan 


. . 7,650 


Providence, R. I.* . 


.224,326 


Salem, N. J 


. 6,614 


Ottumwa, Iowa 


. . 22,012 


Provo, Utah 


. 8,925 


Salem, Ohio 


. 8,943 


Owatonna, Minn. . . 


. . 5,658 


Pueblo, Colo 


. . 44,395 


Salem, Ore.* 


. 14,094 


Owensboro, Ky . .... 


.. 16,011 


Punxsutawney, Pa . . 


. 9,058 


Salina, Kan 


. 9,688 


Owosso, Mich 


. . 9,639 


Putnam, Conn 


. . 6,637 


Salisbury, Md 


. 6,690 


Paducah, Ky 

Painesville, Ohio. . . . 


. . 22,760 




. . 36,587 


Salisbury, N. C 

Salt Lake City, Utah* 


. 7,153 


. . 5,501 


Quincy, Mass 


. . 32,642 


92,777 


Palestine, Tex 


. . 10,482 


Racine, Wis 


. . 38,002 


San Angelo, Tex. . . . 


. 10,321 


Palmer, Mass 


. . 5,950 


Radford, Va 


. . 4,202 


San Antonio, Tex. . . . 


. 96,614 


Pana, 111 


. . 6,055 


Rahway.N. J 


. . 9,337 


San Bernardino, Cal. . 


. 12,779 


Paragould, Ark 


. . 5,248 


Raleigh, N. C* 


. . 19,218 


San Diego, Cal 


. 39,578 


Paris, 111 




Rankin Station, Pa. 
Raton, N. M 


. . 6,042 
. . 5,100 


Sandusky, Ohio 

Sanford, Me 


. 19,989 


Paris, Ky . .'. 


. . 5,859 


. 9,049 


Paris, Tex 


.. 11,269 


Ravenna, Ohio .... 


. . 5,310 


San Francisco, Cal. . 


.416,912 


Park, Tenn 


. . 5,126 


Reading, Pa 


. . 96,071 


San Jose, Cal 


. 28-,946 


Parkersburg, W. Va. 


;. 17,842 


Red Bank, N.J 


. . 7,398 


San Luis Obispo, Cal. 


5,157 


Parsons, Kans 


.. 12,463 


Redlands, Cal. ..... 


. . 10,449 


San Rafael, Cal 


. 5,934 


Pasadena, Cal 


.. 30,291 


Red Wing, Minn. . . 


. . 9,048 


Santa Ana, Cal 


. 8,429 




.. 54,773 


Reno, Nev 


. . 10,867 


Santa Barbara, Cal. . 


. 11,659 


Paterson, N. J 


. . 125,600 


Rensselaer, N. Y. 


. . 10,711 


Santz Cruz, Cal 


. 11,146 


Pawtucket, R. I 


.. 51,622 


Revere, Mass 


. . 18,219 


Santa Fe, N. M* . . . 


. 5,072 


Peabody, Mass 


.. 14,910 


Rhinelander, Wis. . . 


. . 5,637 


Santa Monica, Cal. . 


. 7,847 


Peekskill, N. Y 


.. 15,245 


Richmond, Cal 


. . 6,802 


Santa Bosa, Cal 


. 7,817 


Pekin, 111 


. . 9,S97 


Richmond, Ind 


. . 22,324 


Sapulpa, Okla 


. 5,000 


PennYan.N.Y 


. . 4,597 


Richmond, Ky 


. . 5,340 


Saratoga Springs, N. Y 


. 12,693 


Pensacola, Fla 


. . 22,982 


Richmond, Va.* .... 


. . 127,628 


Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. 12,615 


Peoria, 111 


. . 66,950 


Ridgewood, N. J. . . . 


. . 5,416 


Savannah, Ga 


. 65,064 


Perth Amboy, N. J. . 
Peru, 111 


. . 32,121 


Ridgway, Pa 

Riverside, Cal 


. . 5,408 




. 6,426 


. . 7,984 


. . 15,212 


Schenectady, N. Y. . 


. 72,826 


Peru, Ind 


.. 10.910 


Roanoke, Va 


. . 34,874 


Scottdale, Pa 


. 5,456 


Petaluma, Cal 


. . 8,580 


Rochester, Minn. . . 


. . 7,844 


Scranton, Pa 


. 129,867 


Petersburg, Va 


.. 24,127 


Rochester, N. H. . . 


. . 8,868 


Seattle, Wash 


.237,194 


Philadelphia, Pa 


.1,549,008 


Rochester, N. Y. . . . 


..218,149 


Sedalia, Mo 


. 17,822 


Phillipsburg, N.J... 


.. 13,903 


Rochester, Pa 


. . 5,903 


Selma, Ala 


. 13,649 


Phoenix, Ariz.*. . . . 


.. 11,134 


Rockford, 111 


.. 45,401 


Seneca Falls, N. Y. . 


. 6,588 


Phoenixville.Pa 


.. 10,743 


Rockhill, S. C 

1009 


. . 7,216 


Seymour, Ind 


. 6,305 



Principal Cities of the United States — Continued 



Shamokin, Pa 19,588 

Sharon, Pa 15,270 

Sharpsburg, Pa 8,153 

Shawnee, Okla 12,474 

Sheboygan, Wis 26,398 

Shelbyville, Ind 9,500 

Shenandoah, Pa 25,774 

Sheridan, Wyo 8,408 

Sherman, Tex 12,412 

Shreveport, La 28,015 

Sidney, Ohio 6,607 

Sioux City, Iowa 47,828 

Sioux Falls, S. Dak. . . 14,094 

Skowhegan, Me 5,341 

Solvay, N. Y 5,139 

Somersworth, N. H. . . 6,704 

Somerville, Mass 77,236 

Somerville, N. J 5,060 

South Amboy, N.J 7,007 

South Bend, Ind 53,684 

South Bethlehem, Pa . . 19,973 

Southbridge, Mass 10,210 

So. Framingham.Mass. 9,100 
South Haven, Mich. .. 6,000 
So. Manchester, Conn. 9,000 
South Milwaukee, Wis. 6,092 
South Norwalk, Conn. 8,968 

South Omaha, Neb 26,259 

South Orange, N. J 6,014 

South Portland , Me . . . 7,471 

South Sharon, Pa 10,190 

Spartanburg, S. C 17,517 

Spencer, Mass 6,500 

Spokane, Wash 104,402 

Springfield, 111* 51,678 

Springfield, Mass 88,926 

Springfield, Mo 35,201 

Springfield, Ohio 46,921 

Spring Valley, 111 7,035 

Stamford, Conn 25,138 

Staunton, 111 5,048 

Staunton, Va 10,604 

Steelton, Pa 14,246 

Sterling, 111 7,467 

Steuben ville, Ohio 22,391 

Stevens Point, Wis 8,692 

Stillwater, Minn. 10,198 

Stockton, Cal. . .•; 23,253 

Stoneham, Mass 6,910 

Streator, 111 14,253 

Suffolk, Va 7,600 

Sulphur Springs, Tex . . 5,151 

Summit, N.J 7,500 

Sumter, S. C 8,109 

Sunbury, Pa 13,770 

Superior, Wis 40,384 

Swampscott, Mass. . . . 5,910 

Swissvale, Pa 7,381 

Swoyersville, Pa 5,396 

Syracuse, N. Y 137,249 

Tacoma,Wash 83,743 

Talladega, Ala 5,854 

Tallahassee, Fla.* 5,018 

Tamaqua, Pa 9,462 

Tampa, Fla 37,782 

Tarentum.Pa. 7,414 

Tarry town, N. Y 5,600 

Taunton, Mass 34,259 

Taylor, Pa 9,060 



Taylor, Tex 5,314 

Taylorville, III 5,446 

Temple, Tex 10,993 

Terre Haute, Ind 58,157 

Terrell, Tex 7,050 

Texarkana, Ark 5,655 

Texarkana, Tex 9,790 

Thomasville, Ga 6,727 

Thompsonville, Conn. 6,000 
Three Rivers, Mich... 5,072 

Throop, Pa 5,133 

Tiffin, Ohio 11,894 

Titusville, Pa 8,533 

Toledo, Ohio 168,497 

Tombstone, Ariz 5,000 

Tonawanda, N. Y 8,290 

Topeka, Kan.* 43,684 

Torrington, Conn 15,483 

Traverse City, Mich. . . 12,115 

Trenton, Mo 5,656 

Trenton, N. J.* 96,815 

Trinidad, Colo 10,204 

Troy, N. Y 76,813 

Troy, Ohio 6,122 

Tucson, Ariz 13,193 

Tulsa, Okla 18,182 

Turners Falls, Maes. . . 5,200 

Tuscaloosa, Ala 8,407 

Twin Falls, Idaho 5,258 

Tyler, Tex 10,400 

Tyrone, Pa :. 7,176 

Union, N.J 21,023 

Union, S. C 5,623 

Uniontown, Pa 13,344 

Urbana', III 8,245 

Urbana, Ohio 7,739 

Utica, N. Y 74,419 

Valdosta, Ga 7,656 

Vallejo, Cal 11,340 

Valley City, N. Dak . . . 5,100 

Valparaiso, Ind 6,987 

Vancouver, Wash 9,300 

Van Wert, Ohio 7,157 

Vicksburg, Miss 20,814 

Vincennes, Ind 14,895 

Vineland, N. J 5,282 

Virginia, Minn 10,473 

Wabash, Ind 8,687 

Waco, Tex 26,425 

Wahpeton, N. Dak 5,100 

Wakefield, Mass 11,310 

Walla Walla, Wash. . . . 19,364 
Wallingford, Conn.... 8,690 

Waltham, Mass 27,834 

Wapakoneta, Ohio 5,349 

Ware, Mass 8,000 

Warren, Ohio 11,081 

Warren, Pa 11,080 

Warren, R. I..., 6,450 

Washington, D. C 331,069 

Washington, Ind 7,854 

Washington, N. C 6,211 

Washington C. H., O. . 7,277 

Washington, Pa 18,778 

Waterbury, Conn 73,141 

Waterloo, Iowa 26,693 

Watertown, Mass 12,800 



Waterville, Me 11,458 

Watervliet, N. Y 15,074 

Watkins, N. Y 5,000 

Waukegan, 111 16,069 

Waukesha, Wis 8,740 

Wausau, Wis 16,560 

Waxahachie, Tex 6,205 

Way cross, Ga 14,485 

Waynesboro, Pa 7,199 

Weatherford, Tex 5,074 

Webb City, Mo 11,817 

Webster, Mass 10,210 

Webster, Iowa 5,208 

Webster Groves, Mo.. 7,080 

Weehawken, N. J 11,228 

Wellington, Kan 7,034 

Wellston, Mo 7,312 

Wellston, Ohio 6,875 

Wellsville, Ohio 7,769 

West Allis, Wis 6,645 

Westbrook, Me 8,281 

West Chester, Pa 11,767 

Westerly, R.I 8,100 

Westfield, Mass 15,000 

Westfield, N. J 6,420 

West Haven, Conn. . . . 8,543 
West Hoboken, N.J... 35,403 
West Newton, Mass. ,. 7,200 
West New York,' N.J.. 13,560 
West Orange, N. J. . . . 10,980 

West Pittston, Pa 6,848 

West Tampa, Fla 8,258 

Wheeling, W. Va 41,641 

White Plains, N. Y.. . . 15,949 

Whiting, Ind 6,587 

Whitman, Mass 6,000 

Wichita, Kan 52,450 

Wichita Falls, Tex 8,200 

Wilkes Barre, Pa 67,105 

Wilkinsburg, Pa 18,924 

Williamspoit, Pa 31,860 

Willimantic, Conn 11,230 

Wilmerding, Pa 6,133 

Wilmington, Del 87,411 

Wilmington, N. C 25,748 

Wilson, N. C 6,717 

Windber, Pa 8,013 

Winchester, Ky ". . 7,156 

Winchester, Mass 6,000 

Winchester, Va 5,864 

Winfield, Kan 6,700 

Winona, Minn 18,583 

Winsted, Conn 7,754 

Winston Salem, N.C... 22,700 

Winthrop, Mass 10,132 

Winton, Pa 5,280 

Woburn, Mass 15,308 

Woonsocket, R. 1 38,125 

Wooster, Ohio 6,136 

Worcester, Mass 145,986 

Wyandotte, Mich 8,287 

Xenia, Ohio 8,706 

Yazoo City, Miss 6,796 

Yonkers, N. Y 79,803 

York, Neb 6,235 

York, Pa 44,750 

. Youngstown, Ohio 79,066 

Watertown, N. Y 26,730 Ypsilanti, Mich 6,230 

Watertown, S. Dak.. . . 7,010 Zanesville, Ohio 28,026 

Watertown Wis 8,829 

1010 



POPULATION OF CANADA 



The following tables are compiled from the reports of the fifth census 
of Canada, taken June 1, 1911, as officially corrected in 1912: 



GROWTH OF POPULATION IN 1665-1911 



Year 

1665 

1763 

1801 

1825 


Population 

3,251 

70,000 

240,000 

581 920 


Increase 

66,749 

170,000 

341,920 

1,260,345 

1,248,296 


1851 


1,842 265 


1861 ...... 


3,090,561 



Year Population Increase 

1871 3,485,761 395,200 

1881 4,324,810 839,049 

1891 4,833,239 508,429 

1901 5,371,315 538,076 

1911 7,205,364 1,834,049 



GROWTH BY PROVINCES IN 1901-1911 

Provinces 1911 1901 Increase 

Alberta " 374,663 73,022 301,641 

British Columbia 392,480 178,657 213,823 

Manitoba 455,614 255,211 200,403 

New Brunswick 351,889 331,120 20,769 

Nova Scotia 492,338 459,574 32,764 

Ontario 2,523,274 2,182,947 340,327 

Prince Edward Island 93,728 103,259 *— 9,531 

Quebec 2,003,238 1,648,898 354,340 

Saskatchewan 492,432 91,279 401,153 

Northwest Territories 17,196 20,129 *— 2,933 

Yukon 8,512 27,129 *— 18,707 

Totals , 7,205,364 5,371,315 1,834,049 



Increase 

Pv.r cent 

413.08 

119.68 

78.52 

6.27 

7,13 

15.58 

— 9.23 

21.46 

439.48 

—14.57 

—68.73 

34.15 



POPULATION BY PROVINCES AND DISTRICTS, IN 1911 



Population 

Provinces and Districts Male 

ALBERTA 223,989 

Calgary 36,991 

Edmonton 34,567 

Macleod 20,516 

Medicine Hat , . 43,724 

Red Deer „ 37,085 

Strathcona. 28,536 

Victoria 22,570 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 251,619 

Comox-Atlin 30,969 

Kootenay 33,974 

Nanaimo 20,124 

New Westminster .- ; 35,906 

Vancouver City 74,390 

Victoria City 19,089 

Yale and Cariboo 37,167 

MANITOBA 250,056 

Brandon 22,127 

Dauphin 24,384 

Lisgar 12,304 

Macdonald 19,984 

Marquette 18,829 

Portage la Prairie 15,565 

♦Decrease. 1011 



in 1911 




Female 


Total 


150,674 


374,663 


23,511 


60,502 


22,478 


57,045 


13,988 


34,504 


26,882 


70,606 


24,287 


61,372 


20,937 


49,473 


18,591 


41,161 


140,861 


392,480 


11,294 


42,263 


16,798 


50,772 


11,698 


31,822 


19,773 


55,679 


49,512 


123,902 


12,571 


31,660 


19,215 


56,382 


205,558 


455,614 


17,607 


39,734 


19,616 


44,000 


11,197 


23,501 


15,857 


35,841 


14,769 


33,598 


12,385 


27,950 



Total Pop. 
1901 
73,022 
8,362 
12,823 
7,856 
10,804 
10,314 
12,345 
10,518 

178,657 
21,457 
31,962 
22,293 
23,976 
28,895 
20,919 
29,155 

255,211 
25,047 
22,631 
24,736 
23,866 
20,431 
23,438 



Population of Canada — Continued* 



Provinces and Distriots 

Provencher 

Selkirk 

Souris , 

Winnipeg City 

NEW BRUNSWICK.. 

Carle ton 

Charlotte 

Gloucester 

Kent 

Kings and Albert , 

Northumberland 

Restigouche 

St. John City and County. . . 

Sunbury and Queens 

Victoria and Madawaska. . . . 

Westmoreland 

York 

NOVA SCOTIA 

Annapolis 

Antigonish 

Cape Briton N. and Victoria. 

Cape Briton S 

Colchester. . . „. 

Cumberland 

Digby 

Guysborough , 

Halifax City and County .... 

Hants 

Inverness 

Kings. 

Lunenburg . . . *. , 

Pictou 

Richmond 

Shelburne and Queens 

Yarmouth 

ONTARIO 

Algoma, East , 

Algoma, West 

Brant 

Brantford 

Brock ville 

Bruce, North , 

Bruce, South , 

Carleton 

Duflferin 

Dundas 

Durham 

Elgin, East , 

Elgin, West 

Essex, North 

Essex, South 

Frontenac ,, 

Glengarry 

Grenville 

Grey, East 

Grey, North 

Grey, South . . .s 

Haldimand 

Halton 

Hamilton, East 

Hamilton, West 

Hastings, East 

Hastings, West 

Huron, East 

Huron, South 

Huron, West 

Kent, East 

Kent, West 

Kingston 



Population 

Male 
21,732 
28,879 
16,142 
70,110 
179,867 * 
11,034 
10,774 
16,588 
12,435 
15,470 
16,150 

8,434 
26,082 

8,986 

15,086 

22,703 

16,125 

251,019 

9,374 

5,915 
15,435 
28,853 
11,746 
20,708 
10,206 

8,858 
40,061 
10,016 
13,079 
10,995 
17,121 
18,213 

6,828 
12,261 
11,350 
1,299,253 1 
28,938 
17,922 

9,735 
13,750 

8,990 
12,166 
13,284 
14,762 

9,229 

9,048 
13,617 

9,002 
13,469 
19,497 
15,070 
11,492 
10,608 

8,479 
10,145 
13,778 

9,725 
11,045 
11,535 
20,989 
18,644 
13,075 
15,437 

8,090 

9,764 

8,452 
12,137 
16,414 

9,825 
1012 



in 1911 
Female 
18,961 
24,212 
12,907 
58,047 
172,022 
10,412 
10,373 
16,074 
11,941 
14,815 
15,044 

7,253 
27,490 

8,130 

13,136 

21,918 

15,436 

241,319 

9,207 

6,047 
14,453 
24,499 
11,718 
19,835 

9,961 

8,190 
40,196 

9,687 
12,492 
10,785 
16,139 
17,645 

6,445 
11,950 
11,870 
,223,955 
15,690 
10,782 

9,524 
12,867 

9,541 
11,617 
12,965 
13,644 

8,511 

9,117 
12,794 

8,595 
13,246 
18,509 
14,471 
10,452 
10,651 

9,066 

9,505 
13,213 

9,525, 
10,517 
10,673 
18,804 
18,635 
11,903 
15,388 

8,199 

9,744 

8,734 
11,561 
17,883 
10,835 



Tota 
40,693 
53,091 
29,049 
128,157 
351,889 
21,446 
21,147 
32,662 
24,376 
30,285 
31,194 
15,687 
53,572 
17,116 
28,222 
44,621 
31,561 
492,338 
18,581 
11,962 
29,888 
53,352 
23,664 
40,543 
20,167 
17,048 
80,257 
19,703 
25,571 
21,780 
33,260 
35,858 
13,273 
24,211 
23,220 
2,523,208 
44,628 
28,704 
19,259 
26,617 
18,531 
23,783 
26,249 
28,406 
17,740 
18,165 
26,411 
17,597 
26,715 
38,006 
29,541 
21,944 
21,259 
17,545 
19,650 
26,991 
19,250 
21,562 
22,208 
39,793 
37,279 
24,978 
30,825 
16,289 
19,508 
17,186 
23,698 
32,297 
20,660 



Total Pop. 
1901 
24,434 
24 021 
24,222 
42,340 

331,120 
21,621 
22,415 
27,936 
23,958 
32,580 
28,543 
10,586 
51,759 
16,906 
21,136 
42,060 
31,620 

459,574 
18,842 
13,617 
24,650 
35,087 
24,900 
36,168 
20,322 
18,320 
74,662 
20,056 
24,353 
21,937 
32,389 
33,459 
13,515 
24,428 
22,869 
2.182,947 
25,211 
17,894 
18,273 
19,867 
18,721 
27,424 
31,596 
24,380 
21,036 
19,757 
27,570 
17,901 
25,685 
28,789 
29,955 
24,746 
22,131 
21,021 
23,663 
24,874 
21,053 
21,233 
19,545 
24,000 
28,634 
27,943 
31,348 
19,227 
22,881 
19,712 
25,328 
31,866 
19,788 



Population of Canada — Continued 



Population in 1911 Total Pop. 

Provinces and Districts Male Female Total 1901 

Lambton, East 11,267 10,956 22,223 26,919 

Lambton, West 14,901 14,208 29,109 29,723 

Lanark, North 7,018 7,606 14,624 17,236 

Lanark, South 9,904 9,847 19,751 19,996 

Leeds 9,146 9,058 18,204 19,254 

Lennox and Addington 10,131 10,255 20,386 23,346 

Lincoln 17,902 17,527 35,429 30,5 6 

London 21,901 24,399 46,300 37,951 

Middlesex, East 10,666 10,148 20,814 20,277 

Middlesex, No 7,011 6,726 13,737 16,429 

Middlesex, West 8,164 8,050 16,214 18,089 

Muskoka 11,204 10,029 21,233 20,971 

Nippissing 43,284 30,846 74,130 28 309 

Noifolk 13,702 13,408 27,110 29 147 

Northumberland, East 7 10,307 9,620 19,927 20 495 

Northumberland, West 6,356 6,609 12,965 13 055 

Ontario, North 8,797 8,344 17,141 18 390 

Ontario, South 12,263 11,602 23,865 22 018 

Ottawa City 34,790 38,403 73,193 57 640 

Oxford, North ■. 12,691 12,386 25,077 25 644 

Oxford, South 11,355 10,939 22,294 22 760 

Parry Sound 14,460 12,087 26,547 24'936 

Peel 11,644 10,458 22,102 21'475 

Perth, North 15,241 14,994 30,235 29'25© 

Perth, South 9,677 9,270 18,947 20*615 

Peterborough, East 8,028 7,471 15,499 16'29t 

Peterborough, West 12,936 13,215 26,151 20*704, 

Prescott 13,669 13,299 26,968 27'035 

Prince Edward 8,448 8,702 - 17,150 17*864 

Renfrew, North 12,091 11,526 23,617 24-556) 

Renfrew, South 14,209 13,643 27,852 27,676 

Russell 20,188 19,246 39,434 35,166 

Simcoe, East 18,324 16,970 35,294 29,845 

Simcoe, North 12,664 12,035 24,699 26,071 

Simcoe, South 12,621 12,439 25,060 26 399 

Stormont 12,273 12,502 24,775 27,042 

Thunder Bay and Rainy River 42,293 24,956 67,249 28,987 

Toronto Centre 27,550 25,575 53,125 43,861 

Toronto, East 33,888 35,024 68,912 40,194 

Toronto North 24,499 31,970 56,469 40,886 

Toronto, South 24,312 19,644 43,956 38,108 

Toronto, West 51,593 53,698 105,291 44,991 

Victoria 19,068 17,431 36,499 38,511 

Waterloo, N 16,616 17,003 33,619 27,124 

Waterloo, South 14,475 14,513 28,988 25,470 

Welland 22,272 19,891 42,163 31,588 

Wellington, North 11,366 10,926 22,292 26,120 

Wellington, South 16,265 15,935 32,200 29,526 

Wentworth 17,724 16,910 34,634 26,818 

*York, Center 13,827 12,221 26,048 21,505 

York, North 11,456 10,959 22,415 22,419 

York, South. 34,703 33,315 68,018 20,699 

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND . . . 47,069 46,659 93,728 103,259 

Kings 11,598 11,038 22,636 24,725 

Prince 16,551 16,228 32,779 35,400 

Queens , . 18,920 19,393 38,313 43,134 

QUEBEC 1,011,247 991.465 2,002,712 1,648,898 

Argenteuil 8,657 8,109 16,766 16,407 

Bagot 9,135 9,071 18,206 18,181 

Beauce 26,035 25,364 51,399 43,129 

Beauharnois 10,640 10,162 20,802 21,732 

Bellechasse 10,632 10,509 21,141 18,706 

Berthier 9,950 9,922 19,872 19,980 

Bonaventure 14,379 13,731 28,110 24,495 

Brome 6,871 6,345 13,216 13,397 

Chambly and Vercheres 14,327 14,388 28,715 * 24,318 

Champlain 23,293 19,465 42,758 32,015 

Charlevoix 10,649 9,988 20,637 19,334 

Chateauguay 6,647 6,675 13,322 13,583 

1813 



Population of Canada — Continued 

Population in 1911 Total Pop. 

Provinces and Districts Male Female Total 1901 

Chicoutimi and Saguenay 32,729 30,612 63,341 48,291 

Compton 15,655 13,975 29,630 26,460 

Deux-Montagnes 7,002 6,866 13,868 14,438 

Dorchester 12,930 12,166 25,096 21,007 

Drummond and A'rthabaska 21,233 20,357 41,590 38,999 

Gaspe 18,195 16,806 35,001 30,683 

Hochelaga 36,707 38,342 75,049 56,919 

Huntingdon 6,707 6,533 13,240 13,979 

Jacques-Cartier 32,737 32,286 65,023 26,168 

Joliette 11,841 12,070 23,911 22,255 

Kamouraska 10,619 10,269 20,888 19,099 

Labelle 21,131 19,220 40,351 32,901 

Laprairie and Napierville 9,937 9,398 19,385 19,633 

L'Assomption 7,577 7,587 15,164 13,995 

Laval 15,370 14,607 29,977 19,743 

Levis 14,319 14,594 28,913 26,210 

L'Islet 8,538 7,897 16,435 14,439 

Lotbiniere 11,144 11,014 22,158 20,039 

Maisonneuve 85,577 85,401 170,978 65,178 

Maskinonge 8,265 " 8,244 16,509 15,813 

Megantic 16,439 14,875 31,314 23,878 

Missisquoi 8,893 8,573 17,466 17,339 

Montmagny 8,729 8,627 17,356 14,757 

Montmorency 6,606 6,609 13,215 12,311 

Montreal— Ste. Anne 11,402 10,274 21,676 23,368 

Montreal— St. Antoine 23,709 24,929 48,638 47,653 

Montreal— St. Jacques 22,028 22,029 44,057 42,618 

Montcalm 7,066 6,796 13,862 13,001 

Montreal— St. Laurent 27,637 28,223 55,860 48,808 

Montreal— Ste. Marie 27,282 27,628 54,910 40,631 

Nicolet 15,077 14,978 30,055 27,209 

Pontiac 15,634 13,782 29,416 25,722 

Portneuf 15,326 15,193 30,529 27,159 

Quebec Centre 9,267 11,876 21,143 20,366 

Quebec, East 22,457 24,972 47,429 39,325 

Quebec, West 4,370 5,248 9,618 9,149 

Quebec County 12,858 12,986 25,844 22,101 

Richelieu 10,332 10,354 20,686 19,518 

Richmond and Wolfe 20,230 19,261 39,491 34,137 

Rimouski 26,491 24,999 51,490 40,157 

Rouville 6,609 6,522 13,131 13,407 

St. Hyacinthe 10,633 11,709 22,342 21,543 

St. Jean and Iberville 11,062 10,820 21,882 20,679 

Shefford 12,145 11,831 23,976 23,628 

Sherbrooke 11,648 11,563 23,211 18,426 

Soulanges 4,640 4,760 9,400 9,928 

Stanstead 10,301 10,464 20,765 18,998 

Temiscouata 18,650 17,780 30,430 29,185 

Terrebonne 14,592 14,426 29,018 26,816 

Trois-Rivieres and St. Maurice 18,203 17,950 36,153 29,311 

Vaudreuil 5,585 5,454 11,039 10,445 

Wright 24,771 23,561 48,332 42,830 

Yamaska 9,805 9,706 19,511 20,564 

Quebec, Unorganized 1,332 734 2,066 2,405 

SASKATCHEWAN 291,730 200,702 492,432 91,279 

Assiniboia 24,619 17,937 42,556 9,332 

Battleford 28,734 18,341 47,075 6,171 

Humboldt 30,405 21,790 ~ 52,195 2,166 

Mackenzie 22,204 18,354 40,558 13,537 

Moose Jaw 55,101 32,624' 87,725 5,761 

Prince Albert 20,847 15,472 36,319 12,795 

Qu'Appelle 20,053 15,555 35,608 17,178 

Regina 44,478 26,078 70,556 7,703 

Saltcoats 16,019 12,676 28,695 9,479 

Saskatoon 29,270 21,875 51,145 7,157 

YUKON 6,508 2,004 8,512 27,219 

NORTHWEST TERRITORIES 8,673 8,523 17,196 20.129 



1014 



Population of Canada — Continued 
POPULATION BY DOMICILE IN 1901-1911 

1911 1901 

Provinces Rural Urban Rural Urban 

Alberta........ . ... 232,726 141,937 52,399 20,623 

British Columbia 188,796 203,684 88,478 90,179 

Manitoba 255,249 200,365 184,738 70,473 

New Brunswick 252,342 99,547 253,835 77,285 

Nova Scotia... 306,210 186,128 330,191 129,383 

Ontario 1,194,785 1,328,489 1,246,969 935.978 

Prince Edward Island 78,758 14,970 88,304 14,955 

Quebec , 1,032,618 970,094 992,067 656,231 

Saskatchewan 361,067 131,365 73,729 17,550 

Yukon 4,647 3,865 18,077 9,142 

Northwest Territories 17,196 20,129 

Totals 3,924^94 3,280,444 3,349,516 2,021,799 

Increase in rural population in 10 years 574,878, or 17.16 per cent; increase in urban population 
in 10 years 1,258,645, or 62.25 per cent. 

POPULATION OF PRINCIPAL CITIES AND TOWNS, 1901 AND 1911 



Cities and Towns 

ALBERTA 

Calgary 

Edmonton 


1911 

43,704 

24,900 


1901 

4,392 
2,626 
2,072 
1,750 
1.550 

6,130 
6,499 

27.010 

20,9i9 

5,620 

3,901 

2,019 

42,320 

7,117 

9,026 

40,711 

4,964 
4,806 
6,945 . 
40,832 
4,646 
3,191 
9,909 
5,993 
6,430 

4,152 
5,949 
9,117 
9,747 
16,619 


Increase 

39,312 

22,274 


Lethbridge 

Medicine Hat. . . . 




8,050 

5,608 

. . . . 5,579 


5,978 
3,858 
4,029 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 
Nanaimo 


8,306 


2,171 


New Westminster. 
Prince Rupert 




13,199 

4,184 


6,706 
4,180 


Point Grey 




4,320 


4,324 


Vancouver 




100,401 


73,390 


Vancouver, North. 




8,196 


8,191 


Vancouver, South. 




16,021 

' 31,660 


16,026 
9.741 

8,219 


Brandon 


MANITOBA 


13,839 






5,892 


1,991 


St. Boniface 

Winnipeg 

NEW BRUNSWICK 

Fredericton 

Moncton 

St. John 


7,483 
136,035 

7,208 

11,345 

42,511 


5,464 
93.715 

91 
2,319 
1,800 


Amherst 


NOVA SCOTIA 


8 973 


4,009 
252 


Dartmouth 




5 058 


Glace Bay 




16 562 


9,617 

5,787 

772 

4,279 


Halifax 




46,619 


North Sydney. . . . 
Sydney Mines .... 




5,418 

7,470 


Sydney Town. . . . 




17,723 


7,814 


Truro 




.... 6,107 


114 


Yarmouth 






170 


Arnprior 


ONTARIO 


4 405 


253 


Barrie 






471 


Belleville 




9 876 


759 


Berlin 






5,449 
6.513 


Brantford 




23 132 




1015 





Population of Canada - 

Cities and Towns 
Brockville 


- Continued 

1911 
9,374 

10,770 
5,638 
5,074 
7,090 
6,598 
4,299 

16,499 

10,299 
4,522 

15,175 

81,969 
4,400 
4,763 
6,158 

18,874 
6,964 

46,300 
4,663 
9,248 
7,737 
5,362 
6,828 
7,436 

87,062 

12,558 
5,626 

18,360 

11,220 
5,092 

12,484 

14,054 
9,947 

10,984 
6,370 

12,946 

4,150 

376,538 

4,359 

5,318 

17,829 
9,320 

11,198 

5,880 
6,898 
4,752 
4,783 

18,222 
7,300 

10,699 
7,452 
4,300 

18,684 
470,480 

78,190 
9,797 

16,405 
8,420 
7,261 

14,441 
9,449 

11,629 

13,823 

6,254 

30,213 

12,004 


1901 
8,940 
9.068 

4,239 
5.755 
6.704 
3,173 
3,633 
7,866 
4,158 

11,496 

52,634 
4,150 
4,573 
5,202 

17,961 
7,003 

37,976 
3,174 
5,702 
2,530 
1,852 
4,907 
4,394 

59,928 
8,776 
5,156 

11,239 
3,214 
4,188 
9,946 

11,485 
8,176 
7,169 
5,155 
9,959 
2,027 
208,040 
3,537 
1,863 
• 12,153 
8,833 

12,080 

3,826 
4,569 
3,773 
2,511 

13,993 
4,220 
5,561 
7,783 
2,835 
3,958 
267,730 

68,840 
9,210 

11,765 
7,057 
3,256 
9,981 

11,055 
1,898 

1,558 

1,785 

2,249 

113 


Increase 
434 


Chatham 

Cobalt 


1,702 
5,638 
835 
1.335 
— 106 


Cobourg 






1,126 


Fort William 


12,866 




2,433 
364 

3,679 

29,335 

250 

190 

956 


Goderich , 

Hamilton 

Ingersoll 


Kingston 

London 

Niagara Falls '. 


913 

—39 
8,324 
1,489 
3,546 




5,207 


North Toronto 


3,510 




1,921 


Oshawa 

Owen Sound , 


3,042 

27,134 

3,782 


Peterboro 


470 
7,121 
8,006 


Port Hope 


904 




2,538 
2,569 




1,771 


Sault Ste. Marie 

Smith's Falls 

Stratford 

Toronto 

Welland 

Woodstock 

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 

Charlottetown 

QUEBEC 

Chicoutimi 

Fraserville 


3,815 
1,215 
2,987 
2,123 
168,498 

822 
3,455 
5,676 

487 

—882 

2,054 

2,329 

979 

2,272 


Hull 


4,229 


Joliette 


3,080 


Lachine 


5,138 
—331 


Longueuil " 

Maisonneuve 

Montreal. 

Quebec 

St. Hyacinthe 

Sherbrooke 

Sorel 


1,465 

14,726 

202,750 

9,350 

587 

4,640 

1,363 


Thetford Mines 


4,005 


Trois Rivieres 


4,460 


Valleyfield 

Verdun 


—1,606 
9,731 


- SASKATCHEWAN 
Moose Jaw 


12,265 


Prince Albert 


4,469 




27,964 


Saskatoon 


11,891 







VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS IN UNITED 
STATES MONEY 

(Proclaimed by Secretary of the Treasury Oct. 1, 1914, and subject to changes from time to time be- 
cause of the European war.) 



Country 



Argentina . 

Austria-H. . 
Belgium . . 

Bolivia . . . 

Brazil 

British Col- 
onies in 
Aus. and 
Africa . . 

Canada . . . 

Cent. Amer. 
States: 
B. H'nd's 
Cos. Rica 
Gua'mala 

Hond'ras 

Nica'gua 

Salvador 

Chile 



Colombia , 

Denmark 

Ecuador . , 
Egypt 

Finland . . 
France 

Germany . , 
Gt. Britain 
Greece 

Hayti .... 



India 
Italy 



Japan 
Liberia . . . 

Mexico . . . 

Neth'lands . 
N'foundl'd 
Norway . . . 
Panama . . . 
Paraguay . 

Persia 



Peru 

Philip. Isl. . 
Portugal . . . 

Rumania . . 
Russia .... 
S. Domingo 
Servia . 
Siam . . 
Spain . . 



Straits Set . 

Sweden 

Switz'land . 
Turkey . . . 
Uruguay . . 
Venezuela . 



Stand- 
ard 



Gold 



Gold 
Gold, 



Gold 
Gold 



Gold 
Gold 



Gold. 
Gold. 
Silver. 

Silver. 
Gold. 
Silver. 
Gold. 



Gold. 

Gold. 
Gold. 
Gold. 

Gold. 
Gold. 

Gold . 
Gold. 
Gold. 



Gold. 
Gold. 

Gold. 
Gold. 

Gold. 

Gold. 
Gold. 
Gold. 
Gold. 
Silver. 

Gold. 



Gold 
Gold 
Gold 

Gold 
Gold 
Gold 
Gold 
Gold 
Gold 



Gold, 
Gold, 
Gold, 
Gold, 
Gold, 
Gold, 



Monetary Unit 



Crown 

Franc 

Boliviano 

Milreis 

Pound sterling 

Dollar 

Dollar 

Colon 

Peso \ 

Peso 

Cordova 

:o 

:o 

I Shanghai 

Tael \ Haikwan 

-- , ( Canton . 
Dollar 

Crown 

Sucre 

Pound (100 piasters') 

Mark 

Franc 

Mark 

Pound Sterling 

Drachma 

Gourde 

Rupee 

Lira 

Yen 

Dollar 

Peso 

Florin 

Dollar 

Crown 

Balboa 

Peso 

Kran 

Libra 

Peso 

Escudo 

Leu 

Ruble 

Dollar 

Dinar 

Tical 

Peseta 

Dollar 

Crown 

Franc 

Piaster 

Peso 

Bolivar 



Value in 
U.S. 
Gold 
Dollar 



§0.96,5 



.20,3 
.19,3 



.38,9 
.54,6 



4.86,65 
1.00,0 



1.00,0 
.46,5 
.39,8 

.39,8 

1.00,0 

.39,8 

.36,5 

.59,6 

.66,4 

.65,0 

1.00,0 

.26,8 

.48,7 

4.94,3 

.19,3 
.19,3 

.23,8 

4.86,65 

.19,3 

.96,5 

.32,4 
.19,3 

.49,8 
1.00,0 

.49,8 

.40,2 
1.01,4 

.26,8 
1.00,0 



4.86,65 

.50,0 
1.08,0 

.19,3 

.51,5 
1.00,0 

.19,3 
3.71,0 

.19,3 



.56.7 
.26,8 
.19,3 
.04,4 
1.03,4 
.19.3 



Currency : depreciated paper, convertible at 44 
per cent, of face value. 

Member of Latin Union; gold is the actual 

standard. 
12 1-2 bolivianos equal 1 pound sterling. 
Currency: Government paper. Exchange rate 

about $0.25 to the milreis. 



Currency: inconvertible paper, exchange rate 

16 to 18 pesos — $1.00. 
Currency: bank notes. 

Currency: convertible into silver on demand. 
Currency: inconvertible paper; exchange rate 
approximately, SO. 14. 



Currency: inconvertible paper; exchange rate 
approximately, $102 paper to $1 gold. 



The actual standard is the British pound ster- 
ling, which is legal tender for 97 1-2 piasters. 

Member of Latin Union; gold is the actual 
standard. 



Member of Latin Union; gold is the actual 

standard. 
Currency: inconvertible paper; exchange rate 

approximately, $0.29,41. 
(15 rupees equal 1 pound sterling.) 
Member of Latin Union; gold is the actual 

standard. 

Currency: depreciated silver token coins; cus- 
toms duties are collected in gold. 

Mexican exchange rate fluctuating and uncer- 
tain. 



Currency: depreciated paper, exchange rate. 

1,550 per cent. 
This is the value of the gold kran. Currency is 

silver circulating above its metallic value; 

exchange value of silver kran, approximately, 

$0.08.75. 






Currency: inconvertible paper; 
approximately, $0.93,94. 



exchange rate. 



Valuation is for the gold peseta; currency Is 
silver circulating above its metallic value; 
exchange value, approximately, $0.17,94. 



Member Latin Union; gold is actual standard, 
100 piasters equal to the Turkish L. 



1017 



LANGUAGE OF THE FLOWERS 



A cluster of flowers can be made to express any sentiment if care is taker. 
in the selection. 

If a flower is offered reversed, its original signification is contradicted, and 
the opposite implied. 

A rosebud divested of thorns, but retaining leaves, conveys the sentiment, 
"I fear no longer; I hope." Stripped of leaves and thorns, it signifies, "There 
is nothing to hope or fear." 

A full-blown rose, placed over two buds, signifies "Secrecy." 

"Yes" is implied by touching the flower given to the lips; "No," by pinching 
off a petal and casting it away. 

"I am" is expressed by a laurel leaf twined around the bouquet; "I have," 
by an ivy leaf folded together, "I offer you," by a leaf of Virginia creeper. 

SINGLE FLOWERS 



Arbor Vitse — Unchanging friendship. 

Camelia, White — Loveliness. 

Candy-Tuft — Indifference. 

Carnation, White — Disdain. 

China Aster — Variety. 

Clover, Four-Leaf — Be mine. 

Clover, White— Think of me. 

Clover, Red — Industry. 

Columb ine — Folly. 

Daisy — Innocence. 

Daisy, Colored — Beauty 

Dead Leaves — Sadness. 

Deadly Nightshade — Falsehood. 

Fern — Fascination. 

Forget-me-not. 

Fuchsia, Scarlet — Taste. 

Geranium, Horseshoe — Stupidity. 

Geranium, Scarlet — Consolation. 

Geranium, Rose — Preference. 

Golden-rod — Be cautious. 

Heliotrope — Devotion. 

Hyacinth, White — Loveliness. 

Hyacinth, Purple — Sorrow. 

Ivy — Friendship. 

Lily, Day — Coquetry. 

Lily, White — Sweetness. 

Lily, Yellow — Gayety. 

Lily, Water — Purity of heart. 

Lily of the Valley — Unconscious sweetness. 

Mignonette — Your qualities surpass your 

charms. 
Monkshead — Danger is near. 
Myrtle — Love. 
Oak — Hospitality. 
Orange Blossoms — Chastity. 
Pansy — Thoughts. 
Passion Flower — Faith. 
Primrose — Inconstancy. 
Rose — Love. 

Rose, Damask — Beauty ever new. 
Rose, Yellow — Jealousy. 
Rose, White — I am worthy of you. 



Rosebud, Moss — Confession of Love. 

Smilax — Constancy. 

Straw — Agreement. 

Straw, Broken — Broken Agreement. 

Sweet Pea — Depart. 

Tuberose — Dangerous Pleasures. 

Thistle — Sternness. 

Verbena — Pray for me. 

White Jasmine — Amiability. 

Witch Hazel— A spell. 



IN COMBINATIONS 



Moss Rosebud, 
Myrtle. 
Mignonette, 
Colored Daisy. 
Lily of the Valley, 
Ferns. 

Yellow Rose, 
Broken Straw, 
Ivy. 

Scarlet Geranium, 
Passion Flower, 
Purple Hyacinth, 
Arbor Vitse. 

Columbine, Day 
Lily , Broken Straw, 
Witch Hazel, 
Colored Daisy. 
White Pink, 
Canary Grass, 
Laurel. 
Golden-rod, 
Monkshead, 
Sweet Pea, 
Forget-me-not. 



A confession 

of love. 

Your qualities surpass 

your charms of beauty. 
1 Your unconscious sweet- 
j ness has fascinated me. 

Your jealousy has broken 
our friendship. 

I trust you will find con- 
solation, through faith, in 
your Borrow; be assured 
of my unchanging friend- 
J shir}. 

Your folly and coquetry 
have broken the spell of 
your beauty. 

Your talent and perse- 
verance will win you 
glory. 

Be cautious: danger is 
near; I depart soon; for- 
get-me-not. 



1018 



EVERYONE HIS OWN WEATHER PROPHET 



II 



Almanac predictions can be nothing but conjecture, the earth's subjection 
to many unknowable and undeterminable forces rendering such calculations 
impossible. It is practicable, however, by the following rules, drawn from actual 
results during very many years and applied with due regard to the subjects of 
solar and lunar attraction with reference to this planet, to foresee the kind of 
weather most likely to follow the moon's change of phase: 






PROGNOSTICATIONS 



If New Moon, First Quarter, Full 
Moon or Last Quarter happens 



In Summer 



In Winter 



Between midnight and 

2 

4 

6 

8 
10 
12 

2 

4 



10 



2 A.M. 

4 " 

6 " 

8 " 

10 " 

12 " 

2 p.m. 

4 " 



8 " 
10 " 
midnight 



Fair (1 and 2) 

Cold and showers .... 

Rain 

Wind and rain 

Changeable 

Frequent showers (3) 

Very rainy (4) 

Changeable 

Fair 

Fair if wind N. W. . 
Rainy if S., or S. W. . 
Fair 



Frost, unless wind is S. W. (7) 

Snow and stormy 

Rain. 

Stormy. 

Cold rain if wind W., snow if E. 

Cold and high wind. 

Snow or rain. 

Fair and mild. 

Fair. 

Fair and frosty if wind N. or N. E. 

Rain or snow if S. or S. W. 

Fair and frosty. 



Observations. — 1. The nearer the moon's change, first quarter, full and last 
larter to midnight, the fairer will be the weather during the next seven days. 

2. The space for this calculation occupies from ten at night till two next 
>rning. 

3. The nearer to midday or noon the phase of the moon happens, the more 
foul or wet weather may be expected during the next seven days. 

4. The space for this calculation occupies from ten in the forenoon to two 
in the afternoon. These observations refer principally to summer, though they 
affect spring and autumn in the same ratio. 

5. The moon's change, first quarter, full and last quarter happening during 
six of the afternoon hours, i. e., from four to ten, may be followed by fair weather, 
but this is mostly dependent on the wind, as is noted in the table. 

6. Though the weather, from a variety of irregular causes, is more uncer- 
tain in the latter part of autumn, the whole of winter and the beginning of 
spring, yet, in the main, the above observations will apply to these periods also. 

7. To prognosticate correctly; especially in those cases where the wind is 
concerned, the observer should be within sight of a vane where the four cardinal 
points of the compass are correctly placed. 



1019 



FACTS ABOUT THE EARTH 



According to Clark, the equatorial semi-diameter of the earth is 20,926,202 
feet=3,963.296 miles, and the polar semi-diameter is 20,854,895 feet=3,950.738 
miles. One degree of latitude at the pole=69.407 miles. One degree of latitude 
at the equator=68.704 miles. 

POPULATION OF THE EARTH BY CONTINENTS 

(From estimates by the National Geographical Society) 





Area in Sq. Miles 


Inhabitants 


Continental Divisions 


Number 


Per Sq. 
Mile 


Africa 


11,513,579 
8,037,714 
6,851,306 

17,057,666 


180,000,000 

130,000,000 

35,000,000 

900,000,000 


16 
17 

5.2 
52.76 




America, South 








3,456,290 
3,754,282 
6,970,268 


8,000,000 

450,000,000 

300,000 


2.31 
121 
0.05 




Polar Region 


Total 


57,641,102 


1,732,000,000 


30 







Ravenstein's estimate of the earth's fertile region, in square miles, is 
28,269,200; steppe, 13,901,000; desert, 4,180,000; polar regions, 4,888,800. 

The population of the earth at the death of the Emperor Augustus, esti- 
mated by Bodio, was 54,000,000. The population of Europe hardly exceeded 
50,000,000 before the fifteenth century.— Mulhall. 

The area and cubic contents of the earth, according to the data of Clark, 
given above, are: Surface, 196,971,984 square miles; cubic contents, 259,944,- 
035,515 cubic miles. 

Murray-Challenger expedition states the greatest depth of the Atlantic 
Ocean at 27,366 feet; Pacific Ocean, 30,000 feet; Indian Ocean, 18,582 feet; 
Southern Ocean, 25,200 feet; Arctic Ocean, 9,000 feet. The greatest depth of 
the Pacific Ocean yet found was obtained by the U. S. collier "Nero" on Novem- 
ber 14, 1899, when soundings near the island of Guam showed 31,614 feet. 
The Atlantic Ocean has an area, in square miles, of 24,536,000; Pacific Ocean, 
50,309,000; Indian Ocean, 17,084,000; Arctic Ocean, 4,781,000; Southern 
Ocean, 30,592,000. The highest mountain is believed to be Deodhunga, one of 
the Himalayas, 29,002 feet. 

Of the 1,732,000,000 inhabitants of the globe, about 600,000,000 speak 
the principal European tongues, the English leading with 160,000,000; and of 
the total number it is estimated that about one-third are Christians. 



1020 







HE METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS 
AND MEASURES 



MEASURES 


OF LENGTH 


Metric Denominations and Values 


Equivalents in Denominations in Use 


Myriameter 10,000 meters 

Kilometer 1,000 meters 


6.2137 miles. 


0.62137 mile, or 3,280 feet 


Hectometer 100 meters 

Dekameter 10 meters 


and 10 inches. 

328 feet and 1 inch. 

393. 7 inches. 


Meter 1 meter 


39.37 inches. 


Decimeter. xs - of a meter 

Centimeter t^o of a meter 


3.937 inches. 


0.3937 inch. 


Millimeter ToVo of a meter 


0.0394 inch. 



MEASURES OF SURFACE 



Metric Denominations and Values 


Equivalents in Denominations in Use 


• Hectare 10,000 square meters 

Are 100 square meters 

Centare 1 square meter 


2.471 acres. 


] 


19.6 square yards. 
550 square inches. 


1 




MEASURES OF CAPACITY 


Metric Denominations and Values 


Equivalents in Denominations in Use 


Names 


No. of 

liters 


Cubic Measure 


Dry Measure 


Liquid or Wine 

Measure 


Kiloliter... 

or Stere. 

Hectoliter. 

Dekaliter.. 

Liter 

Deciliter. . 
Centiliter.. 
Milliliter.. 


1,000 

100 
10 

1 
F 

100 

Tooo 


1 cubic meter 

to of a cubic meter. . . 
10 cubic decimeters . . . 

1 cubic decimeter 
to of a cubic decimeter 
10 cubic centimeters.. . 

1 cubic centimeter. . . 


1.308 cubic yards. . 

2 bu. and 3.35 pks.. 

9.08 quarts 

0.908 quart 

6.1022 cubic inches. 
0.6102 cubic inch. . 
0.061 cubic inch. . . 


264.17 gallons. 

26.417 gallons. 
2.6417 gallons. 
1.0567 quarts. 
0.845 gill. 
0.338 fluid oz. 
0.27 fluid dram. 



WEIGHTS 



Metric Denominations and Values 


Equivalents in Denom- 
inations in use 


Names 


Number of 
grams. 


Weight of what quantity of 
water at maximum density 


Avoirdupois Weight 




1,000,000 

100,000 

10,000 

1,000 

100 

10 

1 

1 

F 

Too 
T07T0- 


1 cubic meter 


2,204.6 pounds. 
220.46 pounds. 
22.046 pounds. 
2.2046 pounds. 
3.5274 ounces. 




1 hectoliter 


Myriagram 

Kilogram or Kilo. . 

Hectogram 

Dekagram 

Gram 


10 liters 


1 liter 


1 deciliter. . 


10 cubic centimeters 

1 cubic centimeter 

T V of a cubic centimeter. . . 
10 cubic millimeters 

1 cubic millimeter 


0.3527 ounce. 
15.432 grains. 


Decigram 


1.5432 grains. 


Centigram 

Milligram 


0.1543 grain. 
0.0154 grain. 






1021 


- 



TIME AND ITS VARIATIONS 

Points at which the principle railroads lhange time 
BETWEEN EASTERN AND CENTRAL STANDARD TIME ZONES. 






Time-breaking points. 



Railroads. 



Longitude 

west of 
Greenwich. 



Minutes of 

time east 

or west of 

normal time 

breaking 

line. 



Minutes by which 
local mean time 
differs from stand- 
ard time. 



Buffalo, N. Y. 
Detroit, Mich. 



Pittsburgh, Pa 

Holloway, Ohio 

Wheeling, W. Va 

New Castle Junction, Pa . 

Erie, Pa 

Marion, Ohio 

Dayton, Ohio : . . . 

Parkersburg, W. Va. . . . . 

Kenova, W. Va 

Huntington, W. Va 

Williamson, W. Va. . . . . , 

Norton, Va , 

Bristol, Tenn.-Va 

Asheville, N. C '. . . 

Columbia, S. C 

Atlanta, Ga 

Central Junction, Ga. . . . 
Augusta, Ga 



New York Central 

Michigan Central; Grand 
Trunk; Wabash. 

Pennsylvania Lines 

Baltimore & Ohio 

....do 



....do 

Pennsylvania Lines. 

Erie 

....do 

Baltimore & Ohio . . 
....do 



Chesapeake & Ohio 

Norfolk & Western 

N. & W.;L. &N 

N. & W.; Southern 

Southern 

Seaboard Air Line 

Southern ; Seaboard 

A. C. L.: Southern 

Ga. ; Cent, of Ga.; South- 
ern; C. & W. C 



14* E 
2, W. 

10, E. 
S|, E. 

7, E.. 
8|, E. 
9*. E. 
2*W. 
6*. W 
3|, E. 
*, w. 
*, E.. 
1, E. . 
}. W. 

1, E. . 



5|, E. 
7|, W 
5*. E. 

2, E. . 



44* fast of Central. 
32 slow of Eastern. 

40 fast of Central. 
35* fast of Central. 
37 fast of Central. 
38* fast of Central. 
39* fast of Central. 
32* slow of Eastern. 
36* slow of Eastern. 
33^ fast of Central. 
30* slow of Eastern 
30* fast of Central. 
31 fast of Central. 
30* slow of Eastern. 

31 fast of Central. 
30 fast of Central. 
35* fast of Central. 
37* slow of Eastern. 
35* fast of Central. 

32 fast of Central. 



BETWEEN CENTRAL AND MOUNTAIN STANDARD TIME ZONES. 



Portal, N. Dak 

Williston, N. Dak. . 
Mandan, N. Dak. . . 
Mobridge, S. Dak. . 
Rapid City, S. Dak. 

Pierre, S. Dak 

Long Pine, Nebr. . . 

Alliance, Nebr 

Curtis, Nebr 

McCook, Nebr 

Phillipsburg, Kans . . 
Tucumcari, N. Mex. 
North Platte, Nebr. 
Plainville, Kans. . . . 

Ellis, Kans 

Hoisington, Kans . . . 
Scott City, Kans . . . 
'Dodge City, Kans. . 

Clovis, N. Mex 

Pecos, Tex 

Sixela, N. Mex 

El Paso, Tex 

Do 



M., S. P. &S. St. M 

Great Northern 

Northern Pacific. ....... 

C. M.&St. P 

....do 

Chicago & North Western 

.. ..do 

C. B. &Q 

....do 

....do 

C, R. I. &P 

....do 

Union Pacific 

do 



.. ..do 

Missouri Pacific. 
A..T.&S. F. . . 
....do 



.do. 



A., T. & S. F.-Tex. Pac. 
Colo. So.-F., W. & D. C. 

Texas Pacific 

Gal., Har. & San A 



102 

103 

100 

100 

103 

100 

99 

102 

100 

100 

99 

103 

100 

99 

99 

98 

100 

100 

103 

103 

103 

106 

106 



20*. W... 
24*. W... 
13*. W... 
11*. W... 
23, W.... 
11*. W... 
8V 2 , W... 
21*. W... 

12, W.... 
12*, W... 
7*, W.... 
25, W... . 

13, W.... 

7, W 

8*. W.... 

5, W 

13*. W... 
10, W... . 

23, W... . 

24, W... . 
22, W... . 
36, W.... 
36, W... . 



50* slow of Central. 
54* slow of Central. 
43* slow of Central. 
41* slow of Central. 
53 slow of Central. 
41* slow of Central. 
38* slow of Central. 
51* slow of Central. 

42 slow of Central. 
42* slow of Central. 
37* slow of Central. 
55 slow of Central. 

43 slow of Central. 
37 slow of Central. 
38* slow of Central. 
35 slow of Central. 
43* slow of Centr 
40 slow of Central 

53 slow of Central 

54 slow of Central. 
52 slow of Centra 
66 slow of Centra 
66 slow of Centra 



BETWEEN MOUNTAIN AND PACIFIC STANDARD TIME ZONES. 






115 54 
114 47 
117 16 


13*. W.... 

9, W 

19, W 


43*slowofMountain. 




Northern Pacific 

Oregon Short Line-O. W., 
R. &N. 


39 slow of Mountain. 


Huntington, Oreg 


49 slow of Mountain. 



1022 



Points at which time changes — Continued 
BETWEEN MOUNTAIN AND PACIFIC STANDARD TIME ZONES— Continued. 






,_ 


Railroads. 


Longitude 

west of 
Greenwich. 


Minutes of 

time east 

or west of 

normal time 

breaking 

line. 


Minutes by which 
local mean time 
differs from stand- 
ard time. 




C, M. &St. P 


115 48 
111 59 

111 31 
114 31 

112 50 
114 17 
114 37 


13, W 

2, E 

2*. E 

8, W 

If, W 

7, W 

8i, W 




Ogden, Utah 


Union Pacific; So. Pac. . . 
D. &R. G.; West. Pac. . 
S. P..L. A. & Salt Lake.. 

A., T. &S. F 

do 


32 fast of Pacific. 


Salt Lake City, Utah. . . . 

Caliente, Nev 

Seligrnan, Ariz 

Parker, Ariz 


32 § fast of Pacific. 
38 slow of Mountain. 
31 § slow of Mountain. 
37 slow of Mountain. 









TIME DIFFERENCE 

Between the City of New York and the Principal Foreign Cities 
Earlier than New York 



H.M. 

Antwerp 5 13 . 5 

Berlin 5 49.5 

Bremen 5 31.0 

Brussels 5 13.4 

Buenos Ayres 1 2.4 

Calcutta ' 10 49 . 2 

Constantinople 6 51.9 

Dublin 4 30.5 

Edinburgh 4 43 . 2 

Geneva. 5 20 . 5 

Hamburg 5 35.8 



Liverpool 4 

London 4 

Madrid 4 

Paris ' . . . 5 

Rio de Janeiro 2 

Rome 5 

Petrograd 6 

Valparaiso 

Vienna 6 

Halifax 



t.M. 

43.6 

55.9 

41.1 

5.2 

3.2 

45.8 

57.1 

9.3 

1.2 

41.5 



Earlier than New York 



H.M. 

Havana 33.5 

Hong Kong 11 27.4 

Melbourne 9 24.2 



Mexico, City of 1 40. 

Panama .- 22. 

Yokohama 9 45. 



STATE FLOWERS 



Alabama Golden Rod 

Arizona Ocotillo 

Arkansas Apple Blossom 

California Golden Poppy 

Colorado Columbine 

Connecticut r . . . Mountain Laure 1 

Delaware Peach Blossom 

District of Columbia Nasturtium 

Florida Orange Blossoms 

Georgia Cherokee Rose 

Idaho Syringa 

Illinois The Native Violet 

Indiana Carnation 

Iowa Wild Rose 

Kansas Sunflower 

Kentucky Golden Rod 

Louisiana Magnolia 

Maine Pine Cone and Tassel 

Maryland Black Eyed Susan 

Michigan Apple Blossom 

Minnesota Moccasin 

Mississippi Magnolia 



Montana Bitter Root 

Nebraska Golden Rod 

New Jersey _^. . .Golden Rod and Violet 

New Mexico Cactus 

New York R ose 

North Dakota Wild Rose 

Ohio Scarlet Carnation 

Oklahoma Mistletoe 

Oregon Oregon Grape 

Pennsylvania Daisy and Violet 

Rhode Island Violet 

South Dakota Anemone Patens 

Tennessee Golden Rod 

Texas Bluo BoDnet 

Utah Sego Lily 

Vermont Red Clover 

Washington _ Rhododendron 

West Virginia Rhododendron 

Wisconsin Violet 

Wyoming Blue Fringed Gentian 

Hawaii Lehua 



1023 



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VALUABLE HELPS 

TO THE 

STUDY OF LANGUAGES 



SIMPLIFIED SPELLING 

PRINCIPAL COMMERCIAL 
AND FINANCIAL TERMS 
IN SEVEN LANGUAGES 



ENGLISH-FRENCH DICTIONARY 



(1025) 



SIMPLIFIED SPELLING 



ITS RULES AND APPLICATIONS 

The Simplified Spelling Board has published a number of lists of simplifications that are rec- 
ommended by its Advisory Council, and a set of rules, or rather suggestions, for the simplification 
of a considerable number of words that are irregular in spelling. The rules, omitting the examples, 
are here briefly given, as they affect the spelling of the words that follow: 



only. 



RULES FOR SIMPLIFYING SPELLING 

1. ae, ce, or e, not final, use e. 

2. bt, with b silent, omit b. 

3. ea pronounced as short e, drop a. 

4. ea pronounced as a, before r, drop e. 

5. ed or 'd, pronounced d, use d only. 

6. ed or t, the preceding single consonant being doubled before ed and single before t, 

7. ence or ense, use ense. 

8. ette or et, use et. 

9. gh or f, use /. 

10. gh silent, ough or ow, use ow. 

11. ice, pronounced is, use is. 

12. He, pronounced il, omit e, but retain He when i is not short. 

13. ine, pronounced in, omit e. 

14. ise, pronounced is, omit e. " 

15. ise or ize, ute ize. 

16. ?te, pronounced it, omit e. 

17. ive, pronounced iv, omit e. 

18. II or J (-i7Z or -I) , use Z. 

19. II or Z (-iZZ, il, ull or wZ) before ful or ness, use Z. 

20. mb with 6 silent, omit b. 

21. m« with n silent, omit n. 

22. oe, as, or e, not final, use e. 

23. our or or, use or. 

24. ph or/, use/. 

25. p/j pronounced /, use /. 

26. rr or r, use r only. 

27. re or er, use er. 

28. s or z (root) , use 3. 

29. s medial, silent, drop. 

30. ue silent, after o, omit we. 

31. ve after J or r, omit 6. 



APPROVED SIMPLIFIED SPELLING 



abandond 

abasht 

abdicativ 

abhord 

ablativ 

abolisht 

abortiv 

abrasiv 

abrest 

abridgment 

absolv 

absolvd 

absorbd 

absorptiv 

abstaind 

abstractiv 

abusiv 

accelerativ 



accessiond 

acclaimd 

accommodativ 

accomplis 

accomplisht 

accouter 

accouterd 

accumulativ 

accurst 

accusativ 

accustomd 

achievd 

a cknowledgment 

acquisitiv 

activ 

adamantin, -ine 

adaptiv 

addrest 



adhesiv 

adjectiv 

adjoind 

adjournd 

adjunctiv 

admesure 

administerd 

administrativ 

admixt 

admonisht 

adoptiv 

adornd 

adventiv 

adversativ 

adz 

affectiv 

affirmativ 

affirmd 

1026 



affixt 

afflictiv 

afformativ 

agast (aghast) 

agglutinativ 

aggressiv 

aggrest 

aggrievd 

agil, -ile 

agitativ 

ahed 

aild 

aile (aisle) 

aimd 

aird 

ake (ache) 

aking (aching) 

alarmd 









alarumd 

alfabet 

alfabetic 

alfabetical 

alfabetize 

abend 

alimentativ 

alkalin, -ine 

allayd 

alliterativ 

allowd 

ailoyd 

allusiv 

alredy 

altwativ 

alterd 

alternativ 

altho 






! 

f 




* 



Simplified Spelling 



amaranthin, -ine 


artizan 


battend 


blabd 


amast 


ascertaind 


batterd 


blackend 


amativ 


askt 


bawld 


blackmaild 


ambusht 


asperst 


bayd 


blackt 


amethystin, -ine 


assaild 


beacht 


blancht 


amphitheater 


assayd 


beacond 


blandisht 


analog 


assertiv 


beakt 


blankt 


analyze 


assest 


beamd 


blazond 


anapest 


assignd 


beaverd 


bleacht 


anatomize 


assimilativ 


becalmd 


bleard 


anchord 


assize 


beckond 


blemisht 


anemia 


associativ 


bedewd 


blencht 


anemic 


assumptiv 


bedimd 


blest 


anesthesia 


asteriskt 


bedizend 


blinkt 


anesthetic 


astonisht 


bedsted 


blisterd 


angerd 


attacht 


befogd 


blobd 


anguisht 


attackt 


befoold 


blockt 


anilin, -ine 


attaind 


begd 


bloomd 


anis (anise) 


attemperd 


beggard 


blossomd 


anneald 


attentiv 


behavior 


blotcht 


annext 


attractiv 


behed 


blubberd 


annotativ 


attributiv 


belabor 


blubd 


annoyd 


auctiond 


belabord 


bludgeond 


annuld 


augerd 


belayd 


bluft 


annunciativ 


augmentativ * 


belcht 


blunderd 


answerd 


augurd 


beld (behed) 


blurd 


anthemd 


auspis 


believd 


blusht 


anticipativ 


authoritativ 


bellowd 


blusterd 


antipyrin 


autobiografer 


belongd 


bobbind 


antitoxin 


autobiografy 


bemoand 


bobd 


anvild 


autograf 


bencht 


bodis (bodice) 


aperitiv 


autograft 


benefis 


•bogd 


apolog 


autum 


benefist 


boild 


apothem 


availd 


benum (benumb) 


bold (boiled) 


appald 


avaris 


benumd 


boldend 


appareld 


averd 


bequeathd 


bolsterd 


appeald 


aversiv 


bereavd 


bookt 


appeard 


avoucht 


beribbond 


boomd 


appellativ 


avowd 


bertht 


boozd 


appertaind 


awakend 


bespatterd 


borderd 


appetitrv 


awd 


bested (bestead) 


boro (borough) 


applicativ 


awnd 


bestird 


borrowd 


appointiv 


ax 


bestowd 


bosomd 


apportiond 


axil 


betokend 


bost (bossed) 


apposit 


axt (axed) 


betrayd 


botcht 


appositiv 


backt 


betterd 


botherd 


appreciativ 


badgerd 


bevel d 


bottomd 


apprehensiv 


baild 


bewaild 


boulderd 


apprentis 


bald (balled) 


bewilderd 


bowd 


apprentist 


balkt 


bewitcht 


bowd 


apprest 


balloond 


biast 


boweld 


apprize 


balmd 


bibd 


bowerd 


approacht 


balusterd 


bibliografer 


bowld 


approbativ 


band (banned) 


bibliografic 


boxt 


approximativ 


bangd 


bibliografy 


bragd 


aprond 


banisht 


bickerd 


braild 


aquilin, -ine 


bankt 


bild (build) 


braind 


arbor 


bannerd 


bild (billed) 


braizd 


arbord 


bans 


bilder (builder) 


brancht 


archeology 


banterd 


bilding (building) 


brandisht 


archt 


barbd 


bilkt 


brast (brassed) 


ardor 


bard (barred) 


billowd 


brattis 


argentin, -ine 


bargaind 


bilt (built) 


brawld 


argumentativ 


bark (barque) 


biografer 


brawnd 


armd 


barkt 


biografic 


brayd 


armistis 


barreld 


biografy 


brazen 


armor 


barrierd 


' bircht 


brazend 


armord 


barrowd 


bissextil, -ile 


brazier 


arraignd 


barterd 


bister 


breacht 


arrayd 


baskt 


bitterd 


breamd 


articulativ 


bastiond 


bivalv 


breathd 


artifis 


batond 


bivalvd 


bred (bread) 



bredth 

breezd 

brekfast 

brest (breast) 

breth (breath) 

brewd 

brickt 

brieft 

brightend 

brimd 

briskt 

broacht 

broadend 

broiderd 

broild 

bronzd 

brookt 

broomd 

brownd 

browzd 

brusht 

bucklerd 

buckt 

buft 

bulbd 

bulkt 

bumpt 

bun 

bunchfr 

bungd 

bur (burr) 

burd (burred) 

burdend 

burgeond 

burld 

burnd (also 

burnt) 
burnisht 
burrowd 
busht 
buskind 
bust (bussed) 
butcherd 
butterd 
buttond 
buttrest 
buzd 

cabald (caballed) 
cabind 
cald (called) 
calendard 
calenderd 
caliber 
caliper 
caliperd 
calkt 
calmd 
calvd 
camfor 
camford 
campain 
campaind 
campt 

canald (canalled) 
canceld 

cand (canned) 
candor 
cankerd 
cannond 
canterd 

canvast (-vased) 
canvast (-vassed) 



1027 



Simplified Spelling 



caparisond 


chirkt 


cockerd 


conditiond 


cornist 


caperd 


chirpt 


cockt 


conduciv 


corporativ 


capt 


chirrupt 


coco 


conductiv 


correctiv 


captaind 


chiseld 


coco-nut 


confederativ 


correlativ 


captiv 


chockt 


coctil, -ile 


conferd 


corroborativ 


captivd 


chopt 


coerciv 


confest 


corrosiv 


careend 


christend 


coeval 


configurativ 


corruptiv 


careerd 


chuckt 


cofferd 


confirmd 


costiv 


carest 


chumd 


coffind 


conformd 


cottond 


carminativ 


churnd 


cogd 


congeald 


coucht 


carold 


cicatris 


cogitativ 


congregativ 


counseld 


caromd 


cifer 


cohesiv 


conjoind 


counterd 


carpt 


ciferd 


coift 


conjugativ 


counterfit 


cartoond 


cigaret 


coild 


conjunctiv 


countervaild 


carv 


cincht 


coind 


connectiv 


courst 


carvd 


circumspectiv 


collapst 


connexiv 


courtmartiald 


cashierd 


circumvolv 


collard 


connotativ 


coverd 


casht 


circumvolvd 


colleag 


conquerd 


cowardis 


catalog 


citrin 


collectiv 


consecutiv 


cowd 


catalogd 


civilize 


collusiv 


conserv 


cowerd 


cataloger 


clackt 


colonize 


conservativ 


cowld 


cataloging 


claimd 


color 


conservd 


cozend 


catechize 


clamberd 


colord 


considerativ 


crabd(pret.&pp.) 


caterd 


clamd (clammed) 


colter (coulter) 


considerd 


crackt 


caucust 


clamor 


colum 


consignd 


cramd 


causativ 


clamord 


columd 


consolidativ 


crampt 


cauterize 


clamperd 


combativ 


constitutiv 


crashfc 


cautiond 


clampt 


combmativ 


constraind 


crawld 


cavernd 


clandestin, -ine 


commandeerd 


constrictiv 


creak t 


cavild 


clangd 


commemorativ 


constructiv 


creamd 


cawd 


clangor 


commiserativ 


consultativ 


creast 


ceast, 


clankt 


commissiond 


consultiv 


creativ 


ceild 


clapperd 


commixt 


consumptiv 


crevis (crevice) 


celd (celled) 


clapt 


commond 


containd 


crevist (creviced) 


cellard 


clasht 


commonwelth 


contaminativ 


cribd 


censord 


claspt 


communicativ 


contemperd 


criminativ 


center 


clast 


commutativ 


contemplativ 


crimpt 


centerd 


clatterd 


companiond 


continuativ 


crimsond 


chafferd 


clawd 


comparativ 


contortiv 


crispt 


chaft (chaffed) 


clayd 


compassiond 


contourd 


criticize % 


chagrind 


cleand 


compast 


contractu, -ile 


croakt 


chaind 


cleard 


compeld ' 


contractiv 


crockt 


chaird 


cleavd 


compellativ 


contradictiv 


crookt 


chalis (chalice) 


clencht 


competitiv 


contributiv 


croond 


chalkt 


clenly (cleanly, 


complaind 


cod tr old 


cropt 


chamberd 


adj.) 


completiv 


controller 


crost 


chamferd 


dense (cleanse) 


composit 


conversiv 


crotcht 


championd 


clerkt 


compositiv 


converst 


croucht 


champt 


clickt 


comprehensiv 


conyext 


crowd 


channeld 


clincht 


compressiv 


conveyd 


crownd 


chapt 


clinkerd 


comprest 


convolv 


crum 


chapterd 


clinkt 


comprize 


convolvd 


crumd 


chard (charred) 


dipt 


compulsiv 


convoyd 


cruncht 


charmd 


cloakt 


computativ 


convulsiv 


crusht 


charterd 


clockt 


conativ 


convulst 


crutcht 


chastend 


cloisterd 


conceald 


cood (cooed) 


crystallin, -ine 


chastize 


clotterd 


conceivd 


cookt 


cubd 


chatterd 


cloyd 


concenter 


coold 


cud geld 


cheapend 


clubd 


concenterd 


cooperativ 


cue (queue) 


check 


cluckt 


concentrativ 


cooperd 


cuft 


checker 


clue 


conceptiv 


coopt 


culd (culled) 


checkerd 


clumpt 


concernd 


copperd 


cumberd 


checkers 


clusterd 


concessiv 


coppis 


- cumulativ 


checkt 


clutcht 


conciliativ 


copt 


cupt 


cheekt 


clutterd 


conclusiv 


copulativ 


curativ 


cheerd 


coacht 


concoctiv 


coquet 


curbd 


cherisht 


coactiv 


concurd 


corallin, -ine 


curld 


chewd 


coagulativ 


concust 


corbeld 


cursiv 


chimera 


coald 


cond (conned) 


corkt 


curst 


chind (chinned) 


coarsend 


condenst 


cornd 


curtaild 


chinkt 


coaxt 


condit (condite) 


cornerd 


curtaind 


chipt 


cobd 


condit (conduit) 
1028 


cornis 


curteous j 



Simplified Spelling 



curv 

curvd 

cushiond 

cutlas 

cyclopedia 

-d for -ed pr. -d 

dabd 

dactyl 

damaskt 

damd (dammed) 

dampen d 

dampt 

darkend 

darnd 

dasht 

dativ 

daubd 

dawnd 

debard 

decalog 

decampt 

decayd 

deceast 

deceivd 

deceptiv 

decifer 

deciferd 

decisiv 

deckt 

declaimd 

declarativ 

decora tiv 

decoyd 

decreast 

ded (dead)' 

deden (deaden) 

dedend 

dedhed 

dedly 

deductiv 

deemd 

deepend 

def (deaf) 

defectiv 

defen (deafen) 

defend (deafened) 

defense 

defensiv 

deferd 

definit 

defmitiv 

deformd 

defrayd 

deignd 

delayd 

deliberate 

deliverd 

delt (dealt) 

delusiv 

delv 

delvd 

demagog 

demeand 

demeanor 

demolisht 

demonstrativ 

demurd 

denominativ 

denotativ 

dentifris 

deposit 



deprecativ 

depreciativ 

depressiv 

deprest 

deraild 

derisiv 

derivativ 

derogativ 

descriptiv 

deserv 

deservd 

desiderativ 

designd 

despaird 

despoild 

destin 

destind 

destroyd 

destructiv 

det (debt) 

detacht 

detaild 

detaind 

detectiv 

determin 

determinativ 

determind 

deth (death) 

dethly 

detractiv 

dettor (debtor) 

develop 

developt 

devild 

devolv 

devolvd 

devourd 

diafram 

diaframd 

diagramd 

diald 

dialog 

dialogd 

dickerd 

dieresis 

differd 

difficil 

diffusiv 

digd 

digestiv 

digressiv 

digrest 

dike 

dilativ 

dimd 

dimensiv 

diminisht 

diminutiv 

dind (dinned) 

dingd 

dipt 

directiv 

disappeard 

disarmd 

disavowd 

disburst 

discernd 

disciplin 

disciplind 

disclaimd 

discolord 

discourst 



discoverd 
discriminativ 
— discursiv 
discurteou3 
discurtesy 
discust 
disdaind 
disfavor 
disfavord 
disharten 
dishartend 
disheveld 
dishonor 
dishonord 
disht 
disjoind 
disjunctiv 
dismayd 
dismemberd 
dismissiv 
dismist 
disorderd 
disownd 
dispatch 
dispatcht 
dispeld 
dispenst 
dispersiv 
disperst 
displayd 
dispositiv 
dispossest 
disruptiv 
disseizd 
dissolv 
dissolvd 
dissuasiv 
distemperd 
distil 
distild 
distinctiv 
distinguish^ 
distractiv 
distraind 
distrest 
distributiv 
disturbd 
ditcht_ 
divertiv 
dizend 
docil, -ile 
dockt 
doctord 
doctrin • 
dodderd 
doft 
dogd 
dolcr 

domicil (I. II.) 
domicild 
domineerd 
donativ 
dond (donned) 
doomd 
dout 
douted 
doutful 
doutless 
dowerd 
downd 
draft 

draftsman 
1029 



drafty 
dragd 


encroacht 


encumberd 


dragoond 


encyclopedia 


draind 


endangerd 


dram 


endeard 
endevor (I. III.) 


dramatize 


drawld 


endevord 


dreamd 


endorst 


dred 


endowd 


dredful 


engin 


dremt 


engineerd 


drencht 


engrost 


drest 


engulft 


drild 


enjoind 


dript 


enjoyd 


driveld 


enlightend 


droopt 


enlivend 


dropt 


enricht 


drownd 


enrold 


drubd 


entaild 


drugd 


enterd 


drumd 


enterprize 


dubd 


enterprizing 


duckt 


entertaind 

enthrald 

entrapt 


ductil, -ile 


duld (dulled) 


dulness 


envelop 


dum (dumb) 


envelopt 


dumpt 


envenomd 


dund (dunned) 


envirohd 
Eolian (Aeolian) 
eon (aeon) 


duplicativ 


dwarft 


dweld (also 


epaulet 


dwelt) 


epilog 


eard 


eponym 


ebd 


equald 


eclipst 


equipt 


eclog 


era 


ecumenical 


erd (erred) 


[-ed pr. -d: see -d] erectil, -ile' 


[-ed pr. -t: see - 


fc] ermin 


edifis 


erosiv 


edile 


eruptiv 


effectiv 


eschewd 


effusiv 


esophagus 


eg 


establisht 


egd 


esthetio 


egis (aegis) 


esthetics 


elapst 


estiv 


elbowd 


estivate 


electioneerd 


etcht 


electiv 


ether 


elusiv 


etiology 


emancipativ 


evasiv 


embankt 


evend 


embarkt 


evolv 


embarrast 


evolvd 
exactiv 


embellisht 


embitterd 


exaggerativ 


emboldend 


examin 


embost 


examind 


embroiderd 


exasperativ 


embroild 


excede (exceed) 


e-missiv 


exceld 


employd 


exceptiv 


empowerd 


excessiv 


enameld 


excitativ 


enamor 


exolusiv 


enamord 


excretiv 


encampt 


exculpativ 


encompast 


excursiv 


encounterd 


execrativ 



Simplified Spelling 



executiv 


fether (feather) 


forener (foreigner) 


gast (gassed) 


growld 


exemptiv 


fetherd 


forfit (forfeit) 


. gastly 


grubd 


exhaustiv 


fetterd 


forkt 


gat herd 


guld (gulled) 


exhibitiv 


feverd 


formativ 


gazel 


gulft 


exhortativ 


fibd 


formd 


geard 


gulpt 


exorcize 


fiber 


fortalis (fortalice) 


gelatin 


gumd 


expansil, -ile 


fiberd 


fosterd 


gemd 


gund 


expansiv 


fictil, -ile 


fotograf (photo-) 


genderd 


gusht 


expatiativ 


figurativ 


fotografer 


gene raid 


gutterd 


expeditiv 


filcht 


fotografic 


generativ 


hackt 


expeld 


fild (filled) 


fotograft 


genitiv 


haild 


expensiv 


filibusterd 


fotografy 


genuin, -ine 


hallood 


expiativ 


fillipt 


fould 


germinat iv 


hallowd 


explaind 


filmd 


founderd 


gibberd 


halterd 


expletiv 


filterd 


foxt 


gigd 


halvd 


explicativ 


fingerd 


fragil, -ile 


gild (guild) 


hammerd 


explorativ 


finisht 


frankt 


gild (gilled) 


hamperd 


explosiv 


fisht 


frayd 


gind (ginned) 


handcuft 


expositiv 


fissil, -ile 


freakt 


gingerd 


handicapt 


expostulate 


fixt 


frequentativ 


gipsy 


hangd 


expressiv 


fizd 


freshend 


girtht 


hankerd 


exprest 


flagd 


fricativ 


gladdend 


happend 


expulsiv 


flaild 


frightend 


glamor 


hapt 


expulst 


flankt 


frild 


glamord 


harang 


exquisit 


flanneld 


friskt 


glast (glassed) 


harangd 


extensiv 


flapt 


fritterd 


gleamd 


harast 


exterminativ 


flasht 


frizd 


gleand 


harbor 


extinctiv 


flattend 


frockt 


glibd 


harbord 


extinguisht 


flatterd 


frolict 


glimmerd 


hardend 


extirpativ 


flavor 


frotht 


glimpst 


harken- 


extold 


flavord 


frownd 


glistend 


harkend 


extractiv 


flawd 


fueld 


glisterd 


harkt 


extrusiv 


flaxt 


fugitiv 


glitterd 


harmd 


facil, -ile 


flayd 


fuld (fulled) 


gloomd 


harnest 


factitiv 


fleckt 


fulfil 


glost 


harpoond 


factord 


flexil, -ile 


fulfild 


glowd 


harpt 


fagd 


flexiv 


fulmin 


glowerd 


harrowd 


fagot 


flext 


fulmind 


gloze 


hart (heart) 


faild < 


flickerd 


fulness 


glycerin 


harten (hearten) 


fallowd 


flickt 


funneld 


gnarld 


hartend 


falterd 


flincht 


furbisht 


gnasht 


harth (hearth) 


famin 


flipt 


furd (furred) 


gnawd 


harty (hearty) 


famisht 


flockt 


furld 


gofferd' 


hasht 


fand (fanned) 


flogd 


furlo 


golft • 


haspt 


fantasm 


floord 


furloed 


good-by 


hastend 


fantastic 


flopt 


furnisht 


gospeld 


hatcht 


fantasy 


flounderd 


furrowd 


gossipt 


hauld 


fantom 


flourd 


furtherd 


gost (ghost) 


hawd 


farmd 


flourisht 


furtiv 


gostly 


hawkt 


fashiond 


flowd 


fusil, -ile 


governd 


hayd 


fastend 


flowerd 


fust (fussed) 


gownd 


heald 


fatherd 


flusht 


futil, -ile 


grabd 


heapt 


fathomd 


flusterd 


gabd 


gracil 


heavd 


fattend 


flutterd 


gagd 


graind 


hectord 


favor 


fluxt 


gage (gauge) 


gram 


hed (head) 


favord 


foald 


gaind 


granit 


-hed (-head) 


favorit (I. II.) 


foamd 


gaiterd 


graspt 


heeld 


fawnd 


fobd 


gald (galled) 


grast 


helmd 


feard 


focust 


gall opt 


graveld 


belpt 


febril, -ile 


fodderd 


gambold 


gravitativ 


helth (health) 


federativ 


fogd 


gammond 


greast 


helthy 


feignd 


foild 


gapt (gapped) 


greend 


helv 


feld (felled) 


followd 


garbd 


gridirond 


helvd 


feminin, -ine 


fonetic (phonetic) 


gard (guard) 


grievd 


hematin 


fermentativ 


fonograf (phono-) 


gardend 


grild 


hemd 


fertil, -ile 


fonografer 


gardian (guardian) 


grind (grinned) 


heroin 


fervor 


fonografic 


garnerd 


gript 


hether (heather) 


fesant (pheasant) 


fonograft 


garnisht 


groand 


heven (heaven) 


festerd 


fonografy 


garrisond 


groomd 


hevy (heavy) 


festiv 


foold 


garterd 


groovd 


hewd 


festoond 


forehed 


gasht 


groupt 


hiccup 


fetcht 


foren (foreign) 


gaspt 

1030 


groveld 


hiccupt 




Simplified Spelling 



hight (height) 


impeditiv 


intransitiv 


Juvenil, -ile 


Ieerd 


hightend 


impeld 


intrencht 


keeld 


legalize 


hild (hilled) 


imperativ 


introductiv 


keend 


legd (also legged) 


hinderd 


imperild 


introspectiv 


kegd 


legislativ 


hipt 


implicativ 


intrusiv 


kend 


lengthend 


hist (hissed) 


impoverisht 


inurnd 


kenneld 


lenitiv 


hitcht 


impr"essiv 


invasiv 


kerchieft 


lent (leant) 


hock (hough) 


imprest 


invectiv 


kernd 


lept (leapt, Eng.) 


hockt 


imprisond 


inveighd 


kerneld 


lessend 


hogd 


impt 


inventiv 


keyd , 


lessond 


hollowd 


impulsiv 


inverst 


kickt 


1 ether (leather) 


homeopathy 


. imputativ 


investigativ 


kidnapt 


letherd 


homested 


-in (-ine, unstrest) 


invocativ 


kild 


letterd 


homonym 


inactiv 


ihvolv 


kingd 


lettis (lettucv ) 


honor 


incensiv 


involvd 


kinkt 


leveld 


honord 


incenst 


inwrapt 


kipperd 


leven (leaved 


hoodwinkt 


incentiv 


irist 


kist 


levend (leavened) 


hooft 


inceptiv 


irkt 


knackt 


leverd 


hookt 


inchoativ 


irond 


knapt 


libeld 


hoopt 


incht 


irrespectiv 


kneeld 


libertin, -ine 


hopt 


incisiv 


irrigativ 


kneld 


license 


hornd 


inclusiv 


irritativ 


knickt 


licenst 


horst 


increast 


isolativ 


knockt 


lichend 


hortativ 


incurd 


-is (-ice, unstrest) 


knold 


lickt 


hostil, -ile 


ind (inned) 


-is (-ise, unstrest) 


knurld 


licoris (licorice) 


hoveld 


indefinit 


-it (-ite, unstrest) 


labeld 


lightend 


hoverd 


indetted 


itcht 


labor 


lighterd 


howld 


indext 


itemd 


labord 


likend 


hucksterd 


indicativ 


iterativ 


lacerativ 


lim (limb) 


huft 


indorst 


-itly (-itely) 


lackerd 


limberd 


hugd 


induciv 


-itness (-iteness) 


lackt 


limd (limbed) 


huld 


inductiv 


-iv (-ive, unstrest) 


lacrimal 


limpt 


hulkt 


infantil, -ile 


-ivly (-ively) 


ladderd 


lingerd 


humbugd 


infectiv 


-ivness (-iveness) 


lagd 


linteld 


humd 


inferd 


-ize (-ise, verb 


lam (lamb) 


lipt 


humor 


infinit 


suffix) 


lamd (lambed) 


lispt 


humord 


infinitiv 


jabberd 


lamd (lammed) 


listend 


humpt 


infixt 


jabd 


lampoond 


liter 


huncht 


inflectiv 


jackt 


lampt 


litterd 


hurld 


inflexiv 


jagd 


languisht 


livd 


hurrahd 


inflext 


jail 


lanternd 


livend 


husht 


inflictiv 


jaild 


lap eld 


liverd 


huskt 


' informativ 


jamd 


lapst 


loaft 


hutcht 


informd 


japand 


lapt 


loamd 


hyacinthin, -ine 


ingraind 


jard (jarred) 


larkt 


loand 


hyalin, -ine 


initiald 


jargond 


lasht 


loathd 


hyphend 


initiativ 


jasmin 


latcht 


locativ 


hypocrit 


inkt 


jaundis 


latherd 


lockt 


hypotenuse 


inquisitiv 


jaundist 


latht 


locomotiv 


idealize 


insectil, -ile 


jawd 


Latind 


lodgment 


idolize 


insinuativ 
instald (installed) 


jeerd 


lattis 


logd 


-il (-ile, unstrest) 


jelous (jealous) 


lattist 


loiterd 


iland (island) 


insted, in sted 


jelousy 


launcht 


lold 


ile (isle) 


instil 


jerkt 


launderd 


longd 


ilet (islet) 


instild 


jessamin 


laureld 


lookt 


illativ 


instinctiv 


jest (jessed) 


lavenderd 


loomd 


illumin 


instructiv 


jew eld 


lavisht 


loopt 


illuminativ 


intellectiv 


jibd 


laxativ 


loosend 


illumind 


intensiv 


jigd 


leacht 


loost 


illusiv 


intentiv 


jiggerd 


leaft 


lopt 


illustrativ 


interd 


jobd 


leag 


lowd 


imagin 


interlinkt 


jogd 


leagd 


lowerd 


imaginativ 


interlockt 


jo ind 


leager 


lowerd 


imagind 


intermixt 


jold (jolled) 


leagerd 


lubricativ 


imbecil, -ile 


internd 


jolterd 


leakt 


lucrativ 


imitativ 


inter pretativ 


joyd 


leand (also lent) 


luft 


immerst 


. interrogativ 


judgment 


leapt (pr. lipt) 


lugd 


immortalize 


intersperst 


judicativ 


leasht 


luld 


impaird 


interstis 


jugd 


least (leased) 


lumberd 


impassiond 


interviewd 


jumpt 


leavd 


lumpt 


impassiv 


intestin, -ine 


justificativ 


led (lead, a metal) 


luncht 


impeacht 


intoxicativ 


justis (justice) 


leden (leaden) 


lupin 



1031 



Simplified Spelling 



lurcht 


missiv 


nickt 


ownd 


performd 


lurkt 


mist (missed) 


nipt 


packt 


perild 


luster 


miter 


niter 


padlockt 


perisht 


lusterd 


miterd 


nobd 


paind 


periwigd 


lyncht 


mittend 


nominativ 


paird 


permissiv 


maddend 


mixt 


nonplust 


palatin, -ine 


perplext 


madderd 


mo and 


noost 


paid (palled) 


perquisit 


maild 


mobd 


notcht 


paleography 


persistiv 


maimd 


mobil, -ile 


notis (notice) 


paleolithic 


perspectiv 


maintaind 


mockt 


notist (noticed) 


paleontology 


persuasiv 


malignd 


modeld 


nourisht 


paleozoic 


pertaind 


malingerd 


modulativ 


novis (novice) 


palliativ 


. perturbd 


malis (malice) 


moild 


nubil, -ile 


palmd 


pervasiv 


mama 


moistend 


nuld (nulled) 


palterd 


perversiv 


mand (manned) 


mold (mould) 


num (numb) 


pamflet 


pesant (peasant) 


maneuver 


molder 


numberd 


pamperd 


pesterd 


maneuverd 


molderd 


numd 


pand (panned) 


petald 


manipulativ 


molding 


nurst 


panderd 


petitiond 


mannerd 


moldy 


nutritiv 


paneld 


petrifactiv 


mapt 


molt (moult) 


oard 


paperd 


phenix 


marcht 


moneyd 


obeyd 


paraffin 


phenomenon 


mard (marred) 


monisht 


objectiv 


paragond 


pickt 


margind 


monitiv 


observ 


paragraf 


picnict 


markt 


monolog 


observd 


paragrafer 


pigmy 


marld 


moond 


obsest 


paragraft 


pild (pilled) 


marlin 


moord 


obstructiv 


paralleld 


pilferd 


maroond 


mopt 


obtaind 


paralyze 


pilgrimd 


marshald 


moralize 


obtrusiv 


parboild 


pillard 


martyrd 


mortard 


occasiond 


parceld 


pillowd 


marveld 


mortis 


occurd 


parcht 


pincht 


masculin, -ine 


mortist 


ocher 


pardond 


pind (pinned) 


masht 


motherd 


odor 


parkt 


piniond 


maskt 


motil, -ile 


offense 


parleyd 


pinkt 


massiv 


motiond 


offensiv 


parlor 


pioneerd 


mast (massed) 


motiv 


offerd 


parst 


pipt 


masterd 


motivd 


ofEs (office) 


partitiond 


pistold 


matcht 


motord 


oger 


partitiv 


pitcht 


materialize 


mournd 


oild 


partizan 


pitht 


matris (matrice) 


mouthd 


oliv 


partnerd 


plaind 


matterd 


mowd 


omber 


passiv 


plaintiv 


mauld 


muft 


omelet 


past 


pland (planned) 


maunderd 


mugd 


omend 


patcht 


planisht 


meager 


mulcht 


oozd 


patrold 


plankt 


meanderd 


muld (mulled) 


opend 


patronize 


plasht 


medald 


mullen 


operativ 


patterd 


plasterd 


medicativ 


mulliond 


opinionativ 


patternd 


playd 


medicin 


muncht 


opposit 


paviliond 


pleacht 


medicind 


murderd 


oppositiv 


pawd 


plenisht 


medieval 


murmurd 


oppressiv 


pawnd 


plesant 


meditativ 


must (mussed) 


opprest 


peakt 


plesure 


medow (meadow) 


musterd 


optativ 


peald 


plow 


mellowd 


mutterd 


orbd 


peckt 


plowd 


memorialize 


nabd 


ordaind 


pedagog 


pluckt 


ment (meant) 


nagd 


orderd 


pedobaptist 


plugd 


mentiond 


naild 


organize 


peeld 


plumpt 


mercantil, -ile 


napt 


orifis 


peept 


plunderd 


mesht 


narrativ 


orphand 


peerd 


poacht 


mest (messed) 


narrowd 


orthopedic 


pegd 


poisond 


mesure (measure) 


nativ 


ostracize .. 


pencild 


pold (polled) 


metald 


naturalize 


ourselvs 


pend (penned) 


polisht 


meter 


neard 


outstretcht 


penetrativ 


polyp 


meterd 


neckt 


outstript 


pensil, -ile 


ponderd 


mewd 


negativ 


outwalkt 


pensiond 


pontoond 


mift 


negativd 


ovend 


pensiv 


poold 


mild (milled) 


neighbor 


overhed 


pepperd 


popt 


mildewd 


neighbord 


overlapt 


perceivd 


portiond 


milkt 


neighd 


overleapt 


perceptiv 


portrayd 


mimict 


nerv 


overlookt 


percht 


positiv 


minisht 


nervd 


overpast 


percussiv 


possessiv 


ministerd 


neutralize 


overstraind 


percust 


possest 


mirrord 


nibd 


overwhelmd 


perfectiv 


potterd 


missil, -ile 


nickeld 


owd 

1032 


perforativ 


poucht 



Simplified Spelling 



poultis 
poultist 
pourd 
powderd 
powerd 

practis (I. IT.) 
practist 
prankt 
prayd 
preacht 
precativ 
preceptiv 
precipis 
preclusiv 
' precursiv 
predestin 
' predestind 
predetermin 
predetermind 
predictiv 
preend 
preferd 
prefixt 
Preformat iv 
prehensil, -ile 
prejudis 
prejudist 
prelusiv 
premis 
prenomen 
prentis 
prentist 
preparativ 
prepositiv 
prepossest 
prerequisit 
prerogativ 
prescriptiv 
presentativ 
preserv 
preservativ 
preservd 
prest 

presumptiv 
pretense 
pretenst 
preterit 
pretermit 
prevaild 
preventiv 
preyd 
prickt 
prigd 
primeval 
primitiv 
prinkt 
prisond 
prist in, -ine 
privativ 
probativ 

procede (proceed) 
productiv 
profest 
profferd 
progd 
program 
progressiv 
progrest 
prohibitiv 
projectil, -ile 
prolog 
prolongd 



promis 


ransomd 


relievd 


ript 


promist 


rap in, -ine 


relinquisht 


riskt 


promotiv 


rapt (rapped) 


relisht 


rivald 


prongd 


rasht 


relm 


roamd 


propeld 


raspt 


remaind 


roard 


proportiond 


rationd 


remarkt . 


robd 


propt 


raveld 


rememberd 


rockt 


propulsiv 


ravend 


remunerativ 


roisterd 


proscriptiv 


ravin d 


renderd 


rold (rolled) 


prospectiv 


ravisht 


renewd 


rompt 


prosperd 


rayd 


renownd 


rooft 


protectiv 


raze 


repaird 


roomd 


protractiv 


reacht 


reparativ 


rosind 


proviskmd 


realize 


repeald 


rowd 


provocativ 


reamd 


repeld 


rowd 


prowld 


reapt 


replenisht 


rubberd 


publisht 


reard 


replevind 


rubd 


puckerd 


reasond 


reprehensiv 


ruft (ruffed) 


pueril, -ile 


rebeld 


representativ 


rugd (pret.) 


puft 


rebuft 


repressiv 


ruind 


pugd 


recald 


represt 


rumor 


puld (pulled) 


receivd 


reprievd 


rumord 


pulst 


receptiv 


reproacht 


rusht 


pumis (pumice) 


recest 


reptil, -ile 


saber 


pumpt 


reckond 


repulsiv 


aaberd 


puncht 


reckt 


repulst 


saccharin, -ine 


pund (punned) 


reclaimd 


requisit 


sackt 


punisht 


recognize 


requisitiond 


saddend 


punitiv 


recoild 


reserv 


safegard 


pur (purr) 


recompenst 


reservd 


sagd - 


purchast 


reconnoiter 


resignd 


saild 


purd (purred) 


reco'nnoiterd 


resistiv 


sallowd ' 


purgativ 


recoverd 


resolv 


saltpeter 


purld 


recreativ 


resolvd 


salvd • 


purloind 


recurd 


respectiv 


sanativ 


purpost 


recurvd 


respit, -ite 


sanctiond 


purst 


red (pret. of read) 


responsiv 


sandald 


purveyd 


reddend 


restiv 


sanguin 


pusht 


redeemd 


restorativ 


sapt 


putativ 


redemptiv 


restraind 


sasht 


quackt 


redout 


restrictiv 


saturativ *" 


quaft 


redoutable 


resumptiv 


saunterd 


quaild 


redouted 


retaild 


savior 


qualitativ 


redrest 


retaind 


savor 


quantitativ 


reductiv 


retaliativ 


savord 


quarreld 


reduplicativ 


retcht 


sawd 


quarterd 


redy (ready) 


retentiv 


saxatil, -ile 


quartet 


reeft 


retoucht 


scabd 


quaverd 


reekt 


retractil, -ile 


scallopt 


queend 


reeld 


retrencht 


scalpt 


queerd 


reevd 


retributiv 


scamperd 


queld 


referd 


retrievd 


scampt 


quencht 


reflectiv 


retrospectiv 


scand 


questiond 


reflexiv 


returnd 


scard 


questor 


reformativ 


revampt 


scarft 


quickend 


reformd 


reveald 


searpt 


quickt 


refractiv 


reveld 


scatterd 


quild ' 


refraind 


reverst 


scepter 


quintet 


refresht 


reviewd 


scepterd 


quipt 


refrigerativ 


revolv 


schoold _ 


quire (choir) 


regaind 


revolvd 


scissil, -ile 


quiverd 


registerd 


ribbond 


scoft 


rackt 


regressiv 


ribd 


scoopt 


ragd (pret.) 


reignd 


rigd 


scorcht 


raild 


reimburst 


rigor 


scornd 


rainbowd 


reind 


rild (rilled) 


scotcht 


raind 


rejoind 


rimd 


scourd 


ramd 


relapst 


rime 


scowld 


rampt 


relativ 


rimer 


scrapt 


rancor 


relaxt 


ringd 


scratcht 


rankt 


relayd 


rinst 


scrawld 


ransackt 


releast 


ripend 


screakt 



1033 









Simplified Spelling 



screamd 


shipt 


slopt 


splayd 


etraitend 


screecht 


shird 


sloucht 


splendor 


strapt 


screend 


shirkt 


slowd 


splinterd 


strawd 


screwd 


shiverd 


slugd 


splotcht 


strayd 


scrimpt 


shoald 


slumberd 


eplutterd 


streakt 


scrold 


shockt 


slumpt 


spoild (also spoilt) 


streamd 


scrubd 


shopt 


slurd 


spoold 


strengthend 


scuft 


shortend 


smackt 


spoond 


strest 


sculd 


shoulderd 


smartend 


sportiv 


stretcht 


sculpt 


shoveld 


smasht 


spraind 


strewd 


sculptil, -ile 


showd 


smatterd 


sprawld 


stript 


scumd 


showerd 


smeard 


sprayd 


strold 


scurril 


shriekt 


smeld (also smelt) 


spred 


stropt 


scutcht 


shrild 


smircht 


sprigd 


strumd 


seald 


shrugd 


smirkt 


spurd 


stubd 


seamd 


shuckt 


smolder 


spurnd 


stuft 


seard 


shudderd 


smolderd 


sputterd 


stumpt 


seasond 


shund 


smoothd 


squald (squalled) 


stund (stunned) 


seclusiv 


shutterd 


smotherd 


squanderd 


stutterd 


secretiv 


siccativ 


snapt 


8quasht 


suasiv 


sectil, -ile 


sickend 


snarld 


squawkt 


subjectiv 


sedativ 


sighd 


snatcht 


equawld 


subjoind 


seductiv 


signald 


sneakt 


squeakt 


subjunctiv 


seemd 


signd 


sneerd 


squeald 


submissiv 


seept 


significativ 


sneezd 


-squeezd 


subordinativ 


seethd 


sild (silled) 


snickerd 


squelcht 


subornd 


seind 


silvan 


snift 


squibd 


subpena 


p?izd 


silverd 


snipt 


squirmd 


sub serv 


selectiv 


simitar 


sniveld 


stabd 


subservd 


selvs 


simitard 


snowd 


stablisht 


substantiv 


senil, -ile 


simmerd 


snubd 


stackt 


substitutiv 


sensil, -ile 


simperd 


snuft 


staggered 


subtil, -ile 


sensitiv 


sind (sinned) 


soakt 


staid 


subversiv 


senst * 


sion (scion, cion) 


soapt 


staind 


succede (succeed) 


sent (scent) 


siphond 


soard 


staid (stalled) 


successiv 


sented (scented) 


sipt 


sobd 


stalkt 


succor 


sentineld 


sissors (scissors) 


soberd 


stammerd 


succord 


separativ 


sithe 


softend 


stampt 


succumbd 


septet 


siv (sieve) 


soild 


stancht 


suckt 


sepulcher 


sivd 


sojournd 


starcht 


sufferd 


sepulcherd 


sizd (sizzed) 


solderd 


stard (starred) 


suffixt 


sequesterd 


sketcht 


soldierd 


starv 


suffocativ 


serv 


skewd 


solem 


• tarvd 


sugard 


servd 


skewerd 


solstis 


fctationd 


suggestiv 


servil, -ile 


skild 


solv 


stayd 


sulfate 


servis (service) 


skilful 


solvd 


steamd 


sulfur 


sessil, -ile 


skimd 


somber 


sted 


sulfurate 


> everd 


skimpt 


sopt 


stedfast 


sulfurd 


iowd 


skind 


sorbil, -ile 


stedy 


sulfuret 


sewerd 


skipt ^ 


sorrowd 


steeld 


sulfureted 


sextet 


skirmisht 


sould 


steept 


sulfuric 


shadowd 


skuld 


sourd 


steerd 


sulfurous 


shagd 


skulkt 


soust 


stelth 


sulkt 


shallowd 


slabberd 


soveren 


stelthy 


sumac 


shamd (shammed) 


slabd 


soverenty 


stemd 


sumd 


shampood 


slackend 


sowd 


stencild 


summerd 


shankt 


slackt 


spand 


stept 


summond 


sharkt 


slagd 


spankt 


steril, -ile 


sund (sunned) 


sharpend 


slamd 


spard (sparred) 


stewd 


sunder d # 


sharpt 


slanderd 


sparkt 


stiffend 


superlativ 


shatterd 


slapt 


spatterd 


stild (stilled) 


suppressiv 


shawld 


slasht 


spavind 


stimulativ 


supprest 


sheard 


slaughterd 


spawnd 


stird 


supt 


sheathd 


slaverd • 


speard 


stitcht 


surfit (surfeit) 


sheerd 


sleekt 


specialize 


stockt 


surpast 


sheld (shelled) 


sleevd 


speckt 


stoopt 


surplis (surplice) 


shellact 


slickt 


specter 


stopperd 


surplist 


shelterd 


slight (sleight) 


speculativ 


stopt 


surprize 


shelv 


slipperd 


speld (also spelt) 


stormd 


surprizing 


shelvd 


slipt 


spewd 


stowd 


surrenderd 


shimmerd 


sliverd 


spild (also spilt) 


straightend 


surveyd 


shind (shinned) 


slobberd 


splasht 

1034 


straind 


susceptiv 



Simplified Spelling 



suspensiv 


terminativ 


tramd 


univalv 


weakend 


eustaind 


tetherd 


trammeld 


upholsterd 


weand 


sutil, -ile 


textil, -ile 


trampt 


urnd 


weazend 


swabd 


thankt 


transferd 


usherd 


webd 


swagd n 


thatcht 


transfixt 


usurp t 


weend 


8waggerd 


thawd 


transformd 


util, -ile 


weighd 


ewallowd 


theater 


transgrest 


utilize 


welcomd 


Bwampt 


themselvs 


transitiv 


utterd 


weld (welled) 


swapt 


thickend 


transmissiv 


vaccin, -ine 


welterd 


swarmd 


thievd 


trapt 


valor 


welth 


swasht 


thind 


traveld 


valv 


welthy 


swayd 


tho 


traverst 


valvd 


wepon 


sweetend 


thornd 


treatis 


vampt 


wether (weather) 


sweld 


thoro 


trecherous 


vangard 


wetherd 


swelterd 


thorofare 


trechery 


vanisht 


whackt 


swerv 


thoroly 


tred (tread) 


vanquisht 


wheeld 


swervd 


thoroness 


tredle (treadle) 


vapor 


wheezd 


swet (sweat) 


thrald 


trellist 


vapord 


whelmd 


ewigd 


thrasht 


trencht 


varnisht 


whelpt 


swild 


thred 


trepand 


veerd 


whift 


ewirld 


thresht 


trespast 


vegetativ 


whimperd 


ewisht 


thret 


trest 


vegetiv 


whipt 


switcht 


threten 


tresure (treasure 


) veild 


whird 


ewiveld 


thretend 


tresurer 


veind 


whirld 


swoond 


thrild 


tresury 


veneerd 


whiskerd 


swoopt 


throb d 


trickt 


venomd 


whiskt 


synagog 


throngd 


trild 


versatil, -ile 


whisky 


synonym 


thru 


trimd 


verst 


whisperd 


-t for -ed pr. -t 


thrumd 


tript 


vext 


whitend 


tabd 


thruout 


trold (trolled) 


vibratil, -ile 


whizd 


tabor 


thum 


troop t 


vibrativ 


whoopt 


tabord 


thumd 


troweld 


viewd 


widend 


tackt 


thumpt 


truckt 


vigor 


widowd 


tactil, -ile 


thunderd 


trumpt 


vindictiv 


wier (weir) 


tagd 


thwackt 


trunkt 


violativ 


wierd (weird) 


taild 


tiekt 


trust (trussed) 


viperin, -ine 


wigd 


tailord 


tift 


tubd 


viril, -ile 


wilderd 


talkativ 


tightend ' 


tuckt 


vituperativ 


wilful 


talkt 


tigrin, -ine 


tugd 


vizor 


windowd 


tamperd 


tild (tilled) 


tumor 


vizord 


wingd 


tampt 


timberd 


tund (tunned) 


vocativ 


winkt 


tand 


tind (tinned) 


tung (tongue) 


volatil, -ile 


winnowd 


tankt 


tinkerd 


tungd (tongued) 


volitiv 


winterd 


taperd 


tinseld 


tunneld 


volleyd 


wisht 


tapt 


tipt 


turbin, -ine 


volunteerd 


witcht 


tard (tarred) 


tisic (phthisic) 


turft 


votiv 


witherd 


tarnisht 


tisis (phthisis) 


turmoild 


voucht 


witnest 


tartand 


titterd 


turnd 


vowd 


wizend 


taskt 


togd 


tusht 


voweld 


wo 


tasseld 


toild 


tuskt 


vulpin, -ine 


woful 


tatterd 


tokend 


tutord 


Tvaferd 


wonderd 


tautend 


told (tolled) 


twangd 


wagd 


woolen 


tawd 


tongd (tonged) 


tweakt 


wagerd 


workt 


taxt 


toold 


twelv 


wagon 


wormd 


teamd 


toothake 


twigd 


wagon d 


worshipt 


teazel 


tootht 


twild 


waild 


wrackt 


teemd 


topt 


twind (twinned) 


waivd 


wrapt 


teeterd 


tortiv 


twirld • 


wald (walled) 


wreakt 


telefone 


tost 


twitcht 


walkt 


wreathd 


telefonic 


totterd 


twitterd 


wallopt 


wreckt 


telefony 


toucht 


umberd 


wallowd 


wrencht 


telegraf 


tourd 


unabasht 


wanderd 


wrongd 


relegrafer 


towd 


unarmd 


wantond 


yawnd 


telegrafic 


toweld 


unbard 


ward (warred) 


yeld (yelled) 


telegraft 


towerd 


unblest 


warmd 


yellowd 


telegrafy 
temperd 


toyd 


uncald 


warnd 


yelpt 


trackt 


uncheckt 


warpt 


yoman 
yourselvs 


tenderd 


tractil, -ile 


undouted 


washt 


tenor 


tractiv 


unfeard 


watcht 


tensil, -ile 


traffict 


unfinisht 


waterd 


zelot 


tentativ 


traild 


ungarded 


waverd 


zelous« 


termd 


traind 


unharmd (etc.) 
1035 


waxt 


zinct 






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ENGLISH-FRENCH 
DICTIONARY 



Self Pronouncing 



COMPILED BY 

M. P. de LAPPARENT 

PROFESSOR OF FRENCH 






'V^HE compiler's aim has been to use only those 
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The vocabulary covers all words of every day use 

including- — The World and Its Elements Time and 

Seasons — Dress and Shopping Fruit and Vege- 
tables Food and Drink Countries and Nations. 



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